TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatocarcinogenicity in the male B6C3F1 mouse following a lifetime exposure to dichloroacetic acid in the drinking water: dose-response determination and modes of action. AN - 69398498; 10632141 AB - Male B6C3F, mice were exposed to dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in the drinking water in order to establish a dose response for the induction of hepatocellular cancer and to examine several modes of action for the carcinogenic process. Groups of animals were exposed to control, 0.05, 0.5, 1, 2, or 3.5 g/L DCA in the drinking water for 90-100 wk. Mean daily doses (MDD) of 8, 84, 168, 315, and 429 mg/kg/d of DCA were calculated. The prevalence (percent of animals) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) was significantly increased in the 1-g/L (71%), 2-g/L (95%), and 3.5-g/L (100%) treatment groups when compared to the control (26%). HC multiplicity (tumors/animal) was significantly increased by all DCA treatments-0.05 g/L (0.58), 0.5 g/L (0.68), 1 g/L (1.29), 2 g/L (2.47), and 3.5 g/L (2.90)-compared to the control group (0.28). Based upon HC multiplicity, a no-observed-effect level (NOEL) for hepatocarcinogenicity could not be determined. Hepatic peroxisome proliferation was significantly increased only for 3.5 g/L DCA treatment at 26 wk. and did not correlate with the liver tumor response. The severity of hepatotoxicity increased with DCA concentration. Below 1 g/L, hepatotoxicity was mild and transient as demonstrated by the severity indices and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity. An analysis of generalized hepatocyte proliferation reflected the mild hepatotoxicity and demonstrated no significant treatment effects on the labeling index of hepatocytes outside proliferative lesions. Consequently, the induction of liver cancer by DCA does not appear to be conditional upon peroxisome induction or chemically sustained cell proliferation. Hepatotoxicity, especially at the higher doses, may exert an important influence on the carcinogenic process. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - DeAngelo, A B AU - George, M H AU - House, D E AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. deangelo.anthony@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12/24/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 24 SP - 485 EP - 507 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Dichloroacetic Acid KW - 9LSH52S3LQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Dichloroacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- mortality KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69398498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Hepatocarcinogenicity+in+the+male+B6C3F1+mouse+following+a+lifetime+exposure+to+dichloroacetic+acid+in+the+drinking+water%3A+dose-response+determination+and+modes+of+action.&rft.au=DeAngelo%2C+A+B%3BGeorge%2C+M+H%3BHouse%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=DeAngelo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-12-24&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of central and peripheral cholinergic antagonists on chlorpyrifos-induced changes in body temperature in the rat. AN - 69416764; 10647915 AB - Exposure to the organophosphate (OP)-based pesticide chlorpyrifos (CHP) in the rat results in an initial period of hypothermia lasting < 24 h, followed by a fever lasting 48-72 h. The purpose of this study was to determine how cholinergic pathways participate in the mediation of the thermoregulatory effects of CHP. The corn oil (CO) vehicle or CHP (25 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered to female rats while core temperature (Tc) and motor activity (MA) were monitored by radiotelemetry. The peripheral muscarinic antagonist, methyl scopolamine (MS) and central antagonist, scopolamine (S) were administered during the period of CHP-induced hypothermia and fever. The hypothermia was attenuated by scopolamine but not by methyl scopolamine. The delayed fever was augmented by scopolamine but blocked by methyl scopolamine. The results indicate that CHP-induced hypothermia is mediated by cholinergic stimulation of heat loss pathways in CNS thermoregulatory centers. Peripheral cholinergic pathways appear to have a minimal role in mediating chlorpyrifos-induced hypothermia. On the other hand, the chlorpyrifos-induced fever appears to be mediated by a peripheral pathway that is blocked by methyl scopolamine. The data provides a possible explanation for the persistent fever in humans exposed to OP pesticides and treated with atropine. Methyl atropine or methyl scopolamine may be a more effective therapy in the treatment of the fever. JF - Toxicology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Grantham, T A AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. gordon.christopher@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12/20/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 20 SP - 15 EP - 28 VL - 142 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Muscarinic Antagonists KW - Scopolamine Hydrobromide KW - 451IFR0GXB KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - N-Methylscopolamine KW - VDR09VTQ8U KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Hypothermia -- physiopathology KW - Hypothermia -- chemically induced KW - Cholinergic Fibers -- physiology KW - Fever -- physiopathology KW - Cholinergic Fibers -- drug effects KW - Female KW - N-Methylscopolamine -- pharmacology KW - Scopolamine Hydrobromide -- pharmacology KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Muscarinic Antagonists -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69416764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+central+and+peripheral+cholinergic+antagonists+on+chlorpyrifos-induced+changes+in+body+temperature+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BGrantham%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-20&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of the chlorotriazine herbicide, cyanazine, on GABA sub(A) receptors in cortical tissue from rat brain AN - 17469087; 4675540 AB - Chlorotriazine herbicides disrupt luteinizing hormone (LH) release in female rats following in vivo exposure. Although the mechanism of action is unknown, significant evidence suggests that inhibition of LH release by chlorotriazines may be mediated by effects in the central nervous system. GABA sub(A) receptors are important for neuronal regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone and LH release. The ability of chlorotriazine herbicides to interact with GABA sub(A) receptors was examined by measuring their effects on [ super(3)H]muscimol, [ super(3)H]Ro15-4513 and [ super(35)S]tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) binding to rat cortical membranes. Cyanazine (1-400 mu M) inhibited [ super(3)H]Ro15-4513 binding with an IC sub(50) of approximately 105 mu M (n = 4). Atrazine (1-400 mu M) also inhibited [ super(3)H]Ro15-4513 binding, but was less potent than cyanazine (IC sub(50) = 305 mu M). However, the chlorotriazine metabolites diaminochlorotriazine, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-s-triazine and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine were without significant effect on [ super(3)H]Ro15-4513 binding. Cyanazine and the other chlorotriazines were without effect on [ super(3)H]muscimol or [ super(35)S]TBPS binding. To examine whether cyanazine altered GABA sub(A) receptor function, GABA-stimulated super(36)Cl super(-) flux into synaptoneurosomes was examined. Cyanazine (50-100 mu M) alone did not significantly decrease GABA-stimulated super(36)Cl super(-) flux. Diazepam (10 mu M) and pentobarbital (100 mu M) potentiated GABA-stimulated super(36)Cl super(-) flux to 126 and 166% of control, respectively. At concentrations of 50 and 100 mu M, cyanazine decreased potentiation by diazepam to 112 and 97% of control, respectively, and decreased potentiation by pentobarbital to 158 and 137% of control (n = 6). Interestingly, at lower concentrations (5 mu M), cyanazine shifted the EC sub(50) for GABA-stimulated super(36)Cl super(-) flux into synaptoneurosomes from 28.9 to 19.4 mu M, respectively (n = 5). These results suggest that cyanazine modulates benzodiazepine, but not the muscimol (GABA receptor site) or TBPS (Cl super(-) channel), binding sites on GABA sub(A) receptors. Furthermore, at low concentrations, cyanazine may slightly enhance function of GABA sub(A) receptors, but at higher concentrations, cyanazine antagonizes GABA sub(A) receptor function and in particular antagonizes the positive modulatory effects of diazepam and pentobarbital. JF - Toxicology AU - Shafer, T J AU - Ward, T R AU - Meacham, CA AU - Cooper, R L AD - Neurotoxicology Division, MD-74B, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, shafer.tim@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12/20/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 20 SP - 57 EP - 68 VL - 142 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - rats KW - benzodiazepine KW - chlorotriazines KW - cyanazine KW - diazepam KW - pentobarbital KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Phenobarbital KW - ^g-Aminobutyric acid receptors KW - Diazepam KW - Brain KW - Herbicides KW - g-Aminobutyric acid receptors KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24135:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17469087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+chlorotriazine+herbicide%2C+cyanazine%2C+on+GABA+sub%28A%29+receptors+in+cortical+tissue+from+rat+brain&rft.au=Shafer%2C+T+J%3BWard%2C+T+R%3BMeacham%2C+CA%3BCooper%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Shafer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-12-20&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brain; g-Aminobutyric acid receptors; Herbicides; Phenobarbital; Diazepam; ^g-Aminobutyric acid receptors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of arsenic exposure on the frequency of HPRT-mutant lymphocytes in a population of copper roasters in Antofagasta, Chile: a pilot study. AN - 69413743; 10635991 AB - A pilot biomarker study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a biomarker for detecting genetic effects of arsenic exposure. Blood and urine samples were obtained from workers highly exposed to arsenic in a copper roasting plant in Antofagasta, Chile. Individuals were classified according to their job titles into three potential exposure groups: high, medium, and low. To confirm exposure, arsenic concentration was determined in urine samples. The HPRT mutant frequencies were measured in lymphocytes from 15 individuals ranging in age from 24 to 66 years. The mean mutant frequencies for the three exposure groups were: low (9 x 10(-6)), medium (11 x 10(-6)), and high (24 x 10(-6)). An increased mutant frequency was observed in the highly exposed group, but the response was so slight that it is not likely that this assay will be capable of providing dose-response information across a range of lower, more typical environmental arsenic levels. JF - Mutation research AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Cabrera, M AU - Collard, D D AU - Doerr, C L AU - McConnell, R AU - Moore, M M AU - Sandoval, H AU - Fuscoe, J C AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/12/17/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 17 SP - 247 EP - 257 VL - 431 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetics, Population KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Pilot Projects KW - Chile KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Middle Aged KW - Lymphocytes -- physiology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Metallurgy KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- drug effects KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69413743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+arsenic+exposure+on+the+frequency+of+HPRT-mutant+lymphocytes+in+a+population+of+copper+roasters+in+Antofagasta%2C+Chile%3A+a+pilot+study.&rft.au=Harrington-Brock%2C+K%3BCabrera%2C+M%3BCollard%2C+D+D%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BMcConnell%2C+R%3BMoore%2C+M+M%3BSandoval%2C+H%3BFuscoe%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Harrington-Brock&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-17&rft.volume=431&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental exposure to a commercial PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) produces a persistent impairment in long-term potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus in vivo AN - 18589563; 5360432 AB - Developmental exposure to polycholorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated with cognitive deficits in humans and laboratory animals. The present study sought to examine synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for some types of memory function, in animals exposed to PCBs early in development. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were administered either corn oil (control) or 6 mg/kg/day of a commercial PCB mixture, Aroclor 1254 (A1254) by gavage from gestational day (GD) 6 until pups were weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21. In adult male offspring (3-6 months of age), field potentials evoked by perforant path stimulation were recorded in the dentate gyrus under urethane anesthesia. Input/output (I/O) functions were assessed by averaging the response evoked in the dentate gyrus to stimulus pulses delivered to the perforant path in an ascending intensity series. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced by delivering a series of brief high frequency (400 Hz) train bursts to the perforant path at a moderate stimulus intensity and I/O functions were reassessed 1 h later. No differences in baseline synaptic population spike (PS) and minor effects on excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope amplitudes were discerned between the groups prior to train delivery. Post-train I/O functions, however, revealed a 50% decrement in the magnitude of LTP in PCB-exposed animals. These data are the first to demonstrate persistent decrements in hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the intact animal following developmental exposure to PCBs. Disruption of early brain ontogeny due to developmental PCB exposure may underlie perturbations in the neurological substrates that support synaptic plasticity and contribute to deficits in LTP and learning that persist into adulthood. JF - Brain Research AU - Gilbert, ME AU - Crofton, K M AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC USA Y1 - 1999/12/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 11 SP - 87 EP - 95 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 850 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Prenatal experience KW - Hippocampus KW - Brain KW - Plasticity (synaptic) KW - Dentate gyrus KW - Long-term potentiation KW - Teratogenicity KW - Aroclor 1254 KW - PCB KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18589563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Developmental+exposure+to+a+commercial+PCB+mixture+%28Aroclor+1254%29+produces+a+persistent+impairment+in+long-term+potentiation+in+the+rat+dentate+gyrus+in+vivo&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+ME%3BCrofton%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1999-12-11&rft.volume=850&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PCB; Aroclor 1254; Dentate gyrus; Brain; Prenatal experience; Teratogenicity; Hippocampus; Long-term potentiation; Plasticity (synaptic) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of low-VOC latex paints. AN - 69419464; 10649858 AB - Four commercially available low-volatile organic compound (VOC) latex paints were evaluated as substitutes for conventional latex paints by assessing both their emission characteristics and their performance as coatings. Bulk analysis indicated that the VOC contents of all four paints tested were considerably lower than those of conventional latex paints. Low VOC emissions were confirmed by small chamber emission tests. However, significant emissions of several aldehydes, especially formaldehyde which is a hazardous air pollutant, were detected in emissions from two of the four paints. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods were used to evaluate the hiding power, scrub resistance, washability, dry to touch and yellowness index. The results indicated that one of the four low-VOC paints tested showed performance equivalent or superior to that of a conventional latex paint used as control. It was concluded that low-VOC latex paint can be a viable option to replace conventional latex paints for prevention of indoor air pollution. However, paints marketed as "low-VOC" may still have significant emissions of some individual VOCs, and some may not have performance characteristics matching those of conventional latex paints. JF - Indoor air AU - Chang, J C AU - Fortmann, R AU - Roache, N AU - Lao, H C AD - Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. jchang@engineer.aeerl.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 253 EP - 258 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Fixatives KW - 0 KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - Volatilization KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Paint KW - Formaldehyde -- analysis KW - Fixatives -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69419464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+CLEANUP+2000%3A+reforms+to+the+RCRA+corrective+action+programme&rft.au=Donovan%2C+K&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-09 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change? AN - 69370242; 10592150 AB - During the last three decades, the impact of chemical pollution has focused almost exclusively on the conventional "priority" pollutants, especially those acutely toxic/carcinogenic pesticides and industrial intermediates displaying persistence in the environment. This spectrum of chemicals, however, is only one piece of the larger puzzle in "holistic" risk assessment. Another diverse group of bioactive chemicals receiving comparatively little attention as potential environmental pollutants includes the pharmaceuticals and active ingredients in personal care products (in this review collectively termed PPCPs), both human and veterinary, including not just prescription drugs and biologics, but also diagnostic agents, "nutraceuticals," fragrances, sun-screen agents, and numerous others. These compounds and their bioactive metabolites can be continually introduced to the aquatic environment as complex mixtures via a number of routes but primarily by both untreated and treated sewage. Aquatic pollution is particularly troublesome because aquatic organisms are captive to continual life-cycle, multigenerational exposure. The possibility for continual but undetectable or unnoticed effects on aquatic organisms is particularly worrisome because effects could accumulate so slowly that major change goes undetected until the cumulative level of these effects finally cascades to irreversible change--change that would otherwise be attributed to natural adaptation or ecologic succession. As opposed to the conventional, persistent priority pollutants, PPCPs need not be persistent if they are continually introduced to surface waters, even at low parts-per-trillion/parts-per-billion concentrations (ng-microg/L). Even though some PPCPs are extremely persistent and introduced to the environment in very high quantities and perhaps have already gained ubiquity worldwide, others could act as if they were persistent, simply because their continual infusion into the aquatic environment serves to sustain perpetual life-cycle exposures for aquatic organisms. This review attempts to synthesize the literature on environmental origin, distribution/occurrence, and effects and to catalyze a more focused discussion in the environmental science community. