TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatocarcinogenicity in the male B6C3F1 mouse following a lifetime exposure to dichloroacetic acid in the drinking water: dose-response determination and modes of action. AN - 69398498; 10632141 AB - Male B6C3F, mice were exposed to dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in the drinking water in order to establish a dose response for the induction of hepatocellular cancer and to examine several modes of action for the carcinogenic process. Groups of animals were exposed to control, 0.05, 0.5, 1, 2, or 3.5 g/L DCA in the drinking water for 90-100 wk. Mean daily doses (MDD) of 8, 84, 168, 315, and 429 mg/kg/d of DCA were calculated. The prevalence (percent of animals) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) was significantly increased in the 1-g/L (71%), 2-g/L (95%), and 3.5-g/L (100%) treatment groups when compared to the control (26%). HC multiplicity (tumors/animal) was significantly increased by all DCA treatments-0.05 g/L (0.58), 0.5 g/L (0.68), 1 g/L (1.29), 2 g/L (2.47), and 3.5 g/L (2.90)-compared to the control group (0.28). Based upon HC multiplicity, a no-observed-effect level (NOEL) for hepatocarcinogenicity could not be determined. Hepatic peroxisome proliferation was significantly increased only for 3.5 g/L DCA treatment at 26 wk. and did not correlate with the liver tumor response. The severity of hepatotoxicity increased with DCA concentration. Below 1 g/L, hepatotoxicity was mild and transient as demonstrated by the severity indices and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity. An analysis of generalized hepatocyte proliferation reflected the mild hepatotoxicity and demonstrated no significant treatment effects on the labeling index of hepatocytes outside proliferative lesions. Consequently, the induction of liver cancer by DCA does not appear to be conditional upon peroxisome induction or chemically sustained cell proliferation. Hepatotoxicity, especially at the higher doses, may exert an important influence on the carcinogenic process. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - DeAngelo, A B AU - George, M H AU - House, D E AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. deangelo.anthony@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12/24/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 24 SP - 485 EP - 507 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Dichloroacetic Acid KW - 9LSH52S3LQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Dichloroacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- mortality KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69398498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Hepatocarcinogenicity+in+the+male+B6C3F1+mouse+following+a+lifetime+exposure+to+dichloroacetic+acid+in+the+drinking+water%3A+dose-response+determination+and+modes+of+action.&rft.au=DeAngelo%2C+A+B%3BGeorge%2C+M+H%3BHouse%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=DeAngelo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-12-24&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of central and peripheral cholinergic antagonists on chlorpyrifos-induced changes in body temperature in the rat. AN - 69416764; 10647915 AB - Exposure to the organophosphate (OP)-based pesticide chlorpyrifos (CHP) in the rat results in an initial period of hypothermia lasting < 24 h, followed by a fever lasting 48-72 h. The purpose of this study was to determine how cholinergic pathways participate in the mediation of the thermoregulatory effects of CHP. The corn oil (CO) vehicle or CHP (25 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered to female rats while core temperature (Tc) and motor activity (MA) were monitored by radiotelemetry. The peripheral muscarinic antagonist, methyl scopolamine (MS) and central antagonist, scopolamine (S) were administered during the period of CHP-induced hypothermia and fever. The hypothermia was attenuated by scopolamine but not by methyl scopolamine. The delayed fever was augmented by scopolamine but blocked by methyl scopolamine. The results indicate that CHP-induced hypothermia is mediated by cholinergic stimulation of heat loss pathways in CNS thermoregulatory centers. Peripheral cholinergic pathways appear to have a minimal role in mediating chlorpyrifos-induced hypothermia. On the other hand, the chlorpyrifos-induced fever appears to be mediated by a peripheral pathway that is blocked by methyl scopolamine. The data provides a possible explanation for the persistent fever in humans exposed to OP pesticides and treated with atropine. Methyl atropine or methyl scopolamine may be a more effective therapy in the treatment of the fever. JF - Toxicology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Grantham, T A AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. gordon.christopher@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12/20/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 20 SP - 15 EP - 28 VL - 142 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Muscarinic Antagonists KW - Scopolamine Hydrobromide KW - 451IFR0GXB KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - N-Methylscopolamine KW - VDR09VTQ8U KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Hypothermia -- physiopathology KW - Hypothermia -- chemically induced KW - Cholinergic Fibers -- physiology KW - Fever -- physiopathology KW - Cholinergic Fibers -- drug effects KW - Female KW - N-Methylscopolamine -- pharmacology KW - Scopolamine Hydrobromide -- pharmacology KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Muscarinic Antagonists -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69416764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+central+and+peripheral+cholinergic+antagonists+on+chlorpyrifos-induced+changes+in+body+temperature+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BGrantham%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-20&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of the chlorotriazine herbicide, cyanazine, on GABA sub(A) receptors in cortical tissue from rat brain AN - 17469087; 4675540 AB - Chlorotriazine herbicides disrupt luteinizing hormone (LH) release in female rats following in vivo exposure. Although the mechanism of action is unknown, significant evidence suggests that inhibition of LH release by chlorotriazines may be mediated by effects in the central nervous system. GABA sub(A) receptors are important for neuronal regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone and LH release. The ability of chlorotriazine herbicides to interact with GABA sub(A) receptors was examined by measuring their effects on [ super(3)H]muscimol, [ super(3)H]Ro15-4513 and [ super(35)S]tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) binding to rat cortical membranes. Cyanazine (1-400 mu M) inhibited [ super(3)H]Ro15-4513 binding with an IC sub(50) of approximately 105 mu M (n = 4). Atrazine (1-400 mu M) also inhibited [ super(3)H]Ro15-4513 binding, but was less potent than cyanazine (IC sub(50) = 305 mu M). However, the chlorotriazine metabolites diaminochlorotriazine, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-s-triazine and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine were without significant effect on [ super(3)H]Ro15-4513 binding. Cyanazine and the other chlorotriazines were without effect on [ super(3)H]muscimol or [ super(35)S]TBPS binding. To examine whether cyanazine altered GABA sub(A) receptor function, GABA-stimulated super(36)Cl super(-) flux into synaptoneurosomes was examined. Cyanazine (50-100 mu M) alone did not significantly decrease GABA-stimulated super(36)Cl super(-) flux. Diazepam (10 mu M) and pentobarbital (100 mu M) potentiated GABA-stimulated super(36)Cl super(-) flux to 126 and 166% of control, respectively. At concentrations of 50 and 100 mu M, cyanazine decreased potentiation by diazepam to 112 and 97% of control, respectively, and decreased potentiation by pentobarbital to 158 and 137% of control (n = 6). Interestingly, at lower concentrations (5 mu M), cyanazine shifted the EC sub(50) for GABA-stimulated super(36)Cl super(-) flux into synaptoneurosomes from 28.9 to 19.4 mu M, respectively (n = 5). These results suggest that cyanazine modulates benzodiazepine, but not the muscimol (GABA receptor site) or TBPS (Cl super(-) channel), binding sites on GABA sub(A) receptors. Furthermore, at low concentrations, cyanazine may slightly enhance function of GABA sub(A) receptors, but at higher concentrations, cyanazine antagonizes GABA sub(A) receptor function and in particular antagonizes the positive modulatory effects of diazepam and pentobarbital. JF - Toxicology AU - Shafer, T J AU - Ward, T R AU - Meacham, CA AU - Cooper, R L AD - Neurotoxicology Division, MD-74B, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, shafer.tim@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12/20/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 20 SP - 57 EP - 68 VL - 142 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - rats KW - benzodiazepine KW - chlorotriazines KW - cyanazine KW - diazepam KW - pentobarbital KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Phenobarbital KW - ^g-Aminobutyric acid receptors KW - Diazepam KW - Brain KW - Herbicides KW - g-Aminobutyric acid receptors KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24135:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17469087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+chlorotriazine+herbicide%2C+cyanazine%2C+on+GABA+sub%28A%29+receptors+in+cortical+tissue+from+rat+brain&rft.au=Shafer%2C+T+J%3BWard%2C+T+R%3BMeacham%2C+CA%3BCooper%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Shafer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-12-20&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brain; g-Aminobutyric acid receptors; Herbicides; Phenobarbital; Diazepam; ^g-Aminobutyric acid receptors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of arsenic exposure on the frequency of HPRT-mutant lymphocytes in a population of copper roasters in Antofagasta, Chile: a pilot study. AN - 69413743; 10635991 AB - A pilot biomarker study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a biomarker for detecting genetic effects of arsenic exposure. Blood and urine samples were obtained from workers highly exposed to arsenic in a copper roasting plant in Antofagasta, Chile. Individuals were classified according to their job titles into three potential exposure groups: high, medium, and low. To confirm exposure, arsenic concentration was determined in urine samples. The HPRT mutant frequencies were measured in lymphocytes from 15 individuals ranging in age from 24 to 66 years. The mean mutant frequencies for the three exposure groups were: low (9 x 10(-6)), medium (11 x 10(-6)), and high (24 x 10(-6)). An increased mutant frequency was observed in the highly exposed group, but the response was so slight that it is not likely that this assay will be capable of providing dose-response information across a range of lower, more typical environmental arsenic levels. JF - Mutation research AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Cabrera, M AU - Collard, D D AU - Doerr, C L AU - McConnell, R AU - Moore, M M AU - Sandoval, H AU - Fuscoe, J C AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/12/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 17 SP - 247 EP - 257 VL - 431 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetics, Population KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Pilot Projects KW - Chile KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Middle Aged KW - Lymphocytes -- physiology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Metallurgy KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- drug effects KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69413743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+arsenic+exposure+on+the+frequency+of+HPRT-mutant+lymphocytes+in+a+population+of+copper+roasters+in+Antofagasta%2C+Chile%3A+a+pilot+study.&rft.au=Harrington-Brock%2C+K%3BCabrera%2C+M%3BCollard%2C+D+D%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BMcConnell%2C+R%3BMoore%2C+M+M%3BSandoval%2C+H%3BFuscoe%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Harrington-Brock&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-17&rft.volume=431&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental exposure to a commercial PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) produces a persistent impairment in long-term potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus in vivo AN - 18589563; 5360432 AB - Developmental exposure to polycholorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated with cognitive deficits in humans and laboratory animals. The present study sought to examine synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for some types of memory function, in animals exposed to PCBs early in development. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were administered either corn oil (control) or 6 mg/kg/day of a commercial PCB mixture, Aroclor 1254 (A1254) by gavage from gestational day (GD) 6 until pups were weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21. In adult male offspring (3-6 months of age), field potentials evoked by perforant path stimulation were recorded in the dentate gyrus under urethane anesthesia. Input/output (I/O) functions were assessed by averaging the response evoked in the dentate gyrus to stimulus pulses delivered to the perforant path in an ascending intensity series. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced by delivering a series of brief high frequency (400 Hz) train bursts to the perforant path at a moderate stimulus intensity and I/O functions were reassessed 1 h later. No differences in baseline synaptic population spike (PS) and minor effects on excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope amplitudes were discerned between the groups prior to train delivery. Post-train I/O functions, however, revealed a 50% decrement in the magnitude of LTP in PCB-exposed animals. These data are the first to demonstrate persistent decrements in hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the intact animal following developmental exposure to PCBs. Disruption of early brain ontogeny due to developmental PCB exposure may underlie perturbations in the neurological substrates that support synaptic plasticity and contribute to deficits in LTP and learning that persist into adulthood. JF - Brain Research AU - Gilbert, ME AU - Crofton, K M AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC USA Y1 - 1999/12/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 11 SP - 87 EP - 95 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 850 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Prenatal experience KW - Hippocampus KW - Brain KW - Plasticity (synaptic) KW - Dentate gyrus KW - Long-term potentiation KW - Teratogenicity KW - Aroclor 1254 KW - PCB KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18589563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Developmental+exposure+to+a+commercial+PCB+mixture+%28Aroclor+1254%29+produces+a+persistent+impairment+in+long-term+potentiation+in+the+rat+dentate+gyrus+in+vivo&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+ME%3BCrofton%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1999-12-11&rft.volume=850&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PCB; Aroclor 1254; Dentate gyrus; Brain; Prenatal experience; Teratogenicity; Hippocampus; Long-term potentiation; Plasticity (synaptic) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of low-VOC latex paints. AN - 69419464; 10649858 AB - Four commercially available low-volatile organic compound (VOC) latex paints were evaluated as substitutes for conventional latex paints by assessing both their emission characteristics and their performance as coatings. Bulk analysis indicated that the VOC contents of all four paints tested were considerably lower than those of conventional latex paints. Low VOC emissions were confirmed by small chamber emission tests. However, significant emissions of several aldehydes, especially formaldehyde which is a hazardous air pollutant, were detected in emissions from two of the four paints. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods were used to evaluate the hiding power, scrub resistance, washability, dry to touch and yellowness index. The results indicated that one of the four low-VOC paints tested showed performance equivalent or superior to that of a conventional latex paint used as control. It was concluded that low-VOC latex paint can be a viable option to replace conventional latex paints for prevention of indoor air pollution. However, paints marketed as "low-VOC" may still have significant emissions of some individual VOCs, and some may not have performance characteristics matching those of conventional latex paints. JF - Indoor air AU - Chang, J C AU - Fortmann, R AU - Roache, N AU - Lao, H C AD - Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. jchang@engineer.aeerl.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 253 EP - 258 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Fixatives KW - 0 KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - Volatilization KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Paint KW - Formaldehyde -- analysis KW - Fixatives -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69419464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+CLEANUP+2000%3A+reforms+to+the+RCRA+corrective+action+programme&rft.au=Donovan%2C+K&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-09 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change? AN - 69370242; 10592150 AB - During the last three decades, the impact of chemical pollution has focused almost exclusively on the conventional "priority" pollutants, especially those acutely toxic/carcinogenic pesticides and industrial intermediates displaying persistence in the environment. This spectrum of chemicals, however, is only one piece of the larger puzzle in "holistic" risk assessment. Another diverse group of bioactive chemicals receiving comparatively little attention as potential environmental pollutants includes the pharmaceuticals and active ingredients in personal care products (in this review collectively termed PPCPs), both human and veterinary, including not just prescription drugs and biologics, but also diagnostic agents, "nutraceuticals," fragrances, sun-screen agents, and numerous others. These compounds and their bioactive metabolites can be continually introduced to the aquatic environment as complex mixtures via a number of routes but primarily by both untreated and treated sewage. Aquatic pollution is particularly troublesome because aquatic organisms are captive to continual life-cycle, multigenerational exposure. The possibility for continual but undetectable or unnoticed effects on aquatic organisms is particularly worrisome because effects could accumulate so slowly that major change goes undetected until the cumulative level of these effects finally cascades to irreversible change--change that would otherwise be attributed to natural adaptation or ecologic succession. As opposed to the conventional, persistent priority pollutants, PPCPs need not be persistent if they are continually introduced to surface waters, even at low parts-per-trillion/parts-per-billion concentrations (ng-microg/L). Even though some PPCPs are extremely persistent and introduced to the environment in very high quantities and perhaps have already gained ubiquity worldwide, others could act as if they were persistent, simply because their continual infusion into the aquatic environment serves to sustain perpetual life-cycle exposures for aquatic organisms. This review attempts to synthesize the literature on environmental origin, distribution/occurrence, and effects and to catalyze a more focused discussion in the environmental science community. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Daughton, C G AU - Ternes, T A AD - Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/NERL, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119, USA. daughton.christian@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 907 EP - 938 VL - 107 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Cosmetics KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Public Health KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Cosmetics -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69370242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Pharmaceuticals+and+personal+care+products+in+the+environment%3A+agents+of+subtle+change%3F&rft.au=Daughton%2C+C+G%3BTernes%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Daughton&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=107+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-10 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Jun 18;235(2):336-42 [9199193] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 May 27;94(11):5939-42 [9159179] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Jun;105 Suppl 4:855-60 [9255572] Toxicol Ind Health. 1998 Jan-Apr;14(1-2):341-59 [9460185] J Exp Zool. 1998 Feb 15;280(3):260-4 [9472482] Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):996-7 [9490487] Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1153-4 [9508688] Anticancer Res. 1998 Jan-Feb;18(1A):449-52 [9568118] Chemosphere. 1998 Jan;36(2):357-93 [9569937] Mutat Res. 1998 Jun;410(3):223-36 [9630643] Mutat Res. 1998 Mar 13;399(1):43-53 [9635488] Science. 1998 Jul 10;281(5374):257-9 [9657720] Science. 1998 Jul 10;281(5374):149, 151 [9687270] Science. 1998 Aug 7;281(5378):785 [9714682] Nature. 1998 Aug 6;394(6693):531-2 [9707111] J Rheumatol. 1998 Aug;25(8):1451-3 [9712081] J Chromatogr A. 1998 Jul 24;814(1-2):187-97 [9718694] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1998 Sep;28(5):431-76 [9793747] Science. 1998 Nov 27;282(5394):1644 [9867663] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1998 Nov;153(1):12-9 [9875295] Anal Chem. 1999 Jan 15;71(2):373-8 [9949728] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):101-8 [10028707] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):109-18 [10028708] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):119-33 [10028709] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):135-41 [10028710] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):143-53 [10028711] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):155-65 [10028712] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):167-76 [10028713] Pharm Res. 1999 Apr;16(4):478-85 [10227700] Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1853-5 [10515789] Life Sci. 1977 Jan 15;20(2):337-41 [839964] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1981 May;26(5):656-62 [7260436] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1983 Jan;12(1):83-9 [6830312] J Appl Bacteriol. 1984 Oct;57(2):247-61 [6501119] J Pharm Pharmacol. 1985 Jan;37(1):1-12 [2858520] Vet Hum Toxicol. 1986;28 Suppl 1:2-8 [3151420] Vet Hum Toxicol. 1986;28 Suppl 1:38-44 [3334693] J Pharm Pharmacol. 1989 Oct;41(10):735-6 [2575159] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1992;22(1):23-43 [1352103] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1993 Sep;51(3):361-6 [8219590] Science. 1996 Jun 7;272(5267):1489-92 [8633243] Sci Total Environ. 1996 Jun 21;185(1-3):3-26 [8643958] Chemosphere. 1996 Jul;33(1):17-28 [8680828] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Feb;105 Suppl 1:21-35 [9114275] Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1997 Mar;36(2):174-9 [9126435] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;25(3):220-5 [9237324] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased specific airway reactivity of persons with mild allergic asthma after 7.6 hours of exposure to 0.16 ppm ozone. AN - 69340656; 10589001 AB - Exposure to ozone causes decrements in lung function, increased airway reactivity to nonspecific bronchoconstrictors, and lung inflammation. Epidemiology studies show an association between ambient oxidant levels and increased asthma attacks and hospital admissions. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the response of persons with mild asthma to inhaled allergen after ozone exposure conditions similar to those observed in urban areas of the United States. Using a double-blind, counter-balanced design, we exposed 9 (5 women and 4 men) subjects with mild atopic asthma (house dust mite sensitive) to clean air and to 0.16 ppm ozone for 7.6 hours; exposures were separated by a minimum of 4 weeks. During exposure, subjects performed light exercise (ventilation = 24 L/min) for 50 minutes of each hour, and pulmonary function was evaluated before and after exposures. The morning after exposure, subjects underwent bronchial challenge with inhaled house dust mite allergen (Dermatophagoides farinae). Using a series of doubling allergen concentrations, subjects inhaled 5 breaths of nebulized allergen (0.06 to 500 AU/mL) at 10-minute intervals until a minimum of a 20% decrement in FEV(1) was elicited. Compared with the change in FEV(1) during air exposure, there was a mean 9.1% +/- 2.5% (SEM) decrement in FEV(1) observed because of ozone (P <.01). Seven of the 9 subjects required less allergen after ozone exposure than after air exposure; there was a 0.58 mean dose shift in the doubling concentration of allergen attributable to the ozone exposure (P =.03). These findings indicate that exposure of subjects with mild atopic asthma to ozone at levels sufficient to cause modest decrements in lung function also increases the reactivity to allergen. To the extent that this effect occurs in response to ambient exposures, ozone may be contributing to the aggravation of asthma. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Kehrl, H R AU - Peden, D B AU - Ball, B AU - Folinsbee, L J AU - Horstman, D AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Human Studies Division, Clinical Research Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1198 EP - 1204 VL - 104 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Dermatophagoides KW - Glycoproteins KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Histamine KW - 820484N8I3 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Glycoproteins -- immunology KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Histamine -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Mites -- immunology KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ozone -- pharmacology KW - Asthma -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69340656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Increased+specific+airway+reactivity+of+persons+with+mild+allergic+asthma+after+7.6+hours+of+exposure+to+0.16+ppm+ozone.&rft.au=Kehrl%2C+H+R%3BPeden%2C+D+B%3BBall%2C+B%3BFolinsbee%2C+L+J%3BHorstman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kehrl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residual oil fly ash amplifies allergic cytokines, airway responsiveness, and inflammation in mice. AN - 69339617; 10588603 AB - Particulate matter (PM) air pollution may increase symptom severity in allergic asthmatics. To examine possible interaction, or greater than additive responses, between PM effects and allergic responses, an ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged (OVA) mouse model of allergic airways disease was utilized. After challenge, mice were intratracheally instilled with saline vehicle or 3 mg/kg (approximately 60 microg) residual oil fly ash (ROFA), a transition metal-rich emission source PM sample. Physiological and inflammatory responses were examined 1, 3, 8, and 15 d later. In response to intravenously administered methacholine, ROFA increased total respiratory system resistance and decreased compliance 1 d after exposure, whereas effects of OVA lasted at least 15 d after exposure. Significant interactions between OVA and ROFA were mainly observed 8 d after challenge and exposure, especially with respect to compliance. A strong interaction (p < 0.01) between OVA and ROFA exposure resulted in 8-fold (1 d) and 3-fold (3 d) increases in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid eosinophil numbers. A similarly strong interaction (8-fold) was observed in BAL fluid interleukin-4 (IL-4) 1 d after challenge and exposure. Significant though less strong interactions were also found with respect to IL-4 and IL-5 by 3 d postchallenge/exposure. This study shows that allergen challenge and exposure to emission source particulate matter containing relatively high levels of transitions metals can interact to increase Th2 cytokine production, eosinophil recruitment, and airway hyperresponsiveness in previously sensitized mice. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Gavett, S H AU - Madison, S L AU - Stevens, M A AU - Costa, D L AD - Pulmonary Toxicology Branch, Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. gavett.stephen@epamial.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1897 EP - 1904 VL - 160 IS - 6 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Allergens KW - Coal Ash KW - Cytokines KW - Interleukin-5 KW - Particulate Matter KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Ovalbumin KW - 9006-59-1 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Ovalbumin -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- chemically induced KW - Airway Resistance KW - Immunoglobulin E -- blood KW - Bronchial Provocation Tests KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- physiopathology KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Lung Compliance KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Interleukin-4 -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Female KW - Interleukin-5 -- analysis KW - Cytokines -- analysis KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- physiopathology KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- pathology KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- immunology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Carbon -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69339617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Residual+oil+fly+ash+amplifies+allergic+cytokines%2C+airway+responsiveness%2C+and+inflammation+in+mice.&rft.au=Gavett%2C+S+H%3BMadison%2C+S+L%3BStevens%2C+M+A%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Gavett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prepubertal exposure to compounds that increase prolactin secretion in the male rat: effects on the adult prostate. AN - 69295266; 10570013 AB - To test the hypothesis that a transient increase in prolactin (PRL) secretion prior to puberty can result in an alteration of the adult prostate, male rats were exposed from postnatal Days (PND) 22 to 32 to compounds that increase PRL secretion. These compounds included pimozide (a dopamine antagonist), estradiol-17beta, and bisphenol A (a monomer of polycarbonate plastics reported to have weak estrogenic activity). During dosing, pimozide (PIM), bisphenol A (BPA), and estradiol-17beta (E(2)) stimulated an increased secretion of PRL. At 120 days of age, the lateral prostate weight was increased in the PIM and BPA groups as compared to the vehicle-injected controls. Examination of the prostates revealed inflammation in the lateral lobes of all treated groups. Results of a myeloperoxidase assay, a quantitative assay to assess acute inflammation, indicated an increase in the percentage of males with neutrophil infiltrate in the lateral prostates of the PIM and E(2) treatment groups compared to their respective controls. The histological evaluations of these tissues confirmed an increase in luminal polymorphonuclear cells and interstitial mononuclear cells of the lateral prostates in all treatment groups. Administration of the dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, to the estradiol-implanted males from PND 22 to 32 reversed the induction of lateral prostate inflammation by estradiol, suggesting that PRL was necessary for the inflammatory effect. This study demonstrates that prepubertal exposures to compounds that increase PRL secretion, albeit through different mechanisms, can increase the incidence of lateral prostate inflammation in the adult. JF - Biology of reproduction AU - Stoker, T E AU - Robinette, C L AU - Britt, B H AU - Laws, S C AU - Cooper, R L AD - Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. tammy@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1636 EP - 1643 VL - 61 IS - 6 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Benzhydryl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Antagonists KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Phenols KW - Pimozide KW - 1HIZ4DL86F KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.7 KW - bisphenol A KW - MLT3645I99 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Prostatic Hyperplasia -- etiology KW - Aging KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Pimozide -- pharmacology KW - Peroxidase -- analysis KW - Organ Size KW - Rats KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prostate -- drug effects KW - Prostate -- growth & development KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Prostatitis -- chemically induced KW - Prolactin -- secretion KW - Prostate -- pathology KW - Sexual Maturation KW - Prostatitis -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69295266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.atitle=Prepubertal+exposure+to+compounds+that+increase+prolactin+secretion+in+the+male+rat%3A+effects+on+the+adult+prostate.&rft.au=Stoker%2C+T+E%3BRobinette%2C+C+L%3BBritt%2C+B+H%3BLaws%2C+S+C%3BCooper%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Stoker&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Desorption of pentachlorophenol from soils using mixed solvents AN - 52274803; 2001-005311 JF - Environmental Science & Technology, ES & T AU - Khodadoust, Amid P AU - Suidan, Makram T AU - Sorial, George A AU - Dionysiou, Dionysios D AU - Brenner, Richard C Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 4483 EP - 4491 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 24 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - desorption KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - pentachlorophenol KW - techniques KW - chlorophenols KW - solubility KW - organic compounds KW - solvents KW - isotherms KW - chemical properties KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52274803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.atitle=Desorption+of+pentachlorophenol+from+soils+using+mixed+solvents&rft.au=Khodadoust%2C+Amid+P%3BSuidan%2C+Makram+T%3BSorial%2C+George+A%3BDionysiou%2C+Dionysios+D%3BBrenner%2C+Richard+C&rft.aulast=Khodadoust&rft.aufirst=Amid&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=4483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/journals/esthag/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTHAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical properties; chlorophenols; degradation; desorption; experimental studies; isotherms; organic compounds; pentachlorophenol; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; soil treatment; soils; solubility; solvents; techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cation transport and partitioning during a field test of electroosmosis AN - 50165137; 2000-033118 AB - Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil properties, such as the cation exchange capacity and mineral content, on pH, soluble ion concentrations, and electrical conductivity during electroosmosis in a silty clay soil. The soil is composed mainly of quartz (60%) and smectite/illite (20-29%). The measured cation exchange capacity of the test site soil ranged from 11 to 22 cmol kg (super -1) , which was consistent with the contribution from the clay contents. The exchangeable cations and reserve acidity measurements suggest that the majority of protons that were generated at the anode by electrolysis not only exchanged the base cations but also were adsorbed on the soil minerals. Protons also reacted with the soil minerals and caused the release of dissolved Al (super 3+) , which was then exchanged and adsorbed by the soil minerals. The exchange and adsorption of proton and Al (super 3+) resulted in the decrease of the exchangeable base cations and ion concentrations of the pore fluid. Sorption (exchange and adsorption) and reaction significantly retarded the transport of protons. The apparent retardation factor for protons calculated from the movement of the pH front was of the order of 1000, whereas retardation factors calculated by assuming a Langmuir isotherm ranged from 30 to 6700 in the pH range of 3.6-4.8. The electrical conductivity of the soil also was influenced and dominated by the sorption and reaction of protons. In the region close to the anode where protons were sorbed, the electrical conductivity at the end of the test decreased to 0.37 of the initial value despite the fact that the proton concentration in pore fluid increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude. The results of this study show that soil properties, such as cation exchange capacity and mineral content, have a pronounced effect on solution chemistry and hence the utility of electroosmosis. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Chen, Jiann-Long AU - Al-Abed, Souhail R AU - Bryndzia, L Taras AU - Murdoch, Larry Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 3841 EP - 3851 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 35 IS - 12 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - soils KW - osmosis KW - electro-osmosis KW - concentration KW - sorption KW - electrical conductivity KW - cation exchange capacity KW - variations KW - partitioning KW - mineral composition KW - chemical reactions KW - transport KW - metals KW - aluminum KW - electrolysis KW - cations KW - horizons KW - geochemistry KW - pore water KW - pH KW - field studies KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50165137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Cation+transport+and+partitioning+during+a+field+test+of+electroosmosis&rft.au=Chen%2C+Jiann-Long%3BAl-Abed%2C+Souhail+R%3BBryndzia%2C+L+Taras%3BMurdoch%2C+Larry&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Jiann-Long&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999WR900261 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aluminum; cation exchange capacity; cations; chemical reactions; concentration; electrical conductivity; electro-osmosis; electrolysis; field studies; geochemistry; horizons; metals; mineral composition; osmosis; partitioning; pH; pore water; soils; sorption; transport; variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900261 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Keynote Address to the National Association of Science, Technology and Society on Global Climate Change AN - 21419716; 12443486 JF - Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society AU - McCabe, WMichael AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 468 EP - 473 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0270-4676, 0270-4676 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Climatic changes KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21419716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Science%2C+Technology+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Keynote+Address+to+the+National+Association+of+Science%2C+Technology+and+Society+on+Global+Climate+Change&rft.au=McCabe%2C+WMichael&rft.aulast=McCabe&rft.aufirst=WMichael&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Science%2C+Technology+%26+Society&rft.issn=02704676&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F027046769901900603 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Climatic changes; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027046769901900603 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gestational exposure to methylmercury alters neurotrophin- and carbachol-stimulated phosphatidylinositide hydrolysis in cerebral cortex of neonatal rats AN - 20183878; 10262824 AB - Neurotrophin-stimulated signal transduction through the Trk receptors has been implicated in the development and survival of the nervous system. Phospholipase Cy (PLCy) is an early downstream effector for the Trk receptors, and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositides (PIs) to inositol phosphates (IPs) and diacylglycerol. The current study demonstrated that PI hydrolysis can be used as a measure of Trk stimulation in slices from neonatal rat brain, and examined changes in the ontogeny of neurotrophin-stimulated PI hydrolysis in animals exposed to MeHg during gestation. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stimulated PI hydrolysis in neocortical and cerebellar slices from neonatal rats in a concentration-dependent manner (30--1000 ng/ml). The neurotrophin-stimulated PI hydrolysis was completely blocked by K-252a, a compound known to inhibit Trk autopho-sphorylation. To examine the effects of MeHg on PI hydrolysis, Long-Evans dams were dosed p.o. on gestational days 6--15 with 0 or 2 mg/kg/day MeHg dissolved in saline. Pups were sacrificed on postnatal days (PND) 1, 4, 10, 14, and 21 and brain slices prepared from the neocortex and cerebellum. Neurotrophin-stimulated PI hydrolysis was highest on PND 1--4 and decreased with age in slices from both regions. Prior exposure to MeHg had no effect on NT-3 or BDNF-stimulated PI hydrolysis in the cerebellum; however, in the neocortex carbachol-stimulated PI hydrolysis and NT-3-stimulated PI hydrolysis were decreased on PND 1. In addition, NT-3-stimulated PI hydrolysis was increased on PND 14 compared to controls. Nerve growth factor (NGF), which had no effect in controls, increased PI hydrolysis in MeHg exposed animals. Acute exposure to 10 is a subset of M MeHg increased basal PI hydrolysis in cortical slices and increased NT-3- and BDNF-stimulated PI hydrolysis in slices from the cerebellum. These data indicate that gestational exposure to MeHg can alter neurotrophin signaling in the neocortex at early postnatal times. JF - Neurotoxicity Research AU - Mundy, William R AU - Parran, Damani AU - Barone, Stan AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, MD-74B, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 27711, NC, USA, mundy.william@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 271 EP - 283 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxford OX14 4RN UK, [URL:http://www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk/] VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1029-8428, 1029-8428 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor KW - Nerve growth factor KW - phosphatidylinositides KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Phospholipase C KW - Cerebellum KW - Survival KW - Diacylglycerol KW - Hydrolysis KW - Nervous system KW - Cortex KW - inositol phosphate KW - Trk receptors KW - Gestation KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Dimethylmercury KW - Ontogeny KW - Neonates KW - Neurotrophin 3 KW - Brain slice preparation KW - Signal transduction KW - N3 11007:Neurobiology KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20183878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicity+Research&rft.atitle=Gestational+exposure+to+methylmercury+alters+neurotrophin-+and+carbachol-stimulated+phosphatidylinositide+hydrolysis+in+cerebral+cortex+of+neonatal+rats&rft.au=Mundy%2C+William+R%3BParran%2C+Damani%3BBarone%2C+Stan&rft.aulast=Mundy&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicity+Research&rft.issn=10298428&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF03033257 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Nerve growth factor; Age; phosphatidylinositides; Data processing; Phospholipase C; Cerebellum; Survival; Hydrolysis; Diacylglycerol; Nervous system; Cortex; inositol phosphate; Neurotoxicity; Gestation; Trk receptors; Dimethylmercury; Ontogeny; Brain slice preparation; Neurotrophin 3; Neonates; Signal transduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03033257 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of physicochemical properties from Euclidean distance methods based on electrotopological state indices AN - 17659336; 4651526 AB - This paper describes predictions of log K sub(OW), Henry's Law constant, vapor pressure, and OH-radical bimolecular rate constant from two Euclidean distance methods, using electrotopological state indices as input. The quality of the predictions is highly dependent on the size of the experimental dataset, i. e., the density of experimental data points in the Euclidean space. The Euclidean distance results are compared with predictions made by commercial software products for the same sets of compounds. JF - Chemosphere AU - Cash, G G AD - New Chemicals Screening and Assessment Branch, Risk Assessment Division, (Mail Code 7403), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S. W., Washington, DC 20460 USA; (202) 260-3900, USA, cash.gordon@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 2583 EP - 2591 VL - 39 IS - 14 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Euclidean distance KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Chemicals KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Topography KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17659336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+physicochemical+properties+from+Euclidean+distance+methods+based+on+electrotopological+state+indices&rft.au=Cash%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Cash&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Physicochemical properties; Chemicals; Environmental monitoring; Topography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of artificial intelligence and computer-based methods to predicting chemical toxicity AN - 17601059; 4680113 AB - The toxicity prediction problem lies squarely at the interface of biology, chemistry and computational domains and will require the integrated application of knowledge and approaches from each domain for its solution. It is not a single modeling problem, but rather multiple levels of modeling compartments derived from the goals of toxicity risk assessment. These compartments include different categories and characteristics of toxicity (e.g., cancer vs. non-cancer, acute vs. delayed) and, therein, different levels of biofunctional organization and multiple mechanisms of toxicity extending to the level of individual chemical structures. A toxicity prediction model should strive to resolve the global toxicity prediction problem to local modeling compartments that reflect coherent biofunctional mechanisms and common modes of action while retaining some level of useful generalizations. This paper attempts to use these general concepts to frame the challenges and opportunities for application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and computer-based methods to the goal of chemical toxicity prediction. JF - Knowledge Engineering Review AU - Richard, MA AD - Maildrop 68, National Health & Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, richard.ann@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 307 EP - 317 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0269-8889, 0269-8889 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Toxicity KW - Computer applications KW - Chemical pollution KW - Toxicity testing KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17601059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Knowledge+Engineering+Review&rft.atitle=Application+of+artificial+intelligence+and+computer-based+methods+to+predicting+chemical+toxicity&rft.au=Richard%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Knowledge+Engineering+Review&rft.issn=02698889&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0269888999004038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Toxicity; Computer applications; Artificial intelligence; Chemical pollution; Toxicity testing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0269888999004038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land Treatment of PAH-Contaminated Soil: Performance Measured by Chemical and Toxicity Assays AN - 17596464; 4694575 AB - The performance of a soil remediation process can be determined by measuring the reduction in target soil contaminant concentrations and by assessing the treatment's ability to lower soil toxicity. Land treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil from a former wood-treating site was simulated at pilot scale in temperature-controlled soil pans. Nineteen two- through six-ring PAHs were monitored with time (initial total PAHs = 2800 mg/kg). Twenty-five weeks of treatment yielded a final total PAH level of 1160 mg/kg. Statistically significant decreases in concentrations were seen in total, two-, three-, and four-ring PAHs. Carcinogenic and five- and six-ring PAHs showed no significant change in concentration. Land treatment resulted in significant toxicity reduction based on root elongation, Allium chromosomal aberration, and solid-phase Microtox bioassays. Acute toxicity, as measured by the earthworm survival assay, was significantly reduced and completely removed. The Ames spiral plate mutagenicity assay revealed that the untreated soil was slightly mutagenic and that treatment may have reduced mutagenicity. The variety of results generated from the chemical and toxicity assays emphasize the need for conducting a battery of such tests to fully understand soil remediation processes. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Sayles, G D AU - Acheson, C M AU - Kupferle, MJ AU - Shan, Y AU - Zhou, Q AU - Meier, J R AU - Chang, L AU - Brenner, R C AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory and National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA, sayles.gregory@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 01 SP - 4310 EP - 4317 VL - 33 IS - 23 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - remediation KW - earthworms KW - Microtox KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Mutagenicity KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Toxicity KW - Ames test KW - Mutagenicity testing KW - Oligochaeta KW - Soil pollution KW - Bioassays KW - Toxicity testing KW - Land reclamation KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17596464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Land+Treatment+of+PAH-Contaminated+Soil%3A+Performance+Measured+by+Chemical+and+Toxicity+Assays&rft.au=Sayles%2C+G+D%3BAcheson%2C+C+M%3BKupferle%2C+MJ%3BShan%2C+Y%3BZhou%2C+Q%3BMeier%2C+J+R%3BChang%2C+L%3BBrenner%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Sayles&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=4310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9810181 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oligochaeta; Soil remediation; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Toxicity; Bioassays; Chromosome aberrations; Mutagenicity; Land reclamation; Soil pollution; Toxicity testing; Ames test; Mutagenicity testing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9810181 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method for quantifying the fate of petroleum in the environment AN - 17579735; 4651525 AB - Petroleum is a complex mixture of a wide range of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon compounds of various physical and chemical properties. In recent years, the research on the fate of petroleum in the environment has required analytical methods that can provide more detailed information on the components of petroleum than traditional standard methods. The analytical method presented for aqueous, sediment, and soil samples provides several levels of information on petroleum in the environment. The Total Extractable Materials (TEM) analysis provides a gross measure of petroleum in the environment using methylene chloride extraction and gravimetric analysis. Gross composition analysis separates the methylene chloride extract into a saturate hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, and a polar fraction each measured gravimetrically. In contrast, the target compound analysis provides a detailed measure by GC-MS of 62 specific compounds. Normalization to the conservative compound, 17 alpha ,21 beta -(H)Hopane, is incorporated into the method to reduce the effects of sample and site heterogeneity. Quality control and quality assurance procedures are integral parts of these analyses to assure the validity of the resulting data. A sample data set from a biological augmentation product evaluation was used only to illustrate the interpretation of the petroleum chemistry. In this example, conclusions were dependent on the criteria for evaluating the fate of petroleum. As the product evaluation progressed through the petroleum chemistry method, the conclusion on the their effectiveness changed. Therefore, proper interpretation of the petroleum chemistry, which is dependent on the method, is necessary to correctly evaluate the fate of petroleum in the environment. JF - Chemosphere AU - Mills, MA AU - McDonald, T J AU - Bonner, J S AU - Simon, MA AU - Autenrieth, R L AD - Oakridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268 Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 2563 EP - 2582 VL - 39 IS - 14 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - methylene chloride KW - Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Sediment pollution KW - Pollution detection KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Soil contamination KW - Chemical Properties KW - Pollution surveys KW - Water pollution KW - Gravimetric analysis KW - Analytical Methods KW - Quality control KW - Petroleum KW - Analytical techniques KW - Oil pollution KW - Oil Pollution KW - Quality Control KW - Chemical analysis KW - O 4095:Instruments/Methods KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17579735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Method+for+quantifying+the+fate+of+petroleum+in+the+environment&rft.au=Mills%2C+MA%3BMcDonald%2C+T+J%3BBonner%2C+J+S%3BSimon%2C+MA%3BAutenrieth%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0045-6535%2899%2900163-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution detection; Hydrocarbons; Petroleum; Analytical techniques; Pollution dispersion; Oil pollution; Chemical analysis; Pollution surveys; Environmental monitoring; Sediment pollution; Gravimetric analysis; Quality control; Soil contamination; Water pollution; Analytical Methods; Fate of Pollutants; Chemical Properties; Oil Pollution; Quality Control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00163-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of land use and land cover data in watersheds of the Mid-Atlantic region, USA AN - 17501989; 4690781 AB - We compared different sources of land use/land cover data using the percentages of forest, agriculture, urban, and mined lands in approximately 400 watersheds of the U.S. Mid-Atlantic region. The primary data sources were digital Land Use/Land Cover maps (LULC) from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and data derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery obtained by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium and interpreted at the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (version 2). The latter is referred to as MRLC-TM. We also used aerial photographs (AP), topographic maps, field comments, and qualitative watershed assessments as ancillary information. The LULC and MRLC-TM data differed in age, source material, classifications, format (vector vs. raster), and resolution. However, Pearson correlation coefficients between LULC and MRLC-TM were high for broad (composite) forest, agriculture, and urban categories (0.95, 0.96, and 0.92, respectively). Correspondence varied by forest type and by percentage. Where deciduous forests comprised less than 50% of the watershed, MRLC-TM data depicted greater amounts than did LULC, while the reverse was true where deciduous forests were dominant. Agriculture and forest percentages were inversely related in all cases. Urban land percentages were consistently lower for MRLC-TM than LULC. Relatively few watersheds contained strip mines, quarries, or gravel pits and the MRLC-TM vs. LULC relationship was weak (correlation coefficient = 0.41). Detection of reclaimed mines seemed problematic for LULC and MRLC-TM, but these were readily discerned on AP. A single "snapshot" of land cover data will inadequately characterize a watershed if rapid landscape changes occur (e.g., forest clearcuts). Each data type has strengths and weaknesses, depending on a study's objectives, but individual limitations may be alleviated by using multiple data sources. JF - Environmental Practice AU - Johnson, C B AU - Weaver, G W AU - Larsen, D P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, cjohnson@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 209 EP - 226 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1466-0466, 1466-0466 KW - USGS KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic region KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Land Use KW - Correlation Coefficient KW - Comparison Studies KW - Urban Areas KW - Mineral Industry KW - Forests KW - Watersheds KW - Data Interpretation KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17501989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Practice&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+land+use+and+land+cover+data+in+watersheds+of+the+Mid-Atlantic+region%2C+USA&rft.au=Leggett%2C+J&rft.aulast=Leggett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environment&rft.issn=0958305X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land Use; Correlation Coefficient; Watersheds; Forests; Comparison Studies; Data Interpretation; Agriculture; Urban Areas; Mineral Industry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking Juvenile Fish and Their Habitats: An Example From Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island AN - 17499899; 4692163 AB - We used two methods and existing field survey data to link juvenile fish and their habitats. The first method used seine survey data collected monthly from July to October 1988-1996 at fixed stations in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Thirteen fish species making up 1% or more of the catch were analyzed by principal components analysis for two time periods: July-August and September-October. The stations were then plotted by their principal component scores to identify station groupings and habitat types. The second method used environmental data collected in July and August 1996 at the established survey stations in a principal components analysis. The stations and 13 most abundant species were plotted by principal components scores resulting from the environmental data. For the environmental data, the first two principal components explained 59% of the variance. The first principal component described the amount of energy shaping the habitat and was positively correlated with salinity, dissolved oxygen, current flow, and slope, and negatively correlated with silt. The second component was positively correlated with depth and silt, and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen. The environmental data grouped the stations according to their distance from the ocean and three habitat types emerged. The uppermost station was a silty barren having low salinities and dissolved oxygen. Three other stations grouped together as low energy, protected habitats with sandy substrates. Lower bay stations had higher salinities, higher dissolved oxygen, higher flow rates, greater slopes, and larger size substrates, mostly cobble and gravel. Results from the fish data grouped the stations similarly. Combining results from both datasets revealed the uppermost station had the highest catches, most species, and greatest number of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) juveniles. Plots of winter flounder catches with principal component scores from the environmental data indicated the winter flounder distribution in the bay has shrunk from baywide to mostly the upper estuary near their primary spawning grounds. Results illustrate the value of coupling historic fish survey data with environmental measurements for identifying previously undervalued habitats important to fish. JF - Estuaries AU - Meng, L AU - Powell, J C AD - Atlantic Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, meng.lesa@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 905 EP - 916 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - Juveniles KW - USA, Rhode Island KW - USA, Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay KW - juveniles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Ecological distribution KW - Principal Component Analysis KW - Dissolved Oxygen KW - Brackish KW - Surveys KW - Habitat preferences KW - Habitat KW - Environmental factors KW - Fishery resources KW - Pisces KW - Salinity KW - Flow Rates KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Marine environment KW - Pseudopleuronectes americanus KW - Energy KW - Correlation Analysis KW - ANW, USA, Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay KW - Juvenile Growth Stage KW - Environmental conditions KW - Bays KW - Abiotic factors KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - SW 6090:Fisheries engineering KW - Q1 08341:General KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17499899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Linking+Juvenile+Fish+and+Their+Habitats%3A+An+Example+From+Narragansett+Bay%2C+Rhode+Island&rft.au=Meng%2C+L%3BPowell%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Meng&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecological distribution; Habitat; Environmental conditions; Environmental factors; Fishery resources; Abiotic factors; Marine environment; Habitat preferences; Salinity; Flow Rates; Aquatic Habitats; Energy; Principal Component Analysis; Dissolved Oxygen; Correlation Analysis; Surveys; Juvenile Growth Stage; Bays; Pisces; Pseudopleuronectes americanus; ANW, USA, Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying a correction factor to the IPCC default methodology for estimating national methane emissions from solid waste disposal sites AN - 17499437; 4690582 AB - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1996 Revised Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories proposes two methodologies for estimating methane emissions from solid waste disposal sites (SWDS): (1) the mass-balance method; and (2) the first-order kinetics method. This first method is the default methodology and is the easiest method to apply for estimating country-specific methane emissions and requires the least amount of data. Alternatively, the second method is more complex and requires more information than the first method. As many countries do not have detailed information on solid waste disposal practices, it is anticipated that most countries use and will continue to use the mass-balance approach for estimating time-series of methane emissions. The mass-balance approach uses an assumption regarding annual waste disposal that can overestimate methane emissions. In this paper a correction factor is presented for adjusting the mass-balance approach to account for non-steady state conditions in annual waste disposal. Use of such a correction factor results in estimates that approach those generated by more complex methods. In summary, the analysis performed indicates that the modified approach typically results in more than a 20% reduction in the methane emissions inventory and methane emissions that are within the range of estimates based on the more complex first-order kinetics approach. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Irving, W AU - Woodbury, J AU - Gibbs, M AU - Pape, D AU - Bakshi, V AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Division, Washington DC, USA, irving.william@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 459 EP - 464 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Methane KW - Emission control KW - Solid wastes KW - International agreements KW - Emission inventories KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Greenhouse gases KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17499437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Laboratory+and+field+pilot+evaluation+of+co-metabolic+bioventing+for+the+remediation+of+soil+contaminated+with+trichloroethene+%28TCE%29+and+trichloroethane+%28TCA%29&rft.au=Morgan%2C+P%3BSayles%2C+G+D%3BMoser%2C+L+E%3BGannon%2C+D+J%3BKampbell%2C+D+H%3BFranz%2C+T%3BVogel%2C+C+M%3BMajor%2C+D+W%3BBell%2C+M+J%3BHolmes%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1187&rft.isbn=0727726757&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - International agreements; Methane; Solid wastes; Waste disposal sites; Emission inventories; Emission control; Greenhouse gases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3070.1999.00076.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological interactions of chlorpyrifos and methyl mercury in the amphiphod, Hyalella azteca AN - 17495865; 4689313 AB - The mechanism of interaction between chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide, and methyl mercury, an organometal, was assessed utilizing the amphipod, Hyalella azteca. Previous studies have demonstrated that chlorpyrifos and methyl mercury interact additively, with survival as the endpoint. In addition, exposure to chlorpyrifos and methyl mercury increased the accumulation and decreased the elimination of methyl mercury. To elucidate the mechanism responsible for these interactions, biochemical mechanisms indicative of chlorpyrifos and methyl mercury toxicity were assessed in H. azteca. Biochemical endpoints that were evaluated include the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme and indicators of oxidative stress such as glutathione-S-transferase activity, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and glutathione content. Methyl mercury antagonized the effects of chlorpyrifos in vivo on acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Methyl mercury did not induce oxidative damage; however, chlorpyrifos decreased glutathione-S-transferase activity. Additional studies demonstrated that methyl mercury did not affect the in vitro bioactivation of chlorpyrifos or the subsequent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity. Chemical-chemical interactions were examined utilizing chromatographic techniques. Results of thin layer chromatography suggested the formation of a chlorpyrifos-methyl mercury complex. The formation of this complex may result in increased accumulation of methyl mercury, apparent additive toxicity, and protection against chlorpyrifos mediated acetylcholinesterase inhibition. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Steevens, JA AU - Benson, W H AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, benson.william@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 168 EP - 177 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - dimethylmercury KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Hyalella azteca KW - Pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Insecticides KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - Heavy metals KW - Mercury KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17495865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Toxicological+interactions+of+chlorpyrifos+and+methyl+mercury+in+the+amphiphod%2C+Hyalella+azteca&rft.au=Steevens%2C+JA%3BBenson%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Steevens&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hyalella azteca; Pesticides (organophosphorus); Insecticides; Chlorpyrifos; Heavy metals; Mercury; Bioaccumulation; Acetylcholinesterase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A field study with genetically engineered alfalfa inoculated with recombinant Sinorhizobium meliloti: effects on the soil ecosystem AN - 17482833; 4675115 AB - 1. A field study using transgenic plants with associated recombinant micro-organisms was conducted to assess the potential effects of genetically engineered organisms on soil ecosystems. Three genotypes of alfalfa plants (parental, transgenic alpha -amylase-producing and transgenic lignin peroxidase-producing) were planted in an agricultural field plot. Immediately prior to planting, the roots of the alfalfa plants were left uninoculated or were inoculated with a wild-type strain (PC), a recombinant strain with antibiotic resistances (RMB7201), or a recombinant strain with antibiotic resistances and enhanced nitrogen-fixation capability (RMBPC-2), of Sinorhizobium meliloti. 2. Analyses of the alfalfa plants and field plot soil were made over two growing seasons and included: metabolic fingerprints and DNA fingerprints of soil bacterial communities; soil microbial respiration; population counts of indigenous soil bacteria, fungi, nematodes, protozoa and micro-arthropods; identification of nematodes and micro-arthropods; plant shoot weight and chemistries; and soil chemistries and enzyme activities. 3. The lignin peroxidase transgenic plants had significantly lower shoot weight, and higher nitrogen and phosphorus content, than the parental or transgenic amylase plants. Distinct metabolic fingerprints, based on patterns of substrate utilization in Biolog plates, were exhibited by the soil bacterial communities associated with the three alfalfa genotypes, and those for the lignin peroxidase plants were the most unique. Significantly higher population levels of culturable, aerobic sporeforming and cellulose-utilizing bacteria, lower activity of the soil enzymes dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, and higher soil pH levels, were also associated with the lignin peroxidase transgenic plants. Significantly higher population levels of culturable, aerobic spore-forming bacteria were also measured in the treatments containing the recombinant RMBPC-2 S. meliloti. 4. Population levels of protozoa, nematodes and micro-arthropods, DNA fingerprints of indigenous soil bacteria, and rates of microbial substrate-induced respiration were not significantly affected by the transgenic alfalfa and recombinant S. meliloti treatments. JF - Journal of Applied Ecology AU - Donegan, K K AU - Seidler, R J AU - Doyle, J D AU - Porteous, LA AU - Digiovanni, G AU - Widmer, F AU - Watrud, L S AD - Dynamac Corporation, Environmental Protection Agency, ManTech Environmental Research Services Corporation, National Research Council, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, kellyd@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 920 EP - 936 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8901, 0021-8901 KW - Alfalfa KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - Genetic engineering KW - Soil fauna KW - Sinorhizobium meliloti KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Medicago sativa KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17482833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.atitle=A+field+study+with+genetically+engineered+alfalfa+inoculated+with+recombinant+Sinorhizobium+meliloti%3A+effects+on+the+soil+ecosystem&rft.au=Donegan%2C+K+K%3BSeidler%2C+R+J%3BDoyle%2C+J+D%3BPorteous%2C+LA%3BDigiovanni%2C+G%3BWidmer%2C+F%3BWatrud%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Donegan&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.issn=00218901&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2664.1999.00448.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sinorhizobium meliloti; Medicago sativa; Genetic engineering; Agricultural ecosystems; Antibiotic resistance; Nitrogen fixation; Soil fauna; Soil microorganisms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00448.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The 25 super(th) anniversary of the Safe Drinking Water Act AN - 17464247; 4671464 AB - These 25 years of progress have involved a national, collaborative effort that has included drinking water professionals such as yourselves, every level of government, citizens groups, thousands of communities across the country, and the work of millions of individual Americans. That national effort has given us something we can truly celebrate -- we can turn on our taps with the assurance that our drinking water is safer than ever before. JF - Journal of New England Water Works Association AU - Dougherty, C C AD - Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, USEPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 282 EP - 283 VL - 113 IS - 4 SN - 0028-4939, 0028-4939 KW - SDWA KW - USA KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water supplies (Potable) KW - Legislation (on water supplies) KW - Potable Water KW - Safety KW - Federal Jurisdiction KW - Drinking Water KW - History KW - Legislation (on drinking water) KW - Legislation KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17464247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=The+25+super%28th%29+anniversary+of+the+Safe+Drinking+Water+Act&rft.au=Dougherty%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=00284939&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Legislation; Federal Jurisdiction; History; Drinking Water; Potable Water; Safety; USA; Legislation (on water supplies); Legislation (on drinking water); Water supplies (Potable) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of the seven-day toxicity test with Americamysis bahia (formerly Mysidopsis bahia) AN - 17463103; 4664959 AB - The 7-d test measuring survival, growth, and fecundity of Americamysis bahia (formerly Mysidopsis bahia) was developed for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and associated receiving waters for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits. Currently, this test and its derivatives are also used in toxicity identification evaluation (TIE), risk assessment, and other applications. To evaluate the relative sensitivity of three measurement endopoints (survival, growth, and fecundity), we analyzed results from 115 tests with effluents, organic or inorganic chemicals, and receiving waters suspected of being toxic. Controls for 78 of these (68%) achieved acceptable survival and growth. Fifty of these 78 tests (64%, i.e., 43% of the total tests) also achieved acceptable control fecundity. In the 47 tests with significant effects, survival was the most sensitive response in 57%, fecundity in 30%, and growth in 30%. There was little duplication in responses. Improving pretest holding conditions by decreasing the maximum density from similar to 20 to 10 animals/L and increasing the temperature from similar to 26 degree C to a range of 26 to 27 degree C improved the growth and fecundity in controls. Although the percentage of tests achieving acceptable control survival ( greater than or equal to 80%) and growth ( greater than or equal to 0.20 mg) decreased from 93 to 86%, the percentage achieving acceptable fecundity in controls ( greater than or equal to 50%) increased from 60 to 97%. Seasonal differences in fecundity were detected among control groups. Although variable, fecundity is often the most sensitive measure of response. The 7-d mysid test estimates the chronic toxicity of effluents most effectively when all three endpoints are used. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Lussier, S M AU - Kuhn, A AU - Comeleo, R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, lussier.suzanne@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 2888 EP - 2893 VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Americamysis bahia KW - chronic toxicity KW - fecundity KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Mysidopsis bahia KW - Fertility KW - Toxicity tests KW - Growth KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Permits KW - Chemical pollution KW - Bioindicators KW - Mortality KW - Toxicity KW - Effluents KW - Pollution surveys KW - Water pollution KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Fecundity KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Wastewater discharges KW - Wastewater Disposal KW - Toxicity testing KW - Indicator species KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17463103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+the+seven-day+toxicity+test+with+Americamysis+bahia+%28formerly+Mysidopsis+bahia%29&rft.au=Lussier%2C+S+M%3BKuhn%2C+A%3BComeleo%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lussier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2888&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fecundity; Bioaccumulation; Pollution surveys; Toxicity tests; Indicator species; Waste disposal sites; Chemical pollution; Toxicity testing; Water pollution; Chemicals; Mortality; Fertility; Growth; Wastewater discharges; Permits; Effluents; Bioindicators; Water Pollution Effects; Wastewater Disposal; Toxicity; Mysidopsis bahia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating perturbations and developing restoration strategies for inland wetlands in the Great Lakes basin AN - 17462446; 4670437 AB - Wetland coverage and type distributions vary systematically by ecoregion across the Great Lakes Basin. Land use and subsequent changes in wetland type distributions also vary among ecoregions. Incidence of wetland disturbance varies significantly within ecoregions but tends to increase from north to south with intensity of land use. Although the nature of disturbance activities varies by predominant land-use type, mechanisms of impact and potential response endpoints appear to be similar across agricultural and urban areas. Based on the proportion of associated disturbance activities and proportion response endpoints affected, the highest ranking mechanisms of impact are sedimentation/turbidity, retention time, eutrophication, and changes in hydrologic timing. Disturbance activities here are defined as events that cause wetland structure or function to vary outside of a normal range, while stressors represent the individual internal or external agents (causes) that act singly or in combination to impair one or more wetland functions. Responses most likely associated with disturbance activities based on shared mechanisms of impact are 1) shifts in plant species composition, 2) reduction in wildlife production, 3) decreased local or regional biodiversity, 4) reduction in fish and/or other secondary production, 5) increased flood peaks/frequency, 6) increased aboveground production, 7) decreased water quality downstream, and 8) loss of aquatic plant species with high light compensation points. General strategies and goals for wetland restoration can be derived at the ecoregion scale using information on current and historic wetland extent and type distributions and the distribution of special-concern species dependent on specific wetland types or mosaics of habitat types. Restoration of flood-control and water-quality improvement functions will require estimates of wetland coverage relative to total land area or specific land uses (e.g., deforestation, urbanization) at the watershed scale. The high incidence of disturbance activities in the more developed southern ecoregions of both Canada and the U.S. is reflected in the loss of species across all wetland types. The species data here suggest that an effective regional strategy must include restoration of a diversity of wetland types, including the rarer wetland types (wet meadows, fens), as well as forested swamps, which were extensive historically. The prevalence of anthropogenic stresses and openwater habitats likely contributes to the concentration of exotic species in inland wetlands of the southern Great Lakes ecoregions. Vegetation removal and site disturbance are the best- documented causes for plant invasions, and encroachment activities are common in marshes and ponds of the southern ecoregions. JF - Wetlands AU - Detenbeck, N E AU - Galatowitsch, S M AU - Atkinson, J AU - Ball, H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 789 EP - 820 PB - Society of Wetlands Scientists, Box 1897 Lawrence KS 66044 USA VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - land restoration KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Management KW - Land KW - Eutrophication KW - Freshwater KW - Exotic Species KW - Hydrology KW - Wetlands KW - Land Reclamation KW - Sedimentation KW - Land reclamation KW - Land restoration KW - Water Quality KW - Vegetation KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Land use KW - Nature conservation KW - Environmental restoration KW - Disturbance KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17462446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Evaluating+perturbations+and+developing+restoration+strategies+for+inland+wetlands+in+the+Great+Lakes+basin&rft.au=Detenbeck%2C+N+E%3BGalatowitsch%2C+S+M%3BAtkinson%2C+J%3BBall%2C+H&rft.aulast=Detenbeck&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eutrophication; Nature conservation; Hydrology; Wetlands; Land use; Ecosystem disturbance; Environmental restoration; Disturbance; Land restoration; Land; Vegetation; Sedimentation; Land reclamation; Water quality (Natural waters); Land Management; Exotic Species; Water Quality; Land Reclamation; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thyroidal status of mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a polluted versus a reference habitat AN - 17457472; 4664949 AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) collected from Piles Creek (PC), New Jersey, USA (a site polluted with heavy metals and organic materials), were sluggish and showed poorer prey capture and predator avoidance than those from a reference site (Tuckerton [TK], NJ, USA). We hypothesized that the behavioral dysfunction of the PC fish might be associated with thyroid impairment due to toxic exposures. In this preliminary study, we compared thyroid histology and thyroid hormones in the two populations and experimentally determined whether a polluted or an unpolluted environment could alter levels of thyroid hormones. In comparison to TK, PC fish had larger thyroid follicles and greater follicle epithelial cell heights and also contained significantly higher plasma thyroxine (T4) levels. However, no significant differences were found in levels of either plasma or tissue triiodothyronine (T3). The TK fish raised in a simulated PC environment contained higher plasma T4 and lower plasma T3 levels than those sampled from the field. The PC fish raised in clean water showed a reduction in both plasma T4 and T3 levels in comparison to field-sampled fish. In either case, no significant difference was found in tissue T3 content. The contaminants in PC may cause the differences in thyroid structure and function, which may be partly responsible for the behavioral differences between fish from the polluted PC and from the reference TK. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Zhou, T AU - John-Alder, H B AU - Weis, P AU - Weis, J S AD - Neurotoxicology Division, MD-74B, NHEERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, zhou.tong@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 2817 EP - 2823 VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Fundulus heteroclitus KW - Mummichog KW - USA, New Jersey, Piles Creek KW - hormones KW - liothyronine KW - thyroid KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Heavy metals KW - Predation KW - Histopathology KW - Pollution effects KW - Thyroid hormone KW - Predators KW - Freshwater KW - Hormones KW - Pisces KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Thyroxine KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Protective behaviour KW - Thyroid KW - Habitat KW - Heavy Metals KW - Fish Physiology KW - Behavior KW - Histology KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Fish KW - Organic Compounds KW - Organic compounds KW - Polluted environments KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17457472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=The+ad+hoc+international+working+group+on+contaminated+land&rft.au=Visser%2C+W+J+F%3BSkovgaard%2C+I+M%3BHoppener%2C+C&rft.aulast=Visser&rft.aufirst=W+J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=0727726757&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding behaviour; Heavy metals; Thyroid; Protective behaviour; Pollution effects; Histopathology; Predators; Hormones; Thyroxine; Thyroid hormone; Organic compounds; Polluted environments; Freshwater pollution; Pisces; Aquatic organisms; Histology; Behavior; Predation; Habitat; Water Pollution Effects; Fish; Organic Compounds; Fish Physiology; Heavy Metals; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diatom communities as ecological indicators of recovery in restored prairie wetlands AN - 17456424; 4670435 AB - Diatoms were employed to assess the recovery of northern prairie wetlands restored after drainage. We predicted that diatom species diversity and equitability are lower in restored wetlands than in reference wetlands and that diatom communities are similar among reference wetlands because communities should be relatively stable over time. Conversely, we predicted that diatom communities in restored and reference wetlands differ because species recovery after restoration may be incomplete or unattainable depending on environmental conditions or dispersal limits. Eight undisturbed, unrestored (reference) wetlands were compared to eight wetlands restored after drainage. Diatom communities on artificial substrates were transplanted from restored to reference wetlands and vice versa to test for environmental control and dispersal limits to community composition. Species richness was similar at restored and reference wetlands. Diversity and equitability at restored and reference sites were similar within a sampling period, but diversity and equitability decreased over the growing season in reference sites. Based on multidimensional scaling analyses, restored and reference sites could not be distinguished by species composition either early or late in the season. Transplanted diatom community assemblages became similar to those in the wetlands to which they were transferred, suggesting a strong environmental control over diatom assemblages. Diatoms, as a whole, responded rapidly to environmental conditions; yet, dispersal still may limit some species' re-establishment, while resistance to disturbance may produce little response among other diatom species. Diatoms may have limited utility as ecological indicators in prairie wetlands because of the unique interaction between diatom life history and the cyclic hydrology of prairie wetlands and because diatom community structure is highly variable among reference wetlands. JF - Wetlands AU - Mayer, P M AU - Galatowitsch, S M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA, mayer.paul@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 765 EP - 774 PB - Society of Wetlands Scientists, Box 1897 Lawrence KS 66044 USA VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - northern prairie wetlands KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Management KW - Algae (Diatoms) KW - Land KW - Environmental Quality KW - Bacillariophyceae KW - Diatoms KW - Species Diversity KW - Freshwater KW - Restoration KW - Ecosystem management KW - Hydrology KW - Wetlands KW - Drainage KW - Environmental quality standards KW - USA KW - Community composition KW - Species diversity KW - Environmental restoration KW - Environment management KW - Indicator species KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08221:General KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - D 04715:Reclamation KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17456424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Diatom+communities+as+ecological+indicators+of+recovery+in+restored+prairie+wetlands&rft.au=Mayer%2C+P+M%3BGalatowitsch%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Species diversity; Ecosystem management; Hydrology; Wetlands; Environment management; Indicator species; Restoration; Environmental restoration; Diatoms; Algae (Diatoms); Land; Drainage; Environmental quality standards; Land Management; Environmental Quality; Species Diversity; Bacillariophyceae; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid aerosols in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan area AN - 17438056; 4656946 AB - This article presents data on ambient concentrations of selected acidic aerosols at four existing monitoring sites in the Pittsburgh PA metropolitan area. The data were collected by staff of the Allegheny County Health Department, Division of Air Quality during the summer and fall of 1993. The sampling protocol was focused on obtaining 24 h-average ammonia, ammonium, acidic sulfates, and particle strong acids data on a 2 to 3 day cycle. The data were obtained using Harvard University School of Public Health's "Short-HEADS' annular denuder sampling train. The Pittsburgh area is of interest because it is downwind of a major regional source of sulfur and nitrogen emissions from coal-burning power plants: the Ohio River Valley. The data presented here indicate that ground-level concentrations of acidic aerosols in Pittsburgh are highly correlated spatially and that many pollutants are higher on days when ground-level wind direction vectors indicate that wind is coming from the southwest rather than from the Pittsburgh source area itself. The monitoring site that is most upwind of the Pittsburgh source area - South Fayette - has particle strong acid levels about twice those of sites closer in to the Pittsburgh central business district. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - McCurdy, T AU - Zelenka, M P AU - Lawrence, P M AU - Houston, R M AU - Burton, R AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory (MD-56), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 5133 EP - 5145 VL - 33 IS - 30 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Sulfur KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Aerosols KW - Combustion products KW - Power plants KW - Acidity KW - Nitrogen KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17438056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Acid+aerosols+in+the+Pittsburgh+Metropolitan+area&rft.au=McCurdy%2C+T%3BZelenka%2C+M+P%3BLawrence%2C+P+M%3BHouston%2C+R+M%3BBurton%2C+R&rft.aulast=McCurdy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=30&rft.spage=5133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Air pollution: Placing atmospheric environment in a regional context. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosols; Acidity; Power plants; Pollution monitoring; Combustion products; Sulfur; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloud chemistry in the eastern United States, as sampled from three high-elevation sites along the Appalachian Mountains AN - 17433148; 4656943 AB - Atmospheric deposition of acidic cloud water is thought to be one of the causes for the recent forest decline in industrialized areas of the world. The present paper presents results from the Mountain Acid Deposition Program (MADPro), a part of EPA's Clean Air Status and Trends Network, (CASTnet). We used automated cloud water collectors at three selected mountain sites (Whiteface Mt., NY; Whitetop Mt., VA; and Clingman's Dome, TN) to take hourly samples from non-precipitating clouds during temperate (non-freezing) seasons of each year from 1994 to 1997. Samples were promptly analyzed for pH, conductivity, and concentration of dissolved ions. Cloud liquid water content (LWC) and meteorological parameters were measured at each site. Mean cloud frequencies and LWC of clouds were higher at Whiteface Mt., NY, than in the Southern Appalachians. The four most prevalent ions found in cloud water samples were usually, in order of decreasing concentration: sulfate (SO sub(4) super(2-)) hydrogen (H super(+)), ammonium (NH sub(4) super(+)), and nitrate (NO sub(3) super(-)). Within cloud events the concentration of these major ions tended to co-vary. Typically there was an inverse relationship between LWC of the cloud and ionic concentration of the cloud water. During the sampling season, the highest ionic concentrations were seen during mid-summer. Ionic concentrations of samples from the southern sites were significantly higher than samples from Whiteface Mt., but further analysis indicates that this is at least partially due to the north-south difference in the LWC of clouds. MADPro results are shown to be comparable with previous studies of cloud chemistry in North America. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Anderson, J B AU - Baumgardner, R E AU - Mohnen, V A AU - Bowser, J J AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 5105 EP - 5114 VL - 33 IS - 30 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, Eastern KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Acid rain KW - Pollution effects KW - Forests KW - Mountains KW - Air pollution KW - Pollutant deposition KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Cloud+chemistry+in+the+eastern+United+States%2C+as+sampled+from+three+high-elevation+sites+along+the+Appalachian+Mountains&rft.au=Anderson%2C+J+B%3BBaumgardner%2C+R+E%3BMohnen%2C+V+A%3BBowser%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=30&rft.spage=5105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2899%2900193-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Air pollution: Placing atmospheric environment in a regional context. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acid rain; Air pollution; Pollutant deposition; Forests; Mountains; Pollution effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00193-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Topical exposure of the eyes to the organophosphorus insecticide malathion: Lack of visual effects AN - 17414117; 4639935 AB - Concern for toxicity following exposure to organophosphorus insecticides led us to investigate whether topical application of either malathion or malathion mixed in a protein bait as used for aerial spray applications could be toxic to the ocular/visual system. Adult male Long-Evans rats were either untreated or treated with malathion alone (two drops per day in each eye), bait alone (six drops per day in each eye) or malathion and bait (six drops per day in each eye). The dose levels of malathion alone and malathion and bait were chosen based on pilot work and provided approximately equivalent amounts of active ingredient. The rats were treated 5 days a week for 4 weeks. During the final week of treatment, the rats were implanted surgically with cranial recording electrodes overlying the visual projection area of the cerebral cortex. Visual pattern-evoked potentials (PEPs) were elicited with vertical sinusoidal gratings at three levels of stimulus spatial frequency (0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 cycles per degree) and three levels of visual contrast (0.15, 0.30 and 0.60). After spectral analysis of the PEP waveforms, the amplitude and phase at the stimulus rate (F1) and the first harmonic (F2) were determined. Although F1 and F2 parameters were influenced significantly by manipulation of the stimulus parameters, no significant differences were observed that could be attributed to treatment with the test substances. In addition, an ophthalmological examination of the eyes and a light microscopic evaluation of ocular tissues, including retina and optic nerve, revealed no treatment-related lesions. The dose levels used in this study were high - approximately 84000 times the exposure per unit surface area expected from aerial spraying - and yet the visual function of the treated subjects was apparently normal. This study identified no significant toxicological concerns regarding direct ocular contact exposure to malathion. JF - Journal of Applied Toxicology AU - Boyes, W K AU - Hunter, E AU - Gary, C AU - Jensen, K AU - Peiffer, R L AD - MD-74B, Neurotoxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 473 EP - 483 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - topical application KW - visual pattern-evoked potentials KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Retina KW - Eye KW - Malathion KW - Optic nerve KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Sprays KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17414117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Topical+exposure+of+the+eyes+to+the+organophosphorus+insecticide+malathion%3A+Lack+of+visual+effects&rft.au=Boyes%2C+W+K%3BHunter%2C+E%3BGary%2C+C%3BJensen%2C+K%3BPeiffer%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Boyes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1263%28199911%2F12%2919%3A63.3.CO%3B2-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eye; Insecticides; Malathion; Sprays; Risk assessment; Pesticides (organophosphorus); Retina; Optic nerve DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199911/12)19:6<473::AID-JAT602>3.3.CO;2-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaves as an Indicator of Exposure to Airborne Volatile Organic Compounds AN - 17593891; 4669998 AB - The concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in leaves is primarily a product of airborne exposures and dependent upon bioconcentration factors and release rates. The bioconcentration factors for VOCs in grass are found to be related to their partitioning between octanol and air equivalent to a relationship previously determined for PCBs. The rate that leaves release VOCs is dependent upon meteorological conditions and the enthalpy of phase change between air and plant. The enthalpy of phase change ( Delta H sub(PA)) for a compound in leaves is closely related to its enthalpy of vaporization. The BCF and Delta H sub(PA) for a compound vary among plants but are highly correlated to each other. The change in BCF by plant (and correlated change in Delta H sub(PA) is likely due to differences in the amount of octanol-equivalent matter contained in their leaves. The concentration of airborne VOCs is predicted to maximize near dawn simultaneous with natural inversion patterns. A model incorporating this phenomenon with other meteorological data, Delta H sub(PA), and BCF is a useful tool predicting concentrations of VOCs in leaves. Vegetation can be especially useful in capturing VOCs at the critical time that air exposures are greatest. How long a leaf might retain a compound after uptake is dependent on the compound, the leaf type, and the magnitude of the wind and temperature. During calm weather, leaves can be used as a record of these early morning exposures. However, windy conditions quickly clear leaves of their VOC content. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Hiatt, M H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NE 89193-3478, USA, hiatt.mike@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 15 SP - 4126 EP - 4133 VL - 33 IS - 22 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - leaves KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Air pollution KW - Meteorology KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Wind KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17593891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Leaves+as+an+Indicator+of+Exposure+to+Airborne+Volatile+Organic+Compounds&rft.au=Hiatt%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Hiatt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-11-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=4126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes990617k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Bioindicators; Wind; Meteorology; Volatile organic compounds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es990617k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proliferative lesions in swimbladder of Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes and guppy Poecilia reticulata. AN - 69355979; 10598284 AB - Thirteen cases of proliferative lesions of the swimbladder were encountered in Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes and guppy Poecilia reticulata from about 10,000 medaka and 5000 guppies used in carcinogenicity tests and histologically examined. Two of the 4 cases from medaka and 8 of the 9 from guppies occurred in untreated control specimens. The lesions affected the gas gland epithelium and included hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma. One medaka had hyperplasia of the gas gland epithelium and in 1 guppy the gland was enlarged with an increase in the number of epithelial layers. Gas gland adenomas, 3 cases in medaka and 1 in the guppy, were typically larger than the hyperplastic lesions, formed expansive masses up to 1 mm in greatest dimension, and exhibited a solid or glandular growth pattern and mild cellular pleomorphism. Adenocarcinoma was the most advanced lesion and all 7 cases occurred in guppies. Adenocarcinomas sometimes filled the entire swimbladder and measured up to 2.5 mm in diameter. Cells of adenocarcinomas were highly pleomorphic, with atypical nuclei, and an elevated mitotic activity. Because most of these tumors occurred in fish from control groups or in tests with noncarcinogenic compounds, the lesions observed here are probably spontaneous rather than chemically induced. Their rare occurrence, however, makes swimbladder proliferative lesions in small-fish carcinogenesis models sensitive indicators of compounds that might target cells of the gas gland. JF - Diseases of aquatic organisms AU - Fournie, J W AU - Hawkins, W E AU - Walker, W W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, USA. fournie.john@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 08 SP - 135 EP - 142 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0177-5103, 0177-5103 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Adenoma -- veterinary KW - Adenocarcinoma -- epidemiology KW - Adenocarcinoma -- veterinary KW - Hyperplasia -- epidemiology KW - Adenoma -- epidemiology KW - Hyperplasia -- veterinary KW - Adenoma -- pathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Adenocarcinoma -- pathology KW - Oryzias KW - Fish Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Fish Diseases -- pathology KW - Air Sacs -- pathology KW - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Poecilia KW - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69355979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diseases+of+aquatic+organisms&rft.atitle=Proliferative+lesions+in+swimbladder+of+Japanese+medaka+Oryzias+latipes+and+guppy+Poecilia+reticulata.