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Daughton, C G AU - Ternes, T A AD - Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/NERL, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119, USA. daughton.christian@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 907 EP - 938 VL - 107 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Cosmetics KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Public Health KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Cosmetics -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69370242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Pharmaceuticals+and+personal+care+products+in+the+environment%3A+agents+of+subtle+change%3F&rft.au=Daughton%2C+C+G%3BTernes%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Daughton&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=107+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-10 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Jun 18;235(2):336-42 [9199193] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 May 27;94(11):5939-42 [9159179] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Jun;105 Suppl 4:855-60 [9255572] Toxicol Ind Health. 1998 Jan-Apr;14(1-2):341-59 [9460185] J Exp Zool. 1998 Feb 15;280(3):260-4 [9472482] Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):996-7 [9490487] Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1153-4 [9508688] Anticancer Res. 1998 Jan-Feb;18(1A):449-52 [9568118] Chemosphere. 1998 Jan;36(2):357-93 [9569937] Mutat Res. 1998 Jun;410(3):223-36 [9630643] Mutat Res. 1998 Mar 13;399(1):43-53 [9635488] Science. 1998 Jul 10;281(5374):257-9 [9657720] Science. 1998 Jul 10;281(5374):149, 151 [9687270] Science. 1998 Aug 7;281(5378):785 [9714682] Nature. 1998 Aug 6;394(6693):531-2 [9707111] J Rheumatol. 1998 Aug;25(8):1451-3 [9712081] J Chromatogr A. 1998 Jul 24;814(1-2):187-97 [9718694] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1998 Sep;28(5):431-76 [9793747] Science. 1998 Nov 27;282(5394):1644 [9867663] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1998 Nov;153(1):12-9 [9875295] Anal Chem. 1999 Jan 15;71(2):373-8 [9949728] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):101-8 [10028707] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):109-18 [10028708] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):119-33 [10028709] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):135-41 [10028710] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):143-53 [10028711] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):155-65 [10028712] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jan 12;225(1-2):167-76 [10028713] Pharm Res. 1999 Apr;16(4):478-85 [10227700] Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1853-5 [10515789] Life Sci. 1977 Jan 15;20(2):337-41 [839964] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1981 May;26(5):656-62 [7260436] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1983 Jan;12(1):83-9 [6830312] J Appl Bacteriol. 1984 Oct;57(2):247-61 [6501119] J Pharm Pharmacol. 1985 Jan;37(1):1-12 [2858520] Vet Hum Toxicol. 1986;28 Suppl 1:2-8 [3151420] Vet Hum Toxicol. 1986;28 Suppl 1:38-44 [3334693] J Pharm Pharmacol. 1989 Oct;41(10):735-6 [2575159] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1992;22(1):23-43 [1352103] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1993 Sep;51(3):361-6 [8219590] Science. 1996 Jun 7;272(5267):1489-92 [8633243] Sci Total Environ. 1996 Jun 21;185(1-3):3-26 [8643958] Chemosphere. 1996 Jul;33(1):17-28 [8680828] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Feb;105 Suppl 1:21-35 [9114275] Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1997 Mar;36(2):174-9 [9126435] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;25(3):220-5 [9237324] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased specific airway reactivity of persons with mild allergic asthma after 7.6 hours of exposure to 0.16 ppm ozone. AN - 69340656; 10589001 AB - Exposure to ozone causes decrements in lung function, increased airway reactivity to nonspecific bronchoconstrictors, and lung inflammation. Epidemiology studies show an association between ambient oxidant levels and increased asthma attacks and hospital admissions. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the response of persons with mild asthma to inhaled allergen after ozone exposure conditions similar to those observed in urban areas of the United States. Using a double-blind, counter-balanced design, we exposed 9 (5 women and 4 men) subjects with mild atopic asthma (house dust mite sensitive) to clean air and to 0.16 ppm ozone for 7.6 hours; exposures were separated by a minimum of 4 weeks. During exposure, subjects performed light exercise (ventilation = 24 L/min) for 50 minutes of each hour, and pulmonary function was evaluated before and after exposures. The morning after exposure, subjects underwent bronchial challenge with inhaled house dust mite allergen (Dermatophagoides farinae). Using a series of doubling allergen concentrations, subjects inhaled 5 breaths of nebulized allergen (0.06 to 500 AU/mL) at 10-minute intervals until a minimum of a 20% decrement in FEV(1) was elicited. Compared with the change in FEV(1) during air exposure, there was a mean 9.1% +/- 2.5% (SEM) decrement in FEV(1) observed because of ozone (P <.01). Seven of the 9 subjects required less allergen after ozone exposure than after air exposure; there was a 0.58 mean dose shift in the doubling concentration of allergen attributable to the ozone exposure (P =.03). These findings indicate that exposure of subjects with mild atopic asthma to ozone at levels sufficient to cause modest decrements in lung function also increases the reactivity to allergen. To the extent that this effect occurs in response to ambient exposures, ozone may be contributing to the aggravation of asthma. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Kehrl, H R AU - Peden, D B AU - Ball, B AU - Folinsbee, L J AU - Horstman, D AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Human Studies Division, Clinical Research Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1198 EP - 1204 VL - 104 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Dermatophagoides KW - Glycoproteins KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Histamine KW - 820484N8I3 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Glycoproteins -- immunology KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Histamine -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Mites -- immunology KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ozone -- pharmacology KW - Asthma -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69340656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Increased+specific+airway+reactivity+of+persons+with+mild+allergic+asthma+after+7.6+hours+of+exposure+to+0.16+ppm+ozone.&rft.au=Kehrl%2C+H+R%3BPeden%2C+D+B%3BBall%2C+B%3BFolinsbee%2C+L+J%3BHorstman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kehrl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residual oil fly ash amplifies allergic cytokines, airway responsiveness, and inflammation in mice. AN - 69339617; 10588603 AB - Particulate matter (PM) air pollution may increase symptom severity in allergic asthmatics. To examine possible interaction, or greater than additive responses, between PM effects and allergic responses, an ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged (OVA) mouse model of allergic airways disease was utilized. After challenge, mice were intratracheally instilled with saline vehicle or 3 mg/kg (approximately 60 microg) residual oil fly ash (ROFA), a transition metal-rich emission source PM sample. Physiological and inflammatory responses were examined 1, 3, 8, and 15 d later. In response to intravenously administered methacholine, ROFA increased total respiratory system resistance and decreased compliance 1 d after exposure, whereas effects of OVA lasted at least 15 d after exposure. Significant interactions between OVA and ROFA were mainly observed 8 d after challenge and exposure, especially with respect to compliance. A strong interaction (p < 0.01) between OVA and ROFA exposure resulted in 8-fold (1 d) and 3-fold (3 d) increases in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid eosinophil numbers. A similarly strong interaction (8-fold) was observed in BAL fluid interleukin-4 (IL-4) 1 d after challenge and exposure. Significant though less strong interactions were also found with respect to IL-4 and IL-5 by 3 d postchallenge/exposure. This study shows that allergen challenge and exposure to emission source particulate matter containing relatively high levels of transitions metals can interact to increase Th2 cytokine production, eosinophil recruitment, and airway hyperresponsiveness in previously sensitized mice. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Gavett, S H AU - Madison, S L AU - Stevens, M A AU - Costa, D L AD - Pulmonary Toxicology Branch, Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. gavett.stephen@epamial.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1897 EP - 1904 VL - 160 IS - 6 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Allergens KW - Coal Ash KW - Cytokines KW - Interleukin-5 KW - Particulate Matter KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Ovalbumin KW - 9006-59-1 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Ovalbumin -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- chemically induced KW - Airway Resistance KW - Immunoglobulin E -- blood KW - Bronchial Provocation Tests KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- physiopathology KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Lung Compliance KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Interleukin-4 -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Female KW - Interleukin-5 -- analysis KW - Cytokines -- analysis KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- physiopathology KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- pathology KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- immunology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Carbon -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69339617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Residual+oil+fly+ash+amplifies+allergic+cytokines%2C+airway+responsiveness%2C+and+inflammation+in+mice.&rft.au=Gavett%2C+S+H%3BMadison%2C+S+L%3BStevens%2C+M+A%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Gavett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-04-03 N1 - Date created - 2000-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prepubertal exposure to compounds that increase prolactin secretion in the male rat: effects on the adult prostate. AN - 69295266; 10570013 AB - To test the hypothesis that a transient increase in prolactin (PRL) secretion prior to puberty can result in an alteration of the adult prostate, male rats were exposed from postnatal Days (PND) 22 to 32 to compounds that increase PRL secretion. These compounds included pimozide (a dopamine antagonist), estradiol-17beta, and bisphenol A (a monomer of polycarbonate plastics reported to have weak estrogenic activity). During dosing, pimozide (PIM), bisphenol A (BPA), and estradiol-17beta (E(2)) stimulated an increased secretion of PRL. At 120 days of age, the lateral prostate weight was increased in the PIM and BPA groups as compared to the vehicle-injected controls. Examination of the prostates revealed inflammation in the lateral lobes of all treated groups. Results of a myeloperoxidase assay, a quantitative assay to assess acute inflammation, indicated an increase in the percentage of males with neutrophil infiltrate in the lateral prostates of the PIM and E(2) treatment groups compared to their respective controls. The histological evaluations of these tissues confirmed an increase in luminal polymorphonuclear cells and interstitial mononuclear cells of the lateral prostates in all treatment groups. Administration of the dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, to the estradiol-implanted males from PND 22 to 32 reversed the induction of lateral prostate inflammation by estradiol, suggesting that PRL was necessary for the inflammatory effect. This study demonstrates that prepubertal exposures to compounds that increase PRL secretion, albeit through different mechanisms, can increase the incidence of lateral prostate inflammation in the adult. JF - Biology of reproduction AU - Stoker, T E AU - Robinette, C L AU - Britt, B H AU - Laws, S C AU - Cooper, R L AD - Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. tammy@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 1636 EP - 1643 VL - 61 IS - 6 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Benzhydryl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Antagonists KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Phenols KW - Pimozide KW - 1HIZ4DL86F KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.7 KW - bisphenol A KW - MLT3645I99 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Prostatic Hyperplasia -- etiology KW - Aging KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Pimozide -- pharmacology KW - Peroxidase -- analysis KW - Organ Size KW - Rats KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prostate -- drug effects KW - Prostate -- growth & development KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Prostatitis -- chemically induced KW - Prolactin -- secretion KW - Prostate -- pathology KW - Sexual Maturation KW - Prostatitis -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69295266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.atitle=Prepubertal+exposure+to+compounds+that+increase+prolactin+secretion+in+the+male+rat%3A+effects+on+the+adult+prostate.&rft.au=Stoker%2C+T+E%3BRobinette%2C+C+L%3BBritt%2C+B+H%3BLaws%2C+S+C%3BCooper%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Stoker&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Desorption of pentachlorophenol from soils using mixed solvents AN - 52274803; 2001-005311 JF - Environmental Science & Technology, ES & T AU - Khodadoust, Amid P AU - Suidan, Makram T AU - Sorial, George A AU - Dionysiou, Dionysios D AU - Brenner, Richard C Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 4483 EP - 4491 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 24 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - desorption KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - pentachlorophenol KW - techniques KW - chlorophenols KW - solubility KW - organic compounds KW - solvents KW - isotherms KW - chemical properties KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52274803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.atitle=Desorption+of+pentachlorophenol+from+soils+using+mixed+solvents&rft.au=Khodadoust%2C+Amid+P%3BSuidan%2C+Makram+T%3BSorial%2C+George+A%3BDionysiou%2C+Dionysios+D%3BBrenner%2C+Richard+C&rft.aulast=Khodadoust&rft.aufirst=Amid&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=4483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/journals/esthag/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTHAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical properties; chlorophenols; degradation; desorption; experimental studies; isotherms; organic compounds; pentachlorophenol; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; soil treatment; soils; solubility; solvents; techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cation transport and partitioning during a field test of electroosmosis AN - 50165137; 2000-033118 AB - Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil properties, such as the cation exchange capacity and mineral content, on pH, soluble ion concentrations, and electrical conductivity during electroosmosis in a silty clay soil. The soil is composed mainly of quartz (60%) and smectite/illite (20-29%). The measured cation exchange capacity of the test site soil ranged from 11 to 22 cmol kg (super -1) , which was consistent with the contribution from the clay contents. The exchangeable cations and reserve acidity measurements suggest that the majority of protons that were generated at the anode by electrolysis not only exchanged the base cations but also were adsorbed on the soil minerals. Protons also reacted with the soil minerals and caused the release of dissolved Al (super 3+) , which was then exchanged and adsorbed by the soil minerals. The exchange and adsorption of proton and Al (super 3+) resulted in the decrease of the exchangeable base cations and ion concentrations of the pore fluid. Sorption (exchange and adsorption) and reaction significantly retarded the transport of protons. The apparent retardation factor for protons calculated from the movement of the pH front was of the order of 1000, whereas retardation factors calculated by assuming a Langmuir isotherm ranged from 30 to 6700 in the pH range of 3.6-4.8. The electrical conductivity of the soil also was influenced and dominated by the sorption and reaction of protons. In the region close to the anode where protons were sorbed, the electrical conductivity at the end of the test decreased to 0.37 of the initial value despite the fact that the proton concentration in pore fluid increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude. The results of this study show that soil properties, such as cation exchange capacity and mineral content, have a pronounced effect on solution chemistry and hence the utility of electroosmosis. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Chen, Jiann-Long AU - Al-Abed, Souhail R AU - Bryndzia, L Taras AU - Murdoch, Larry Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 3841 EP - 3851 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 35 IS - 12 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - soils KW - osmosis KW - electro-osmosis KW - concentration KW - sorption KW - electrical conductivity KW - cation exchange capacity KW - variations KW - partitioning KW - mineral composition KW - chemical reactions KW - transport KW - metals KW - aluminum KW - electrolysis KW - cations KW - horizons KW - geochemistry KW - pore water KW - pH KW - field studies KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50165137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Cation+transport+and+partitioning+during+a+field+test+of+electroosmosis&rft.au=Chen%2C+Jiann-Long%3BAl-Abed%2C+Souhail+R%3BBryndzia%2C+L+Taras%3BMurdoch%2C+Larry&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Jiann-Long&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999WR900261 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aluminum; cation exchange capacity; cations; chemical reactions; concentration; electrical conductivity; electro-osmosis; electrolysis; field studies; geochemistry; horizons; metals; mineral composition; osmosis; partitioning; pH; pore water; soils; sorption; transport; variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900261 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Keynote Address to the National Association of Science, Technology and Society on Global Climate Change AN - 21419716; 12443486 JF - Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society AU - McCabe, WMichael AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 468 EP - 473 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0270-4676, 0270-4676 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Climatic changes KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21419716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Science%2C+Technology+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Keynote+Address+to+the+National+Association+of+Science%2C+Technology+and+Society+on+Global+Climate+Change&rft.au=McCabe%2C+WMichael&rft.aulast=McCabe&rft.aufirst=WMichael&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Science%2C+Technology+%26+Society&rft.issn=02704676&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F027046769901900603 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Climatic changes; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027046769901900603 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gestational exposure to methylmercury alters neurotrophin- and carbachol-stimulated phosphatidylinositide hydrolysis in cerebral cortex of neonatal rats AN - 20183878; 10262824 AB - Neurotrophin-stimulated signal transduction through the Trk receptors has been implicated in the development and survival of the nervous system. Phospholipase Cy (PLCy) is an early downstream effector for the Trk receptors, and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositides (PIs) to inositol phosphates (IPs) and diacylglycerol. The current study demonstrated that PI hydrolysis can be used as a measure of Trk stimulation in slices from neonatal rat brain, and examined changes in the ontogeny of neurotrophin-stimulated PI hydrolysis in animals exposed to MeHg during gestation. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stimulated PI hydrolysis in neocortical and cerebellar slices from neonatal rats in a concentration-dependent manner (30--1000 ng/ml). The neurotrophin-stimulated PI hydrolysis was completely blocked by K-252a, a compound known to inhibit Trk autopho-sphorylation. To examine the effects of MeHg on PI hydrolysis, Long-Evans dams were dosed p.o. on gestational days 6--15 with 0 or 2 mg/kg/day MeHg dissolved in saline. Pups were sacrificed on postnatal days (PND) 1, 4, 10, 14, and 21 and brain slices prepared from the neocortex and cerebellum. Neurotrophin-stimulated PI hydrolysis was highest on PND 1--4 and decreased with age in slices from both regions. Prior exposure to MeHg had no effect on NT-3 or BDNF-stimulated PI hydrolysis in the cerebellum; however, in the neocortex carbachol-stimulated PI hydrolysis and NT-3-stimulated PI hydrolysis were decreased on PND 1. In addition, NT-3-stimulated PI hydrolysis was increased on PND 14 compared to controls. Nerve growth factor (NGF), which had no effect in controls, increased PI hydrolysis in MeHg exposed animals. Acute exposure to 10 is a subset of M MeHg increased basal PI hydrolysis in cortical slices and increased NT-3- and BDNF-stimulated PI hydrolysis in slices from the cerebellum. These data indicate that gestational exposure to MeHg can alter neurotrophin signaling in the neocortex at early postnatal times. JF - Neurotoxicity Research AU - Mundy, William R AU - Parran, Damani AU - Barone, Stan AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, MD-74B, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 27711, NC, USA, mundy.william@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 271 EP - 283 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxford OX14 4RN UK, [URL:http://www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk/] VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1029-8428, 1029-8428 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor KW - Nerve growth factor KW - phosphatidylinositides KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Phospholipase C KW - Cerebellum KW - Survival KW - Diacylglycerol KW - Hydrolysis KW - Nervous system KW - Cortex KW - inositol phosphate KW - Trk receptors KW - Gestation KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Dimethylmercury KW - Ontogeny KW - Neonates KW - Neurotrophin 3 KW - Brain slice preparation KW - Signal transduction KW - N3 11007:Neurobiology KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20183878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicity+Research&rft.atitle=Gestational+exposure+to+methylmercury+alters+neurotrophin-+and+carbachol-stimulated+phosphatidylinositide+hydrolysis+in+cerebral+cortex+of+neonatal+rats&rft.au=Mundy%2C+William+R%3BParran%2C+Damani%3BBarone%2C+Stan&rft.aulast=Mundy&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicity+Research&rft.issn=10298428&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF03033257 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Nerve growth factor; Age; phosphatidylinositides; Data processing; Phospholipase C; Cerebellum; Survival; Hydrolysis; Diacylglycerol; Nervous system; Cortex; inositol phosphate; Neurotoxicity; Gestation; Trk receptors; Dimethylmercury; Ontogeny; Brain slice preparation; Neurotrophin 3; Neonates; Signal transduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03033257 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of physicochemical properties from Euclidean distance methods based on electrotopological state indices AN - 17659336; 4651526 AB - This paper describes predictions of log K sub(OW), Henry's Law constant, vapor pressure, and OH-radical bimolecular rate constant from two Euclidean distance methods, using electrotopological state indices as input. The quality of the predictions is highly dependent on the size of the experimental dataset, i. e., the density of experimental data points in the Euclidean space. The Euclidean distance results are compared with predictions made by commercial software products for the same sets of compounds. JF - Chemosphere AU - Cash, G G AD - New Chemicals Screening and Assessment Branch, Risk Assessment Division, (Mail Code 7403), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S. W., Washington, DC 20460 USA; (202) 260-3900, USA, cash.gordon@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 2583 EP - 2591 VL - 39 IS - 14 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Euclidean distance KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Chemicals KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Topography KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17659336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+physicochemical+properties+from+Euclidean+distance+methods+based+on+electrotopological+state+indices&rft.au=Cash%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Cash&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Physicochemical properties; Chemicals; Environmental monitoring; Topography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of artificial intelligence and computer-based methods to predicting chemical toxicity AN - 17601059; 4680113 AB - The toxicity prediction problem lies squarely at the interface of biology, chemistry and computational domains and will require the integrated application of knowledge and approaches from each domain for its solution. It is not a single modeling problem, but rather multiple levels of modeling compartments derived from the goals of toxicity risk assessment. These compartments include different categories and characteristics of toxicity (e.g., cancer vs. non-cancer, acute vs. delayed) and, therein, different levels of biofunctional organization and multiple mechanisms of toxicity extending to the level of individual chemical structures. A toxicity prediction model should strive to resolve the global toxicity prediction problem to local modeling compartments that reflect coherent biofunctional mechanisms and common modes of action while retaining some level of useful generalizations. This paper attempts to use these general concepts to frame the challenges and opportunities for application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and computer-based methods to the goal of chemical toxicity prediction. JF - Knowledge Engineering Review AU - Richard, MA AD - Maildrop 68, National Health & Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, richard.ann@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 307 EP - 317 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0269-8889, 0269-8889 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Toxicity KW - Computer applications KW - Chemical pollution KW - Toxicity testing KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17601059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Knowledge+Engineering+Review&rft.atitle=Application+of+artificial+intelligence+and+computer-based+methods+to+predicting+chemical+toxicity&rft.au=Richard%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Knowledge+Engineering+Review&rft.issn=02698889&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0269888999004038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Toxicity; Computer applications; Artificial intelligence; Chemical pollution; Toxicity testing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0269888999004038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land Treatment of PAH-Contaminated Soil: Performance Measured by Chemical and Toxicity Assays AN - 17596464; 4694575 AB - The performance of a soil remediation process can be determined by measuring the reduction in target soil contaminant concentrations and by assessing the treatment's ability to lower soil toxicity. Land treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil from a former wood-treating site was simulated at pilot scale in temperature-controlled soil pans. Nineteen two- through six-ring PAHs were monitored with time (initial total PAHs = 2800 mg/kg). Twenty-five weeks of treatment yielded a final total PAH level of 1160 mg/kg. Statistically significant decreases in concentrations were seen in total, two-, three-, and four-ring PAHs. Carcinogenic and five- and six-ring PAHs showed no significant change in concentration. Land treatment resulted in significant toxicity reduction based on root elongation, Allium chromosomal aberration, and solid-phase Microtox bioassays. Acute toxicity, as measured by the earthworm survival assay, was significantly reduced and completely removed. The Ames spiral plate mutagenicity assay revealed that the untreated soil was slightly mutagenic and that treatment may have reduced mutagenicity. The variety of results generated from the chemical and toxicity assays emphasize the need for conducting a battery of such tests to fully understand soil remediation processes. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Sayles, G D AU - Acheson, C M AU - Kupferle, MJ AU - Shan, Y AU - Zhou, Q AU - Meier, J R AU - Chang, L AU - Brenner, R C AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory and National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA, sayles.gregory@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Dec 01 SP - 4310 EP - 4317 VL - 33 IS - 23 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - remediation KW - earthworms KW - Microtox KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Mutagenicity KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Toxicity KW - Ames test KW - Mutagenicity testing KW - Oligochaeta KW - Soil pollution KW - Bioassays KW - Toxicity testing KW - Land reclamation KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17596464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Land+Treatment+of+PAH-Contaminated+Soil%3A+Performance+Measured+by+Chemical+and+Toxicity+Assays&rft.au=Sayles%2C+G+D%3BAcheson%2C+C+M%3BKupferle%2C+MJ%3BShan%2C+Y%3BZhou%2C+Q%3BMeier%2C+J+R%3BChang%2C+L%3BBrenner%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Sayles&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=4310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9810181 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oligochaeta; Soil remediation; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Toxicity; Bioassays; Chromosome aberrations; Mutagenicity; Land reclamation; Soil pollution; Toxicity testing; Ames test; Mutagenicity testing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9810181 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method for quantifying the fate of petroleum in the environment AN - 17579735; 4651525 AB - Petroleum is a complex mixture of a wide range of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon compounds of various physical and chemical properties. In recent years, the research on the fate of petroleum in the environment has required analytical methods that can provide more detailed information on the components of petroleum than traditional standard methods. The analytical method presented for aqueous, sediment, and soil samples provides several levels of information on petroleum in the environment. The Total Extractable Materials (TEM) analysis provides a gross measure of petroleum in the environment using methylene chloride extraction and gravimetric analysis. Gross composition analysis separates the methylene chloride extract into a saturate hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, and a polar fraction each measured gravimetrically. In contrast, the target compound analysis provides a detailed measure by GC-MS of 62 specific compounds. Normalization to the conservative compound, 17 alpha ,21 beta -(H)Hopane, is incorporated into the method to reduce the effects of sample and site heterogeneity. Quality control and quality assurance procedures are integral parts of these analyses to assure the validity of the resulting data. A sample data set from a biological augmentation product evaluation was used only to illustrate the interpretation of the petroleum chemistry. In this example, conclusions were dependent on the criteria for evaluating the fate of petroleum. As the product evaluation progressed through the petroleum chemistry method, the conclusion on the their effectiveness changed. Therefore, proper interpretation of the petroleum chemistry, which is dependent on the method, is necessary to correctly evaluate the fate of petroleum in the environment. JF - Chemosphere AU - Mills, MA AU - McDonald, T J AU - Bonner, J S AU - Simon, MA AU - Autenrieth, R L AD - Oakridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268 Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 2563 EP - 2582 VL - 39 IS - 14 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - methylene chloride KW - Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Sediment pollution KW - Pollution detection KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Soil contamination KW - Chemical Properties KW - Pollution surveys KW - Water pollution KW - Gravimetric analysis KW - Analytical Methods KW - Quality control KW - Petroleum KW - Analytical techniques KW - Oil pollution KW - Oil Pollution KW - Quality Control KW - Chemical analysis KW - O 4095:Instruments/Methods KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17579735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Method+for+quantifying+the+fate+of+petroleum+in+the+environment&rft.au=Mills%2C+MA%3BMcDonald%2C+T+J%3BBonner%2C+J+S%3BSimon%2C+MA%3BAutenrieth%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0045-6535%2899%2900163-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution detection; Hydrocarbons; Petroleum; Analytical techniques; Pollution dispersion; Oil pollution; Chemical analysis; Pollution surveys; Environmental monitoring; Sediment pollution; Gravimetric analysis; Quality control; Soil contamination; Water pollution; Analytical Methods; Fate of Pollutants; Chemical Properties; Oil Pollution; Quality Control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00163-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of land use and land cover data in watersheds of the Mid-Atlantic region, USA AN - 17501989; 4690781 AB - We compared different sources of land use/land cover data using the percentages of forest, agriculture, urban, and mined lands in approximately 400 watersheds of the U.S. Mid-Atlantic region. The primary data sources were digital Land Use/Land Cover maps (LULC) from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and data derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery obtained by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium and interpreted at the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (version 2). The latter is referred to as MRLC-TM. We also used aerial photographs (AP), topographic maps, field comments, and qualitative watershed assessments as ancillary information. The LULC and MRLC-TM data differed in age, source material, classifications, format (vector vs. raster), and resolution. However, Pearson correlation coefficients between LULC and MRLC-TM were high for broad (composite) forest, agriculture, and urban categories (0.95, 0.96, and 0.92, respectively). Correspondence varied by forest type and by percentage. Where deciduous forests comprised less than 50% of the watershed, MRLC-TM data depicted greater amounts than did LULC, while the reverse was true where deciduous forests were dominant. Agriculture and forest percentages were inversely related in all cases. Urban land percentages were consistently lower for MRLC-TM than LULC. Relatively few watersheds contained strip mines, quarries, or gravel pits and the MRLC-TM vs. LULC relationship was weak (correlation coefficient = 0.41). Detection of reclaimed mines seemed problematic for LULC and