&rft.au=Fournie%2C+J+W%3BHawkins%2C+W+E%3BWalker%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Fournie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-08&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diseases+of+aquatic+organisms&rft.issn=01775103&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: An Integrated Environmental Assessment of the US Mid-Atlantic Region AN - 899160244; 15625045 JF - Environmental Management AU - Wickham, J D AU - Jones, K B AU - Riitters, KH AU - O&aposNeill, RV AU - Tankersley, R D AU - Smith, E R AU - Neale, A C AU - Chaloud, D J AD - US Environmental Protection Agency (MD-56), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA , US Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 553 EP - 560 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic Region KW - environmental assessment KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899160244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=ENVIRONMENTAL+AUDITING%3A+An+Integrated+Environmental+Assessment+of+the+US+Mid-Atlantic+Region&rft.au=Wickham%2C+J+D%3BJones%2C+K+B%3BRiitters%2C+KH%3BO%26amp%3BaposNeill%2C+RV%3BTankersley%2C+R+D%3BSmith%2C+E+R%3BNeale%2C+A+C%3BChaloud%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002679900254 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental assessment; USA, Mid-Atlantic Region DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900254 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurotransmitter levels in two populations of larval Fundulus heteroclitus after methylmercury exposure. AN - 69425327; 10661721 AB - The effects of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on neurotransmitter (NT) levels in larval mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) obtained from a mercury-polluted site (Piles Creek (PC), NJ) and a reference site (Tuckerton (TK), NJ) were examined. Population differences between PC and TK larvae in neurochemical composition and in neurochemical changes in response to MeHg intoxication were found. Heads of untreated PC larvae (7 days posthatch (dph)) contained considerably higher levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) than TK. However, they had comparable levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) and 5-hyroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/5-HT ratios. Changes in NTs with age were noticed, especially in PC larvae. Exposure of larvae to 10 microg/l MeHg induced neurochemical alterations. A significant increase in DA and 5-HT, as well as depressed dopaminergic and serotonergic activity (i.e. decreased DOPAC/DA, HVA/DA and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios) were seen in TK larvae. Exposure of PC larvae to 10 microg/l MeHg reduced 5-HT at 14 dph, increased serotonergic activity at 7 dph, and altered dopaminergic activity (i.e. increased DOPAC/DA ratios, but decreased HVA/DA ratios). Changes in DA levels were inconsistent over time. The DA level, which was considerably higher than the control at 7 dph, was significantly lower than the control at 14 dph. For the two populations, the level of 5-HT and serotonergic activity, as well as DOPAC and HVA levels, were correlated with previously noted spontaneous activity. The changes in NT levels after exposure to MeHg are an indication of neurological dysfunction in larvae. JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part C, Pharmacology, toxicology & endocrinology AU - Zhou, T AU - Rademacher, D J AU - Steinpreis, R E AU - Weis, J S AD - Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA. zhou.tong@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 287 EP - 294 VL - 124 IS - 3 SN - 1367-8280, 1367-8280 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Neurotransmitter Agents KW - Receptors, Dopamine KW - Receptors, Serotonin KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - methylmercuric chloride KW - RWZ4L3O1X0 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Receptors, Serotonin -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Larva -- metabolism KW - Killifishes KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- metabolism KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69425327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+C%2C+Pharmacology%2C+toxicology+%26+endocrinology&rft.atitle=Neurotransmitter+levels+in+two+populations+of+larval+Fundulus+heteroclitus+after+methylmercury+exposure.&rft.au=Zhou%2C+T%3BRademacher%2C+D+J%3BSteinpreis%2C+R+E%3BWeis%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+C%2C+Pharmacology%2C+toxicology+%26+endocrinology&rft.issn=13678280&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-14 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone emissions from a "personal air purifier". AN - 69408075; 10638845 AB - Ozone emissions were measured above a "personal air purifier" (PAP) designed to be worn on a lapel, shirt pocket, or neck strap. The device is being marketed as a negative ion generator that purifies the air. However, it also produces ozone within the person's immediate breathing zone. In order to assess worst-case potential human exposure to ozone at the mouth and nose, we measured ozone concentrations in separate tests at 1, 3, 5, and 6 in. above each of two PAPs in a closed office. One PAP was new, and one had been used slightly for 3 months. Temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, room ozone concentration, and outdoor ozone concentration also were measured concurrently during the tests. Average ozone levels measured directly above the individual PAPs ranged from 65-71 ppb at 6 in. above the device to 268-389 ppb at 1 in. above the device. Ozone emission rates from the PAPs were estimated to be 1.7-1.9 microg/minute. When house dust was sprinkled on the top grid of the PAPs, one showed an initial peak of 522 ppb ozone at 1 in., and then returned to the 200-400 ppb range. Room ozone levels increased by only 0-5 ppb during the tests. Even when two PAPs were left operating over a weekend, room ozone levels did not noticeably increase beyond background room ozone levels. These results indicate that this "PAP," even without significant background ozone, can potentially elevate the user's exposures to ozone levels greater than the health-based air quality standards for outdoor air in California (0.09 ppm, 1-hour average) and the United States (0.08 ppm, 8-hour average). JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Phillips, T J AU - Bloudoff, D P AU - Jenkins, P L AU - Stroud, K R AD - California Air Resources Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, USA. tphillip@arb.ca.gov PY - 1999 SP - 594 EP - 601 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69408075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Ozone+emissions+from+a+%22personal+air+purifier%22.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+T+J%3BBloudoff%2C+D+P%3BJenkins%2C+P+L%3BStroud%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=594&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perinatal exposure to estrogenic compounds and the subsequent effects on the prostate of the adult rat: evaluation of inflammation in the ventral and lateral lobes. AN - 69379532; 10613394 AB - Although the effects of estrogenic compounds administered during the perinatal period on the size and morphology of the prostate have been well documented, the effects of such exposures on inflammatory changes in the prostate have not been well characterized. Since neonatal estradiol exposure has been shown to cause periods of hyperprolactinemia later in life and a relationship exists between high prolactin levels and rat lateral prostate inflammation, we hypothesized that an exposure to environmental compounds with estrogenic activity could result in an increase in lateral prostate inflammation in adulthood. To investigate this possibility and compare differences between estrogen agonists and antagonists, we examined the effect of a perinatal exposure to 17beta-estradiol, the insecticide methoxychlor, the partial estrogen agonist tamoxifen, and the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780. Dams were dosed from gestation day (GD)18 to parturition and then the pups were dosed from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 5 with 0.1 mL of a solution of 0.355 mM and .0178 mM by sc injection, respectively, of all compounds in sesame oil, except for methoxychlor, which was administered only to the dam by gavage from GD 18 through PND 5 at a dose of 50 mg/kg in sesame oil. At 90 d of age, the weight of the lateral and ventral prostate in the estradiol group was significantly decreased. Tamoxifen caused a decrease in the weight of the lateral prostate, whereas the ventral lobe was not affected. ICI 182,780 did not alter prostate weight. The methoxychlor exposure increased the lateral lobe weight, but the ventral lobe weight was not affected. In the estradiol and tamoxifen groups, an inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the ventral prostates in 45.0 and 27.8% of the animals, respectively. There was a significant increase in the percent and severity of inflammation in the lateral prostate (as determined by a myeloperoxidase or neutrophil quantification assay) in the estradiol, tamoxifen, and methoxychlor groups as compared to controls. The ICI group was comparable to the controls in both ventral and lateral lobes. This study demonstrates that perinatal exposure to estrogenic compounds can result in alterations in the size of the adult prostate and increase the incidence of prostatitis. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Stoker, T E AU - Robinette, C L AU - Cooper, R L AD - Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, USA. stoker.tammy@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 463 EP - 472 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Insecticides KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - fulvestrant KW - 22X328QOC4 KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Tamoxifen -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Rabbits KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Aging -- drug effects KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Estradiol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Prostate -- drug effects KW - Methoxychlor -- metabolism KW - Prostatitis -- chemically induced KW - Prostate -- embryology KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- toxicity KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Estradiol -- toxicity KW - Prostate -- pathology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Methoxychlor -- toxicity KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69379532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Perinatal+exposure+to+estrogenic+compounds+and+the+subsequent+effects+on+the+prostate+of+the+adult+rat%3A+evaluation+of+inflammation+in+the+ventral+and+lateral+lobes.&rft.au=Stoker%2C+T+E%3BRobinette%2C+C+L%3BCooper%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Stoker&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of prenatal exposure to TCDD on the promotion of endometriotic lesion growth by TCDD in adult female rats and mice. AN - 69283968; 10568697 AB - Several lines of research led to our hypothesis that perinatal exposure to TCDD may alter the sensitivity of adult rodents to the promotional effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on endometriosis. Pregnant rats and mice were treated on gestation day (GD) 8 with either 1 (rats) or 3 (mice) microg TCDD/kg or vehicle. Female offspring were reared to adulthood, and endometriosis was induced surgically. All animals received 0, 3, or 10 microg TCDD/kg 3 weeks prior to surgery, at the time of surgery, and 3, 6, and 9 weeks after surgery. Necropsies were performed 12 weeks after surgery. Measurements at necropsy included the diameter of endometriotic lesions and body, uterine, ovarian and liver weights. While no effect of treatment on lesion diameter was found in rats, analyses revealed that perinatal plus adult exposure to TCDD can increase the size of endometriotic lesions surgically induced in mice. These and additional data on body and organ weights are consistent with previous work. These data confirm the sensitivity of mice to the promotion of endometriotic lesion growth by TCDD and indicate a perinatal effect of TCDD on this parameter when perinatal exposure on GD8 is supplemented with adult exposure to TCDD of female mice. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Cummings, A M AU - Hedge, J M AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, MD-72, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. cummings.audrey@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 45 EP - 49 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Ovary -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Thymus Gland -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Endometriosis -- chemically induced KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69283968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+prenatal+exposure+to+TCDD+on+the+promotion+of+endometriotic+lesion+growth+by+TCDD+in+adult+female+rats+and+mice.&rft.au=Cummings%2C+A+M%3BHedge%2C+J+M%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal exposure to atrazine during lactation suppresses suckling-induced prolactin release and results in prostatitis in the adult offspring. AN - 69281207; 10568700 AB - The availability of prolactin (PRL) to the neonatal brain is known to affect the development of the tuberoinfundibular (TIDA) neurons and, as a consequence, lead to alterations in subsequent PRL regulation. Without early lactational exposure to PRL (derived from the dam's milk), TIDA neuronal growth is impaired and elevated PRL levels are present in the prepubertal male. These observations, combined with the finding that alterations in PRL secretion (i.e., hyperprolactinemia) in the adult male rat have been implicated in the development of prostatitis, led us to hypothesize that early lactational exposure to agents that suppress suckling-induced PRL release would lead to a disruption in TIDA development, altered PRL regulation, and subsequent prostatitis in the male offspring. To test this hypothesis, suckling-induced PRL release was measured in Wistar dams treated twice daily with the herbicide atrazine (ATR, by gavage, on PND 1-4 at 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight), or twice daily with the dopamine receptor agonist bromocriptine (BROM, sc, at 0.052, 0.104, 0.208, and 0.417 mg/kg); BROM is known to suppress PRL release. Similarly, atrazine has also been reported to suppress PRL in adult females. Serum PRL was measured on PND 3 using a serial sampling technique and indwelling cardiac catheters. A significant rise in serum PRL release was noted in all control females within 10 min of the initiation of suckling. Fifty-mg/kg ATR inhibited suckling-induced PRL release in all females, whereas 25 and 12.5 mg/kg ATR inhibited this measure in some dams and had no discernible effect in others. The 6.25 mg/kg dose of ATR was without effect. BROM, used here as a positive control, also inhibited suckling-induced PRL release at doses of 0.104 to 0.417 mg/kg, with no effect at 0.052 mg/kg. To examine the effect of postnatal ATR and BROM on the incidence and severity of inflammation (INF) of the lateral prostate of the offspring, adult males were examined at 90 and 120 days. While no effect was noted at 90 days of age, at 120 days, both the incidence and severity of prostate inflammation was increased in those offspring of ATR-treated dams (25 and 50 mg/kg). The 12.5 mg/kg ATR and the two highest doses of BROM increased the incidence, but not the severity, of prostatitis. Combined treatment of ovine prolactin (oPRL) and 25 or 50 mg/kg ATR on PND 1-4 reduced the incidence of inflammation observed at 120 days, indicating that this increase in INF, seen after ATR alone, resulted from the suppression of PRL in the dam. To determine whether or not there is a critical period for these effects, dams were dosed with 25 and 50 mg/kg on PND 6-9 and PND 11-14. Inflammation was increased in those offspring from dams treated on PND 6-9, but this increase was not significant. Dosing on PND 11-14 was without effect. These data demonstrate that ATR suppresses suckling-induced PRL release and that this suppression results in lateral prostate inflammation in the offspring. The critical period for this effect is PND 1-9. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Stoker, T E AU - Robinette, C L AU - Cooper, R L AD - Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Stoker.tammy@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 68 EP - 79 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.7 KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Suckling KW - Animals KW - Prostate -- drug effects KW - Sheep KW - Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Depression, Chemical KW - Pregnancy KW - Secretory Rate -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Prostate -- pathology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Lactation -- drug effects KW - Prostatitis -- chemically induced KW - Prolactin -- secretion KW - Herbicides -- toxicity KW - Atrazine -- toxicity KW - Prostatitis -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69281207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Maternal+exposure+to+atrazine+during+lactation+suppresses+suckling-induced+prolactin+release+and+results+in+prostatitis+in+the+adult+offspring.&rft.au=Stoker%2C+T+E%3BRobinette%2C+C+L%3BCooper%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Stoker&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos: dose response profiles for cholinesterase and carboxylesterase activity. AN - 69281017; 10568702 AB - This study investigates the in vivo dose response profiles of the target enzyme cholinesterase (ChE) and the detoxifying enzymes carboxylesterase (CaE) in the fetal and maternal compartments of pregnant rats dosed with chlorpyrifos [(O,O'-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothionate], a commonly used organophosphorus insecticide. Pregnant rats were dosed daily (po) with chlorpyrifos in corn oil (0, 3, 5, 7, or 10 mg/kg) on gestational days (GD) 14-18. Animals were sacrificed 5 h after the last chlorpyrifos dose (time of maximum brain cholinesterase inhibition) for analysis of ChE and CaE activity in maternal blood, liver, brain, placenta, and fetal liver and brain. The in vitro sensitivity (i.e., IC50, 30 min, 26 degrees C) of CaE also was determined by assaying the activity remaining after incubation with a range of chlorpyrifos-oxon concentrations. In vivo exposure to 10 mg/kg chlorpyrifos from GD14-18 caused overt maternal toxicity, with dose-related decreases in ChE activity more notable in maternal brain than fetal brain. Dose-related effects were also seen with chlorpyrifos-induced inhibition of fetal liver ChE and maternal brain CaE activities. Gestational exposure caused no inhibition of placental ChE or CaE, fetal brain CaE, or maternal blood CaE. ChE activities in the maternal blood and liver, as well as fetal and maternal liver CaE, however, were maximally inhibited by even the lowest dosage of chlorpyrifos. The in vitro sensitivity profiles of CaE to chlorpyrifos-oxon inhibition were valuable in predicting and verifying the in vivo CaE response profiles. Both the in vivo and in vitro findings indicated that fetal liver CaE inhibition was an extremely sensitive indicator of fetal chlorpyrifos exposure. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Lassiter, T L AU - Barone, S AU - Moser, V C AU - Padilla, S AD - Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA. lassiter.leon@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 92 EP - 100 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - Carboxylesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.1 KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- metabolism KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69281017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Gestational+exposure+to+chlorpyrifos%3A+dose+response+profiles+for+cholinesterase+and+carboxylesterase+activity.&rft.au=Lassiter%2C+T+L%3BBarone%2C+S%3BMoser%2C+V+C%3BPadilla%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lassiter&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone effects on airway responsiveness, lung injury, and inflammation. Comparative rat strain and in vivo/in vitro investigations. AN - 69273395; 10562695 AB - Asthmatic individuals appear to be particularly sensitive to the effects of certain air pollutants-including ozone (O(3)), an oxidant ambient air pollutant-for reasons that are poorly understood. The general purpose of these studies, therefore, was to expand and improve upon toxicologic methods for assessing ozone-induced effects on the airways of the rat by (1) developing an in vivo testing procedure that allows detection of airway responsiveness changes in rats exposed to ozone; (2) identifying a strain of rat that may be inherently more sensitive to the effects of ozone; and (3) validation of an in vitro epithelial culture system to more directly assess airway cellular/subcellular effects of ozone. Using methacholine inhalation challenges, we detected increased airway responsiveness in senescent F344 rats acutely after ozone exposure (2 ppm x 2 h). We also determined that acutely after ozone exposure (0.5 ppm x 8 h), Wistar rats developed significantly greater lung injury, neutrophilic inflammation, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid concentrations of IL-6 than either Sprague-Dawley (SD) or F344 rats. SD rats had greater BAL fluid concentrations of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), while F344 rats consistently exhibited the least effect. Wistar rat-derived tracheal epithelial (RTE) cultures were exposed in vitro to air or ozone (0.1-1.0 ppm x 1 h), and examined for analogous effects. In a concentration-dependent manner, ozone exposure resulted in acute but minor cytotoxicity. RT polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of RNA isolated from ozone-exposed cells demonstrated variable increases in steady-state gene expression of IL-6 at 4 h postexposure, while at 24 h cellular fibronectin expression (EIIIA domain) was decreased. Exposure was without effect on macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) or gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase expression. At 6 h postexposure, IL-6 synthesis and apical release appeared increased in ozone-exposed cells (1 ppm x 1 h). MIP-2 release was not significantly increased in ozone-exposed cells. At 2 h postexposure, ozone exposure resulted in minor increases in apical fibronectin, but exposure was without effect on basolateral accumulation of fibronectin. Exposure to 1.0, but not 0.1 ppm (x 1 h), increased production of cyclooxygenase (i.e., PGE(2)) and noncyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid. Results demonstrate that multiple inflammatory mediator pathways are affected by ozone exposure. Such effects could exacerbate morbidity in individuals with preexisting airway inflammation such as asthmatics. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Dye, J A AU - Madden, M C AU - Richards, J H AU - Lehmann, J R AU - Devlin, R B AU - Costa, D L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, ETD, PTB, MD-82, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Dye.Janice@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1015 EP - 1040 VL - 11 IS - 11 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- chemically induced KW - Rats KW - Culture Techniques KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Trachea -- pathology KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Epithelium -- pathology KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Species Specificity KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- pathology KW - Male KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- toxicity KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Respiratory Physiological Phenomena -- drug effects KW - Bronchial Provocation Tests KW - Lung Diseases -- pathology KW - Pneumonia -- pathology KW - Ozone -- toxicity KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69273395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Ozone+effects+on+airway+responsiveness%2C+lung+injury%2C+and+inflammation.+Comparative+rat+strain+and+in+vivo%2Fin+vitro+investigations.&rft.au=Dye%2C+J+A%3BMadden%2C+M+C%3BRichards%2C+J+H%3BLehmann%2C+J+R%3BDevlin%2C+R+B%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Dye&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral evaluation of the neurotoxicity produced by dichloroacetic acid in rats. AN - 69264340; 10560779 AB - Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is commonly found in drinking water as a by-product of chlorination disinfection. It is a known neurotoxicant in rats, dogs, and humans. We have characterized DCA neurotoxicity in rats using a neurobehavioral screening battery under varying exposure durations (acute, subchronic, and chronic) and routes of administration (oral gavage and drinking water). Studies were conducted in both weanling and adult rats, and comparisons were made between Long-Evans and Fischer-344 rats. DCA produced neuromuscular toxicity comprised of limb weakness and deficits in gait and righting reflex; altered gait and decreased hindlimb grip strength were the earliest indicators of toxicity. Other effects included mild tremors, ocular abnormalities, and a unique chest-clasping response (seen in Fischer-344 rats only). Neurotoxicity was permanent (i.e., through 2 years) following a 6-month exposure to high dose levels, whereas the effects of intermediate dose levels with exposures of 3 months or less were slowly reversible. The severity, specificity, and recovery of neurological changes were route, duration, and strain dependent. Fischer-344 rats were more sensitive than Long-Evans rats, and weanling rats may be somewhat more sensitive than adults. Oral gavage produced significantly less toxicity compared to the same intake level received in drinking water. Neurotoxicity was progressive with continued exposure, and was observed at exposure levels as low as 16 mg/kg/day (lowest dose level tested) when administered via drinking water in subchronic studies. The data from these studies characterize the neurotoxicity produced by DCA, and show it to be more pronounced, persistent, and occurring at lower exposures than has been previously reported. Further research should take into account these marked route, age, and strain differences. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Moser, V C AU - Phillips, P M AU - McDaniel, K L AU - MacPhail, R C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. moser.ginger@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 719 EP - 731 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Dichloroacetic Acid KW - 9LSH52S3LQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Humans KW - Aging KW - Water Supply KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Reflex -- drug effects KW - Dogs KW - Gait -- drug effects KW - Posture KW - Species Specificity KW - Dichloroacetic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Dichloroacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69264340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+evaluation+of+the+neurotoxicity+produced+by+dichloroacetic+acid+in+rats.&rft.au=Moser%2C+V+C%3BPhillips%2C+P+M%3BMcDaniel%2C+K+L%3BMacPhail%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=719&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of exposure to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) throughout gestation and lactation on behavior (concurrent random interval-random interval and progressive ratio performance) in rats. AN - 69264311; 10560775 AB - There is evidence that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners have differential effects on endpoints of neurotoxicity depending on their chemical structure: specifically, that ortho-substituted congeners are neurotoxic while coplanar (dioxin-like) congeners are relatively inactive in producing neurotoxic effects. This study extends research on the effects of developmental exposure to the coplanar congener 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) in Long-Evans rats. Dams were dosed with 0, 0.25, or 1 microg/kg/day Monday to Friday beginning 5 weeks before and continuing through gestation and lactation. The first 2-week breeding period produced 10, 7, and 13 litters in the three dose groups, respectively, used in behavioral assessment. Breeding females from the control and low-dose group that did not conceive were rebred after 76 days of dosing, producing six and six litters used in behavioral testing. This regimen of PCB exposure produced reduced weight gain between birth and weaning in cohort 1, and decreased thyroxine levels and changes in hematology and serum biochemistry parameters in both cohorts. One female and male from each litter were tested under a series of three concurrent random interval-random interval (RI-RI) schedules of reinforcement beginning at about 400 days of age, followed immediately by assessment under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule. The concurrent RI-RI allows assessment of performance during steady state and during behavior in transition (learning). The PR schedule provides the opportunity to assess the strength of the reinforcing event independent of response rate. During the first RI-RI schedule, the high-dose group apportioned responses less accurately than controls with respect to the scheduled relative reinforcement density on the two levers. There was also some evidence for differences in performance between treated and control groups on the third RI-RI schedule of reinforcement. There was no evidence for differences in the relative strength of the reinforcing event as assessed by PR performance. These same rats failed to exhibit PCB-induced impairment on a spatial delayed alternation task or under multiple fixed interval-fixed ratio or DRL schedules of reinforcement, performed prior to the current experiments. These data extend previous findings concerning the pattern of behavioral effects as a consequence of gestational and lactational exposure to a dioxin-like PCB congener. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Rice, D C AU - Hayward, S AD - Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. rice.deborah@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 679 EP - 687 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Thyroxine KW - Q51BO43MG4 KW - 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl KW - TSH69IA9XF KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Thyroxine -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Lactation KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69264311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+exposure+to+3%2C3%27%2C4%2C4%27%2C5-pentachlorobiphenyl+%28PCB+126%29+throughout+gestation+and+lactation+on+behavior+%28concurrent+random+interval-random+interval+and+progressive+ratio+performance%29+in+rats.&rft.au=Rice%2C+D+C%3BHayward%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells is inhibited by chlorpyrifos and its metabolites: is acetylcholinesterase inhibition the site of action? AN - 69224433; 10544056 AB - Developmental expression of AChE has been associated with neuronal differentiation (P. G. Layer and E. Willbold, Prog. Histochem. Cytochem. 29, 1-94, 1995). In this study we used pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, a noncholinergic cell line, rich in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, to examine the effects of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on neural differentiation. The experimental paradigm was focused on whether alterations in cholinesterase (ChE) activity by a pesticide or its metabolites would affect neurite outgrowth, a morphological marker of neuronal differentiation. Results indicated that (1) in controls, both total ChE and AChE activities were significantly increased in NGF-primed PC12 cells compared to NGF-unprimed cells, while the basal expression of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity was much lower (1.3-7% of total ChE activity) in either the presence or the absence of NGF; (2) an increase in AChE activity was highly correlated (r(2) = 0.99) with the extension of neurite outgrowth, suggesting a link between the expression of AChE activity and the elaboration of neurite outgrowth; (3) NGF increased neurite outgrowth in a time- and concentration-dependent manner; and (4) either chlorpyrifos (CPF) or its metabolites (CPF oxon and TCP) inhibited NGF-induced neurite outgrowth (branches per cell, fragments per cell, total neurite outgrowth per cell) in PC12 cells. These data suggest that the expression of AChE activity is associated with the extension of neurite outgrowth. Both enzyme activity and neurite branching were disrupted by CPF oxon; however, CPF and its other metabolite TCP (1 microgram/ml) caused inhibition of neurite outgrowth in the absence of ChE inhibition, suggesting an alternative mechanism(s) may be involved in pesticide-induced inhibition of differentiation. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Das, K P AU - Barone, S AD - Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/11/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 01 SP - 217 EP - 230 VL - 160 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Pyridones KW - O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate KW - 5598-15-2 KW - 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol KW - 6515-38-4 KW - Nerve Growth Factor KW - 9061-61-4 KW - Butyrylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.7 KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Pyridones -- toxicity KW - Neurites -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Nerve Growth Factor -- pharmacology KW - Butyrylcholinesterase -- metabolism KW - PC12 Cells KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Acetylcholinesterase -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- cytology KW - Chlorpyrifos -- analogs & derivatives KW - Neurons -- enzymology KW - Cell Differentiation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69224433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Neuronal+differentiation+in+PC12+cells+is+inhibited+by+chlorpyrifos+and+its+metabolites%3A+is+acetylcholinesterase+inhibition+the+site+of+action%3F&rft.au=Das%2C+K+P%3BBarone%2C+S&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The application of in situ permeable reactive (zero-valent iron) barrier technology for the remediation of chromate-contaminated groundwater; a field test AN - 52429740; 1999-067095 AB - A small-scale field test was initiated in September 1994 to evaluate the in situ remediation of groundwater contaminated with chromate, using a permeable reactive barrier composed of a mixture of zero-valent Fe, sand and aquifer sediment. The site used was an old chrome-plating facility near Elizabeth City, North Carolina. Dissolved chromate concentrations were reduced to less than 0.01 mg/litre via reduction from Cr(VI) to Cr(III) as a result of the corrosion of the Fe. As the Fe corrodes, pH increases, oxidation-reduction potential declines, dissolved oxygen is consumed, and Fe(II) is generated. Mineral phases formed as a result of the Fe corrosion include ferrous sulphides and various Fe oxides, and oxyhydroxides. JF - Applied Geochemistry AU - Puls, Robert W AU - Paul, Cynthia J AU - Powell, Robert M Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 989 EP - 1000 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York-Beijing VL - 14 IS - 8 SN - 0883-2927, 0883-2927 KW - United States KW - technology KW - observation wells KW - iron KW - cores KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - sampling KW - water treatment KW - sediments KW - Pasquotank County North Carolina KW - alkalinity KW - pH KW - Eh KW - chromium KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - soils KW - sulfate ion KW - monitoring KW - in situ KW - Elizabeth City North Carolina KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - chromate ion KW - ferrous iron KW - aquifers KW - physical properties KW - dissolved materials KW - metals KW - North Carolina KW - water wells KW - SEM data KW - permeability KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52429740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=The+application+of+in+situ+permeable+reactive+%28zero-valent+iron%29+barrier+technology+for+the+remediation+of+chromate-contaminated+groundwater%3B+a+field+test&rft.au=Puls%2C+Robert+W%3BPaul%2C+Cynthia+J%3BPowell%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Puls&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.issn=08832927&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0883-2927%2899%2900010-4 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08832927 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sects., 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkalinity; aquifers; Atlantic Coastal Plain; chromate ion; chromium; cores; dissolved materials; Eh; Elizabeth City North Carolina; ferrous iron; field studies; ground water; in situ; iron; metals; monitoring; North Carolina; observation wells; Pasquotank County North Carolina; permeability; pH; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sampling; sediments; SEM data; soils; sulfate ion; technology; United States; water treatment; water wells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00010-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of multi-temporal Landsat 5 TM imagery for wetland identification AN - 52404947; 2000-006209 JF - Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing AU - Lunetta, Ross S AU - Balogh, Mary E Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1303 EP - 1310 PB - American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, VA VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0099-1112, 0099-1112 KW - United States KW - thematic mapper KW - imagery KW - monitoring KW - Delaware KW - cartography KW - ecosystems KW - satellite methods KW - Millington Quadrangle KW - Landsat KW - geographic information systems KW - wetlands KW - information systems KW - ecology KW - Maryland KW - remote sensing KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52404947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Application+of+multi-temporal+Landsat+5+TM+imagery+for+wetland+identification&rft.au=Lunetta%2C+Ross+S%3BBalogh%2C+Mary+E&rft.aulast=Lunetta&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=660&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Informatics+Association&rft.issn=10675027&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - CODEN - PGMEA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cartography; Delaware; ecology; ecosystems; geographic information systems; imagery; information systems; Landsat; Maryland; Millington Quadrangle; monitoring; remote sensing; satellite methods; thematic mapper; United States; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative toxicity of fluoranthene to freshwater and saltwater species under fluorescent and ultraviolet light AN - 52382722; 2000-022436 JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Spehar, R L AU - Poucher, S AU - Brooke, L T AU - Hansen, D J AU - Champlin, D AU - Cox, D A Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 496 EP - 502 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - fluoranthene KW - fresh water KW - techniques KW - salt water KW - drinking water KW - bioaccumulation KW - laboratory studies KW - toxicity KW - fluorescence KW - X-ray fluorescence spectra KW - ultraviolet spectra KW - spectra KW - Wisconsin KW - Superior Wisconsin KW - discharge KW - Douglas County Wisconsin KW - concentration KW - water supply KW - toxic materials KW - experimental studies KW - chemical analysis KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - effluents KW - pollution KW - bioassays KW - solubility KW - biota KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - testing KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52382722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparative+toxicity+of+fluoranthene+to+freshwater+and+saltwater+species+under+fluorescent+and+ultraviolet+light&rft.au=Spehar%2C+R+L%3BPoucher%2C+S%3BBrooke%2C+L+T%3BHansen%2C+D+J%3BChamplin%2C+D%3BCox%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Spehar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(4rb2jbyxcwtb1he1c13ybdmm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100119,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AECTCV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; bioaccumulation; bioassays; biota; chemical analysis; concentration; detection; discharge; Douglas County Wisconsin; drinking water; effluents; experimental studies; fluoranthene; fluorescence; fresh water; hydrocarbons; laboratory studies; monitoring; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; salt water; solubility; spectra; Superior Wisconsin; techniques; testing; toxic materials; toxicity; ultraviolet spectra; United States; water quality; water supply; Wisconsin; X-ray fluorescence spectra ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated system for remediation of contaminated soils AN - 52215265; 2001-050055 JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Khodadoust, Amid P AU - Sorial, George A AU - Wilson, Gregory J AU - Suidan, Makram T AU - Griffiths, Richard A AU - Brenner, Richard C Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1033 EP - 1041 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, Environmental Engineering Division, New York, NY VL - 125 IS - 11 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - pentachlorophenol KW - chlorophenols KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - ethanol KW - organic compounds KW - solvents KW - decontamination KW - hydrocarbons KW - alcohols KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52215265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Integrated+system+for+remediation+of+contaminated+soils&rft.au=Khodadoust%2C+Amid+P%3BSorial%2C+George+A%3BWilson%2C+Gregory+J%3BSuidan%2C+Makram+T%3BGriffiths%2C+Richard+A%3BBrenner%2C+Richard+C&rft.aulast=Khodadoust&rft.aufirst=Amid&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1033&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JOEEDU N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alcohols; bioremediation; chlorophenols; decontamination; degradation; ethanol; experimental studies; hydrocarbons; organic compounds; pentachlorophenol; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soil treatment; soils; solvents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rare species are important in bioassessment (Reply to the comment by Marchant) AN - 17651163; 4656639 JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Cao, Yong AU - Williams, D D AD - U.S. EPA NHEERL-WED, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1841 EP - 1842 VL - 44 IS - 7 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Conservation KW - Rare species KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17651163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Rare+species+are+important+in+bioassessment+%28Reply+to+the+comment+by+Marchant%29&rft.au=Cao%2C+Yong%3BWilliams%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Cao&rft.aufirst=Yong&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rare species; Conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria inhabiting the rhizoplane and deep cortex cells of the sea grass Halodule wrightii AN - 17580660; 4640684 AB - Recent declines in sea grass distribution underscore the importance of understanding microbial community structure-function relationships in sea grass rhizospheres that might affect the viability of these plants. Phospholipid fatty acid analyses showed that sulfate-reducing bacteria and clostridia were enriched in sediments colonized by the sea grasses Halodule wrightii and Thalassia testudinum compared to an adjacent unvegetated sediment. Most-probable-number analyses found that in contrast to butyrate-producing clostridia, acetogens and acetate-utilizing sulfate reducers were enriched by an order of magnitude in rhizosphere sediments. Although sea grass roots are oxygenated in the daytime, colorimetric root incubation studies demonstrated that acetogenic O-demethylation and sulfidogenic iron precipitation activities were tightly associated with washed, sediment-free H. wrightii roots. This suggests that the associated anaerobes are able to tolerate exposure to oxygen. To localize and quantify the anaerobic microbial colonization, root thin sections were hybridized with newly developed super(33)P-labeled probes that targeted (i) low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria, (ii) cluster I species of clostridia, (iii) species of Acetobacterium, and (iv) species of Desulfovibrio. Microautoradiography revealed intercellular colonization of the roots by Acetobacterium and Desulfovibrio species. Acetogenic bacteria occurred mostly in the rhizoplane and outermost cortex cell layers, and high numbers of sulfate reducers were detected on all epidermal cells and inward, colonizing some 60% of the deepest cortex cells. Approximately 30% of epidermal cells were colonized by bacteria that hybridized with an archaeal probe, strongly suggesting the presence of methanogens. Obligate anaerobes within the roots might contribute to the vitality of sea grasses and other aquatic plants and to the biogeochemistry of the surrounding sediment. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Kusel, K AU - Pinkart, H C AU - Drake, H L AU - Devereux, R AD - Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. EPA/NHEERL, 1 Sabine Island Dr., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, devereux.richard@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 5117 EP - 5123 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Bacteria KW - actogenic bacteria KW - intercellular colonization KW - rhizospheres KW - sulfate-reducing bacteria KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Anaerobic respiration KW - Sulfate-reducing bacteria KW - Symbiosis KW - Halodule wrightii KW - Marine microorganisms KW - Roots KW - Acetobacterium KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Sediments KW - Rhizoplane KW - Colonization KW - Sea water KW - Desulfovibrio KW - Plants KW - Thalassia testudinum KW - Sea grass KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - J 02905:Water KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17580660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Acetogenic+and+sulfate-reducing+bacteria+inhabiting+the+rhizoplane+and+deep+cortex+cells+of+the+sea+grass+Halodule+wrightii&rft.au=Kusel%2C+K%3BPinkart%2C+H+C%3BDrake%2C+H+L%3BDevereux%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kusel&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Anaerobic respiration; Symbiosis; Roots; Sea grass; Sediments; Rhizoplane; Sulfate-reducing bacteria; Sea water; Marine microorganisms; Plants; Hybridization analysis; Bacteria; Halodule wrightii; Desulfovibrio; Thalassia testudinum; Acetobacterium; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-dependent localization of TCDD in isolated centrilobular and periportal hepatocytes AN - 17495152; 4684620 AB - Dose-response relationships for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) suggest a differential sensitivity of liver cell types to the induction of cytochrome P450 gene expression, and that the induction of hepatic protein CYP1A2 causes sequestration of TCDD. In addition, immunolocalization of hepatic CYP1A1/1B1/1A2 proteins is not uniform after exposure to TCDD. In addition, immunolocalization of hepatic CYP1A1/1B1/1A2 proteins is not uniform after exposure to TCDD. The mechanism for the regio-specific induction of hepatic P450s by TCDD is unknown, but may involve the differential distribution of participants in the AhR-mediated pathway and/or regional P450 isozymes, as well as, non-uniform distribution/sequestration of TCDD. Therefore, this study examined the effects of TCDD in unfractionated, centrilobular and periportal hepatocytes isolated from female Sprague-Dawley rats acutely exposed (3 days) to a single oral dose of 0.01-10.0 [mgr]g [ super(3)H]TCDD/kg. A dose-dependent increase in concentration of TCDD was accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 mRNA expression and associated enzymes in all liver-cell populations. Centrilobular hepatocytes showed a 2.7- to 4.5-fold higher concentration of TCDD as compared to the periportal hepatocytes at doses up to 0.3 [mgr]g TCDD/kg. Furthermore, centrilobular hepatocytes showed an elevated concentration of induced CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 mRNA as compared to periportal hepatocytes within the 0.01- and 0.3-[mgr]g TCDD/kg-treatment groups. This is the first study to demonstrate that a dose-dependent difference in distribution of TCDD exists between centrilobular and periportal cells that might be related to regional differences in P450 induction. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Santostefano, MJ AU - Richardson, V M AU - Walker, N J AU - Blanton, J AU - Lindros, KO AU - Lucier, G W AU - Alcasey, S K AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Experimental Toxicology Division (ETD), Pharmacokinetics Branch, USEPA, Mail Drop 74, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, santostefano.michael@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 9 EP - 19 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - rats KW - cytochrome P450 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Hepatocytes KW - TCDD KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17495152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Dose-dependent+localization+of+TCDD+in+isolated+centrilobular+and+periportal+hepatocytes&rft.au=Santostefano%2C+MJ%3BRichardson%2C+V+M%3BWalker%2C+N+J%3BBlanton%2C+J%3BLindros%2C+KO%3BLucier%2C+G+W%3BAlcasey%2C+S+K%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Santostefano&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; Hepatocytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of disturbance events on phytoplankton community structure in a small temperate reservoir AN - 17454831; 4659498 AB - 1 The effects of disturbances, in the form of storm events, on phytoplankton community structure were examined over the course of four years in Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin, USA. 2 Disturbances consistently brought about significant, but highly transient, increases in apparent phytoplankton species richness. It is likely that these resulted from temporary increases in the biomass of previously undetected rare species. 3 Substantial shifts in community dominance were confined to large, early season events, and were seldom long-lived. Later `climax' communities were highly resistant to any changes in dominance, even when increases in species richness occurred. 4 Regardless of when they occurred, disturbances tended to favour species from a narrow range of the successional sequence. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Barbiero, R P AU - James, W F AU - Barko, J W AD - Grace Analytical Laboratories, 536 S. Clark St. Chicago IL 60605 USA, barbiero.rick@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 503 EP - 512 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - USA, Wisconsin, Eau Galle Reservoir KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Community structure KW - Phytoplankton KW - Species Diversity KW - Disturbance KW - Storms KW - Reservoirs KW - Species richness KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - D 04627:Algae/lichens UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17454831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+disturbance+events+on+phytoplankton+community+structure+in+a+small+temperate+reservoir&rft.au=Barbiero%2C+R+P%3BJames%2C+W+F%3BBarko%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Barbiero&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.1999.00491.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reservoirs; Phytoplankton; Storms; Species Diversity; Community structure; Disturbance; Species richness DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00491.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Human Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter AN - 17429280; 4644860 AB - Recent epidemiological studies have consistently shown that the acute mortality effects of high concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM), documented in historic air pollution episodes, may also be occurring at the low to moderate concentrations of ambient PM found in modern urban areas. In London in December 1952, the unexpected deaths due to PM exposure could be identified and counted as integers by the coroners. In modern times, the PM-related deaths cannot be as readily identified, and they can only be inferred as fractional average daily increases in mortality rates using sophisticated statistical filtering and analyses of the air quality and mortality data. The causality of the relationship between exposure to ambient PM and acute mortality at these lower modern PM concentrations has been questioned because of a perception that there is little significant correlation in time between the ambient PM concentrations and measured personal exposure to PM from all sources (ambient PM plus indoor-generated PM). This article shows that the critical factor supporting the plausibility of a linear PM mortality relationship is the expected high correlation in time of people's exposure to PM of ambient origin with measured ambient PM concentrations, as used in the epidemiological time series studies. The presence of indoor and personal sources of PM masks this underlying relationship, leading to confusion in the scientific literature about the strong underlying temporal relationship between personal exposure to PM of ambient origin and ambient PM concentration. The authors show that the sources of PM of non-ambient origin operate independently of the ambient PM concentrations, so that the mortality effect of non-ambient PM, if any, must be independent of the effects of the ambient PM exposures. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Mage, D AU - Wilson, W AU - Hasselblad, V AU - Grant, L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1280 EP - 1291 VL - 49 IS - 11 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - British Isles, England, London KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Humans KW - Environmental health KW - Pollution effects KW - Particulates KW - Mortality KW - Air pollution KW - Epidemiology KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17429280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Human+Exposure+to+Ambient+Particulate+Matter&rft.au=Mage%2C+D%3BWilson%2C+W%3BHasselblad%2C+V%3BGrant%2C+L&rft.aulast=Mage&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particulates; Air pollution; Pollution effects; Environmental health; Mortality; Epidemiology; Humans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of environmental changes on degradation of chiral pollutants in soils AN - 855692576; 14051576 AB - Numerous anthropogenic chemicals of environmental concern--including some phenoxy acid herbicides, organophosphorus insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, freon substitutes and some DDT derivatives--are chiral. Their potential biological effects, such as toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and endocrine disrupter activity, are generally enantiomer-selective, and different enantiomers are preferentially degraded (transformed) by micro-organisms in various environments. Here we use field and laboratory experiments to demonstrate that environmental changes in soils can alter these preferences, and to suggest that the preferences shift owing to different groups of related microbial genotypes being activated by different environmental changes. In Brazilian soils, almost all pasture samples preferentially transformed the non-herbicidal enantiomer of dichlorprop ((RS)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid), while most forest samples either transformed the herbicidal enantiomer more readily or as rapidly as the non-herbicidal enantiomer. Organic nutrient enrichments shifted enantioselectivity for methyl dichlorprop ((RS)-methyl 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid) strongly towards preferentially removing the non-herbicidal enantiomer in soils from Brazil and North America, potentially increasing phytotoxicity of its residues relative to that of the racemate. Assessments of the risks chemical pollutants pose to public health and the environment need to take into account the chiral selectivity of microbial transformation processes and their alteration by environmental changes, especially for pesticides as up to 25 per cent are chiral. JF - Nature AU - Lewis, David L AU - Garrison, AWayne AU - Wommack, KEric AU - Whittemore, Alton AU - Steudler, Paul AU - Melillo, Jerry AD - [1] US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA [2] Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA Y1 - 1999/10/28/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 28 SP - 898 EP - 901 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 401 IS - 6756 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); METADEX (MD); Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Composites Industry Abstracts (ED); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Computer and Information Systems Abstracts (CI); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855692576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Influence+of+environmental+changes+on+degradation+of+chiral+pollutants+in+soils&rft.au=Lewis%2C+David+L%3BGarrison%2C+AWayne%3BWommack%2C+KEric%3BWhittemore%2C+Alton%3BSteudler%2C+Paul%3BMelillo%2C+Jerry&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1999-10-28&rft.volume=401&rft.issue=6756&rft.spage=898&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F44801 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/44801 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-Mediated Oxidative Stress in CYP1A2 Knockout (CYP1A2-/-) Mice AN - 17332279; 4608006 AB - The objective of the study was to compare alterations in indicators of oxidative stress following 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure in cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) knockout mice and their parental lineage strains (C57BL/6N and 129/Sv). This study will aid in determining the role, if any, of CYP1A2 in TCDD-mediated oxidative stress. Formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as a measurement of lipid peroxidation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the in vitro reduction of cytochrome c in tissue homogenate, and changes in the biochemical antioxidant glutathione were monitored to determine oxidative stress 7 days following a single oral dose of 25 mu g TCDD/kg. TBARS, reduction of cytochrome c, and changes in glutathione demonstrated a similar response in CYP1A2 knockout and parental strains. These data suggest that CYP1A2 does not play a critical role in the acute oxidative stress response following TCDD exposure. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Slezak, B P AU - Diliberto, J J AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Experimental Toxicology Division (ETD), Pharmacokinetics Branch, Mail Drop-74, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711., diliberto.janet@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 22 SP - 376 EP - 379 PB - Academic Press VL - 264 IS - 2 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin KW - cytochrome P4501A2 KW - cytochrome c KW - mice KW - thiobarbituric acid KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Glutathione KW - Oxidative stress KW - TCDD KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17332279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=2%2C3%2C7%2C8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-Mediated+Oxidative+Stress+in+CYP1A2+Knockout+%28CYP1A2-%2F-%29+Mice&rft.au=Slezak%2C+B+P%3BDiliberto%2C+J+J%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Slezak&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-10-22&rft.volume=396&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; Oxidative stress; Glutathione; Reactive oxygen species DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.1518 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by bromoform: investigation of the role of GSTT1-1 polymorphism. AN - 70859066; 10526210 AB - Brominated trihalomethanes (THMs) are disinfection by-products present frequently in chlorinated drinking water. Brominated THMs are mutagenic in a variety of systems and are carcinogenic in rodents. The metabolism of brominated THMs is thought to involve a GSH conjugation reaction leading either to formaldehyde or DNA-reactive intermediates via glutathione S-transferase-theta (GSTT1-1), which is polymorphic in humans. In the present study, we have determined the genotoxicity of one of the brominated THMs, bromoform (BF), by measuring its ability to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in whole-blood (WB) cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes from GSTT1-1+ and GSTT1-1- donors. The results showed no differences in SCEs per cell by BF between GSTT1-1+ and GSTT1-1- individuals when the cells were exposed to 5 x 10(-3) M BF at the beginning of cell culturing (10.8+/-0.85 vs. 10.57+/-0.47, respectively), at the 16th (9.66+/-0.91 vs. 9.57+/-0.07), or the 24th h (8.21+/-0.61 vs. 8.29+/-0.24) of cell growth. Although GSTT1-1 is expressed in the erythrocytes, the lack of expression of the GSTT1-1 gene in the target cells (lymphocytes) may account for this observation. JF - Mutation research AU - Landi, S AU - Hanley, N M AU - Kligerman, A D AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division (MD-68), US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. landi.stefano@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 19 SP - 261 EP - 267 VL - 429 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Trihalomethanes KW - glutathione S-transferase T1 KW - EC 2.5.1.- KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - bromoform KW - TUT9J99IMU KW - Index Medicus KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Genotype KW - Erythrocytes -- enzymology KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Cycle KW - Female KW - Male KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Lymphocytes -- ultrastructure KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70859066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Induction+of+sister+chromatid+exchanges+in+human+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes+by+bromoform%3A+investigation+of+the+role+of+GSTT1-1+polymorphism.&rft.au=Landi%2C+S%3BHanley%2C+N+M%3BKligerman%2C+A+D%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Landi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-19&rft.volume=429&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swedish experiences of incentives for the protection of nature AN - 17409025; 4634743 AB - In Sweden, the maintenance of biological diversity is considered a key element in the development towards a sustainable society. However, the link between sustainable development and biodiversity is far from clear to everybody. It is an important task to explain this link. A cornerstone of Swedish biodiversity policy is that each sector in society has a sectoral responsibility to ensure that its own activities do not cause any long-term loss of biodiversity (but instead help to maintain it). The concept of sectoral responsibility is an important feature of environmental policy in the context of developing new incentives. Besides `traditional' nature conservation tools -- such as the protection of sites, purchasing land and general environmental legislation -- new, more market-oriented incentives have emerged during the last few years, e.g. certifications schemes in forestry and eco-labelling in agriculture. These new incentives have developed alongside political processes (parliament, government, agencies etc.) and have been formulated and negotiated by 'market players'. Environmental NGOs, such as WWF Sweden and the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, have often taken the lead role in this process. Another feature of these incentives is that they not only apply to products but also to production; an example of this is in forestry where not just the wood but also forest management are in focus. The national agri-environmental programmes, within the context of the European Union's subsidy programme for environmental measures in agriculture, provide a powerful tool for conserving and enhancing biodiversity. In Sweden at least, there is nowadays complete acceptance for the basic view that it is both desirable and necessary to pay the farmers for their 'production' of common benefits such as biodiversity in well-managed pastures and meadows. Market-oriented incentives, such as eco-labelling and certification schemes, have an important role to play and should complement other, more traditional tools such as general environmental legislation and protection of sites. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Terstad, J AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Natural Resources, 106 48 Stockholm, Sweden, jan.terstad@environ.se Y1 - 1999/10/18/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 18 SP - 189 EP - 196 VL - 240 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Sweden KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental economics KW - Sustainable development KW - Biological diversity KW - Federal policies KW - Nature conservation KW - Environment management KW - Legislation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17409025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Swedish+experiences+of+incentives+for+the+protection+of+nature&rft.au=Terstad%2C+J&rft.aulast=Terstad&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-18&rft.volume=240&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Managing for biodiversity for the protection of nature N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological diversity; Nature conservation; Sustainable development; Environment management; Environmental economics; Legislation; Federal policies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adsorption of Bacteriophages on Clay Minerals AN - 17416920; 4639039 AB - The ability to predict the fate of microorganisms in soil is dependent on an understanding of the process of their sorption on soil and subsurface materials. Presently, we have focused on studying the thermodynamics of sorption of bacteriophages (T-2, MS-2, and phi X-174) on clays (hectorite, saponite, kaolinite, and clay fraction of samples collected from a landfill site). The thermodynamic study not only determines the feasibility of the process but also provides information on the relative magnitudes of the different forces under a particular set of conditions. The total free energy of interaction during sorption of bacteriophages on clays ( Delta G) has been assumed to be the summation of Delta G super(H) ( Delta G due to hydrophobic interactions) and Delta G super(EL) ( Delta G due to electrostatic interactions). The magnitude of Delta G super(H) was determined from the different interracial tensions ( gamma ) present in the system, while Delta G super(EL) was calculated from zeta -potentials of the colloidal particles. Calculated results show that surface hydrophobicities of the selected sorbents and sorbates dictate sorption. Among the selected bacteriophages, maximum sorption was observed with T-2, while hectorite has the maximum sorption capacity. Experimental results obtained from the batch adsorption studies also corroborated those obtained from the theoretical study. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Chattopadhyay, S AU - Puls, R W AD - ManTech Environmental Research Services Corporation, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74821-1198, USA, Sandip@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 3609 EP - 3614 VL - 33 IS - 20 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phages KW - Thermodynamics KW - Phage T2 KW - Hydrophobicity KW - Clays KW - Phage MS2 KW - Adsorption KW - Minerals KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17416920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Adsorption+of+Bacteriophages+on+Clay+Minerals&rft.au=Chattopadhyay%2C+S%3BPuls%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Chattopadhyay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=3609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9811492 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phage T2; Phage MS2; Adsorption; Clays; Minerals; Thermodynamics; Hydrophobicity; Phages DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9811492 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening for Persistent Organic Pollutants: Techniques To Provide a Scientific Basis for POPs Criteria in International Negotiations AN - 17414339; 4639025 AB - The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is currently coordinating negotiations to develop a binding global agreement by late in the year 2000 to prohibit, restrict, or reduce the production, use, or release of certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs). POPs are a small subset of organic chemicals whose characteristics of persistence in the environment, accumulation in biological organisms, and toxicity make them priority pollutants and environmental risks to humans and ecosystems. Under the UNEP negotiation, representatives are developing criteria and procedures for the addition of substances, guided by the initial list of 12 substances or substance groups selected for global action. It is therefore timely to investigate the scientific foundation for POPs screening criteria that have been used in other international, regional, and national programs, focusing on the properties of persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and long-range transport in a policy context. The theoretical, empirical, and multimedia modeling approaches used reveal that guidance for setting POPs screening criteria can be developed using a combination of science and policy input. These approaches suggest that criteria adopted under regional POPs agreements in North America and Europe are reasonable and tend to isolate a limited number of clearly hazardous POPs from the majority of organic chemicals, while not being so stringent that the ability to respond to as yet unidentified risks is seriously compromised. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Rodan, B D AU - Pennington, D W AU - Eckley, N AU - Boethling, R S AD - U. S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, 401 M Street SW (8601D), Washington, DC 20460, USA, rodan.bruce@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 3482 EP - 3488 VL - 33 IS - 20 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Government policies KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Organic compounds KW - International agreements KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17414339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Screening+for+Persistent+Organic+Pollutants%3A+Techniques+To+Provide+a+Scientific+Basis+for+POPs+Criteria+in+International+Negotiations&rft.au=Rodan%2C+B+D%3BPennington%2C+D+W%3BEckley%2C+N%3BBoethling%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Rodan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=3482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Organic compounds; Pollutant persistence; Pollution control; International agreements; Government policies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioavailability and trophic transfer of humic-bound copper from bacteria to zooplankton AN - 17487390; 4682515 AB - The effect of humic acid (HA) on uptake and transfer of Cu by selected marine organisms from the microbial loop was determined. Bacteria grown with and without 15 mu g Cu l super(-1) and with and without 10 mg Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) l super(-1) were fed to Uronema sp. The Uronema were subsequently fed to Acartia tonsa to determine the effect of humic acid on the uptake and transfer of Cu from bacteria to copepods. The presence of 10 mg SRHA l super(-1) reduced Cu uptake in A. tonsa by an average of 54% and significantly reduced the negative effects of Cu on reproductive success of A. tonsa. The percentage of the total Cu residues in A. tonsa resulting from feeding was estimated by exposing A. tonsa to the same conditions with and without pre-exposed Uronema as food. The results indicate that approximately 50% of the Cu residue is due to feeding. Thus, SRHA seems to affect Cu uptake in A. tonsa through binding of free Cu in the water at the same rate as through the food chain. This study demonstrates the importance of complexation of metals by organic matter and trophic transfer processes for organisms critical to estuarine food webs. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Lores, E M AU - Pennock, J R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, lores.emile@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/14/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 14 SP - 67 EP - 75 VL - 187 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Metal complexation KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Uronema KW - Aquatic bacteria KW - Heavy metals KW - Copper KW - Trophic relationships KW - Acartia tonsa KW - Inhibitors KW - Marine crustaceans KW - Food webs KW - Bacteria KW - Body burden KW - Estuaries KW - Nutrient availability KW - Zooplankton KW - Brackish KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Humic acids KW - Microorganisms KW - Uptake KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04665:Crustaceans KW - J 02905:Water KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17487390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+and+trophic+transfer+of+humic-bound+copper+from+bacteria+to+zooplankton&rft.au=Lores%2C+E+M%3BPennock%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Lores&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-10-14&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acartia tonsa; Uronema; Food webs; Trophic relationships; Humic acids; Inhibitors; Uptake; Bioaccumulation; Body burden; Copper; Heavy metals; Microorganisms; Marine crustaceans; Zooplankton; Aquatic bacteria; Nutrient availability; Estuaries; Bacteria; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial distribution of biomass in forests of the eastern USA AN - 17372269; 4594690 AB - We produced a map of the biomass density and pools, at the county scale of resolution, of all forests of the eastern US using new approaches for converting inventoried wood volume to estimates of above and belowground biomass. Maps provide a visual representation of the pattern of forest biomass densities and pools over space that are useful for forest managers and decision makers, and as databases for verification of vegetation models. We estimated biomass density and pools at the county level from the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis database on growing stock volume by forest type and stand size-class, and mapped the results in a geographic information system. We converted stand volume to aboveground biomass with regression equations for biomass expansion factors (BEF; ratio of aboveground biomass density of all living trees to merchantable volume) versus stand volume. Belowground biomass was estimated as a function of aboveground biomass with regression equations. Total biomass density for hardwood forests ranged from 36 to 344 Mg ha super(-1), with an area-weighted mean of 159 Mg ha super(-1). About 50% of all counties had hardwood forests with biomass densities between 125 and 175 Mg ha super(-1). For softwood forests, biomass density ranged from 2 to 346 Mg ha super(-1), with an area-weighted mean of 110 Mg ha super(-1). Biomass densities were generally lower for softwoods than for hardwoods; ca. 40% of all counties had softwood forests with biomass densities between 75 and 125 Mg ha super(-1). Highest amounts of forest biomass were located in the Northern Lake states, mountain areas of the Mid-Atlantic states, and parts of New England, and lowest amounts in the Midwest states. The total biomass for all eastern forests for the late 1980s was estimated at 20.5 Pg, 80% of which was in hardwood forests. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brown, S L AU - Schroeder, P AU - Kern, J S AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St Corvallis, OR 97333 USA Y1 - 1999/10/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 11 SP - 81 EP - 90 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 123 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Spatial+distribution+of+biomass+in+forests+of+the+eastern+USA&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BSchroeder%2C+P%3BKern%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-11&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900017-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00017-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional trends in aquatic recovery from acidification in North America and Europe AN - 17337836; 4611565 AB - Rates of acidic deposition from the atmosphere ("acid rain") have decreased throughout the 1980s and 1990s across large portions of North America and Europe. Many recent studies have attributed observed reversals in surface-water acidification at national and regional scales to the declining deposition. To test whether emissions regulations have led to widespread recovery in surface-water chemistry, we analyzed regional trends between 1980 and 1995 in indicators of acidification (sulphate, nitrate and base-action concentrations, and measured (Gran) alkalinity) for 205 lakes and streams in eight regions of North America and Europe. Dramatic differences in trend direction and strength for the two decades are apparent. In concordance with general temporal trends in acidic deposition, lake and stream sulphate concentrations decreased in all regions with the exception of Great Britain; all but one of these regions exhibited stronger downward trends in the 1990s than in the 1980s. In contrast, regional declines in lake and stream nitrate concentrations were rare and, when detected, were very small. Recovery in alkalinity, expected wherever strong regional declines in sulphate concentrations have occurred, was observed in all regions of Europe, especially in the 1990s, but in only one region (of five) in North America. We attribute the lack of recovery in three regions (south/central Ontario, the Adirondack/Catskill mountains and midwestern North America) to strong regional declines in base-cation concentrations that exceed the decreases in sulphate concentrations. JF - Nature AU - Stoddard, J L AU - Jeffries, D S AU - Luekeswille, A AU - Clair, T A AU - Dillon, P J AU - Driscoll, C T AU - Forsius, M AU - Johannessen, M AU - Kahl, J S AU - Kellogg, J H AU - Kemp, A AU - Mannio, J AU - Monteith, D T AU - Wilander, A AD - Environ. Prot. Agency, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, stoddardail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/07/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 07 SP - 575 EP - 578 PB - Macmillan Journals Ltd. VL - 401 IS - 6753 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Canada, Ontario KW - Europe KW - USA, New York, Adirondack Mts. KW - USA, New York, Catskill Mts. KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Water sampling KW - Chemical limnology KW - Limnology KW - Freshwater KW - Acidification KW - Regional analysis KW - Acid rain KW - Chemistry of precipitation KW - Aquatic environment KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Chemical analysis KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17337836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Regional+trends+in+aquatic+recovery+from+acidification+in+North+America+and+Europe&rft.au=Stoddard%2C+J+L%3BJeffries%2C+D+S%3BLuekeswille%2C+A%3BClair%2C+T+A%3BDillon%2C+P+J%3BDriscoll%2C+C+T%3BForsius%2C+M%3BJohannessen%2C+M%3BKahl%2C+J+S%3BKellogg%2C+J+H%3BKemp%2C+A%3BMannio%2C+J%3BMonteith%2C+D+T%3BWilander%2C+A&rft.aulast=Stoddard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-07&rft.volume=401&rft.issue=6753&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Acid rain; Water sampling; Atmospheric chemistry; Chemical limnology; Limnology; Acidification; Chemical analysis; Aquatic environment; Pollutant deposition; Regional analysis; Chemistry of precipitation; Canada, Ontario; USA, New York, Catskill Mts.; Europe; USA, New York, Adirondack Mts.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emission of Pesticides into the Air AN - 755135067; 13634123 AB - During and after the application of a pesticide in agriculture, a substantial fraction of the dosage may enter the atmosphere and be transported over varying distances downwind of the target. The rate and extent of the emission during application, predominantly as spray particle drift, depends primarily on the application method (equipment and technique), the formulation and environmental conditions, whereas the emission after application depends primarily on the properties of the pesticide, soils, crops and environmental conditions. The fraction of the dosage that misses the target area may be high in some cases and more experimental data on this loss term are needed for various application types and weather conditions. Such data are necessary to test spray drift models, and for further model development and verification as well. Following application, the emission of soil fumigants and soil incorporated pesticides into the air can be measured and computed with reasonable accuracy, but further model development is needed to improve the reliability of the model predictions. For soil surface applied pesticides reliable measurement methods are available, but there is not yet a reliable model. Further model development is required which must be verified by field experiments. Few data are available on pesticide volatilization from plants and more field experiments are also needed to study the fate processes on the plants. Once this information is available, a model needs to be developed to predict the volatilization of pesticides from plants, which, again, should be verified with field measurements. For regional emission estimates, a link between data on the temporal and spatial pesticide use and a geographical information system for crops and soils with their characteristics is needed. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - van den Berg, F AU - Kubiak, R AU - Benjey, W G AU - Majewski AU - Yates AU - Reeves, G L AU - Smelt, J H AU - van der Linden, AMA AD - Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division, Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA, NERL, f.vandenberg@sc.dlo.nl Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 195 EP - 218 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 115 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Weather KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Sprays KW - agriculture KW - fumigants KW - Particulates KW - Soil contamination KW - Weather conditions KW - Atmosphere KW - Crops KW - Soil KW - Soil pollution KW - Pesticides KW - Emission measurements KW - Emissions KW - Geographic information systems KW - Environmental conditions KW - Wind KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755135067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Emission+of+Pesticides+into+the+Air&rft.au=van+den+Berg%2C+F%3BKubiak%2C+R%3BBenjey%2C+W+G%3BMajewski%3BYates%3BReeves%2C+G+L%3BSmelt%2C+J+H%3Bvan+der+Linden%2C+AMA&rft.aulast=van+den+Berg&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005234329622 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil pollution; Atmospheric pollution; Atmospheric pollution models; Weather conditions; Weather; Sprays; agriculture; Soil contamination; Particulates; fumigants; Atmosphere; Crops; Soil; Pesticides; Emissions; Emission measurements; Geographic information systems; Environmental conditions; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005234329622 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response to inhaled grain dust. AN - 70764293; 10508823 AB - Interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and the secreted form of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1RA) are involved in the inflammatory response to inhaled grain dust. Previously, we found considerable production of these cytokines in the lower respiratory tract of workers exposed by inhalation to aqueous extracts of corn dust extract. Alveolar macrophages (AM) have long been considered the cell type responsible for producing these cytokines, and only recently has it been realized that airway epithelial cells may also be involved in cytokine production. In order to determine whether airway epithelia are involved in the inflammatory response to inhaled corn dust extract and to compare the magnitude of response of bronchial epithelial cells (BE) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, we used the reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) technique in a semiquantitative manner to evaluate the concentration of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and sIL-1RA. Alveolar cells were obtained by BAL, and BE were obtained by endobronchial brush biopsy from 15 grain handlers 6 h after experimental inhalation of saline or an aqueous corn dust extract. After inhalation of saline, BE expressed low but detectable levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1beta (> 1 complementary DNA [cDNA] molecule/cell). After inhalation of corn dust extract, the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for IL-1beta and IL-8 in the BE were significantly increased, whereas no change was seen in IL-6, sIL-1RA, and TNF-alpha mRNA expression. Comparing cytokine mRNA levels in BE and BAL cells from the same subjects after inhalation of corn dust extract, BE and BAL cells expressed equivalent amounts of IL-8 mRNA; IL-1beta was 11-fold higher in BAL cells; and TNF-alpha and sIL-1RA were expressed exclusively by BAL cells. Immunostaining for the cytokines in BAL cells showed cytokine protein expression in AMs but not in polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). On the other hand, sIL-1RA was strongly expressed in both AMs and PMNs. Analysis of cytokine protein levels in endobronchial lavage (EBL) fluid demonstrated that only IL-8 was released in detectable amounts into the airway lumen, whereas all the other cytokines of interest were exclusively found in the BAL fluid. Thus, within 6 h after inhalation exposure to corn dust extract, BE appear to contribute to airway inflammation by producing IL-8. AMs are responsible for most of the IL-1beta and IL-6 production in the alveolar region, whereas AMs and PMNs both produce sIL-1RA. Our findings suggest that the inflammatory response to inhaled grain dust is compartmentalized, involving specific mediators of inflammation released by macrophages, neutrophils, and airway epithelial cells. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Becker, S AU - Clapp, W A AU - Quay, J AU - Frees, K L AU - Koren, H S AU - Schwartz, D A AD - U.S. EPA NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1309 EP - 1318 VL - 160 IS - 4 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Interleukin-8 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Interleukin-1 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Interleukin-6 -- metabolism KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Receptors, Interleukin-1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Inflammation KW - Neutrophils -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Respiratory Mucosa -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-1 -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Bronchi -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - Adolescent KW - Interleukin-8 -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Zea mays KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Dust -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70764293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Compartmentalization+of+the+inflammatory+response+to+inhaled+grain+dust.&rft.au=Becker%2C+S%3BClapp%2C+W+A%3BQuay%2C+J%3BFrees%2C+K+L%3BKoren%2C+H+S%3BSchwartz%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative measurement of Stachybotrys chartarum conidia using real time detection of PCR products with the TaqMan(TM)fluorogenic probe system. AN - 70764066; 10508554 AB - The occurrence of Stachybotrys chartarum in indoor environments has been associated with a number of human health concerns, including fatal pulmonary haemosiderosis in infants. Currently used culture-based and microscopic methods of fungal species identification are poorly suited to providing quick and accurate estimates of airborne human exposures to the toxin containing conidia of this organism. In this study, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product analysis using the TaqManU fluorogenic probe system and an Applied Biosystems PrismS model 7700 sequence detection instrument (model 7700) was applied to the specific detection of S. chartarum ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences. Based upon this assay and a recently reported comparative cycle threshold method for quantifying target DNA sequences using data from the model 7700, a simple method for the direct quantification of S. chartarum conidia was developed. In analyses of samples containing several different strains and from two to over 2x10(5)cells, this method consistently provided quantitative estimates of S. chartarum conidia that were within a one-fold range (50-200%) of those determined on the basis of direct microscopic counts in a haemocytometer. The method showed a similar level of agreement with direct counting in the quantification of S. chartarum conidia in air samples collected from several contaminated homes. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Haugland, R A AU - Vesper, S J AU - Wymer, L J AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA.haugland.rich@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 329 EP - 340 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - DNA, Ribosomal KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - DNA, Ribosomal -- analysis KW - Environmental Microbiology KW - DNA, Fungal -- analysis KW - Stachybotrys -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70764066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=Quantitative+measurement+of+Stachybotrys+chartarum+conidia+using+real+time+detection+of+PCR+products+with+the+TaqMan%28TM%29fluorogenic+probe+system.&rft.au=Haugland%2C+R+A%3BVesper%2C+S+J%3BWymer%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Haugland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data quality objectives in environmental research planning. AN - 69507919; 11191120 AB - This paper presents highlights of a Data Quality Objectives course relating the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) seven step research planning process to research efforts at the U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, in Duluth, Minnesota. Introductory materials were derived from "Guidance for the Data Quality Objectives Process, EPA QA/G-4." Case studies illustrate decisions that were made during the systematic planning process and subsequent experimentation. This paper demonstrates how the Data Quality Objectives Process clearly links research goals and objectives with the final product. Application of the process to environmental research ensures that environmental research data are of known, credible, defensible and usable quality. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Batterman, A R AU - Batterman, S L AU - Jensen, K M AU - Whiteman, F W AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA. batterman.allan@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 181 EP - 194 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Data Collection -- standards KW - Animals KW - Trout -- growth & development KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Trout -- physiology KW - Decision Making KW - Dioxins -- toxicity KW - Organizational Case Studies KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Planning Techniques KW - Problem Solving KW - Social Responsibility KW - Environmental Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Quality Control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69507919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Data+quality+objectives+in+environmental+research+planning.&rft.au=Batterman%2C+A+R%3BBatterman%2C+S+L%3BJensen%2C+K+M%3BWhiteman%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Batterman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality science and quality assurance: observations of an environmental scientist. AN - 69506221; 11191123 AB - The purpose of this manuscript is to examine the relationship between quality science (QS) and quality assurance (QA). Many research scientists definitely want to do QS, but are afraid or do not want to do QA because they are intimidated by the QA process or they do not appreciate the benefits of QA. Therefore, the relationship between QS and QA is examined in this manuscript by an environmental scientist who has conducted 30 years of research in university, contract and government laboratories. To start, QS is defined in this paper as data that are published in the peer-reviewed literature. The quality of the research data is assumed by the general scientific population to be directly proportional to the status of the journal. For example, it is highly prestigious to have an article published in Science. At the U.S. EPA, the procedure for sending a manuscript to a journal for publication is the responsibility of the senior author. The senior author of an EPA-sponsored manuscript is expected to have the manuscript reviewed by the coauthors (they should also review the data), then the manuscript must be reviewed by at least two other scientists, one of whom must be from outside the authors' division. After this review and approval by management, the manuscript is sent to a peer-reviewed journal, where it is reviewed by several anonymous scientists as determined by the journal. After the comments of the reviewers are addressed, the manuscript can either be accepted or rejected for publication by the journal. For the purpose of this manuscript, the definition of QA is defined as the guarantee from a review team that the entire study was adequately and correctly conducted and recorded according to the study protocol. Many scientists view QS and QA as separate entities. From the scientist's perspective, QA procedures are not applicable to research studies, and should be used only for studies that will be submitted to either the EPA or the FDA for regulatory approval (i.e., Good Laboratory Practice [GLP] studies). However, QA can be applied to both types of studies. A QA review will examine all aspects of the study including data files (notebooks, protocols), as well as equipment, sample storage, actual experimental organisms (animals or cells) and the management of all study records. The data from a QA-reviewed study are therefore more defensible in a court of law, and more reproducible due to more through, chronological records. Generally speaking, few coauthors of a scientific manuscript analyze the raw data in the laboratory notebooks or inspect the laboratory equipment. Furthermore, coauthors generally have not been in the laboratory where the research was conducted in order to observe quality control measures. These are the areas where a QA review is extremely beneficial. In summary, data in the peer-reviewed literature do not undergo the same type of review as do data that have undergone a QA review. QA reviews assist EPA scientists in conducting and improving their research studies by identifying both excellent study practices and study deficiencies to be addressed, which thereby produces higher quality scientific data. In the opinion of this EPA Scientist and QA Manager, although QA reviews do require effort from the scientist, data from research studies are strengthened by QA review when compared to data from peer-reviewed studies that have not undergone a QA review. QA reviews should be viewed as part of the entire research process--a part that improves the overall quality of the data. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Hughes, T J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Experimental Toxicology Division, MD66, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Hughes.Thomas@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 225 EP - 235 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Peer Review, Research KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Quality Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69506221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Quality+science+and+quality+assurance%3A+observations+of+an+environmental+scientist.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research integrity: a government perspective. AN - 69506199; 11191122 AB - What is research integrity? At the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) research integrity can be defined as conducting and fostering research to define, anticipate, and understand environmental problems; and generating sound, appropriate, credible, and effective solutions to those problems. Whether in government, academia, or industry, integrity is required at all stages of research--from data generation to data analysis. What constitutes research integrity? Simply put, Did we do the right thing? Did we do it the right way? Did we honestly document what we did? This is especially important if the research is used as a basis for public policy. The extensive and intensive use of the results of science in EPA's standard setting, regulatory, and enforcement responsibilities means that scientific misconduct can lead to costly and inappropriate actions through unnecessary expenditure or inadequate protection. The soundness, effectiveness, and credibility of EPA's regulations ultimately rest on the scientific and technical bases for these actions. Careful attention to research record keeping can help ensure data quality and integrity. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, its research requirements, and the work of the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory are discussed below. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Birnbaum, L S AU - Culpepper, B T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Experimental Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 217 EP - 224 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Inservice Training KW - Risk Management KW - Scientific Misconduct KW - Risk Assessment KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Quality Control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69506199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Research+integrity%3A+a+government+perspective.&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+L+S%3BCulpepper%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Never audit alone--the case for audit teams. AN - 69503520; 11246485 AB - On-site audits, conducted by technical and quality assurance (QA) experts at the data-gathering location, are the core of an effective QA program. However, inadequate resources for such audits are the bane of a QA program and, frequently, the proposed solution is to send only one auditor to the study site. There are several reasons why audits should be performed by more than one person: 1. Audits of EPA projects frequently involve hazardous chemicals or other environmental hazards. They also often involve working after normal work hours in remote locations with dangerous equipment. It is unsafe to work alone under such conditions. 2. Skills: Many of EPA's projects are multidisciplinary, involving multiple measurements systems, several environmental media, and complex automated data collection and analysis systems. It is unlikely that one auditor would have the requisite skills to assess all of these operations. 3. Separateness: Two auditors can provide two (sometimes differing) perspectives on problems encountered during an audit. Two auditors can provide complementary expertise and work experience. Two auditors can provide twice the surveillance power. 4. Support: The operations that need to be assessed are sometimes in different parts of a site, requiring two auditing devices or considerable commuting time. Also, auditors are occasionally diverted by managers wishing to show their best efforts rather than the whole operation; if two auditors are on-site, one can interview managers while the other talks with technical staff. If there is a dispute, one auditor can support the other in verifying observations. 5. Savings: Although sending one auditor is perceived to be a cost-saving measure, it may be more economical to send two auditors. Time on site (lodging, food) is decreased, more of the project is assessed in one visit, less pre-audit training is required, and report preparation is accelerated. In summary, sending more than one auditor on a field audit is smarter, safer and more effective, and can be less expensive in the long run. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Adams, N H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Technical Services Branch, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 195 EP - 200 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Professional Competence KW - Quality Control KW - Environmental Health KW - Industry -- standards KW - Institutional Management Teams KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Management Audit -- organization & administration KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69503520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Never+audit+alone--the+case+for+audit+teams.&rft.au=Adams%2C+N+H&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality assurance growing pains: a state perspective on implementing an organizational-wide quality system in environmental laboratories. AN - 69503421; 11191121 AB - To implement an effective and efficient quality system in a network of established environmental testing laboratories requires a committed long-term effort that is potentially fraught with multiple obstacles. This presentation discusses one state's ongoing efforts at implementing such a system. First is the need to convince management of the rationale for a quality systems-based approach versus the traditional QA/QC program. Once development of a quality system has been sanctioned, a team-based approach utilizing project planning tools is a good way to approach the effort. Resources are assigned to the development of key quality system components, and generally a phased-deployment or roll-out works best. Once implementation is underway, assuring operational utilization and compliance with the quality system are vital steps in the process. Important to successful implementation is ongoing assessment and refinement of the quality system. Fundamental and key elements of the laboratory quality system are numerous and need to work in concert with each other. Quality system elements to be discussed in the presentation range from management and QA roles and functions to the typical documentation of laboratory policies and procedures. Numerous QA assessment tools and other vital quality system practices that play an important role in making a complete quality system are addressed. In addition, efforts must be undertaken to integrate the laboratory quality system with other management systems within the organization. The bottom line is that all environmental laboratories need a quality system more now than ever. Data users need it. Customers' expectations for data quality are high. USEPA policy and/or programs call for it. Additionally, good quality systems can benefit the organization in multiple ways and help avoid the "pay-me-now or pay-me-later" syndrome. In conclusion, all environmental testing laboratories (i.e., academic, private, commercial and especially governmental) need to invest in and implement a quality system based on a recognized standard (e.g., NELAC, ISO 17025, ANSI/ASQC E-4). The author recommends pursuing NELAP laboratory accreditation with a NELAP-recognized accrediting authority. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Siders, S D AD - Divisional Quality Assurance Officer, Division of Laboratories, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 1021 North Grand Avenue East, Springfield, Illinois, USA. Scott.Siders@epa.state.il.us PY - 1999 SP - 207 EP - 216 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Index Medicus KW - Systems Integration KW - Illinois KW - Institutional Management Teams KW - Systems Analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Quality Control KW - Laboratories -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69503421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Quality+assurance+growing+pains%3A+a+state+perspective+on+implementing+an+organizational-wide+quality+system+in+environmental+laboratories.&rft.au=Siders%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Siders&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validating existing data in the Environmental Technology Verification Program. AN - 69498978; 11246486 AB - Establishing the credibility of existing data is an ongoing issue, particularly when the data sets are to be used for a secondary purpose, i.e., not the original reason for which they were collected. If the secondary purpose is similar to the primary purpose, the potential user may have little difficulty establishing credibility since the acceptance criteria for both purposes should be similar. If the secondary purpose is different, then data credibility may be more difficult to establish because the experiment generating the data may not have been conducted optimally for the secondary purpose and all of the necessary quality assurance data ("metadata") may not have been collected. In either case, a process will be required to determine the acceptability of the data. For this reason, at the time the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) program was established, similar certification and verification programs run by states or foreign countries routinely used existing data sets, for cost reasons, rather than generate new data by testing. The issue of whether existing data could be used in the ETV program immediately surfaced. In response, a policy and a process that addressed existing data were written and published in Appendix C of the ETV Quality and Management Plan (Hayes et al., 1998). This paper discusses how the ETV program determines the credibility of existing data used to verify the performance of environmental technologies. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Wasson, S J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Technical Services Branch, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 201 EP - 206 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Organizational Policy KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Quality Control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69498978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Validating+existing+data+in+the+Environmental+Technology+Verification+Program.&rft.au=Wasson%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Wasson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National estimates of outdoor air toxics concentrations. AN - 69385967; 10616743 AB - The Clean Air Act identifies 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), or "air toxics," associated with a wide range of adverse human health effects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has conducted a modeling study with the Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide (ASPEN) to gain a greater understanding of the spatial distribution of concentrations of these HAPs resulting from contributions of multiple emission sources. The study estimates year 1990 long-term outdoor concentrations of 148 air toxics for each census tract in the continental United States, utilizing a Gaussian air dispersion modeling approach. Ratios of median national modeled concentrations to estimated emissions indicate that emission totals without consideration of emission source type can be a misleading indicator of air quality. The results also indicate priorities for improvements in modeling methodology and emissions identification. Model performance evaluation suggests a tendency for underprediction of observed concentrations, which is likely due, at least in part, to a number of limitations of the Gaussian modeling formulation. Emissions estimates for HAPs have a high degree of uncertainty and contribute to discrepancies between modeled and monitored concentration estimates. The model's ranking of concentrations among monitoring sites is reasonably good for most of the gaseous HAPs evaluated, with ranking accuracy ranging from 66 to 100%. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) AU - Rosenbaum, A S AU - Axelrad, D A AU - Woodruff, T J AU - Wei, Y H AU - Ligocki, M P AU - Cohen, J P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1138 EP - 1152 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69385967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.atitle=National+estimates+of+outdoor+air+toxics+concentrations.&rft.au=Rosenbaum%2C+A+S%3BAxelrad%2C+D+A%3BWoodruff%2C+T+J%3BWei%2C+Y+H%3BLigocki%2C+M+P%3BCohen%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health risk above the reference dose for multiple chemicals. AN - 69354674; 10597609 AB - Recent work indicates that the regression of toxicity data viewed as categories of pathological staging is useful for exploring the likely health risk at doses above a Reference Dose (RfD), which is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Toxic effects, which may include both quantal and continuous data, are classified into ordered categories of total toxic severity (e.g., none, mild, adverse, severe). These severity categories are regressed on explanatory variables, such as dose or exposure duration, to estimate the probability of observing an adverse or severe effect. In this paper, categorical regression has been expanded to compare the likely risks across multiple chemicals when exposures are above their RfDs. Existing health risk data for diazinon, disulfoton, S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate, fenamiphos, and lindane were analyzed. As expected, the estimated risks of adverse effects above the RfD varied among the chemicals. For example, at 10-fold above the RfD these risks were modeled to be 0.002, 0.0001, 0.0007, 0.002, and 0.02, respectively. The results and impacts of this analysis indicate that categorical regression is a useful screening tool to analyze risks above the RfD for specific chemicals and suggest its application in evaluating comparative risks where multiple chemical exposures exist. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Teuschler, L K AU - Dourson, M L AU - Stiteler, W M AU - McClure, P AU - Tully, H AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - S19 EP - S26 VL - 30 IS - 2 Pt 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Thiocarbamates KW - fenamiphos KW - 22224-92-6 KW - Disulfoton KW - 3CY5EKL6MT KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - EPTC KW - R7PI3287F4 KW - Diazinon KW - YUS1M1Q929 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Regression Analysis KW - Lindane -- toxicity KW - Diazinon -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Thiocarbamates -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Models, Biological KW - Disulfoton -- toxicity KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- toxicity KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69354674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Health+risk+above+the+reference+dose+for+multiple+chemicals.&rft.au=Teuschler%2C+L+K%3BDourson%2C+M+L%3BStiteler%2C+W+M%3BMcClure%2C+P%3BTully%2C+H&rft.aulast=Teuschler&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2+Pt+2&rft.spage=S19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derivation of wildlife values for mercury. AN - 69353489; 10596301 AB - A procedure has been developed to estimate surface water concentrations of toxicants ("wildlife values") that will protect the viability of wildlife populations associated with aquatic resources. This procedure was designed primarily to protect piscivorous birds and mammals from compounds that bioaccumulate in fish and was used in the Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLI) to calculate wildlife values (WV) for mercury, DDT/DDE, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). Published in 1995, and expressed as total mercury in unfiltered water, the final wildlife value (WVf) for mercury derived in the GLI was 1300 pg Hg/L. This value was selected as the wildlife criterion (WC) for mercury in the Great Lakes basin. A second WVf for mercury was derived in 1997 as part of a Congressionally mandated report on airborne mercury emissions. These calculations were based upon mercury speciation data that were largely unavailable when the GLI was developed. Important features of the WVf in the Report to Congress include its calculation on a dissolved methylmercury basis and a reliance on field data to estimate fish bioaccumulation factors. Calculated as methylmercury in filtered water, the WVf derived in the report is 50 pg Hg/L (equivalent to 54 pg MeHg/L). A comparison of WV in the GLI and the Report to Congress requires that average values be specified for mercury speciation in natural systems. Based on this information, the WVf given in the report corresponds to a value of 910 pg Hg/L, as total mercury in unfiltered water, or about 70% of the WVf derived in the GLI. In this article we describe the algorithm used to derive WV in the GLI and the Report to Congress and review its application to mercury. Scientific uncertainties in deriving WV, particularly as they apply to mercury, are critically examined. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews AU - Nichols, J AU - Bradbury, S AU - Swartout, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota 55616, USA. nichols.john@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 325 EP - 355 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Mammals KW - Fishes KW - Birds KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Mercury -- toxicity KW - Animals, Wild UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69353489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+wildlife+values+for+mercury.&rft.au=Nichols%2C+J%3BBradbury%2C+S%3BSwartout%2C+J&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of organic pollutants. AN - 69350526; 10596831 AB - Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has a unique capability for separation of analytes of environmental concern, particularly those that are more polar and ionic, based on the complementary separation principle of electrophoresis. In the past few years, CE has been selectively used to analyze various classes of compounds having current or potential environmental relevance. This review outlines the current status of CE for the determination of environmental pollutants, based predominantly on research results published from the beginning of 1997 to early 1999. Covered are environmental pollutants of all types except pesticides and inorganics. Certain naturally produced toxins are also covered because of their significant impacts upon human health and the environment. CE methods, as with all methods, must be judged on their ability to provide approaches that are reliable, sensitive, selective, and rapid, while meeting "green chemistry" initiatives for pollution prevention. We also compare CE methods to benchmark environmental techniques involving gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). JF - Electrophoresis AU - Sovocool, G W AU - Brumley, W C AU - Donnelly, J R AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA. sovocool.wayne@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 3297 EP - 3310 VL - 20 IS - 15-16 SN - 0173-0835, 0173-0835 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - Coloring Agents KW - DNA Adducts KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Humic Substances KW - Phenols KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Toxins, Biological KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humic Substances -- analysis KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- analysis KW - Coloring Agents -- analysis KW - Toxins, Biological -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Phenols -- analysis KW - Chromatography -- methods KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69350526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrophoresis&rft.atitle=Capillary+electrophoresis+and+capillary+electrochromatography+of+organic+pollutants.&rft.au=Sovocool%2C+G+W%3BBrumley%2C+W+C%3BDonnelly%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Sovocool&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=15-16&rft.spage=3297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electrophoresis&rft.issn=01730835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of laundry detergent components to a freshwater cladoceran and their contribution to detergent toxicity. AN - 69292601; 10571467 AB - The toxicity of 39 laundry detergent components including surfactants, enzymes, builders, fabric brighteners, fillers, and coloring agents to the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia was determined. The difference between the most and the least toxic components was approximately 17,000-fold and 1,000,000-fold for the mg/L and mmol/L EC50 data, respectively. Two of the components had high toxicity (EC50 values 10 mg/L). Analysis revealed that mixtures of the components interacted antagonistically, additively, and synergistically. On a molarity basis the most toxic group of compounds was the surfactants followed by the brighteners. The most toxic individual components included sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium silicate solution, four brighteners, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, and the surfactants. Many of the most toxic components, however, contributed very little to the toxicity of the detergents due to being present in the detergents at low concentrations. The main contributors to the toxicity of detergents were the sodium silicate solution and the surfactants-with the remainder of the components contributing very little to detergent toxicity. The potential for acute aquatic toxic effects due to the release of secondary or tertiary sewage effluents containing the breakdown products of laundry detergents may frequently be low. However, untreated or primary treated effluents containing detergents may pose a problem. Chronic and/or other sublethal effects that were not examined in this study may also pose a problem. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Warne, M S AU - Schifko, A D AD - Ecotoxicology Section of the Environment Protection Authority of NSW, EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. warnem@epa.nsw.gov.au Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 196 EP - 206 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Detergents KW - 0 KW - Surface-Active Agents KW - Water Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Surface-Active Agents -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Detergents -- toxicity KW - Detergents -- chemistry KW - Crustacea -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69292601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+laundry+detergent+components+to+a+freshwater+cladoceran+and+their+contribution+to+detergent+toxicity.&rft.au=Warne%2C+M+S%3BSchifko%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Warne&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone-induced respiratory symptoms: exposure-response models and association with lung function. AN - 69288340; 10573232 AB - Ozone-induced respiratory symptoms are known to be functions of concentration, minute ventilation, and duration of exposure. The purposes of this study were to identify an exposure-response model for symptoms, to determine whether response was related to age, and to assess the relationships between symptom and lung function responses to ozone. Four hundred and eighty-five healthy male volunteers (ages 18-35 yrs) were exposed to one of six ozone concentrations at one of three activity levels for 2 h. Symptoms and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were assessed at the end of 1 and 2 h. The exposure and response data were fitted by a nonlinear exposure-response model previously found to describe FEV1 response. The proportion of individuals experiencing moderate or severe cough, shortness of breath, and pain on deep inspiration were accurately described as functions of concentration, minute ventilation, and time. Response was inversely related to age for shortness of breath (p=0.0001), pain on deep inspiration (p=0.0002), and cough (p=0.0013). Controlling for exposure differences, symptom responses were significantly but weakly (correlation coefficient 0.30-0.41) related to the FEV1 response. In conclusion, the exposure-response model did accurately predict symptoms, response was inversely related to age. JF - The European respiratory journal AU - McDonnell, W F AU - Stewart, P W AU - Smith, M V AU - Pan, W K AU - Pan, J AD - Human Studies Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC 27599-7315, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 845 EP - 853 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0903-1936, 0903-1936 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Exercise Test KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Forced Expiratory Volume -- drug effects KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- adverse effects KW - Dyspnea -- physiopathology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Dyspnea -- chemically induced KW - Cough -- physiopathology KW - Lung -- physiopathology KW - Ozone -- adverse effects KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Cough -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69288340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+European+respiratory+journal&rft.atitle=Ozone-induced+respiratory+symptoms%3A+exposure-response+models+and+association+with+lung+function.&rft.au=McDonnell%2C+W+F%3BStewart%2C+P+W%3BSmith%2C+M+V%3BPan%2C+W+K%3BPan%2C+J&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+European+respiratory+journal&rft.issn=09031936&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gestational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) severely alters reproductive function of female hamster offspring. AN - 69226343; 10543027 AB - Low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), administered as a single dose to the dam during gestation, alter development of the fetal rodent reproductive system. In male rat and hamster offspring, dosing with TCDD during gestation reduces epididymal and ejaculated sperm counts and delays puberty. In female rats, in utero TCDD-exposure results in reduced ovarian weight and fecundity, and induces cleft phallus and a persistent thread of tissue across the vaginal orifice. Here, we demonstrate that 2-microgram TCDD/kg, administered as a single oral dose prior to sexual differentiation, alters reproductive function in female hamster offspring, a species relatively resistant to the lethal effects of TCDD. In the current study, pregnant hamsters (P0 generation) were dosed orally with vehicle (corn oil) or 2 micrograms TCDD/kg on gestational day (GD) 11.5. P0 maternal viability, body weight, fertility, and F1 litter size did not differ between control and treated groups. In the F1 generation, body weights were permanently reduced by about 30%, vaginal opening was delayed (p < 0.0001), and vaginal estrous cycles were altered by TCDD treatment. In contrast, most treated female offspring displayed regular 4-day behavioral estrous cycles, indicating that in utero TCDD treatment did not markedly disrupt hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormonal cyclicity. Although both control and TCDD-treated F1 females mated successfully with a control male (estrous cyclicity was abolished by mating), 20% of the F1 treated females did not become not pregnant (no implants). In addition, 38% of pregnant F1 females from the TCDD group died near-term, and the numbers of implants in pregnant animals (treated 5.1 versus 11.3) and pups born live (2.7 treated vs. 8.7 control) were reduced by TCDD-treatment. In the F2, survival through weaning was drastically reduced (15% treated vs. 78% for control) by TCDD treatment of P0 dams. F1 female hamster offspring exposed in utero to TCDD displayed external urogenital malformations, with most females having complete clefting of the phallus, an effect previously reported in the rat. Unlike rats exposed to TCDD (0.2-1.0 microgram/kg) on GD 15 or GD 8, hamster offspring did not display vaginal threads. These results demonstrate that in utero administration of TCDD adversely affects growth, reproductive function, and anatomy in female hamster offspring given a dosage level nearly four orders of magnitude below the dosage level toxic to the adult animal. Adverse effects of TCDD persisted through two generations (F1 and F2), even though the F1 was only indirectly exposed during gestation and lactation. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Wolf, C J AU - Ostby, J S AU - Gray, L E AD - Endocrinology Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 259 EP - 264 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Vagina -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Litter Size -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Vagina -- growth & development KW - Estrus -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Sexual Maturation -- drug effects KW - Sexual Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Mesocricetus KW - Embryo Implantation -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Growth -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Cricetinae KW - Fertility -- drug effects KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Animals, Newborn -- growth & development KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69226343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Gestational+exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29+severely+alters+reproductive+function+of+female+hamster+offspring.&rft.au=Wolf%2C+C+J%3BOstby%2C+J+S%3BGray%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of landscape metrics for characterizing riparian-stream networks AN - 52373808; 2000-026890 AB - Sampling methods and functionally related landscape metrics were developed for characterizing riparian-stream networks using aerial photography and GIS. A sample area was empirically derived by using morphological characteristics of increasing portions of the stream network surrounding points selected on streams. GIS functions were used to band stream networks in 10-m increments to a distance of 300 m, within which land cover was interpreted from aerial photographs and digitized. Incremental banding is an effective approach for characterizing the composition and pattern of land cover as a function of distance from the stream network. Structural attributes that capture the linear nature of riparian-stream networks, such as the composition, width, longitudinal extent, and connectivity of woody vegetation, were characterized. The methods developed provide a flexible framework for deriving landscape metrics of functionally important structural attributes of riparian-stream networks for exploring relationships at varying spatial scales with indicators of stream ecological condition. JF - Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing AU - Schuft, Michael J AU - Moser, Thomas J AU - Wigington, P J, Jr AU - Stevens, Don L AU - McAllister, Lynne S AU - Chapman, Shannen S AU - Ernst, Ted L Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1157 EP - 1168 PB - American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, VA VL - 65 IS - 10 SN - 0099-1112, 0099-1112 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - landform description KW - rivers and streams KW - Willamette River basin KW - vegetation KW - Oregon KW - riparian environment KW - geographic information systems KW - aerial photography KW - information systems KW - ecology KW - landscapes KW - fluvial environment KW - land use KW - remote sensing KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Development+of+landscape+metrics+for+characterizing+riparian-stream+networks&rft.au=Schuft%2C+Michael+J%3BMoser%2C+Thomas+J%3BWigington%2C+P+J%2C+Jr%3BStevens%2C+Don+L%3BMcAllister%2C+Lynne+S%3BChapman%2C+Shannen+S%3BErnst%2C+Ted+L&rft.aulast=Schuft&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=00991112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - CODEN - PGMEA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerial photography; ecology; fluvial environment; geographic information systems; hydrology; information systems; land use; landform description; landscapes; Oregon; remote sensing; riparian environment; rivers and streams; United States; vegetation; Willamette River basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ambient monitoring network; 25 years of ground water quality in the State of Ohio AN - 51967084; 2003-050719 JF - Midwest Ground Water Conference AU - Slattery, Michael AU - Slattery, Linda AU - Musser, Kathy AU - Kenah, Chris AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 55 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 44 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - water management KW - water resources KW - geochemistry KW - environmental analysis KW - Ohio KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51967084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Midwest+Ground+Water+Conference&rft.atitle=The+ambient+monitoring+network%3B+25+years+of+ground+water+quality+in+the+State+of+Ohio&rft.au=Slattery%2C+Michael%3BSlattery%2C+Linda%3BMusser%2C+Kathy%3BKenah%2C+Chris%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Slattery&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Midwest+Ground+Water+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 44th annual Midwest ground water conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03005 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; environmental analysis; geochemistry; ground water; monitoring; Ohio; United States; water management; water quality; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mobilization of PAHs and PCBs from in-place contaminated marine sediments during simulated resuspension events AN - 50075619; 2010-020812 JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science AU - Latimer, J S AU - Davis, W R AU - Keith, D J Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 577 EP - 595 PB - Elsevier, London VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0272-7714, 0272-7714 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Black River Harbor KW - Providence River KW - Narragansett Bay KW - Rhode Island KW - Bridgeport Connecticut KW - PCBs KW - Rocky Point KW - bedding KW - marine sediments KW - Washington County Rhode Island KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - southern Connecticut KW - organic carbon KW - sedimentary structures KW - pollutants KW - suspension KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - Connecticut KW - Fairfield County Connecticut KW - planar bedding structures KW - organic compounds KW - south-central Rhode Island KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - mobilization KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50075619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+and+risk%3A+An+overview&rft.au=Zenick%2C+H%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Zenick&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02727714 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; bedding; Black River Harbor; Bridgeport Connecticut; carbon; chlorinated hydrocarbons; Connecticut; Fairfield County Connecticut; halogenated hydrocarbons; hydrocarbons; marine sediments; mobilization; Narragansett Bay; organic carbon; organic compounds; PCBs; planar bedding structures; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Providence River; Rhode Island; Rocky Point; sedimentary structures; sediments; solutes; south-central Rhode Island; southern Connecticut; suspension; United States; Washington County Rhode Island DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1999.0516 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking environmental agents and autoimmune disease: an agenda for future research. AN - 21251109; 11702211 AB - Autoimmune diseases are influenced by multiple factors including genetics, age, gender, reproductive status, hormones, and potential environmental contaminants. A workshop, "Linking Environmental Agents and Autoimmune Diseases," was convened at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 1-3 September 1998, to review current knowledge about links between environmental exposures and autoimmune disease, to identify and prioritize research needs, and to develop an integrated, multidisciplinary research agenda. Participants spent the last half-day of the workshop in small group discussions for the purpose of developing consensus on research needs. Research needs identified were a) develop research tools needed to explore links between environmental agents and autoimmune disease; b) establish a disease registry or surveillance system; c) develop and validate strategies for screening chemicals for the potential to induce or exacerbate autoimmune disease; d) develop an emergency response strategy to gain information from accidental exposures; and e) conduct hypothesis-driven research in occupationally exposed groups and/or in experimental animals. There was consensus that meetings like this workshop and projects that facilitate interactions between specialties should be encouraged. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to address this problem. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Selgrade, M K AU - Cooper, G S AU - Germolec, D R AU - Heindel, J J AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 811 EP - 813 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 107 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Age KW - Conferences KW - Autoimmune diseases KW - autoimmune diseases KW - Environmental health KW - Hormones KW - Reproductive status KW - Genetics KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Reviews KW - Gender KW - Parks KW - Contaminants KW - Occupational exposure KW - F 06930:Autoimmunity KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Linking+environmental+agents+and+autoimmune+disease%3A+an+agenda+for+future+research.&rft.au=Selgrade%2C+M+K%3BCooper%2C+G+S%3BGermolec%2C+D+R%3BHeindel%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Selgrade&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reproductive status; Age; Conferences; Reviews; Autoimmune diseases; Parks; Contaminants; Hormones; Chemicals; Genetics; Emergency preparedness; Gender; autoimmune diseases; Environmental health; Occupational exposure; USA, North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of New Ozone Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water AN - 17583147; 4639325 AB - Using a combination of spectral identification techniques - gas chromatography coupled with low- and high-resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry (GC/El-MS), low- and high-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/Cl-MS), and infrared spectroscopy (GC/IR) - we identified many drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed by ozone and combinations of ozone with chlorine and chloramine. Many of these DBPs have not been previously reported. In addition to conventional XAD resin extraction, both pentafluorobenzyl-hydroxylamine (PFBHA) and methylation derivatizations were used to aid in identifying some of the more polar DBPs. Many of the byproducts identified were not present in spectral library databases. The vast majority of the ozone DBPs identified contained oxygen in their structures, with no halogenated DBPs observed except when chlorine or chloramine was applied as a secondary disinfectant. In comparing byproducts formed by secondary treatment of chlorine or chloramine, chloramine appeared to form the same types of halogenated DBPs as chlorine, but they were generally fewer in number and lower in concentration. Most of the halogenated DBPs that were formed by ozone-chlorine and ozone-chloramine treatments were also observed in samples treated with chlorine or chloramine only. A few DBPs, however, were formed at higher levels in the ozone-chlorine and ozone-chloramine samples, indicating that the combination of ozone and chlorine or chloramine is important in their formation. These DBPs included dichloroacetaldehyde and 1,1-dichloropropanone. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Richardson, S D AU - Thruston, AD JR AU - Caughran, T V AU - Chen, PH AU - Collette, T W AU - Floyd, T L AU - Schenck, K M AU - Lykins, BW JR AU - Sun, G-R AU - Majetich, G AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA 30605, USA, richardson.susan@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 01 SP - 3368 EP - 3377 VL - 33 IS - 19 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - 1,1-Dichloropropanone KW - chloramine KW - chloramines KW - dichloroacetaldehyde KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Disinfection KW - Byproducts KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Chlorine KW - Gas Chromatography KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Drinking Water KW - Water treatment KW - Gas chromatography KW - Water Treatment KW - Ozone KW - Ozonation KW - Drinking water KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17583147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+New+Ozone+Disinfection+Byproducts+in+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Richardson%2C+S+D%3BThruston%2C+AD+JR%3BCaughran%2C+T+V%3BChen%2C+PH%3BCollette%2C+T+W%3BFloyd%2C+T+L%3BSchenck%2C+K+M%3BLykins%2C+BW+JR%3BSun%2C+G-R%3BMajetich%2C+G&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=3368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes981218c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drinking Water; Ozonation; Disinfection; Gas Chromatography; Water Treatment; Byproducts; Chlorine; Drinking water; Ozone; Mass spectrometry; Water treatment; Gas chromatography; Mass spectroscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es981218c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Six-Year Trend (1990-1995) of Wet Mercury Deposition in the Upper Midwest, U.S.A. AN - 17583114; 4639318 AB - Total wet mercury deposition was monitored weekly at six Upper Midwest, U.S.A. sites for a period of six years, 1990-1995, to assess temporal and spatial patterns and contributions to surface waters. Annual wet mercury deposition averaged 7.4 mu g Hg/m super(2) times yr and showed significant variations between sites and increased trends averaging 0.60 mu g Hg/m super(2) times yr [8%/yr] over the period (p < 0.0001). Warm (rain) season wet mercury deposition was found to average 77% of total annual wet deposition. Warm (rain) and cold (snow) season trends showed increases of 0.31 [5.5%/yr] and 0.29 mu g Hg/m super(2) times yr [17%/yr], respectively (p < 0.01). Average annual precipitation depth showed a nonsignificant increase of 0.25 cm/yr [0.4%/yr] for the period. Differences in precipitation depth, mercury concentrations, and wet mercury deposition among sites were noted. Methylmercury wet deposition, measured in 36 weekly samples, averaged about 0.18 ng/L [1.5% of total mercury] in rain and strongly correlated with total mercury, major ions, and precipitation depth. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Glass, GE AU - Sorensen, JA AD - National Health and Environmental Effects, Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA, gglass@d.umn.edu Y1 - 1999/10/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 01 SP - 3303 EP - 3312 VL - 33 IS - 19 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA, Midwest KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Historical account KW - Methylmercury KW - Methyl mercury KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Pollution detection KW - Snow KW - Mercury KW - Wet deposition KW - Rain KW - Air-water exchanges KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17583114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Six-Year+Trend+%281990-1995%29+of+Wet+Mercury+Deposition+in+the+Upper+Midwest%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Glass%2C+GE%3BSorensen%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=3303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9806736 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Pollution monitoring; Methyl mercury; Pollution detection; Air-water exchanges; Methylmercury; Historical account; Snow; Mercury; Rain; Wet deposition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9806736 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation and Toxicology: Integrating the Disciplines AN - 17581953; 4634404 AB - Global warming, ultraviolet radiation, and acid rain are large-scale environmental problems that concern conservation biologists. They are caused, to varying degrees, by human-generated pollution and consequently are also a concern of environmental toxicologists. These problems seem to be the major areas of overlap between conservation biologists and environmental toxicologists, overlap that is probably the result of two factors. First, there is a general tendency for scientists to specialize and fail to take advantage of the ideas and information in other fields. Second, environmental toxicology and conservation biology focus on different levels of biological organization. We believe that it is time for conservation biologists and environmental toxicologists to become more aware of their shared goals. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Hansen, L J AU - Johnson, M L AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, One Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, hansen.lara@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1225 EP - 1227 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Acid rain KW - Climatic changes KW - U.V. radiation KW - Global warming KW - Conservation KW - Toxicology KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Conservation+and+Toxicology%3A+Integrating+the+Disciplines&rft.au=Hansen%2C+L+J%3BJohnson%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conservation; Toxicology; Climatic changes; U.V. radiation; Acid rain; Global warming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of New Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts Formed in the Presence of Bromide AN - 17581677; 4639326 AB - Using a combination of mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy, disinfection byproducts were identified in ozonated drinking water containing elevated bromide levels and in ozonated water treated with secondary chlorine or chloramine. Only one brominated byproduct-dibromoacetonitrile-was found in the water treated with only ozone. This compound was found only in one of the three treatment rounds and was also present in the untreated, raw water but at levels 20 times lower than in the ozonated water. Many more byproducts were identified when secondary chlorine or chloramine was applied after ozonation. A number of these byproducts have not been reported previously. When comparing low- bromide water to water with elevated bromide, a tremendous shift in speciation was observed for samples treated with secondary chlorine or chloramine. Without high bromide levels, chlorinated species dominate (e.g., chloroform, trichloroacetaldehyde, tetrachloropropanone, dichloroacetonitrile, trichloronitromethane); with elevated bromide levels (1 mg/L), these shift to brominated species (e.g., bromoform, tribromoacetaldehyde, tetrabromopropanone, dibromoacetonitrile, tribromonitromethane). An entire family of bromo- and mixed chlorobromopropanones was identified that was not present in library databases and has not been reported previously. They were observed mainly in the ozone-chloramine samples but were also present in ozone-chlorine-treated water. These brominated byproducts were also observed in water treated with only chloramine or chlorine. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Richardson, S D AU - Thruston, AD JR AU - Caughran, T V AU - Chen, PH AU - Collette, T W AU - Floyd, T L AU - Schenck, K M AU - Lykins, BW Jr AU - Sun, G-R AU - Majetich, G AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA 30605, USA, richardson.susan@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 01 SP - 3378 EP - 3383 VL - 33 IS - 19 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - bromide KW - bromides KW - bromine KW - chloramine KW - dibromoacetonitrile KW - infrared spectroscopy KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Disinfection KW - Byproducts KW - Chlorides KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Chlorine KW - Spectroscopy KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Drinking Water KW - Water treatment KW - Bromides KW - Water Treatment KW - Ozone KW - Raw Water KW - Drinking water KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+New+Drinking+Water+Disinfection+Byproducts+Formed+in+the+Presence+of+Bromide&rft.au=Richardson%2C+S+D%3BThruston%2C+AD+JR%3BCaughran%2C+T+V%3BChen%2C+PH%3BCollette%2C+T+W%3BFloyd%2C+T+L%3BSchenck%2C+K+M%3BLykins%2C+BW+Jr%3BSun%2C+G-R%3BMajetich%2C+G&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=3378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9900297 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorides; Disinfection; Drinking Water; Ozone; Chlorine; Byproducts; Bromides; Water Treatment; Raw Water; Drinking water; Mass spectrometry; Spectroscopy; Water treatment; Mass spectroscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9900297 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlated factors in amphibian decline: Exotic species and habitat change in western Washington AN - 17492064; 4686056 AB - Amphibian declines may frequently be associated with multiple, correlated factors. In western North America, exotic species and hydrological changes are often correlated and are considered 2 of the greatest threats to freshwater systems. Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) introductions are frequently cited as a threat to lentic-breeding anurans native to western North America and are a suspected factor in the decline of red-legged frogs (Rana aurora) in California. Introduced fish and habitat change are cited less frequently but are equally viable hypotheses. I examined the relation among introduced species, habitat, and the distribution and abundance of red-legged frogs in western Washington. Red-legged frog occurrence in the Puget Lowlands was more closely associated with habitat structure and the presence of exotic fish than with the presence of bull-frogs. The spread of exotics is correlated with a shift toward greater permanence in wetland habitats regionally. Conservation of more ephemeral wetland habitats may have direct benefits for some native amphibians and may also reduce the threat of exotic fish and bullfrogs, both of which were associated with permanent wetlands. Research and conservation efforts for lowland anurans in the West should emphasize the complexities of multiple contributing factors to amphibian losses. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Adams, MJ AD - U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, mjadams@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1162 EP - 1171 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Bullfrog KW - Red-legged frog KW - Amphibians KW - USA, Washington KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Amphibia KW - Vegetation changes KW - Rana catesbeiana KW - Conservation KW - Wetlands KW - Introduced species KW - Population decline KW - Rana aurora KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17492064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Correlated+factors+in+amphibian+decline%3A+Exotic+species+and+habitat+change+in+western+Washington&rft.au=Adams%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rana catesbeiana; Rana aurora; Amphibia; Population decline; Introduced species; Vegetation changes; Wetlands; Conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benefits from managing farm produced nutrients AN - 17469315; 4660000 AB - Manures and fertilizers are applied to agricultural lands in excess of recommended amounts, resulting in widespread pollution of surface and ground water and contributing a substantial source of greenhouse gases associated with global warming. By developing policies that exploit the value of farm produced nutrients, input costs can be minimized. Better accounting for or crediting of farm produced nutrients is leading to economically beneficial conservation of fertilizer. In addition, hog producers who own enough land may benefit from properly managing manure nutrients. Poultry litter is valuable as fertilizer and can be marketed by independent dealers to farmers in nutrient deficit areas, with very modest assistance from the government. Dairy producers may modify their past income support programs to finance central compost facilities. Although nutrient problems were neglected in the past, recent Federal initiatives and joint initiatives with states exploit many of these and other opportunities to avoid excessive application of nutrients to the land. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Ogg, C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., PM 2121, Washington, D.C. 20460, ogg.clay@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1015 EP - 1021 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Manure KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Land Disposal KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Nutrients KW - Water quality control KW - Fertilizers KW - Land disposal KW - Water Quality Control KW - Pollution (Water) KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17469315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Benefits+from+managing+farm+produced+nutrients&rft.au=Ogg%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ogg&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Quality Control; Manure; Fertilizers; Agriculture; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Nutrients; Land Disposal; Water Pollution Sources; Water quality control; Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Land disposal; Pollution (Water) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial variability in mussels used to assess base level nitrogen isotope ratio in freshwater ecosystems AN - 17464286; 4668121 AB - Freshwater mussels have been used to establish base level nitrogen isotope ratio values ( super(15)N) used in trophic position and food web studies in freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we assess the variability introduced when using unionid mussels in this manner by investigating the spatial variation in super(15)N values in mussels from different locations in shallow freshwater ponds, and also differences in super(15)N in different tissue types in the mussels. Results from the analysis of adductor, foot and a section of the mantle tissues from mussels across all ponds showed that adductor tissue was consistently enriched by about 1ppt versus the mantle and foot. The foot showed the least variability which, coupled with ease in obtaining consistent samples, led us to select this tissue type for subsequent analysis. The six ponds included in the study had average mussel super(15)N values ranging from 4.9ppt to 11.9ppt. Four of the six ponds showed no significant within pond differences between super(15)N values from mussels collected at different sampling sites. The range of mussel super(15)N values obtained from within ponds showed that using data from a single mussel to assess baseline super(15)N values would result in the introduction of a maximum error of 0.56 of a trophic level to subsequent trophic position calculations. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - McKinney, R A AU - Lake, J L AU - Allen, M AU - Ryba, S AD - US EPA Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, U.S.A. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 17 EP - 24 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 412 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Bivalves KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Tissues KW - Isotopes KW - Freshwater environments KW - Unionidae KW - Freshwater KW - Trophic relationships KW - Ponds KW - Methodology KW - Bivalvia KW - Spatial variations KW - Freshwater molluscs KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Spatial heterogeneity KW - Nitrogen isotopes KW - Food webs KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits KW - Q1 08261:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17464286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Spatial+variability+in+mussels+used+to+assess+base+level+nitrogen+isotope+ratio+in+freshwater+ecosystems&rft.au=McKinney%2C+R+A%3BLake%2C+J+L%3BAllen%2C+M%3BRyba%2C+S&rft.aulast=McKinney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spatial variations; Tissues; Freshwater molluscs; Feeding behaviour; Nitrogen isotopes; Trophic relationships; Food webs; Ponds; Isotopes; Freshwater environments; Spatial heterogeneity; Methodology; Bivalvia; Unionidae; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stabilization of Heavy Metal Containing Hazardous Wastes with Byproducts from Advanced Clean Coal Technology Systems AN - 17445995; 4660091 AB - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the success of residues from advanced Clean Coal Technology (CCT) systems as stabilization agents for heavy metal containing hazardous wastes. In the context examined here, stabilization refers to techniques that reduce the toxicity of a waste by converting the hazardous constituents to a less soluble, mobile, or toxic form. Three advanced CCT byproducts were used: coal waste-fired circulating fluidized bed combustor residue, pressurized fluidized bed combustor residue, and spray drier residue. Seven metal-laden hazardous wastes were treated: three contaminated soils, two air pollution control dusts, wastewater treatment plant sludge, and sandblast waste. Each of the seven hazardous wastes was treated with each of the three CCT byproducts at dosages of 10, 30, and 50% by weight (byproduct:waste). The treatment effectiveness of each mixture was evaluated by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. Of the 63 mixtures evaluated, 21 produced non-hazardous residues. Treatment effectiveness can likely be attributed to mechanisms such as precipitation and encapsulation due to the formation of hydrated calcium silicates and calcium sulfo-aluminates. Results indicate that these residues have potential beneficial uses to the hazardous waste treatment community, possibly substituting for costly treatment chemicals. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Pritts, J W AU - Neufeld, R D AU - Cobb, J T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1190 EP - 1200 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Economics KW - Leaching KW - Waste treatment KW - Precipitation KW - Toxicity KW - Hazardous wastes KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17445995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Stabilization+of+Heavy+Metal+Containing+Hazardous+Wastes+with+Byproducts+from+Advanced+Clean+Coal+Technology+Systems&rft.au=Pritts%2C+J+W%3BNeufeld%2C+R+D%3BCobb%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Pritts&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazardous wastes; Heavy metals; Economics; Waste treatment; Toxicity; Leaching; Precipitation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Empirical Model to Predict Styrene Emissions from Fiber-Reinforced Plastics Fabrication Processes AN - 17444741; 4660089 AB - Styrene is a designated hazardous air pollutant, per the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. It is also a tropospheric ozone precursor. Fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) fabrication is the primary source of anthropogenic styrene emissions in the United States. This paper describes an empirical model designed to predict styrene emission factors for selected FRP fabrication processes. The model highlights 10 relevant parameters impacting styrene emission factors for FRP processes, and helps identify future areas of FRP pollution prevention (P2) research. In most cases, the number of these parameters with greatest impact on styrene emission factors can be limited to four or five. Seven different emission studies were evaluated and used as model inputs. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Nunez, C M AU - Ramsey, G H AU - Bahner, MA AU - Clayton, CA AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1168 EP - 1178 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Styrene KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Pollution prevention KW - Hazardous materials KW - Industrial emissions KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17444741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=An+Empirical+Model+to+Predict+Styrene+Emissions+from+Fiber-Reinforced+Plastics+Fabrication+Processes&rft.au=Nunez%2C+C+M%3BRamsey%2C+G+H%3BBahner%2C+MA%3BClayton%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Nunez&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manufacturing industry; Pollution prevention; Styrene; Industrial emissions; Hazardous materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methylmercury: A new look at the risks AN - 17433643; 4652041 AB - In the US, exposure to methylmercury, a neurotoxin, occurs primarily through consumption of fish. Data from recent studies assessing the health impact of methylmercury exposure due to consumption of fish and other sources in the aquatic food web (shellfish, crustacea, and marine mammals) suggest adverse effects at levels previously considered safe. There is substantial variation in human methylmercury exposure based on differences in the frequency and amount of fish consumed and in the fish's mercury concentration. Although virtually all fish and other seafood contain at least trace amounts of methylmercury, large predatory fish species have the highest concentrations. Concerns have been expressed about mercury exposure levels in the US, particularly among sensitive populations, and discussions are underway about the standards used by various federal agencies to protect the public. In the 1997 Mercury Study Report to Congress, the US Environmental Protection Agency summarized the current state of knowledge on methylmercury's effects on the health of humans and wildlife; sources of mercury; and how mercury is distributed in the environment. This article summarizes some of the major findings in the Report to Congress and identifies issues of concern to the public health community. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Mahaffey, K R AD - EPA, National Ctr. for Environmental Assessment, 808 17th St. NW, Rm. 500H, Washington DC 20074, mahaffey.kate@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 397 EP - 415 VL - 114 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - USA KW - food webs KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Methylmercury KW - Methyl mercury KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Body burden KW - Safety KW - Environmental Protection KW - Food contamination KW - Public health KW - Risk KW - Food Chains KW - Public Health KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Fish KW - Standards KW - Seafood KW - Population Exposure KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Methylmercury%3A+A+new+look+at+the+risks&rft.au=Mahaffey%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Mahaffey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Methyl mercury; Body burden; Bioaccumulation; Public health; Methylmercury; Neurotoxicity; Seafood; Food contamination; Risk; Food Chains; Public Health; Safety; Environmental Protection; Standards; Fish; Population Exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Visual Function at Adulthood and During Aging in Monkeys Exposed to Lead or Methylmercury AN - 17432667; 4650495 AB - Of critical importance is the issue of whether exposure to a neurotoxic agent early in life or over a major portion of the lifespan can result in an age-related accelerated decline in neurological function. There is evidence in humans and animals that exposure to methylmercury may produce delayed neurotoxicity associated with aging. While lead is a ubiquitous pollutant, the potential of long-term lead exposure to accelerate age-related functional decline in nervous system function has apparently not been explored. In the current study, visual function assessed during adulthood was compared to results during aging in monkeys exposed to 500 or 2000 mu g/kg/day of lead from birth onward, 50 mu g/kg/day of methylmercury from birth to seven years, or 10, 25, or 50 mu g/kg/day of methylmercury throughout gestation to four years of age. Spatial contrast sensitivity functions and visual fields were assessed in methylmercury-exposed monkeys, and spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity functions were assessed in monkeys exposed to lead. The frequency and amplitude at peak sensitivity and the high-frequency cut-off were compared at the two assessment periods for the contrast sensitivity functions. Age-related decrements were observed on both spatial and temporal visual function for all parameters. Treatment-related effects were observed in the monkeys exposed to methylmercury in utero and postnatally during the first assessment period but not during aging, whereas lead-exposed monkeys exhibited differences in temporal visual function at the first assessment but not the second. There was no evidence for accelerated decline in contrast sensitivity as a result of exposure to either toxicant. However, four of 10 methylmercury-treated monkeys exhibited slight constriction of visual fields at the second assessment that had not been present earlier. These results extend previous findings of evidence for delayed neurotoxicity in the somatosensory and auditory systems of these methylmercury-exposed groups. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Rice, D C AU - Hayward, S AD - NCEA/ORD/U.S. EPA, 401 M. Street S.W.-MC-8623D, Washington, D.C., USA 20460, rice.deborah@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 767 EP - 784 VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - monkeys KW - visual function KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Age KW - Eye KW - Visual system KW - Intrauterine exposure KW - Lead KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Dimethylmercury KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - N3 11105:Primates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17432667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Visual+Function+at+Adulthood+and+During+Aging+in+Monkeys+Exposed+to+Lead+or+Methylmercury&rft.au=Rice%2C+D+C%3BHayward%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Visual system; Lead; Dimethylmercury; Eye; Age; Neurotoxicity; Intrauterine exposure ER - TY - CONF T1 - Overview of endocrine disruptor research activity in the United States AN - 17432386; 4649002 AB - The issue of whether environmental contaminants are inducing adverse health effects in humans and wildlife via interaction with endocrine systems has gained increasing interest during the 1990s. Endocrine disruption is one of the highest priority research topics for the US EPA, and a detailed research strategy has been developed to guide the placement of resources over the next several years. To address the deficiency of testing guidelines in detecting and characterizing damage mediated by interaction with the endocrine system, EPA has issued new multi-generation testing guidelines. The new endpoints for monitoring pubertal development, semen quality, and estrous cyclicity will better enable determination of the affected sex, target organ, and life stage following exposure throughout the life cycle. Another major area of effort within EPA is the development of an endocrine disruptor screening program in response to passage of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. The current status of these efforts is described. On the federal level, endocrine disruption is one of the five priority research areas for the Committee on the Environment and Natural Resources (CENR) within the Executive Office of President. The CENR has developed a framework to assess research needs for endocrine disruptors, inventoried existing efforts of the federal government (nearly 400 projects were identified as active in FY96), and prioritized additional research needs based upon the needs and gaps in current efforts. It is clear that a great deal of research is underway to clarify the validity of the endocrine disruptor hypothesis and to determine the breadth of chemicals that pose a risk to the endocrine system. The degree of forward research planning and coordination across many organizations should ensure that sufficient data will be available within the next few years to allow a rigorous weight of evidence evaluation that is needed to bring together diverse types of information to make informed decisions regarding risks to humans and wildlife. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kavlock, R J Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1227 EP - 1236 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 39 IS - 8 KW - endocrine disruptors KW - USA KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Government policies KW - Government policy KW - Environmental health KW - Public health KW - Reviews KW - Endocrine system KW - Research programs KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17432386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Overview+of+endocrine+disruptor+research+activity+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Kavlock%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Kavlock&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ascorbic acid treatment to reduce residual halogen-based oxidants prior to the determination of halogenated disinfection byproducts in potable water AN - 17432135; 4652005 AB - Treatment of potable water samples with ascorbic acid has been investigated as a means for reducing residual halogen-based oxidants (disinfectants), i.e. HOCl, Cl sub(2), Br sub(2) and BrCl, prior to determination of EPA Method 551.1A and 551.1B analytes. These disinfection byproducts include certain haloalkanes, haloalkenes, haloethanenitriles, haloaldehydes, haloketones and trichloronitromethane. When used as a dehalogenating agent immediately before analysis, only one analyte, 2,2,2-trichloroethanediol (chloral hydrate), is significantly decomposed. Ascorbic acid is superior to thiosulfate and sulfite as it does not destroy trichloroethanenitrile (trichloroacetonitrile), trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) or dibromoethanenitrile (dibromoacetonitrile). Unlike ammonia or amines, it is not nucleophilic and cannot form hemiaminals (carbinolamines) with carboxaldehydes and ketones. Ascorbic acid treatment can rapidly consume (reduce) large amounts of active (oxidizing) halogen compounds, producing only inorganic halides and dehydroascorbic acid and not additional halogenated organic molecules. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Urbansky, E T AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Water Supply and Water Resources Division, Treatment Technology Evaluation Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, Urbansky.Edward@EPAmail.EPA.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 471 EP - 476 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - ascorbic acid KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Disinfection KW - Organic Acids KW - Halogens KW - Potable Water KW - Byproducts KW - Water treatment KW - Analytical Methods KW - Water Treatment KW - Halogenated compounds KW - Organic Compounds KW - Drinking water KW - Oxidants KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17432135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Ascorbic+acid+treatment+to+reduce+residual+halogen-based+oxidants+prior+to+the+determination+of+halogenated+disinfection+byproducts+in+potable+water&rft.au=Urbansky%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Urbansky&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Organic Acids; Disinfection; Byproducts; Water Treatment; Organic Compounds; Analytical Methods; Potable Water; Halogens; Water treatment; Drinking water; Oxidants; Halogenated compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Quantitative Comparison of Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-DNA Adduct Formation by Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 Microsomes AN - 17397904; 4622338 AB - Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), an extremely potent environmental carcinogen, is metabolically activated in mammalian cells and microsomes through the fjord-region dihydrodiol, trans-DB[a,l]P-11, 12-diol, to syn- and anti-DB[a,l]P-11, 12-diol-13, 14-epoxides (syn- and anti-DB[a,l]PDEs). The role of seven individual recombinant human cytochrome P450s (1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2B6, 2C9, 2E1, and 3A4) in the metabolic activation of DB[a,l]P and formation of DNA adducts was examined by using super(32)P postlabeling, thin-layer chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography. We found that, in the presence of epoxide hydrolase, only P450 1A1 and P450 1B1 catalyzed the formation of DB[a,l]PDE-DNA adducts and several unidentified polar adducts. Human P450 1A1 catalyzed the formation of DB[a,l]PDE-DNA adducts and unidentified polar adducts at rates threefold and 17-fold greater than did human P450 1B1 (256 fmol/h/nmol P450 versus 90 fmol/h/nmol P450 and 132 fmol/h/nmol P450 versus 8 fmol/h/nmol P450, respectively). P450 1A1 DNA adducts were derived from both anti- and syn-DB[a,l]PDE at rates of 73 fmol/h/nmol P450 and 51 fmol/h/nmol P450, respectively. P450 1B1 produced adducts derived from anti-DB[a,l]PDE at a rate of 82 fmol/h/nmol, whereas only a small number of adducts were derived from syn-DB[a,l]PDE (0.4 fmol/h/nmol). These results demonstrated the potential of human P450 1A1 and P450 1B1 to contribute to the metabolic activation and carcinogenicity of DB[a,l]P and provided additional evidence that human P450 1A1 and 1B1 differ in their stereospecific activation of DB[a,l]P. JF - Molecular Carcinogenesis AU - King, L C AU - Adams, L AU - Allison, J AU - Kohan, MJ AU - Nelson, G AU - Desai, D AU - Amin, S AU - Ross, JA AD - Biochemistry and Pathobiology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-68, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 74 EP - 82 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - man KW - cytochrome P450 KW - dibenzo(a,1)pyrene KW - dibenzo(a,l)pyrene KW - epoxide hydrolase KW - microsomes KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - DNA adducts KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17397904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=A+Quantitative+Comparison+of+Dibenzo%5Ba%2Cl%5Dpyrene-DNA+Adduct+Formation+by+Recombinant+Human+Cytochrome+P450+Microsomes&rft.au=King%2C+L+C%3BAdams%2C+L%3BAllison%2C+J%3BKohan%2C+MJ%3BNelson%2C+G%3BDesai%2C+D%3BAmin%2C+S%3BRoss%2C+JA&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291098-2744%28199910%2926%3A23.3.CO%3B2-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA adducts DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2744(199910)26:2<74::AID-MC2>3.3.CO;2-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban Stormwater Tracing with the Naturally Occurring Deuterium Isotope AN - 17396061; 4630746 AB - Measurements of naturally occurring deuterium isotope ( delta D) assist in tracing water components during wet weather flows in an urban watershed. A transect of installations in the vadose and saturated zones was completed in the vicinity of a small stream and storm sewer. High-resolution deuterium mass spectrometry discriminated between storm sewer leaks and other water sources such as direct runoff, bank seepage, and groundwater flow to a stream channel. Isotope hydrograph separation indicates that groundwater or vadose water predominantly contributed to the volume of stream water compared to direct surface runoff during a storm event. Significant differences in delta D in the subsurface suggest that multiple flow components exist beyond the time period of a storm event. Deuterium measurements are helpful for modeling leaks and seepage and refining mass balances of flows in urban watersheds. JF - Water Environment Research AU - Sidle, W C AU - Lee, P Y AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 5995 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati OH 45224, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1251 EP - 1256 VL - 71 IS - 6 SN - 1061-4303, 1061-4303 KW - deuterium KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Urban Watersheds KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Isotopes KW - Deuterium KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Seepage KW - Watersheds KW - Water analysis KW - Storms KW - Hydrogen isotopes KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Urban runoff KW - Storm Water KW - Tracers KW - Storm Sewers KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Tracer techniques KW - Seepages KW - Urban areas KW - Rivers KW - Leakage KW - Hydrograph Analysis KW - Isotope Studies KW - Hydrologic cycle KW - Installation KW - Groundwater KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17396061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+Research&rft.atitle=Urban+Stormwater+Tracing+with+the+Naturally+Occurring+Deuterium+Isotope&rft.au=Sidle%2C+W+C%3BLee%2C+P+Y&rft.aulast=Sidle&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+Research&rft.issn=10614303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Urban runoff; Stormwater runoff; Deuterium; Tracer techniques; Seepages; Storms; Hydrologic cycle; Hydrogen isotopes; Fluid mechanics; Tracers; Isotopes; Leakage; Mass spectrometry; Watersheds; Water analysis; Urban areas; Storm Water; Mass Spectrometry; Urban Watersheds; Storm Sewers; Hydrograph Analysis; Isotope Studies; Groundwater; Seepage; Installation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative toxicity of ammonium and nitrate compounds to Pacific treefrog and African clawed frog tadpoles AN - 17030219; 4630114 AB - The effects of ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and sodium nitrate on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla [Baird and Girard]) and African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis [Daudin]) tadpoles were determined in static-renewal tests. The 10-d ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate LC50s for P. regilla were 55.2 and 89.7 mg/L NH sub(4)-N, respectively. The 10-d LC50s for X. laevis for the three ammonium compounds ranged from 45 to 64 mg/L NH sub(4)-N. The 10-d sodium nitrate LC50s were 266.2 mg/L NO sub(3)-N for P. regilla and 1,236.2 mg/L NO sub(3)-N for X. laevis. The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of ammonium compound based on reduced length or weight was 24.6 mg/L NH sub(4)-N for P. regilla and 99.5 mg/L NH sub(4)-N for X. laevis. The lowest sodium nitrate LOAELs based on reduced length or weight were <30.1 mg/L NO sub(3)-N for P. regilla and 126.3 mg/L NO sub(3)-N for X. laevis. Calculated un-ionized NH sub(3) comprised 0.3 to 1.0% of measured NH sub(4)-N concentrations. Potential harm to amphibians could occur if sensitive life stages were impacted by NH sub(4)-N and NO sub(3)-N in agricultural runoff or drainage for a sufficiently long period. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Nebeker, A V AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 S.W. 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, gerald@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 2251 EP - 2257 VL - 18 IS - 10 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - African clawed frog KW - Amphibians KW - Pacific treefrog KW - Pseudacris regilla KW - Xenopus laevis KW - ammonium KW - nitrate KW - tadpoles KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Water Pollution KW - Ammonium KW - Mortality KW - Nitrates KW - Larvae KW - Life cycle KW - Survival KW - Pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Toxicity tolerance KW - Water pollution KW - Amphibia KW - Growth KW - Frogs KW - Toxicity testing KW - Ammonium compounds KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17030219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Comparative+toxicity+of+ammonium+and+nitrate+compounds+to+Pacific+treefrog+and+African+clawed+frog+tadpoles&rft.au=Schuytema%2C+G+S%3BNebeker%2C+A+V&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth; Nitrates; Larvae; Pollution effects; Survival; Toxicity tolerance; Ammonium compounds; Life cycle; Toxicity testing; Water pollution; Mortality; Amphibia; Ammonium; Testing Procedures; Water Pollution; Frogs; Amphibians; Toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strain-dependent disposition of inorganic arsenic in the mouse. AN - 70804469; 10521146 AB - Recent studies have suggested that polymorphisms in the methylation of inorganic arsenic (iAs) exist in animals and humans. Methylation of iAs is an important step in the elimination of arsenic. The objective of this study was to examine whether there are differences in iAs disposition, and hence methylation, between three strains of mice. Ninety-day-old female mice (strains: C3H/HeNCrlBR, C57BL/6NCrlBR, and B6C3F1/CrlBR) were administered [73As]arsenate or [73As]arsenite orally at dose levels of 0.5 or 5.0 mg As/kg. Another group of mice were administered [73As]arsenate (5.0 mg As/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.). Disposition of [73As] was assessed by whole-body counting, and analysis of urine, feces and tissues for radioactivity. Urine was analyzed by chromatography for arsenic metabolites. Several strain- and dose-related effects in the disposition of [73As] were observed with both arsenicals. After oral administration, the clearance of [73As]arsenate, measured by whole-body counting, was dependent on the strain. However, because there was no strain dependence on clearance of [73As]arsenate administered i.p., the effect after oral administration may be due to a difference in absorption of arsenate between the strains. With increased oral dose of arsenate and arsenite, the clearance of [73As] was slower and there was higher tissue retention of [73As]. The percentage of metabolites excreted in urine also was affected by the administered dose. With increased dose, the percentage of arsenite and monomethylarsonic acid were significantly increased, and dimethylarsinic acid decreased. However, our results suggest there is no overall difference between these strains of mice with respect to disposition of iAs. A better understanding of the role of phenotype in the disposition and toxicity of iAs would reduce the uncertainty in arsenic risk assessment. JF - Toxicology AU - Hughes, M F AU - Kenyon, E M AU - Edwards, B C AU - Mitchell, C T AU - Thomas, D J AD - Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. hughes.michaelf@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09/20/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 20 SP - 95 EP - 108 VL - 137 IS - 2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Arsenates KW - 0 KW - Arsenites KW - Poisons KW - arsenite KW - N5509X556J KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - arsenic acid KW - N7CIZ75ZPN KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Arsenates -- pharmacokinetics KW - Biotransformation KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Species Specificity KW - Methylation KW - Arsenites -- pharmacokinetics KW - Female KW - Arsenic -- pharmacokinetics KW - Poisons -- pharmacokinetics KW - Arsenic -- urine KW - Poisons -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70804469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Strain-dependent+disposition+of+inorganic+arsenic+in+the+mouse.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+M+F%3BKenyon%2C+E+M%3BEdwards%2C+B+C%3BMitchell%2C+C+T%3BThomas%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-20&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Refinement, validation, and application of a benthic condition index for Northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries AN - 968173972; 16466741 AB - By applying discriminant analysis to benthic macroinvertebrate data, we have developed an indicator of benthic condition for northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries. The data used were collected by the United states Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) in the Louisianian Province from 1991 to 1994. This benthic index represents a linear combination of the following weighted parameters: the proportion of expected species diversity, the mean abundance of tubificid oligochaetes, the percent of total abundance represented by capitellid polychaetes, the percent of total abundance represented by bivalve mollusks, and the percent of total abundance represented by amphipods. We successfully validated and retrospectively applied the benthic index to all of the benthic data collected by EMAP in the Louisianian Province. This benthic index was also calculated for independent data collected from Pensacola Bay, Florida, in order to demonstrate its flexibility and applicability to different estuarine systems within the same biogeographic region. The benthic index is a useful and valid indicator of estuarine condition that is intended to provide environmental managers with a simple tool for assessing the health of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. JF - Estuaries AU - Engle, Virginia D AU - Summers, JKevin AD - Gulf Breeze Project Office, United States Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, 32561-5299, Gulf Breeze, Florida, engle.virginia@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 624 EP - 635 PB - Estuarine Research Federation, 490 Chippingwood Dr. Port Republic MD 20676-2140 United States VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Flexibility KW - Abundance KW - Indicators KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Gulfs KW - Oligochaeta KW - environmental management KW - Assessments KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Mollusks KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Biogeography KW - Amphipods KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay KW - mollusks KW - Environmental protection KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Bivalvia KW - EPA KW - Community composition KW - Species diversity KW - Marine molluscs KW - Monitoring KW - Zoobenthos KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968173972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Refinement%2C+validation%2C+and+application+of+a+benthic+condition+index+for+Northern+Gulf+of+Mexico+estuaries&rft.au=Engle%2C+Virginia+D%3BSummers%2C+JKevin&rft.aulast=Engle&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F1353050 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Community composition; Biogeography; Estuaries; Marine molluscs; Brackishwater environment; Zoobenthos; Environmental protection; environmental management; EPA; Species diversity; Abundance; mollusks; Assessments; Amphipods; Flexibility; Indicators; Macroinvertebrates; Monitoring; Mollusks; Gulfs; Bivalvia; Oligochaeta; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Florida; ASW, USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1353050 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and urea on red-legged frogs, Pacific treefrogs, and African clawed frogs. AN - 70024409; 10475914 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Nebeker, A V AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 357 EP - 364 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Soil KW - sodium nitrate KW - 8M4L3H2ZVZ KW - Urea KW - 8W8T17847W KW - ammonium nitrate KW - T8YA51M7Y6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Ranidae -- physiology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Xenopus laevis -- physiology KW - Larva -- growth & development KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Nitrates -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Anura -- physiology KW - Urea -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70024409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ammonium+nitrate%2C+sodium+nitrate%2C+and+urea+on+red-legged+frogs%2C+Pacific+treefrogs%2C+and+African+clawed+frogs.&rft.au=Schuytema%2C+G+S%3BNebeker%2C+A+V&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of genetic damage in human lymphocytes and mutations in Salmonella by trihalomethanes: role of red blood cells and GSTT1-1 polymorphism. AN - 70012481; 10473651 AB - The brominated trihalomethanes (THMs) are mutagenic and carcinogenic disinfection by-products frequently found in chlorinated drinking water. They can be activated to mutagens by the product of the glutathione S-transferase-Theta (GSTT1++-1) gene in Salmonella RSJ100, which has been transfected with this gene. To evaluate this phenomenon in humans, we have examined the genotoxicity of a brominated THM, bromoform (BF), using the Comet assay in human whole blood cultures exposed in vitro. No differences were found in the comet tail length between cultures from GSTT1-1(+) versus GSTT1-1(-) individuals (1.67 +/- 0.40 and 0.74 +/- 0.54 microm/mM, respectively, P = 0.28). The high variability was due to the relatively weak induction of comets by BF. Combining the data from both genotypic groups, the genotoxic potency of BF was 1.20 +/- 0.34 microm/mM (P = 0.003). GSTT1-1 is expressed in red blood cells but not in the target cells (lymphocytes), and expression within the target cell (as in Salmonella RSJ100) may be necessary for enhanced mutagenesis in GSTT1-1(+) relative to GSTT1-1(-) cultures. To examine this, we exposed Salmonella RSJ100 and a control strain not expressing the gene (TPT100) to the most mutagenic brominated THM detected in Salmonella, dibromochloromethane (DBCM), either in the presence or absence of S9 or red blood cells from GSTT1-1(+) or GSTT1-1(-) individuals. S9 did not activate DBCM in the non-expressing strain TPT100, and it did not affect the ability of the expressing strain RSJ100 to activate DBCM. As with S9, red cells from either genotypic group were unable to activate DBCM in TPT100. However, red cells (whole or lysed) from both genotypic groups completely repressed the ability of the expressing strain RSJ100 to activate DBCM to a mutagen. Such results suggest a model in which exposure to brominated THMs may pose an excess genotoxic risk in GSTT1-1(+) individuals to those organs and tissues that both express this gene and come into direct contact with the brominated THM, such as the colon. In contrast, those organs to which brominated THMs would be transported via the blood might be protected by erythrocytes. Such a proposal is reasonably consistent with the organ specificity of drinking water-associated cancer in humans, which shows slightly elevated risks for cancer of the colon and bladder but not of the liver. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Landi, S AU - Hanley, N M AU - Warren, S H AU - Pegram, R A AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division (MD-68) and Experimental Toxicology Division (MD-74), US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. landistephano@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 479 EP - 482 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated KW - Trihalomethanes KW - chlorodibromomethane KW - 3T4AJR1H24 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - glutathione S-transferase T1 KW - EC 2.5.1.- KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- toxicity KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Erythrocytes -- physiology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Genotype KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Adult KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Mutation KW - Male KW - Female KW - DNA Damage KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70012481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+genetic+damage+in+human+lymphocytes+and+mutations+in+Salmonella+by+trihalomethanes%3A+role+of+red+blood+cells+and+GSTT1-1+polymorphism.&rft.au=Landi%2C+S%3BHanley%2C+N+M%3BWarren%2C+S+H%3BPegram%2C+R+A%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Landi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in house dust as a function of particle size. AN - 69998531; 10464072 AB - House dust is a repository for environmental pollutants that may accumulate indoors from both internal and external sources over long periods of time. Dust and tracked-in soil accumulate most efficiently in carpets, and the pollutants associated with dust and soil may present an exposure risk to infants and toddlers, who spend significant portions of their time in contact with or in close proximity to the floor and who engage in frequent mouthing activities. The availability of carpet dust for exposure by transfer to the skin or by suspension into the air depends on particle size. In this study, a large sample of residential house dust was obtained from a commercial cleaning service whose clients were homeowners residing in the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill (Research Triangle) area of North Carolina. The composite dust was separated into seven size fractions ranging from < 4 to 500 microm in diameter, and each fraction was analyzed for 28 pesticides and 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Over 20% of the fractionated dust sample consisted of particles < 25 microm in diameter. Fourteen pesticides and all 10 of the target PAHs were detected in one or more of the seven size-fractionated samples. Sample concentrations reported range from 0.02 to 22 microg/g; the synthetic pyrethroids cis- and trans-permethrin were the most abundant pesticide residue. The concentrations of nearly all of the target analytes increased gradually with decreasing particle size for the larger particles, then increased dramatically for the two smallest particle sizes (4-25 microm and < 4 microm). JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Lewis, R G AU - Fortune, C R AU - Willis, R D AU - Camann, D E AU - Antley, J T AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711-2055, USA. lewis.bob-dr@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 721 EP - 726 VL - 107 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Index Medicus KW - Particle Size KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69998531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+pesticides+and+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+in+house+dust+as+a+function+of+particle+size.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+R+G%3BFortune%2C+C+R%3BWillis%2C+R+D%3BCamann%2C+D+E%3BAntley%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1999 Mar-Apr;9(2):85-98 [10321348] Am J Public Health. 1975 Jan;65(1):53-7 [233977] Pestic Monit J. 1974 Dec;8(3):209-12 [4142653] Arch Environ Health. 1975 Dec;30(12):565-70 [1200717] Arch Environ Health. 1979 Jul-Aug;34(4):280-5 [475473] Sci Total Environ. 1985 Jul;44(1):65-79 [4023696] J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1999 Feb;49(2):200-6 [10063262] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 Dec;43(6):814-20 [2597784] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Oct;19(3):388-98 [1459371] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1993 Apr-Jun;3(2):227-50 [7694700] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1994 Jan;26(1):37-46 [8110022] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Dec;103(12):1126-34 [8747019] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Nov;106(11):721-4 [9799187] Environ Res. 1985 Oct;38(1):77-95 [4076114] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IAEA/EPA international climatic test program for integrating radon detectors. International Atomic Energy Agency/Environmental Protection Agency. AN - 69982764; 10456502 AB - As an element of the joint IAEA-EPA International Radon Metrology Evaluation Program, a climatic test of long-term integrating radon detectors was conducted at the U.S. EPA Radiation and Indoor Environments National Laboratory. The objective of this study was to test the performance of commonly used commercially available long-term 222Rn detector systems under extreme climatological conditions using filtered polycarbonate CR-39 plastic analyzed by the manufacturer using the track-etch method, unfiltered LR-115 film analyzed by the manufacturer, and Teflon based electrets analyzed in the field by EPA using the manufacturer's equipment. The EPA environmental radon chambers were used to expose detectors to extreme cold and dry (less than 4.0 degrees C air temperature and 25% relative humidity) and hot and humid (greater than 35 degrees C air temperature and 85% relative humidity) climatic conditions. During phase I detectors were exposed to low temperatures and low humidities, and during phase II detectors were exposed to high temperatures and high humidities. Typical indoor equilibrium fractions (near 50%) and radon concentrations of about 150 Bq m(-3) were maintained for each phase, which lasted 90 d. The results indicated that the optimal detector for extreme climatic conditions is dependent on the relative importance of bias and precision. Overall, however, the filtered track-etch type detector produced the most reliable results under the extreme conditions. JF - Health physics AU - Hopper, R D AU - Steinhäusler, F AU - Ronca-Battista, M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Radiation and Indoor Environments National Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 303 EP - 308 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Health Physics KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Temperature KW - Humidity KW - International Agencies KW - Fungi -- isolation & purification KW - Air Microbiology KW - Quality Control KW - Radiometry -- instrumentation KW - Radon -- analysis KW - Radiometry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69982764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=IAEA%2FEPA+international+climatic+test+program+for+integrating+radon+detectors.+International+Atomic+Energy+Agency%2FEnvironmental+Protection+Agency.&rft.au=Hopper%2C+R+D%3BSteinh%C3%A4usler%2C+F%3BRonca-Battista%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Health Phys. 2000 Feb;78(2):228 [10647990] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sites in the United States contaminated with radioactivity. AN - 69977264; 10456495 AB - Over the century that radioactive materials have been mined, processed, produced, and utilized, many sites across the United States have become contaminated. Such sites include bases and installations of the Department of Defense, weapons production and research facilities of the Department of Energy, properties under the authority of other Federal agencies, privately-owned and governmental facilities that are licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and its Agreement States, and sites licensed by or the responsibility of states. This review reports on aspects of work by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and others to identify sites contaminated with radioactive materials. It also describes the principal programs that have been instituted to deal with them. JF - Health physics AU - Wolbarst, A B AU - Blom, P F AU - Chan, D AU - Cherry, R N AU - Doehnert, M AU - Fauver, D AU - Hull, H B AU - MacKinney, J A AU - Mauro, J AU - Richardson, A C AU - Zaragoza, L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 247 EP - 260 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Radioactive Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Health Physics KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Government Agencies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69977264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Sites+in+the+United+States+contaminated+with+radioactivity.&rft.au=Wolbarst%2C+A+B%3BBlom%2C+P+F%3BChan%2C+D%3BCherry%2C+R+N%3BDoehnert%2C+M%3BFauver%2C+D%3BHull%2C+H+B%3BMacKinney%2C+J+A%3BMauro%2C+J%3BRichardson%2C+A+C%3BZaragoza%2C+L&rft.aulast=Wolbarst&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury: a regional problem requires collaborative efforts. AN - 69347562; 10590761 JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Trip, L AU - Weiss, J AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Region I, Boston, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 414 EP - 415 VL - 114 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - International Cooperation KW - Canada KW - Humans KW - Europe KW - Regional Health Planning KW - Environmental Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69347562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Mercury%3A+a+regional+problem+requires+collaborative+efforts.&rft.au=Trip%2C+L%3BWeiss%2C+J&rft.aulast=Trip&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human exposures to inorganic mercury. AN - 69345305; 10590760 JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Weiss, J AU - Trip, L AU - Mahaffey, K R AD - US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Boston, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 400 EP - 401 VL - 114 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Medical Waste KW - 0 KW - Dental Amalgam KW - 8049-85-2 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69345305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Human+exposures+to+inorganic+mercury.&rft.au=Weiss%2C+J%3BTrip%2C+L%3BMahaffey%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) study in Arizona--introduction and preliminary results. AN - 69241724; 10554145 AB - The objective of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) in Arizona is to determine the multimedia distribution of total human exposure to environmental pollutants in the classes of metals, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the population of Arizona. This was accomplished by studying a probability-based sample of the total population in Arizona with a nested design for the different stages of sampling (954 Stage I, 505 Stage II, and 179 Stage III participants). This report compares the study population demographics with those from the U.S. Census and provides preliminary data on the distributions of the example pollutant for each class, lead for metals, chlorpyrifos for pesticides, and benzene for metals. The probability-based sample age and gender demographics compare reasonably well with the Census data (1990 Census and 1996 Census Estimate). The race/ethnicity compared less well with 21% Hispanics in the 1996 Census Estimate and 42% Hispanics in the entire NHEXAS-Arizona sample and 30% Hispanics as Stage III participants for this study. The chemical analyses of the various media (yard soil, foundation soil, house dust, indoor air, outdoor air, drinking water, food, and beverage) show generally low levels of the representative pollutants. The 50th percentiles of the distributions are generally near or below the analytical detection limits, and applicable Federal action limits were rarely exceeded. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Robertson, G L AU - Lebowitz, M D AU - O'Rourke, M K AU - Gordon, S AU - Moschandreas, D AD - Human Exposure Research Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193, USA. robertson.gary@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 427 EP - 434 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Insecticides KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Medical Records KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Skin Absorption KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Child KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Ethnic Groups -- statistics & numerical data KW - Age Distribution KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Chlorpyrifos -- analysis KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Arizona KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Biomarkers -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Mass Screening -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69241724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=The+National+Human+Exposure+Assessment+Survey+%28NHEXAS%29+study+in+Arizona--introduction+and+preliminary+results.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+G+L%3BLebowitz%2C+M+D%3BO%27Rourke%2C+M+K%3BGordon%2C+S%3BMoschandreas%2C+D&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population-based dietary intakes and tap water concentrations for selected elements in the EPA region V National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS). AN - 69240164; 10554143 AB - A National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) field study was performed in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region V, providing population-based exposure distribution data for selected elements in several personal, environmental, and biological media. Population distributions are reported for the 11 elements that were measured in water and dietary samples. Dietary intakes and home tap water concentrations of lead, arsenic, and cadmium were further examined for intermedia associations, for differences between dietary exposure for adults and children, and to estimate the proportion of the population above health-based reference values (dietary) or regulatory action levels or maximum contaminant levels (water). Water lead and arsenic concentrations were significantly associated with dietary intake. Intake of all elements was higher from solid foods than from liquid foods (including drinking water). Dietary intakes of Pb, As, and Cd were greater than those calculated for intake from home tap water or inhalation on a microg/day basis. Median dietary intakes for the Region V population for Pb, As, and Cd were 0.10, 0.13, and 0.19 microg/kg bw/day, respectively. While Pb, As, and Cd concentrations in the foods consumed by 0 to 6-year-old children were similar to or lower than those for adults, dietary intakes calculated on a body weight basis were 1.5 to 2.5 times higher for young children. Intrapersonal intake differences accounted for most of the variance in short-term (daily) dietary intakes for Pb and As, while interpersonal differences accounted for more of the intake variance for Cd. Only small percentages of the population exceeded health-based intake reference values or concentrations equal to regulatory levels in water for Pb, As, and Cd. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Thomas, K W AU - Pellizzari, E D AU - Berry, M R AD - Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. thomas.kent@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 402 EP - 413 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Elements KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Cadmium -- analysis KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Infant KW - Inhalation Exposure -- analysis KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Adolescent KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69240164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Population-based+dietary+intakes+and+tap+water+concentrations+for+selected+elements+in+the+EPA+region+V+National+Human+Exposure+Assessment+Survey+%28NHEXAS%29.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+K+W%3BPellizzari%2C+E+D%3BBerry%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hsp70 expression and function during embryogenesis. AN - 69229589; 10547065 AB - This review focuses on the expression and function of 70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) during mammalian embryogenesis, though many features of embryogenesis and the developmental expression of Hsp70s are conserved between mammals and other vertebrates. A variety of Hsp70s are expressed from the point of zygotic gene activation in cleavage-stage embryos, through blastulation, implantation, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis, and on throughout fetal maturation. The regulation and patterns of hsp70 gene expression and the known and putative Hsp70 protein functions vary from constitutive and metabolic housekeeping to stress-inducible and embryo-protective roles. Understanding the genetic regulation and molecular function of Hsp70s has been pursued by developmental biologists interested in the control of gene expression in early embryos as well as reproductive toxicologists and teratologists interested in how Hsp70s protect embryos from the adverse effects of environmental exposures. These efforts have also been joined by those interested in the chaperone functions of Hsp70s, and this confluence of effort has yielded many advances in our understanding of Hsp70s during critical phases of embryonic development and cellular differentiation. JF - Cell stress & chaperones AU - Luft, J C AU - Dix, D J AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 162 EP - 170 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1355-8145, 1355-8145 KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- physiology KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69229589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+stress+%26+chaperones&rft.atitle=Hsp70+expression+and+function+during+embryogenesis.&rft.au=Luft%2C+J+C%3BDix%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Luft&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+stress+%26+chaperones&rft.issn=13558145&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-term variability of water quality parameters in two shallow estuaries of North Carolina AN - 52386043; 2000-019712 AB - We quantified the effects of nutrient loading following precipitation events (> or =1.25 cm) in 2 tidal creeks varying in size and anthropogenic input during the winter and summer seasons of 1996. Several water quality parameters were repeatedly measured in the water column every 3 h for several days after each event (4-5 per season). Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) behaved nonconservatively with salinity and appeared as pulsed additions, occasionally doubling within 1 to 2 tidal cycles following significant rain events. Average values for TN, TP, and chlorophyll a were 10-15 mu M, 4 mu M, and > or =7 mu g l (super -1) , respectively for summer events. However, response times were variable, depending on the magnitude and duration of the event as well as temperature. Chlorophyll a biomass often increased after nutrient additions, especially in the summer when increased nutrient loading took place. Dissolved silica (DSi) behaved conservatively with salinity; low values were observed at high tide and vice versa. Average DSi ranges for winter and summer events were 5-45 mu M and 10-85 mu M, respectively. DSi range values increased proportionally with the amount of freshwater loaded into the system. Recovery times for salinity were usually greater than the recovery times for nutrients. Dissolved oxygen displayed a diel pattern, increasing after daytime productivity and decreasing during nighttime. In conclusion, each rainfall event was unique and responses were variable depending upon rainfall history, seasonality, and the duration and intensity of the rainfall event. Several other variables, such as water viscosity, percolation rates, and evapotranspiration rates which were not quantified in this study, could have also explained parameter responses. JF - Estuaries AU - Hubertz, E D AU - Cahoon, L B AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 814 EP - 823 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Northwest Atlantic KW - shallow-water environment KW - biomass KW - pigments KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - salinity KW - New Hanover County North Carolina KW - evapotranspiration KW - environmental effects KW - chlorophyll KW - tides KW - nutrients KW - organic compounds KW - intertidal environment KW - North Carolina KW - coastal environment KW - ecology KW - North Atlantic KW - estuarine environment KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52386043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Short-term+variability+of+water+quality+parameters+in+two+shallow+estuaries+of+North+Carolina&rft.au=Hubertz%2C+E+D%3BCahoon%2C+L+B%3BSpagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BReilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Hubertz&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; Atlantic Ocean; atmospheric precipitation; biomass; chlorophyll; coastal environment; ecology; environmental effects; estuarine environment; evapotranspiration; intertidal environment; New Hanover County North Carolina; North Atlantic; North Carolina; Northwest Atlantic; nutrients; organic compounds; pigments; salinity; shallow-water environment; tides; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimizing dredging disposal via sediment management in New York Harbor AN - 52384906; 2000-019710 AB - The Port of New York/New Jersey is naturally shallow, and therefore dredging is required to maintain depths necessary for navigation. About six million cubic yards of material must be dredged annually to maintain navigation channels and berthing areas. Opportunities for disposal of dredged materials in the metropolitan region are limited. The existing ocean disposal site that has, until recently, received the majority of dredged materials is nearing capacity. Under the new, more stringent, guidance for ocean disposal, a large percentage of the dredged material is not considered acceptable for ocean disposal because of contamination. This paper explores nondredging alternatives to reduce the volume of materials to be dredged, thus reducing the disposal volume. These alternatives include short-term options (e.g., reprofiling operations, in which sediments from high spots in berths are dragged to depressions in lower spots) and long-term sedimentation minimization options (e.g., subsurface berms or air bubblers deployed around berths and interpier areas). These methods require an understanding of sedimentation/circulation patterns of the harbor as a whole and the local area in which the specific methodology may be employed. JF - Estuaries AU - Abood, Karim A AU - Metzger, Susan G AU - Distante, Donald F AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 763 EP - 769 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - United States KW - regulations KW - environmental effects KW - dredging KW - mitigation KW - marine sediments KW - sediments KW - estuarine environment KW - protection KW - Northwest Atlantic KW - pollutants KW - New York Harbor KW - sedimentation KW - harbors KW - pollution KW - cost KW - biota KW - dredged materials KW - New York KW - marine environment KW - New Jersey KW - waste disposal KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Minimizing+dredging+disposal+via+sediment+management+in+New+York+Harbor&rft.au=Abood%2C+Karim+A%3BMetzger%2C+Susan+G%3BDistante%2C+Donald+F%3BSpagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BReilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Abood&rft.aufirst=Karim&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; biota; cost; dredged materials; dredging; environmental effects; estuarine environment; harbors; marine environment; marine sediments; mitigation; New Jersey; New York; New York Harbor; North Atlantic; Northwest Atlantic; pollutants; pollution; protection; regulations; sedimentation; sediments; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment grain size effect on benthic microalgal biomass in shallow aquatic ecosystems AN - 52384866; 2000-019709 AB - Benthic microalgal biomass is an important fraction of the primary producer community in shallow water ecosystems, and the factors controlling benthic microalgal biomass are complex. One possible controlling factor is sediment grain-size distribution. Benthic microalgal biomass was sampled in sediments collected from two sets of North Carolina estuaries, Massachusetts and Cape Cod bays, and Manukau Harbour in New Zealand. Comparisons of benthic microalgal biomass and sediment grain-size distributions in these coastal and estuarine ecosystems frequently showed a negative relationship between the proportion of fine-grained sediments and benthic microalgal biomass measured as chlorophyll a. The highest sedimentary chlorophyll a levels generally occurred in sediments with lower percentages of fine particles (diameter<125 mm). A negative relationship between the proportion of fine sediments and benthic microalgal biomass suggests anthropogenic loadings of fine sediment may reduce the biological productivity of shallow-water ecosystems. JF - Estuaries AU - Cahoon, L B AU - Nearhoof, J E AU - Tilton, C L AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 735 EP - 741 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - United States KW - shallow-water environment KW - benthic taxa KW - biomass KW - ecosystems KW - algae KW - environmental effects KW - size distribution KW - marine sediments KW - Massachusetts KW - sediments KW - ecology KW - estuarine environment KW - productivity KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - Plantae KW - Australasia KW - human activity KW - grain size KW - South Pacific KW - marine environment KW - Pacific Ocean KW - North Carolina KW - North Atlantic KW - aquatic environment KW - New Zealand KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Sediment+grain+size+effect+on+benthic+microalgal+biomass+in+shallow+aquatic+ecosystems&rft.au=Cahoon%2C+L+B%3BNearhoof%2C+J+E%3BTilton%2C+C+L%3BSpagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BReilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Cahoon&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algae; aquatic environment; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Atlantic Ocean; Australasia; benthic taxa; biomass; ecology; ecosystems; environmental effects; estuarine environment; grain size; human activity; marine environment; marine sediments; Massachusetts; New Zealand; North Atlantic; North Carolina; Pacific Ocean; Plantae; productivity; sediments; shallow-water environment; size distribution; South Pacific; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental assessment of Poplar Island dredged material placement site, Talbot County, Maryland AN - 52384650; 2000-019711 AB - The Poplar Island Dredged Material Placement Site in Talbot County, Maryland is proposed to be used for the restoration of Poplar Island and for the creation of desirable habitats lost through erosion of Poplar Island by the beneficial use of clean and uncontaminated dredged material from the Chesapeake Bay approach channels to the Port of Baltimore. The Poplar Island baseline environmental assessment studies included among others, seasonal water quality, benthic community, and benthic tissue contaminants, that were carried out by the Maryland Department of the Environment, in cooperation with the University of Maryland, from September 1995 to July 1996. The purpose of the study was to document the present-day levels of nutrients, trace metals, and organic contaminants in the area to establish a baseline against which subsequent levels and biological responses may be compared. The overall results of the study indicate that Poplar Island and vicinity areas are non-impacted in terms of water quality and benthic tissue contamination. The nutrient levels in the water column were below average for this region of Chesapeake Bay, while the trace metals and organic contamination in the benthic tissues were comparable to other sites within Chesapeake Bay that are not impacted by direct inputs. Concentrations were equivalent or lower than those found at Hart-Miller Island, a disposal facility outside Baltimore Harbor, Maryland containing dredged material. JF - Estuaries AU - Dalal, V P AU - Baker, J E AU - Mason, R P AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 770 EP - 784 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - biodiversity KW - erosion KW - pollutants KW - Talbot County Maryland KW - pollution KW - Poplar Island KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - biota KW - dredged materials KW - nutrients KW - habitat KW - organic compounds KW - metals KW - marine environment KW - trace metals KW - Maryland KW - waste disposal KW - baseline studies KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Environmental+assessment+of+Poplar+Island+dredged+material+placement+site%2C+Talbot+County%2C+Maryland&rft.au=Dalal%2C+V+P%3BBaker%2C+J+E%3BMason%2C+R+P%3BSpagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BReilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; baseline studies; biodiversity; biota; Chesapeake Bay; dredged materials; environmental analysis; environmental effects; erosion; habitat; marine environment; Maryland; metals; nutrients; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; Poplar Island; Talbot County Maryland; trace metals; United States; waste disposal; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management; the interrelationship among habitats and their management AN - 52384618; 2000-019708 JF - Estuaries AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 731 EP - 734 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - protection KW - shallow-water environment KW - terrestrial environment KW - water management KW - environmental analysis KW - biota KW - habitat KW - estuaries KW - dredging KW - marine sediments KW - wetlands KW - marine environment KW - sediments KW - paludal environment KW - waste disposal KW - estuarine environment KW - 07:Oceanography KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Marine+and+estuarine+shallow+water+science+and+management%3B+the+interrelationship+among+habitats+and+their+management&rft.au=Reilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BSpagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biota; dredging; environmental analysis; estuaries; estuarine environment; habitat; marine environment; marine sediments; paludal environment; protection; sediments; shallow-water environment; terrestrial environment; waste disposal; water management; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management AN - 52384119; 2000-019707 JF - Estuaries AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 731 EP - 823 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - water quality KW - shallow-water environment KW - water management KW - vegetation KW - biota KW - habitat KW - estuaries KW - beaches KW - symposia KW - marine environment KW - coastal environment KW - ecology KW - estuarine environment KW - 07:Oceanography KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Third+annual+Marine+and+estuarine+shallow+water+science+and+management+conference+on+The+interrelationship+among+habitats+and+their+management&rft.au=Spagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BReilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Spagnolo&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers within scope are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beaches; biota; coastal environment; ecology; estuaries; estuarine environment; habitat; marine environment; shallow-water environment; symposia; vegetation; water management; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and assessment of the sediment quality and transport processes in the west branch of the Grand Calumet River in Illinois AN - 52285660; 2000-079463 JF - Open File Series - Illinois State Geological Survey AU - Cahill, Richard A AU - Demissie, Misganaw AU - Bogner, William C Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 122 PB - Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL KW - United States KW - stream transport KW - stream sediments KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - dredging KW - sedimentation rates KW - sediments KW - drainage basins KW - Grand Calumet River KW - geochemistry KW - Cook County Illinois KW - concentration KW - Illinois KW - sediment transport KW - pollutants KW - effluents KW - surface water KW - sedimentation KW - pollution KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - organic compounds KW - metals KW - fluvial environment KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52285660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Cahill%2C+Richard+A%3BDemissie%2C+Misganaw%3BBogner%2C+William+C&rft.aulast=Cahill&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Characterization+and+assessment+of+the+sediment+quality+and+transport+processes+in+the+west+branch+of+the+Grand+Calumet+River+in+Illinois&rft.title=Characterization+and+assessment+of+the+sediment+quality+and+transport+processes+in+the+west+branch+of+the+Grand+Calumet+River+in+Illinois&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/servs/pubs/ofhome.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03572 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - concentration; Cook County Illinois; drainage basins; dredging; effluents; environmental analysis; environmental effects; fluvial environment; fluvial sedimentation; geochemistry; Grand Calumet River; Illinois; metals; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; sediment transport; sedimentation; sedimentation rates; sediments; stream sediments; stream transport; surface water; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance evaluation of aerated lagoon in summer and winter conditions AN - 17474561; 4670362 AB - A 1-year study evaluated the performance of a full-scale aerated lagoon, located in a midwest community in the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the lagoon under varied temperature conditions. The main parameters for evaluation were 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonia-N. In addition, phosphorus and bacteriological qualities of the effluent were investigated. In general, the facility met 5-day biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids limits required by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. The lagoon reduced the ammonia-N concentration efficiently during late spring, summer, and fall, with values ranging from 0.3 to 4.2 mg/L. In the winter period the activities of the nitrifying bacteria diminished, resulting in a reduced nitrification rate. The ammonia-N during winter ranged from 8.8 to 23 mg/L. During the spring months (March to May) the nitrification rate slowly increased with the rise in temperature. This reflects the time period and environment necessary to reach an effective nitrification population in the system. The adjustment period was reversed in the fall months with a declining population of nitrifiers and decreased nitrification rates. The effluent total phosphate levels ranged from 0.6 to 4.9 mg/L. Effluent fecal coliform values ranged from 10 to 1,110/100 mL. JF - Journal of Cold Regions Engineering AU - Surampalli, R Y AU - Ninaroon, S AU - Banerji, S K AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 153 EP - 164 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0887-381X, 0887-381X KW - USA, Midwest KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Coliforms KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Phosphates KW - Aerated Lagoons KW - Nitrification KW - Ammonia KW - Temperature Effects KW - Effluents KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17474561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cold+Regions+Engineering&rft.atitle=Performance+evaluation+of+aerated+lagoon+in+summer+and+winter+conditions&rft.au=Surampalli%2C+R+Y%3BNinaroon%2C+S%3BBanerji%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Surampalli&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cold+Regions+Engineering&rft.issn=0887381X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290887-381X%281999%2913%3A3%28153%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerated Lagoons; Performance Evaluation; Nitrification; Effluents; Temperature Effects; Phosphates; Coliforms; Ammonia; Seasonal Variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1999)13:3(153) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Latitudinal gradients in benthic community composition in Western Atlantic estuaries AN - 17466185; 4670016 AB - Aim The community composition of benthic macroinvertebrates from 295 estuarine sites was examined in order to either confirm or challenge established boundaries of zoogeographical provinces. We also investigated the postulate that, while local distributions were determined by natural habitat characteristics such as salinity, sediment type and depth, distributions on a large geographical scale would be correlated with temperature. Location The Atlantic coast of the United States (on a latitudinal gradient from 42 degree to 25 degree N). Methods Using the descriptive techniques of cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, we determined the similarities in benthic community composition between sites within 1 degree latitudinal bands and compared the biotic ordinations to natural habitat characteristics such as salinity, sediment type and depth. We then evaluated the overall community composition within each 1 degree latitudinal band and established whether or not similarities existed between adjacent 1 degree latitudinal bands. In this manner, we were able to confirm that a latitudinal gradient existed in estuarine benthic community composition along the western Atlantic coast. This latitudinal gradient was demarcated by biogeographical boundaries at (1) Biscayne Bay, Florida, (2) the southern end of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, (3) St John's River, Florida, (4) Cape Island, South Carolina, (5) the mouth of the Cape Fear River, North Carolina and (6) Cape Cod, Massachusetts, with a subprovince boundary just north of Cape May at Wildwood, New Jersey. Results The major divisions approximated widely recognized biogeographical boundaries. Average summer water temperatures correlated better than sediment type, depth, or salinity with the latitudinal groupings of sites determined by cluster analysis. Conclusions Based on this relationship, we speculate on the potential impacts of current global climate change scenarios on the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates along the western Atlantic coast. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Engle, V D AU - Summers, J K AD - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 1007 EP - 1023 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - USA, Florida, Biscayne Bay KW - USA, Florida, Indian River Lagoon KW - USA, Florida, St. John's R. KW - USA, Massachusetts, Cape Cod KW - USA, New Jersey, Wildwood, Cape May KW - USA, North Carolina, Cape Fear KW - USA, South Carolina, Cape I. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Benthic environment KW - Faunal provinces KW - ASW, USA KW - ANW, USA KW - Habitats KW - Salinity KW - Correlation Analysis KW - Invertebrata KW - Climatic Changes KW - Latitude KW - Latitudinal Studies KW - Coasts KW - Temperature effects KW - Biogeography KW - Estuaries KW - Temperature KW - Community composition KW - Latitudinal variations KW - Boundaries KW - Zoobenthos KW - Benthos KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - O 1030:Invertebrates KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - D 04320:Brackishwater KW - Q1 08383:Biogeography and biogeographic regions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17466185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Latitudinal+gradients+in+benthic+community+composition+in+Western+Atlantic+estuaries&rft.au=Engle%2C+V+D%3BSummers%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Engle&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2699.1999.00341.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Estuarine organisms; Temperature effects; Community composition; Biogeography; Latitudinal variations; Zoobenthos; Faunal provinces; Latitude; Benthic environment; Salinity; Habitats; Estuaries; Correlation Analysis; Boundaries; Temperature; Climatic Changes; Latitudinal Studies; Macroinvertebrates; Coasts; Benthos; Invertebrata; ASW, USA; ANW, USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00341.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduced Fish in Northeastern USA Lakes: Regional Extent, Dominance, and Effect on Native Species Richness AN - 17461149; 4671765 AB - We assessed the effects of nonnative fish on native fish biodiversity, using assemblage data collected during 1991-1996 from 203 randomly selected lakes in the northeastern USA by the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. An estimated 74% ( plus or minus 17.6%, 95% confidence interval) of the region's 10,608 lakes between 1 and 10,000 ha contain at least one introduced species. Based on our samples, nonnative individuals outnumbered natives in an estimated 31.5% ( plus or minus 11%) of lakes. Regression models indicated that native, introduced, and total species richness were associated with lake surface area, elevation, and lake depth (0.31 less than or equal to R super(2) less than or equal to 0.81). The intensity of human disturbance in the watershed was positively associated with introduced species richness but not associated with native species richness. The number of nonnative species was a significant variable in the native-species regression models for the entire Northeast and for only one of five subregions, the Northeast Coastal Zone ecoregion. Of the types of fishes that have been introduced, littoral predators--primarily Micropterus--appeared to have the greatest negative effect on native species richness. Small or soft-finned species appeared to be the least tolerant of these introduced predators, Native brook trout and minnow assemblages, typical of northern lakes in the Northeast but now rare in the Adirondacks, appeared to be at the greatest risk from continued introductions in northeastern New England. Current among-lake ( beta ) species diversity was associated more with regional diversity of lake types than with extent or dominance of nonnative species. Without quantitative historical data, it was not possible to demonstrate a homogenizing effect of introductions on lake fish assemblages. JF - Transactions of the American Fisheries Society AU - Whittier, T R AU - Kincaid, T M AD - Dynamac International, Inc., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory--Western Ecology Division, 200 Southwest 35th Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA, whittier@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 769 EP - 783 VL - 128 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8487, 0002-8487 KW - USA KW - USA, Northeast KW - biodiversity KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Environmental Effects KW - Environmental impact KW - Biological diversity KW - Species Diversity KW - Freshwater KW - Pisces KW - Lakes KW - Community composition KW - Fishery management KW - Exotic Species KW - Trout KW - Species diversity KW - Fish Populations KW - Introduced species KW - Species richness KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17461149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society&rft.atitle=Introduced+Fish+in+Northeastern+USA+Lakes%3A+Regional+Extent%2C+Dominance%2C+and+Effect+on+Native+Species+Richness&rft.au=Whittier%2C+T+R%3BKincaid%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Whittier&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society&rft.issn=00028487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Fishery management; Species diversity; Environmental impact; Introduced species; Lakes; Biological diversity; Species richness; Environmental Effects; Trout; Exotic Species; Species Diversity; Fish Populations; Pisces; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecoregions: A Geographic Framework to Guide Risk Characterization and Ecosystem Management AN - 17429210; 4644845 AB - Two central tenets of the ecosystem management paradigm are integrity and sustainability. Recognizing, maintaining, and/or restoring ecosystem integrity and sustainability present a major challenge to those attempting to implement an ecosystem approach to management. One way to begin to define and apply these concepts is to become familiar with the status of the ecosystems in question through characterization. Characterization involves spatial definition as well as a description of ecosystem qualities and behavior. An ecoregion framework is a characterization tool appropriate for describing an ecosystem's natural potential and variability as well as its typical response to various human disturbances. Using examples from the mid-Atlantic Highland region of the United States, we discuss the merits of using ecoregions both as an organizing framework that identifies region-specific disturbances and risks to ecosystems and as a reporting framework for interpreting research and assessment results. With an ecoregion approach, land managers can develop management strategies that are consistent with regional expectations and predictive of ecosystem response to various land use practices. JF - Environmental Practice AU - Bryce, SA AU - Omernik, JM AU - Larsen, D P AD - Dynamac Corporation, U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, bryce@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 141 EP - 155 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1466-0466, 1466-0466 KW - ecosystem management KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Sustainable development KW - Land use KW - Human factors KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17429210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Practice&rft.atitle=Ecoregions%3A+A+Geographic+Framework+to+Guide+Risk+Characterization+and+Ecosystem+Management&rft.au=Bryce%2C+SA%3BOmernik%2C+JM%3BLarsen%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Practice&rft.issn=14660466&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land use; Human factors; Sustainable development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PM fine standards and implied modeling/analysis needs AN - 17408013; 4634256 AB - New National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) were promulgated for fine particulate matter (FPM) in July 1997. This paper summarizes likely timing for implementing programs to meet these standards, which have a bearing on future modeling/analysis needs. The paper notes technical requirements implied by the nature of the NAAQS, as well as feedback the agency has received concerning modeling/analysis through Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) subcommittee work groups. Conclusions and recommendations drawn from recently completed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-sponsored workshops on modeling and other source attribution techniques are also described. Efforts to respond to needs implied by the NAAQS and feedback are noted by outlining major topics and issues that future guidance on use of modeling and other analyses used for attainment demonstrations will need to address. The paper concludes by highlighting several as yet unmet modeling/analysis needs to support a well-founded strategy for meeting air quality goals for FPM. These are suggested as potential areas for policy-relevant research. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Meyer, EL Jr AU - Braverman, T N AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - PM116 EP - PM124 VL - 49 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - New National Ambient Air Quality Standards KW - models KW - Federal Advisory Committee Act KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air quality standards KW - Federal regulations KW - Compliance KW - Particulates KW - Legislation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17408013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=PM+fine+standards+and+implied+modeling%2Fanalysis+needs&rft.au=Meyer%2C+EL+Jr%3BBraverman%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=&rft.spage=PM116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue on PM sub(2.5):. A fine partide standard 2.5 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particulates; Air quality standards; Legislation; Compliance; Federal regulations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of particulate matter on daily mortality in Bangkok, Thailand AN - 17407951; 4634254 AB - Several studies conducted in U.S. cities report an association between acute exposures to particulate matter (PM), usually measured as PM sub(10), and mortality. Evidence of high concentrations of PM sub(10) in Eastern Europe and in large metropolitan areas outside of the United States, such as Mexico City and Bangkok, underscores the need to determine whether these same associations occur outside of the United States. In addition, conducting studies of mortality and air pollution in regions that have distinctly different seasonal patterns than those of the United States provides an effective opportunity to assess the potentially confounding aspects of seasonality. Over the last few years, daily measures of ambient PM sub(10) have been collected in Bangkok, a tropical city of over 6 million people. In this metropolitan area, PM sub(10) consists largely of fine particles generated from diesel- and gasoline-powered automobiles, and from two-stroke motorcycle engines. Our analysis involved the examination of the relationship between PM sub(10) and daily mortality for 1992 through 1995. In addition to counts of daily natural mortality (total mortality net of accidents, homicides, and suicides), the data were compiled to assess both cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, and natural mortality by age group. A multivariate Poisson regression model was used to explain daily mortality while controlling for several covariates including temperature, humidity, day of the week, season, and time. The analysis indicated a statistically significant association between PM sub(10) and all of the alternative measures of mortality. The results suggest a 10- mu g/m super(3) change in daily PM sub(10) is associated with a 1-2% increase in natural mortality, a 1-2% increase in cardiovascular mortality, and a 3-6% increase in respiratory mortality. These relative risks are generally consistent with or greater than those reported in most studies undertaken in the United States. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Ostro, B AU - Chestnut, L AU - Vichit-Vadakan, N AU - Laixuthai, A AD - Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - PM100 EP - PM107 VL - 49 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - man KW - Thailand, Bangkok KW - diesel KW - gasoline KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Particulate matter KW - Environmental health KW - Seasonal variations KW - Exhaust emissions KW - Lung diseases KW - Risk assessment KW - Cardiovascular system KW - Combustion products KW - Statistical analysis KW - Pollution effects KW - Particulates KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Mortality KW - Air pollution KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17407951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+particulate+matter+on+daily+mortality+in+Bangkok%2C+Thailand&rft.au=Ostro%2C+B%3BChestnut%2C+L%3BVichit-Vadakan%2C+N%3BLaixuthai%2C+A&rft.aulast=Ostro&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=&rft.spage=PM100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue on PM sub(2.5):. A fine partide standard 2.5 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Pollution effects; Environmental health; Mortality; Risk assessment; Particulates; Exhaust emissions; Seasonal variations; Statistical analysis; Cardiovascular diseases; Particulate matter; Multivariate analysis; Cardiovascular system; Lung diseases; Motor vehicles; Combustion products; Fuels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Objectives and design of central California's 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study of the California regional PM sub(10)/PM sub(2.5) Air Quality Study AN - 17405865; 4634263 AB - The 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study (IMS95) is part of the Phase 1 planning efforts for the California Regional PM sub(10)/PM sub(2.5) Air Quality Study. Thus, the overall objectives of IMS95 are to (1) fill information gaps needed for planning an effective field program later this decade; (2) develop an improved conceptual model for pollution buildup (PM sub(10), PM sub(2.5), and aerosol precursors) in the San Joaquin Valley; (3) develop a uniform air quality, meteorological, and emissions database that can be used to perform initial evaluations of aerosol and fog air quality models; and (4) provide early products that can be used to help with the development of State Implementation Plans for PM sub(10). Consideration of the new particulate matter standards were also included in the planning and design of IMS95, although they were proposed standards when IMS95 was in the planning process. This paper describes the objectives, components, and measurements obtained during IMS95. Results are presented elsewhere and are referenced within. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Solomon, P A AU - Magliano, K L AD - EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory, MD-46, Research Triangle Park, NC 27613, USA, solomon.paul@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - PM199 EP - PM215 VL - 49 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - USA, California KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Aerosols KW - Air quality measurements KW - Particulates KW - State programs KW - Emission measurements KW - Data bases KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17405865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Objectives+and+design+of+central+California%27s+1995+Integrated+Monitoring+Study+of+the+California+regional+PM+sub%2810%29%2FPM+sub%282.5%29+Air+Quality+Study&rft.au=Solomon%2C+P+A%3BMagliano%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=&rft.spage=PM199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue on PM sub(2.5):. A fine partide standard 2.5 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air quality measurements; Particulates; Aerosols; Data bases; Emission measurements; State programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of soil organic matter in freshwater emergent/open water wetlands in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area AN - 17391087; 4619980 AB - We measured soil organic matter (SOM) concentrations in a large sample (n = 95) of freshwater emergent and open water wetlands in the Portland, Oregon, USA, area as part of a study of the ecological development of mitigation wetlands. Mean SOM concentrations were higher in naturally occurring wetlands (NOWs) than in mitigation wetlands (MWs) at 0-5 cm (SOM = 9.75 and 5.83%, respectively, p = 0.0001) and at 15-20 cm (SOM = 6.85, 4.68%, p = 0.0551). If temporal accumulation of SOM is occurring, it is slow; we found no significant relationship between SOM and wetland age (p = 0.6003) and no significant change in SOM concentration in soils in MWs sampled in 1987 and 1993. Concentrations of SOM were not significantly related to land use but were related to soil series, texture class, and association, and to hydrogeomorphic class. For a subset of wetlands monitored for hydrology, we also found a significant negative relationship between SOM and the extent of inundation by standing water. Mitigation may be leading to direct loss of SOM, probably resulting from soil management practices during project construction. We also show that hydrologic regime significantly affects SOM. Because most projects in our study were built in pre-existing wetlands and have extensive areas of open water, our results suggest that low concentrations of SOM are likely to persist. For SOM and probably for SOM-supported wetland functions, fundamental goals of mitigation and wetland management (in-kind wetland replacement, no-net-loss of structure and function) are not being achieved, at least in the short term. The success of mitigation, in terms of SOM, could be improved by better project design and better management of soils during project construction. JF - Wetlands AU - Shaffer, P W AU - Ernst, T L AD - Dynamac Corporation Environmental Sciences, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, shaffer@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 505 EP - 516 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - standing water KW - USA, Oregon, Portland KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Water Management KW - Land Management KW - Land KW - Organic matter KW - Decision Making KW - Soil Organic Matter KW - Resources Management KW - Land use KW - Geomorphology KW - Water management KW - Hydrology KW - Wetlands KW - Decision theory KW - Resources KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17391087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+soil+organic+matter+in+freshwater+emergent%2Fopen+water+wetlands+in+the+Portland%2C+Oregon+metropolitan+area&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+P+W%3BErnst%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wetlands; Hydrology; Geomorphology; Land Management; Water Management; Decision Making; Resources Management; Land Use; Soil Organic Matter; USA, Oregon, Portland; Land; Water management; Decision theory; Resources; Land use; Organic matter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of wetland hydrology using hydrogeomorphic classification AN - 17391004; 4619979 AB - Hydrologic data are essential for understanding relationships between wetland morphology and function and for characterizing landscape-scale patterns of wetland occurrence. We monitored water levels in 45 wetlands for three years to characterize the hydrology of wetlands in the vicinity of Portland, Oregon, USA and classified wetlands by hydrogeomorphic (HGM) class to determine whether hydrologic regimes differed in wetlands in different HGM classes. We also compared hydrologic regimes in naturally occurring wetlands (NOWs) and mitigation wetlands (MWs) and in wetlands with/without a human-made water-retention structure to determine whether and how human modifications are changing the hydrology of wetlands. We found no relationship between hydrologic attributes and land use, soil association, or wetland area. We did find significant differences related to presence of a water-retention structure and to wetland type (NOW or MW). Water levels were higher and had less temporal variability and more extensive inundation (as % wetland area) in MWs and in wetlands modified to include a retention structure. HGM class was very effective for characterizing wetland hydrology, with significant differences among HGM classes for water level and for extent and duration of inundation. For three regional classes, we found the lowest water levels and lowest extent/duration of inundation in slope wetlands, intermediate conditions in riverine wetlands, and the highest water levels and greatest extent and duration of inundation in depressions. In "atypical" classes, average water level and extent of inundation were similar to conditions in depressions, but the within-site variability in water levels in depressions-in-slope-setting and in-stream-depressions was significantly smaller than in the regional classes (p less than or equal to 0.001). Results highlight the importance of both geomorphic setting and wetland structure in defining wetland hydrology and support the use of HGM for wetland classification. Because hydrology is an important determinant of many wetland functions, resource managers using restoration and mitigation to offset wetland losses should strive for project design and siting that re-establish the hydrogeomorphology of natural wetlands to improve the likelihood of replacing wetland functions. JF - Wetlands AU - Shaffer, P W AU - Kentula, ME AU - Gwin, SE AD - Dynamac Corporation Environmental Services, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, shaffer@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 490 EP - 504 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - USA, Portland, Oregon KW - hydrogeomorphic classification KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Classification systems KW - USA, Oregon, Portland KW - Water Management KW - Land Management KW - Land KW - Water level KW - Drainage KW - Water Level KW - Decision Making KW - Water levels KW - Geomorphology KW - Classification KW - Water management KW - Hydrology KW - Wetlands KW - Decision theory KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17391004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+wetland+hydrology+using+hydrogeomorphic+classification&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+P+W%3BKentula%2C+ME%3BGwin%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water levels; Classification systems; Hydrology; Wetlands; Geomorphology; Water level; Water management; Land; Drainage; Decision theory; Water Management; Land Management; Classification; Water Level; Decision Making; USA, Oregon, Portland ER - TY - CONF T1 - Steps towards an environmentally sustainable transport system AN - 17384003; 4613988 AB - Motorists may assist in going towards sustainable transport if given a wider basis for choice between vehicles, to include a number of important environmental aspects. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Olsson, L Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 407 EP - 409 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 235 IS - 1-3 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Transportation KW - Motor vehicles KW - Environmental impact KW - Sustainable development KW - Pollution forecasting KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17384003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Steps+towards+an+environmentally+sustainable+transport+system&rft.au=Olsson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Olsson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=235&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2899%2900248-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00248-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of six potato cultivars to amount of applied water and Verticillium dahliae AN - 17339011; 4598906 AB - Six potato cultivars were grown with or without the addition of Verticillium dahliae inoculum and were watered at 50, 75, or 100% estimated consumptive use. The applied water x cultivar interaction was significant (P = 0.009 and P = 0.001 for 1996 and 1997, respectively) for the relative area under the senescence progress curve (RAUSPC). With a decrease in water, there was an increase in RAUSPC. A significant interaction of inoculum density x cultivar also was found, based on RAUSPC (P = 0.0194 and P = 0.0033 for 1996 and 1997, respectively). In V. dahliae-infested plots, 'Katahdin' and 'Ranger Russet' were resistant to Verticillium wilt. Population size of V. dahliae in stem apices was significantly lower in 'Katahdin' in both 1996 and 1997 (P = 0.0001) and in 'Ranger Russet' in 1997 (P = 0.0001) than in the other cultivars. 'Russet Burbank' and 'Shepody' had large apical stem populations of V. dahliae and higher RAUSPC values associated with both V. dahliae inoculum and decreased amount of applied water. Marketable tuber yield was unaffected by V. dahliae in both years. Cultivar resistance to Verticillium wilt was related to cultivar tolerance to moisture deficit stress. Results suggest that moisture deficit stress response has the potential to be a useful tool in protocols for screening potato for Verticillium resistance. JF - Phytopathology AU - Arbogast, M AU - Powelson, M L AU - Cappaert, M R AU - Watrud, L S AD - Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO) c/o United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 200 SW Western, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA, arbogast@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 782 EP - 788 VL - 89 IS - 9 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - moisture deficit stress KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plant protection KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Verticillium dahliae KW - Disease resistance KW - Water KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17339011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Response+of+six+potato+cultivars+to+amount+of+applied+water+and+Verticillium+dahliae&rft.au=Arbogast%2C+M%3BPowelson%2C+M+L%3BCappaert%2C+M+R%3BWatrud%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Arbogast&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=782&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Verticillium dahliae; Disease resistance; Plant protection; Water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using resistance and resilience measurements for "fitness" tests in ecosystem health AN - 17312116; 4586725 AB - The resistance and resilience of perennial grasses and a small shrub to a natural disturbance (drought) were measured on stress gradients that were produced by domestic livestock in desert grassland ecosystems in the northern Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico, USA. Both survivorship of grasses and a sub-shrub during a drought (a measure of resistance) and re-establishment of plant cover following a drought (a measure of resilience) were reduced in the intensely stressed ecosystems in comparison to the lightly stressed ecosystems. The compromise of the resistance and resilience characteristics of an ecosystem can be used as a "fitness" test for the health of ecosystems. Fitness tests can provide early warning of ecosystem degeneration and allow intervention to reduce or eliminate anthropogenic stress on the ecosystems. JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Whitford, W G AU - Rapport, D J AU - Desoyza, A G AD - US-EPA, Office of Research and Development, Las Cruces, MSC 3JER, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 21 EP - 29 PB - Academic Press VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - ecosystem resilience KW - grazing KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Grasses KW - Ecosystem resilience KW - Grazing KW - Arid environments KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04130:Arid zones KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17312116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Using+resistance+and+resilience+measurements+for+%22fitness%22+tests+in+ecosystem+health&rft.au=Whitford%2C+W+G%3BRapport%2C+D+J%3BDesoyza%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjema.1999.0287 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grazing; Ecosystem resilience; Arid environments; Grasses DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1999.0287 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lung injury from intratracheal and inhalation exposures to residual oil fly ash in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. AN - 70818315; 10515573 AB - A rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary injury/hypertension has been recently used in particulate matter (PM) health effects studies, however, results have been equivocal. Neither the mechanism by which mortality occurs in this model nor the variation in response due to differences in PM exposure protocols (i.e., a bolus dose delivered intratracheally versus a similar cumulative dose inhaled over three days) have been fully investigated. Sprague Dawley rats (SD, 60 d old; 250-300 g) were injected with either saline (healthy) or MCT, 60 mg/kg, i.p. (to induce pulmonary injury/hypertension). Ten days later they were exposed to residual oil fly ash (ROFA), either intratracheally (IT; saline, 0.83 or 3.33 mg/kg) or by nose-only inhalation (15 mg/m3 x 6 h/d x 3 d). Lung histology, pulmonary cytokine gene expression (0 and 18 h postinhalation), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) markers of injury were analyzed (24 and 96 h post-IT; or 18 h post-inhalation). Data comparisons examined three primary aspects, 1) ROFA IT versus inhalation effects in healthy rats; 2) pulmonary injury caused by MCT; and 3) exacerbation of ROFA effects in MCT rats. In the first aspect, pulmonary histological lesions following ROFA inhalation in healthy rats were characterized by edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and thickening of alveolar walls. Increases in BALF markers of lung injury and inflammation were apparent in ROFA-IT or nose-only exposed healthy rats. Increased IL-6, and MIP-2 expression were also apparent in healthy rats following ROFA inhalation. In regards to the second aspect, MCT rats exposed to saline or air showed perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates, increased presence of large macrophages, and alveolar thickening. Consistently, BALF protein, and inflammatory markers (macrophage and neutrophil counts) were elevated indicating pulmonary injury. In regards to the third aspect, 58% of MCT rats exposed to ROFA IT died within 96 h regardless of the dose. No mortality was observed using the inhalation protocol. ROFA inhalation in MCT rats caused exacerbation of lung lesions such as increased edema, alveolar wall thickening, and inflammatory cell infiltration. This exacerbation was also evident in terms of additive or more than additive increases in BALF neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils. IL-6 but not MIP-2 expression was more than additive in MCT rats, and persisted over 18 h following ROFA. IL-10 and cellular fibronectin expression was only increased in MCT rats exposed to ROFA. In summary, only the bolus IT ROFA caused mortality in the rat model of lung injury/hypertension. Exacerbation of histological lesions and cytokine mRNA expression were most reflective of increased ROFA susceptibility in this model. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Kodavanti, U P AU - Jackson, M C AU - Ledbetter, A D AU - Richards, J R AU - Gardner, S Y AU - Watkinson, W P AU - Campen, M J AU - Costa, D L AD - Pulmonary Toxicology Branch, Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Kodavanti.urmila@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/27/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 27 SP - 543 EP - 563 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Coal Ash KW - Cytokines KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Particulate Matter KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - Monocrotaline KW - 73077K8HYV KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cytokines -- genetics KW - Intubation, Intratracheal KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - DNA, Complementary -- analysis KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Survival Rate KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - RNA -- metabolism KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Hypertension, Pulmonary -- chemically induced KW - Lung Diseases -- pathology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lung Diseases -- mortality KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Carbon -- toxicity KW - Carbon -- administration & dosage KW - Monocrotaline -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70818315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Lung+injury+from+intratracheal+and+inhalation+exposures+to+residual+oil+fly+ash+in+a+rat+model+of+monocrotaline-induced+pulmonary+hypertension.&rft.au=Kodavanti%2C+U+P%3BJackson%2C+M+C%3BLedbetter%2C+A+D%3BRichards%2C+J+R%3BGardner%2C+S+Y%3BWatkinson%2C+W+P%3BCampen%2C+M+J%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Kodavanti&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1999-08-27&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of CYP1A2 on disposition of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in CYP1A2 knockout and parental (C57BL/6N and 129/Sv) strains of mice. AN - 69976286; 10448125 AB - TCDD is the prototype and most potent member of the highly lipophilic polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs), which are persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminants. In both acute and subchronic animal studies, there is a specific accumulation of TCDD in liver greater than in adipose tissue. The inducible hepatic binding protein responsible for this hepatic sequestration of TCDD and its congeners has been shown by our laboratory to be CYP1A2 (J. J. Diliberto, D. Burgin, and L. S. Birnbaum, 1997, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 236, 431-433). The present study was conducted using knockout (KO) mice lacking expression of CYP1A2 (CYP1A2-/-) in order to investigate the role of CYP1A2 gene on the disposition of TCDD, 4-PeCDF (a dioxin-like PHAH), and PCB 153 (a nondioxin-like PCB) in KO (CYP1A2-/-) mice and age-matched parental mice strains (C57BL/6N: CYP1A2+/+, Ah(b/b) and 129/Sv: CYP1A2+/+, Ah(d/d)). Mice were dosed (25 microgram [(3)H]TCDD/kg, 300 microgram [(14)C]4-PeCDF/kg, or 35.8 mg [(14)C]PCB 153/kg bw in a corn oil vehicle) orally and terminated after 4 days. Residues of administered compounds in collected tissues and daily excreta were quantitated using (3)H or (14)C activity. Results demonstrated differential effects in disposition for the various treatments within the three genetically different groups of mice. In KO mice, TCDD, 4-PeCDF, and PCB 153 had very little hepatic localization of chemical, and the major depot was adipose tissue. In contrast, parental strains demonstrated hepatic sequestration of TCDD and 4-PeCDF, whereas disposition of PCB 153 in parental strains was similar to that in KO mice. Another difference between KO mice and parental strains was the enhanced urinary excretion of 4-PeCDF. This study demonstrates the importance of CYP1A2 in pharmacokinetic behavior and mechanistic issues for TCDD and related compounds. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Diliberto, J J AU - Burgin, D E AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/08/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 15 SP - 52 EP - 64 VL - 159 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Benzofurans -- pharmacokinetics KW - Benzofurans -- urine KW - Mice KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Mice, Inbred Strains -- genetics KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- pharmacokinetics KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- physiology KW - Environmental Pollutants -- urine KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69976286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+CYP1A2+on+disposition+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C+8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin%2C+2%2C3%2C4%2C7%2C8-pentachlorodibenzofuran%2C+and+2%2C2%27%2C4%2C4%27%2C5%2C5%27-hexachlorobiphenyl+in+CYP1A2+knockout+and+parental+%28C57BL%2F6N+and+129%2FSv%29+strains+of+mice.&rft.au=Diliberto%2C+J+J%3BBurgin%2C+D+E%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Diliberto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-15&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extracellular calcium is required for the polychlorinated biphenyl-induced increase of intracellular free calcium levels in cerebellar granule cell culture. AN - 70783192; 10499848 AB - Recent studies from the laboratory indicate that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners can alter signal transduction and calcium homeostasis in neuronal preparations. These effects were more pronounced for the ortho-substituted, non-coplanar congeners, although the mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. In the present study the time-course and concentration-dependent effects of coplanar and non-coplanar PCBs on intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cerebellar granule cell cultures were compared using the fluorescent probe fura-2. The ortho-substituted congeners 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl (DCB) and 2,2',4,6,6'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PeCB) caused a gradual increase of [Ca2+]i while the non-ortho-substituted congeners 4,4'-DCB and 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB had no effect. The increase of [Ca2+]i produced by 2,2'-DCB was time- and concentration-dependent. Further studies examined possible mechanisms for this rise in [Ca2+]i. In contrast to the muscarinic agonist carbachol, the effects of 2,2'-DCB on [Ca2+]i were not blocked by thapsigargin and required the presence of extracellular calcium. The effects of ortho-substituted PCBs may depend on their ability to inhibit calcium sequestration as 2,2'-DCB significantly inhibited 45Ca2+-uptake by microsomes and mitochondria while 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB had no effect. In addition, 2,2'-DCB significantly increased the binding of [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to receptors on cerebellar microsomes, suggesting another possible mechanism by which ortho-substituted PCBs can mobilize [Ca2+]i. These results show that PCBs increase [Ca2+]i in vitro via a mechanism that requires extracelluar calcium, and support previous structure-activity studies indicating that ortho-substituted PCBs are more potent than non-ortho-substituted PCBs. JF - Toxicology AU - Mundy, W R AU - Shafer, T J AU - Tilson, H A AU - Kodavanti, P R AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. mundy.william@epamail.epa.gov. Y1 - 1999/08/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 13 SP - 27 EP - 39 VL - 136 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Calcium Channels KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors KW - Muscarinic Agonists KW - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear KW - Thapsigargin KW - 67526-95-8 KW - Carbachol KW - 8Y164V895Y KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Calcium Channels -- metabolism KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Mitochondria, Liver -- metabolism KW - Mitochondria, Liver -- drug effects KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Thapsigargin -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear -- metabolism KW - Muscarinic Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Carbachol -- pharmacology KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Cerebellum -- cytology KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70783192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Extracellular+calcium+is+required+for+the+polychlorinated+biphenyl-induced+increase+of+intracellular+free+calcium+levels+in+cerebellar+granule+cell+culture.&rft.au=Mundy%2C+W+R%3BShafer%2C+T+J%3BTilson%2C+H+A%3BKodavanti%2C+P+R&rft.aulast=Mundy&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to urban air particulates alters the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response to respiratory viral infection. AN - 70040848; 10494914 AB - Epidemiology studies associate increased pulmonary morbidity with episodes of high particulate air pollution (size range 0.1-10 microm diameter, PM10). Pneumonia, often viral in origin, is increased following episodes of high PM10 pollution. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate how PM10 alters airway inflammatory responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a frequent cause of viral pneumonia in infants and the elderly. Supernatants of unexposed and PM10-exposed alveolar macrophage (AM) cultured with uninfected or RSV-infected airway epithelial cells were assessed for a number of chemokines responsible for inflammatory responses in the lung. AM exposure to PM10 in the absence of infection resulted in a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha production but not in MIP-1beta or monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1. AM responded to RSV infection by the production of IL-8, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and MCP-1, while RANTES was derived solely from the RSV-infected bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. In the presence of PM10, the AM response to RSV was blunted. RSV-induced MCP-1 was significantly decreased, and the levels of MIP-1 and IL-8 were lower than expected from a combined response to PM10 and RSV. Furthermore, AM analyzed for uptake of virus showed a 50% decrease in viral antigen when exposed to PM10 RSV-induced production of RANTES by epithelial cells was decreased in the presence of AM but not affected by PM10 exposure. Taken together, these results suggest that AM-regulated inflammatory responses to viral infection are altered by exposure to PM10 in a manner that may result in increased spread of infection and thus may increase viral pneumonia-related hospital admissions. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Becker, S AU - Soukup, J M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Human Studies Division, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. becker.susanne@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 13 SP - 445 EP - 457 VL - 57 IS - 7 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Chemokine CCL3 KW - 0 KW - Chemokine CCL4 KW - Cytokines KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Urban Health KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Cytokines -- immunology KW - Adult KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Adolescent KW - Cell Line KW - Air Pollution KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins -- immunology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections -- immunology KW - Pneumonia, Viral -- immunology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70040848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+urban+air+particulates+alters+the+macrophage-mediated+inflammatory+response+to+respiratory+viral+infection.&rft.au=Becker%2C+S%3BSoukup%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of aging on resistance to Trichinella spiralis infection in rodents exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin AN - 17343386; 4599724 AB - Immune function, including resistance to infection, decreases as humans and rodents age. We have shown that preinfection exposure of young (9-11 weeks) mice or rats to TCDD decreased resistance to Trichinella spiralis (Ts) infection, expressed as delayed onset or completion of parasite elimination and as increased muscle burdens of larvae. It has also been shown that aged mice express lower constitutive levels of resistance to Ts infection, compared to young adult animals. This study tested the hypothesis that the age-related decrease in constitutive levels of resistance to Ts infection exacerbates the decreased resistance to infection that follows TCDD exposure. This hypothesis addresses the concern that TCDD may pose a greater threat to the elderly than to the population at large. Animals were given a single oral dose of 1, 10, or 30 mu g TCDD/kg, 7 days before infection. Eleven days later, young ( approximately 10 weeks) control rodents had eliminated a greater proportion of the original parasite burden from the intestine than aged control animals. Nevertheless, parasite elimination was decreased by TCDD exposure only in young rodents. The effect of TCDD exposure on numbers of encysted larvae was evaluated only in rats. Increased larvae burdens occurred in young rats at 30 mu g TCDD/kg and at 10 or 30 mu g TCDD/kg in aged rats. Parasite-specific splenocyte and lymph node cell proliferation was suppressed following dioxin exposure in young mice; cells from aged mice were markedly less responsive to stimulation, yet less sensitive to TCDD exposure. The response to parasite antigens was not affected in aged rats exposed to TCDD, although elevated mitogen-driven B-cell proliferation was observed. These results indicate that age-related constitutive immunosuppression did not exacerbate TCDD-induced suppression of T-cell mediated adult parasite expulsion; rather, advanced age provided some degree of protection. On the other hand, a lower dose of TCDD was required in aged rats to suppress the combined humoral and cellular responses that limit the burden of encysted larvae, compared to young rats. These model-dependent results preclude acceptance or rejection of the tested hypothesis. JF - Toxicology AU - Luebke, R W AU - Copeland, C B AU - Andrews, D L AD - Immunotoxicology Branch, Experimental Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, luebke.robert@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 13 SP - 15 EP - 26 VL - 136 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - mice KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Trichinella spiralis KW - Aging KW - TCDD KW - Immunity KW - Immune response KW - X 24151:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17343386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+aging+on+resistance+to+Trichinella+spiralis+infection+in+rodents+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin&rft.au=Luebke%2C+R+W%3BCopeland%2C+C+B%3BAndrews%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Luebke&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichinella spiralis; Immune response; Immunity; TCDD; Aging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term performance monitoring for a permeable reactive barrier at the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center, Elizabeth City, North Carolina. AN - 70857886; 10518667 AB - A continuous hanging iron wall was installed in June, 1996, at the U. S. Coast Guard (USCG) Support Center near Elizabeth City, NC, United States, to treat overlapping plumes of chromate and chlorinated solvent compounds. The wall was emplaced using a continuous trenching machine whereby native soil and aquifer sediment was removed and the iron simultaneously emplaced in one continuous excavation and fill operation. To date, there have been seven rounds (November 1996, March 1997, June 1997, September 1997, December 1997, March 1998, and June 1998) of performance monitoring of the wall. At this time, this is the only full-scale continuous 'hanging' wall installed as a permeable reactive barrier to remediate both chlorinated solvent compounds and chromate in groundwater. Performance monitoring entails the following: sampling of 10-5 cm PVC compliance wells and 15 multi-level samplers for the following constituents: TCE, cis-dichloroethylene (c-DCE), vinyl chloride, ethane, ethene, acetylene, methane, major anions, metals, Cr(VI), Fe(II), total sulfides, dissolved H(2), Eh, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, alkalinity, and turbidity. Electrical conductivity profiles have been conducted using a Geoprobe to verify emplacement of the continuous wall as designed and to locate upgradient and downgradient wall interfaces for coring purposes. Coring has been conducted in November, 1996, in June and September, 1997, and March, 1998, to evaluate the rate of corrosion on the iron surfaces, precipitate buildup (particularly at the upgradient interface), and permeability changes due to wall emplacement. In addition to several continuous vertical cores, angled cores through the 0.6-m thick wall have been collected to capture upgradient and downgradient wall interfaces along approximate horizontal flow paths for mineralogic analyses. JF - Journal of hazardous materials AU - Puls, R W AU - Blowes, D W AU - Gillham, R W AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, USEPA Subsurface Protection and Remediation Division, Ada, OK, USA. puls.robert@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 12 SP - 109 EP - 124 VL - 68 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Permeability KW - Rheology KW - Equipment Design KW - Military Personnel KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Water Movements KW - North Carolina KW - Corrosion KW - Equipment Failure KW - Time Factors KW - Solvents -- chemistry KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- analysis KW - Fresh Water KW - Solvents -- analysis KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- chemistry KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70857886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.atitle=Long-term+performance+monitoring+for+a+permeable+reactive+barrier+at+the+U.S.+Coast+Guard+Support+Center%2C+Elizabeth+City%2C+North+Carolina.&rft.au=Puls%2C+R+W%3BBlowes%2C+D+W%3BGillham%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Puls&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-12&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of modelling techniques for small mammal diversity AN - 17382300; 4595647 AB - Development pressures frequently dictate that managers' need to make decisions about which local sites will be developed and which will be protected. When management for diversity is the goal, it would be helpful if models could aid these decisions. We compared three methods for modelling site-specific small mammal diversity at 48 0.58-ha study sites distributed within six habitats in foothills of the Sacramento Mountains, south-central New Mexico, spring and fall, 1993-1994. Methods included; 1) direct richness prediction with discriminant analysis (classification success rate of 15.1%, mean error = 1.6 species), 2) prediction of richness based upon expected species-specific habitat suitability with discriminant analysis (classification success rate 20.3%, mean error = 1.6 species), and 3) prediction of relative richness (high vs. low) (classification success rate = 91.1%). The mean error of methods 1 and 2 (1.6 species) exceeds the difference known to distinguish high richness habitats from low (1.3 species) in this ecosystem. Therefore, we conclude that the appropriate conceptual technique for modelling diversity is to proceed by distinguishing high and low diversity habitats. We found this technique preferable when compared to pursuit of error-prone models for actual richness that have mean errors larger than those known to characterize the system. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Jorgensen, EE AU - Demarais, S AD - USEPA, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74829, USA, jorgensen.eric@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 03 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Mammals KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecosystem analysis KW - Planning KW - Species diversity KW - Mammalia KW - Species richness KW - Models KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17382300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+modelling+techniques+for+small+mammal+diversity&rft.au=Jorgensen%2C+EE%3BDemarais%2C+S&rft.aulast=Jorgensen&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1999-08-03&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3800%2899%2900054-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammalia; Species diversity; Species richness; Ecosystem analysis; Planning; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00054-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Areal studies aid protection of ground-water quality in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin AN - 742891436; 2000-080175 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Mills, Patrick C AU - Kay, Robert T AU - Brown, Timothy A AU - Yeskis, Douglas J Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 12 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - preferential flow KW - ground water KW - fractures KW - transport KW - Galena-Platteville Aquifer KW - Indiana KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Wisconsin KW - USGS KW - geochemistry KW - Superfund sites KW - protection KW - Illinois KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - organic compounds KW - industrial waste KW - trichloroethylene KW - trace metals KW - waste disposal KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742891436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Mills%2C+Patrick+C%3BKay%2C+Robert+T%3BBrown%2C+Timothy+A%3BYeskis%2C+Douglas+J&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Areal+studies+aid+protection+of+ground-water+quality+in+Illinois%2C+Indiana%2C+and+Wisconsin&rft.title=Areal+studies+aid+protection+of+ground-water+quality+in+Illinois%2C+Indiana%2C+and+Wisconsin&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://il.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wrir98_4143.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; fractures; Galena-Platteville Aquifer; geochemistry; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; hazardous waste; hydrochemistry; Illinois; Indiana; industrial waste; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; preferential flow; protection; Superfund sites; tetrachloroethylene; trace metals; transport; trichloroethylene; United States; USGS; waste disposal; Wisconsin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrobenzene potential human cancer risk based on animal studies. AN - 70036283; 10487356 AB - Inhaled nitrobenzene (NB) in animals produces cancer at eight sites in three rodent strains. B6C3F1 mice respond with mammary gland malignant tumors and male lung and thyroid benign tumors, and F344/N male rats respond with liver malignant tumors and thyroid and kidney benign tumors, while females respond with endometrial polyps. Male Sprague-Dawley male rats (CD strain) respond with liver benign tumors. NB is oxidized to various phenolic metabolites, while also being reduced to nitrosobenzene (NOB), phenylhydroxylamine (PH), related free radicals, and aniline (AN) in the cecum by bacteria and in the body by the microsomes. In reduction, NB first forms the nitroanion free radical, which can react with O2 to form O2*-. Repeated NB dosing produces a persistent redox couple NOBPH in red blood cells that generates met-Hb and expends NAD(P)H. NOB forms activated glutathione conjugates. These biochemical effects may lead to critical redox imbalances and macromolecular binding. Known effects are hemosiderosis, methemoglobinemia, and anemia--and now dispersed cancer in rodents. Based on structural and mechanistic similarities, NB compares with other animal and human carcinogenic nitroarenes and aromatic amines. The cancer hazard evaluation of NB is that it is a probable human carcinogen by any route of exposure. The maximum response is in F344/N male rats which is used for dose-response modelling. The model to estimate the upper 95% confidence limit (UCL95%) of NB human carcinogenicity is a no-threshold, linear low-dose, and multistaged animal model (LMS). The UCL95% of cancer slope is estimated to be 0.11(6) mg/kg/day (mkd). At de minimus risk (1:10(6)), the virtually safe dose (VSD) is estimated to be 9.1 ng/kg/day (nkd). JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Holder, J W AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. holder.james@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 458 EP - 463 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Nitrobenzenes KW - 0 KW - nitrobenzene KW - E57JCN6SSY KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Mice KW - Models, Biological KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Nitrobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Nitrobenzenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70036283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Nitrobenzene+potential+human+cancer+risk+based+on+animal+studies.&rft.au=Holder%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Holder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce. AN - 69955182; 10448779 AB - An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in Connecticut and Illinois during May 28 to June 27, 1996, was investigated to determine the source of infections. Independent case-control studies were performed in both states. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on E. coli O157:H7 isolates. A case-patient was defined as a Connecticut or northern Illinois resident with diarrhea whose stool culture yielded E. coli O157:H7 of the outbreak-associated PFGE subtype. Controls were town-, age-, and sex-matched to case-patients. We traced implicated lettuce to the farm level and performed environmental investigations to identify unsafe lettuce production practices. In Connecticut and Illinois, infection was associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce (Connecticut matched odds ratio [MOR], undefined; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to infinity; and Illinois MOR, undefined; 95% CI, 1.4 to infinity). We traced implicated lettuce to a single grower-processor. Cattle, a known E. coli O157:H7 reservoir, were found near the lettuce fields. Escherichia coli (an indicator of fecal contamination) was cultured from wash water and finished lettuce. A trace-forward investigation identified 3 additional states that received implicated lettuce; E. coli O157:H7 isolates from patients in 1 of these states matched the outbreak-associated PFGE subtype. This multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections was associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce from a single producer. Molecular subtyping facilitated the epidemiological investigation. This investigation increased the knowledge about current production practices that may contribute to the contamination of lettuce by microbial pathogens. Lettuce production practices should be monitored for microbiological safety. JF - Archives of internal medicine AU - Hilborn, E D AU - Mermin, J H AU - Mshar, P A AU - Hadler, J L AU - Voetsch, A AU - Wojtkunski, C AU - Swartz, M AU - Mshar, R AU - Lambert-Fair, M A AU - Farrar, J A AU - Glynn, M K AU - Slutsker, L AD - Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. hilborn.e@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 1758 EP - 1764 VL - 159 IS - 15 SN - 0003-9926, 0003-9926 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Illinois -- epidemiology KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lettuce -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69955182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=A+multistate+outbreak+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+infections+associated+with+consumption+of+mesclun+lettuce.&rft.au=Hilborn%2C+E+D%3BMermin%2C+J+H%3BMshar%2C+P+A%3BHadler%2C+J+L%3BVoetsch%2C+A%3BWojtkunski%2C+C%3BSwartz%2C+M%3BMshar%2C+R%3BLambert-Fair%2C+M+A%3BFarrar%2C+J+A%3BGlynn%2C+M+K%3BSlutsker%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hilborn&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1758&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00039926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of nitrogen dioxide on respiratory viral infection in airway epithelial cells. AN - 69952430; 10433848 AB - Nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) is a common air pollutant outdoors and indoors in homes with unvented combustion sources. It is also a constituent of tobacco smoke. Epidemiological studies suggest that children exposed to NO(2), or living with smoking parents, have an increased incidence of respiratory viral infections. The most common virus causing severe respiratory symptoms in infants and young children is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In the present study we investigated whether NO(2) exposure affects RSV infection in airway epithelial cells, the host cells for viral replication and virus-induced cytokine production. Cultures of the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B exposed to 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm NO(2) for 60 min were infected with RSV. Viral replication, as well as RSV-induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, was assessed at various times postinfection. The NO(2) doses used were not toxic to the BEAS-2B cells as measured by release of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). The internalization of RSV was increased by exposure to 0.5 ppm NO(2) and decreased by exposure to 1.5 ppm NO(2). On the other hand, the release of infectious virus 48 h postexposure was not affected by the two lower doses of NO(2), but was significantly reduced in cells exposed to 1.5 ppm NO(2). Virus-induced cytokine production was also significantly reduced in cells exposed to 1.5 ppm NO(2), and not affected by 0.5 and 1.0 ppm. It is likely that the decrease in cytokine production is related to the decrease in viral burden. These data suggest that possible increases in viral clinical symptoms associated with NO(2) may not be caused by increased susceptibility of the epithelial cells to infection but may result from effects of NO(2) on host defenses that prevent the spread of virus. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Environmental research AU - Becker, S AU - Soukup, J M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. becker.susannne@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 159 EP - 166 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - S7G510RUBH KW - Index Medicus KW - Epithelial Cells -- virology KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Virus Replication -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Epithelial Cells -- immunology KW - Cell Line KW - Respiratory Syncytial Viruses -- drug effects KW - Nitrogen Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Bronchi -- virology KW - Bronchi -- drug effects KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Bronchi -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69952430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+nitrogen+dioxide+on+respiratory+viral+infection+in+airway+epithelial+cells.&rft.au=Becker%2C+S%3BSoukup%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical modeling of water flow below dry salt lakes; effect of capillarity and viscosity AN - 52436378; 1999-062973 AB - We investigate numerically the effects of capillarity and viscosity on density-dependent flows below dry salt lakes. The numerical model, MARUN (Boufadel, M. C., Suidan, M. T., Venosa, A. D., 1999a. A numerical model for density-and-viscosity-dependent flows in two-dimensional variably-saturated media. J. Contam. Hydrol., 37, 1-20) is used to assess the combined and separate effects of capillarity and concentration-engendered viscosity on the groundwater dynamics of a two-dimensional system simulating a dry lake. We found that accounting for concentration-engendered viscosity effects under saturated water flow conditions gives totally different groundwater dynamics from the case where these effects are neglected. However, concentration-dependent viscosity effects were minor when unsaturated water flow conditions were present. Under variably-saturated flow conditions, capillarity effects gave totally different hydraulics in the porous domain from the saturated flow case; upwelling regions observed under saturated flow conditions were downwelling when capillarity effects were present. A mesh orientation study revealed that density-dependent flows were susceptible to the orientation of the diagonals of the triangular elements. A discussion on the accuracy and the efficiency of the MARUN model in the context of density- and viscosity-dependent flows in two-dimensional variably-saturated media is also provided. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Boufadel, M C AU - Suidan, M T AU - Venosa, A D Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 55 EP - 74 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 221 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - terrestrial environment KW - dry lakes KW - salt lakes KW - numerical models KW - density KW - MARUN KW - arid environment KW - statistical analysis KW - semi-arid environment KW - data processing KW - porous materials KW - capillarity KW - salinity KW - evaporites KW - two-dimensional models KW - ground water KW - finite element analysis KW - sedimentary rocks KW - digital simulation KW - theoretical models KW - hydrodynamics KW - salt KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52436378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Numerical+modeling+of+water+flow+below+dry+salt+lakes%3B+effect+of+capillarity+and+viscosity&rft.au=Boufadel%2C+M+C%3BSuidan%2C+M+T%3BVenosa%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Boufadel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; capillarity; chemically precipitated rocks; data processing; density; digital simulation; dry lakes; evaporites; finite element analysis; ground water; hydrodynamics; MARUN; numerical models; porous materials; salinity; salt; salt lakes; sedimentary rocks; semi-arid environment; statistical analysis; terrestrial environment; theoretical models; two-dimensional models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil calcium status and the response of stream chemistry to changing acidic deposition rates AN - 52434016; 1999-066365 AB - Despite a decreasing trend in acidic deposition rates over the past two to three decades, acidified surface waters in the northeastern United States have shown minimal changes. Depletion of soil Ca pools has been suggested as a cause, although changes in soil Ca pools have not been directly related to long-term records of stream chemistry. To investigate this problem, a comprehensive watershed study was conducted in the Neversink River Basin, in the Catskill Mountains of New York, during 1991-1996. Spatial variations of atmospheric deposition, soil chemistry, and stream chemistry were evaluated over an elevation range of 817-1234 m to determine whether these factors exhibited elevational patterns. An increase in atmospheric deposition of SO (sub 4) with increasing elevation corresponded with upslope decreases of exchangeable soil base concentrations and acid-neutralizing capacity of stream water. Exchangeable base concentrations in homogeneous soil incubated within the soil profile for one year also decreased with increasing elevation. An elevational gradient in precipitation was not observed, and effects of a temperature gradient on soil properties were not detected. Laboratory leaching experiments with soils from this watershed showed that (1) concentrations of Ca in leachate increased as the concentrations of acid anions in added solution increased, and (2) the slope of this relationship was positively correlated with base saturation. Field and laboratory soil analyses are consistent with the interpretation that decreasing trends in acid-neutralizing capacity in stream water in the Neversink Basin, dating back to 1984, are the result of decreases in soil base saturation caused by acidic deposition. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Lawrence, Gregory B AU - David, Mark B AU - Lovett, Gary M AU - Murdoch, Peter S AU - Burns, Douglas A AU - Stoddard, John L AU - Baldigo, Barry P AU - Porter, James H AU - Thompson, Andrew W Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 1059 EP - 1072 PB - Ecological Society of America, Tempe, AZ VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - United States KW - calcium KW - rivers and streams KW - watersheds KW - Neversink River basin KW - Appalachians KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - Catskill Mountains KW - stream gradient KW - geochemistry KW - rain KW - pH KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - alkaline earth metals KW - sulfate ion KW - elevation KW - Winnisook Watershed KW - rates KW - hydrochemistry KW - acid rain KW - New York KW - metals KW - leaching KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52434016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Soil+calcium+status+and+the+response+of+stream+chemistry+to+changing+acidic+deposition+rates&rft.au=Lawrence%2C+Gregory+B%3BDavid%2C+Mark+B%3BLovett%2C+Gary+M%3BMurdoch%2C+Peter+S%3BBurns%2C+Douglas+A%3BStoddard%2C+John+L%3BBaldigo%2C+Barry+P%3BPorter%2C+James+H%3BThompson%2C+Andrew+W&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1059&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - PubXState - AZ N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid rain; alkaline earth metals; Appalachians; atmospheric precipitation; calcium; Catskill Mountains; elevation; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; hydrology; leaching; metals; Neversink River basin; New York; North America; pH; rain; rates; rivers and streams; soils; stream gradient; sulfate ion; United States; watersheds; Winnisook Watershed ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of organic contaminant toxicity from sediments; early work toward development of a toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) method AN - 52373806; 2000-026550 JF - Chemosphere (Oxford) AU - Lebo, J A AU - Huckins, J N AU - Petty, J D AU - Ho, K T Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 389 EP - 406 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - soils KW - biodegradation KW - toxic materials KW - sorption KW - experimental studies KW - desorption KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - remediation KW - physical properties KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - toxicity KW - chemical reactions KW - decontamination KW - identification KW - sediments KW - chemical composition KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere+%28Oxford%29&rft.atitle=Removal+of+organic+contaminant+toxicity+from+sediments%3B+early+work+toward+development+of+a+toxicity+identification+evaluation+%28TIE%29+method&rft.au=Lebo%2C+J+A%3BHuckins%2C+J+N%3BPetty%2C+J+D%3BHo%2C+K+T&rft.aulast=Lebo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere+%28Oxford%29&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00456535 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CMSHAF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioavailability; biodegradation; chemical composition; chemical reactions; decontamination; desorption; detection; experimental studies; identification; monitoring; organic compounds; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sediments; soils; sorption; toxic materials; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Storage duration and temperature and the acute toxicities of estuarine sediments to Mysidopsis bahia and Leptocheirus plumulosus AN - 52280216; 2001-004459 JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Norton, B L AU - Lewis, M A AU - Mayer, F L Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 157 EP - 166 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York, NY VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - United States KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - benthic taxa KW - pollutants KW - data acquisition KW - data processing KW - pollution KW - Pensacola Florida KW - bioassays KW - Escambia County Florida KW - Pensacola Bay KW - Florida KW - environmental analysis KW - bioaccumulation KW - nutrients KW - dredging KW - sample preparation KW - toxicity KW - sediments KW - estuarine environment KW - sediment quality KW - storage KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52280216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Storage+duration+and+temperature+and+the+acute+toxicities+of+estuarine+sediments+to+Mysidopsis+bahia+and+Leptocheirus+plumulosus&rft.au=Norton%2C+B+L%3BLewis%2C+M+A%3BMayer%2C+F+L&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101156 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - benthic taxa; bioaccumulation; bioassays; concentration; data acquisition; data processing; dredging; environmental analysis; Escambia County Florida; estuarine environment; Florida; nutrients; Pensacola Bay; Pensacola Florida; pollutants; pollution; sample preparation; sediment quality; sediments; storage; toxic materials; toxicity; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The value of historical imagery AN - 51174164; 2002-023214 JF - Earth Observation Magazine AU - Slonecker, Terrence AU - Lacerte, Mary J AU - Garofalo, Donald Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 39 EP - 41 PB - EOM, Inc., Littleton, CO VL - 8 IS - 6 SN - 1076-3430, 1076-3430 KW - thematic mapper KW - imagery KW - archaeology KW - technology KW - monitoring KW - three-dimensional models KW - Superfund KW - Oman KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - mapping KW - satellite methods KW - Arabian Peninsula KW - Landsat KW - Ubar Oman KW - aerial photography KW - applications KW - waste disposal KW - Asia KW - SPOT KW - remote sensing KW - airborne methods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51174164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Observation+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+value+of+historical+imagery&rft.au=Slonecker%2C+Terrence%3BLacerte%2C+Mary+J%3BGarofalo%2C+Donald&rft.aulast=Slonecker&rft.aufirst=Terrence&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Observation+Magazine&rft.issn=10763430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerial photography; airborne methods; applications; Arabian Peninsula; archaeology; Asia; government agencies; imagery; Landsat; mapping; monitoring; Oman; remote sensing; satellite methods; SPOT; Superfund; technology; thematic mapper; three-dimensional models; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; Ubar Oman; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Summary of Airborne Concentrations of Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutants in the Northeastern United States AN - 20626438; 4605951 AB - Airborne concentrations of SO sub(2), SO sub(4) super(2-), HNO sub(3), NO sub(3) super(-), NH sub(4) super(+), and O sub(3) were monitored over the six-year period from September 1, 1989, through August 31, 1995, at 10 largely rural Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) sites in the northeastern United States. Each of the sulfur- and nitrogen-containing air pollutants monitored by CASTNet displays regular, seasonal cyclical behavior and also exhibits a relatively strong high-to-low spatial concentration gradient from southwest to northeast. On average, more than 70% of the measured airborne sulfur is present as SO sub(2), except during the summer, when the figure drops to about 50%. During the summer, the SO sub(2) concentration is the lowest, SO sub(4) super(2-) is the highest, and the fraction of airborne sulfur present as SO sub(4) super(2-) varies considerably with location, ranging from an average of 42% at five sites in Pennsylvania to 70% at two sites in New England. Studywide, more than 70% of the measured, oxidized, airborne nitrogen (N) is present as HNO sub(3), except during the winter, when the figure drops to about 60%. The concentrations of gaseous SO sub(2) and HNO sub(3) are usually comparable but not always larger than the corresponding concentrations of measured sulfur and nitrogen aerosols. Nevertheless, the relatively faster deposition velocities for gases are sufficient to ensure that SO sub(2) and HNO sub(3) are usually the dominant contributors to dry sulfur and nitrogen deposition. Observed changes of 1990-1995 annual average airborne sulfur and N concentrations at 10 CASTNet sites in the Northeast are generally consistent with changes in emissions estimated to have occurred in the Northeast over the same period. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Sickles, JE II AD - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 882 EP - 893 VL - 49 IS - 8 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - USA, Northeast KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Air pollution KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Sulfur compounds KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - Seasonal variations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20626438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=A+Summary+of+Airborne+Concentrations+of+Sulfur-+and+Nitrogen-Containing+Pollutants+in+the+Northeastern+United+States&rft.au=Sickles%2C+JE+II&rft.aulast=Sickles&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=882&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Pollution monitoring; Pollutant deposition; Nitrogen compounds; Sulfur compounds; Seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ion exchange softening: effects on metal concentrations AN - 17608916; 4741858 AB - It's common knowledge that naturally soft water is generally corrosive to plumbing materials, so the assumption has been that home water softeners contribute to corrosivity in water. As this article points out, however, what may be true for naturally soft water may not be true for water that is softened by ion exchange (IE). Naturally soft groundwater is low in calcium, magnesium, and total dissolved solids (TDS) and usually has a low pH. Water softeners exchange sodium for calcium and magnesium and do not change the TDS concentration, pH, and other general water quality parameters that are characteristic of naturally soft water. The authors compared concentrations of metals leaching from materials exposed to IE-softened water and nonsoftened water and found no pattern of increased leaching with the softened water. They concluded that use of household water softeners will not necessarily increase leaching of lead and copper from home plumbing materials. Because only two water sources were used in the study and many chemical and physical characteristics affect corrosiveness, results cannot be extrapolated to all water sources. But the findings underline the need to look behind the "common knowledge" for a better understanding of corrosion control factors in the application of IE technology. JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association AU - Sorg, T J AU - Schock, M R AU - Lytle, DA AD - Water Supply and Water Resources Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, USEPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 85 EP - 97 VL - 91 IS - 8 SN - 0003-150X, 0003-150X KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Softening of water KW - Pipes KW - Leaching KW - Calcium KW - Plumbing KW - Pipes (see also Conduits, Drains, Pipelines, Sewers) KW - Water treatment KW - Water Softening KW - Ion Exchange KW - Groundwater (see also Aquifers) KW - Corrosion KW - Water Treatment KW - Magnesium KW - Groundwater KW - Ion exchange KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17608916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=Ion+exchange+softening%3A+effects+on+metal+concentrations&rft.au=Sorg%2C+T+J%3BSchock%2C+M+R%3BLytle%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Sorg&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=0003150X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ion Exchange; Water Softening; Plumbing; Water Treatment; Groundwater; Calcium; Magnesium; Leaching; Pipes; Corrosion; Ion exchange; Softening of water; Water treatment; Groundwater (see also Aquifers); Pipes (see also Conduits, Drains, Pipelines, Sewers) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Sewage on Two Bioindicators at Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia AN - 17507836; 4698411 AB - The effect of secondary treated sewage discharged from a recently commissioned extended ocean outfall at Boulder Bay, New South Wales, Australia on two bioindicators (oysters and kelp) was examined. Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea commercialis Iredale and Roughley, were deployed at the study outfall location and control locations for three months after which time they were retrieved and analysed for trace metal and organochlorine concentrations. This process was repeated every six months on a total of eight sampling times, three times before and five times after the commissioning of the extended ocean outfall. The abundance and recruitment of adult and juvenile kelp plants, Ecklonia radiata were also investigated. At the outfall and control locations counts were made for a total of three periods, one before and two after the commissioning of the outfall. Within each period kelp abundance was determined on three random occasions. Univariate statistics were used to test the hypothesis of an outfall effect over and above variation between the control locations. Only three organochlorines (technical chlordane and the DDT metabolites DDE and DDD) were detected in oysters across the entire sampling period. Due to the low frequency or low mean concentrations of organochlorines an impact versus control comparison was not feasible for this study. Mean concentrations of trace metals in oysters were highly variable across all sampling periods. No obvious changes in the contaminant concentrations were noticed over time. Statistical comparisons of the data collected before and after commissioning of the extended ocean outfall revealed no short-term differences in trace metal concentrations between outfall and control locations. Analysis of variance results for both adult and juvenile kelp abundance revealed no outfall effect over and above the variation found at control locations. Student Newman-Keuls tests, however, revealed a significantly higher abundance of both adult and juvenile kelp plants immediately after the commissioning of the outfall. The value of these bioindicators for detecting impacts at small secondary treated outfalls is discussed. JF - Ecotoxicology AU - Ajani, P A AU - Roberts, DE AU - Smith, A K AU - Krogh, M AD - Water Studies Section, NSW Environment Protection Authority, Locked Bag 1502, Bankstown, NSW, 2200, Australia, ajanip@epa.nsw.gov.au Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 253 EP - 267 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0963-9292, 0963-9292 KW - Australia, New South Wales, Port Stephens KW - Ecklonia radiata KW - Saccostrea commercialis KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Ocean dumping KW - Marine Environment KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Heavy metals KW - Pollution effects KW - Kelps KW - Wastewater Pollution KW - Sewage disposal KW - PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Port Stephens KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Sampling KW - Outfall KW - Seaweeds KW - Bioindicators KW - Marine KW - Chlorine compounds KW - Chlordane KW - Recruitment KW - DDE KW - Aquatic plants KW - Pesticides (organochlorine) KW - Waste treatment KW - Bivalvia KW - Outfalls KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Sewage KW - Marine pollution KW - Oysters KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - DDT KW - Pesticides KW - PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Boulder Bay KW - Marine molluscs KW - Algal settlements KW - Trace metals KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17507836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Sewage+on+Two+Bioindicators+at+Port+Stephens%2C+New+South+Wales%2C+Australia&rft.au=Ajani%2C+P+A%3BRoberts%2C+DE%3BSmith%2C+A+K%3BKrogh%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ajani&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=09639292&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008973014872 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heavy metals; Chlorine compounds; DDE; Recruitment; Pollution effects; Kelps; Outfalls; Sewage disposal; Bioaccumulation; Pesticides; DDT; Marine molluscs; Seaweeds; Algal settlements; Marine pollution; Sewage; Chlordane; Pesticides (organochlorine); Waste treatment; Sampling; Trace metals; Ocean dumping; Bivalvia; Bioindicators; Organochlorine compounds; Aquatic plants; Marine Environment; Oysters; Water Pollution Effects; Statistical Analysis; Outfall; Wastewater Pollution; PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Port Stephens; PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Boulder Bay; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008973014872 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noise impact from motor sport activities AN - 17451964; 4661884 AB - A summary of the noise data obtained from a survey of a go-kart and motocross track situated south of Perth, Western Australia (W.A.) conducted for the Town Planning Department of W.A. is presented in this paper. Also described are the results of noise monitoring of motor sport in Queensland as a result of complaints registered with the Department of Environment and Heritage or local governments. Track-side noise measurements, existing and proposed acceptable receptor noise levels remote from tracks, are presented. Two environmental noise modelling techniques are applied to the racing track facilities and predicted results compared with actual recorded levels. JF - Noise Control Engineering Journal AU - Roberts, C AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Monitoring and Modelling Unit, Environmental and Technical Services, GPO Box 155, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 154 EP - 157 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0736-2501, 0736-2501 KW - Australia, Western Australia KW - motor sport KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution surveys KW - Recreation areas KW - Noise pollution KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 7000:NOISE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17451964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noise+Control+Engineering+Journal&rft.atitle=Noise+impact+from+motor+sport+activities&rft.au=Roberts%2C+C&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Noise+Control+Engineering+Journal&rft.issn=07362501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noise pollution; Pollution surveys; Recreation areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban Wet-Weather Flow AN - 17449913; 4660220 JF - Water Environment Research AU - O'Connor, T P AU - Field, R AU - Fischer, D AU - Rovansek, R AU - Pitt, R AU - Clark, S AU - Lama, M AD - U.S. EPA's Wet-Weather Flow Research Program, Urban Watershed Management Branch (UWMB), Water Supply & Water Resources Division (WSWRD), National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 559 EP - 583 VL - 71 IS - 5 SN - 1061-4303, 1061-4303 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollutants KW - Reviews KW - Water Quality KW - Precipitation KW - Highways KW - Runoff KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17449913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+Research&rft.atitle=Urban+Wet-Weather+Flow&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+T+P%3BField%2C+R%3BFischer%2C+D%3BRovansek%2C+R%3BPitt%2C+R%3BClark%2C+S%3BLama%2C+M&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+Research&rft.issn=10614303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Runoff; Highways; Precipitation; Water Quality; Pollutants; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrobenzene carcinogenicity in animals and human hazard evaluation AN - 17390182; 4606426 AB - Nitrobenzene (NB) human cancer studies have not been reported, but animals studies have. Three rodent strains inhaling NB produce cancer at eight sites. B6C3F1 mice respond with mammary gland malignant tumors and male lung and thyroid benign tumors, F344/N male rats respond with liver malignant tumors and thyroid and kidney benign tumors, while females respond with endometrial polyps. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (CD strain) respond with liver benign tumors. NB is oxidized to various phenolic metabolites, while also being reduced in 7he cecum and systemically in the microsomes to nitrosobenzene (NOB), phenylhydroxylamine (PH), related free radicals, and aniline (AN). Based on structural and mechanistic similarities, NB compares with other animal and human carcinogenic nitroarenes and aromatic amines. Reduced NB first forms the nitroanion free radical, which can react with O sub(2) to form superoxide O sub(2). Repeated NB dosing produces a persistent redox couple in red blood cells (RBCs) that generates met-Hb and expends NAD(P)H. NOB forms activated glutathione (GSH) conjugates. These biochemical effects may lead to critical redox imbalances and macromolecular binding. Known NB effects are hemosiderosis, methemoglobinemia, and anemia - and now dispersed cancer in rodents. On the basis of animal, metabolic and structure-activity studies, NB is determined to be a probable human carcinogen by any route of exposure. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Holder, J W AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., 8623-D, Washington, DC 20460, USA, holder.james@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 445 EP - 457 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - mice KW - rats KW - man KW - nitrobenzene KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Glutathione KW - Superoxide KW - Free radicals KW - Carcinogenesis KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17390182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Nitrobenzene+carcinogenicity+in+animals+and+human+hazard+evaluation&rft.au=Holder%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Holder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenesis; Free radicals; Glutathione; Superoxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of DNA arrays to toxicology AN - 17387295; 4605146 AB - DNA array technology makes it possible to rapidly genotype individuals or quantify the expression of thousands of genes on a single filter or glass slide, and holds enormous potential in toxicologic applications. This potential led to a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-sponsored workshop titled "Application of Microarrays to Toxicology" on 7-8 January 1999 in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. In addition to providing state-of-the-art information on the application of DNA or gene microarrays, the workshop catalyzed the formation of several collaborations, committees, and user's groups throughout the Research Triangle Park area and beyond. Potential application of microarrays to toxicologic research and risk assessment include genome-wide expression analyses to identify gene-expression networks and toxicant-specific signatures that can be used to define mode of action, for exposure assessment, and for environmental monitoring. Arrays may also prove useful for monitoring genetic variability and its relationship to toxicant susceptibility in human populations. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rockett, J C AU - Dix, D J AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division (MD-72), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA, rockett.john@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 681 EP - 685 VL - 107 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - DNA arrays KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Genetic variance KW - Conferences KW - Genotype-environment interactions KW - DNA KW - X 24270:Proceedings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Application+of+DNA+arrays+to+toxicology&rft.au=Rockett%2C+J+C%3BDix%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Rockett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conferences; DNA; Risk assessment; Genetic variance; Genotype-environment interactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Excretion of arsenic in urine as a function of exposure to arsenic in drinking water AN - 17387253; 4605143 AB - Urinary arsenic (As) concentrations were evaluated as a biomarker of exposure in a U.S. population chronically exposed to inorganic As (InAs) in their drinking water. Ninety-six individuals who consumed drinking water with As concentrations of 8-620 mu g/L provided first morning urine voids for up to 5 consecutive days. The study population was 56% male, and 44% was younger than 18 years of age. On one day of the study period, all voided urines were collected over a 24-hr period. Arsenic intake from drinking water was estimated from daily food diaries. Comparison between the concentration of As in individual urine voids with that in the 24-hr urine collection indicated that the concentration of As in urine was stable throughout the day. Comparison of the concentration of As in each first morning urine void over the 5-day study period indicated that there was little day-to-day variation in the concentration of As in urine. The concentration of As in drinking water was a better predictor of the concentration of As in urine than was the estimated intake of As from drinking water. The concentration of As in urine did not vary by gender. An age-dependent difference in the concentration of As in urine may be attributed to the higher As dosage rate per unit body weight in children than in adults. These findings suggest that the analysis of a small number of urine samples may be adequate to estimate an individual's exposure to InAs from drinking water and that the determination of the concentration of InAs in a drinking water supply may be a useful surrogate for estimating exposure to this metalloid. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Calderon, R L AU - Hudgens, E AU - Le, X C AU - Schreinemachers, D AU - Thomas, D J AD - Human Studies Division, NHEERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA, Calderon.Rebecca@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 663 EP - 667 VL - 107 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - excretion KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Water quality KW - Bioindicators KW - Arsenic KW - Urine KW - Excretion KW - Drinking water KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Excretion+of+arsenic+in+urine+as+a+function+of+exposure+to+arsenic+in+drinking+water&rft.au=Calderon%2C+R+L%3BHudgens%2C+E%3BLe%2C+X+C%3BSchreinemachers%2C+D%3BThomas%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Calderon&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; Drinking water; Urine; Excretion; Water quality; Arsenic ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Saturation units for use in aquatic bioassays AN - 17381598; 4601459 AB - Methods were developed for preparing liquid/liquid and glass wool column saturators for generating chemical stock solutions for conducting aquatic bioassays. Exposures have been conducted using several species of fish, invertebrate, and mollusks in static and flow-through conditions using these methods. Stock solutions for 82 organic chemicals were prepared using these saturation units. The primary purpose of stock generation was to provide a continuous and consistent amount of toxicant laden solution at a measured analytical level which would be available to test organisms for the test duration. In the present study, the glass wool column and liquid/liquid saturators were used to provide consistent stock concentrations, at times approaching saturation, for fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) acute exposures. Attempts were made to achieve the maximum solubility of these compounds for comparison purposes to water solubility values available in the literature. Literature solubility values from a database by Yalkowsky et al. [1] provided information on temperatures and data quality which allowed comparison to values obtained from the present study. Twenty four compounds were identified and analyzed for the comparison of maximum obtainable solubility levels. Maximum saturator stock water concentrations were generally lower (R=0.98) but were in close agreement with published water solubility values. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kahl, MD AU - Russom, CL AU - DeFoe, D L AU - Hammermeister, DE AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division-Duluth, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 539 EP - 551 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Fathead minnow KW - Pimephales promelas KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Chemicals KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Solubility KW - Pollution effects KW - Fathead Minnows KW - Saturation KW - Toxicity tests KW - Bioassay KW - Bioassays KW - Acute Toxicity KW - Comparison Studies KW - Analytical techniques KW - Population Exposure KW - Chemical pollutants KW - Toxicity testing KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17381598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Saturation+units+for+use+in+aquatic+bioassays&rft.au=Kahl%2C+MD%3BRussom%2C+CL%3BDeFoe%2C+D+L%3BHammermeister%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Kahl&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solubility; Bioassays; Analytical techniques; Pollution effects; Chemical pollutants; Toxicity tests; Chemicals; Aquatic organisms; Toxicity testing; Testing Procedures; Comparison Studies; Acute Toxicity; Fathead Minnows; Population Exposure; Saturation; Bioassay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An environmental simulation model for transport and fate of mercury in small rural catchments AN - 17380959; 4601454 AB - The development of an extensively modified version of the environmental model GLEAMS to simulate fate and transport of mercury in small catchments is presented. Methods for parameter estimation are proposed and in some cases simple relationships for mercury processes are derived. An application is presented for the agricultural organic soils in the South Florida Everglades (USA). Model results compare well with the limited available field observations. Mass balance and sensitivity analyses indicate that atmospheric deposition and reduction leading to evasion are the most important parameters controlling concentrations of total mercury in the upper soil. For methyl mercury, the methylation and demethylation rates are also important. Because of the special characteristics of the soils examined here, results should be interpreted in a relative sense. Limitations and potential uses of the current status of model are discussed. JF - Chemosphere AU - Tsiros, I X AU - Ambrose, R B AD - National Research Council and National Exposure Research Laboratory, respectively. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 960, College Station Rd., Athens, Ga 30605, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 477 EP - 492 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - GLEAMS KW - USA, Florida, Everglades KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Catchment area KW - Methylmercury KW - Sediment pollution KW - Methyl mercury KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Catchment Areas KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Simulation KW - Rural Areas KW - Model Studies KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Soil Environment KW - Soils KW - Catchments KW - Deposition KW - Mercury KW - Methylation KW - Rural areas KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17380959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=An+environmental+simulation+model+for+transport+and+fate+of+mercury+in+small+rural+catchments&rft.au=Tsiros%2C+I+X%3BAmbrose%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Tsiros&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Methyl mercury; Sediment pollution; Pollution dispersion; Soils; Mercury; Methylmercury; Catchments; Simulation; Rural areas; Sensitivity Analysis; Fate of Pollutants; Soil Environment; Catchment Areas; Deposition; Methylation; Rural Areas; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment-mediated reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and fate of the resulting aromatic (poly)amines AN - 17379931; 4608350 AB - 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene is a major surface and subsurface contaminant found at numerous munitions production and storage facilities. The reductive transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) to aromatic (poly)amines and the consequent fate of these products were studied in anaerobic and aerobic sediment--water systems. Reduction of TNT was rapid under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Nitro-reduction was regioselective, leading to the preferential formation of 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT). Subsequent sorption of 2,4-DANT was rapid under aerobic conditions and resulted in nearly complete, irreversible retention by the sediment phase. Under anaerobic conditions, the rapidly formed 2,4-DANT displayed little affinity for the sediment phase. Instead, 2,4-DANT was further transformed to products that remained in the aqueous phase. Sorption studies in nontransforming sediments indicated increased irreversible sorption with replacement of nitro groups with amino groups. Covalent binding of the DANTs was partially inhibited under anoxic conditions, but sorption of TNT and the ADNTs was unaffected by changes in redox conditions. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Elovitz AU - Weber, E J AD - U.S.E.P.A. NERL, 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia, 30605, USA, weber.eric@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 01 SP - 2617 EP - 2625 VL - 33 IS - 15 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene KW - TNT KW - aromatic (poly)amines KW - polyamines KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Degradation KW - Retention KW - Reduction KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Industrial wastes KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Anoxic Conditions KW - Sediment pollution KW - Oxic conditions KW - Sorption KW - Aerobic Conditions KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Oxidation-reduction Potential KW - Sediments KW - Aromatic Compounds KW - Anoxic sediments KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Explosives KW - Contaminants KW - Aromatics KW - Redox potential KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17379931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Sediment-mediated+reduction+of+2%2C4%2C6-trinitrotoluene+and+fate+of+the+resulting+aromatic+%28poly%29amines&rft.au=Elovitz%3BWeber%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Elovitz&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anoxic sediments; Reduction; Sorption; Oxic conditions; Sediment pollution; Industrial wastes; Degradation; Pollutant persistence; Aromatics; Redox potential; Aromatic compounds; Groundwater pollution; Explosives; Contaminants; Aromatic Compounds; Aerobic Conditions; Fate of Pollutants; Retention; Oxidation-reduction Potential; Anoxic Conditions; Sediments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fuel cell operation on landfill gas at Penrose Power Station AN - 17378494; 4605649 AB - This demonstration test successfully demonstrated the operation of a commercial phosphoric acid fuel cell (FC) on landfill gas (LG) at the Penrose Power Station in Sun Valley, CA. Demonstration output included operation up to 137 kW; 37.1% efficiency at 120 kW; exceptionally low secondary emissions (dry gas, 15% O sub(2)) of 0.77 ppmV CO, 0.12 ppmV NO sub(x), and undetectable SO sub(2); no forced outages with an adjusted availability of 98.5%; and a total of 707 h of operation on LG. The LG pretreatment unit (GPU) operated for a total of 2297 h, including the 707 h with the FC, and documented total sulfur and halide removal to much lower than the specified < 3 ppmV for the FC. The GPU flare safely disposed of the removed LG contaminants by achieving destruction efficiencies greater than 99%. JF - Energy (Oxford) AU - Spiegel, R J AU - Preston, J L AU - Trocciola, J C AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, spiegel.ronald@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 723 EP - 742 VL - 24 IS - 8 SN - 0360-5442, 0360-5442 KW - USA, California, Sun Valley KW - fuel cells KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollutant removal KW - Landfills KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Power plants KW - Emissions KW - Contaminants KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17378494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%28Oxford%29&rft.atitle=Fuel+cell+operation+on+landfill+gas+at+Penrose+Power+Station&rft.au=Spiegel%2C+R+J%3BPreston%2C+J+L%3BTrocciola%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Spiegel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%28Oxford%29&rft.issn=03605442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0360-5442%2899%2900022-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landfills; Waste disposal sites; Emissions; Pollutant removal; Power plants; Contaminants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(99)00022-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Livestock activity and Chihuahuan Desert annual-plant communities: Boundary analysis of disturbance gradients AN - 17376335; 4597885 AB - The impact of domestic livestock on soil properties and perennial vegetation is greatest close to water points and generally decreases exponentially with distance from water. We hypothesized that the impact of livestock on annual-plant communities would be similar to that on perennial vegetation. We used multivariate analysis and semivariograms to locate boundaries and to determine the number and width of different annual-plant zones (referred as biotic zones) on long-term livestock disturbance gradients in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico. We estimated abundance of annuals in 0.5-m super(2) quadrats placed at 30-m intervals on 10 livestock disturbance gradients originating at water points. Tansy mustard, Descurainia pinnata, was abundant in severely disturbed areas and also in areas that are known to have high soil nitrogen content. Amaranthus palmeri was abundant in half of the transects in the zones nearest the water points. The relationships of annual-plant abundance and species richness with distance from water points and with perennial-plant cover were not significant (R super(2) < 0.1). The number of boundaries and sizes of zones varied with distance from water points, with seasons, and with duration of grazing. The first biotic zone (most severely impacted by cattle) ranged from 75 to 795 m radius for winter-spring annuals and from 165 to 1065 m radius for the summer annuals. Variability in the number and size of biotic zones along grazing gradients was spatially correlated with the frequency and intensity of disturbance, with landscape position, and with patchiness of soil features. There were fewer and larger zones of summer annuals than of winter-spring annuals. Boundary analysis of livestock disturbance gradients provided a method with replication for assessing the impact of long-term livestock grazing on annual-plant communities. Livestock create nutrient-rich patches near water points by mixing dung with soil by hoof action. These nutrient-rich patches support species of annuals that are rare or absent in areas where soils are subjected to low-intensity disturbance. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Nash AU - Whitford, W G AU - de Soyza, AG AU - Van Zee, JW AU - Havstad, K M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Characterization Research Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89196 USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 814 EP - 823 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Arid environments KW - Soil properties KW - Plant communities KW - Environmental impact KW - Livestock KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17376335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Livestock+activity+and+Chihuahuan+Desert+annual-plant+communities%3A+Boundary+analysis+of+disturbance+gradients&rft.au=Nash%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3Bde+Soyza%2C+AG%3BVan+Zee%2C+JW%3BHavstad%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Livestock; Environmental impact; Soil properties; Plant communities; Arid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of computer-aided tomography (CT) to the study of estuarine benthic communities AN - 17375671; 4597904 AB - Sediment cores were imaged using a Computer-Aided Tomography (CT) scanner at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, Procedures were developed, using the attenuation of X-rays, to differentiate between sediment and the water contained in macrobenthic tubes and tunnels. The effects of sediment type on the ability to discriminate tubes as small as 1.5 mm were examined. Soft sediments with mean X-ray attenuations (SXA) from 450 to 576 CT numbers were successfully scanned in cores of 15.2 cm diameter by 30 cm depth. We demonstrated the accessibility and availability of CT technology to ecological studies by negotiating a reduced research rate ($200 per core) for sediment scanning at a nearby small hospital. Additionally, we were able to transfer these image data from the local hospital environment to a personal computer, by developing specialized computer software. These steps allowed greater opportunity for data exploration, manipulation, and statistical evaluation than would be available in a medical facility. CT analysis was applied to intact sediment cores from five stations along a 31-km pollution gradient in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, United States. The percentage of tube and tunnel area (PTTA) within the top 18 cm of sediment from each station was measured and ranged from 0.07% to 1.13%. PTTA increased along this gradient with distance from the pollution sources (r super(2) = 0.81, P < 0.01). The mean X-ray attenuation for sediment (excluding animals, their tubes and tunnels, and shells) was determined at each station. It also showed a highly significant relationship along this gradient (r super(2) = 0.98, P < 0.01) and ranged from 271 to 576 CT numbers. The measurement of PTTA may be an effective management tool to assess and monitor the effects of organic carbon loading on benthic communities in Narragansett Bay and similarly impacted estuaries. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Perez, K T AU - Davey, E W AU - Moore, R H AU - Burn, PR AU - Rosol AU - Cardin, JA AU - Johnson, R L AU - Kopans, D N AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882 USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 1050 EP - 1058 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - USA, Rhode Island KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Spatial distribution KW - Computed tomography KW - ANW, USA, Rhode Island KW - Zoobenthos KW - Core analysis KW - Sediments KW - Pollution sources KW - Benthos KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04320:Brackishwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17375671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Application+of+computer-aided+tomography+%28CT%29+to+the+study+of+estuarine+benthic+communities&rft.au=Perez%2C+K+T%3BDavey%2C+E+W%3BMoore%2C+R+H%3BBurn%2C+PR%3BRosol%3BCardin%2C+JA%3BJohnson%2C+R+L%3BKopans%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1050&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Estuarine organisms; Sediments; Core analysis; Benthos; Spatial distribution; Computed tomography; Zoobenthos; Pollution sources; ANW, USA, Rhode Island ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heritable reproductive effects of benzo[a]pyrene on the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) AN - 17372608; 4590518 AB - Environmental toxicologists rarely investigate multigeneration effects of aquatic contaminants. In this study we investigated the survivorship of fathead minnow larvae two generations removed from an exposure to the potent mutagen benzo[a]pyrene. The F2 broods with a grandparental exposure history showed a marked decrease in survival. In the highest-exposure group, reproductive capacity and larval survivorship were significantly lower than the solvent control. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - White, P A AU - Robitaille, S AU - Rasmussen, J B AD - Atlantic Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, white.paul-a@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1843 EP - 1847 VL - 18 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Fathead minnow KW - Pimephales promelas KW - benzo(a)pyrene KW - sexual reproduction KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Mutagens KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Larvae KW - Pollution effects KW - Survival KW - Fathead Minnows KW - Toxicity KW - Freshwater KW - Aromatic Compounds KW - Genetics KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Exposure KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - Reproduction KW - Teratogens KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Heritable+reproductive+effects+of+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+on+the+fathead+minnow+%28Pimephales+promelas%29&rft.au=White%2C+P+A%3BRobitaille%2C+S%3BRasmussen%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genetics; Mutagens; Ecotoxicology; Survival; Pollution effects; Teratogens; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Reproduction; Benzo(a)pyrene; Aromatic Compounds; Hydrocarbons; Exposure; Water Pollution Effects; Larvae; Fathead Minnows; Toxicity; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of different methods for the extraction of DNA from fungal conidia by quantitative competitive PCR analysis AN - 17371393; 4569502 AB - Five different DNA extraction methods were evaluated for their effectiveness in recovering PCR templates from the conidia of a series of fungal species often encountered in indoor air. The test organisms were Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium chrysogenum, Stachybotrys chartarum, Cladosporium herbarum and Alternaria alternata. The extraction methods differed in their use of different cell lysis procedures. These included grinding in liquid nitrogen, grinding at ambient temperature, sonication, glass bead milling and freeze-thawing. DNA purification and recovery from the lysates were performed using a commercially available system based on the selective binding of nucleic acids to glass milk. A simple quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) assay was developed for use in determining copy numbers of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal RNA operon (rDNA) in the total DNA extracts. These quantitative analyses demonstrated that the method using glass bead milling was most effective in recovering PCR templates from each of the different types of conidia both in terms of absolute copy numbers recovered and also in terms of lowest extract to extract variability. Calculations of average template copy yield per conidium in this study indicate that the bead milling method is sufficient to support the detection of less than ten conidia of each of the different organisms in a PCR assay. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Haugland, R A AU - Heckman, J L AU - Wymer, L J AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1999/08/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 01 SP - 165 EP - 176 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - DNA extraction KW - internal transcribed spacers KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aspergillus versicolor KW - Penicillium chrysogenum KW - Conidia KW - Stachybotrys chartarum KW - Alternaria alternata KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17371393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+different+methods+for+the+extraction+of+DNA+from+fungal+conidia+by+quantitative+competitive+PCR+analysis&rft.au=Haugland%2C+R+A%3BHeckman%2C+J+L%3BWymer%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Haugland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2899%2900061-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus versicolor; Penicillium chrysogenum; Stachybotrys chartarum; Alternaria alternata; Polymerase chain reaction; Conidia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(99)00061-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scale-model studies of mixing in drinking water storage tanks AN - 17371020; 4595242 AB - Storage tanks and reservoirs are commonly used in drinking water distribution systems to equalize pumping requirements and operating pressures, and to provide emergency water for fire-fighting and pumping outages. Poor mixing in these structures can create pockets of older water that could have negative aesthetic and public health impacts, Experiments were conducted on cylindrical scale-model tanks to determine the effect of various factors on mixing. The time taken to mix the contents of a tank with new water introduced during the fill period was found to be proportional to the initial volume to the two-thirds power divided by the square root of the inflow momentum flux (the product of flow rate and velocity). This time is insensitive to whether the inlet is vertically or horizontally oriented. Whether or not complete mixing occurs depends on the ratio of the momentum to buoyancy fluxes of the inlet jet, similar to past findings for jet discharges to unconfined bodies of water. However, the confined geometry of the tank results in a narrower range of conditions that produce stratification. Finally, a formula is derived to estimate the minimum volume exchange required for a fill-and-draw cycle to ensure complete mixing before the end of the filling period. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Rossman, LA AU - Grayman, WM AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, rossman.lewis@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 755 EP - 761 VL - 125 IS - 8 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Experimental Data KW - Storage Tanks KW - Water Tanks KW - Drinking Water KW - Inlets KW - Jets KW - Mathematical Analysis KW - Stratification KW - Mixing KW - Buoyancy KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17371020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Scale-model+studies+of+mixing+in+drinking+water+storage+tanks&rft.au=Rossman%2C+LA%3BGrayman%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Rossman&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mixing; Drinking Water; Water Tanks; Storage Tanks; Mathematical Analysis; Stratification; Inlets; Jets; Buoyancy; Experimental Data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial population changes during bioremediation of an experimental oil spill AN - 17370319; 4587953 AB - Three crude oil bioremediation techniques were applied in a randomized block field experiment simulating a coastal oil spill. Four treatments (no oil control, oil alone, oil plus nutrients, and oil plus nutrients plus an indigenous inoculum) were applied. In situ microbial community structures were monitored by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and 16S rDNA PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to (i) identify the bacterial community members responsible for the decontamination of the site and (ii) define an end point for the removal of the hydrocarbon substrate. The results of PLFA analysis demonstrated a community shift in all plots from primarily eukaryotic biomass to gram-negative bacterial biomass with time. PLFA profiles from the oiled plots suggested increased gram-negative biomass and adaptation to metabolic stress compared to unoiled controls. DGGE analysis of untreated control plots revealed a simple, dynamic dominant population structure throughout the experiment. This banding pattern disappeared in all oiled plots, indicating that the structure and diversity of the dominant bacterial community changed substantially. No consistent differences were detected between nutrient-amended and indigenous inoculum-treated plots, but both differed from the oil-only plots. Prominent bands were excised for sequence analysis and indicated that oil treatment encouraged the growth of gram-negative microorganisms within the alpha -proteobacteria and Flexibacter-Cytophaga-Bacteroides phylum. alpha -Proteobacteria were never detected in unoiled controls. PLFA analysis indicated that by week 14 the microbial community structures of the oiled plots were becoming similar to those of the unoiled controls from the same time point, but DGGE analysis suggested that major differences in the bacterial communities remained. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Macnaughton, S J AU - Stephen, J R AU - Venosa, AD AU - Davis, G A AU - Chang, Y-J AU - White, D C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, venosa.albert@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 3566 EP - 3574 VL - 65 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bioremediation KW - Population dynamics KW - Proteobacteria KW - Cytophaga KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Flexibacter KW - Oil pollution KW - Oil spills KW - Bacteroides KW - Ribosomes KW - Biomass KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Fatty acids KW - Microorganisms KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - A 01103:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17370319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Microbial+population+changes+during+bioremediation+of+an+experimental+oil+spill&rft.au=Macnaughton%2C+S+J%3BStephen%2C+J+R%3BVenosa%2C+AD%3BDavis%2C+G+A%3BChang%2C+Y-J%3BWhite%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Macnaughton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Proteobacteria; Flexibacter; Cytophaga; Bacteroides; Oil spills; Bioremediation; Microorganisms; Population dynamics; Fatty acids; Oil pollution; Polymerase chain reaction; Biomass; Ribosomes; Gel electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of a probabilistic risk assessment methodology to a lead smelter site AN - 17033757; 4618282 AB - Exposure of children to lead in the environment was assessed at the Murray Smelter Superfund site using both a deterministic risk assessment approach, the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model, and a probabilistic approach, the Integrated Stochastic Exposure (ISE) model. When site-specific data on lead in environmental media were input as point estimates into the IEUBK model, unacceptable risks were predicted for children living within five of eight study zones. The predicted soil cleanup goal was 550 ppm. Concentration and exposure data were then input into the ISE model as probability distribution functions and a one-dimensional Monte Carlo analysis (1-D MCA) was run to predict the expected distribution of exposures and blood lead values. Uncertainty surrounding these predictions was examined in a two-dimensional Monte Carlo analysis (2-D MCA). The ISE model predicted risks that were in the same rank order as those predicted by the IEUBK model, although the probability estimates of exceeding a blood lead level of 10 mu g/dl (referred to as the P10) from the ISE model were uniformly lower than those predicted by the IEUBK model. The 2-D MCA allowed evaluation of the confidence around each P10 level, and identified the main sources of both uncertainty and variability in exposure estimates. The ISE model suggested cleanup goals ranging from 1300 to 1500 ppm might be protective at this site. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Griffin, S AU - Goodrum, P E AU - Diamond, G L AU - Meylan, W AU - Brattin, W J AU - Hassett, J M AD - 999 18th Street, Suite 500 (Mail Code EPR-PS), Denver, CO 80202, USA, griffin.susan@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 845 EP - 868 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Environmental health KW - Lead KW - Superfund KW - Blood levels KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution effects KW - Children KW - Smelters KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17033757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Application+of+a+probabilistic+risk+assessment+methodology+to+a+lead+smelter+site&rft.au=Griffin%2C+S%3BGoodrum%2C+P+E%3BDiamond%2C+G+L%3BMeylan%2C+W%3BBrattin%2C+W+J%3BHassett%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Heavy metals; Lead; Smelters; Environmental health; Children; Pollution effects; Superfund; Blood levels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implementing probabilistic risk assessment in USEPA Superfund program AN - 17031957; 4618277 AB - Application of probabilistic risk analysis to human health and ecological risk assessment is a young science. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), as exemplified by Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA), is more suitable to quantify the confidence or level of uncertainty in risk estimates compared with the traditional point estimate approach. Within the United States Environmental protection Agency (USEPA) the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR) is implementing PRA as part of the Superfund administrative reform activities. The OERR is completing a guidance document accompanied by a workbook. OERR is continuing its outreach effort to present PRA to the public and USEPA staff, and is organizing a training course. This paper presents an overview of the OERR's PRA implementation effort to date. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Chang, S S AD - Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA, Chang.Steven@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 737 EP - 754 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - probability KW - Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Superfund KW - Environmental impact KW - Public health KW - Hazards KW - EPA KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17031957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Implementing+probabilistic+risk+assessment+in+USEPA+Superfund+program&rft.au=Chang%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; Superfund; Environmental impact; Public health; Hazards; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation and beyond: A comparison of several probabilistic risk assessment methods applied to a Superfund site AN - 17029572; 4618281 AB - Four different probabilistic risk assessment methods were compared using the data from the Sangamo Weston/Lake Hartwell Superfund site. These were one-dimensional Monte Carlo, two-dimensional Monte Carlo considering uncertainty in the concentration term, two-dimensional Monte Carlo considering uncertainty in ingestion rate, and microexposure event analysis. Estimated high-end risks ranged from 2.0 X 10 super(-4) to 3.3 X 10 super(-3). Microexposure event analysis produced a lower risk estimate than any of the other methods due to incorporation of time-dependent changes in the concentration term. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Simon, T W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, Atlanta Federal Center, 61 Forsyth Street, SW, Atlanta, GA 30303-3104, USA, simon.ted@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 823 EP - 843 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - probability KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Environmental degradation KW - Pollution clean-up KW - Superfund KW - Simulation KW - Hazardous materials KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17029572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Two-dimensional+Monte+Carlo+simulation+and+beyond%3A+A+comparison+of+several+probabilistic+risk+assessment+methods+applied+to+a+Superfund+site&rft.au=Simon%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Superfund; Hazardous materials; Environmental degradation; Pollution clean-up; Risk assessment; Simulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell cycle specificity of cytogenetic damage induced by 3,4-epoxy-1-butene AN - 18321390; 5360729 AB - 3,4-Epoxy-1-butene (EB), a primary metabolite of butadiene, is a direct-acting "S-dependent" genotoxicant that can induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosome aberrations (CAs) in cycling cells in vitro. However, EB is almost inactive when splenic or peripheral blood lymphocytes are exposed at the G sub(0) stage of the cell cycle. To investigate whether repair of DNA lesions is responsible for the lack of cytogenetic responses seen after G sub(0) treatments, we used cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) to inhibit DNA polymerization during DNA repair. If enough repairable lesions are present, double-strand breaks should accumulate and form chromosome-type ("S-independent") deletions and exchanges. This is exactly what occurred. EB induced chromosome deletions and dicentrics at the first division following treatment, when the EB exposure was followed by ara-C. Without ara-C treatment, there was no induction of CAs. These experiments indicate that the relatively low levels of damage induced by EB in G sub(0) lymphocytes are removed by DNA repair prior to DNA synthesis and thus, before the production of SCEs or chromatid-type aberrations. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Kligerman, AD AU - Doerr, CL AU - Tennant, AH AD - Genetics and Cellular Toxicology Branch, Mail Drop 68, Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC USA, Drop68,EnvironmentalCarcinogenesisDivision,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NC,USA Y1 - 1999/07/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 21 SP - 151 EP - 158 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 444 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - 3,4-Epoxy-1-butene KW - 3,4-epoxy-1-butene KW - cytarabine KW - cytosine arabinoside KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cell cycle KW - DNA repair KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18321390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Cell+cycle+specificity+of+cytogenetic+damage+induced+by+3%2C4-epoxy-1-butene&rft.au=Kligerman%2C+AD%3BDoerr%2C+CL%3BTennant%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Kligerman&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1999-07-21&rft.volume=444&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cell cycle; Chromosome aberrations; DNA repair ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and recovery of bulky hydrophobic DNA adducts. AN - 69893771; 10405299 AB - For many years (32)P postlabeling has detected DNA adducts at very low levels and yet has not been able to identify unknown adducts. Mass spectrometry offers substantially improved identification powers, albeit at some loss in detection limits. With this ultimate utilization of mass spectrometry in mind, the current research presents a new method to quantitatively purify bulky hydrophobic DNA adducts at levels that are pertinent to ongoing DNA adduct research in human health and environmental fields. This method was demonstrated with benzo[a]pyrene adducts. Purification was accomplished with the use of small columns (7.5-mm frits) with an 11 mg bed of polystyrene-divinlybenzene beads which retained the adducts while permitting the nonadducted nucleotides to be washed out with water. Subsequently, the adducts were eluted with 50% MeOH and the sample was reduced in volume in an evacuated centrifuge. Purification was demonstrated at adduct levels ranging from 4 adducts in 10(6) nonadducted nucleotides to 4 in 10(8). For these levels, analyses by capillary electrophoresis with sample stacking and UV detection determined that recoveries ranged from 91 to 54%, respectively. The adduct quantities isolated should be sufficient to allow the use of current MS capabilities that are linked on-line to separation methodologies such as capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography. JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Norwood, C B AD - U. S. EPA AED, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA. Y1 - 1999/07/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 15 SP - 100 EP - 106 VL - 272 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Polystyrenes KW - benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Amberlite XAD-2 resin KW - 9060-05-3 KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Humans KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- isolation & purification KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary KW - DNA Adducts -- isolation & purification KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69893771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Purification+and+recovery+of+bulky+hydrophobic+DNA+adducts.&rft.au=Norwood%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Norwood&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-15&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A survey of EPA/OPP and open literature on selected pesticide chemicals II. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of selected chloroacetanilides and related compounds AN - 18318362; 5360709 AB - With this effort, we continue our examination of data on selected pesticide chemicals and their related analogues that have been presented to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP). This report focuses on a group of selected chloroacetanilides and a few related compounds. As part of the registration process for pesticidal chemicals, interested parties (registrants) must submit toxicity information to support the registration including both mutagenicity and carcinogenicity data. Although this information is available to the public via Freedom of Information (FOI) requests to the OPP, publication in the scientific literature allows greater dissemination and examination of the data. For this Special Issue, graphic profiles have been prepared of the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity data available in the submissions to OPP. Also, a discussion is presented about how toxicity data are used to help establish tolerances (limits of pesticide residues in foods). The mutagenicity results submitted by registrants are supplemented by data on these chemicals from the open literature to provide a full perspective of their genetic toxicology. The group of chloroacetanilides reviewed here display a consistent pattern of mutagenic activity, probably mediated via metabolites. This mutagenic activity is a mechanistically plausible factor in the development of tumors seen in experimental animals exposed to this class of chemicals. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Dearfield, K L AU - McCarroll, N E AU - Protzel, A AU - Stack, H F AU - Jackson, MA AU - Waters, MD AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (8103R) Washington, DC USA Y1 - 1999/07/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 15 SP - 183 EP - 221 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 443 IS - 1-2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - chloroacetanilide KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mutagenicity KW - Surveys KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Pesticides KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18318362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=A+survey+of+EPA%2FOPP+and+open+literature+on+selected+pesticide+chemicals+II.+Mutagenicity+and+carcinogenicity+of+selected+chloroacetanilides+and+related+compounds&rft.au=Dearfield%2C+K+L%3BMcCarroll%2C+N+E%3BProtzel%2C+A%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BJackson%2C+MA%3BWaters%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Dearfield&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-07-15&rft.volume=443&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Surveys; Carcinogenicity; Mutagenicity; Pesticides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatilization of Chemicals from Tap Water to Indoor Air from Contaminated Water Used for Showering AN - 17321242; 4588812 AB - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may enter indoor air during the use of contaminated tap water. When this occurs, occupants can become exposed to potentially toxic VOCs via the inhalation route. The propensity for VOCs to volatilize into indoor air during the routine use of showers was investigated. A series of mass transfer experiments were conducted while a shower was operated within an enclosed chamber. Acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, ethylbenzene, and cyclohexane were used as volatile tracers. Chemical-specific stripping efficiencies and mass transfer coefficients were determined. An assessment of the importance of gas-phase resistance to mass transfer from water to air was also completed. Chemical-specific stripping efficiencies ranged from 6.3% (for acetone) to 80% (for cyclohexane) for household showers used under normal conditions. As described in this paper, data resulting from this study allow for the determination of overall mass transfer coefficients, and corresponding volatilization rates, for any showering event and chemical of interest. As such, the information presented herein should lead to improved estimates of human inhalation exposure to toxic chemicals that volatilize from water to indoor air. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Moya, J AU - Howard-Reed, C AU - Corsi, R L AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, 401 M Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, USA, moya.jacqueline@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 15 SP - 2321 EP - 2327 VL - 33 IS - 14 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - showering KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Water quality KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17321242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Volatilization+of+Chemicals+from+Tap+Water+to+Indoor+Air+from+Contaminated+Water+Used+for+Showering&rft.au=Moya%2C+J%3BHoward-Reed%2C+C%3BCorsi%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Moya&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes980876u LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Volatile organic compounds; Water quality; Pollution dispersion; Inhalation; Indoor air pollution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980876u ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of salinity reduction on oxygen consumption by larval estuarine invertebrates AN - 17367628; 4568478 AB - Unpredictable events can cause rapid sizable changes in environmental conditions. Storm events are an example of an unpredictable event; in estuarine habitats, storms can bring about drastic changes in salinity levels within several hours. This study focused on the effect of salinity reduction on larval oxygen consumption. Two species of larval invertebrates were exposed to salinity reduction, the marine polychaete Arenicola cristata Stimpson and the mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say). In experimental treatments, salinity was reduced to 10 or 15; control individuals were maintained at 30. Salinity was reduced for 3 d when larvae were between the ages of 1 and 4 d, post-hatch. Oxygen consumption was the same among treatments during salinity reduction for I. obsoleta larvae. The oxygen consumption of A. cristata larvae was significantly lower at 10S compared with controls and with salinity reduction to 15; larvae eventually died at 10. After salinity reduction ceased, larvae exposed to a salinity reduction to 15 consumed more (A. cristata) or the same (I. obsoleta) amount of oxygen as individuals maintained at 30. We have shown in previous experiments that salinity reduction results in significant reductions in larval growth in A. cristata and I. obsoleta larvae as well as in changes in developmental rates of A. cristata (but not I. obsoleta) larvae. Taken in conjunction with the results of our present study on larval oxygen consumption, the results suggest that salinity reduction has a large impact on estuarine invertebrates. JF - Marine Biology AU - Richmond, CE AU - Woodin, SA AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, Richmond.Courtney@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/07/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 07 SP - 259 EP - 267 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 134 IS - 2 SN - 0025-3162, 0025-3162 KW - Polychaete KW - Mud snail KW - Controlled conditions KW - Eastern mudsnail KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Oxygen consumption KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Arenicola cristata KW - Invertebrate larvae KW - Estuaries KW - Larvae KW - Invertebrates KW - Oxygen Requirements KW - Storms KW - Salinity KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Salinity effects KW - Ilyanassa obsoleta KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17367628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Biology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+salinity+reduction+on+oxygen+consumption+by+larval+estuarine+invertebrates&rft.au=Richmond%2C+CE%3BWoodin%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1999-07-07&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Biology&rft.issn=00253162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002270050544 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arenicola cristata; Ilyanassa obsoleta; Estuaries; Salinity; Storms; Aquatic Habitats; Invertebrates; Larvae; Oxygen Requirements; Estuarine organisms; Invertebrate larvae; Oxygen consumption; Salinity effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050544 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sprawl tales: Maryland's Smart Growth Initiative and the evolution of growth management AN - 860393013; 13879642 AB - Over the last 25 years, momentum has grown for a policy response to issues raised by development and land use patterns at the urban-suburban-rural interface. Various states and municipalities throughout the country have experimented with legislative and planning approaches, often referred to as "growth management," to address these land use issues. This paper examines one of the most recent steps in the evolution of growth management, the Smart Growth Initiative enacted by Maryland in April 1997. The paper addresses several questions: What is the Smart Growth Initiative and where does it fit in the evolution of growth management? What processes were used to incorporate diverse values and perspectives in developing the initiative? What are the prospects for its implementation? The paper briefly reviews growth management, its evolution over the last quarter century, and the use of stakeholder involvement and consensus-building processes for policy development. With this background, the Smart Growth Initiative is examined in detail, including the group processes employed to incorporate diverse values in both developing and implementing the initiative. Finally, the paper closes by placing the Smart Growth Initiative in the context of evolving growth management approaches. JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - Haeuber, Richard AD - 1712 Johnson Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C, 20009, Haeuber.richard@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 131 EP - 147 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth KW - Ecosystems KW - Reviews KW - USA, Maryland KW - stakeholders KW - Legislation KW - Evolution KW - Land use KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 05:Environmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860393013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Sprawl+tales%3A+Maryland%27s+Smart+Growth+Initiative+and+the+evolution+of+growth+management&rft.au=Haeuber%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Haeuber&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1009527930434 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land use; Evolution; Growth; Ecosystems; Reviews; stakeholders; Legislation; USA, Maryland DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009527930434 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral assessments of learning and attention in rats exposed perinatally to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) AN - 69946662; 10440482 AB - Evidence from humans suggests that cognitive dysfunction may result from perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the results of some animal research with PCBs have been interpreted in terms of possible impairment of attention. Long-Evans rats were fed 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), a coplanar congener, at doses of 0.25 or 1 microgram/kg/day [corrected] throughout gestation and nursing. Male offspring of these rats were trained as adults to perform 2 tests of attention for food reward. First, a cued target-detection task, modeled after Posner's covert orienting method for humans, was used to assess visuospatial attention. In this task, a visual target stimulus was presented in 1 visual hemifield on each trial, preceded either by a valid cue, an invalid cue, or no cue. A valid cue appeared in the same hemifield as the target, and an invalid cue appeared in the opposite hemifield. As expected, valid cues increased accuracy and speed of target detection and invalid cues decreased accuracy and speed; moreover, these effects were systematically related to changes in cue intensity and target duration. However, perinatal exposure to PCB 126 did not affect acquisition or performance of this task. The second task assessed sustained attention by means of a signal detection method in which a brief, spatially-constant but temporally unpredictable, visual signal indicated which of 2 responses would yield food. Varying the intensity of the signal greatly affected the probability of correctly reporting the signal. Perinatal exposure to PCB 126 did not affect acquisition of the response rule or performance of the task. Finally, all rats were challenged with chlordiazepoxide (CDP) at doses of 0, 3, 5, 8, or 12 mg/kg SC, 20 min before testing in the sustained attention task. In control rats, low doses (3, 5, and 8 mg/kg) of CDP reduced accuracy at low signal intensities only, suggesting an increase in visual threshold. The high dose of CDP reduced accuracy at all signal intensities and increased the false-alarm rate as well, suggesting an impairment of attention. The rats exposed perinatally to PCB 126 at 0.25 micrograms/kg [corrected] were unaffected by CDP, and those exposed to PCB 126 at 1 microgram/kg [corrected] showed a smaller decrement in performance after CDP than did the controls. Taken together, these data provide little support for the possibility that perinatal exposure to PCB 126 causes deficits in attention, but suggest that PCB 126 may alter GABA-mediated pathways in the CNS during development. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Bushnell, P J AU - Rice, D C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. bushnell.philip@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 381 EP - 392 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - GABA Modulators KW - Chlordiazepoxide KW - 6RZ6XEZ3CR KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl KW - TSH69IA9XF KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Evoked Potentials, Visual -- drug effects KW - Drug Interactions KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cues KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - GABA Modulators -- toxicity KW - Chlordiazepoxide -- toxicity KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Attention -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69946662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+assessments+of+learning+and+attention+in+rats+exposed+perinatally+to+3%2C3%27%2C4%2C4%27%2C5-pentachlorobiphenyl+%28PCB+126%29&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J%3BRice%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Neurotoxicol Teratol 1999 Nov-Dec;21(6):733 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrophoretic mobilities of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and wild-type Escherichia coli strains. AN - 69866897; 10388724 AB - The electrophoretic mobilities (EPMs) of a number of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and wild-type E. coli strains were measured. The effects of pH and ionic strength on the EPMs were investigated. The EPMs of E. coli O157:H7 strains differed from those of wild-type strains. As the suspension pH decreased, the EPMs of both types of strains increased. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Lytle, D A AU - Rice, E W AU - Johnson, C H AU - Fox, K R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. lytle.carren@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 3222 EP - 3225 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Cattle KW - Sewage -- microbiology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Water Microbiology KW - Surface Properties KW - Electrophoresis -- methods KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- physiology KW - Escherichia coli -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69866897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Electrophoretic+mobilities+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+wild-type+Escherichia+coli+strains.&rft.au=Lytle%2C+D+A%3BRice%2C+E+W%3BJohnson%2C+C+H%3BFox%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: N Engl J Med. 1983 Mar 24;308(12):681-5 [6338386] J Infect Dis. 1985 May;151(5):775-82 [3886804] J Infect Dis. 1986 Sep;154(3):522-4 [3525698] Lett Appl Microbiol. 1996 Sep;23(3):179-82 [8862024] Lancet. 1991 Jun 8;337(8754):1412 [1674781] Ann Intern Med. 1992 Nov 15;117(10):812-9 [1416555] Lancet. 1993 Apr 10;341(8850):961 [8096294] J Gen Microbiol. 1990 May;136(5):867-74 [1696306] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemolysis, toxicity, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Stachybotrys chartarum strains. AN - 69865790; 10388719 AB - Stachybotrys chartarum is an indoor air, toxigenic fungus that has been associated with a number of human and veterinary health problems. Most notable among these has been a cluster of idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage cases that were observed in the Cleveland, Ohio, area. In this study, 16 strains of S. chartarum isolated from case (n = 8) or control (n = 8) homes in Cleveland and 12 non-Cleveland strains from diverse geographic locations were analyzed for hemolytic activity, conidial toxicity, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA banding patterns. In tests for hemolytic activity, strains were grown at 23 degrees C on wet wallboard pieces for an 8-week test period. Conidia from these wallboard pieces were subcultured on sheep's blood agar once a week over this period and examined for growth and clearing of the medium at 37 or 23 degrees C. Five of the Cleveland strains (all from case homes) showed hemolytic activity at 37 degrees C throughout the 8-week test compared to 3 of the non-Cleveland strains. Five of the Cleveland strains, compared to two of the non-Cleveland strains, produced highly toxic conidia (>90 microgram of T2 toxin equivalents per g [wet weight] of conidia) after 10 and 30 days of growth on wet wallboard. Only 3 of the 28 strains examined both were consistently hemolytic and produced highly toxic conidia. Each of these strains was isolated from a house in Cleveland where an infant had idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Vesper, S J AU - Dearborn, D G AU - Yike, I AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Haugland, R A AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. Vesper.Stephen@EPA.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 3175 EP - 3181 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Phylogeny KW - Infant KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Humans KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Hemolysis KW - Hemorrhage -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Stachybotrys -- genetics KW - Lung Diseases, Fungal -- microbiology KW - Housing KW - Stachybotrys -- pathogenicity KW - Stachybotrys -- classification KW - Stachybotrys -- isolation & purification KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Lung Diseases, Fungal -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69865790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Hemolysis%2C+toxicity%2C+and+randomly+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+analysis+of+Stachybotrys+chartarum+strains.&rft.au=Vesper%2C+S+J%3BDearborn%2C+D+G%3BYike%2C+I%3BSorenson%2C+W+G%3BHaugland%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Vesper&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1973 Aug 24;181(4101):758-60 [4737542] J Microbiol Methods. 1999 Aug;37(2):165-76 [10445315] Microbiol Rev. 1978 Mar;42(1):45-66 [379572] Rev Infect Dis. 1981 Nov-Dec;3(6):1127-38 [7043704] J Pediatr. 1983 May;102(5):698-702 [6842324] J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1994 Feb;47(2):173-82 [8150713] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Dec 9;43(48):881-3 [7969010] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Feb 3;44(4):67, 73-4 [7830703] Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994 Nov;18(5):337-41 [7898974] Chest. 1996 Aug;110(2):553-5 [8697865] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1996;68(4):207-18 [8738349] Curr Opin Pediatr. 1997 Jun;9(3):219-24 [9229159] Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998 Aug;152(8):757-62 [9701134] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3620-5 [9758776] Occup Environ Med. 1998 Sep;55(9):579-84 [9861178] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Jan;65(1):88-94 [9872764] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107 Suppl 3:495-9 [10346998] J Clin Invest. 1978 Jun;61(6):1428-40 [659605] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resolving Nevada Test Site and global fallout plutonium in attic dust and soils using (super 137) Cs/ (super 239+240) Pu activity ratios AN - 52112582; 2002-038289 JF - Health Physics AU - Cizdziel, James AU - Hodge, Vernon AU - Faller, Scott Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 67 EP - 75 PB - Pergamon, Long Island, NY VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - United States KW - isotopes KW - radioactivity KW - plutonium KW - Pu-239 KW - mass spectra KW - radioactive fallout KW - Nevada Test Site KW - radioactive isotopes KW - cesium KW - sediments KW - spectra KW - Nevada KW - soils KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - global KW - alkali metals KW - pollution KW - correlation KW - Nye County Nevada KW - ICP mass spectra KW - detection KW - Cs-137 KW - metals KW - dust KW - Utah KW - actinides KW - Pu-240 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52112582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Physics&rft.atitle=Resolving+Nevada+Test+Site+and+global+fallout+plutonium+in+attic+dust+and+soils+using+%28super+137%29+Cs%2F+%28super+239%2B240%29+Pu+activity+ratios&rft.au=Cizdziel%2C+James%3BHodge%2C+Vernon%3BFaller%2C+Scott&rft.aulast=Cizdziel&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.health-physics.com/pt/re/healthphys/home.htm;jsessionid=G5qSTXSp0vDSHYTCTzDnLVFQz7CBNyYYSGk1jRLYMGG4QvPYTKvJ!1240718814!-949856144!8091!-1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; alkali metals; cesium; clastic sediments; concentration; correlation; Cs-137; detection; dust; global; ICP mass spectra; isotopes; mass spectra; metals; monitoring; Nevada; Nevada Test Site; Nye County Nevada; plutonium; pollutants; pollution; Pu-239; Pu-240; radioactive fallout; radioactive isotopes; radioactivity; sediments; soils; spectra; United States; Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field test of high molecular weight alcohol flushing for subsurface nonaqueous phase liquid remediation AN - 50132167; 1999-059129 AB - A pilot scale field test of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) removal using high molecular weight alcohols was conducted at Operable Unit 1, Hill Air Force Base, Utah. Petroleum hydrocarbons and spent solvents were disposed of in chemical disposal pits at this site, and these materials are now present in the subsurface in the form of a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL). This LNAPL is a complex mixture of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, and other compounds. The field experiment was performed in a 5 m by 3 m confined test cell, formed by driving interlocking sheet pile walls through the contaminated zone into an underlying clay. The test involved the injection and extraction of about four pore volumes (1 pore volume = 7000 L) of a mixture of 80% tert-butanol and 15% n-hexanol. The contaminants were removed by a combination of NAPL mobilization and enhanced dissolution, and the results of postflood soil coring indicate better than 90% removal of the more soluble contaminants (trichloroethane, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, trimethylbenzene, naphthalene) and 70-80% removal of less soluble compounds (decane and undecane). The results of preflood and postflood NAPL partitioning tracer tests show nearly 80% removal of the total NAPL content from the test cell. The field data suggest that a somewhat higher level of removal could be achieved with a longer alcohol injection. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Falta, Ronald W AU - Lee, Cindy M AU - Brame, Scott E AU - Roeder, Eberhard AU - Coates, John T AU - Wright, Charles AU - Wood, A Lynn AU - Enfield, Carl G Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 2095 EP - 2108 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 35 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - Davis County Utah KW - pollution KW - light nonaqueous phase liquids KW - hydrochemistry KW - ground water KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - molecular structure KW - organic compounds KW - solvents KW - Hill Air Force Base KW - hydrocarbons KW - alcohols KW - Utah KW - mobilization KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - military facilities KW - geochemistry KW - field studies KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50132167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Field+test+of+high+molecular+weight+alcohol+flushing+for+subsurface+nonaqueous+phase+liquid+remediation&rft.au=Falta%2C+Ronald+W%3BLee%2C+Cindy+M%3BBrame%2C+Scott+E%3BRoeder%2C+Eberhard%3BCoates%2C+John+T%3BWright%2C+Charles%3BWood%2C+A+Lynn%3BEnfield%2C+Carl+G&rft.aulast=Falta&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2095&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999WR900097 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alcohols; Davis County Utah; experimental studies; field studies; geochemistry; ground water; Hill Air Force Base; hydraulic conductivity; hydrocarbons; hydrochemistry; light nonaqueous phase liquids; military facilities; mobilization; molecular structure; nonaqueous phase liquids; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; solvents; United States; Utah DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900097 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic toxicology data in the evaluation of potential human environmental carcinogens AN - 18272368; 5328867 AB - In 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated the Monographs Programme to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Results from short-term mutagenicity tests were first included in the IARC Monographs in the mid-1970s based on the observation that most carcinogens are also mutagens, although not all mutagens are carcinogens. Experimental evidence at that time showed a strong correlation between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity and indicated that short-term mutagenicity tests are useful for predicting carcinogenicity. Although the strength of these correlations has diminished over the past 20 years with the identification of putative nongenotoxic carcinogens, such tests provide vital information for identifying potential human carcinogens and understanding mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The short-term test results for agents compiled in the EPA/IARC Genetic Activity Profile (GAP) database over nearly 15 years are summarized and reviewed here with regard to their IARC carcinogenicity classifications. The evidence of mutagenicity or nonmutagenicity based on a `defining set' of test results from three genetic endpoints (gene mutation, chromosomal aberrations, and aneuploidy) is examined. Recommendations are made for assessing chemicals based on the strength of evidence from short-term tests, and the implications of this approach in identifying mutational mechanisms of carcinogenesis are discussed. The role of short-term test data in influencing the overall classification of specific compounds in recent Monograph volumes is discussed, particularly with reference to studies in human populations. Ethylene oxide is cited as an example. JF - Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research AU - Waters, MD AU - Stack, F H AU - Jackson, MJ AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 21 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 437 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5742, 1383-5742 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Reviews KW - Genotoxicity KW - Carcinogens KW - Toxicity testing KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18272368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Genetic+toxicology+data+in+the+evaluation+of+potential+human+environmental+carcinogens&rft.au=Waters%2C+MD%3BStack%2C+F+H%3BJackson%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=437&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.issn=13835742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Genotoxicity; Toxicity testing; Carcinogens; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Certificates or certification? [Watershed management education] AN - 18080708; 5141756 AB - Watershed managers strive to address the particular needs of the place they care about in ways they feel are most effective. Some focus on volunteer monitoring and education, some put in place new land and business practices that are protective of resources, others work for changes in public policy, some organize "umbrella" groups coordinating all these kinds of efforts and more. Skills the practitioner does not have personally are accessed through partnerships with others. Many of their partnerships grow from local "grassroots" concern. Others carry official recognition or designation. Incredibly diverse in nature, necessarily broad in disciplines, these practitioners and partnerships are the pieces that make up the ever growing patchwork quilt of watershed management in the United States. JF - Water Resources Impact AU - Pawlukiewicz, J AU - Norton, D J AD - U.S. EPA (4501f), Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, 401 M. Street SW, Washington, DC 20560, USA, plwlukiewicz.janet@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 10 EP - 13 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1522-3175, 1522-3175 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Water supplies (Potable) KW - USA KW - Catchment areas KW - Water management KW - Scientific personnel KW - Water resources KW - Certification KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Restoration KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09108:Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18080708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Impact&rft.atitle=Certificates+or+certification%3F+%5BWatershed+management+education%5D&rft.au=Pawlukiewicz%2C+J%3BNorton%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Pawlukiewicz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Impact&rft.issn=15223175&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water management; Scientific personnel; Certification; Watersheds; Water supplies (Potable); Catchment areas; Water resources; Water quality (Natural waters); Restoration; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential relative future effects of sulfur and nitrogen deposition on lake chemistry in the Adirondack Mountains, United States AN - 18070244; 5110566 AB - Leaching of atmospherically deposited nitrogen from forested watersheds can acidify lakes and streams. Using a modified version of the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments, we made computer simulations of such effects for 36 lake catchments in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State. Our simulations bound the potential changes in regional-scale surface water acidification that might occur there over the next 50 years across broad scenarios of both nitrogen and sulfur deposition as well as ranges of times to watershed nitrogen saturation. Model projections indicated that nitrogen deposition may play a more important role in future acidification than has been previously considered and may rival or exceed potential effects of sulfur deposition, depending on how rapidly watersheds might become saturated with atmospherically deposited nitrogen. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Church, M R AU - Van Sickle, J AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 2199 EP - 2211 VL - 35 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - USA, Adirondack Mts. KW - USA, New York, Adirondack Mts. KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Sulfur KW - Chemistry KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Surface Water KW - Watersheds KW - Forest Watersheds KW - Lakes KW - Catchment areas KW - Acidification KW - Acidity KW - Pollution forecasting KW - Atmospheric Chemistry KW - Simulation KW - Projections KW - Streams (in natural channels) KW - Model Studies KW - Catchments KW - Deposition KW - Air-water interactions KW - Nitrogen KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18070244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Potential+relative+future+effects+of+sulfur+and+nitrogen+deposition+on+lake+chemistry+in+the+Adirondack+Mountains%2C+United+States&rft.au=Church%2C+M+R%3BVan+Sickle%2C+J&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999WR900091 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfur; Lakes; Catchments; Air-water interactions; Simulation; Acidification; Pollution forecasting; Watersheds; Nitrogen; Chemistry; Catchment areas; Deposition; Acidity; Streams (in natural channels); Atmospheric Chemistry; Water Pollution Sources; Surface Water; Projections; Forest Watersheds; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900091 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecotoxicity and chemistry of leachates from blast furnace and basic oxygen steel slags AN - 17737687; 4808016 AB - Iron and steel slags have been utilised in the Illawarra and Newcastle regions of NSW,Australia, for many years in a wide range of engineering applications. To provide basic information on the potential for initial, short-term environmental effects, leachates from iron and steel slags were produced in the laboratory under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, in fresh and marine waters. The chemistry of these leachates was assessed and the acute toxicity to the Australian freshwater cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard 1894, and larvae of the marine scallop Mimachlamys asperrima (Lamarck 1819) (formerly Chlamys asperrimus), was determined. Toxicity of the freshwater leachates could be attributed primarily to high pH, with Basic Oxygen Steel (BOS) slag leachate being more toxic than Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) leachate. The 48-h EC50 (immobilisation) for C. dubia was 1.3% BOS slag leachate. Toxicity in the seawater leachates could not be attributed to either pH or the measured metal concentrations. For BFS, anaerobically generated marine leachate was more toxic than aerobically generated leachate (M. asperrima 48-h EC50 (larval abnormality) 2% and 26% leachate respectively). Seawater incubated BOS slag leachates produced 48-h EC50s (larval abnormality) of around 2% leachate. JF - Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology AU - Julli, M AD - Ecotoxicology Section, NSW Environment Protection Authority, located at EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology, Sydney, Westbourne St, Gore Hill, NSW 2065,Australia, jullim@epa.nsw.gov.au Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 123 EP - 132 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1323-3475, 1323-3475 KW - acute toxicity KW - Ceriodaphnia dubia KW - Mimachlamys asperrima KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - slag KW - Steel KW - Industrial pollution KW - Iron KW - Leachates KW - Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24161:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17737687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=Ecotoxicity+and+chemistry+of+leachates+from+blast+furnace+and+basic+oxygen+steel+slags&rft.au=Julli%2C+M&rft.aulast=Julli&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=13233475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceriodaphnia dubia; Mimachlamys asperrima; Toxicity testing; Leachates; slag; Steel; Iron; Industrial pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Daily variation of particulate air pollution and poor cardiac autonomic control in the elderly AN - 17588564; 4590316 AB - Particulate matter air pollution (PM) has been related to cardiovascular disease mortality in a number of recent studies. The pathophysiologic mechanisms for this association are under study. Low heart rate variability, a marker of poor cardiac autonomic control, is associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. To address the possible mechanisms for PM-cardiovascular disease mortality, we examined the cardiac autonomic response to daily variations in PM in 26 elderly (mean age 81) individuals for 3 consecutive weeks. Several standardized methods were used to measure 24-hr average PM concentrations prior to the clinical test inside (indoor PM sub(2.5)) and immediately outside (outdoor PM sub(2.5) and PM sub(2.5-10)) of participants' residences. Resting, supine, 6-min R wave to R wave (R-R) interval data were collected to estimate high frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz) and low frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) powers and standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) as cardiac autonomic control indices. Participant-specific lower heart rate variability days were defined as days for which the high-frequency indices fell below the first tertile of the individual's high-frequency distribution over the study period. Indoor PM sub(2.5) > 15 mu g/m super(3) was used to define high pollution days. Results show that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of low heart rate variability high frequency for high (vs. not high) pollution days was 3.08 (1.43, 6.59). The beta -coefficients (standard error) from mixed models to assess the quantitative relationship between variations in indoor PM sub(2.5) and the log-transformed high frequency, low frequency, and SDNN were: -0.029 (0.010), -0.027 (0.009), and -0.004 (0.003), respectively. This first study of cardiac autonomic control response to daily variations of PM sub(2.5) indicates that increased levels of PM sub(2.5) are associated with lower cardiac autonomic control, suggesting a possible mechanistic link between PM and cardiovascular disease mortality. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Liao, D AU - Creason, J AU - Shy, C AU - Williams, R AU - Watts, R AU - Zweidinger, R AD - Epidemiology and Biomarkers Branch, Human Studies Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Drop 58C, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, creason.john@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 521 EP - 525 VL - 107 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - daily variations KW - elderly KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Age KW - Cardiovascular system KW - Heart rate KW - Particulate pollution KW - Pollution effects KW - Particulates KW - Public health KW - Geriatrics KW - Mortality KW - Air pollution KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17588564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Daily+variation+of+particulate+air+pollution+and+poor+cardiac+autonomic+control+in+the+elderly&rft.au=Liao%2C+D%3BCreason%2C+J%3BShy%2C+C%3BWilliams%2C+R%3BWatts%2C+R%3BZweidinger%2C+R&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Particulates; Pollution effects; Public health; Mortality; Cardiovascular system; Geriatrics; Age; Particulate pollution; Heart rate ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the ecological condition of the estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico AN - 17588020; 4572654 AB - Monitoring of estuaries in the Louisianian Province was performed annually from 1991-1994 to assess ecological conditions on a regional scale. We found over the four years of monitoring, 25 plus or minus 6% of Gulf of Mexico estuarine sediments in the Louisianian Province displayed poor biological conditions, as measured by benthic community structure, and 14 plus or minus 7% of the area was characterized by poor water clarity, the presence of marine debris, and elevated levels of fish tissue contaminants. Using statistical associations to discern relationships between ecological condition and exposure or stressor data has shown that much of this `degraded' condition co-occurs with sediment contamination. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Macauley, J M AU - Summers, J K AU - Engle, V D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, macauley.john@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 59 EP - 83 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Mexico Gulf KW - USA KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Ecology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Regional Analysis KW - Degradation KW - Contamination KW - Environmental Quality KW - Pollution effects KW - Benthic environment KW - Decomposition KW - Ecology KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Sediment pollution KW - Estuaries KW - Water Quality KW - Environmental quality standards KW - Sediments KW - Estuarine chemistry KW - Community composition KW - Marine pollution KW - Water transparency KW - Community structure KW - Monitoring KW - Environmental conditions KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Benthos KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17588020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+ecological+condition+of+the+estuaries+of+the+Gulf+of+Mexico&rft.au=Macauley%2C+J+M%3BSummers%2C+J+K%3BEngle%2C+V+D&rft.aulast=Macauley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005944829407 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Sediment pollution; Community composition; Water transparency; Pollution effects; Environmental conditions; Estuarine chemistry; Benthos; Community structure; Estuaries; Benthic environment; Monitoring; Sediments; Ecology; Contamination; Marine pollution; Environmental quality standards; Decomposition; Water quality (Natural waters); Regional Analysis; Degradation; Environmental Quality; Water Quality; ASW, USA, Louisiana DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005944829407 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolved oxygen conditions in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries AN - 17587970; 4572651 AB - Because deficient dissolved oxygen (DO) levels may have severe detrimental effects on estuarine and marine life, DO has been widely used as an indicator of ecological conditions by environmental monitoring programs. The U.S. EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program for Estuaries (EMAP-E) monitored DO conditions in the estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico from 1991 to 1994. DO was measured in two ways: 1) instantaneous profiles from the surface to the bottom were taken during the day, and 2) continuous measurements were taken near the bottom at 15 min intervals for at least 12 h. This information was summarized to assess the spatial distribution and severity of DO conditions in these estuaries. Depending on the criteria used to define hypoxia (DO concentrations usually <2 mg L super(-1) or <5 mg L super(-1)) and the method by which DO is measured, we estimate that between 5.2 and 29.3% of the total estuarine area in the Louisianian Province was affected by low DO conditions. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Engle, V D AU - Summers, J K AU - Macauley, J M AD - U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center, Gulf Breeze Project Office, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, engle.virginia@epmail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Mexico Gulf KW - USA, Mexico Gulf KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Ecosystems KW - Environmental Quality KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Ecology KW - Marine environment KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Estuaries KW - Dissolved Oxygen KW - Environmental quality standards KW - Estuarine chemistry KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Profiles KW - Hypoxia KW - Monitoring KW - Oxygen (Dissolved) KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17587970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Dissolved+oxygen+conditions+in+northern+Gulf+of+Mexico+estuaries&rft.au=Engle%2C+V+D%3BSummers%2C+J+K%3BMacauley%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Engle&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005980410752 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Pollution monitoring; Hypoxia; Estuarine chemistry; Dissolved oxygen; Ecology; Marine environment; Estuaries; Environmental quality standards; Monitoring; Oxygen (Dissolved); Ecosystems; Profiles; Environmental Quality; Dissolved Oxygen; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Louisiana DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005980410752 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The importance of ecoregion versus drainage area on fish distributions in the St. Croix River and its Wisconsin tributaries AN - 17443234; 4660691 AB - Aquatic ecoregions, based on regional landscape features, have been proposed as a model for aquatic resource management. The model assumes the existence of a typical biota associated with a given ecoregion and serves as the basis for biological assessment, reference site designation, and determination of stream potential, based on this biotic assemblage. Contrasting models for predicting stream ecosystem structure focus on the importance of local site conditions, including the regular and predictable changes that occur as a function of area draining to a site. In this study, a classification of 429 stream sites over an area of approximately 20000 km super(2) in the St. Croix River basin delineated three major species groups: redhorse/spotfin shiner; brook charr/sculpin; and mixed species. Numerical analyses revealed no relationship between the species communities and ecoregions. In contrast, there was a strong association between the species communities and the area draining to the site. Our study highlights the importance of accommodating the inherent structure associated with site drainage area when imposing a regionally-based ecological classification upon stream ecosystems. This structure is expressed in the systematic changes to the physical habitat that occur with increasing drainage area and are reflected by the species community at the site. Management models that currently incorporate ecoregions in the classification or prediction of stream ecosystem structure would benefit from the inclusion of specific components that incorporate drainage area measurements. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Newall, PR AU - Magnuson, J J AD - Geography Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison (now at Environment Protection Authority, 477 Collins Street, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia, peter.newall@epa.vic.gov.au Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 245 EP - 254 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - ecoregions KW - North America, St. Croix R. KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - USA, Wisconsin, St. Croix R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Prediction KW - River Basins KW - Spatial distribution KW - Ecosystems KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Models KW - Model Studies KW - Numerical Analysis KW - Pisces KW - Classification KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Structure KW - Species composition KW - Stream Fisheries KW - Drainage Area KW - Tributaries KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17443234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+ecoregion+versus+drainage+area+on+fish+distributions+in+the+St.+Croix+River+and+its+Wisconsin+tributaries&rft.au=Newall%2C+PR%3BMagnuson%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Newall&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1007527800434 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pisces; Ecosystems; Structure; Drainage Area; Classification; River Basins; Aquatic Habitats; Model Studies; Numerical Analysis; Prediction; Spatial Distribution; Stream Fisheries; Tributaries; Rivers; Spatial distribution; Models; Species composition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007527800434 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass Transfer of Volatile Organic Compounds from Drinking Water to Indoor Air: The Role of Residential Dishwashers AN - 17391873; 4611550 AB - Contaminated tap water may be a source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residential indoor air. To better understand the extent and impact of chemical emissions from this source, a two-phase mass balance model was developed based on mass transfer kinetics between each phase. Twenty-nine experiments were completed using a residential dishwasher to determine model parameters. During each experiment, inflow water was spiked with a cocktail of chemical tracers with a wide range of physicochemical properties. In each case, the effects of water temperature, detergent, and dish-loading pattern on chemical stripping efficiencies and mass transfer coefficients were determined. Dishwasher headspace ventilation rates were also measured using an isobutylene tracer gas. Chemical stripping efficiencies for a single cycle ranged from 18% to 55% for acetone, from 96% to 98% for toluene, and from 97% to 98% for ethylbenzene and were consistently 100% for cyclohexane. Experimental results indicate that dishwashers have a relatively low but continuous ventilation rate ( similar to 5.7 L/min) that results in significant chemical storage within the headspace of the dishwasher. In conjunction with relatively high mass transfer coefficients, low ventilation rates generally lead to emissions that are limited by equilibrium conditions after approximately 1-2 min of dishwasher operation. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Howard-Reed, C AU - Corsi, R L AU - Moya, J AD - The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Civil Engineering, ECJ 8.6, Austin, Texas 78712, USA, howard.cynthia@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 2266 EP - 2272 PB - American Chemical Society VL - 33 IS - 13 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - dishwashers KW - indoor air KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Consumer products KW - Ventilation KW - Detergents KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Tracers KW - Drinking Water KW - Emissions KW - Temperature Effects KW - Volatility KW - Experimental Data KW - Mass Transfer KW - Kinetics KW - Organic Compounds KW - Drinking water KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17391873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Mass+Transfer+of+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+from+Drinking+Water+to+Indoor+Air%3A+The+Role+of+Residential+Dishwashers&rft.au=Howard-Reed%2C+C%3BCorsi%2C+R+L%3BMoya%2C+J&rft.aulast=Howard-Reed&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=2266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Experimental Data; Drinking Water; Ventilation; Tracers; Mass Transfer; Organic Compounds; Volatility; Temperature Effects; Kinetics; Detergents; Indoor air pollution; Volatile organic compounds; Drinking water; Emissions; Consumer products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Kow Values for a Series of Aryl Glucuronides AN - 17373323; 4581995 AB - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of hazardous contaminants in the aquatic environment that readily accumulate in animals. We have recently become interested in understanding the formation, distribution, and elimination of phase II metabolites of PAHs in fish (McKim et al. 1993) in support of the U.S. EPA's hazardous chemical risk assessment programs. Glucuronides are one of the important phase II metabolites and are formed by the conjugation of glucuronic acid with phase I metabolites of PAHs, hydroxylated PAHs (Clarke et al. 1991). The commercial availability of aryl glucuronides for study is, however, limited. We have, therefore, prepared a series of para substituted phenyl glucuronides, and wish to report a simple yet effective sample cleanup procedure for their isolation from microsomal incubation solutions, and features of ultra violet (UV) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI/MS) data for their structural characterization. An important parameter in toxicokinetic modeling is the octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow). This parameter has often been used to predict the accumulation of contaminants from water to fish (Klamer and Beekman 1995); however, few Kow values are available for modeling the behavior of phase 11 metabolites within an animal. Therefore, Kow values for the synthesized glucuronides, along with a few commercially available glucuronides, were determined using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The measured values were compared to those predicted by a substituent additive model, CLOGP (Leo and Weinninger 1988). An assessment of this data is presented. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Kuehl, D W AU - Christensen, J AD - Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 0109 EP - 0116 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - octanol/water partition coefficient KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Water Pollution KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Brackish KW - Pollution effects KW - Metabolites KW - Freshwater KW - Water pollution KW - Pisces KW - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Aquatic Environment KW - Analytical techniques KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Fish KW - Chemical properties KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17373323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Kow+Values+for+a+Series+of+Aryl+Glucuronides&rft.au=Kuehl%2C+D+W%3BChristensen%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kuehl&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=0109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001289900955 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Ecotoxicology; Analytical techniques; Pollution effects; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Chemical properties; Pisces; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; Metabolites; Water pollution; Water Pollution; Hydrocarbons; Aquatic Environment; Fish; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900955 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytosol is required for the modulation by dietary casein of the hepatic microsomal activation of aflatoxin B1 to mutagenic metabolites detectable in Salmonella AN - 17346731; 4618743 AB - We have shown previously that dietary protein (casein) levels can affect the ability of rat liver S9 to metabolize aflatoxin B1 (AFB) as well as other promutagens detectable in Salmonella strain TA98 [Mutat. Res. (1997), 360, 115-126 and 127-143]. The mutagenic potency of AFB was greatest when metabolized by the Aroclor 1254-induced hepatic S9 prepared from F344 male rats that consumed an isocaloric, semisynthetic diet for 6 weeks that contained an adequate (12%) level of methionine-supplemented casein as the sole protein source, compared with S9s from rats fed diets that contained nominally deficient (8%) or high (22%) levels of casein. Here we have extended this observation by performing (i) mutagenicity studies with microsomes, cytosols and reconstituted S9s (recombinations of microsomes and cytosols across dietary groups), and (ii) in vitro incubations followed by analysis of metabolites by fluorescence high-pressure liquid chromatography. Microsomes, but not cytosols, activated AFB; however, activation to the level observed with S9 occurred only when microsomes from the rats fed 12% casein were combined with cytosols from any dietary group. Consistent with the mutagenicity results, the greatest metabolism of the AFB parent compound and the highest level of the glutathione conjugate of the presumptively identified AFB-exo-8,9-epoxide (the ultimate mutagenic form of AFB) were produced by S9s from the rats fed the 12% casein diet. The levels of these metabolites and the mutagenicity of AFB changed in parallel with changes in dietary casein levels. In summary, cytosolic elements, which are not affected by dietary casein levels, interact with microsomal enzymes, which are modulated by dietary casein levels, to influence the ability of hepatic S9 to activate AFB to a mutagen. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Woodall, GM Jr AU - Dauterman, W C AU - Hagler, WM Jr AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, demarini.david@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 365 EP - 373 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - casein KW - methionine KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - Casein KW - Mycotoxins KW - Salmonella KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17346731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Cytosol+is+required+for+the+modulation+by+dietary+casein+of+the+hepatic+microsomal+activation+of+aflatoxin+B1+to+mutagenic+metabolites+detectable+in+Salmonella&rft.au=Woodall%2C+GM+Jr%3BDauterman%2C+W+C%3BHagler%2C+WM+Jr%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Woodall&rft.aufirst=GM&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Casein; Mycotoxins; Aflatoxin B1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic: Health effects, mechanisms of actions, and research issues AN - 17321911; 4590326 AB - A meeting on the health effects of arsenic (As), its modes of action, and areas in need of future research was held in Hunt Valley, Maryland, on 22-24 September 1997. Exposure to As in drinking water has been associated with the development of skin and internal cancers and noncarcinogenic effects such as diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. There is little data on specific mechanism(s) of action for As, but a great deal of information on possible modes of action. Although arsenite [As(III)] can inhibit more than 200 enzymes, events underlying the induction of the noncarcinogenic effects of As are not understood. With respect to carcinogenicity, As can affect DNA repair, methylation of DNA, and increase radical formation and activation of the protooncogene c-myc, but none of these potential pathways have widespread acceptance as the principal etiologic event. In addition, there are no accepted models for the study of As-induced carcinogenesis. At the final meeting session we considered research needs. Among the most important areas cited were a) AS metabolism and its interaction with cellular constituents; b) possible bioaccumulation of As; c) interactions with other metals; d) effects of As on genetic material; e) development of animal models and cell systems to study effects of As; and f) a better characterization of human exposures as related to health risks. Some of the barriers to the advancement of As research included an apparent lack of interest in the United States on As research; lack of relevant animal models; difficulty with adoption of uniform methodologies; lack of accepted biomarkers; and the need for a central storage repository for stored specimens. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Abernathy, C O AU - Liu, Yung-Pin AU - Longfellow, D AU - Aposhian, H V AU - Beck, B AU - Fowler, B AU - Goyer, R AU - Menzer, R AU - Rossman, T AU - Thompson, C AU - Waalkes, M AD - Office of Science and Technology (4304), Room 1037 East Tower, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC, 20460-0001, USA, abernathy.charles@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 593 EP - 597 VL - 107 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - c-Myc gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Cardiovascular system KW - Animal models KW - Environmental health KW - Public health KW - Carcinogenicity KW - DNA methylation KW - Arsenic KW - Conferences KW - DNA repair KW - DNA KW - X 24165:Biochemistry KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17321911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Arsenic%3A+Health+effects%2C+mechanisms+of+actions%2C+and+research+issues&rft.au=Abernathy%2C+C+O%3BLiu%2C+Yung-Pin%3BLongfellow%2C+D%3BAposhian%2C+H+V%3BBeck%2C+B%3BFowler%2C+B%3BGoyer%2C+R%3BMenzer%2C+R%3BRossman%2C+T%3BThompson%2C+C%3BWaalkes%2C+M&rft.aulast=Abernathy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenicity; Conferences; DNA; Cardiovascular system; Environmental health; Animal models; Public health; Arsenic; DNA repair; DNA methylation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The bright and dark sides of environmental risk management AN - 17317866; 4595079 AB - Risk-based decision making (RBDM) is a set of practical, technically defensible and consistent activities (i.e., site investigation, exposure/risk assessment) and solutions (i.e., risk management options such as engineering controls and/or land use and access controls) that help to manage a site cleanup cost effectively. It advocates the combination of "best management practices" with "best available technology" to protect public health, water quality and the environment. RBDM has four main elements: site assessment, exposure/risk assessment, risk management, and environmental policy and regulation. JF - Strategic Environmental Management AU - Morse, SI AU - Arulanantham, R AD - Toxics Cleanup Division, San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, CA, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 369 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1097-1823, 1097-1823 KW - decision making KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Water quality KW - Public health KW - Environment management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17317866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Strategic+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=The+bright+and+dark+sides+of+environmental+risk+management&rft.au=Morse%2C+SI%3BArulanantham%2C+R&rft.aulast=Morse&rft.aufirst=SI&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Strategic+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=10971823&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environment management; Water quality; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors influencing in vitro killing of bacteria by hemocytes of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) AN - 17303308; 4567974 AB - A tetrazolium dye reduction assay was used to study factors governing the killing of bacteria by oyster hemocytes. In vitro tests were performed on bacterial strains by using hemocytes from oysters collected from the same location in winter and summer. Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, altered in motility or colonial morphology (opaque and translucent), and Listeria monocytogenes mutants lacking catalase, superoxide dismutase, hemolysin, and phospholipase activities were examined in winter and summer. Vibrio vulnificus strains, opaque and translucent (with and without capsules), were examined only in summer. Among V. parahaemolyticus and L. monocytogenes, significantly (P 0.05) in killing by hemocytes were observed between opaque (encapsulated) and translucent (nonencapsulated) pairs of V. vulnificus. Activities of 19 hydrolytic enzymes were measured in oyster hemolymph collected in winter and summer. Only one enzyme, esterase (C4), showed a seasonal difference in activity (higher in winter than in summer). These results suggest that differences existed between bacterial genera in their ability to evade killing by oyster hemocytes, that a trait(s) associated with the opaque phenotype may have enabled V. parahaemolyticus to evade killing by the oyster's cellular defense, and that bactericidal activity of hemocytes was greater in summer than in winter. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Genthner, F J AU - Volety, A K AU - Oliver, L M AU - Fisher, W S AD - U.S. EPA, 1 Sabine Island Dr., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-5299, USA, genthner.fredpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 3015 EP - 3020 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Eastern oyster KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Shellfish culture KW - Immunity KW - Oyster culture KW - Disease resistance KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - fish diseases KW - Fish diseases KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - Hemocytes KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Seasonal variations KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Q4 27320:Shellfish culture (mollusks, crustacea) KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17303308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Factors+influencing+in+vitro+killing+of+bacteria+by+hemocytes+of+the+Eastern+oyster+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29&rft.au=Genthner%2C+F+J%3BVolety%2C+A+K%3BOliver%2C+L+M%3BFisher%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Genthner&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shellfish culture; Fish diseases; Disease resistance; Oyster culture; Immunity; Seasonal variations; fish diseases; Hemocytes; Listeria monocytogenes; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Crassostrea virginica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gestational Exposure to Chlorpyrifos: Comparative Distribution of Trichloropyridinol in the Fetus and Dam AN - 17293640; 4553206 AB - Chlorpyrifos (O,O'-diethyl O-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl] phosphorothionate) is a commonly used anticholinesterase insecticide, and therefore the potential for human exposure is high. The present time course and dose response studies were conducted to delineate the toxicokinetics of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites in the pregnant rat and fetus. Time-pregnant, Long-Evans rats were treated orally with chlorpyrifos during late gestation (Gestational Days 14-18). Following euthanasia the level of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites, chlorpyrifos-oxon and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), were measured in both fetal and maternal brain and liver (limits of quantitation: 59.2, 28.8, and 14.0 ng/g tissue, respectively). In addition, cholinesterase inhibition was also measured in the same tissues for comparison. TCP was the only component detected. The highest level of TCP and the lowest level of cholinesterase activity showed the same time of peak effect: 5 h after the last dose. The concentration of TCP in the maternal liver was approximately fivefold higher than the TCP concentration in fetal liver, but, paradoxically, the concentration of TCP in the fetal brain was two- to fourfold higher than the TCP concentration in the maternal brain. The half-life of the TCP was identical in all tissues examined (12-15 h). These toxicokinetic results suggest that the fetal nervous system may be exposed to a higher concentration of chlorpyrifos than the maternal nervous system when the dam is orally exposed to chlorpyrifos during late gestation. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Hunter, D L AU - Lassiter, T L AU - Padilla, S AD - Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Branch, Neurotoxicology Division, Mail Drop 74-B, National Health Effects and Ecological Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711., hunter.deborah@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 16 EP - 23 PB - Academic Press VL - 158 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Trichloropyridinol KW - chlorpyrifos KW - rats KW - trichloropyridinol KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Nervous system KW - Insecticides KW - Dose-response effects KW - Gestation KW - Brain KW - Intrauterine exposure KW - Fetuses KW - Pregnancy KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Liver KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24133:Metabolism KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17293640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Gestational+Exposure+to+Chlorpyrifos%3A+Comparative+Distribution+of+Trichloropyridinol+in+the+Fetus+and+Dam&rft.au=Hunter%2C+D+L%3BLassiter%2C+T+L%3BPadilla%2C+S&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.1999.8689 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fetuses; Pregnancy; Liver; Brain; Rats; Dose-response effects; Insecticides; Toxicity testing; Chlorpyrifos; Intrauterine exposure; Gestation; Nervous system DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1999.8689 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Criteria for evaluation of proposed protozoan detection methods AN - 17289037; 4522825 AB - There has been a proliferation of techniques and methods reported for analysis of water samples to determine the presence of the protozoan pathogens Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. Many of the proposed methods are presented as complete procedures, which include sampling, processing, staining, or detection steps while other methods are not complete. Some proposed methods have been extensively tested in multi-laboratory settings, however, others are still in the developmental stage. A set of evaluation criteria has been developed to evaluate the many proposed methods. These criteria have been applied as an example, to an existing method. These criteria should be useful to individuals attempting to evaluate methods developed for detecting protozoa in water, and conversely, they should serve as a guideline for individuals interested in developing methods, allowing them to gather data with and about their methods, and present this data in a manner that is both logical and easily evaluated. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Lindquist, HDA AU - Dufour AU - Wymer, L J AU - Schaefer III, FW AD - Microbiological and Chemical Exposure Research Division, National Environmental Research Laboratory, US EPA, 26 W. M.L. King Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 33 EP - 43 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - Giardia lamblia KW - detection KW - methodology KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water sampling KW - Pathogens KW - Giardiasis KW - Staining KW - Microbial contamination KW - Water analysis KW - Analytical methods KW - Giardia KW - Cryptosporidiosis KW - Protozoa KW - Cryptosporidium KW - Sampling methods KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - K 03071:Protozoa UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17289037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Criteria+for+evaluation+of+proposed+protozoan+detection+methods&rft.au=Lindquist%2C+HDA%3BDufour%3BWymer%2C+L+J%3BSchaefer+III%2C+FW&rft.aulast=Lindquist&rft.aufirst=HDA&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2899%2900039-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidiosis; Protozoa; Water sampling; Microbial contamination; Staining; Giardiasis; Pathogens; Water analysis; Sampling methods; Analytical methods; Giardia; Cryptosporidium; Giardia lamblia; Cryptosporidium parvum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(99)00039-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retention of sulfur dioxide by nylon filters AN - 16123619; 4561373 AB - Based on laboratory studies, recovery efficiencies of sulfur dioxide (SO sub(2)) were determined for nylon filters. The nylon filters used in these experiments were found to retain SO sub(2). A relatively uniform amount (1.7%) was recoverable from each nylon filter, independent of relative humidity. An appreciable portion of SO sub(2) was unrecoverable, and this increased from 5 to 16% as the RH increased from 28 to 49%. This unrecoverable SO sub(2) may account for previous reports of a low bias for SO sub(2) determinations employing filter packs using nylon filters. Additional characterization of nylon filters is recommended prior to their future deployment as an integrative sampling medium for ambient air. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Sickles, JE II AU - Hodson, L L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, MD-56, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, sickles.joseph@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 2423 EP - 2426 VL - 33 IS - 15 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - nylon filters KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Filters KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Air sampling KW - Humidity KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16123619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Retention+of+sulfur+dioxide+by+nylon+filters&rft.au=Sickles%2C+JE+II%3BHodson%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Sickles&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2898%2900426-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Sulfur dioxide; Air sampling; Humidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00426-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intercomparison of nocturnal mixing height estimate methods for urban air pollution modelling AN - 16123606; 4561368 AB - One of the most important meteorological input parameters for three-dimensional photochemical air pollution models is the mixing height h, which has a strong influence on the shape and intensity of the vertical diffusivity K sub(z) and, as a consequence, on ground-level air concentrations of primary and secondary pollutants. A number of indirect algorithms for the estimate of h in nocturnal, stable conditions, when the mixing is dominated by mechanical turbulence, are reviewed and compared with mixing heights derived from wind (SODAR) and temperature (RASS) profiles measured in the Milan urban area during spring and summer 1996. Mixing heights derived from temperature soundings correlate positively with those derived from wind soundings only when a stable layer is superimposed to a quasi-adiabatic layer, while the correlation is very weak in the presence of a ground-based inversion. In general, indirect algorithms perform very poorly if compared with RASS-based estimates, and reasonably well if compared with SODAR-based estimates. Among the others, Benkley and Schulman (1979, Journal of Applied Meteorology 18, 772-780) method, which makes use of wind speed observed at 10 m height, and Nieuwstadt (1984, Boundary-Layer Meteorology 30, 31-55), which makes use of friction velocity and Monin-Obukhov length, give the best results. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Lena, F AU - Desiato, F AD - Agenzia Nazionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente (ANPA), (National Environmental Protection Agency), Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 - 00144 Roma, Italy, lena@aosf01.anpa.it Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 2385 EP - 2393 VL - 33 IS - 15 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Italy, Milan KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Temperature KW - Photochemicals KW - Meteorology KW - Seasonal variations KW - Wind KW - Urban areas KW - Air pollution measurements KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16123606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Intercomparison+of+nocturnal+mixing+height+estimate+methods+for+urban+air+pollution+modelling&rft.au=Lena%2C+F%3BDesiato%2C+F&rft.aulast=Lena&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2898%2900398-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photochemicals; Temperature; Meteorology; Seasonal variations; Wind; Air pollution measurements; Urban areas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00398-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptations of wild populations of the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus to persistent environmental contaminants AN - 17579952; 4549429 AB - Many aquatic species, including the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichogs), adapt to local environmental conditions. We conducted studies to evaluate whether highly exposed populations of mummichogs adapt to toxic environmental contaminants. These fish populations are indigenous to an urban estuary contaminated with persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants (dioxin-like compounds, or DLCs) that are particularly toxic to the early development of fish. We conducted laboratory challenge experiments to compare mummichog embryos and larvae from reference sites and this highly contaminated site [New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts, USA] for their sensitivity to DLCs. While there was variation in DLC-responsiveness within each group, fish from NBH were profoundly less sensitive to DLCs than reference fish. Specifically, concentrations of DLCs similar to those measured in NBH-collected mummichog eggs were lethal to reference embryos. Further, DLC-responsiveness was inherited and independent of maternal contaminant contributions. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that DLC contamination in NBH has contributed to the selection of fish that are resistant to the short-term toxic effects of these environmental-contaminant exposures. This adaptation may be a critical mechanism by which fish populations persist in this highly contaminated site. Further evaluation of this ecosystem may provide important information concerning the direct and indirect consequences of this "unnatural selection. JF - Marine Biology AU - Nacci, D AU - Coiro, L AU - Champlin, D AU - Jayaraman, S AU - McKinney, R AU - Gleason, T R AU - Munns, WRJr AU - Specker, J L AU - Cooper, K R AD - USA Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, nacci.diane@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06/16/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 16 SP - 9 EP - 17 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 0025-3162, 0025-3162 KW - Dioxin-like compounds KW - Mummichog KW - Fundulus heteroclitus KW - USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Estuarine Environment KW - Pollution effects KW - Fish larvae KW - Toxicity tolerance KW - Fish Eggs KW - Lethal Effects KW - Exposure KW - Embryos KW - Chemical pollution KW - Brackishwater fish KW - Adaptations KW - Larvae KW - Brackish KW - Toxicity KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford, New Bedford Harbor KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Fish KW - Chemical pollutants KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17579952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Biology&rft.atitle=Adaptations+of+wild+populations+of+the+estuarine+fish+Fundulus+heteroclitus+to+persistent+environmental+contaminants&rft.au=Nacci%2C+D%3BCoiro%2C+L%3BChamplin%2C+D%3BJayaraman%2C+S%3BMcKinney%2C+R%3BGleason%2C+T+R%3BMunns%2C+WRJr%3BSpecker%2C+J+L%3BCooper%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Nacci&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-16&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Biology&rft.issn=00253162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002270050520 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fundulus heteroclitus; Water Pollution Effects; Exposure; Fish; Estuarine Environment; Bioaccumulation; Fish Eggs; Lethal Effects; Toxicity; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford, New Bedford Harbor; Embryos; Larvae; Pollution effects; Chemical pollution; Brackishwater fish; Toxicity tolerance; Chemical pollutants; Fish larvae; Adaptations; Estuarine organisms; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050520 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water analysis. AN - 69852863; 10384783 JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Richardson, S D AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. Y1 - 1999/06/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 15 SP - 181R EP - 215R VL - 71 IS - 12 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drinking KW - Waste Management KW - Water Purification -- methods KW - Water -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Water Microbiology -- standards KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Water Supply -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69852863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Water+analysis.&rft.au=Richardson%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-06-15&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=181R&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calculating the interindividual geometric standard deviation for use in the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children. AN - 85260575; pmid-10339449 AB - The integrated exposure uptake biokinetic (IEUBK) model, recommended for use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at residential Superfund sites to predict potential risks to children from lead exposure and to establish lead remediation levels, requires an interindividual geometric standard deviation (GSDi) as an essential input parameter. The GSDi quantifies the variability of blood lead concentrations for children exposed to similar environmental concentrations of lead. Estimates of potential risks are directly related to the GSDi, and therefore the GSDi directly impacts the scope of remediation at Superfund sites. Site-specific GSDi can be calculated for sites where blood lead and environmental lead have been measured. This paper uses data from blood and environmental lead studies conducted at the Bingham Creek and Sandy, Utah, Superfund sites to calculate GSDi using regression modeling, box modeling, and structural equation modeling. GSDis were calculated using various methods for treating values below the analytical method detection and quantitation limits. Treatment of nonquantifiable blood lead concentrations affected the GSDi more than the statistical method used to calculate the GSDi. For any given treatment, the different statistical methods produced similar GSDis. Because of the uncertainties associated with data in the blood lead studies, we recommend that a range of GSDis be used when analyzing site-specific risks associated with exposure to environmental lead instead of a single estimate. Because the different statistical methods produce similar GSDis, we recommend a simple procedure to calculate site-specific GSDi from a scientifically sound blood and environmental lead study. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Griffin, S AU - Marcus, A AU - Schulz, T AU - Walker, S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII, Denver, Colorado, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 481 EP - 487 VL - 107 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Regression Analysis KW - Human KW - Algorithms KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Child KW - Utah KW - Models, Biological KW - Lead UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85260575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Calculating+the+interindividual+geometric+standard+deviation+for+use+in+the+integrated+exposure+uptake+biokinetic+model+for+lead+in+children.&rft.au=Griffin%2C+S%3BMarcus%2C+A%3BSchulz%2C+T%3BWalker%2C+S&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-induction of pyrene and phenanthrene in a Mycobacterium sp. isolated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated river sediments. AN - 69974957; 10453479 AB - A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading culture enriched from contaminated river sediments and a Mycobacterium sp. isolated from the enrichment were tested to investigate the possible synergistic and antagonistic interactions affecting the degradation of pyrene in the presence of low molecular weight PAHs. The Mycobacterium sp. was able to mineralize 63% of the added pyrene when it was present as a sole source of carbon and energy. When the enrichment culture and the isolated bacterium were exposed to phenanthrene, de novo protein synthesis was not required for the rapid mineralization of pyrene, which reached 52% in chloramphenicol-treated cultures and 44% in the absence of the protein inhibitor. In the presence of chloramphenicol, < 1% of the added pyrene was mineralized by the mixed culture after exposure to anthracene and naphthalene. These compounds did not inhibit pyrene utilization when present at the same time as pyrene. Concurrent mineralization of pyrene and phenanthrene after exposure to either compound was observed. Cross-acclimation between ring classes of PAHs may be a potentially important interaction influencing the biodegradation of aromatic compounds in contaminated environments. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Molina, M AU - Araujo, R AU - Hodson, R E AD - Ecosystems Research Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. molina.marirosa@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 520 EP - 529 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Aromatic KW - Phenanthrenes KW - Pyrenes KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - phenanthrene KW - 448J8E5BST KW - pyrene KW - 9E0T7WFW93 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fresh Water -- microbiology KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism KW - Phenanthrenes -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- growth & development KW - Geologic Sediments -- microbiology KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- isolation & purification KW - Hydrocarbons, Aromatic -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69974957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.atitle=Cross-induction+of+pyrene+and+phenanthrene+in+a+Mycobacterium+sp.+isolated+from+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+contaminated+river+sediments.&rft.au=Molina%2C+M%3BAraujo%2C+R%3BHodson%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Molina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=520&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of benchmark dose methodology with acute inhalation lethality data. AN - 69861653; 10388612 AB - Benchmark dose methodology has been proposed as a refinement to the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) methods currently used for health risk assessments. We compared log-normal probit and quantal Weibull benchmark concentration (BMC) estimates using 1, 5, and 10% response incidences with inhalation toxicity NOAELs and LOAELs from 120 acute lethality data sets. These studies yielded relatively steep dose-response slopes, which in turn influenced the suitability of selecting response incidences. The mean magnitude of difference between the 95% lower confidence limits (LCLs) for 1, 5, or 10% BMCs and corresponding NOAELs was less than twofold using the probit model and less than fourfold using the Weibull model. BMC estimates at the 10% response exceeded the observed LOAEL in some cases. Maximum likelihood estimates for doses with 1, 5, or 10% responses frequently exceeded LOAELs. The probit model repeatedly gave a better fit for the data compared with the Weibull model, resulting in improved goodness of fit tests and reduced 95% confidence intervals. The 95% LCL appears to be necessary at the 1, 5, or 10% response levels in order to safely estimate a concentration below that resulting in a LOAEL. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Fowles, J R AU - Alexeeff, G V AU - Dodge, D AD - California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Cal/EPA, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, California 94612, USA. jeff.fowles@esr.cri.nz Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 262 EP - 278 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Sex Factors KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Dogs KW - Algorithms KW - Rabbits KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Toxicology -- standards KW - Aerosols -- toxicity KW - Aerosols -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69861653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=The+use+of+benchmark+dose+methodology+with+acute+inhalation+lethality+data.&rft.au=Fowles%2C+J+R%3BAlexeeff%2C+G+V%3BDodge%2C+D&rft.aulast=Fowles&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of aldicarb and methamidophos neurotoxicity at different ages in the rat: behavioral and biochemical parameters. AN - 69827461; 10366542 AB - Young organisms are often more sensitive to the toxic effects of pesticides, and this finding has spurred research on further characterization of this susceptibility. The neurotoxic effects of cholinesterase (ChE)-inhibiting pesticides are of particular concern for human health risk assessment due to the widespread exposure potential in children. This study evaluated age-related differences in susceptibility for a carbamate (aldicarb) and an organophosphorus pesticide (methamidophos). Comparisons were made between preweanling (Postnatal Day 17, PND17), postweanling (PND27), and adult (approximately PND70) male and female rats. All were acute studies using oral administration. Sensitivity was quantified by (1) determination of maximally-tolerated doses (MTDs); (2) measurement of brain and blood ChE inhibition; and (3) neurobehavioral evaluation using end points known to be sensitive indicators of exposure to anticholinesterases. MTD data showed that preweanling rats were twice as sensitive as adults to aldicarb, but there was no differential sensitivity to methamidophos. The dose-response data for brain ChE inhibition followed a similar pattern of age-related differences, and similar levels of inhibition were measured at the MTD regardless of age. Dose-response and time course studies of neurobehavioral end points indicated that differential effects due to age depend on the behavioral end point examined. Following aldicarb administration, the dose-response curves for a few end points overlapped; however, the young rats otherwise showed fewer signs of toxicity than did the adults despite similar levels of brain ChE inhibition. Motor activity assessment showed that aldicarb did not produce any activity depression in PND17 rats, whereas the data for the PND27 and adult rats overlapped. With methamidophos, the dose-response curves for most end points for preweanling and adult rats were quite similar. Aldicarb-induced ChE inhibition was readily reversible in all age groups, whereas with methamidophos, enzyme activity recovered more rapidly in the young. Most behavioral alterations had recovered by 24 h with either pesticide. The results of these studies indicate that (1) ChE-inhibiting pesticides are not all the same regarding relative sensitivity of the young; (2) age-related differences were reflected in both the MTDs and degree of ChE inhibition; and (3) age-related differences in neurobehavioral measures depended on the pesticide and on the end points examined. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Moser, V C AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/06/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 01 SP - 94 EP - 106 VL - 157 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - Aldicarb KW - 8V071SH05P KW - methamidophos KW - 8Z083FM94W KW - Cholinesterases KW - EC 3.1.1.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Ataxia -- chemically induced KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Tremor -- chemically induced KW - Rats KW - Cholinesterases -- metabolism KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Gait -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Aldicarb -- toxicity KW - Aldicarb -- blood KW - Aldicarb -- administration & dosage KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Aging KW - Nervous System -- metabolism KW - Nervous System -- growth & development KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- blood KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69827461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+aldicarb+and+methamidophos+neurotoxicity+at+different+ages+in+the+rat%3A+behavioral+and+biochemical+parameters.&rft.au=Moser%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Dec 15;161(3):302-5 [10620488] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Thirteenth Aspen Cancer Conference: workshop on mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenesis. AN - 69819898; 10365911 JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Nesnow, S AU - Cavanee, W AU - Gilmer, T M AU - Kaufman, D G AU - Slaga, T J AU - Hohman, R AU - Bishop, J M AU - Poirier, M C AU - Harris, C C AU - Trump, B F AU - Yuspa, S H AU - Pfeifer, A M AU - Sherman, M I AU - Tennant, R Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 99 EP - 106 VL - 25 IS - 2 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69819898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Thirteenth+Aspen+Cancer+Conference%3A+workshop+on+mechanisms+of+toxicity+and+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BCavanee%2C+W%3BGilmer%2C+T+M%3BKaufman%2C+D+G%3BSlaga%2C+T+J%3BHohman%2C+R%3BBishop%2C+J+M%3BPoirier%2C+M+C%3BHarris%2C+C+C%3BTrump%2C+B+F%3BYuspa%2C+S+H%3BPfeifer%2C+A+M%3BSherman%2C+M+I%3BTennant%2C+R&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory epithelial cells demonstrate lactoferrin receptors that increase after metal exposure. AN - 69814883; 10362717 AB - Human airway epithelial cells can increase expression of both lactoferrin and ferritin after exposure to catalytically active metal. These proteins transport and store metal, with coordination sites fully complexed, and therefore can diminish the oxidative stress. The intracellular transport of lactoferrin results in a transfer of complexed metal to ferritin, where it is stored in a less reactive form. This effort to control the injurious properties of metals would be facilitated by lactoferrin receptors (LfRs) on airway epithelial cells. We tested the hypotheses that 1) LfRs exist on respiratory epithelial cells and 2) exposure to both an air pollution particle, which has abundant concentrations of metals, and individual metal salts increase the expression of LfRs. Before exposure to either the particle or metals, incubation of BEAS-2B cells with varying concentrations of 125I-labeled lactoferrin demonstrated lactoferrin binding that was saturable. Measurement of 125I-lactoferrin binding after the inclusion of 100 micrograms/ml of oil fly ash in the incubation medium demonstrated increased binding within 5 min of exposure, which reached a maximal value at 45 min. Inclusion of 1.0 mM deferoxamine in the incubation of BEAS-2B cells with 100 micrograms/ml of oil fly ash decreased lactoferrin binding. Comparable to the particle, exposure of BEAS-2B cells to either 1.0 mM vanadyl sulfate or 1.0 mM iron (III) sulfate, but not to nickel sulfate, for 45 min elevated LfR activity. We conclude that LfRs on respiratory epithelial cells increased after exposure to metal. LfRs could participate in decreasing the oxidative stress presented to the lower respiratory tract by complexing catalytically active metals. JF - The American journal of physiology AU - Ghio, A J AU - Carter, J D AU - Dailey, L A AU - Devlin, R B AU - Samet, J M AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. ghio.andy@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - L933 EP - L940 VL - 276 IS - 6 Pt 1 SN - 0002-9513, 0002-9513 KW - Chelating Agents KW - 0 KW - Coal Ash KW - Culture Media KW - Metals KW - Particulate Matter KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - Receptors, Cell Surface KW - lactoferrin receptors KW - Vanadium KW - 00J9J9XKDE KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Lactoferrin KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Deferoxamine KW - J06Y7MXW4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollution KW - Carbon -- pharmacology KW - Iron -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Culture Media -- pharmacology KW - Epithelial Cells -- metabolism KW - Chelating Agents -- pharmacology KW - Deferoxamine -- pharmacology KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Iron -- administration & dosage KW - Vanadium -- pharmacology KW - Lactoferrin -- metabolism KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Culture Media -- chemistry KW - Receptors, Cell Surface -- metabolism KW - Metals -- pharmacology KW - Bronchi -- cytology KW - Bronchi -- metabolism KW - Bronchi -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Cell Surface -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69814883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.atitle=Respiratory+epithelial+cells+demonstrate+lactoferrin+receptors+that+increase+after+metal+exposure.&rft.au=Ghio%2C+A+J%3BCarter%2C+J+D%3BDailey%2C+L+A%3BDevlin%2C+R+B%3BSamet%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Ghio&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=6+Pt+1&rft.spage=L933&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.issn=00029513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a major mutagenic oxidative DNA lesion, and DNA strand breaks in nasal respiratory epithelium of children exposed to urban pollution. AN - 69780261; 10339447 AB - Southwest metropolitan Mexico City children are repeatedly exposed to high levels of a complex mixture of air pollutants, including ozone, particulate matter, aldehydes, metals, and nitrogen oxides. We explored nasal cell 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a major mutagenic lesion producing G-->T transversion mutations, using an immunohistochemical method, and DNA single strand breaks (ssb) using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay as biomarkers of oxidant exposure. Nasal biopsies from the posterior inferior turbinate were examined in children in grades one through five, including 12 controls from a low-polluted coastal town and 87 Mexico City children. Each biopsy was divided for the 8-OHdG and DNA ssb assays. There was an age-dependent increase in the percentage of nasal cells with DNA tails > 10 microm in Mexico City children: 19 +/- 9% for control cells, and 43 +/- 4, 50 +/- 16, 56 +/- 17, 60 +/- 17 and 73 +/- 14%, respectively, for first through fifth graders (p < 0.05). Nasal ssb were significantly higher in fifth graders than in first graders (p < 0.05). Higher levels (2.3- to 3-fold) of specific nuclear staining for 8-OHdG were observed in exposed children as compared to controls (p < 0.05). These results suggest that DNA damage is present in nasal epithelial cells in Mexico City children. Persistent oxidative DNA damage may ultimately result in a selective growth of pr eneoplastic nasal initiated cells in this population and the potential for nasal neoplasms may increase with age. The combination of 8-OHdG and DNA ssb should be useful for monitoring oxidative damage in people exposed to polluted atmospheres. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Calderón-Garcidueñas, L AU - Wen-Wang, L AU - Zhang, Y J AU - Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A AU - Osnaya, N AU - Villarreal-Calderón, A AU - Santella, R M AD - Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. calderon.lilian@epamial.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 469 EP - 474 VL - 107 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine KW - 88847-89-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Mexico KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Humans KW - Epithelium -- metabolism KW - Child KW - Urban Population KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Cell Survival KW - Nasal Mucosa -- pathology KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Oxidative Stress -- genetics KW - Nasal Mucosa -- drug effects KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69780261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=8-hydroxy-2%27-deoxyguanosine%2C+a+major+mutagenic+oxidative+DNA+lesion%2C+and+DNA+strand+breaks+in+nasal+respiratory+epithelium+of+children+exposed+to+urban+pollution.&rft.au=Calder%C3%B3n-Garcidue%C3%B1as%2C+L%3BWen-Wang%2C+L%3BZhang%2C+Y+J%3BRodriguez-Alcaraz%2C+A%3BOsnaya%2C+N%3BVillarreal-Calder%C3%B3n%2C+A%3BSantella%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Calder%C3%B3n-Garcidue%C3%B1as&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mutat Res. 1997 Apr 29;375(2):183-93 [9202728] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Feb;104(2):160-8 [8820583] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Jul;18(7):1419-21 [9230290] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1997;30(1):11-20 [9258325] Mutat Res. 1997 Oct 31;380(1-2):27-31 [9385387] Mutat Res. 1997 Oct 31;380(1-2):77-96 [9385391] Mutat Res. 1997 Oct 31;380(1-2):125-41 [9385394] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Nov;18(11):2205-8 [9395222] Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1231-3 [3975611] Am J Pathol. 1987 Jul;128(1):29-44 [3605312] Exp Cell Res. 1988 Mar;175(1):184-91 [3345800] Mayo Clin Proc. 1988 Apr;63(4):390-408 [3280885] Free Radic Res Commun. 1989;7(3-6):121-8 [2684796] Arch Environ Health. 1990 Mar-Apr;45(2):80-7 [2185706] Mol Aspects Med. 1991;12(2):137-47 [2072822] Am J Pathol. 1992 Jan;140(1):225-32 [1731527] J Bacteriol. 1992 Oct;174(20):6321-5 [1328155] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1993;23(1):21-48 [8471159] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Sep 1;90(17):7915-22 [8367443] Trends Genet. 1993 Jul;9(7):246-9 [8379000] Mutat Res. 1994 Feb;317(1):25-42 [7507571] Free Radic Biol Med. 1994 Jan;16(1):111-5 [8299986] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 4:225-30 [8206037] Pharm Res. 1996 May;13(5):649-62 [8860419] J Mol Med (Berl). 1996 Jun;74(6):297-312 [8862511] J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1996 Apr;46(4):335-42 [8901275] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Nov;141(1):195-204 [8917692] Carcinogenesis. 1996 Nov;17(11):2525-7 [8968073] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Jan;18(1):97-105 [9054595] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Jan;18(1):185-92 [9054605] Biochem Soc Trans. 1997 Feb;25(1):326-31 [9056893] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Sep;105 Suppl 5:1089-93 [9400705] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Sep;105 Suppl 5:1279-83 [9400738] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Sep;105 Suppl 5:1291-6 [9400740] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Dec;18(12):2379-84 [9450485] Carcinogenesis. 1998 Feb;19(2):347-51 [9498287] Eur J Cancer Prev. 1998 Feb;7(1):9-16 [9511847] FEBS Lett. 1998 Feb 20;423(2):231-4 [9512363] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Feb;106 Suppl 1:289-95 [9539021] Lancet. 1994 Sep 24;344(8926):862-3 [7916406] Methods Cell Biol. 1994;41:15-38 [7861963] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Dec;102 Suppl 10:123-9 [7705286] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Dec;102 Suppl 10:85-90 [7705313] Mutat Res. 1995 Jun;329(1):29-36 [7770074] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jun 6;92(12):5258-65 [7777494] Carcinogenesis. 1995 Jun;16(6):1441-5 [7540513] Cancer Lett. 1995 Jun 29;93(1):113-20 [7600538] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1995 Aug;45(4):427-37 [7643430] FEBS Lett. 1995 Oct 30;374(2):233-6 [7589542] FEBS Lett. 1995 Nov 20;375(3):179-82 [7498494] Clin Chem. 1995 Dec;41(12 Pt 2):1819-28 [7497639] Biochem J. 1996 Jan 1;313 ( Pt 1):17-29 [8546679] Toxicol Lett. 1995 Dec;82-83:683-91 [8597127] Chest. 1996 Mar;109(3 Suppl):35S-39S [8598145] Carcinogenesis. 1996 May;17(5):1175-7 [8640932] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1996;27(3):185-95 [8625954] Cancer Res. 1996 Feb 15;56(4):683-8 [8630995] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Jul 5;224(1):17-22 [8694807] Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;20(6):859-64 [8728035] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 May;104 Suppl 3:441-3 [8781360] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 May;104 Suppl 3:465-9 [8781365] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 May;104 Suppl 3:569-77 [8781385] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 22;94(15):8016-20 [9223306] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breast Milk Monitoring Programs (BMMPs): world-wide early warning system for polyhalogenated POPs and for targeting studies in children's environmental health. AN - 69780194; 10339441 JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Hooper, K AD - Hazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 429 EP - 430 VL - 107 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Environmental Health KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Child Welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69780194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Breast+Milk+Monitoring+Programs+%28BMMPs%29%3A+world-wide+early+warning+system+for+polyhalogenated+POPs+and+for+targeting+studies+in+children%27s+environmental+health.&rft.au=Hooper%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Public Health. 1986 Feb;76(2):172-7 [3080910] Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1992;18(1-2):9-13 [1483367] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Jan;102 Suppl 1:173-85 [8187706] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Mar;103 Suppl 2:135-42 [7614935] Pediatr Res. 1996 Nov;40(5):671-9 [8910931] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Nov;105(11):1250-4 [9370517] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107(6):447-57 [10515712] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 May;106(5):273-7 [9520360] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106(12):797-806 [9831540] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jan;107(1):45-51 [9872716] Comment On: Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107(6):459-62 [10339445] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107(6):447-57 [10515712] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent developments in neurotoxicology. AN - 69502038; 11202991 JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - MacPhail, R C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. robert@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 519 EP - 521 VL - 11 IS - 6-7 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69502038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Recent+developments+in+neurotoxicology.&rft.au=MacPhail%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=MacPhail&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water analysis AN - 52409088; 2000-009277 JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC) AU - Richardson, Susan D Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 181 EP - 215 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 71 IS - 12 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - methods KW - water quality KW - sea water KW - medical geology KW - isotopes KW - waste water KW - regulations KW - watersheds KW - drinking water KW - nitrogen KW - ground water KW - geochemical indicators KW - Foraminifera KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Invertebrata KW - geochemistry KW - nitrite ion KW - heavy metals KW - water KW - hydrology KW - Protista KW - sulfates KW - Rotaliacea KW - pollutants KW - Ammonia KW - surface water KW - arsenic KW - Rotaliina KW - purification KW - pollution KW - nitrates KW - phosphorus KW - phosphates KW - hydrochemistry KW - inorganic materials KW - nutrients KW - organic compounds KW - metals KW - turbidity KW - carbonates KW - microorganisms KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52409088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%2C+DC%29&rft.atitle=Water+analysis&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Susan+D&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%2C+DC%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/38876 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 631 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - 10 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ammonia; arsenic; carbonates; drinking water; Foraminifera; geochemical indicators; geochemistry; ground water; heavy metals; hydrochemistry; hydrology; inorganic materials; Invertebrata; isotopes; medical geology; metals; methods; microorganisms; nitrates; nitrite ion; nitrogen; nutrients; organic compounds; phosphates; phosphorus; pollutants; pollution; Protista; purification; radioactive isotopes; regulations; Rotaliacea; Rotaliina; sea water; sulfates; surface water; turbidity; waste water; water; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of concentration and risk predictions in the PRESTO and MMSOILS multimedia models; regression technique assessment AN - 52380655; 2000-019678 JF - Risk Analysis AU - Mills, William B AU - Lew, Christine S AU - Hung, Cheng Y Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 511 EP - 525 PB - Society for Risk Analysis, New York-London VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - soils KW - PRESTO KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - spatial data KW - pollutants KW - Monte Carlo analysis KW - landfills KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - MMSOILS KW - migration of elements KW - chemical waste KW - radioactive waste KW - computer programs KW - interactive techniques KW - sensitivity analysis KW - waste disposal KW - regression analysis KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52380655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+concentration+and+risk+predictions+in+the+PRESTO+and+MMSOILS+multimedia+models%3B+regression+technique+assessment&rft.au=Mills%2C+William+B%3BLew%2C+Christine+S%3BHung%2C+Cheng+Y&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RIANDF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical waste; computer programs; concentration; data processing; interactive techniques; landfills; migration of elements; MMSOILS; monitoring; Monte Carlo analysis; pollutants; pollution; prediction; PRESTO; radioactive waste; regression analysis; sensitivity analysis; soils; spatial data; statistical analysis; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A commentary on GeoVRML; a tool for 3D representation of georeferenced data on the Web AN - 50893621; 2003-027234 JF - International Journal of Geographical Information Science AU - Rhyne, Theresa-Marie A2 - Kraak, Menno-Jan Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 439 EP - 443 PB - Taylor & Francis, London VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1365-8816, 1365-8816 KW - Global Positioning System KW - computer languages KW - data processing KW - cartographic projections KW - pixels KW - Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) KW - World Wide Web KW - computer programs KW - geography KW - GeoVRML KW - computer networks KW - Internet KW - coordinates KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50893621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Geographical+Information+Science&rft.atitle=A+commentary+on+GeoVRML%3B+a+tool+for+3D+representation+of+georeferenced+data+on+the+Web&rft.au=Rhyne%2C+Theresa-Marie&rft.aulast=Rhyne&rft.aufirst=Theresa-Marie&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Geographical+Information+Science&rft.issn=13658816&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/13658816.asp LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International Cartographic Association's Commission on Visualization meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cartographic projections; computer languages; computer networks; computer programs; coordinates; data processing; geography; GeoVRML; Global Positioning System; Internet; pixels; Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML); World Wide Web ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of episodic acidification in North-eastern USA; an empirical/mechanistic approach AN - 50461929; 2009-075435 JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Davies, T D AU - Tranter, M AU - Wigington, P J, Jr AU - Eshleman, K N AU - Peters, N E AU - Van Sickle, J AU - DeWalle, David R AU - Murdoch, P S Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 1181 EP - 1195 PB - Wiley, New York, NY VL - 13 IS - 8 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - United States KW - processes KW - programs KW - North America KW - monitoring KW - surface water KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - Appalachians KW - Eastern U.S. KW - Appalachian Plateau KW - Northeastern U.S. KW - New York KW - sampling KW - acidification KW - streams KW - Catskill Mountains KW - Pennsylvania KW - discharge KW - Adirondack Mountains KW - regression analysis KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50461929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+episodic+acidification+in+North-eastern+USA%3B+an+empirical%2Fmechanistic+approach&rft.au=Davies%2C+T+D%3BTranter%2C+M%3BWigington%2C+P+J%2C+Jr%3BEshleman%2C+K+N%3BPeters%2C+N+E%3BVan+Sickle%2C+J%3BDeWalle%2C+David+R%3BMurdoch%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/4125 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; Adirondack Mountains; Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; Catskill Mountains; discharge; Eastern U.S.; monitoring; New York; North America; Northeastern U.S.; Pennsylvania; pollution; prediction; processes; programs; regression analysis; sampling; statistical analysis; streams; surface water; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Concentration and Time of Day in Developing Ozone Exposure Indices for a Secondary Standard AN - 20627045; 4590670 AB - Evidence from exposure-response studies and a turbulent transfer model demonstrate that plant response is differential to concentration, duration, temporal pattern, and time of day of exposure. Reductions in productivity of crops and trees as seedlings are greater when plants are exposed to higher daytime ozone (O sub(3)) concentrations (0800-2000 hr standard time) or for longer durations. Primary evidence on the greater role of concentration comes from exposure-response experiments where plants are exposed to a series of pollutant concentrations in open-top chambers under field conditions. These studies demonstrate that the integrated exposure indices that give preferential weight to higher concentrations are better predictors of response than mean or peak indices. Evidence suggesting that mid-range O sub(3) concentrations (0.05-0.09 parts per million, ppm) play a greater role than higher concentrations (>0.09 ppm) in biological response could not be justified. The time of day when O sub(3) concentrations and atmospheric and stomatal conductances of gas exchange are optimal is a key to understanding plant response because plants respond only to O sub(3) entering the leaf via stomata. A turbulent transfer model that describes the resistance of pollutant gas exchange from the atmosphere to the boundary layer of a forest canopy, as a function of micrometeorological variables, is developed to determine when flux of O sub(3) is optimal. Based on meteorological and ambient air quality monitoring data at remote forest sites in the United States, it appears that O sub(3) flux densities to the forest boundary layer are optimal during the 0800-2000 hr window. It is concluded that descriptors of ambient air quality for use in setting a federal standard should (1) cumulate hourly O sub(3) concentrations, (2) give preferential weight to daytime concentrations between 0800 and 2000 hr, and (3) give preferential weight to higher O sub(3) concentrations. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Lee, E H AU - Hogsett, W E AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 669 EP - 681 VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution effects KW - Forests KW - Air quality standards KW - Dose-response effects KW - Boundary layers KW - Plants KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20627045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Role+of+Concentration+and+Time+of+Day+in+Developing+Ozone+Exposure+Indices+for+a+Secondary+Standard&rft.au=Lee%2C+E+H%3BHogsett%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air quality standards; Boundary layers; Dose-response effects; Plants; Forests; Pollution effects; Ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supernumerary ribs in developmental toxicity bioassays and in human populations: incidence and biological significance AN - 17726474; 6067651 AB - Supernumerary or accessory ribs (SNR), either lumbar (LR) or cervical (CR), are a common finding in standard developmental toxicology bioassays. The biological significance of these anomalies within the regulatory arena has been problematic and the subject of some debate. In rodents, the spontaneous incidence of SNR is species and strain related and ranges from -1% to 30%. Compound-induced LR are induced by a wide variety of chemical and physical agents when pregnant animals are exposed during specific gestational periods. A significant portion of the agent-induced LR may be due to maternal factors, as it has been shown that stress alone will induce LR in rodents. SNR are not isolated phenomena and signify basic alterations in the architecture of the axial skeleton. LR are associated with longer ribs, increased numbers of vertebrosternal ribs, and the presence of extra presacral vertebrae ('anteriorization'). CR are associated with reduced numbers of vertebrosternal ribs ('posteriorization'). It is evident that SNR are not a single anomaly, but consist of two unrelated structures: an extra rib that has a cartilaginous segment at the distal end, and an ossification site that lacks cartilage. These have a bimodal size distribution, with the population of extra ribs being significantly longer than the ossification sites, and 0.6 mm can be used as an approximate length for distinguishing the two populations in mice. Extra ribs are permanent structures in contrast to ossification sites that disappear postnatally, probably becoming part of the lateral transverse vertebral processes. SNR are also found in humans although, in contrast to laboratory species, CR are more commonly noted. SNR are associated with adverse heath effects, and CR with inducing thoracic outlet disease characterized by diminished blood flow and altered position of the ganglia and nerve roots in the area of the C7-T1 vertebrae. LR are associated with lower back pain and L4-5 degeneration. The incidence of CR is greatly reduced in adult humans as compared to fetuses, and it has been hypothesized that fetal'SNR'may be largely composed of ossification sites that disappear postnatally. The mechanisms involved in the formation of extra ribs are not understood at this time, although the fact that the early sensitive periods for their initiation during embryogenesis is coupled with the associated changes in the axial skeleton argues for their induction being due to fundamental changes in gene expression. The sum of the experimental evidence supports the idea of SNR being composed of two different structures: extra ribs that are permanent dysmorphological structures that may be induced by xenobiotics and/or maternal stress, and ossification sites that may be transient variations in the formation of the lateral processes of the vertebrae. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews AU - Chernoff, Neil AU - Rogers, John AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Reproductive Toxicology Division, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 437 EP - 449 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Supernumerary ribs KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cartilage KW - Stress KW - Pain KW - Xenobiotics KW - Toxicity KW - Fetuses KW - Vertebrae KW - Gene expression KW - Embryogenesis KW - Ossification KW - Blood flow KW - Reviews KW - Degeneration KW - Cervix KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17726474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Critical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Supernumerary+ribs+in+developmental+toxicity+bioassays+and+in+human+populations%3A+incidence+and+biological+significance&rft.au=Chernoff%2C+Neil%3BRogers%2C+John&rft.aulast=Chernoff&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Critical+Reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10937400490512447 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ossification; Vertebrae; Stress; Toxicity; Embryogenesis; Reviews; Xenobiotics; Degeneration; Cervix; Blood flow; Gene expression; Cartilage; Fetuses; Pain DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10937400490512447 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of a synergistic interaction between ozone and wheat leaf rust in wheat swards AN - 17455706; 4662377 AB - Ozone is an air pollutant regulated in the USA under the Clean Air Act. Increasingly, concerns have been raised regarding the interactions between ozone and pests, pathogens, and plant competition. This study was conducted to improve our understanding of plant responses to ozone in the presence of pathogens, and specifically to determine the effect that wheat leaf rust and ozone exposure had on wheat productivity. The study was conducted in open-top ozone exposure chambers in Corvallis, OR, using two cultivars of spring wheat (Twin and Yecora Rojo). Twin was grown at two densities. Two levels of ozone and three levels of disease were applied in all combinations, for a total of six treatments. The treatments were replicated twice and repeated over 2 years. Disease severity readings were taken three or four times during each growing season. At the completion of grain-fill, the plants were removed from the chambers and harvested. Wheat height and above-ground biomass generally decreased with ozone exposure and with increasing disease severity in both years, while total grain weight decreased significantly only with disease in 1997. There was no interaction between ozone and disease, regardless of cultivar, density, or the plant response variable measured. There was little evidence that ozone exposure affected the severity of wheat leaf rust. JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany AU - Pfleeger, T G AU - da Luz, MA AU - Mundt, C C AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, tom@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 195 EP - 207 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0098-8472, 0098-8472 KW - leaf rust KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Pollution effects KW - Ozone KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17455706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Lack+of+a+synergistic+interaction+between+ozone+and+wheat+leaf+rust+in+wheat+swards&rft.au=Pfleeger%2C+T+G%3Bda+Luz%2C+MA%3BMundt%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Pfleeger&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00988472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ozone; Air pollution; Pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary Survey of Chemical Contaminants in Water, Sediment, and Aquatic Biota at Selected Sites in Northeastern Florida Bay and Canal C-111 AN - 17428571; 4648744 AB - Several actions are under way to alter water management capabilities and practices in south Florida in order to restore a more natural hydroperiod for the Everglades. Because relatively little research has been conducted on contaminants entering Florida Bay, we undertook a preliminary study in June 1995 to determine contaminant concentrations in surface water, sediment, and biota prior to major changes in water management. The areas studied were the C-111 Canal (five sites) beginning just above water control structure S-197 and extending to Manatee Bay (part of the Biscayne Bay system), Shell Creek (three sites), the mouth of Taylor River, Trout Creek (two sites), and a site near the Key Largo Ranger Station. Hydrographic observations were made at each site, and samples of water and sediment were collected at each of the five areas except the Key Largo site. Bioresidues were determined for indigenous oysters collected from the C-111 canal and Shell Creek and for transplanted oysters exposed at the Key Largo site, the C-111 canal, Shell Creek, Taylor River, and Trout Creek for 5-29 days. Water samples were analyzed for selected organochlorine pesticides and metals; sediments were analyzed for the same compounds and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fish fillets and shucked oysters were analyzed for selected organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and metals. Other than low dissolved oxygen at some C-111 canal sites, water quality was generally good. Most contaminants were below water and sediment quality guidelines designed to protect aquatic life, and contaminant concentrations in oysters were low. Threshold effect levels were exceeded for some organochlorine pesticides and PAHs in some sediment samples, but all values measured were below probable effect levels. Low concentrations of organochlorine pesticides were detected in sediments from the C-111 canal, Shell Creek, Taylor River, and Trout Creek; except for Taylor River, low concentrations of PCB congeners and PAHs were detected from the same areas. The only organochlorine pesticide detected in filets from seven fish was 3.2 mu g DDE/kg (wet weight) in a sea catfish. Total mercury concentrations in fillets of four species of fishes ranged from 0.53 to 1.3 mu g/g, wet weight, which falls within a limited consumption advisory by the State of Florida. JF - Gulf of Mexico Science AU - Goodman, L R AU - Lewis, MA AU - Macauley, J M AU - Smith, R Jr AU - Moore, J C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-5299, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1 EP - 16 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 1087-688X, 1087-688X KW - USA, Florida KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Water sampling KW - Heavy metals KW - Human food KW - Pollution effects KW - Public health KW - Pisces KW - Marine fish KW - Biota KW - Chemical pollution KW - Seafood KW - PCB KW - Bays KW - Marine KW - Metals KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Pollution detection KW - Pollution surveys KW - Canals KW - Pesticides KW - Marine molluscs KW - Chemical pollutants KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Florida Bay KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17428571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+of+Mexico+Science&rft.atitle=Preliminary+Survey+of+Chemical+Contaminants+in+Water%2C+Sediment%2C+and+Aquatic+Biota+at+Selected+Sites+in+Northeastern+Florida+Bay+and+Canal+C-111&rft.au=Goodman%2C+L+R%3BLewis%2C+MA%3BMacauley%2C+J+M%3BSmith%2C+R+Jr%3BMoore%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gulf+of+Mexico+Science&rft.issn=1087688X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Pollution detection; Heavy metals; Human food; Pollution effects; Pollution surveys; Public health; Marine fish; Canals; Pesticides; Marine molluscs; Seafood; Chemical pollutants; PCB; Bays; Pisces; Metals; Biota; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Organochlorine compounds; Water sampling; Chemical pollution; ASW, USA, Florida, Florida Bay; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water quality and the replacement and repair of drinking water infrastructure: the Washington, DC case study AN - 17402542; 4627473 AB - A major challenge for society in the 21st century will be replacement, design and optimal management of urban infrastructure. It is estimated that the current world wide demand for infrastructure investment is approximately three trillion US dollars annually. Many developing countries are experiencing rapid growth, and developed countries are facing the need to replace old and obsolete infrastructure to meet existing and future requirements. Sustaining and expanding infrastructure has traditionally been viewed as related to the need for maintaining economic stability or for providing the basis for sustaining economic growth. However, infrastructure also has a major role in enhancing environmental quality and protecting public health. There is a need to reassess some of our assumptions concerning the way infrastructure is designed, built, utilised, maintained and renewed if we are to satisfy both the economic needs of communities while fulfilling environmental and public health objectives. Problems associated with ageing drinking water systems in the USA and their difficulty in complying with the increasingly stringent requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act provide an excellent example of this difficulty. Starting in September 1993 and lasting through to July 1996, the Washington, DC water supply system experienced a series of microbial violations under the Total Coliform Rule, which is part of the US Safe Drinking Water Act. The US Environmental Protection Agency assigned a team of Agency experts to work with the Washington, DC system to assess the problem and to make recommendations to bring it into compliance. The team suggested 26 major changes, including a US$200m capital investment programme, the development of a hydraulic and water quality model for the system, and a systematic flushing and valve turning programme. In addition, the DC government established a semi-autonomous water utility to operate the system. No new problems were experienced after the programme was initiated. JF - Aqua - Journal of Water Services Research and Technology AU - Clark, R M AU - Rizzo, G S AU - Belknap, JA AU - Cochrane, C AD - Water Supply & Water Resources Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 106 EP - 114 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0003-7214, 0003-7214 KW - infrastructure KW - USA, Washington, D.C. KW - USA, Washington, District of Columbia KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Potable Water KW - Environmental Quality KW - Microbial contamination KW - Water quality KW - Public health KW - Conveyance Structures KW - Public Health KW - Drinking Water KW - Water Policy KW - Economics KW - Water Quality KW - Water quality standards KW - Valves KW - Environmental quality KW - Flushing KW - Drinking water KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17402542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aqua+-+Journal+of+Water+Services+Research+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Water+quality+and+the+replacement+and+repair+of+drinking+water+infrastructure%3A+the+Washington%2C+DC+case+study&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BRizzo%2C+G+S%3BBelknap%2C+JA%3BCochrane%2C+C&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aqua+-+Journal+of+Water+Services+Research+and+Technology&rft.issn=00037214&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2087.1999.00132.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drinking Water; Water Quality; Valves; Conveyance Structures; Environmental Quality; Public Health; Flushing; Water Policy; Potable Water; Public health; Drinking water; Environmental quality; Water quality; Economics; Microbial contamination; Water quality standards DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2087.1999.00132.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Nutrient and Phytoplankton Dynamics in the York River Estuary, Virginia: Analyses of Long-term Data AN - 17400678; 4633285 AB - Ten years (1985-1994) of data were analyzed to investigate general patterns of phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics, and to identify major factors controlling those dynamics in the York River Estuary, Virginia. Algal blooms were observed during winter-spring followed by smaller summer blooms. Peak phytoplankton biomass during the winter-spring blooms occurred in the mid reach of the mesohaline zone whereas peak phytoplankton biomass during the summer bloom occurred in the tidal fresh-mesohaline transition zone. River discharge appears to be the major factor controlling the location and timing of the winter-spring blooms and the relative degree of potential N and P limitation. Phytoplankton biomass in tidal fresh water regions was limited by high flushing rates. Water residence time was less than cell doubling time during high flow seasons. Positive correlations between PAR at 1 m depth and chlorophyll a suggested light limitation of phytoplankton in the tidal fresh-mesohaline transition zone. Relationships of salinity difference between surface and bottom water with chlorophyll a distribution suggested the importance of tidal mixing for phytoplankton dynamics in the mesohaline zone. Accumulation of phytoplankton biomass in the mesohaline zone was generally controlled by N with the nutrient supply provided by benthic or bottom water remineralization. JF - Estuaries AU - Sin, Y AU - Wetzel, R L AU - Anderson, I C AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2111 Southeast Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA, sin.yongsik@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 260 EP - 275 VL - 22 IS - 2A SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - USA, Virginia KW - USA, Virginia, York R. Estuary KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Chlorophylls KW - Seasonal Variations KW - River Wash KW - Estuaries KW - Phytoplankton KW - Nutrients KW - Biomass KW - Nutrient dynamics KW - Mineralization KW - Nutrient cycles KW - Energy flow KW - High Flow KW - Flushing KW - Data Interpretation KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - D 04320:Brackishwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17400678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+Temporal+Characteristics+of+Nutrient+and+Phytoplankton+Dynamics+in+the+York+River+Estuary%2C+Virginia%3A+Analyses+of+Long-term+Data&rft.au=Sin%2C+Y%3BWetzel%2C+R+L%3BAnderson%2C+I+C&rft.aulast=Sin&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2A&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorophylls; Energy flow; Estuaries; Phytoplankton; Mineralization; Nutrient cycles; Rivers; Nutrient dynamics; Seasonal Variations; River Wash; High Flow; Flushing; Nutrients; Biomass; Data Interpretation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakhstan: Sources of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposures in an agricultural region of southern Kazakhstan AN - 17379881; 4604608 AB - High levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; up to 208 pg/g fat) were measured in samples of breast milk collected in 1997 from 64 donors [41 first-time mothers (primiparae)] living on state farms in southern Kazakhstan. TCDD was the major contributor (70%) to the toxic equivalents, matching the congener patterns found in breast milk and serum samples collected in 1994 and 1996 from donors in nearby villages. The highest TCDD levels were found in state farms adjacent to a reservoir (zone A), which receives agricultural runoff from cotton fields. TCDD levels in zone A were significantly higher than levels in a region more distant (zone B; > 10 miles) from the reservoir (zone A: mean 53 pg/g, n = 17; zone B: mean 21 pg/g, n = 24; p = 0.0017). Levels of TCDD in breast milk and animal-derived foodstuffs were 10 times U.S. levels. Body burden and dietary data suggest that exposures to TCDD are chronic, environmental, and long term and may be related to the use of chemicals in cotton agriculture. The data suggest that the most likely source is the use of cotton defoliants contaminated with TCDD, and the most likely pathway for human exposure is via the consumption of contaminated foodstuffs. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hooper, K AU - Chuvakova, T AU - Kazbekova, G AU - Hayward, D AU - Tulenova, A AU - Petreas, M X AU - Wade, T J AU - Benedict, K AU - Cheng, Y-Y AU - Grassman, J AD - Hazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA, kim_hooper@hotmail.com Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 447 EP - 457 VL - 107 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Kazakhstan KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Breast milk KW - TCDD KW - Agricultural land KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17379881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+breast+milk+to+assess+exposure+to+chlorinated+contaminants+in+Kazakhstan%3A+Sources+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29+exposures+in+an+agricultural+region+of+southern+Kazakhstan&rft.au=Hooper%2C+K%3BChuvakova%2C+T%3BKazbekova%2C+G%3BHayward%2C+D%3BTulenova%2C+A%3BPetreas%2C+M+X%3BWade%2C+T+J%3BBenedict%2C+K%3BCheng%2C+Y-Y%3BGrassman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breast milk; TCDD; Agriculture; Organochlorine compounds; Agricultural land ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stopping oil spills AN - 17376552; 4597915 AB - Oil pollution is often viewed as a coastal incident, such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Coastal oil spills, however, best illustrate the underlying premise of oil pollution regulation -- the protection of navigable waters. Oil pollution regulation of bulk storage facilities is primarily directed at preventing and responding to spills from aboveground storage tanks (ASTs). The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (Clean Water Act) and the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) are the primary federal laws that govern oil discharges affecting or threatening navigable waters of the United States. JF - Environmental Protection AU - Garamone, MD AD - Response & Prevention Branch, U.S.EPA Region 2 Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 45 EP - 48 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 1057-4298, 1057-4298 KW - Clean Water Act KW - Exxon Valdez KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Federal regulations KW - Aboveground storage tanks KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - Environmental legislation KW - Water pollution control KW - USA KW - Storage tanks KW - Oil pollution KW - Legislation KW - Oil spills KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17376552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Protection&rft.atitle=Stopping+oil+spills&rft.au=Garamone%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Garamone&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Protection&rft.issn=10574298&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage tanks; Oil pollution; Environmental legislation; Oil spills; Pollution control; Water pollution control; Federal regulations; Aboveground storage tanks; Clean Water Act; Legislation; USA; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of Terpene Compounds in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Systems AN - 17373515; 4590676 AB - Terpene-based cleaners are being widely used in industrial cleaning formulations because of their ability to replace suspected ozone-depleting chemicals such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113). Substitution of chlorinated solvents with terpene-based cleaners, however, is expected to result in increased discharges to wastewater from industrial operations. A pilot-scale study was conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Test & Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati, OH, to quantify the fate of specific terpene compounds in the activated sludge wastewater treatment process. Biodegradation rates of terpenes were estimated from the difference between the influent terpene mass flow rates and the amounts volatilized to air, partitioned to waste sludge, and passed through the treatment process unchanged. Any chemical transformation of the terpene compounds studied was attributed to biodegradation. Analytical methods were developed to determine terpene concentrations in aqueous and gaseous media. The fate of two common terpene compounds (d-limonene and terpinolene) were evaluated in three identical pilot-scale systems: (1) a system with a high target spike range (2-10 mg/L), (2) a system with a low target spike range (0.5-2 mg/L), and (3) a control system (no spike). The study showed that the primary removal mechanism for the terpene compounds in the activated sludge process is biodegradation. Typically, greater than 90% of the mass of terpenes entering the aeration basin of the activated sludge process biodegrades to other compounds; volatilization from the reaction basin accounts for less than 10%, while loss to waste activated sludge and the secondary clarifier effluent accounts for less than 1%. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Alvarez AU - Shaul, G M AU - Krishnan, E R AU - Perrin, D L AU - Rahman, M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 734 EP - 739 VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - terpenes KW - USA, Ohio KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Air Pollution KW - Pollutant removal KW - Biodegradation KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Activated Sludge KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Activated sludge process KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17373515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Fate+of+Terpene+Compounds+in+Activated+Sludge+Wastewater+Treatment+Systems&rft.au=Alvarez%3BShaul%2C+G+M%3BKrishnan%2C+E+R%3BPerrin%2C+D+L%3BRahman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Alvarez&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Activated Sludge; Wastewater Treatment; Biodegradation; Fate of Pollutants; Air Pollution; Activated sludge process; Wastewater treatment; Pollutant removal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reasons for Corrosion Control Other Than the Lead and Copper Rule AN - 17372502; 4590463 AB - A corrosion control program designed to accommodate all distribution system materials, as well as lead and copper, will produce significant benefits that are not always related to corrosion in an obvious way. Essential components of a good corrosion control program are the selection of proper pH, the balancing of hardness and alkalinity to protect iron and cement-based materials, sufficient buffering to assure constant pH throughout the system, and the proper consistent dosage of inhibitor chemical. Additional benefits include cost savings from reduced pipe rehabilitation, maintenance, pumping costs, and disinfectant use; better microbial control; reduced DBP formation from lower disinfection dosages; reduced metal levels in wastewater discharge and sludge; and reduction of aesthetic problems. JF - Journal of New England Water Works Association AU - Schock, M R AD - Water Supply and Water Resources Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 128 EP - 150 VL - 113 IS - 2 SN - 0028-4939, 0028-4939 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Copper KW - Water supplies KW - Lead KW - Corrosion Control KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Disinfectants KW - Pipes (see also Conduits, Drains, Pipelines, Sewers) KW - pH KW - Water distribution KW - Pipes KW - Micro-organisms KW - Copper (see also Cuprosolvency, Heavy metals) KW - Cement KW - Water Quality KW - Plumbing KW - Corrosion control KW - Legislation (on drinking water) KW - Microorganisms KW - Water Distribution KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - SW 6070:Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=Reasons+for+Corrosion+Control+Other+Than+the+Lead+and+Copper+Rule&rft.au=Schock%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Schock&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=00284939&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corrosion Control; Water Distribution; Lead; Copper; Plumbing; Water Quality; Microorganisms; Corrosion control; Water distribution; Pipes (see also Conduits, Drains, Pipelines, Sewers); Legislation (on drinking water); Copper (see also Cuprosolvency, Heavy metals); Water quality (Natural waters); Micro-organisms; Cement; pH; Pipes; Water supplies; Disinfectants; Cost-benefit analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects from environmental Mn exposures: A review of the evidence from non-occupational exposure studies AN - 17310095; 4584218 AB - Objective: The risk posed to human health by environmental manganese exposure is unknown. Occupational-exposure outcomes may not extrapolate to environmental exposures due to the healthy worker effect and differences in dosage parameters which may affect the biological response. This paper attempts to combine the existing literature on non-occupational Mn exposures with results from our current study in SW Quebec on environmental Mn exposure within the framework of a biologically-based, dose-response (BBDR) model. BBDR Model: The basic BBDR model consists of seven stages relating exposure to health effects. The stages are: 1) sources, 2) applied dose, 3) absorbed dose, 4) target-site dose, 5) toxic event, 6) measurable change, and 7) health outcome. Results: Several air monitoring programs, such as the PTEAM study (Riverside, CA, 1990, mean PM sub(10) Mn outdoor-airborne 24h average=0.045 mu g/m super(3)), provided data relevant to the estimation of Mn applied dose, but did not include measures of body burden. Data from the SW Quebec study showed a mean total-particulate airborne Mn concentration of 0.022 mu g/m super(3) with a range of 0.009 to 0.035 mu g/m super(3) across four sampling sites, whereas the EPA reference concentration (RfC) is 0.05 mu g/m super(3). EPA has considered tap water levels to be safe below 200 mu g/l Mn, and mean Mn tap-water (MnW) level in the participants' homes was 6.38 plus or minus 11.95 mu g/l with a range from 0.1 to 158.9 mu g/l Mn. A previous study of MnW exposure in Greece reported Mn levels in areas with low, medium and high MnW ranging from 4 to 2,300 mu g/l and a significant association with Mn in hair but not Mn in blood (MnB). The mean absorbed dose of the SW Quebec study participants, as indicated by MnB, was 7.5 plus or minus 2.3 mu g/l with a range of 2.5 to 15.9 mu g/l. Our study and others on environmental Mn exposure did not provide an estimate of target-site dose. However, a significant correlation (r=0.65) between MnB and signal intensity in T1-weighted MRI images has been reported in liver-disease patients with Parkinson-like signs who had MnB levels as low as 6.6 mu g/l. Only animal and in vitro studies have provided evidence on the mechanisms of toxicity caused by Mn in the CNS. Several studies reported measurable changes in endpoints suggestive of a Parkinson-like syndrome in subjects with MnB levels ranging from 7.5 to 25.0 mu g/l. Among other effects on neurobehavioral function observed in the current study was a significant relationship between MnB and the direction and speed of body-sway in men. The effects observed in these participants are sub-clinical and no health outcomes have been diagnosed. However, the Parkinson's disease incidence in the study area was previously reported to be 2-5 times higher than in the rest of Quebec, and several studies indicate that 25-35% of idiopathic Parkinson disease diagnoses are incorrect. Our study, the Greek study, and some clinical studies suggest that the risk of a Parkinson-like syndrome diagnosis may increase with continued Mn exposure and aging. Conclusion: The limited data available for the BBDR model point to the need for evidence, particularly on relationships between Mn species, exposure route, MnB with chronic environmental exposure, ageing, and susceptibility factors, to improve human-health risk assessments for chronic, environmental Mn exposure. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Hudnell, H K AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Neurotoxicology Division, MD-74B, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, hudnell.ken@epamail.epa.gov A2 - Cranmer, J A2 - Mergler, D A2 - Williams-Johnson, M (Eds) Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 379 EP - 398 PB - Intox Press VL - 20 IS - 2-3 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - chronic exposure KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - Parkinson's disease KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Manganese KW - Polluted environments KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - N3 11105:Primates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17310095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+from+environmental+Mn+exposures%3A+A+review+of+the+evidence+from+non-occupational+exposure+studies&rft.au=Hudnell%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Hudnell&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parkinson's disease; Reviews; Neurotoxicity; Polluted environments; Manganese ER - TY - CONF T1 - Inhalation health risks of manganese: An EPA perspective AN - 17309485; 4584229 AB - In 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) denied a petition by Ethyl Corporation to allow the use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in unleaded gasoline, because of health concerns related to the inhalation of manganese (Mn) particulate emissions from combusted MMT. Although Ethyl successfully challenged EPA's denial of the petition on legal grounds, issues raised in EPA's health risk assessment have not been resolved to date. This paper summarizes features of the EPA health risk characterization, which included the use of various statistical techniques to derive several estimates of inhalation reference concentration (RfC) values for Mn as alternatives to the established value of 0.05 mu g Mn/m super(3). An exposure assessment projected distributions of personal exposure levels to particulate Mn if MMT were used in all unleaded gasoline. It was estimated that exposure levels of 5-10% of the modeled population might exceed a possible alternative RfC value of 0.1 mu g Mn/m super(3). However, due to data limitations, the risk characterization for Mn/MMT could raise only qualitative concerns about potential public health impacts and was unable to provide a quantitative estimate of risk. To improve the risk characterization, better information on Mn/MMT population exposures and health effects is needed. Much of this information is expected to be obtained under provisions of Section 211 of the Clean Air Act. Among the specific issues that remain to be resolved are the form or forms of Mn emitted from the combustion of MMT in gasoline and the potentially different toxic properties of Mn in different forms. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Davis, J M Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 511 EP - 518 PB - Intox Press VL - 20 IS - 2-3 KW - MMT KW - USA, Environmental Protection Agency KW - man KW - methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl KW - octane enhancers KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Inhalation KW - Gasoline KW - Combustion products KW - Government policy KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Manganese KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - N3 11105:Primates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17309485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Inhalation+health+risks+of+manganese%3A+An+EPA+perspective&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Avoidance response of the estuarine amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated, field-collected sediments AN - 17301487; 4570336 AB - Amphipods (Eohaustorius estuarius) were placed in two-chamber containers with different combinations of three contaminated sediments and a control sediment, and their distribution was determined after 2 or 3 d. Amphipods avoided the sediment with the highest PAH contamination and one of two sediments with moderate PAH concentrations. In the moderately contaminated sediment avoided by amphipods, the (avoidance) response was more sensitive than mortality as a biological indicator of unacceptable sediment contamination (over the 2-3-d exposure). The avoidance response in this case likely represents an early indication of potential mortality from sediment exposure. Population levels of amphipods in moderately to heavily PAH-contaminated sediments may be influenced by a combination of avoidance behavior and toxicity/lethality. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Kravitz, MJ AU - Lamberson, JO AU - Ferraro, S P AU - Swartz, R C AU - Boese, B L AU - Specht, D T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA, kravitz.michaelpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1232 EP - 1235 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Amphipoda KW - Eohaustorius estuarius KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Contamination KW - Sediment contamination KW - Avoidance reactions KW - Defence mechanisms KW - Exposure KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Avoidance behavior KW - Exposure tolerance KW - Toxicity testing KW - Pollution effects KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Lethal effects KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Amphipods KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Behavior KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17301487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Avoidance+response+of+the+estuarine+amphipod+Eohaustorius+estuarius+to+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-contaminated%2C+field-collected+sediments&rft.au=Kravitz%2C+MJ%3BLamberson%2C+JO%3BFerraro%2C+S+P%3BSwartz%2C+R+C%3BBoese%2C+B+L%3BSpecht%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Kravitz&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Estuarine organisms; Sediment pollution; Lethal effects; Hydrocarbons; Estuaries; Pollution effects; Avoidance reactions; Water pollution effects; Toxicity; Defence mechanisms; Exposure tolerance; Aromatic compounds; Behavior; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Contamination; Avoidance behavior; Exposure; Toxicity testing; Amphipods; Sediment contamination; Eohaustorius estuarius; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of gut purging for tissue residues determined in bioaccumulation testing of sediment with Lumbriculus variegatus AN - 17300820; 4570338 AB - Bioaccumulation test procedures using the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus have been developed as a means of evaluating the accumulation of chemicals from freshwater sediments. To avoid including chemicals associated with gut contents as part of the measured tissue residue, a 24-h period of purging in clean water after the uptake phase of the test has been recommended. While purging acts to reduce bias from gut contents, it also has the potential to introduce bias caused by depuration of chemicals from tissues. In this paper, a series of model calculations are used to assess the expected sensitivity of measured residues of nonionic organic chemicals to the presence of sediment in the gut and to varying lengths of purging. If organisms are not purged, the predicted influence of gut contents on measured residue is not large (generally 98% of sediment had cleared the gut in 6 h (half-life = 0.98 h). Based on these results and model analyses, a much shorter purging period of 6 h, rather than 24 h, is suggested as a reasonable guideline for many test applications. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Mount AU - Dawson, T D AU - Burkhard, L P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA, mount.davepamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1244 EP - 1249 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Lumbriculus variegatus KW - depuration KW - purging KW - tissues KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Oligochaetes KW - Chemicals KW - Tissues KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Sediment contamination KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Bioassay KW - Testing procedures KW - Measuring methods KW - Gut KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Sediment pollution KW - Water pollution effects KW - Bioassays KW - Bioaccumulation KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17300820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Implications+of+gut+purging+for+tissue+residues+determined+in+bioaccumulation+testing+of+sediment+with+Lumbriculus+variegatus&rft.au=Mount%3BDawson%2C+T+D%3BBurkhard%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Tissues; Sediment pollution; Bioaccumulation; Bioassays; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Freshwater pollution; Chemicals; Gut; Measuring methods; Oligochaetes; Testing procedures; Sediment contamination; Bioassay; Lumbriculus variegatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetaldehyde (CH sub(3)CHO) production in rodent lung after exposure to metal-rich particles AN - 17268897; 4572705 AB - Epidemiological reports demonstrate an association between increased human morbidity and mortality with exposure to air pollution particulate matter (PM). Metal-catalyzed oxidative stress has been postulated to contribute to lung injury in response to PM exposure. We studied the effects of residual oil fly ash (ROFA), a component of ambient air PM, on the formation of lung carbonyls that are indicators of lipid peroxidation. Rats were instilled intratracheally with ROFA (62.5-1000 mu g) and underwent lung lavage. Lavage fluid carbonyls were derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, and measured by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Dose-dependent increases in a peak that eluted with the same retention time as the acetaldehyde (CH sub(3)CHO) derivative was observed in rats treated with ROFA 15 min after instillation (up to 25-fold greater than saline treated controls). The identification of CH sub(3)CHO was confirmed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. ROFA-induced increases in other lavage fluid carbonyls were not seen. Increased CH sub(3)CHO in lavage fluid was observed as late as 8 h later. No increase in CH sub(3)CHO was observed in plasma from ROFA-treated rats. An increased formation of CH sub(3)CHO was observed in a human airway epithelial cell line incubated with ROFA suggesting a pulmonary source of CH sub(3)CHO production. Instillation of solutions of metals (iron, vanadium, nickel) contained in ROFA, or instillation of another ROFA-type particle containing primarily iron, also induced a specific increase in CH sub(3)CHO. These data support the hypothesis that metals were involved in the increased CH sub(3)CHO formation. Thus metals on PM may mediate lung responses through induction of lipid peroxidation and carbonyl formation. JF - Free Radical Biology & Medicine AU - Madden, M C AU - Thomas, MJ AU - Ghio, A J AD - U.S. EPA Human Studies Facility, 104 Mason Farm Road, MD# 58D, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7315, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1569 EP - 1577 VL - 26 IS - 11-12 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - epidemiology KW - morbidity KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Metals KW - Mortality KW - Oxidative stress KW - Acetaldehyde KW - Particulate pollution KW - Fly ash KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17268897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=Acetaldehyde+%28CH+sub%283%29CHO%29+production+in+rodent+lung+after+exposure+to+metal-rich+particles&rft.au=Madden%2C+M+C%3BThomas%2C+MJ%3BGhio%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=1569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Metals; Air pollution; Lipid peroxidation; Fly ash; Oxidative stress; Acetaldehyde; Particulate pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in environmental samples AN - 17260889; 4554121 AB - Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a major cause of opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts. Because there is no evidence of person-to-person transmission and NTM have been found in drinking water, the environment is considered a likely source of infection. In this study the widespread occurrence of NTM was examined in drinking water, bottled water, and ice samples. A total of 139 samples were examined for NTM by a membrane filtration culture technique followed by PCR amplification and 16S rRNA sequence determination to identify the isolates. NTM were not detected in bottled water or cisterns but were detected in 54% of the ice samples and 35% of the public drinking-water samples from 21 states. The most frequently occurring isolate was M. mucogenicum (formerly referred to as an M. chelonae-like organism). JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Covert, T C AU - Rodgers, M R AU - Reyes, AL AU - Stelma, GN Jr AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, Covert.Terry@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 2492 EP - 2496 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Ice KW - Culture KW - Contamination KW - Mycobacterium KW - Genotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Drinking water KW - A 01108:Other water systems KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17260889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+nontuberculous+mycobacteria+in+environmental+samples&rft.au=Covert%2C+T+C%3BRodgers%2C+M+R%3BReyes%2C+AL%3BStelma%2C+GN+Jr&rft.aulast=Covert&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Culture; Contamination; Genotyping; Ice; Polymerase chain reaction; Drinking water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organophosphorus Hydrolase-Based Assay for Organophosphate Pesticides AN - 17246039; 4537561 AB - We report a rapid and versatile organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH)-based method for measurement of organophosphates. This assay is based on a substrate-dependent change in pH at the local vicinity of the enzyme. The pH change is monitored using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), which is covalently immobilized to the enzyme. This method employs the use of poly(methyl methacrylate) beads to which the FITC-labeled enzyme is adsorbed. Analytes were then measured using a microbead fluorescence analyzer. The dynamic concentration range for the assay extends from 25 to 400 mu M for paraoxon with a detection limit of 8 mu M. Organophosphorus insecticides measured using this technique included ethylparathion, methylparathion, dursban, fensulfothion, crotoxyphos, diazinon, mevinphos, dichlorvos, and coumaphos. This technique was used to measure coumaphos in biodegradation samples of cattle dip wastes and showed a high correlation (r super(2) = 0.998) to an HPLC method. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Rogers, K R AU - Wang, Y AU - Mulchandani, A AU - Mulchandani, P AU - Chen, W AD - USEPA, 944 East Harmon Ave., Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA, rogers.kim@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 517 EP - 521 PB - American Chemical Society and American Institute of Chemical Engineers VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - fluorescein isothiocyanate KW - organophosphate pesticides KW - organophosphates KW - organophosphorus hydrolase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Immobilized enzymes KW - pH effects KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17246039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Organophosphorus+Hydrolase-Based+Assay+for+Organophosphate+Pesticides&rft.au=Rogers%2C+K+R%3BWang%2C+Y%3BMulchandani%2C+A%3BMulchandani%2C+P%3BChen%2C+W&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immobilized enzymes; pH effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the filter pack for long-duration sampling of ambient air AN - 17238006; 4516183 AB - A 14-week filter pack (FP) sampler evaluation field study was conducted at a site near Bondville, IL to investigate the impact of weekly sampling duration. Simultaneous samples were collected using collocated filter packs (FP) from two independent air quality monitoring networks (CASTNet and Acid-MODES) and using duplicate annular denuder systems (ADS). Precision estimates for most of the measured species are similar for weekly ADS and composited FPs. There is generally good agreement between the weekly CASTNet FP results aggregated from weekly daytime and weekly nighttime samples and those aggregated from daily 24 h Acid-MODES samples; although SO sub(2) is the exception, and CASTNet concentrations are higher than Acid-MODES. Comparison of weekly ADS results with composited weekly FP results from CASTNet shows good agreement for SO sub(4) super(2-). With the exception of the two weeks where the FP exceeded the ADS, both HNO sub(3) and the sum of particulate and gaseous NO sub(3) super(-) show good agreement. The FP often provides good estimates of HNO sub(3), but when used to sample atmospheres that have experienced substantial photochemical reactivity, FP HNO sub(3) determinations using nylon filters may be biased high. It is suggested that HNO sub(2) or some other oxidized nitrogen compound can accumulate on a regional scale and may interfere with the FP determination of HNO sub(3). FP particulate NO sub(3) super(-) results are in fair agreement with the ADS. Since FP SO sub(2) results are biased low by 12-20%, SO sub(2) concentration in the CASTNet data archive should be adjusted upward. Nylon presents problems as a sampling medium in terms of SO sub(2) recovery and specificity for HNO sub(3). Additional comparative sampler evaluation studies are recommended at several sites over each season to permit comprehensive assessment of the concentrations of atmospheric trace constituents archived by CASTNet. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Sickles, JE II AU - Hodson, L L AU - Vorburger, L M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, MD-56, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, Sickles.joseph@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 2187 EP - 2202 VL - 33 IS - 14 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, Illinois, Bondville KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Filters KW - Chemical speciation KW - Air sampling KW - Sampling methods KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17238006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+filter+pack+for+long-duration+sampling+of+ambient+air&rft.au=Sickles%2C+JE+II%3BHodson%2C+L+L%3BVorburger%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Sickles&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Chemical speciation; Sampling methods; Air sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Issues in managing the risks associated with perchlorate in drinking water AN - 16130795; 4533984 AB - Perchlorate (ClO4-) contamination of ground and surface waters has placed drinking water supplies at risk in communities throughout the US, especially in the West. Several major assessment studies of that risk in terms of health and environmental impact are expected to be released by the US Environmental Protection Agency in early 1999, and preparations for how best to manage and minimize that risk are underway. Perchlorate salts are used in rocket and missile propulsion; therefore, it is believed that the pollution is derived primarily from defense and supporting industry. Due to the perchlorate anion's fundamental physical and chemical nature, the contamination is difficult to treat or remediate. The current work describes the evolution of the unique team-based governmental response to the problem and the rapidity of its development. Technologies under consideration that may prove feasible for treating contaminated water supplies are discussed and evaluated. The impact of these treatment technologies on other regulatory compliance matters and limitations of space, cost, and other resources are considered. Practical guidelines for approaching the problem are outlined, and current research needs are identified. JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Urbansky, E T AU - Schock, M R AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, 45268, Ohio, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 79 EP - 95 PB - Academic Press VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - USA KW - perchlorate KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Water Pollution KW - Contamination KW - Surface water KW - Compliance KW - Pollution effects KW - Water supplies KW - Public health KW - Research Priorities KW - Drinking Water KW - Public Health KW - Water Treatment KW - Military KW - Pollution KW - Environmental impact KW - Salts KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Standards KW - Perchloric acid KW - Drinking water KW - Evolution KW - Technology KW - D 04070:Pollution KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16130795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Issues+in+managing+the+risks+associated+with+perchlorate+in+drinking+water&rft.au=Urbansky%2C+E+T%3BSchock%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Urbansky&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjema.1999.0274 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Contamination; Surface water; Environmental impact; Perchloric acid; Drinking water; Water supplies; Pollution; Evolution; Risk assessment; Salts; Pollution effects; Groundwater pollution; Military; Public health; Water Pollution; Research Priorities; Public Health; Drinking Water; Compliance; Water Treatment; Standards; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1999.0274 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Complexation of 1,2,4-benzenetriol with inorganic and ferritin-released iron in vitro. AN - 69770697; 10334934 AB - The reactive metabolite(s) responsible for the expression of benzene toxicity is not clearly known despite extensive information on the metabolism and hematotoxicity of benzene. It is now widely believed that hematotoxicity of benzene is due to the concerted action of several metabolites which arise from multiple pathways of benzene. In our earlier study, we proposed iron polyphenol chelates as possible toxic metabolites of benzene due to their prooxidant activity. In continuation, we demonstrate the formation of an iron and 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT) complex, when added together in an acetate buffer, 0.1 M, pH 5.6, by sephadex G-10 column chromatography. It was also observed that iron released from ferritin in the presence of BT formed a complex with BT. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Ahmad, S AU - Rao, G S AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. AHMAD.SARFARAZ@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/27/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 27 SP - 169 EP - 171 VL - 259 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Hydroquinones KW - 0 KW - hydroxyhydroquinone KW - 173O8B04RD KW - Ferritins KW - 9007-73-2 KW - Edetic Acid KW - 9G34HU7RV0 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Spleen -- metabolism KW - Benzene -- toxicity KW - Horses KW - Spectrophotometry KW - Edetic Acid -- chemistry KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Ferritins -- metabolism KW - Iron -- chemistry KW - Hydroquinones -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69770697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Complexation+of+1%2C2%2C4-benzenetriol+with+inorganic+and+ferritin-released+iron+in+vitro.&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+S%3BRao%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-27&rft.volume=259&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dimethylarsinic acid effects on DNA damage and oxidative stress related biochemical parameters in B6C3F1 mice. AN - 69873989; 10395169 AB - Adult female B6C3F1 mice were given 720 mg/kg of DMA by oral gavage at one of three times (2 h, 15 h, or at both 21 and 4 h) before sacrifice. Significant (P < 0.05) decreases in liver GSH and GSSG contents (15-37%) were observed. Some evidence of DMA-induced hepatic DNA damage (at the P < 0.10 level only) was observed. Pulmonary and hepatic ODC activities were reduced (19-59%) by DMA treatment. Overall, these biochemical studies show that mice are much less responsive to DMA than rats. JF - Cancer letters AU - Ahmad, S AU - Anderson, W L AU - Kitchin, K T AD - MD-68, Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/24/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 24 SP - 129 EP - 135 VL - 139 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Cacodylic Acid KW - AJ2HL7EU8K KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Glutathione Disulfide KW - ULW86O013H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Disulfide -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Female KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - DNA Damage KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Herbicides -- toxicity KW - Cacodylic Acid -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69873989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Dimethylarsinic+acid+effects+on+DNA+damage+and+oxidative+stress+related+biochemical+parameters+in+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+S%3BAnderson%2C+W+L%3BKitchin%2C+K+T&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-24&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetoxicity of water samples from the scenic Lijang river in the Guilin area, China, evaluated by Tradescantia bioassays AN - 17239608; 4522935 AB - The Lijang river which passes through the Guilin mountains, and Guilin city is a world renowned scenic spot on the southwest border of China. The river and its tributaries receive water from the mountain tops and springs underground. The river water was clean two decades ago before the development of industrial establishments and extra heavy tourism. Deforestation over the mountain tops on the upper stream and its tributaries in the last decades has created serious erosion and increased sedimentation in the river. In the present study, the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) and Tradescantia stamen hair mutation (Trad-SHM) assays were used to evaluate the genetoxicity of water samples collected from 60 different sites along the river. Results indicate that most of the water samples from the tributaries were highly mutagenic, and that pollutants had accumulated in the main river in the Guilin city area from the industrial effluent and city sewage. Both the Trad-MCN and Trad-SHM assays were highly effective for the detection of mutagens in the water samples. JF - Mutation Research AU - Jiang, Y G AU - Yu, Z D AU - Liu, G Z AU - Chen, R Z AU - Peng, G Y AD - Guilin Environmental Protection Agency, Guilin, China Y1 - 1999/05/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 19 SP - 137 EP - 141 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 426 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - China, Lijang R. KW - Guilin area, China KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Industrial effluents KW - Micronuclei KW - Genotoxicity KW - Genotoxicity testing KW - Bioassays KW - Tradescantia KW - Freshwater pollution KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17239608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Genetoxicity+of+water+samples+from+the+scenic+Lijang+river+in+the+Guilin+area%2C+China%2C+evaluated+by+Tradescantia+bioassays&rft.au=Jiang%2C+Y+G%3BYu%2C+Z+D%3BLiu%2C+G+Z%3BChen%2C+R+Z%3BPeng%2C+G+Y&rft.aulast=Jiang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1999-05-19&rft.volume=426&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tradescantia; Bioassays; Genotoxicity; Freshwater pollution; Industrial effluents; Micronuclei; Genotoxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Separation of volatile organic compounds from aqueous solutions by pervaporation using S--B--S block copolymer membranes AN - 17581156; 4645403 AB - Composite membranes of a block copolymer of styrene and butadiene (S--B--S) were cast on highly porous, hydrophobic thin films of PTFE and used for the separation and recovery of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous solutions by pervaporation. Trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and toluene were the VOCs selected for testing the efficacy of these membranes. An analysis of the pervaporation data showed that the liquid film boundary layer offered the main mass transfer resistance to permeation. The separation factor for the VOCs was as high as 5000 at near-ambient temperatures but decreased substantially at higher temperatures. The water flux was practically independent of the solute concentration. But it increased more rapidly with an increase in temperature as compared to the organic flux, thereby reducing the separation factor. Also, the separation of a multicomponent mixture from the aqueous feed could be predicted well from single-component data. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Dutta, B K AU - Sikdar, S K AD - Sustainable Technology Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA, Sikdar.subhas@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 15 SP - 1709 EP - 1716 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - butadiene KW - pervaporation KW - styrene KW - trichloroethane KW - trichloroethylene KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollutant removal KW - Membranes KW - Porous Media KW - Toluene KW - Temperature KW - Mass Transfer KW - Separation processes KW - Separation Techniques KW - Water treatment KW - Organic Compounds KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Separation+of+volatile+organic+compounds+from+aqueous+solutions+by+pervaporation+using+S--B--S+block+copolymer+membranes&rft.au=Dutta%2C+B+K%3BSikdar%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-05-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes980689w LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Organic Compounds; Porous Media; Membranes; Separation Techniques; Mass Transfer; Volatile organic compounds; Separation processes; Temperature; Water treatment; Toluene; Pollutant removal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980689w ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sample representativeness: A must for reliable regional lake condition estimates AN - 17580793; 4645385 AB - Reliable environmental resource estimates are essential to informed regional scale decisions regarding protection, restoration, and enhancement of natural resources. Reliable estimates depend on objective and representative sampling. Probability-based sampling meets these requirements and provides accuracy estimates (confidence limits). Non-probability-based (judgment or convenience) sampling often is biased, thus less reliable (no accuracy estimates), and potentially misleading. We compare results from a probability- and a non-probability-based Secchi transparency sampling of lakes in the northeastern geographic region of the United States and its three primary ecoregions. Results from these samplings are compared on the basis of sample representativeness relative to the regional lake population and subsequent reliability of lake condition estimates. Statistically derived sampling indicates the northeast lake population median lake size to be about 9.5 ( plus or minus 2.3) ha and the Secchi disk transparency (SDT) to be about 2.4 ( plus or minus 0.4) m. On the basis of judgment sampling estimates, the median SDT for lakes in the same area would be 4.2 m. However, only about 15% of the regional lake population based on statistically designed sampling estimates has a SDT greater than or equal to 4.2 m. Estimate unreliability of this magnitude can have profound effects on lake management decisions. Thus, regional extrapolation of non-probability-based sampling results should be avoided. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Peterson, SA AU - Urquhart, N S AU - Welch, E B AD - U.S. EPA National Health and Ecological Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA, peterson@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 15 SP - 1559 EP - 1565 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA KW - USA, Northeast KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Resource management KW - Water Management KW - Statistical analysis KW - Resources Management KW - Lakes KW - Water transparency KW - Natural resources KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Regional planning KW - Sampling KW - Regional variations KW - Environment management KW - Sampling methods KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17580793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Sample+representativeness%3A+A+must+for+reliable+regional+lake+condition+estimates&rft.au=Peterson%2C+SA%3BUrquhart%2C+N+S%3BWelch%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-05-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes980711l LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lakes; Water transparency; Statistical analysis; Regional planning; Sampling; Environment management; Regional variations; Environmental monitoring; Resource management; Natural resources; Sampling methods; Water Management; Statistical Analysis; Resources Management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980711l ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons under bench-scale compost conditions AN - 17580410; 4645404 AB - The relationship between biomass growth and degradation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, and subsequent toxicity reduction, was evaluated in 10 invessel, bench-scale compost units. Field soil was acquired from the Reilly Tar and Chemical Company Superfund site in St. Louis Park, MN (Reilly soil) and brought to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Test and Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati, OH for a 12-week composting study. Five separate amendment conditions were applied in duplicate to Reilly soil to stimulate varying degrees of biomass growth. Amendments included standard nutrients (SN) adjusted to C:N:P = 100:5:1, based on total organic carbon, plus 1% cow manure, modified OECD nutrients adjusted to C:N:P = 100:5:1 plus 1% cow manure, SN plus 1% activated sludge, SN plus 5% activated sludge, and SN plus 5% autoclaved sludge. All reactors contained 30% (w/w) corn cobs. All amendment conditions resulted in decreased concentrations of PAHs with two to four rings in their molecular structure. No reduction in concentrations of five-or six-ring PAHs occurred during the 12-week study. No significant differences resulted between the final concentrations achieved through any of the amendment conditions. Starting concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 1606 to 4445 mg/kg, and final concentrations ranged from 888 to 1556 mg/kg in the reactors. Contaminant concentration plateaus appeared in all treatment curves by the eighth week. Once a concentration plateau was attained, little further PAH removal occurred during the remaining treatment, and all treatments moved closer to a similar concentration plateau value. Therefore, percent removal of PAHs from Reilly soil correlated with starting PAH concentrations but not with final concentrations. Rates of removal of PAHs during the first 4 weeks of compost treatment correlated strongly with starting PAH concentration but did not correlate with reactor biomass concentration. Several toxicity bioassays in earthworms and plants were used to evaluate the efficacy of compost biomass to reduce toxicity of PAH-contaminated soil. Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia fetida andrei) were exposed to contaminated soil mixed with artificial soil in 6% to 100% dilutions (w/w), and survival was assessed after 14 days. Seed germination and root elongation tests were evaluated in lettuce and oats, and genotoxicity (mitotic aberrations) testing was performed on Allium cepa (onion). Composting of PAH contaminated soil decreased toxicity to earthworms and oat roots but had no significant effect on lettuce root toxicity. Untreated soil evoked genotoxicity in the Allium assay. After composting, no significant genotoxicity was observed in Reilly soil. Two challenges for future research on compost treatment of soils contaminated with PAHs involve increasing the removal of five- and six-ring compounds and achieving total removal that plateaus at a lower level. Whether this can be achieved by optimizing compost biomass development is uncertain. Continued evaluation of the amount and physiological status of compost biomass may provide information on the long-term ability of composting to destroy large PAHs. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Potter, CL AU - Glaser, JA AU - Chang, L W AU - Meier, J R AU - Dosani, MA AU - Herrmann, R F AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, potter.carl@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 15 SP - 1717 EP - 1725 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Allium cepa KW - Eisenia fetida andrei KW - Lumbricus terrestris KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Pollutant removal KW - Biodegradation KW - Composts KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Bioassays KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Composting KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17580410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+polynuclear+aromatic+hydrocarbons+under+bench-scale+compost+conditions&rft.au=Potter%2C+CL%3BGlaser%2C+JA%3BChang%2C+L+W%3BMeier%2C+J+R%3BDosani%2C+MA%3BHerrmann%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1999-05-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9810336 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Allium cepa; Soil remediation; Composting; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; Bioassays; Toxicity; Pollutant removal; Biodegradation; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Biomass; Composts DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9810336 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are circulating cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha involved in chlorpyrifos-induced fever? AN - 69901773; 10413184 AB - Oral exposure to chlorpyrifos (CHP) in the rat results in an initial hypothermic response followed by a delayed fever. Fever from infection is mediated by the release of cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha). This study determined if the CHP-induced fever involves cytokine-mediated mechanisms similar to that of infectious fevers. Long-Evans rats were gavaged with the corn oil vehicle or CHP (10-50 mg/kg). The rats were euthanized and blood collected at various times that corresponded with the hypothermic and febrile effects of CHP. Plasma IL-6, TNF alpha, cholinesterase activity (ChE), total iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), and zinc were measured. ChE activity was reduced by approximately 50% 4 h after CHP. There was no effect of CHP on IL-6 when measured during the period of CHP-induced hypothermia or fever. TNF alpha levels nearly doubled in female rats 48 h after 25 mg/kg CHP. The changes in plasma cytokine levels following CHP were relatively small when compared to > 1000-fold increase in IL-6 and > 10-fold rise in TNF alpha following lipopolysaccharide (E. coli; 50 microg/kg; i.p.)-induced fever. This does not preclude a role of cytokines in CHP-induced fever. Nonetheless, the data suggest that the delayed fever from CHP is unique, involving mechanisms other than TNF alpha and IL-6 release into the circulation characteristic of infectious fevers. JF - Toxicology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Rowsey, P J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gordon.christopher@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 03 SP - 9 EP - 17 VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Interleukin-6 -- blood KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- analysis KW - Fever -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69901773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Are+circulating+cytokines+interleukin-6+and+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+involved+in+chlorpyrifos-induced+fever%3F&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BRowsey%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-03&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistent suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity in adult F344 rats after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin AN - 17315870; 4576783 AB - Recently we observed a suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the 4-5-month-old offspring of F344 rat dams receiving as little as 1.0 mu g 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)/kg on gestational day (GD) 14. This study was designed to characterize better this suppression of the DTH response. First, the persistence of the DTH suppression was determined by measuring the DTH response to BSA in the offspring of dams dosed orally with 3.0 mu g TCDD/kg on GD14 as well as in age-matched controls at 4, 8, 12 and 19 months of age. TCDD significantly suppressed the males' DTH response through 19 months of age. While the females' DTH response was reduced at 8, 12 and 19 months, significant suppression was observed only at 4 months of age. Secondly, the lowest maternal dose of TCDD that produced DTH suppression was determined by measuring the DTH response to BSA in the 4- and 14-month-old offspring of dams dosed orally with 0, 0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 mu g TCDD/kg on GD14. In the males, suppression was observed at a maternal dose as low as 0.1 mu g TCDD/kg at 14 months of age, while a maternal dose of 0.3 mu g TCDD/kg was necessary to cause suppression in the 14-month-old females. Both males and females were more sensitive to the suppression at 14 months of age than at 4 months of age. Lastly, the DTH response to a second antigen was examined by measuring the DTH response to either BSA or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in the 5- or 4-month-old male offspring, respectively, of dams dosed orally with either 0 or 3.0 mu g TCDD/kg on GD14. The DTH response to both antigens was suppressed significantly. Phenotypic analysis was performed on thymus and lymph node suspensions. Significant effects in the thymus included an increased percentage of gamma delta TCR super(+) cells and a decreased percentage of gamma delta TCR super(+)/CD4 super(-)CD8 super(-) and MHCI super(-) MHCII super(-) cells. In the popliteal lymph node draining the BSA-injected footpad, there was a decreased percentage of gamma delta TCR super(+) and MHCI super(-)MHCII super(-) cells and an increased percentage of MHCI super(+) cells. In conclusion, the suppression of the DTH response associated with perinatal TCDD exposure is persistent through late adulthood, occurs at a low dose (i.e. 0.1 mu g TCDD/kg) to the dam, and is more pronounced in males than females. While phenotypic analysis identified differences in subsets of thymocytes and lymph node cells between control and TCDD exposed offspring, no clear correlations were established between altered subpopulations and suppressed DTH responses. JF - Toxicology AU - Gehrs, B C AU - Smialowicz, R J AD - Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/05/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 03 SP - 79 EP - 88 VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Thymus KW - TCDD KW - Thymocytes KW - Lymph nodes KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17315870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Persistent+suppression+of+delayed-type+hypersensitivity+in+adult+F344+rats+after+perinatal+exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin&rft.au=Gehrs%2C+B+C%3BSmialowicz%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Gehrs&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-05-03&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; Hypersensitivity; Lymph nodes; Thymocytes; Thymus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of solid phase microextraction for the analysis of hydrophilic compounds. AN - 69905657; 10412667 AB - Two commercially available solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, polyacrylate and carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), were evaluated for their ability to extract hydrophilic compounds from drinking water. Conditions, such as desorption time, desorption temperature, sample temperature, sample stirring, methanol concentration in the sample, and ionic strength of the sample, were optimized for 12 hydrophilic compounds (e.g., amines and alcohols) with both fibers. Accuracy, precision, and method detection limits (MDLs) were determined for the target analytes with both fibers. In general, both fibers exhibited excellent accuracy and precision in the range of 91-110% and 1.0-13%, respectively. The carboxen/PDMS fiber extracted these hydrophilic compounds from water with 10 to 100 times lower MDLs (0.10 to 15 micrograms/l) than the polyacrylate fiber (1.5 to 80 micrograms/l). The MDLs of the carboxen/PDMS fiber demonstrate that SPME is a feasible approach for extracting hydrophilic compounds from drinking water. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Shoemaker, J A AU - Munch, J W AU - Behymer, T D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. shoemaker.jody@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 181 EP - 191 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69905657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+solid+phase+microextraction+for+the+analysis+of+hydrophilic+compounds.&rft.au=Shoemaker%2C+J+A%3BMunch%2C+J+W%3BBehymer%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of drinking water contaminants in the course of a childhood cancer investigation in Toms River, New Jersey. AN - 69905054; 10412669 AB - Using a combination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy (GC/IR) spectroscopic techniques, chemical contaminants and their hydrolysis products were identified in well water sampled in connection with a suspected childhood cancer cluster located in Dover Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. The drinking water contamination resulted from the leaching of industrial waste chemicals from drums that were disposed of at the site known as Reich Farm. Contaminants identified include dinitrile-tetralin compounds, known as 'trimers,' that are by-products of a polymerization process widely used by several polymer manufactures during the 1970s and 1980s (and still used today). Also identified were 'trimer' hydrolysis products, formed by the hydrolysis of their nitrile groups to amides. These industrial contaminants were not present in any of the mass or IR spectral library databases, and their identification required unconventional spectroscopic methods (including high resolution mass spectrometry, chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy), along with scientific reasoning and interpretation. It is currently not known whether these chemical contaminants are responsible for the childhood cancers observed in this area. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Richardson, S D AU - Collette, T W AU - Price, P C AU - Genicola, F A AU - Jenks, J W AU - Thruston, A D AU - Ellington, J J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. richardson.susan@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 200 EP - 216 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Polymers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Incidence KW - Child KW - Industry KW - Polymers -- adverse effects KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- analysis KW - Polymers -- analysis KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69905054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+drinking+water+contaminants+in+the+course+of+a+childhood+cancer+investigation+in+Toms+River%2C+New+Jersey.&rft.au=Richardson%2C+S+D%3BCollette%2C+T+W%3BPrice%2C+P+C%3BGenicola%2C+F+A%3BJenks%2C+J+W%3BThruston%2C+A+D%3BEllington%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low-frequency hearing loss following perinatal exposure to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) in rats. AN - 69852555; 10386834 AB - Previous research has demonstrated the sensitivity of the developing rat to the ototoxic effects of exposure to Aroclor 1254. In this study we assessed the effects of developmental exposure to an individual PCB congener (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl; PCB 126) on auditory function. Nulliparous Long Evans rats received either 0, 0.25, or 1.0 microg/kg/day (5 days/week) for 35 days prior to breeding and throughout gestation and lactation. Auditory thresholds for 0.5-, 1-, 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 40-kHz tones were assessed in offspring on postnatal days (PND) 76-90. Perinatal maternal PCB 126 exposure caused low-frequency hearing deficits. Elevated auditory thresholds occurred in the 1.0 microg/kg/day treated group for 0.5- and 1-kHz tones, whereas thresholds were not significantly affected at any higher frequencies. These results are important in that the data implicate, at least partially, the coplanar PCBs in the developmental ototoxicity induced by Aroclor 1254. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Crofton, K M AU - Rice, D C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. crofton.kevin@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 299 EP - 301 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl KW - TSH69IA9XF KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Aging KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Auditory Threshold -- physiology KW - Hearing Loss -- physiopathology KW - Auditory Threshold -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Hearing Loss -- chemically induced KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Lactation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69852555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Low-frequency+hearing+loss+following+perinatal+exposure+to+3%2C3%27%2C4%2C4%27%2C5-pentachlorobiphenyl+%28PCB+126%29+in+rats.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BRice%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Failure to adequately use positive control data leads to poor quality mouse lymphoma data assessments. AN - 69836649; 10374992 JF - Mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Collard, D D AU - Harrington-Brock, K AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. moore.martha@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 261 EP - 263 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - ethyl acrylate KW - 71E6178C9T KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Acrylates -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Quality Control KW - Leukemia L5178 -- metabolism KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69836649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Failure+to+adequately+use+positive+control+data+leads+to+poor+quality+mouse+lymphoma+data+assessments.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BCollard%2C+D+D%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Issues for conducting the microtiter version of the mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (tk) assay and a critical review of data generated in a collaborative trial using the microtiter method. AN - 69834574; 10374994 JF - Mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Cole, J AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. moore.martha@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 271 EP - 281 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Databases, Factual KW - Cell Culture Techniques -- methods KW - Mice KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Cell Division KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Lymphoma -- metabolism KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- instrumentation KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69834574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Issues+for+conducting+the+microtiter+version+of+the+mouse+lymphoma+thymidine+kinase+%28tk%29+assay+and+a+critical+review+of+data+generated+in+a+collaborative+trial+using+the+microtiter+method.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BCole%2C+J&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorine inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7. AN - 69786950; 10341188 AB - We analyzed isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (which has recently caused waterborne outbreaks) and wild-type E. coli to determine their sensitivity to chlorination. Both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains were significantly reduced within 1 minute of exposure to free chlorine. Results indicate that chlorine levels typically maintained in water systems are sufficient to inactivate these organisms. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Rice, E W AU - Clark, R M AU - Johnson, C H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. rice.gene@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 461 EP - 463 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Disinfection KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- veterinary KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- transmission KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- drug effects KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Escherichia coli -- growth & development KW - Cattle Diseases -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- prevention & control KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69786950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Chlorine+inactivation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7.&rft.au=Rice%2C+E+W%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BJohnson%2C+C+H&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lett Appl Microbiol. 1996 Sep;23(3):179-82 [8862024] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening methods for thyroid hormone disruptors. AN - 69704631; 10210697 AB - The U.S. Congress has passed legislation requiring the EPA to implement screening tests for identifying endocrine-disrupting chemicals. A series of workshops was sponsored by the EPA, the Chemical Manufacturers Association, and the World Wildlife Fund; one workshop focused on screens for chemicals that alter thyroid hormone function and homeostasis. Participants at this meeting identified and examined methods to detect alterations in thyroid hormone synthesis, transport, and catabolism. In addition, some methods to detect chemicals that bind to the thyroid hormone receptors acting as either agonists or antagonists were also identified. Screening methods used in mammals as well as other vertebrate classes were examined. There was a general consensus that all known chemicals which interfere with thyroid hormone function and homeostasis act by either inhibiting synthesis, altering serum transport proteins, or by increasing catabolism of thyroid hormones. There are no direct data to support the assertion that certain environmental chemicals bind and activate the thyroid hormone receptors; further research is indicated. In light of this, screening methods should reflect known mechanisms of action. Most methods examined, albeit useful for mechanistic studies, were thought to be too specific and therefore would not be applicable for broad-based screening. Determination of serum thyroid hormone concentrations following chemical exposure in rodents was thought to be a reasonable initial screen. Concurrent histologic evaluation of the thyroid would strengthen this screen. Similar methods in teleosts may be useful as screens, but would require indicators of tissue production of thyroid hormones. The use of tadpole metamorphosis as a screen may also be useful; however, this method requires validation and standardization prior to use as a broad-based screen. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - DeVito, M AU - Biegel, L AU - Brouwer, A AU - Brown, S AU - Brucker-Davis, F AU - Cheek, A O AU - Christensen, R AU - Colborn, T AU - Cooke, P AU - Crissman, J AU - Crofton, K AU - Doerge, D AU - Gray, E AU - Hauser, P AU - Hurley, P AU - Kohn, M AU - Lazar, J AU - McMaster, S AU - McClain, M AU - McConnell, E AU - Meier, C AU - Miller, R AU - Tietge, J AU - Tyl, R AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 407 EP - 415 VL - 107 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Antithyroid Agents KW - 0 KW - Triiodothyronine KW - 06LU7C9H1V KW - Thyroxine KW - Q51BO43MG4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Sperm Count -- drug effects KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Homeostasis -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Mass Screening KW - Antithyroid Agents -- toxicity KW - Triiodothyronine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Thyroxine -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69704631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Screening+methods+for+thyroid+hormone+disruptors.&rft.au=DeVito%2C+M%3BBiegel%2C+L%3BBrouwer%2C+A%3BBrown%2C+S%3BBrucker-Davis%2C+F%3BCheek%2C+A+O%3BChristensen%2C+R%3BColborn%2C+T%3BCooke%2C+P%3BCrissman%2C+J%3BCrofton%2C+K%3BDoerge%2C+D%3BGray%2C+E%3BHauser%2C+P%3BHurley%2C+P%3BKohn%2C+M%3BLazar%2C+J%3BMcMaster%2C+S%3BMcClain%2C+M%3BMcConnell%2C+E%3BMeier%2C+C%3BMiller%2C+R%3BTietge%2C+J%3BTyl%2C+R&rft.aulast=DeVito&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochem Cell Biol. 1994 Nov-Dec;72(11-12):581-8 [7654331] Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 May 26;293(1):77-85 [7672011] Eur J Endocrinol. 1995 Oct;133(4):390-8 [7581959] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1995 Nov;135(1):67-76 [7482541] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1995 Nov;135(1):77-88 [7482542] Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1995 Sep 22;113(2):235-43 [8674831] Mutat Res. 1995 Dec;333(1-2):131-42 [8538620] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Jan;136(1):112-7 [8560463] Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1995 Aug;99(2):197-203 [8536930] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Feb;136(2):269-79 [8619235] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1996 Feb;29(2):251-9 [8742323] Anal Biochem. 1996 Feb 1;234(1):56-9 [8742082] Endocrinology. 1996 Jul;137(7):2807-14 [8770901] Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Jan-Feb;9(1):16-23 [8924586] Toxicol Ind Health. 1996 May-Aug;12(3-4):515-31 [8843568] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Aug;104 Suppl 4:715-40 [8880000] J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28199-205 [8910436] Endocrinology. 1997 Jun;138(6):2559-68 [9165049] Reprod Toxicol. 1997 Sep-Oct;11(5):719-50 [9311581] Toxicol Ind Health. 1998 Jan-Apr;14(1-2):59-84 [9460170] Pharmacol Rev. 1998 Mar;50(1):89-105 [9549759] Thyroid. 1998 Sep;8(9):827-56 [9777756] Lancet. 1957 Mar 16;272(6968):553-5 [13407059] J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1963 Aug;23:786-91 [14059555] Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Sep;6(9):1468-78 [1331778] J Neurochem. 1968 Nov;15(11):1335-49 [5707422] J Neurochem. 1976 Mar;26(3):443-9 [4580] Endocrinology. 1977 Aug;101(2):453-63 [18337] Endocrinology. 1978 Sep;103(3):826-37 [744119] Pharmacol Ther B. 1979;5(1-3):305-18 [386373] Endocrinology. 1980 Mar;106(3):859-66 [6243554] Acta Otolaryngol. 1981 Nov-Dec;92(5-6):469-80 [7315266] J Clin Invest. 1982 May;69(5):1176-84 [7068853] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1982 Mar 30;63(1):133-41 [7071868] Endocrinology. 1982 Dec;111(6):1936-43 [7140642] Endocrinology. 1983 Jan;112(1):35-42 [6847829] J Clin Invest. 1983 Apr;71(4):992-1002 [6833498] Hear Res. 1983 Aug;11(2):203-18 [6619005] Endocr Rev. 1984 Spring;5(2):151-84 [6376077] Am J Physiol. 1985 May;248(5 Pt 2):R524-30 [3993812] Endocrinology. 1985 Nov;117(5):2106-13 [4042977] Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1985 Dec;60(3):450-4 [3935513] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Feb;82(2):191-9 [2418534] Neurology. 1986 Jul;36(7):900-11 [3714052] Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1987 Jan;65(1):149-60 [3803897] Annu Rev Physiol. 1987;49:321-34 [3551803] Endocr Rev. 1987 Aug;8(3):288-308 [3308445] J Pharmacol Methods. 1987 Nov;18(3):199-203 [2824935] Pediatr Res. 1988 Feb;23(2):196-9 [3353163] Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1988 Jan;69(1):71-9 [3360289] Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):889-95 [3283939] Toxicol Lett. 1988 Dec;44(3):281-7 [3146151] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Jun 15;99(2):216-28 [2734788] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1989 May;12(4):629-97 [2663577] JAMA. 1990 Mar 16;263(11):1529-32 [2308185] Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Feb;4(2):227-34 [2158622] J Clin Invest. 1990 Sep;86(3):889-99 [2394838] Endocrinology. 1990 Dec;127(6):2997-3002 [2249638] Endocrinology. 1991 Jan;128(1):422-32 [1986934] Arch Toxicol. 1990;64(6):474-81 [1980408] Arch Toxicol. 1991;65(1):15-9 [2043046] Neuroendocrinology. 1991 Apr;53(4):321-7 [2046865] Endocrinology. 1991 Nov;129(5):2663-73 [1935795] Biochem Soc Trans. 1991 Aug;19(3):731-7 [1664394] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 Mar;113(1):36-42 [1553754] Am J Physiol. 1992 May;262(5 Pt 1):E712-20 [1590381] Endocrinology. 1992 Aug;131(2):559-65 [1639007] Biochemistry. 1993 Jan 12;32(1):58-65 [8418860] Endocrinology. 1993 May;132(5):2254-61 [8477670] J Reprod Fertil. 1993 Mar;97(2):493-9 [8501721] Endocr Rev. 1993 Apr;14(2):184-93 [8325251] Endocrinology. 1993 Aug;133(2):755-60 [8344214] Endocrinology. 1993 Nov;133(5):2177-86 [8404669] J Clin Invest. 1993 Oct;92(4):1986-93 [8408652] Biochemistry. 1994 Apr 12;33(14):4319-26 [8155649] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Mar;102(3):290-7 [8033869] Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Apr 4;270(2-3):129-36 [8039542] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Aug 16;91(17):7927-31 [8058736] Biochemistry. 1994 Aug 16;33(32):9668-74 [8068644] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Jun;102 Suppl 2:125-30 [7925183] Funct Dev Morphol. 1993;3(4):237-42 [7949401] J Exp Zool. 1994 Oct 1;270(2):175-88 [7964553] Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1995 Jan;208(1):87-91 [7892302] Mol Cell Biol. 1995 May;15(5):2341-8 [7739517] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking water arsenic in Utah: A cohort mortality study. AN - 69701515; 10210691 AB - The association of drinking water arsenic and mortality outcome was investigated in a cohort of residents from Millard County, Utah. Median drinking water arsenic concentrations for selected study towns ranged from 14 to 166 ppb and were from public and private samples collected and analyzed under the auspices of the State of Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Drinking Water. Cohort members were assembled using historical documents of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Standard mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated. Using residence history and median drinking water arsenic concentration, a matrix for cumulative arsenic exposure was created. Without regard to specific exposure levels, statistically significant findings include increased mortality from hypertensive heart disease [SMR = 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36-3.36], nephritis and nephrosis (SMR = 1.72; CI, 1.13-2.50), and prostate cancer (SMR = 1.45; CI, 1.07-1. 91) among cohort males. Among cohort females, statistically significant increased mortality was found for hypertensive heart disease (SMR = 1.73; CI, 1.11-2.58) and for the category of all other heart disease, which includes pulmonary heart disease, pericarditis, and other diseases of the pericardium (SMR = 1.43; CI, 1.11-1.80). SMR analysis by low, medium, and high arsenic exposure groups hinted at a dose relationship for prostate cancer. Although the SMRs by exposure category were elevated for hypertensive heart disease for both males and females, the increases were not sequential from low to high groups. Because the relationship between health effects and exposure to drinking water arsenic is not well established in U.S. populations, further evaluation of effects in low-exposure populations is warranted. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Lewis, D R AU - Southwick, J W AU - Ouellet-Hellstrom, R AU - Rench, J AU - Calderon, R L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Human Studies Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 359 EP - 365 VL - 107 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Utah -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Arsenic -- adverse effects KW - Mortality KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Health Surveys UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69701515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Drinking+water+arsenic+in+Utah%3A+A+cohort+mortality+study.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+D+R%3BSouthwick%2C+J+W%3BOuellet-Hellstrom%2C+R%3BRench%2C+J%3BCalderon%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer. 1976 May;37(5):2523-32 [1260732] N Engl J Med. 1976 Jan 15;294(3):129-33 [1244508] Environ Health Perspect. 1977 Aug;19:109-19 [908285] Am J Epidemiol. 1978 Nov;108(5):377-85 [727207] Arch Environ Health. 1983 Mar-Apr;38(2):116-21 [6847252] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1983 Sep;31(3):267-70 [6626752] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1983 Jul-Aug;3(4):309-14 [6628893] Cancer Res. 1985 Nov;45(11 Pt 2):5895-9 [4053060] N Engl J Med. 1986 Feb 20;314(8):488-500 [3511384] Br J Cancer. 1986 Mar;53(3):399-405 [3964542] Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Jun;125(6):929-38 [3578251] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1988 Apr;14(2):130-3 [3387961] Arteriosclerosis. 1988 Sep-Oct;8(5):452-60 [3190552] Int J Epidemiol. 1988 Sep;17(3):589-94 [3209340] Arch Environ Health. 1989 Sep-Oct;44(5):283-90 [2554824] Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Dec;130(6):1123-32 [2589305] Cancer Res. 1990 Sep 1;50(17):5470-4 [2386951] Mutat Res. 1990 Nov;239(3):163-79 [2233824] Epidemiology. 1990 Jan;1(1):43-6 [2081237] J Clin Epidemiol. 1992 May;45(5):487-94 [1588354] Br J Cancer. 1992 Nov;66(5):888-92 [1419632] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1992;64(4):235-41 [1468791] Br J Urol. 1993 Mar;71(3):274-8 [8477313] Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Mar 1;139(5):484-92 [8154472] Cancer Causes Control. 1994 Mar;5(2):149-56 [8167262] Am J Ind Med. 1994 May;25(5):625-33 [8030634] Arch Environ Health. 1994 Sep-Oct;49(5):418-27 [7944575] Hypertension. 1995 Jan;25(1):53-60 [7843753] Cancer Res. 1995 Mar 15;55(6):1296-300 [7882325] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Mar 15;141(6):523-30 [7900719] Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996 Apr;16(4):504-10 [8624771] Epidemiology. 1996 Mar;7(2):117-24 [8834549] Stroke. 1997 Sep;28(9):1717-23 [9303014] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Apr 1;147(7):660-9 [9554605] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jul 15;148(2):198-203 [9676702] Cancer. 1960 Jul-Aug;13:739-44 [13845929] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1994 Oct-Nov;3(7):583-90 [7827589] Environ Health Perspect. 1977 Aug;19:103-5 [908283] N Engl J Med. 1973 Apr 19;288(16):828-30 [4348410] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1968 Mar;40(3):453-63 [5644201] Comment In: Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Nov;107(11):A544; author reply A544-6 [10627173] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jan;110(1):A12-3 [11813697] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of microbial community structures in pristine and contaminated aquifers; field and laboratory microcosm experiments AN - 52418350; 1999-073067 AB - This study used phylogenetic probes in hybridization analysis to (i) determine in situ microbial community structures in regions of a shallow sand aquifer that were oxygen depleted and fuel contaminated (FC) or aerobic and noncontaminated (NC) and (ii) examine alterations in microbial community structures resulting from exposure to toluene and/or electron acceptor supplementation (nitrate). The latter objective was addressed by using the NC and FC aquifer materials for anaerobic microcosm studies in which phylogenetic probe analysis was complemented by microbial activity assays. Domain probe analysis of the aquifer samples showed that the communities were predominantly Bacteria; Eucarya and Archaea were not detectable. At the phylum and subclass levels, the FC and NC aquifer material had similar relative abundance distributions of 43 to 65% beta - and gamma -Proteobacteria (B+G), 31 to 35% alpha -Proteobacteria (ALF), 15 to 18% sulfate-reducing bacteria, and 5 to 10% high G+C gram positive bacteria. Compared to that of the NC region, the community structure of the FC material differed mainly in an increased abundance of B+G relative to that of ALF. The microcosm communities were like those of the field samples in that they were predominantly Bacteria (83 to 101%) and lacked detectable Archaea but differed in that a small fraction (2 to 8%) of Eucarya was detected regardless of the treatment applied. The latter result was hypothesized to reflect enrichment of anaerobic protozoa. Addition of nitrate and/or toluene stimulated microbial activity in the microcosms, but only supplementation of toluene alone significantly altered community structures. For the NC material, the dominant subclass shifted from B+G to ALF, while in the FC microcosms 55 to 65% of the Bacteria community was no longer identifiable by the phylum or subclass probes used. The latter result suggested that toluene exposure fostered the proliferation of phylotype(s) that were otherwise minor constituents of the FC aquifer community. These studies demonstrated that alterations in aquifer microbial communities resulting from specific anthropogenic perturbances can be inferred from microcosm studies integrating chemical and phylogenetic probe analysis and in the case of hydrocarbon contamination may facilitate the identification of organisms important for in situ biodegradation processes. Further work integrating and coordinating microcosm and field experiments is needed to explore how differences in scale, substrate complexity, and other hydrogeological conditions may affect patterns observed in these systems. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Shi, Y AU - Zwolinski, M D AU - Schreiber, M E AU - Bahr, J M AU - Sewell, G W AU - Hickey, W J Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 2143 EP - 2150 PB - American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - toluene KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - spatial distribution KW - laboratory studies KW - decontamination KW - water treatment KW - ecology KW - water pollution KW - geochemistry KW - biodegradation KW - experimental studies KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - pollution KW - bioassays KW - bioremediation KW - hydrochemistry KW - BTEX KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - bacteria KW - hydrocarbons KW - DNA KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - microorganisms KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52418350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+microbial+community+structures+in+pristine+and+contaminated+aquifers%3B+field+and+laboratory+microcosm+experiments&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y%3BZwolinski%2C+M+D%3BSchreiber%2C+M+E%3BBahr%2C+J+M%3BSewell%2C+G+W%3BHickey%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aem.asm.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AEMIDF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; bacteria; bioassays; biochemistry; biodegradation; bioremediation; BTEX; decontamination; DNA; ecology; environmental analysis; experimental studies; field studies; geochemistry; ground water; hydrocarbons; hydrochemistry; in situ; laboratory studies; microorganisms; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; remediation; spatial distribution; toluene; water pollution; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ocean's role in climate variability and change and the resulting impacts on coasts AN - 52342696; 2000-048435 JF - Natural Resources Forum AU - Mason, C Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 123 EP - 134 PB - Pergamon VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0165-0203, 0165-0203 KW - marshes KW - reefs KW - shorelines KW - global change KW - ecosystems KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - mires KW - wetlands KW - atolls KW - El Nino KW - climate effects KW - coastal environment KW - ecology KW - world ocean KW - global warming KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52342696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Resources+Forum&rft.atitle=The+ocean%27s+role+in+climate+variability+and+change+and+the+resulting+impacts+on+coasts&rft.au=Mason%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Resources+Forum&rft.issn=01650203&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. block diags. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NRFODS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; atolls; climate effects; coastal environment; ecology; ecosystems; El Nino; global change; global warming; marshes; mires; reefs; shorelines; wetlands; world ocean ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human encroachment on areas of historic mining; Mesa de Oro subdivision/central Eureka Mine site case study AN - 52065010; 2002-067913 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Ziarkowski, Daniel V AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 113 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - soils KW - protection KW - mines KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - Eureka Mine KW - Sutter County California KW - human ecology KW - California KW - Mesa de Oro Deposit KW - conservation KW - metals KW - Sutter Creek KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52065010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Human+encroachment+on+areas+of+historic+mining%3B+Mesa+de+Oro+subdivision%2Fcentral+Eureka+Mine+site+case+study&rft.au=Ziarkowski%2C+Daniel+V%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ziarkowski&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, 95th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; California; conservation; Eureka Mine; human ecology; medical geology; Mesa de Oro Deposit; metals; mines; pollutants; pollution; protection; public health; soils; Sutter County California; Sutter Creek; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic in waters affected by mill tailings at the Lava Cap Mine, Nevada County, California AN - 52061190; 2002-069129 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Ashley, Roger P AU - Ziarkowski, Daniel V AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 35 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Sierra Nevada KW - mining KW - mines KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - Nevada County California KW - Lava Cap Mine KW - California KW - mining geology KW - metals KW - metal ores KW - gold ores KW - tailings KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52061190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Arsenic+in+waters+affected+by+mill+tailings+at+the+Lava+Cap+Mine%2C+Nevada+County%2C+California&rft.au=Ashley%2C+Roger+P%3BZiarkowski%2C+Daniel+V%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, 95th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; California; gold ores; heavy metals; Lava Cap Mine; metal ores; metals; mines; mining; mining geology; Nevada County California; pollutants; pollution; Sierra Nevada; surface water; tailings; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National water quality monitoring council AN - 17892882; 5137506 AB - The Clean Water Action Plan is an initiative of the Clinton Administration to focus the programs of Federal agencies on America's major water quality problems. The Action Plan prescribes over 100 key actions that, together, create a web of reinforcing commitments. Commitments to better monitoring are found in 17 of these key actions and the National Water Quality Monitoring Council is identified as responsible for three of these. The prominent role given the Council should lead to questions such as what is the National Water Quality Monitoring Council? Where did it come from? What does it do? The following explanation is provided to answer those questions and to describe some of the activities of the Council and our plans for the next several years. Because water-quality information is vital to protect human health, to preserve and restore ecological conditions, and to sustain a viable economy, government agencies, industry, academic researchers, and a variety of private organizations in the United States devote enormous amounts of time and money to monitor water quality. JF - Water Resources Impact AU - Spooner, C AU - Klein, J M AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA, spooner.charles@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 7 EP - 8 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1522-3175, 1522-3175 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Health KW - Monitoring KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Legislation (on industry and trade) KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17892882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Impact&rft.atitle=National+water+quality+monitoring+council&rft.au=Spooner%2C+C%3BKlein%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Spooner&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Impact&rft.issn=15223175&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health; Monitoring; Water quality (Natural waters); Legislation (on industry and trade) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental monitoring and assessment program: current status of Virginian Province (U.S.) estuaries AN - 17588573; 4586981 AB - Monitoring of indicators of the ecological condition of bays, tidal rivers, and estuaries within the Virginian Biogeographic Province (Cape Cod, Massachusetts to Cape Henry, Virginia) was conducted annually by the U.S. EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) during the summer months of 1990 to 1993. Data were collected at 425 probability-based stations within the Province. Indicators monitored included water quality (temperature, salinity, water clarity, and dissolved oxygen concentration), sediment contamination, sediment toxicity, benthic community structure, fish community structure, and fish gross external pathology. Data were used to estimate the current status of the ecological condition of Virginian Province estuarine resources, and provide a baseline for identifying possible future changes. Estimates, with 95% confidence limits, of the areal extent of impacted resources within the Province are provided. Data are also presented by estuarine class (large estuaries, small estuarine systems, and large tidal rivers). Results show that, overall, approximately half of the estuarine waters of the Virginian Province can be classified as impacted based on multiple indicators, with hypoxia being the major stressor. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Strobel, C J AU - Buffum, H W AU - Benyi, S J AU - Paul, J F AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, strobel.charles@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 01 SP - 1 EP - 25 VL - 56 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - USA KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic KW - USA, Virginian Prov. KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Instrumentation KW - Measuring Instruments KW - Indicators KW - Histopathology KW - Water quality KW - ANW, USA, Virginian Province KW - Marine environment KW - Brackishwater fish KW - Pollution indicators KW - Data Collections KW - Bays KW - Rivers KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Estuaries KW - Water Quality KW - Data collections KW - Coastal waters KW - EPA KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - Monitoring KW - Benthos KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Tidal waters KW - Tidal Rivers KW - Sediment pollution KW - Brackishwater pollution KW - Toxicity KW - Anoxic conditions KW - Marine pollution KW - Hypoxia KW - Zoobenthos KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - Q5 08501:General KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17588573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Environmental+monitoring+and+assessment+program%3A+current+status+of+Virginian+Province+%28U.S.%29+estuaries&rft.au=Strobel%2C+C+J%3BBuffum%2C+H+W%3BBenyi%2C+S+J%3BPaul%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Strobel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005911822444 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Estuarine organisms; Pollution monitoring; Sediment pollution; Brackishwater pollution; Estuaries; Histopathology; Toxicity; Coastal waters; Water quality; Community composition; Anoxic conditions; Marine pollution; Zoobenthos; Brackishwater fish; Pollution indicators; Bays; Rivers; Community structure; Benthos; EPA; Marine environment; Hypoxia; Tidal waters; Instrumentation; Indicators; Data collections; Monitoring; Water quality (Natural waters); Measuring Instruments; Tidal Rivers; Water Quality; Data Collections; ANW, USA, Virginian Province DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005911822444 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of the ecological condition of Long Island Sound, 1990-1993 AN - 17585678; 4586982 AB - Data from the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) from 1990 to 1993 were used to assess the condition of the Long Island Sound (LIS) estuary. Ambient water, sediment and biota were collected during the summer months from 53 LIS stations using an unbiased sampling design. The design consists of two LIS subunits, LIS proper, and small estuaries (>2.6 km super(2)) at the margins of the Sound. Selected indicators of condition included: benthic species composition, abundance and biomass; fish species composition and gross external pathology; sediment physical and chemical characterization and sediment toxicity; and water clarity and quality. Results of the four-year sampling indicated that 28( plus or minus 11)% of the areal extent of LIS proper had a benthic index < zero (impacted) and 51( plus or minus 12)% of the area of small estuaries was impacted. Analysis of the results of other indicators also shows that small estuaries were particularly affected. For example, 42( plus or minus 10)% of the areal extent of small estuaries exhibited sediment toxicity, and significant chemical contamination was evident in 22% of the area of small estuaries. Low dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concentrations (<5 ppm), however, appeared to affect only the deeper open waters of western LIS. Approximately 48( plus or minus 12)% of the areal extent of LIS proper documented exposure to at least moderate D.O. stress (<5 ppm). The overall results of this monitoring study indicate that significant anthropogenic impacts have occurred in LIS and that if remediation was to take place, specific localized sediment problems would need attention. Point source and non-point source nutrient inputs to the Sound, which are believed to be the primary causative factor for the observed hypoxic conditions, would also need attention. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Schimmel, S C AU - Benyi, S J AU - Strobel, C J AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, R.I. 02882, USA, schimmel.steve@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 01 SP - 27 EP - 49 VL - 56 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - USA, Long Island Sound KW - USA, New York, Long Island Sound KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Pollution KW - Water sampling KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Eutrophication KW - Nutrient loading KW - Water quality KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Biota KW - Marine environment KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Water Quality Control KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Survey KW - Sediment pollution KW - ANW, USA, Long Island Sound KW - Estuaries KW - Surveys KW - Toxicity KW - Contaminated sediments KW - Pollution surveys KW - Sediments KW - Water quality control KW - Hypoxia KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Benthos KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17585678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+the+ecological+condition+of+Long+Island+Sound%2C+1990-1993&rft.au=Schimmel%2C+S+C%3BBenyi%2C+S+J%3BStrobel%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Schimmel&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005967923353 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Sediment pollution; Eutrophication; Pollution surveys; Dissolved oxygen; Environmental monitoring; Hypoxia; Nutrient loading; Estuaries; Water quality; Sediments; Benthos; Biota; Water sampling; Marine environment; Toxicity; Survey; Pollution (Water); Contaminated sediments; Water Pollution; Water Pollution Sources; Sediment Contamination; Surveys; Water Quality Control; ANW, USA, Long Island Sound DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005967923353 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial scale dependence of rodent habitat use AN - 17426178; 4638782 AB - Many insights into community ecology over the past 3 decades were derived from investigations of associations of rodent species with microhabitats. Nonetheless, studies of microhabitat use of rodents are inconsistent, suggesting spatially dependent interacting factors. We investigated the relative ability of microhabitat and macrohabitat to predict rodent captures in traps placed in 48 trapping grids of 90 traps each during spring and autumn of 1993 and 1994 (17,280 data points). Trapping grids represented eight replications of six discrete macrohabitats. We used discriminant function analysis and random null models to compare the ability of microhabitat and macrohabitat to predict use of individual traps by 13 rodent species. Classification rates for presence at a trap by dummy variables of macrohabitats exceeded those obtained with principle components of microhabitats for nine of 13 species. In seven of those cases, classification rate exceeded that expected from a random distribution of dummy variables. Of the four cases where principle components of microhabitats out-classified dummy variables of macrohabitats, only two exceeded rates expected from a random distribution of dummy variables. Thus, microhabitat partitioning for many species is constrained by local macrohabitat conditions. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Jorgensen, EE AU - Demarais, S AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 421 EP - 429 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Rodents KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Habitat utilization KW - Rodentia KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17426178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Spatial+scale+dependence+of+rodent+habitat+use&rft.au=Jorgensen%2C+EE%3BDemarais%2C+S&rft.aulast=Jorgensen&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rodentia; Habitat utilization; Spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of dissolved and total metals concentrations from acute tests with saltwater organisms AN - 17371935; 4595049 AB - Aquatic life criteria (ALC) have traditionally been expressed for metals in terms of total-recoverable or acid-soluble concentrations. Recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy recommended use of dissolved metal concentrations for setting water quality standards. Criteria derived from previous tests could be expressed in terms of dissolved metals if ratios of dissolved-to-total concentrations in those tests were consistent. Using those metals with insufficient dissolved metals data to directly derive criteria (arsenic (III), cadmium, chromium (VI), lead, nickel, selenium (IV), and zinc), we measured both total and dissolved metal concentrations in acute saltwater static and flow-through tests. Exposure conditions simulated those of original tests used to derive ALC. Partitioning of metals between dissolved and particulate forms was very consistent. Dissolved metal concentrations were greater than 90% of total concentrations in all tests, exceeding 95% in 10 of 13 tests. Dissolved-to-total metal ratios did not vary significantly with concentration, time, or type of test. Biological responses were consistent with historical data. Results implied that in acute saltwater toxicity tests used to establish ALC, metals were primarily dissolved. Thus criteria developed for metals based on total concentrations should be equally valid when expressed in terms of dissolved concentrations. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Lussier, S M AU - Boothman, W S AU - Poucher, S AU - Champlin, D AU - Helmstetten, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, lussier.suzanne@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 889 EP - 898 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Aquatic life criteria KW - aquatic life criteria KW - dissolved metals KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Marine Environment KW - Heavy metals KW - Government policy KW - Pollution effects KW - Water quality KW - Selenium KW - Water Quality Standards KW - Salinity KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Zinc KW - Environmental Policy KW - Cadmium KW - Marine KW - Metals KW - Arsenic KW - Chromium KW - Aquatic Life KW - Brackish KW - Toxicity KW - Water quality standards KW - Water pollution KW - Marine organisms KW - Toxicity testing KW - Hazard assessment KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17371935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+dissolved+and+total+metals+concentrations+from+acute+tests+with+saltwater+organisms&rft.au=Lussier%2C+S+M%3BBoothman%2C+W+S%3BPoucher%2C+S%3BChamplin%2C+D%3BHelmstetten%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lussier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=889&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Ecotoxicology; Pollution effects; Water quality; Water pollution; Hazard assessment; Selenium; Arsenic; Chromium; Zinc; Government policy; Marine organisms; Cadmium; Toxicity testing; Aquatic organisms; Salinity; Heavy metals; Water quality standards; Water Quality Standards; Marine Environment; Aquatic Life; Environmental Policy; Toxicity; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of metal partitioning by supplementing acid volatile sulfide in freshwater sediments AN - 17370216; 4595045 AB - Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) is a component of sediments that complexes some cationic metals and thereby influences the toxicity of these metals to benthic organisms. Experimental manipulation of AVS in metal-contaminated sediments may provide a means to neutralize toxicity due to metals and thereby help assess the cause of sediment toxicity. This study evaluated the effect of spiking FeS, Na sub(2)S, and Na sub(2)S/FeSO sub(4) combined on the concentration of AVS, simultaneously extracted metals (SEM), and porewater metals in uncontaminated and metal-enriched sediments. Experiments with solid FeS showed comparatively low effectiveness in increasing AVS. Spiking with either Na sub(2)S or Na sub(2) S/FeSO sub(4) combined increased AVS and/or reduced SEM metal in Cd-, Zn-, and Ni-spiked sediments and in a Cu-contaminated sediment collected from the field. Spiking with Na sub(2)S/FeSO sub(4) caused marked reductions in dissolved metal concentrations in the pore waters of these sediments; spiking with Na sub(2)S alone caused an apparent elevation in pore-water (Cu) metal that we believe is an artifact of metal sulfide formation in the filtered pore water. When the Na sub(2)S/FeSO sub(4) treatment was evaluated under conditions simulating those in sediment toxicity tests, alterations of AVS/SEM were nearly quantitative, except for Ni-spiked sediment, which showed lower efficiency than the Cd, Zn, or Cu sediments. It appears that AVS spiking holds promise for the experimental manipulation of metal toxicity in sediments. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Leonard, EN AU - Mount AU - Ankley, G T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA, leonard.edward@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 858 EP - 864 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - acid volitile sulfides KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Pore water KW - Sediment pollution KW - Sulfides KW - Interstitial Water KW - Toxicity KW - Freshwater KW - Sulphides KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Neutralization KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17370216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Modification+of+metal+partitioning+by+supplementing+acid+volatile+sulfide+in+freshwater+sediments&rft.au=Leonard%2C+EN%3BMount%3BAnkley%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=EN&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=858&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulphides; Sediment pollution; Ecotoxicology; Pollutant persistence; Pore water; Sulfides; Toxicity; Neutralization; Freshwater pollution; Metals; Sediment Contamination; Interstitial Water; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of precipitation and aggregation of metacinnabar (mercuric sulfide) by dissolved organic matter isolated from the Florida Everglades AN - 17369570; 4585298 AB - Precipitation and aggregation of metacinnabar (black HgS) was inhibited in the presence of low concentrations ( greater than or equal to 3 mg C/L) of humic fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from the Florida Everglades. At low Hg concentrations ( less than or equal to 5 x 10 super(-8) M), DOM prevented the precipitation of metacinnabar. At moderate Hg concentrations (5 x 10 super(-5) M), DOM inhibited the aggregation of colloidal metacinnabar (Hg passed through a 0.1 mu m filter but was removed by centrifugation). At Hg concentrations greater than 5 x 10 super(-4) M, mercury formed solid metacinnabar particles that were removed from solution by a 0.1 mu m filter. Organic matter rich in aromatic moieties was preferentially removed with the solid. Hydrophobic organic acids (humic and fulvic acids) inhibited aggregation better than hydrophilic organic acids. The presence of chloride, acetate, salicylate, EDTA, and cysteine did not inhibit the precipitation or aggregation of metacinnabar. Calcium enhanced metacinnabar aggregation even in the presence of DOM, but the magnitude of the effect was dependent on the concentrations of DOM, Hg, and Ca. Inhibition of metacinnabar precipitation appears to be a result of strong DOM-Hg binding. Prevention of aggregation of colloidal particles appears to be caused by adsorption of DOM and electrostatic repulsion. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Ravichandran, M AU - Aiken, G R AU - Ryan, J N AU - Reddy, M M AD - Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0428, USA, ravichandran.mahalingam@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 01 SP - 1418 EP - 1423 VL - 33 IS - 9 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA, Florida, Everglades KW - adsorption KW - dissolved organic matter KW - mercuric sulfide KW - metacinnabar KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Dissolved Solids KW - Mercury compounds KW - Precipitation KW - Marshes KW - Fulvic acids KW - Sulphides KW - Humic acids KW - Acids KW - Dissolved organic matter KW - Chemical Precipitation KW - Mercury KW - Wetlands KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17369570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+precipitation+and+aggregation+of+metacinnabar+%28mercuric+sulfide%29+by+dissolved+organic+matter+isolated+from+the+Florida+Everglades&rft.au=Ravichandran%2C+M%3BAiken%2C+G+R%3BRyan%2C+J+N%3BReddy%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Ravichandran&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9811187 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulphides; Humic acids; Dissolved organic matter; Mercury compounds; Wetlands; Fulvic acids; Acids; Mercury; Marshes; Precipitation; Dissolved Solids; Chemical Precipitation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9811187 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - pH Dependent toxicity of five metals to three marine organisms AN - 17366665; 4573507 AB - The pH of natural marine systems is relatively stable; this may explain why metal toxicity changes with pH have not been well documented. However, changes in metal toxicity with pH in marine waters are of concern in toxicity testing. During porewater toxicity testing pH can change 1-2 units as porewater is transferred from in situ to a test container. These changes in pH may alter metal toxicity. Also, deliberately altering the sample pH is an important toxicity identification and evaluations (TIE) manipulation designed to detect changes in ammonia toxicity. If altering pH also changes metal toxicity, this may confound interpretation of TIE manipulation results. This study demonstrates that alteration of pH can also change the toxicity of Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn to Mysidopsis bahia (mysid), Ampelisca abdita (amphipod) and Vibrio fischerii [Microtox solid phase test (MSP)]. Changes in toxicity with respect to pH were metal and organism specific with the following trends. For the MSP assay, as pH decreased there was a decrease in toxicity for Pb, Ni, Cd, and Zn and an increase in toxicity for Cu. For mysids, as pH decreased, there was a decrease in toxicity for Pb and an increase in toxicity for Cu and Ni. For amphipods, Cu was the only metal that showed decreased toxicity with decreasing pH; the toxicity of all other metals for amphipods remained constant. Results of this study indicate changes in metal toxicity with respect to pH must be considered for porewater testing and TIE interpretation. JF - Environmental Toxicology AU - Ho, K T AU - Kuhn, A AU - Pelletier, M C AU - Hendricks, T L AU - Helmstetter, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Ecological Effects Research Laboratory, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, ho.kay@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 235 EP - 240 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 1520-4081, 1520-4081 KW - Ampelisca abdita KW - Mysidopsis bahia KW - Vibrio fischeri KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Crustaceans (Amphipod) KW - Pore water KW - Marine Environment KW - Heavy metals KW - Nickel KW - Pollution effects KW - Copper KW - Marine environment (see also Sea water) KW - Mysidopsis KW - Hydrogen ion concentrations KW - Lead KW - Zinc KW - Cadmium KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - Toxicology KW - Marine KW - Metals KW - Bacteria (Vibrionaceae) (Luminescent) KW - Amphipods KW - Ammonia KW - Hydrogen Ion Concentration KW - Interstitial waters KW - Toxicity KW - Interstitial Water KW - Water pollution KW - Bioassays KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Marine organisms KW - Toxicity (see also Lethal limits) KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Toxicity testing KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24161:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17366665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology&rft.atitle=pH+Dependent+toxicity+of+five+metals+to+three+marine+organisms&rft.au=Ho%2C+K+T%3BKuhn%2C+A%3BPelletier%2C+M+C%3BHendricks%2C+T+L%3BHelmstetter%2C+A&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology&rft.issn=15204081&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291522-7278%28199905%2914%3A23.0.CO%3B2-J LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioassays; Heavy metals; Pollution effects; pH effects; Water pollution; Toxicology; Zinc; Nickel; Marine organisms; Cadmium; Copper; Toxicity testing; Lead; Pore water; pH; Crustaceans (Amphipod); Metals; Bacteria (Vibrionaceae) (Luminescent); Ammonia; Interstitial waters; Toxicity (see also Lethal limits); Mysidopsis; Marine environment (see also Sea water); Pollution (Water); Hydrogen ion concentrations; Marine Environment; Amphipods; Water Pollution Effects; Hydrogen Ion Concentration; Interstitial Water; Toxicity; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7278(199905)14:2<235::AID-TOX4>3.0.CO;2-J ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optical depth, size distribution and flux of dust from Owens Lake, California AN - 17307565; 4561707 AB - A joint United States/Russian/French collaborative experiment was undertaken in March 1993 and March 1996. Projects LODE I and II (Lake Owens Dust Experiments) took place on the anthropogenically desertified playa (dry lakebed) and surrounding regions of Owens Lake, in east-central California. One of the five parts of Project LODE was to determine relationships between optical depth and flux of dust emitted from the dry lake. Project LODE II included subsequent dust plume measurements and size distributions obtained through April 1996, to further refine the flux measurements for distinct mineral aerosol source regions at Owens Lake. Size distributions of dust aerosol were determined and aerosol optical depths were calculated from sunphotometer solar extinction measurements taken downwind in plumes coming from the emissive areas of Owens Lake. This source was visually observed for 10 measured dust storms. The plume mass was calculated to be 1 times 5 x 10 super(9) g using ground-based measurements and greater than or equal to 1 times 6 x 10 super(9) g from satellite data. Project LODE II results were found to be consistent with LODE I results for the south end of the playa, but flux values were found to be reduced for the northeastern portion of the playa by comparison. Vertical flux values estimated by sunphotometry were found to be consistent with values estimated via a micrometeorological method. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Niemeyer, T C AU - Gillette, DA AU - Deluisi, J J AU - Kim, Y J AU - Niemeyer, W F AU - Ley, T AU - Gill, TE AU - Ono, D AD - Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division, Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, GILLETTE.DALE@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 463 EP - 479 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - USA, California, Owens L. KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Optical analysis KW - Aerosols KW - Meteorology KW - Plumes KW - Dust KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17307565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Optical+depth%2C+size+distribution+and+flux+of+dust+from+Owens+Lake%2C+California&rft.au=Niemeyer%2C+T+C%3BGillette%2C+DA%3BDeluisi%2C+J+J%3BKim%2C+Y+J%3BNiemeyer%2C+W+F%3BLey%2C+T%3BGill%2C+TE%3BOno%2C+D&rft.aulast=Niemeyer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-9837%28199905%2924%3A53.3.CO%3B2-I LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Aeolian Sand Transport Processes. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Optical analysis; Dust; Meteorology; Plumes; Aerosols DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199905)24:5<463::AID-ESP2>3.3.CO;2-I ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ocean's role in climate variability and change and the resulting impacts on coasts AN - 17303452; 4549707 AB - This article describes the oceans' influence on weather and climate and identifies selected global climate change impacts on coastal areas. It is divided into three parts: seasonal to inter-annual climate impacts; decadal to centennial climate impacts; and coastal global climate change impacts. The article describes how the weather and climate are driven by the redistribution of heat. The major source of heat at the surface of the earth is the sun, principally through incoming visible radiation. Most of it is absorbed by the earth's surface. This radiation is redistributed by the ocean and the atmosphere and the excess is radiated back into space as longer wavelength, infrared radiation. Clouds and other gases, primarily water vapour and carbon dioxide, absorb the infrared radiation emitted by the earth's surface and reemit their own heat at much lower temperatures. This "traps" the earth's radiation and makes the earth much warmer than it would be otherwise. Most of the incoming solar radiation is received in tropical regions, while very little is received in polar regions especially during winter months. Over time, energy absorbed near the equator spreads to the colder regions of the globe, carried by winds in the atmosphere and by currents in the oceans. JF - Natural resources forum. Dordrecht Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 123 EP - 134 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0165-0203, 0165-0203 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Institutional resources KW - Sociological aspects KW - Ecosystems KW - Climatic changes KW - Brackish KW - World Ocean KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Environmental protection KW - Coastal zone management KW - Marine environment KW - Oceans KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Environmental effects KW - Meteorology KW - Climatology KW - Sea level changes KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - O 6060:Coastal Zone Resources and Management KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17303452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+resources+forum.+Dordrecht&rft.atitle=The+ocean%27s+role+in+climate+variability+and+change+and+the+resulting+impacts+on+coasts&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+resources+forum.+Dordrecht&rft.issn=01650203&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue on Oceans. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sociological aspects; Institutional resources; Ecosystems; Climatic changes; Greenhouse effect; Environmental protection; Coastal zone management; Marine environment; Oceans; Environmental effects; Ocean-atmosphere system; Climatology; Meteorology; Sea level changes; World Ocean; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Retrospective Examination of In-Home Educational Visits to Reduce Childhood Lead Levels AN - 17251614; 4518782 AB - A number of human health effects from lead are well known. However, the means for reducing lead exposure in children has been a subject of uncertainty. This paper presents results of a retrospective study of educational lead reduction interventions in Milwaukee, Wisconsin for children who had elevated blood lead levels between 20 and 24 mu g/dl. The study examined Milwaukee Health Department (MHD) records of baseline and follow-up blood lead measurements. A study group of children received an in-home educational visit by an MHD paraprofessional. The educational visits last about an hour and the importance of reducing lead exposure, nutritional suggestions, and dust clean-up practices and behavioral changes that can reduce lead exposure are discussed. After the intervention, the average observed blood lead level (n=187) declined by 4.2 mu g/dl or by about 21%. A decline of 1.2 mu g/dl (6%) was also observed in a reference group of 226 children who did not receive an MHD in-home visit. The decline in the reference group may be partially due to education at the clinics taking the blood samples. The study group had a decline in blood lead levels 3.1 mu g/dl (15%) greater than the reference group, with the difference between groups being statistically significant with a P value of less than 0.001. Although significant exposures remained in most of the children studied, important lead reductions were observed with this relatively inexpensive and simple intervention. Education in the homes of families at risk for lead poisoning may be an effective component of programs to reduce blood lead levels. JF - Environmental Research AU - Schultz, B AU - Pawel, D AU - Murphy, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 364 EP - 368 PB - Academic Press VL - 80 IS - 4 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - USA, Wisconsin, Milwaukee KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Lead KW - Public health KW - Urban areas KW - Poisoning KW - Children KW - Blood KW - Education KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17251614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=A+Retrospective+Examination+of+In-Home+Educational+Visits+to+Reduce+Childhood+Lead+Levels&rft.au=Schultz%2C+B%3BPawel%2C+D%3BMurphy%2C+A&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lead; Urban areas; Children; Poisoning; Public health; Heavy metals; Education; Blood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of renal excretion of phenol and major metabolites in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) AN - 17220346; 4507653 AB - Renal excretion of phenol (PH), phenyl glucuronide (PG), phenyl sulfate (PS), and hydroquinone (HQ) was determined in 600-900 g rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) continuously exposed (144-h) to waterborne PH (5 mg l super(-1) or 53.2 mu mol l super(-1)) in respirometer-metabolism chambers. The `free' plasma concentration time course was obtained from samples withdrawn from a dorsal aortic cannulae, while the urine concentration time course was acquired using a bladder catheter. Microdialysis and HPLC techniques were used to isolate and identify PH and metabolites. Plasma and urinary PH were at steady-state in 4 h. PG and HQ in both plasma and urine continued to rise throughout 144 h. PS values in plasma reached a maximum around 48 h, while urine PS plateaued near 24 h. Of the net PH gill uptake at steady-state (144 h), as much as 50% was eliminated in the urine (PG = 81, PS = 16, PH = 4%) and the rest extrarenally. PS kinetics suggested the existence of a high affinity/low capacity pathway, while PG production was suggestive of a low affinity/high capacity formation pathway. Rainbow trout glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 6.10 ml kg super(-1) h super(-1), which was 30% higher than the mean urine flow rate (UFR) of 4.28 ml kg super(-1) h super(-1). Renal Clearance (Cl sub(x)) calculated for PH, PG, PS and HQ were 4.12, 8.67, 24.33 and 1.85 ml kg super(-1) h super(-1), respectively. Urine Clearance Ratios (Cl sub(x)/GFR) were 0.69, 1.56, 5.49 and 0.30 for PH, PG, PS and HQ, respectively. The results of this study support in vivo tubular secretion in freshwater adapted trout for both PG and PS, and suggest a possible kidney secretory transport maxima for sulfate conjugates. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - McKim, J M AU - Kolanczyk, R C AU - Lien, G J AU - Hoffman, AD AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 265 EP - 277 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Phenols KW - Rainbow trout KW - pharmacokinetics KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Sulfates KW - Metabolites KW - Freshwater fish KW - Kidneys KW - Toxicity KW - Glomerular filtration rate KW - Trout KW - Urine KW - Kidney KW - Excretion KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17220346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+renal+excretion+of+phenol+and+major+metabolites+in+the+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss%29&rft.au=McKim%2C+J+M%3BKolanczyk%2C+R+C%3BLien%2C+G+J%3BHoffman%2C+AD&rft.aulast=McKim&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfates; Urine; Kidney; Excretion; Metabolites; Toxicity; Glomerular filtration rate; Phenols; Freshwater fish; Trout; Kidneys; Oncorhynchus mykiss ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of uncertainty in the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with nitrogen dioxide on model-simulated ozone control strategies AN - 16124933; 4561347 AB - We evaluated the effect of a 20% reduction in the rate constant of the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with nitrogen dioxide to produce nitric acid (OH + NO sub(2) arrow right HNO sub(3)) on model predictions of ozone mixing ratios ([O sub(3)]) and the effectiveness of reductions in emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NO sub(x)) for reducing [O sub(3)]. By comparing a model simulation with the new rate constant to a base case scenario, we found that the [O sub(3)] increase was between 2 and 6% for typical rural conditions and between 6 and 16% for typical urban conditions. The increases in [O sub(3)] were less than proportional to the reduction in the OH + NO sub(2) rate constant because of negative feedbacks in the photochemical mechanism. Next, we used two different approaches to evaluate how the new OH + NO sub(2) rate constant changed the effectiveness of reductions in emissions of VOC and NO sub(x): first, we evaluated the effect on [O sub(3)] sensitivity to small changes in emissions of VOC (d[O sub(3)]/dE sub(voc)) and NO sub(x) (d[O sub(3)]/dE sub(NOx)); and secondly, we used the empirical kinetic modeling approach to evaluate the effect on the level of emissions reduction necessary to reduce [O sub(3)] to a specified level. Both methods showed that reducing the OH + NO sub(2) rate constant caused control strategies for VOC to become less effective relative to NO sub(x) control strategies. We found, however, that d[O sub(3)]/dE sub(voc) and d[O sub(3)]/dE sub(NOx) did not quantitatively predict the magnitude of the change in the control strategy because the [O sub(3)] response was nonlinear with respect to the size of the emissions reduction. We conclude that model sensitivity analyses calculated using small emissions changes do not accurately characterize the effect of uncertainty in model inputs (in this case, the OH + NO sub(2) rate constant) on O sub(3) attainment strategies. Instead, the effects of changes in model inputs should be studied using large changes in precursor emissions to approximate realistic attainment scenarios. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Tonnesen, G S AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, MD 84, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, tonnesen@olympus.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1587 EP - 1598 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Chemical reactions KW - Air pollution control KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16124933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Effects+of+uncertainty+in+the+reaction+of+the+hydroxyl+radical+with+nitrogen+dioxide+on+model-simulated+ozone+control+strategies&rft.au=Tonnesen%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Tonnesen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2898%2900375-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemical reactions; Air pollution control; Volatile organic compounds; Ozone; Hydroxyl radicals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00375-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of the feasibility of using cytogenetic damage as a biomarker for alachlor exposure AN - 17231431; 4522975 AB - Alachlor is a widely used herbicide for which there is significant human exposure, principally through groundwater contamination and inhalation. Because alachlor is purported to be carcinogenic and mutagenic, we initiated studies to determine if induced cytogenetic damage could be used as a biomarker for exposure to this herbicide. Both isolated and whole blood human lymphocytes were exposed to alachlor using several protocols. The lymphocytes were cultured for analysis of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberrations (CAs), micronuclei (MN) in cytochalasin B-induced binucleated cells, and proliferation kinetics using the replicative index (RI). In addition, CD rats were injected with either 10 or 50 mg kg super(-1) of alachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide (CDEPA) or 2,6-diethylanaline (DEA). After 24 h, the peripheral blood lymphocytes were removed and cultured for SCE and RI analysis. Alachlor did induce a concentration-related increase in SCE in vitro, but neither it nor its metabolites (CDEPA or DEA) induced a significant increase in SCEs or an alteration of RI in vivo. At the highest in vitro concentration tested, alachlor induced a statistically-significant increase in MN, but no concomitant increase in CAs was seen. From analyses of our data and the literature on alachlor clastogenicity and exposure levels, we concluded that cytogenetic damage may not be an adequately sensitive marker for evaluating human exposure to alachlor. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Kligerman, AD AU - Erexson, G AD - Genetics and Cellular Toxicology Branch, Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Drop 68, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/04/26/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 26 SP - 95 EP - 101 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 441 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide KW - 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide KW - Alachlor KW - biomarkers KW - man KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Sister chromatid exchange KW - Micronuclei KW - Peripheral blood KW - Herbicides KW - Lymphocytes KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - Cytogenetics KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17231431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+the+feasibility+of+using+cytogenetic+damage+as+a+biomarker+for+alachlor+exposure&rft.au=Kligerman%2C+AD%3BErexson%2C+G&rft.aulast=Kligerman&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1999-04-26&rft.volume=441&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sister chromatid exchange; Chromosome aberrations; Herbicides; Lymphocytes; Cytogenetics; Peripheral blood; Alachlor; Micronuclei ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cardioselective and cumulative oxidation of mitochondrial DNA following subchronic doxorubicin administration. AN - 69714004; 10216166 AB - We recently reported the preferential accumulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) adducts in cardiac mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) following acute intoxication of rats with doxorubicin (C.M. Palmeira et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1321 (1997) 101-106). The concentration of 8OHdG adducts decreased to control values within 2 weeks. Since conventional antineoplastic therapy entails repeated administration of small doses of doxorubicin, it was of interest to characterize the kinetics for the accumulation and repair of 8OHdG adducts in the various DNA fractions. Weekly injections of doxorubicin (2 mg/kg, i.p.) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats caused a cumulative dose-dependent increase in the concentration of 8OHdG adducts in both mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) from heart and liver. Following six weekly injections, the concentration of 8OHdG in cardiac mtDNA was 50% higher than liver mtDNA and twice that of cardiac nDNA. In contrast to the rapid repair of 8OHdG observed during the first days following an acute intoxicating dose of doxorubicin, the concentration of 8OHdG adducts remained constant between 1 and 5 weeks following the last injection. This was true for all DNA fractions examined. The cardioselective accumulation and persistence of 8OHdG adducts to mtDNA is consistent with the implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in the cumulative and irreversible cardiotoxicity observed clinically in patients receiving doxorubicin cancer chemotherapy. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Serrano, J AU - Palmeira, C M AU - Kuehl, D W AU - Wallace, K B AD - NHEERL, Midcontinent Ecology Division, U.S. EPA, Duluth, MN, USA. Y1 - 1999/04/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 21 SP - 201 EP - 205 VL - 1411 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - DNA, Mitochondrial KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - DNA Repair KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mitochondria, Liver -- metabolism KW - Mitochondria, Heart -- drug effects KW - Mitochondria, Liver -- drug effects KW - Mitochondria, Heart -- metabolism KW - Male KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- metabolism KW - Doxorubicin -- toxicity KW - Doxorubicin -- administration & dosage KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69714004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Cardioselective+and+cumulative+oxidation+of+mitochondrial+DNA+following+subchronic+doxorubicin+administration.&rft.au=Serrano%2C+J%3BPalmeira%2C+C+M%3BKuehl%2C+D+W%3BWallace%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Serrano&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-04-21&rft.volume=1411&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sulfate content correlates with iron concentrations in ambient air pollution particles. AN - 69841018; 10380171 AB - Current levels of air pollution particles in American cities can increase human mortality. Both the mechanism of injury and the responsible components are not known. We have postulated that injury following air pollution particle exposure is produced through a generation of oxygen-based free radicals catalyzed by metals present in the particles. As a result of its abundance in the atmosphere, sulfate appears to potentially be the most successful ligand to complex metal cations. We tested the hypothesis that (1) some portion of iron in ambient air pollution particles is present as sulfate and (2) this relationship between iron and sulfate results from the capacity of the latter to function as a ligand to mobilize the metal from the oxide. Concentrations of sulfate and iron in acid extracts of 20 filters (total suspended particles) from Utah were measured using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. In vitro oxidant generation was also measured using thiobarbituric acid-reactive products of deoxyribose. There were significant correlations between sulfate content, iron concentrations, and oxidant generation. Agitation of calcium sulfate with iron(III) oxide produced concentrations of water-soluble, catalytically active iron. We conclude that some portion of iron in the atmosphere is present as a sulfate. This relationship between sulfate and iron concentrations is likely the product of SO42- functioning as a ligand for the meal after its mobilization from an oxide by photoreduction. There were also associations between sulfate content, iron concentrations, and oxidant generation. However, sulfates had no capacity to support electron transport unless they were present with iron. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Ghio, A J AU - Stoneheurner, J AU - McGee, J K AU - Kinsey, J S AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Clinical Research Branch, Human Studies Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 293 EP - 307 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Sulfates KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission KW - Urban Health KW - Nephelometry and Turbidimetry KW - Utah KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Sulfates -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69841018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Sulfate+content+correlates+with+iron+concentrations+in+ambient+air+pollution+particles.&rft.au=Ghio%2C+A+J%3BStoneheurner%2C+J%3BMcGee%2C+J+K%3BKinsey%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Ghio&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Animals as sentinels of human health hazards of environmental chemicals. AN - 69646794; 10090711 AB - A workshop titled "Using Sentinel Species Data to Address the Potential Human Health Effects of Chemicals in the Environment," sponsored by the U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, the National Center for Environmental Assessment of the EPA, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, was held to consider the use of sentinel and surrogate animal species data for evaluating the potential human health effects of chemicals in the environment. The workshop took a broad view of the sentinel species concept, and included mammalian and nonmammalian species, companion animals, food animals, fish, amphibians, and other wildlife. Sentinel species data included observations of wild animals in field situations as well as experimental animal data. Workshop participants identified potential applications for sentinel species data derived from monitoring programs or serendipitous observations and explored the potential use of such information in human health hazard and risk assessments and for evaluating causes or mechanisms of effect. Although it is unlikely that sentinel species data will be used as the sole determinative factor in evaluating human health concerns, such data can be useful as for additional weight of evidence in a risk assessment, for providing early warning of situations requiring further study, or for monitoring the course of remedial activities. Attention was given to the factors impeding the application of sentinel species approaches and their acceptance in the scientific and regulatory communities. Workshop participants identified a number of critical research needs and opportunities for interagency collaboration that could help advance the use of sentinel species approaches. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - van der Schalie, W H AU - Gardner, H S AU - Bantle, J A AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Finch, R A AU - Reif, J S AU - Reuter, R H AU - Backer, L C AU - Burger, J AU - Folmar, L C AU - Stokes, W S Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 309 EP - 315 VL - 107 IS - 4 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Biological Assay KW - Species Specificity KW - Risk Assessment KW - Sentinel Surveillance -- veterinary KW - Environmental Health KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69646794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Animals+as+sentinels+of+human+health+hazards+of+environmental+chemicals.&rft.au=van+der+Schalie%2C+W+H%3BGardner%2C+H+S%3BBantle%2C+J+A%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BFinch%2C+R+A%3BReif%2C+J+S%3BReuter%2C+R+H%3BBacker%2C+L+C%3BBurger%2C+J%3BFolmar%2C+L+C%3BStokes%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=van+der+Schalie&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1975 May 16;188(4189):738-40 [1168366] World Neurol. 1960 Nov;1:370-95 [13755288] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Jun 20;82(12):1042-6 [2348468] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 Sep 4;83(17):1226-31 [1870148] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1991 Aug;33(4):359-73 [1875428] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 Oct 16;83(20):1497-9 [1920497] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Feb 1;135(3):324-5 [1295487] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1994 Apr-May;3(3):233-7 [8019373] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Feb 15;141(4):352-9 [7840113] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Aug;102(8):680-8 [7895709] Mil Med. 1995 May;160(5):248-55 [7659215] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Oct;103 Suppl 7:173-8 [8593867] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Dec;105(12):1282-3 [9405324] J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1969 Mar 15;154(6):623-30 [5812894] Vet Clin North Am. 1973 May;3(2):273-7 [4739822] J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1974 Sep 1;165(5):437-9 [4425399] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Mar 1;147(5):488-92 [9525536] Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1998 Mar;39(3):215-26 [9570913] J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1953 Nov;123(920):383-8 [13108792] Environ Res. 1983 Dec;32(2):305-13 [6641667] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and phototoxicity of measures of highly lipophilic PAH compounds in marine sediment; can the Sigma PAH model be extrapolated? AN - 52473368; 1999-041614 JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Boese, B L AU - Ozretich, R J AU - Lamberson, J O AU - Swartz, R C AU - Cole, F A AU - Pelletier, J AU - Jones, J Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 270 EP - 280 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - equations KW - measurement KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - marine sediments KW - toxicity KW - sampling KW - sediments KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52473368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+phototoxicity+of+measures+of+highly+lipophilic+PAH+compounds+in+marine+sediment%3B+can+the+Sigma+PAH+model+be+extrapolated%3F&rft.au=Boese%2C+B+L%3BOzretich%2C+R+J%3BLamberson%2C+J+O%3BSwartz%2C+R+C%3BCole%2C+F+A%3BPelletier%2C+J%3BJones%2C+J&rft.aulast=Boese&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(4rb2jbyxcwtb1he1c13ybdmm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100119,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AECTCV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; concentration; equations; hydrocarbons; marine sediments; measurement; models; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; sampling; sediments; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stochastic simulation of field-scale pesticide transport using Opus and GLEAMS AN - 52213754; 2001-051752 AB - Incorporating variability in soil and chemical properties into root zone leaching models should provide a better representation of pollutant distribution in natural field conditions. Our objective was to determine if a more mechanistic rate-based model (Opus) would predict soil water and pesticide mass in the soil profile more accurately than a capacity-based model (GLEAMS) when spatial variability and uncertainty in parameters are considered. Predictions of spatial variations of soil water content and movement of aldicarb [2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide] in the root zone were compared using 3 yr of observed data from a 3.9-ha agricultural field in southwest Georgia. Spatial variability of soil physical properties, pesticide properties, and pesticide application were described using probability distributions fitted to measured field data, after removing spatial trends that were physically meaningful. There were significant differences in mean soil water content predicted by the two models, although variations around the mean were comparable. Pesticide mass predictions were different on most post-application dates in both mean and spatial variation. The less rigorous GLEAMS predicted mean depth-averaged soil water content and pesticide mass in the 1.2-m profile at least as good as the more mechanistic Opus, although it did not simulate depth distributions of water or pesticide mass as well as Opus. GLEAMS simulated spatial variations of depth-averaged soil water content and pesticide mass in the field with reasonable accuracy while employing fewer parameters that exhibit lower spatial variability. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Zacharias, S AU - Heatwole, C D AU - Persaud, N AU - Bruggeman, A C AU - Kumar, D AU - Smith, C N A2 - Roy, W. R. A2 - Rogowski, A. S. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 411 EP - 423 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - soils KW - GLEAMS KW - pollutants KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - nonpoint sources KW - simulation KW - environmental effects KW - models KW - spatial variations KW - transport KW - stochastic processes KW - agrochemicals KW - Opus KW - chemical properties KW - water content KW - pesticides KW - pore water KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52213754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Stochastic+simulation+of+field-scale+pesticide+transport+using+Opus+and+GLEAMS&rft.au=Zacharias%2C+S%3BHeatwole%2C+C+D%3BPersaud%2C+N%3BBruggeman%2C+A+C%3BKumar%2C+D%3BSmith%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Zacharias&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Applications of GIS, remote sensing, geostatistics, and solute transport modeling to the assessment of nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; chemical properties; environmental effects; field studies; GLEAMS; models; nonpoint sources; Opus; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; pore water; prediction; simulation; soils; spatial variations; stochastic processes; transport; water content ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface water impacts on groundwater quality in a shallow limestone and dolomite bedrock aquifer, Clark County, Ohio AN - 52057389; 2002-073963 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Bendula, Rich A AU - Moore, Bob AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 4 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - limestone KW - water quality KW - dolostone KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Escherichia coli KW - coliform bacteria KW - Escherichia KW - Ohio KW - bedrock KW - Paleozoic KW - Clark County Ohio KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - nitrates KW - Silurian KW - aquifers KW - infiltration KW - bacteria KW - turbidity KW - carbonate rocks KW - water wells KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52057389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Surface+water+impacts+on+groundwater+quality+in+a+shallow+limestone+and+dolomite+bedrock+aquifer%2C+Clark+County%2C+Ohio&rft.au=Bendula%2C+Rich+A%3BMoore%2C+Bob%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bendula&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, North-Central Section, 33rd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; bacteria; bedrock; carbonate rocks; Clark County Ohio; coliform bacteria; dolostone; environmental analysis; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; ground water; infiltration; limestone; nitrates; Ohio; Paleozoic; pollution; sedimentary rocks; Silurian; surface water; turbidity; United States; water quality; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental applications of ESE data and information AN - 51181393; 2002-003984 JF - Earth Observation Magazine AU - Corbley, Kevin P AU - Mace, Thomas H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 50 EP - 52 PB - EOM, Inc., Littleton, CO VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1076-3430, 1076-3430 KW - thematic mapper KW - imagery KW - geophysical surveys KW - government agencies KW - ESE KW - Earth Science Enterprise KW - mapping KW - environmental analysis KW - AVHRR KW - infrared methods KW - SAR KW - programs KW - monitoring KW - global KW - geophysical methods KW - SeaWiFS KW - pollution KW - satellite methods KW - Landsat KW - NASA KW - surveys KW - waste disposal KW - image analysis KW - remote sensing KW - airborne methods KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51181393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Observation+Magazine&rft.atitle=Environmental+applications+of+ESE+data+and+information&rft.au=Corbley%2C+Kevin+P%3BMace%2C+Thomas+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Corbley&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Observation+Magazine&rft.issn=10763430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - airborne methods; AVHRR; Earth Science Enterprise; environmental analysis; ESE; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; global; government agencies; image analysis; imagery; infrared methods; Landsat; mapping; monitoring; NASA; pollution; programs; remote sensing; SAR; satellite methods; SeaWiFS; surveys; thematic mapper; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil-atmosphere exchange of methane in adjacent cultivated and floodplain forest soils AN - 50155031; 2001-052628 AB - The soil-atmosphere exchange of methane was measured in adjacent cultivated (corn) and forest (upper floodplain, mixed hardwood) habitats of the southeastern U.S. piedmont for a period of 3 years using closed chambers. We have evaluated the effect of the following factors on soil-atmosphere methane exchange: (1) interannual variability of climatic conditions, (2) landscape position (i.e., river levee versus terrace), and (3) disturbance ranging from intense (cultivation) through moderate (approximately annual flooding events that last from weeks to months) to subtle (approximately annual flooding of a few days duration). We found that mean methane consumption in the cultivated and forested terrace sites was <0.3 mg CH (sub 4) m (super -2) d (super -1) , whereas the mean consumption rate in forested levee sites was about 1.4 mg CH (sub 4) m (sub 2) d (super -1) over the course of the 3 years. Moisture levels in the upper soil (0-5 cm) appear to exert little control of methane exchange in any of the habitats. We observed little seasonal variation in methane flux in the levee sites, in contrast to results observed by others in higher-latitude and tropical forests. Our results suggest that very subtle differences in landscape position and disturbance impact the strength of the soil methane sink. We cannot conclude that agricultural development destroyed the methane sink capacity of these floodplain terrace soils because it was probably already quite low due to periodic disturbance by flooding. Limited measurements of nitrogen cycling suggest that methane flux differences observed among the different habitats are not obviously related to differences in N mineralization or nitrification as in other ecosystems. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Burke, Roger A AU - Meyer, Judith L AU - Cruse, Jennifer M AU - Birkhead, Karen M AU - Paul, Michael J Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 8161 EP - 8171 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 104 IS - D7 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - moisture KW - floodplains KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - Appalachians KW - ecosystems KW - environmental analysis KW - Alabama KW - nitrogen KW - Brown forest soils KW - climate effects KW - soils KW - North America KW - methane KW - Virginia KW - human activity KW - alkanes KW - soil-atmosphere exchange KW - geochemical cycle KW - organic compounds KW - nitrification KW - hydrocarbons KW - fluvial features KW - Piedmont KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Soil-atmosphere+exchange+of+methane+in+adjacent+cultivated+and+floodplain+forest+soils&rft.au=Burke%2C+Roger+A%3BMeyer%2C+Judith+L%3BCruse%2C+Jennifer+M%3BBirkhead%2C+Karen+M%3BPaul%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=D7&rft.spage=8161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999JD900015 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alabama; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Appalachians; Brown forest soils; climate effects; ecosystems; environmental analysis; floodplains; fluvial features; geochemical cycle; human activity; hydrocarbons; methane; moisture; nitrification; nitrogen; North America; organic compounds; Piedmont; soil-atmosphere exchange; soils; United States; Virginia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of bivalves as biomonitors of heavy metals pollution in marine waters AN - 17584572; 4587704 AB - Heavy metals (namely Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Pb, Ni, and Ag) that are present at concentrations common in ambient marine waters can cause adverse effects in shellfish. Such effects can significantly impact the trophic structure of a biological community. Heavy metals uptake is dependent on both geochemical and biological factors. In bivalves, the extent of accumulation is a function of several biotic and abiotic variables. Based on several criteria, (including: an ability to accumulate metals without suffering mortality, habitation within, and continuous exposure to, the contaminated matrix, hardiness, and ease of sampling) bivalve molluscs have proven to be useful biomonitors for a host of inorganic contaminants. It is essential that the biomonitoring plan is not only site specific, but that it considers the use of indigenous species whenever possible. This paper will provide a general review of studies that have employed bivalved shellfish as sentinel bioindicators in marine environments impacted by heavy metals, and give suggestions for conducting biomonitoring assays. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Boening, D W AD - Lockheed Martin Environmental Services Assistance Team, Port Orchard, WA 98366, USA, boening.dean@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 459 EP - 470 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Water Pollution KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Marine Environment KW - Heavy metals KW - Marine environment (see also Sea water) KW - Bioassay KW - Marine environment KW - Mollusca KW - Mollusks KW - Pollution indicators KW - Bioindicators KW - Molluscs (see also Bivalves, Gastropods) KW - Aurelia KW - Bivalves (see also molluscs, Individual groups) KW - Heavy Metals KW - Bivalvia KW - Bioassays KW - Marine pollution KW - Reviews KW - Shellfish KW - Monitoring KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Indicator species KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17584572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+bivalves+as+biomonitors+of+heavy+metals+pollution+in+marine+waters&rft.au=Boening%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Boening&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005995217901 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Bioassays; Heavy metals; Indicator species; Marine pollution; Marine environment; Reviews; Bivalvia; Bioindicators; Shellfish; Mollusca; Molluscs (see also Bivalves, Gastropods); Aurelia; Bivalves (see also molluscs, Individual groups); Monitoring; Marine environment (see also Sea water); Pollution (Water); Pollution indicators; Water Pollution; Marine Environment; Mollusks; Heavy Metals; Bioassay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005995217901 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benefits and costs of the IESWTR AN - 17553509; 4740925 AB - Few things in life are free, and like anything else, the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), promulgated in December 1998, has its price. The rule will help ensure that pathogen control is maintained and improved while the Stage 1 Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products Rule is implemented. The total annual national cost to implement the IESWTR - aimed at public water systems that use surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water and that serve greater than or equal to 10,000 people - is estimated at $307 million, to be paid by utilities and the states. Utilities will incur costs for purchasing, operating, and maintaining new equipment, treating water, and monitoring turbidity to comply with the IESWTR's provisions. These include a maximum contaminant level of zero for Cryptosporidium, stricter disinfection benchmarking, a turbidity level of greater than or equal to 0.3 ntu for many systems, and a requirement that new reservoirs for finished water be covered. However, important benefits - namely, increased public health protection - will be reaped. Because the rule's stiffer provisions will improve filter performance, the likelihood of exposure to and subsequent endemic illness from Cryptosporidium will be reduced by 110,000-463,000 cases annually. Furthermore, as much as $16 million per death prevented could be realized, according to a benefit-cost analysis of the IESWTR. The rule's expected health benefits were evaluated in terms of cost of illness avoided - i.e., how much human well-being will be preserved and how many dollars will be saved - by reducing the number of crypto-related infections, illnesses, and deaths. Other benefits - enhanced water quality and reduced risk from other waterborne pathogens, such as Giardia - are also expected to accrue. Although implementing the IESWTR will be pricey, the benefits are expected to be priceless. JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association AU - Regli, S AU - Blank, V AU - Odom, R AU - Cromwell, J AU - Lustic, M AD - USEPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 148 EP - 158 VL - 91 IS - 4 SN - 0003-150X, 0003-150X KW - USA KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Law KW - Disinfection KW - Drinking Water KW - Cryptosporidium KW - Water Quality KW - Water Treatment KW - Surface Water KW - Reservoirs KW - Utilities KW - Cost-benefit Analysis KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17553509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=Benefits+and+costs+of+the+IESWTR&rft.au=Regli%2C+S%3BBlank%2C+V%3BOdom%2C+R%3BCromwell%2C+J%3BLustic%2C+M&rft.aulast=Regli&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=0003150X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cost-benefit Analysis; Water Law; Water Quality; Disinfection; Water Treatment; Surface Water; Utilities; Cryptosporidium; Reservoirs; Drinking Water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Theoretical study of the S sub(N)V reaction of trichloroethylene (TCE) and CH sub(3)S super(-) as a model for glutathione conjugation of TCE AN - 17394035; 4610836 AB - Trichloroethylene (TCE), a major environmental pollutant, is activated to mutagenic and nephrotoxic intermediates through a glutathione (GSH) conjugation pathway. Three product isomers of GSH-TCE conjugation, having potentially different toxicities, are theoretically possible: cis- or trans-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (cis- or trans-1,2-DCVG, respectively) or 2,2-DCVG. This study involved application of ab initio molecular orbital theory to computing potential energy profiles (PEPs) and predicting product outcome of the reaction of CH sub(3)S super(-) with TCE as a model for GSH-TCE conjugation in biological systems. A goal of this study was to determine the extent to which a body of chemical knowledge pertaining to nucleophilic vinylic substitution (S sub(N)V) reactions, of which the GSH-TCE conjugation is a representative example, is relevant to this biological conjugation problem. PEPs were computed for all studied species at the HF/6-31+G* level of theory; electron correlation effects were estimated at the MP2/6-31+G* and MP4/6-31+G* levels, and the influence of solvation was estimated using the PS-GVB solvation model. Multiple proposed reaction pathways were considered, including conjugation at the C sub(1) or C sub(2) site on TCE, by in-plane ( sigma ) or out-of-plane ( pi ) approach of the nucleophile. Some aspects of the MP2 and HF PEPs were found to differ significantly. However, on the basis of comparison of activation barriers, calculations at all levels of theory predict preference for C sub(2) conjugation over C sub(1) conjugation and formation of the trans-1,2-DCVM product over the cis-1,2-DCVM product. These predictions are consistent with GSH-TCE conjugation results from in vivo experiments. In contrast, relative product energies appear to be a poor indicator of the product outcome for this system. Hence, theoretical consideration of the reaction chemistry in the vicinity of the site of nucleophilic addition appears to be necessary and sufficient to predict the outcome of the enzyme-mediated GSH-TCE conjugation. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Shim, Joong-Youn AU - Boone, P F AU - Richard, A M AD - MD-68, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, richard.ann@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 308 EP - 316 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mutagenicity KW - Glutathione KW - Trichloroethylene KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17394035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Theoretical+study+of+the+S+sub%28N%29V+reaction+of+trichloroethylene+%28TCE%29+and+CH+sub%283%29S+super%28-%29+as+a+model+for+glutathione+conjugation+of+TCE&rft.au=Shim%2C+Joong-Youn%3BBoone%2C+P+F%3BRichard%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Shim&rft.aufirst=Joong-Youn&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichloroethylene; Glutathione; Mutagenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ratio of the concentration of anthraquinone to anthracene in coastal marine sediments AN - 17296338; 4518598 AB - The ratio of the concentration of the oxidation product anthraquinone to that of its parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon anthracene is reported for several coastal marine sediments. The ratio ranges from 0.317 in a highly contaminated industrialized harbor to 2.81 in a remote, less contaminated site. We hypothesize that differences in this ratio result from the input source of PAHs, with input from atmospheric deposition at remote sites resulting in a predominance of anthraquinone (ratio > 1), and direct discharge to highly contaminated industrialized harbors resulting in a predominance of anthracene (ratio < 1). To support this hypothesis, the fate of anthracene in the marine environment was investigated with respect to conversion to its oxidation product, anthraquinone. Once associated with sediments, anthracene is believed to be relatively persistent; however, it can potentially be subjected to oxidation via biological (microbial degradation) and chemical (chemical oxidation and photooxidation) processes. An assessment of the extent of oxidation of anthracene associated with sediments was conducted both under conditions simulating those found in the marine environment and under rigorous conditions by exposure to UV radiation. Results of this study show that while anthracene associated with marine sediments does not readily undergo oxidation to anthraquinone under conditions normally encountered in the marine environment, under extreme conditions anthracene is photooxidized by exposure to UV radiation. The extent of oxidation is influenced by sediment characteristics such as percent organic carbon, humic acid content and sediment surface area. The relative stability of anthracene under normal conditions may help to validate the use of the anthraquinone to anthracene ratio in marine sediments as an environmental marker of contaminant source. JF - Chemosphere AU - McKinney, R A AU - Pruell, R J AU - Burgess, R M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, mckinney.rickpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 2415 EP - 2430 VL - 38 IS - 10 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - anthracene KW - anthraquinone KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Photochemistry KW - Anthracene KW - Contamination KW - Organic carbon KW - Marine sediments KW - Marine environment KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Coasts KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Coastal zone KW - Humic acids KW - Photooxidation KW - Oxidation KW - Harbors KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17296338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Ratio+of+the+concentration+of+anthraquinone+to+anthracene+in+coastal+marine+sediments&rft.au=McKinney%2C+R+A%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BBurgess%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=McKinney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photochemistry; Sediment pollution; Anthracene; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Contamination; Hydrocarbons; Organic carbon; Coastal zone; Marine environment; Humic acids; Oxidation; Photooxidation; Ultraviolet radiation; Harbors; Marine sediments; Coasts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) a diet spiked with non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls: Accumulation and effects AN - 17292324; 4559745 AB - A laboratory model was developed to predict exposure effects in the field. Accumulation of non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted PCBs in liver tissue and their effects on mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) were investigated. An artificial diet spiked with a mixture of eight PCB congeners was fed to mummichogs in the laboratory. Ratios of the congeners were similar to those measured in livers of mummichogs indigenous to the PCB Superfund site, New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA. Nominal dietary concentrations were high (54.3 mu g/g wet body weight), medium (10.9 mu g/g), low (2.2 mu g/g), and a control. Accumulation of PCBs was consistent with exposure; however, lower levels of congener 77 were detected in liver tissue (0.2-0.8% of total PCBs) than in the spiked diets (3.3-4.6%). Significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) mortality occurred in mummichogs fed high and medium doses relative to the control. Mortality was higher and growth was lower with increasing toxic equivalent concentration of dietary PCB concentration and accumulation of PCBs in liver tissue. Mummichogs exhibited an exposure response in congener accumulation and biological effects with increasing dietary PCB concentration. Unlike fish from New Bedford Harbor, clean fish exposed to PCBs appear to have either slower uptake or higher metabolism of congener 77, indicating possible adaptation of mummichogs inhabiting polluted environments. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Gutjahr-Gobell, R E AU - Black, DE AU - Mills, L J AU - Pruell, R J AU - Taplin, B K AU - Jayaraman, S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 699 EP - 707 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Fundulus heteroclitus KW - Mummichog KW - USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor KW - growth KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Dietary intake KW - PCB KW - Diets KW - Brackish KW - Exposure tolerance KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Bioassays KW - Pollution effects KW - Fish food KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - PCB compounds KW - Mortality KW - Lethal effects KW - Water pollution effects KW - Water pollution KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Liver KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17292324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Feeding+the+mummichog+%28Fundulus+heteroclitus%29+a+diet+spiked+with+non-ortho-+and+mono-ortho-substituted+polychlorinated+biphenyls%3A+Accumulation+and+effects&rft.au=Gutjahr-Gobell%2C+R+E%3BBlack%2C+DE%3BMills%2C+L+J%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BTaplin%2C+B+K%3BJayaraman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Gutjahr-Gobell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Mortality; Lethal effects; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Bioaccumulation; Bioassays; Liver; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Water pollution; PCB; Exposure tolerance; Dietary intake; polychlorinated biphenyls; PCB compounds; Fish food; Fundulus heteroclitus; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological risk assessment in a large river-reservoir: 2. Fish community AN - 17292260; 4559734 AB - This paper summarizes the assessment of risks of fishes in the Clinch River Operable Unit due to contaminants released by the U.S. Department of Energy's activities on its Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee. This paper focuses on the most contaminated area, the Poplar Creek (PC) embayment. The assessment is of interest because of its use of five distinct lines of evidence: fish community surveys, fish body burdens, toxicity tests of ambient waters, suborganismal bioindicators, and single chemical toxicity tests. None of these lines of evidence provided unambiguous evidence of a significant risk, but the surveys indicated that the fish community in PC was depauperate, polychlorinated biphenyl body burdens may have been at toxic levels in catfish, one of the three tests of ambient water showed clear toxicity, some of the indicators were indicative of toxic effects, and concentrations that have been toxic in the laboratory were detected periodically. Interpretation was further complicated by upstream contamination of both the Clinch River and PC. The risk characterization was performed by evaluating each line of evidence separately and then weighing the evidence using an ecoepidemiological approach. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Suter, GW II AU - Barnthouse, L W AU - Efroymson, R A AU - Jager, H AD - U.S. EPA Facilities, MS 117, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, suter.glennpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 589 EP - 598 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Contamination KW - Ecosystems KW - Freshwater KW - Reservoirs KW - Pollution indicators KW - PCB KW - Rivers KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Fish KW - Hazard assessment KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution effects KW - Pisces KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Assessments KW - PCB compounds KW - Water pollution effects KW - USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge Reservation KW - Water pollution KW - Risk KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Bioaccumulation KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17292260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Ecological+risk+assessment+in+a+large+river-reservoir%3A+2.+Fish+community&rft.au=Suter%2C+GW+II%3BBarnthouse%2C+L+W%3BEfroymson%2C+R+A%3BJager%2C+H&rft.aulast=Suter&rft.aufirst=GW&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Nuclear power plants; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Bioaccumulation; Ecosystems; Pollution effects; Fish; Water pollution effects; Pollution indicators; Water pollution; PCB; Hazard assessment; Risk assessment; Contamination; Aquatic ecosystems; polychlorinated biphenyls; PCB compounds; Reservoirs; aquatic ecosystems; Risk; Assessments; Pisces; USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge Reservation; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved method for estimating bioconcentration / bioaccumulation factor from octanol/water partition coefficient AN - 17290062; 4559742 AB - A compound's bioconcentration factor (BCF) is the most commonly used indicator of its tendency to accumulate in aquatic organisms from the surrounding medium. Because it is expensive to measure, the BCF is generally estimated from the octanol/water partition coefficient (K sub(ow)), but currently used regression equations were developed from small data sets that do not adequately represent the wide range of chemical substances now subject to review. To develop an improved method, we collected BCF data in a file that contained information on measured BCFs and other key experimental details for 694 chemicals. Log BCF was then regressed against log K sub(ow) and chemicals with significant deviations from the line of best fit were analyzed by chemical structure. The resulting algorithm classifies a substance as either nonionic or ionic, the latter group including carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and their salts, and quaternary N compounds. Log BCF for nonionics is estimated from log K sub(ow) and a series of correction factors if applicable; different equations apply for log K sub(ow) 1.0 to 7.0 and >7.0. For ionics, chemicals are categorized by log K sub(ow) and a log BCF in the range 0.5 to 1.75 is assigned. Organometallics, nonionics with long alkyl chains, and aromatic azo compounds receive special treatment. The correlation coefficient (r super(2) = 0.73) and mean error (0.48) for log BCF (n = 694) indicate that the new method is a significantly better fit to existing data than other methods. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Meylan, WM AU - Howard, PH AU - Boethling, R S AU - Aronson, D AU - Printup, H AU - Gouchie, S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 401 M Street, SW, Washington DC, 20460, USA, boethling.bobpa.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 664 EP - 672 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - bioconcentration factor KW - octanol/water partition coefficient KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Indicators KW - Freshwater KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Brackish KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Biological magnification KW - Hazard assessment KW - Aquatic animals KW - Pollution effects KW - Regression analysis KW - Chemical pollution KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Water pollution effects KW - Water pollution KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Analytical techniques KW - Petroleum hydrocarbons KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17290062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Improved+method+for+estimating+bioconcentration+%2F+bioaccumulation+factor+from+octanol%2Fwater+partition+coefficient&rft.au=Meylan%2C+WM%3BHoward%2C+PH%3BBoethling%2C+R+S%3BAronson%2C+D%3BPrintup%2C+H%3BGouchie%2C+S&rft.aulast=Meylan&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=664&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic animals; Aquatic organisms; Mathematical models; Indicators; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Water pollution; Mathematical analysis; Bioaccumulation; Ecotoxicology; Analytical techniques; Regression analysis; Chemical pollution; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Hazard assessment; Biological magnification; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fingerprinting of Mixed Bacterial Strains and BIOLOG Gram-Negative (GN) Substrate Communities by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Sequence-PCR (ERIC-PCR) AN - 17273477; 4494729 AB - PCR-based genomic fingerprinting by use of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus primers (ERIC-PCR) was evaluated for its use in fingerprinting DNA of mixed Gram-negative bacterial strains and BIOLOG Gram-negative (GN) microplate substrate communities. ERIC-PCR fingerprints of six different pure bacterial strains and a combined mixture of the strains were compared with fingerprints obtained by two more established methods: amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD-PCR). The ERIC-PCR fingerprint of the mixed strains was highly reproducible and was more species-specific and representative of the individual strain fingerprints than the ARDRA and RAPD-PCR fingerprints, respectively. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting of model and rhizosphere BIOLOG GN substrate communities also provided clearly distinguishable fingerprints. Results of this study suggest that ERIC-PCR represents a rapid and highly discriminating method for fingerprinting DNA of mixed Gram-negative bacterial strains and BIOLOG GN substrate communities. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Di Giovanni, GD AU - Watrud, L S AU - Seidler, R J AU - Widmer, F AD - National Research Council Research Associate, US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory-Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 0217 EP - 0223 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - ERIC-PCR KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Gram-negative bacteria KW - Genetic analysis KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17273477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fingerprinting+of+Mixed+Bacterial+Strains+and+BIOLOG+Gram-Negative+%28GN%29+Substrate+Communities+by+Enterobacterial+Repetitive+Intergenic+Consensus+Sequence-PCR+%28ERIC-PCR%29&rft.au=Di+Giovanni%2C+GD%3BWatrud%2C+L+S%3BSeidler%2C+R+J%3BWidmer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Di+Giovanni&rft.aufirst=GD&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=0217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA fingerprinting; Polymerase chain reaction; Genetic analysis; Gram-negative bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of the rate of VOC emissions from solvent-based indoor coating materials based on product formulation AN - 17233088; 4514069 AB - Two computational methods are proposed for estimation of the emission rate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from solvent-based indoor coating materials based on the knowledge of product formulation. The first method utilizes two previously developed mass transfer models with two key parameters - the total vapor pressure and the average molecular weight for total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) - being estimated based on the VOC contents in the product. The second method is based on a simple, first-order decay model with its parameters being estimated from the properties of both the source and the environment. All the model parameters can be readily obtained. Detailed procedures for computing the key parameters are described by using examples. The predictive errors were evaluated with small chamber data, and the results were satisfactory. Thus, the proposed methods provide a way to predict the VOC emissions in the indoor environment without having to conduct costly chamber testing. The two proposed methods work for both TVOCs and individual VOCs. Pros and cons for each method are discussed. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Guo, Zhishi AU - Chang, John CS AU - Sparks, LE AU - Fortmann, R C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Indoor Environment Management Branch, MD-54, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 1205 EP - 1215 VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Solvents KW - Emission measurements KW - Indoor environments KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Coatings KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17233088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+the+rate+of+VOC+emissions+from+solvent-based+indoor+coating+materials+based+on+product+formulation&rft.au=Guo%2C+Zhishi%3BChang%2C+John+CS%3BSparks%2C+LE%3BFortmann%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Zhishi&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emission measurements; Volatile organic compounds; Coatings; Solvents; Indoor environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transitions in forest fragmentation: implications for restoration opportunities at regional scales AN - 17228766; 4503292 AB - Where the potential natural vegetation is continuous forest (e.g., eastern US), a region can be divided into smaller units (e.g., counties, watersheds), and a graph of the proportion of forest in the largest patch versus the proportion in anthropogenic cover can be used as an index of forest fragmentation. If forests are not fragmented beyond that converted to anthropogenic cover, there would be only one patch in the unit and its proportional size would equal 1 minus the percentage of anthropogenic cover. For a set of 130 watersheds in the mid-Atlantic region, there was a transition in forest fragmentation between 15 and 20% anthropogenic cover. The potential for mitigating fragmentation by connecting two or more disjunct forest patches was low when percent anthropogenic cover was low, highest at moderate proportions of anthropogenic cover, and again low as the proportion of anthropogenic cover increased toward 100%. This fragmentation index could be used to prioritize locations for restoration by targeting watersheds where there would be the greatest increase in the size of the largest forest patch. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Wickham, J D AU - Jones, K B AU - Riitters, KH AU - Wade, T G AU - O'Neill, R V AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (MD-56), National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 137 EP - 145 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Patches KW - Forests KW - Environmental restoration KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Human impact KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17228766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Transitions+in+forest+fragmentation%3A+implications+for+restoration+opportunities+at+regional+scales&rft.au=Wickham%2C+J+D%3BJones%2C+K+B%3BRiitters%2C+KH%3BWade%2C+T+G%3BO%27Neill%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental restoration; Habitat fragmentation; Forests; Human impact; Patches ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and Phototoxicity of Mixtures of Highly Lipophilic PAH Compounds in Marine Sediment: Can the capital sigma PAH Model Be Extrapolated? AN - 17215530; 4494687 AB - The additivity of toxic units was tested using sediments contaminated with mixtures of highly lipophilic (log Kow 4.5) parent and alkylated PAHs. The direct toxicity and photoinduced toxicity of these mixtures were examined in standard 10-day sediment toxicity tests using the infaunal amphipod Rhepoxinius abronius, with mortality and the survivors' ability to rebury as endpoints. Survivors of the initial 10-day tests were then exposed for 1 h to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the results compared to initial (10-day) endpoints. Tissue residues and lipids were measured and biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) values determined. The results indicated that the bioaccumulated contaminants were not initially toxic, however, they were highly phototoxic. Although the summed toxic units of these contaminants appeared to be nonadditive, additivity was not disproved as inaccuracies in extrapolating the Kow-LC50 QSAR or insufficient exposure duration might also have accounted for the observed results. Critical body residue (CBR) estimates for R. abronius were similar while BSAF values were much larger (10) in comparison to other studies, which used amphipods and PAHs. The phototoxicity of mixtures of contaminants were similar to the phototoxicity of single contaminants when expressed on a molar basis, which suggests that phototoxicities may be roughly additive. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Boese, B L AU - Ozretich, RJ AU - Lamberson, JO AU - Swartz, R C AU - Cole, F A AU - Pelletier, J AU - Jones, J AD - Coastal Ecology Branch, Western Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2111 SE Marine Science Dr., Newport, Oregon 97365-5260, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 0270 EP - 0280 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - PAH KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Rhepoxynius abronius KW - Toxicity tests KW - Phototoxicity KW - Marine sediments KW - Testing procedures KW - Marine environment KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Toxicology KW - Tissue analysis KW - Bioassays KW - Population exposure KW - Lipids KW - Survival KW - Pollution effects KW - Rhepoxinius abronius KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Mortality KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Amphipods KW - Toxicity KW - Sediments KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Q1 08286:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17215530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+Phototoxicity+of+Mixtures+of+Highly+Lipophilic+PAH+Compounds+in+Marine+Sediment%3A+Can+the+capital+sigma+PAH+Model+Be+Extrapolated%3F&rft.au=Boese%2C+B+L%3BOzretich%2C+RJ%3BLamberson%2C+JO%3BSwartz%2C+R+C%3BCole%2C+F+A%3BPelletier%2C+J%3BJones%2C+J&rft.aulast=Boese&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=0270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Mortality; Hydrocarbons; Lipids; Pollution effects; Survival; Toxicity; Toxicity tests; Sediments; Aromatic compounds; Bioassays; Bioaccumulation; Marine environment; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Toxicology; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Phototoxicity; Amphipods; Tissue analysis; Marine sediments; Testing procedures; Population exposure; Rhepoxinius abronius; Rhepoxynius abronius ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Method for the Storage of Groundwater Samples Containing Volatile Organic Analytes AN - 17211719; 4494683 AB - The sorption of volatile organic analytes from water samples by the Teflon septum surface used with standard glass 40-ml sample collection vials was investigated. Analytes tested included alkanes, isoalkanes, olefins, cycloalkanes, a cycloalkene, monoaromatics, a polynuclear aromatic, and two chloroethenes. Both laboratory prepared test mix solutions and petroleum contaminated groundwater from three field sites were tested. A rapid loss of n-alkane and isoalkane concentrations (10%) was observed within 24 h when stored at room temperature. Aliphatic losses were also observed (10%) over a 21-day holding period when samples were held at 4 degree C. Loss of the less sorptive analytes was demonstrated by exposing analyte solutions to greater Teflon surface areas. The demonstrated sorption of aliphatics from water samples by Teflon-lined septa indicates that the accuracy of volatile petroleum hydrocarbon determinations may be reduced by the traditional storage method. An alternative storage protocol is reported combining a lead foil septum surface and 1% (w/w) tribasic sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na3PO4 12H2O) preservative. This method prevented loss of the test analytes, including alkanes and isoalkanes for at least 21 days at room temperature. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Kovacs, DA AU - Kampbell, D H AD - ManTech Environmental Research Services Corporation, Environmental Protection Agency/National Risk Management Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, Oklahoma 74821, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 0242 EP - 0247 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sample preparation KW - Water sampling KW - Sample preservation KW - Organic compounds KW - Groundwater KW - Chemical analysis KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17211719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Improved+Method+for+the+Storage+of+Groundwater+Samples+Containing+Volatile+Organic+Analytes&rft.au=Kovacs%2C+DA%3BKampbell%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Kovacs&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=0242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sample preparation; Water sampling; Sample preservation; Organic compounds; Groundwater; Chemical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal design of air quality networks detecting warning and alert conditions AN - 1717488457; PQ0001930591 AB - A statistical method is presented to determine the optima design of air quality networks detecting warning and alert levels. A simulation model is used to describe temporal and spatial variations of atmospheric pollutants; air quality patterns serve as the database of the procedure to design the network. Only the sites exceeding warning and alert levels, at different meteorological scenarios, are considered as potential monitoring stations. For the selection of the optima set, spatial and temporal representativity criteria are introduced; accordingly, the optima set provides a complete representativity of the space and time considered. The method is applied to the Mestre urban area, in Venice district, for the carbon monoxide pollutant. JF - Journal of the Italian Statistical Society AU - Romano, Daniela AU - Cirillo, Mario C AU - Coppi, Renato AU - D'Urso, Pierpaolo AD - National Environmental Protection Agency, Italy, daniela.romano@anpa.it Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 61 EP - 73 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1121-9130, 1121-9130 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Air pollution KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Spatial distribution KW - Simulation KW - Air quality KW - Meteorology KW - Italy, Venezia, Mestre KW - Design KW - Urban areas KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1717488457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Italian+Statistical+Society&rft.atitle=Optimal+design+of+air+quality+networks+detecting+warning+and+alert+conditions&rft.au=Romano%2C+Daniela%3BCirillo%2C+Mario+C%3BCoppi%2C+Renato%3BD%27Urso%2C+Pierpaolo&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Italian+Statistical+Society&rft.issn=11219130&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF03178941 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Carbon monoxide; Pollution monitoring; Spatial distribution; Simulation; Meteorology; Air quality; Urban areas; Design; Italy, Venezia, Mestre DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03178941 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The chemistry and toxicity of sediment affected by oil from the North Cape spilled into Rhode Island Sound AN - 16132340; 4587412 AB - On 19 January 1996, the barge North Cape spilled more than three million liters of No. 2 fuel oil into Rhode Island Sound near Matunuck, Rhode Island. The toxicity and chemistry of this oil in two subtidal sediments were followed for more than 9 months. Maximum concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments reached 730 mu g/g dry weight (DW). Water samples taken immediately after the spill were phototoxic to embryos of the bivalve Mulinia lateralis. Total PAHs and toxicity to the amphipod Ampelisca abdita were high immediately after the spill, decreasing to background values (10 mu g/g DW and <20% mortality, respectively) after 6 months. Changes in toxicity to A. abdita related closely to changes of PAH concentrations in sediments. Weathering and degradation of the oil were followed by using ratios of PAHs, and alkanes as indicators. To distinguish effects of local boat traffic from spill effects, these ratios plus distributions of PAHs in sediments from a nearby marina were used. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Ho, K AU - Patton, L AU - Latimer, J S AU - Pruell, R J AU - Pelletier, M AU - Mckinney, R AU - Jayaraman, S AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 314 EP - 323 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - Ampelisca abdita KW - Dwarf surfclam KW - Mulinia lateralis KW - USA, New Jersey KW - USA, Rhode Island, Rhode Island Sound KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemistry KW - Degradation KW - Fuels KW - Indicators KW - Pollution effects KW - Chemical Properties KW - Toxicity tests KW - Phototoxicity KW - Boats KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Oil Spills KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Weathering KW - Oil pollution KW - Mollusks KW - Oil spills KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - ANW, USA, Rhode Island, Rhode Island Sound KW - Amphipods KW - Geochemistry KW - Toxicity KW - Pollution surveys KW - Sediments KW - Water pollution KW - Marine pollution KW - Q5 01503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16132340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+chemistry+and+toxicity+of+sediment+affected+by+oil+from+the+North+Cape+spilled+into+Rhode+Island+Sound&rft.au=Ho%2C+K%3BPatton%2C+L%3BLatimer%2C+J+S%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BPelletier%2C+M%3BMckinney%2C+R%3BJayaraman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0025-326X%2898%2900151-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Degradation; Geochemistry; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Oil pollution; Weathering; Pollution surveys; Toxicity tests; Oil spills; Phototoxicity; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Fuels; Water pollution; Sediments; Chemistry; Marine pollution; Pollutant persistence; Pollution effects; Toxicity; Boats; Hydrocarbons; Amphipods; Indicators; Sediment Contamination; Oil Spills; Chemical Properties; Mollusks; Temporal Distribution; Ampelisca abdita; Mulinia lateralis; ANW, USA, Rhode Island, Rhode Island Sound DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(98)00151-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization and clearance of environmental microbial agents upon intranasal exposure of strain C3H/HeJ mice. AN - 69654982; 10096364 AB - Environmental dissemination of biotechnology agents is becoming a common practice. Most applications use historically innocuous species; however, potential health effects of individual products are not scrutinized unless they contain genetically engineered microorganisms. In order to investigate possible health concerns, four surrogate microbial agents were studied in vivo. Male C3H/HeJ (endotoxin-resistant) mice were administered intranasally (i.n.) with approximately 10(7) Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Burkholderia cepacia, P. fluorescens, or P. putida. To determine clearance of the dosed bacterial strains, lungs, small intestine, large intestine, cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen, and liver were homogenized individually, plated, and dilutions inoculated onto selective media. Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida were eliminated from the lungs by 2 d posttreatment, and P. aureofaciens was not detected in the lungs by 5 d posttreatment. Burkholderia cepacia was reisolated from the lungs and cecum for the experimental duration (14 d). Translocation to extraintestinal sites (MLN, spleen, and liver) also occurred. Burkholderia cepacia was recovered from the MLN for 10 d after treatment of mice. Pulmonary exposure to several bacterial strains resulted in unexpected mortality. Pseudomonas aureofaciens was lethal at the lowest dose (8.26 x 10(6) CFU/ mouse), while P. fluorescens and B. cepacia were fatal at higher doses (6.15 x 10(8) CFU/mouse and 1.34 x 10(8) CFU/mouse, respectively). By using the model described in this study, human safety issues can be more easily addressed and evaluated. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - George, S E AU - Nelson, G M AU - Kohan, M J AU - Brooks, L R AU - Boyd, C AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. george.elizabeth@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/03/26/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 26 SP - 419 EP - 431 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Survival Rate KW - Administration, Intranasal KW - Lymph Nodes -- microbiology KW - Spleen -- microbiology KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Mice KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Liver -- microbiology KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Lung -- microbiology KW - Burkholderia cepacia -- isolation & purification KW - Burkholderia Infections -- mortality KW - Burkholderia Infections -- microbiology KW - Pseudomonas -- physiology KW - Pseudomonas Infections -- microbiology KW - Bacterial Translocation -- physiology KW - Pseudomonas Infections -- mortality KW - Pseudomonas -- isolation & purification KW - Nasal Mucosa -- microbiology KW - Burkholderia cepacia -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69654982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Colonization+and+clearance+of+environmental+microbial+agents+upon+intranasal+exposure+of+strain+C3H%2FHeJ+mice.&rft.au=George%2C+S+E%3BNelson%2C+G+M%3BKohan%2C+M+J%3BBrooks%2C+L+R%3BBoyd%2C+C&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-03-26&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of alachlor protein adducts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AN - 69626235; 10075819 AB - This study examined the potential use of hemoglobin (Hb)- and serum-protein adducts of alachlor as potential biomarkers of alachlor exposure, a genotoxic and carcinogenic herbicide. The method developed was based on the observation that cleavage of S-cysteinyl alachlor-protein adducts by methanesulfonic acid gave the rearrangement product 3-(2',6'-diethylphenyl)-1, 3-thiazolidine-4-one (TZO). The structure of TZO was confirmed by mass spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and independent synthesis. In the assay, treatment of alachlor-cysteinyl protein adducts by methanesulfonic acid was followed by extraction and analysis. TZO was detected and quantitated by electron-impact GC/MS in the single ion-monitoring mode. [ring-13C6]Alachlor-N-acetylcysteine was added as an internal standard prior to treatment and was converted to [ring-13C6]TZO, allowing response factors to be used to quantitate TZO concentrations. Incubations of alachlor (0-1000 microM) with human albumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) resulted in linear adduct formation with both proteins. Maximal adduction levels of 613-1130 pmol alachlor-albumin adducts/mg protein were observed, with BSA binding close to twice that of human albumin. A linear concentration response of alachlor-Hb adducts was observed when whole blood from female CD rats was incubated with alachlor in vitro at concentrations up to 300 microM. Maximal binding was 1860 pmol alachlor-Hb adducts/mg globin. Male CD rats treated with alachlor at 150 mg/kg body wt/day ip for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days were sacrificed 4 days after final dosing. A maximal binding of 2250 pmol alachlor-Hb adducts/mg globin was observed. This assay provides a new approach for biomonitoring alachlor levels in experimental animals and has the potential for use in humans. JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Lambert, G R AU - Padgett, W T AU - George, M H AU - Kitchin, K T AU - Nesnow, S AD - Biochemistry and Pathobiology Branch (MD-68), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 15 SP - 289 EP - 296 VL - 268 IS - 2 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Blood Proteins KW - Herbicides KW - Serum Albumin KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Biomarkers -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Binding Sites KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Blood Proteins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69626235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+alachlor+protein+adducts+by+gas+chromatography-mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Lambert%2C+G+R%3BPadgett%2C+W+T%3BGeorge%2C+M+H%3BKitchin%2C+K+T%3BNesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-03-15&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: correlations between DNA adducts and ras oncogene mutations. AN - 69608963; 10064858 AB - This review describes a series of studies on the tumorigenic activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various experimental animal model systems, their abilities to form PAH-DNA adducts in target tissues, and their abilities to mutate ras oncogenes in PAH-induced tumors. The review is limited to those PAHs that do not contain nitrogen, for which ras mutations have been detected in induced tumors, and for which some information is available about the structures of the DNA adducts induced in the target tissue. In general, PAHs that form DNA adducts at deoxyadenosine induce mutations at codon 61, whereas those PAHs that form DNA adducts at deoxyguanosine primarily induce mutations at codons 12 or 13. Those PAHs that induce adducts at both bases induce both types of mutations. These correlations provide evidence for the involvement of adduct-directed mutations in ras in the etiology of these tumors. The induced mutation spectra in ras may in fact point back to the identity of the type of adduct formed. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Mutation research AU - Ross, J A AU - Nesnow, S AD - Biochemistry and Pathobiology Branch (MD-68), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 08 SP - 155 EP - 166 VL - 424 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - ras Proteins KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genes, ras KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Mutation -- drug effects KW - ras Proteins -- genetics KW - ras Proteins -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69608963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons%3A+correlations+between+DNA+adducts+and+ras+oncogene+mutations.&rft.au=Ross%2C+J+A%3BNesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-08&rft.volume=424&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of p53 protein accumulation in sputum and lung adenocarcinoma associated with indoor exposure to unvented coal smoke in China. AN - 69825101; 10368638 AB - Lung cancer in Xuan Wei (XW), China has been linked to exposure to unvented coal smoke and adenocarcinoma, especially bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, is most common. p53 mutations occur commonly in lung cancers and usually generate detectable levels of p53 protein accumulation. Sputum is noninvasive to collect and ideal for screening p53 abnormalities. p53 protein accumulation was detected by immunohistochemistry in lung tumors and sputa from XW lung cancer patients to determine (1) the role of p53 in lung pathogenesis, and (2) feasibility of detecting p53 protein accumulation in sputum, p53 protein accumulation was detected in 73% (22/30) of lung adenocarcinomas from XW females exposed to coal emissions and significantly higher than the control cases (33%, p < 0.05). In sputum, we detected p53 overexpression in tumor cells in 54% (13/24) of XW cases and also in dysplastic cells (50% or 4/8). These findings suggest that p53 abnormalities is important in XW lung cancer etiology. JF - Anticancer research AU - Mumford, J L AU - Tian, D AU - Younes, M AU - Hu, F AU - Lan, Q AU - Ostrowski, M L AU - He, X AU - Feng, Z AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 951 EP - 958 VL - 19 IS - 2A SN - 0250-7005, 0250-7005 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Smoke KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - China KW - Sputum -- chemistry KW - Smoke -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- analysis KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemistry KW - Adenocarcinoma -- etiology KW - Adenocarcinoma -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69825101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anticancer+research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+p53+protein+accumulation+in+sputum+and+lung+adenocarcinoma+associated+with+indoor+exposure+to+unvented+coal+smoke+in+China.&rft.au=Mumford%2C+J+L%3BTian%2C+D%3BYounes%2C+M%3BHu%2C+F%3BLan%2C+Q%3BOstrowski%2C+M+L%3BHe%2C+X%3BFeng%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Mumford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2A&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anticancer+research&rft.issn=02507005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures of children in low-income families. AN - 69747296; 10321348 AB - Children in low-income families may have high exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Such exposures could result from household proximity to heavy traffic or industrial sources, environmental tobacco smoke, contaminated house dust or soil, among others. The objectives of this study were: to establish methods for measuring total PAH exposure of children in low-income families, to estimate the PAH exposures of these children, and to estimate the relative importance of the environmental pathways for PAH exposure. Analytical methods to determine PAH in air, dust, soil, and food and to determine hydroxy-PAH in urine samples were evaluated and validated. A two-home pilot study was conducted in downtown Durham, North Carolina (NC) during February 1994. One smoker's and one nonsmoker's household, which had preschool children and income at or below the official U.S. poverty level, participated. A nine-home winter and a nine-home summer study were conducted in Durham and the NC Piedmont area during February 1995 and August 1995, respectively. A summer study in four smokers' homes was also conducted. In each of these studies, multimedia samples were collected and analyzed for PAH or hydroxy-PAH. Summary statistics, Pearson correlations, and analysis of variance were performed on the combined data from these four field studies. An effective screening method was established for recruiting low-income families. The field protocol involved measurements of three homes in 2-day periods. This protocol should be suitable for large-scale studies. The results showed that indoor PAH levels were generally higher than outdoor PAH levels. Higher indoor PAH levels were observed in the smokers' homes compared to nonsmokers' homes. Higher outdoor PAH levels were found in inner city as opposed to rural areas. The relative concentration trend for PAH in dust and soil was: house dust > entryway dust > pathway soil. The PAH concentrations in adults' food samples were generally higher than those in children's food samples. Children's potential daily doses of PAH were higher than those of adults in the same household, when intakes were normalized to body weights. Inhalation is an important pathway for children's exposure to total PAH because of the high levels of naphthalene present in both indoor and outdoor air. Dietary ingestion and nondietary ingestion pathways became more important for children's exposure to the B2 PAH (ranked as probable human carcinogens, B2 by the U.S. EPA's Integrated Risk System), most of which are of low volatility. The analysis of variance results showed that inner city participants had higher total exposure to B2 PAH than did rural participants. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Chuang, J C AU - Callahan, P J AU - Lyu, C W AU - Wilson, N K AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. chuangj@battelle.org PY - 1999 SP - 85 EP - 98 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Soil KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Index Medicus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Ventilation KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Rural Population KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Child, Preschool KW - Adult KW - North Carolina KW - Seasons KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Urban Population KW - Quality Control KW - Poverty KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- analysis KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- urine KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69747296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+exposures+of+children+in+low-income+families.&rft.au=Chuang%2C+J+C%3BCallahan%2C+P+J%3BLyu%2C+C+W%3BWilson%2C+N+K&rft.aulast=Chuang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a personal air sampler for twenty-four hour collection of fine particles and semivolatile organics. AN - 69745512; 10321355 AB - The U.S. EPA has conducted an evaluation of a commercially available lightweight fine particle personal sampler for use in human exposure and biomarker studies involving 24-h collections of particulate matter, particle-bound organics such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and semivolatile organics (PAHs). Independent laboratory evaluation of the prototype design, intended to produce a 2.5-micron aerodynamic diameter cut-point at a flow between 1.5 and 1.7 lpm (liters per minute), indicated that at a challenge flow rate of 1.5 lpm, the sampler provided an aerodynamic cut-point (dp50) of only 1.7 microns. The variance between expected size selection resulted from the prototype's jet diameter dimension being inadvertently based upon a flow rate of 2.0 lpm rather than an intended 1.5-1.7 lpm. Other aerodynamic factors not presently accounted for may also have played an influence. Extrapolated cut-points for flow rates at 1 and 3 lpm for the prototype were determined to be 2.1 and 1.2 microns, respectively. Total losses attributed to unwanted particle retention within the sampler ranged from 10% for 0.91 micron size particles to essentially zero approaching diameters greater than 2.0 microns. The ambient concentration of particles (< 1.7 microns) needed for acceptable gravimetric filter measurements involving 24-h sample collection was determined to be 10 micrograms/m3. Investigation of the sampler to retain and recover PAHs using XAD-2 resin, often of importance in human exposure biomarker studies, indicated that corrected recoveries between 94% and 108% could be obtained for 16 priority pollutant PAH species. Overall evaluation of the personal monitor indicates that it has research utility due to its modular features and size but reconfiguration should be performed that would permit true PM2.5 size selection. The current configuration collects particles less than 2.5 microns at approximately 95% collection efficiency. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Williams, R W AU - Watts, R R AU - Stevens, R K AU - Stone, C L AU - Lewtas, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. williams.ronald@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 158 EP - 166 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Index Medicus KW - Filtration KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69745512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+personal+air+sampler+for+twenty-four+hour+collection+of+fine+particles+and+semivolatile+organics.&rft.au=Williams%2C+R+W%3BWatts%2C+R+R%3BStevens%2C+R+K%3BStone%2C+C+L%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1999 May-Jun;9(3):268 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative study of spray booth filter system efficiency. AN - 69690353; 10202455 AB - During recent years, greater emphasis has been placed on the control of particulate emissions from painting operations. This has gained more importance as more is learned about the potential release of toxic metals to the atmosphere from painting operations. This has led to queries about the efficiency of various painting arrestor systems to reduce particulate discharges to the atmosphere. Even more important is the capability of the arrestor systems to control PM10 emissions. In 1995, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated a study to evaluate various dry paint overspray arrestor systems. This study was designed to evaluate not only the total emissions control capability of the arrestor but also the PM10 control capability of the various system designs. Paint overspray arrestor systems using five different filtration concepts or materials were selected. They include systems constructed of fiberglass, paper, Styrofoam, and cardboard materials. These systems used filtration techniques incorporating the following filtration phenomena and designs: cyclone, baffle, bag systems, and mesh systems. The testing used an optical particle counting procedure to determine the concentration of particles of a given size fraction to penetrate a test arrestor system. The results of the testing indicated that there are significant differences in the efficiency of the tested system designs to capture and retain PM10. This paper summarizes the results of the research conducted to determine the capability of the arrestor systems to capture particulate of sizes down to approximately 1 micron in surface diameter. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) AU - Darvin, C H AU - Cox, L S AU - Smith, D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. darvin.charles@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 339 EP - 344 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Filtration KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Particle Size KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Paintings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69690353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.atitle=Comparative+study+of+spray+booth+filter+system+efficiency.&rft.au=Darvin%2C+C+H%3BCox%2C+L+S%3BSmith%2C+D&rft.aulast=Darvin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile organic compound emissions from latex paint--Part 1. Chamber experiments and source model development. AN - 69677541; 10195271 AB - Latex paints are widely used in residential and commercial indoor environments. The surface areas covered by the paints in these environments are relatively large. Thus, latex paints have the potential for having a major impact on indoor air quality (IAQ). A study was undertaken to develop methods for evaluating the impact of latex paint emission on IAQ. Small chamber experiments using stainless steel and painted and unpainted gypsum board substrates were conducted to determine the emission characteristics of latex paint. The emissions from the stainless steel were relatively short lived (3 to 4 days), whereas the emissions from gypsum board lasted for over 200 days. Because gypsum board is a common substrate for latex paint, all emission models were developed for the gypsum board substrates. The data from the small chamber tests led to the development of two empirical and two mass-transfer-based source emission models. Approximately 100 to 200 days of data were required to estimate the parameters required for the empirical models. Only 8 days of data were required to estimate the parameters for the mass-transfer-based models. The final models use paint formulation and mass transfer correlations to predict the emissions of the major individual volatile organic compounds emitted by latex paint. JF - Indoor air AU - Sparks, L E AU - Guo, Z AU - Chang, J C AU - Tichenor, B A AD - Indoor Environment Management Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 10 EP - 17 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Latex KW - 0 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Chemical KW - Organic Chemicals -- chemistry KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Paint KW - Latex -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69677541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Volatile+organic+compound+emissions+from+latex+paint--Part+1.+Chamber+experiments+and+source+model+development.&rft.au=Sparks%2C+L+E%3BGuo%2C+Z%3BChang%2C+J+C%3BTichenor%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Retraction In: Grimsrud D. Indoor Air. 2000 Jun;10(2):136 [12025810] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile organic compound emissions from latex paint--Part 2. Test house studies and indoor air quality (IAQ) modeling. AN - 69677478; 10195272 AB - Emission models developed using small chamber data were combined with an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) model to analyze the impact of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from latex paint on indoor environments. Test house experiments were conducted to verify the IAQ model's predictions. The agreement between model predictions and experimental measurements met the American Society for Testing and Materials criteria for model verification in the room with the source and met most of the requirements in other rooms. The major cause of disagreement between the model predictions and the experimental data in the test house appears to be an inadequate sink model. JF - Indoor air AU - Sparks, L E AU - Guo, Z AU - Chang, J C AU - Tichenor, B A AD - Indoor Environment Management Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 18 EP - 25 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Latex KW - 0 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Index Medicus KW - Housing KW - Organic Chemicals -- chemistry KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Paint KW - Models, Chemical KW - Latex -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69677478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Volatile+organic+compound+emissions+from+latex+paint--Part+2.+Test+house+studies+and+indoor+air+quality+%28IAQ%29+modeling.&rft.au=Sparks%2C+L+E%3BGuo%2C+Z%3BChang%2C+J+C%3BTichenor%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Retraction In: Grimsrud D. Indoor Air. 2000 Jun;10(2):136 [12025810] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell proliferation in nasal respiratory epithelium of people exposed to urban pollution. AN - 69668433; 10190550 AB - The nasal passages are a common portal of entry and are a prime site for toxicant-induced pathology. Sustained increases in regenerative cell proliferation can be a significant driving force in chemical carcinogenesis. The atmosphere in Mexico City contains a complex mixture of air pollutants and its residents are exposed chronically and sequentially to numerous toxicants and potential carcinogens. We were concerned that exposure to Mexico City's atmosphere might induce cytotoxicity and increase nasal respiratory epithelial cell proliferation. Nasal biopsies were obtained for DNA cell cycle analysis from 195 volunteers. The control population consisted of 16 adults and 27 children that were residents in a Caribbean island with low pollution. The exposed Mexico City population consisted of 109 adults and 43 children. Sixty-one of the adult subjects were newly arrived in Mexico City and were followed for 25 days from their arrival. Control children, control adult and exposed Mexico City children all had similar percentages of cells in the replicative DNA synthesis phase (S phase) of the cell cycle (%S). A significant increase in %S in nasal epithelial cells was seen in exposed adult residents in Mexico City biopsied at three different dates compared with control adults. Newly arrived adults exhibited a control level of cell turnover at day 2 after coming to the city. However, at days 7, 14 and 25 they exhibited significant increases in %S. These data demonstrate an increased and sustained nasal cell turnover rate in the adult population observable in as little as 1 week of residence in Mexico City. This increase in cell proliferation is in agreement with other reports of induced pathological changes in the nasal passages of Mexico City dwellers. These observations suggest an increased potential risk factor of developing nasal neoplasms for residents of large cities with heavy pollution. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Calderón-Garcidueñas, L AU - Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A AU - Garcia, R AU - Barragan, G AU - Villarreal-Calderón, A AU - Madden, M C AD - Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. calderon.lilian@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 383 EP - 389 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mexico KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Cell Cycle KW - Male KW - Female KW - Nasal Mucosa -- cytology KW - Nasal Mucosa -- drug effects KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Urban Population KW - Cell Division UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69668433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Cell+proliferation+in+nasal+respiratory+epithelium+of+people+exposed+to+urban+pollution.&rft.au=Calder%C3%B3n-Garcidue%C3%B1as%2C+L%3BRodriguez-Alcaraz%2C+A%3BGarcia%2C+R%3BBarragan%2C+G%3BVillarreal-Calder%C3%B3n%2C+A%3BMadden%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Calder%C3%B3n-Garcidue%C3%B1as&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory approaches for controlling pesticide residues in food animals. AN - 69644985; 10088214 AB - Pesticide use is vital to the production of an economical, high-quality food supply throughout the world. The regulatory system in the United States is designed to prevent the entry of unacceptable residues into the food supply. To address the complexities associated with pesticide use, the regulatory apparatus is composed of several federal and numerous state agencies. Based on monitoring results, it appears that most pesticides are being used in the appropriate manner and that thresholds for pesticides, deemed to be adequate to protect human health, are seldom exceeded. With our increasing knowledge of the public health and ecologic threats posed by pesticide residues, our approach to regulating pesticides will continue to evolve. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Landy, R B AU - Kim, I S AU - Lee, Y AU - Hoffman, M K AD - EPA, Office of Research and Development, Annapolis, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 89 EP - 107 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - State Government KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Legislation, Food KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69644985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Regulatory+approaches+for+controlling+pesticide+residues+in+food+animals.&rft.au=Landy%2C+R+B%3BKim%2C+I+S%3BLee%2C+Y%3BHoffman%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Landy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water environment problems in the Nansihu Lake area, Shandong, China AN - 52404662; 2000-010930 AB - Nansihu lake, one of the major freshwater lakes in China, is regarded as important water resources in Shandong Province. With construction of the energy base and the development of social economy, many environmental problems in the utilization of water resources and the exploitation of coal resources have been raised in the area. This paper discusses the condition and causes of formation and development of these problems such as falling of ground water stage, water pollution, lake swamping, surface subsidence, soil and water erosion, soil salinization. In the end, some countermeasures of protecting the water environment of this area are put forward. JF - Hupo Kexue = Journal of Lake Sciences AU - Zhang, Zulu AU - Sun, Qingyi AU - Peng, Limin AU - Niu, Zhenguo AU - Wu, Aimin Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 86 EP - 90 PB - Science Press, Beijing VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1003-5427, 1003-5427 KW - protection KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - Far East KW - surface water KW - lakes KW - pollution KW - limnology KW - Nansihu Lake KW - Shandong China KW - Asia KW - China KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52404662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hupo+Kexue+%3D+Journal+of+Lake+Sciences&rft.atitle=Water+environment+problems+in+the+Nansihu+Lake+area%2C+Shandong%2C+China&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Zulu%3BSun%2C+Qingyi%3BPeng%2C+Limin%3BNiu%2C+Zhenguo%3BWu%2C+Aimin&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Zulu&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hupo+Kexue+%3D+Journal+of+Lake+Sciences&rft.issn=10035427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Chinese DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; China; Far East; hydrology; lakes; limnology; Nansihu Lake; pollution; protection; Shandong China; surface water; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of input parameters and model choice in predicting the rate of leaching of pesticides in the vadose zone AN - 52288334; 2001-002104 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Matzner, R A AU - Barrett, M R AU - Libelo, E L AU - Peckenpaugh, J M AU - Pisigan, R A AU - Wolf, J K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 EP - unpaginated PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 217 IS - Part 1 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - unsaturated zone KW - theoretical models KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - rates KW - calibration KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52288334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=The+role+of+input+parameters+and+model+choice+in+predicting+the+rate+of+leaching+of+pesticides+in+the+vadose+zone&rft.au=Matzner%2C+R+A%3BBarrett%2C+M+R%3BLibelo%2C+E+L%3BPeckenpaugh%2C+J+M%3BPisigan%2C+R+A%3BWolf%2C+J+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Matzner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=Part+1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0841236720&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Chemical Society 217th national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; calibration; ground water; leaching; pesticides; pollution; prediction; rates; theoretical models; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic adsorption on kaolin group minerals AN - 52279917; 2001-002235 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Lin, Zhixun AU - Puls, Robert W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 EP - unpaginated PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 217 IS - Part 1 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - toxic materials KW - desorption KW - clastic sediments KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - kaolinite KW - adsorption KW - layered materials KW - clay minerals KW - hydroxyl ion KW - mineral composition KW - metals KW - sediments KW - kaolin KW - sheet silicates KW - halloysite KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52279917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Arsenic+adsorption+on+kaolin+group+minerals&rft.au=Lin%2C+Zhixun%3BPuls%2C+Robert+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Zhixun&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=Part+1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0841236720&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Chemical Society 217th national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; arsenic; clastic sediments; clay minerals; desorption; halloysite; hydroxyl ion; kaolin; kaolinite; layered materials; metals; mineral composition; pollution; sediments; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; toxic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Background on the wells G & H Superfund site in Woburn, Massachusetts, from the U. S. EPA perspective AN - 52147640; 2002-018457 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Muench, M Gretchen AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 59 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - Middlesex County Massachusetts KW - drinking water KW - cost KW - Woburn Massachusetts KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - Massachusetts KW - water wells KW - Superfund sites KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52147640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Background+on+the+wells+G+%26amp%3B+H+Superfund+site+in+Woburn%2C+Massachusetts%2C+from+the+U.+S.+EPA+perspective&rft.au=Muench%2C+M+Gretchen%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Muench&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 34rd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; cost; drinking water; government agencies; ground water; Massachusetts; Middlesex County Massachusetts; pollution; remediation; Superfund sites; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; water wells; Woburn Massachusetts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of remediation of the wells G & H Superfund site AN - 52145763; 2002-018352 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Garren, Mary E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 17 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United Sta