MRLC-TM, but these were readily discerned on AP. A single "snapshot" of land cover data will inadequately characterize a watershed if rapid landscape changes occur (e.g., forest clearcuts). Each data type has strengths and weaknesses, depending on a study's objectives, but individual limitations may be alleviated by using multiple data sources. JF - Environmental Practice AU - Johnson, C B AU - Weaver, G W AU - Larsen, D P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, cjohnson@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 209 EP - 226 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1466-0466, 1466-0466 KW - USGS KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic region KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Land Use KW - Correlation Coefficient KW - Comparison Studies KW - Urban Areas KW - Mineral Industry KW - Forests KW - Watersheds KW - Data Interpretation KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17501989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Practice&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+land+use+and+land+cover+data+in+watersheds+of+the+Mid-Atlantic+region%2C+USA&rft.au=Leggett%2C+J&rft.aulast=Leggett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environment&rft.issn=0958305X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land Use; Correlation Coefficient; Watersheds; Forests; Comparison Studies; Data Interpretation; Agriculture; Urban Areas; Mineral Industry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking Juvenile Fish and Their Habitats: An Example From Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island AN - 17499899; 4692163 AB - We used two methods and existing field survey data to link juvenile fish and their habitats. The first method used seine survey data collected monthly from July to October 1988-1996 at fixed stations in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Thirteen fish species making up 1% or more of the catch were analyzed by principal components analysis for two time periods: July-August and September-October. The stations were then plotted by their principal component scores to identify station groupings and habitat types. The second method used environmental data collected in July and August 1996 at the established survey stations in a principal components analysis. The stations and 13 most abundant species were plotted by principal components scores resulting from the environmental data. For the environmental data, the first two principal components explained 59% of the variance. The first principal component described the amount of energy shaping the habitat and was positively correlated with salinity, dissolved oxygen, current flow, and slope, and negatively correlated with silt. The second component was positively correlated with depth and silt, and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen. The environmental data grouped the stations according to their distance from the ocean and three habitat types emerged. The uppermost station was a silty barren having low salinities and dissolved oxygen. Three other stations grouped together as low energy, protected habitats with sandy substrates. Lower bay stations had higher salinities, higher dissolved oxygen, higher flow rates, greater slopes, and larger size substrates, mostly cobble and gravel. Results from the fish data grouped the stations similarly. Combining results from both datasets revealed the uppermost station had the highest catches, most species, and greatest number of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) juveniles. Plots of winter flounder catches with principal component scores from the environmental data indicated the winter flounder distribution in the bay has shrunk from baywide to mostly the upper estuary near their primary spawning grounds. Results illustrate the value of coupling historic fish survey data with environmental measurements for identifying previously undervalued habitats important to fish. JF - Estuaries AU - Meng, L AU - Powell, J C AD - Atlantic Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, meng.lesa@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 905 EP - 916 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - Juveniles KW - USA, Rhode Island KW - USA, Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay KW - juveniles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Ecological distribution KW - Principal Component Analysis KW - Dissolved Oxygen KW - Brackish KW - Surveys KW - Habitat preferences KW - Habitat KW - Environmental factors KW - Fishery resources KW - Pisces KW - Salinity KW - Flow Rates KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Marine environment KW - Pseudopleuronectes americanus KW - Energy KW - Correlation Analysis KW - ANW, USA, Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay KW - Juvenile Growth Stage KW - Environmental conditions KW - Bays KW - Abiotic factors KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - SW 6090:Fisheries engineering KW - Q1 08341:General KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17499899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Linking+Juvenile+Fish+and+Their+Habitats%3A+An+Example+From+Narragansett+Bay%2C+Rhode+Island&rft.au=Meng%2C+L%3BPowell%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Meng&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecological distribution; Habitat; Environmental conditions; Environmental factors; Fishery resources; Abiotic factors; Marine environment; Habitat preferences; Salinity; Flow Rates; Aquatic Habitats; Energy; Principal Component Analysis; Dissolved Oxygen; Correlation Analysis; Surveys; Juvenile Growth Stage; Bays; Pisces; Pseudopleuronectes americanus; ANW, USA, Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying a correction factor to the IPCC default methodology for estimating national methane emissions from solid waste disposal sites AN - 17499437; 4690582 AB - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1996 Revised Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories proposes two methodologies for estimating methane emissions from solid waste disposal sites (SWDS): (1) the mass-balance method; and (2) the first-order kinetics method. This first method is the default methodology and is the easiest method to apply for estimating country-specific methane emissions and requires the least amount of data. Alternatively, the second method is more complex and requires more information than the first method. As many countries do not have detailed information on solid waste disposal practices, it is anticipated that most countries use and will continue to use the mass-balance approach for estimating time-series of methane emissions. The mass-balance approach uses an assumption regarding annual waste disposal that can overestimate methane emissions. In this paper a correction factor is presented for adjusting the mass-balance approach to account for non-steady state conditions in annual waste disposal. Use of such a correction factor results in estimates that approach those generated by more complex methods. In summary, the analysis performed indicates that the modified approach typically results in more than a 20% reduction in the methane emissions inventory and methane emissions that are within the range of estimates based on the more complex first-order kinetics approach. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Irving, W AU - Woodbury, J AU - Gibbs, M AU - Pape, D AU - Bakshi, V AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Division, Washington DC, USA, irving.william@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 459 EP - 464 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Methane KW - Emission control KW - Solid wastes KW - International agreements KW - Emission inventories KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Greenhouse gases KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17499437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Laboratory+and+field+pilot+evaluation+of+co-metabolic+bioventing+for+the+remediation+of+soil+contaminated+with+trichloroethene+%28TCE%29+and+trichloroethane+%28TCA%29&rft.au=Morgan%2C+P%3BSayles%2C+G+D%3BMoser%2C+L+E%3BGannon%2C+D+J%3BKampbell%2C+D+H%3BFranz%2C+T%3BVogel%2C+C+M%3BMajor%2C+D+W%3BBell%2C+M+J%3BHolmes%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1187&rft.isbn=0727726757&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - International agreements; Methane; Solid wastes; Waste disposal sites; Emission inventories; Emission control; Greenhouse gases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3070.1999.00076.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological interactions of chlorpyrifos and methyl mercury in the amphiphod, Hyalella azteca AN - 17495865; 4689313 AB - The mechanism of interaction between chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide, and methyl mercury, an organometal, was assessed utilizing the amphipod, Hyalella azteca. Previous studies have demonstrated that chlorpyrifos and methyl mercury interact additively, with survival as the endpoint. In addition, exposure to chlorpyrifos and methyl mercury increased the accumulation and decreased the elimination of methyl mercury. To elucidate the mechanism responsible for these interactions, biochemical mechanisms indicative of chlorpyrifos and methyl mercury toxicity were assessed in H. azteca. Biochemical endpoints that were evaluated include the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme and indicators of oxidative stress such as glutathione-S-transferase activity, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and glutathione content. Methyl mercury antagonized the effects of chlorpyrifos in vivo on acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Methyl mercury did not induce oxidative damage; however, chlorpyrifos decreased glutathione-S-transferase activity. Additional studies demonstrated that methyl mercury did not affect the in vitro bioactivation of chlorpyrifos or the subsequent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity. Chemical-chemical interactions were examined utilizing chromatographic techniques. Results of thin layer chromatography suggested the formation of a chlorpyrifos-methyl mercury complex. The formation of this complex may result in increased accumulation of methyl mercury, apparent additive toxicity, and protection against chlorpyrifos mediated acetylcholinesterase inhibition. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Steevens, JA AU - Benson, W H AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, benson.william@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 168 EP - 177 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - dimethylmercury KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Hyalella azteca KW - Pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Insecticides KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - Heavy metals KW - Mercury KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17495865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Toxicological+interactions+of+chlorpyrifos+and+methyl+mercury+in+the+amphiphod%2C+Hyalella+azteca&rft.au=Steevens%2C+JA%3BBenson%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Steevens&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hyalella azteca; Pesticides (organophosphorus); Insecticides; Chlorpyrifos; Heavy metals; Mercury; Bioaccumulation; Acetylcholinesterase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A field study with genetically engineered alfalfa inoculated with recombinant Sinorhizobium meliloti: effects on the soil ecosystem AN - 17482833; 4675115 AB - 1. A field study using transgenic plants with associated recombinant micro-organisms was conducted to assess the potential effects of genetically engineered organisms on soil ecosystems. Three genotypes of alfalfa plants (parental, transgenic alpha -amylase-producing and transgenic lignin peroxidase-producing) were planted in an agricultural field plot. Immediately prior to planting, the roots of the alfalfa plants were left uninoculated or were inoculated with a wild-type strain (PC), a recombinant strain with antibiotic resistances (RMB7201), or a recombinant strain with antibiotic resistances and enhanced nitrogen-fixation capability (RMBPC-2), of Sinorhizobium meliloti. 2. Analyses of the alfalfa plants and field plot soil were made over two growing seasons and included: metabolic fingerprints and DNA fingerprints of soil bacterial communities; soil microbial respiration; population counts of indigenous soil bacteria, fungi, nematodes, protozoa and micro-arthropods; identification of nematodes and micro-arthropods; plant shoot weight and chemistries; and soil chemistries and enzyme activities. 3. The lignin peroxidase transgenic plants had significantly lower shoot weight, and higher nitrogen and phosphorus content, than the parental or transgenic amylase plants. Distinct metabolic fingerprints, based on patterns of substrate utilization in Biolog plates, were exhibited by the soil bacterial communities associated with the three alfalfa genotypes, and those for the lignin peroxidase plants were the most unique. Significantly higher population levels of culturable, aerobic sporeforming and cellulose-utilizing bacteria, lower activity of the soil enzymes dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, and higher soil pH levels, were also associated with the lignin peroxidase transgenic plants. Significantly higher population levels of culturable, aerobic spore-forming bacteria were also measured in the treatments containing the recombinant RMBPC-2 S. meliloti. 4. Population levels of protozoa, nematodes and micro-arthropods, DNA fingerprints of indigenous soil bacteria, and rates of microbial substrate-induced respiration were not significantly affected by the transgenic alfalfa and recombinant S. meliloti treatments. JF - Journal of Applied Ecology AU - Donegan, K K AU - Seidler, R J AU - Doyle, J D AU - Porteous, LA AU - Digiovanni, G AU - Widmer, F AU - Watrud, L S AD - Dynamac Corporation, Environmental Protection Agency, ManTech Environmental Research Services Corporation, National Research Council, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, kellyd@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 920 EP - 936 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8901, 0021-8901 KW - Alfalfa KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - Genetic engineering KW - Soil fauna KW - Sinorhizobium meliloti KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Medicago sativa KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17482833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.atitle=A+field+study+with+genetically+engineered+alfalfa+inoculated+with+recombinant+Sinorhizobium+meliloti%3A+effects+on+the+soil+ecosystem&rft.au=Donegan%2C+K+K%3BSeidler%2C+R+J%3BDoyle%2C+J+D%3BPorteous%2C+LA%3BDigiovanni%2C+G%3BWidmer%2C+F%3BWatrud%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Donegan&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&rft.issn=00218901&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2664.1999.00448.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sinorhizobium meliloti; Medicago sativa; Genetic engineering; Agricultural ecosystems; Antibiotic resistance; Nitrogen fixation; Soil fauna; Soil microorganisms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00448.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The 25 super(th) anniversary of the Safe Drinking Water Act AN - 17464247; 4671464 AB - These 25 years of progress have involved a national, collaborative effort that has included drinking water professionals such as yourselves, every level of government, citizens groups, thousands of communities across the country, and the work of millions of individual Americans. That national effort has given us something we can truly celebrate -- we can turn on our taps with the assurance that our drinking water is safer than ever before. JF - Journal of New England Water Works Association AU - Dougherty, C C AD - Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, USEPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 282 EP - 283 VL - 113 IS - 4 SN - 0028-4939, 0028-4939 KW - SDWA KW - USA KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water supplies (Potable) KW - Legislation (on water supplies) KW - Potable Water KW - Safety KW - Federal Jurisdiction KW - Drinking Water KW - History KW - Legislation (on drinking water) KW - Legislation KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17464247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=The+25+super%28th%29+anniversary+of+the+Safe+Drinking+Water+Act&rft.au=Dougherty%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=00284939&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Legislation; Federal Jurisdiction; History; Drinking Water; Potable Water; Safety; USA; Legislation (on water supplies); Legislation (on drinking water); Water supplies (Potable) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of the seven-day toxicity test with Americamysis bahia (formerly Mysidopsis bahia) AN - 17463103; 4664959 AB - The 7-d test measuring survival, growth, and fecundity of Americamysis bahia (formerly Mysidopsis bahia) was developed for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and associated receiving waters for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits. Currently, this test and its derivatives are also used in toxicity identification evaluation (TIE), risk assessment, and other applications. To evaluate the relative sensitivity of three measurement endopoints (survival, growth, and fecundity), we analyzed results from 115 tests with effluents, organic or inorganic chemicals, and receiving waters suspected of being toxic. Controls for 78 of these (68%) achieved acceptable survival and growth. Fifty of these 78 tests (64%, i.e., 43% of the total tests) also achieved acceptable control fecundity. In the 47 tests with significant effects, survival was the most sensitive response in 57%, fecundity in 30%, and growth in 30%. There was little duplication in responses. Improving pretest holding conditions by decreasing the maximum density from similar to 20 to 10 animals/L and increasing the temperature from similar to 26 degree C to a range of 26 to 27 degree C improved the growth and fecundity in controls. Although the percentage of tests achieving acceptable control survival ( greater than or equal to 80%) and growth ( greater than or equal to 0.20 mg) decreased from 93 to 86%, the percentage achieving acceptable fecundity in controls ( greater than or equal to 50%) increased from 60 to 97%. Seasonal differences in fecundity were detected among control groups. Although variable, fecundity is often the most sensitive measure of response. The 7-d mysid test estimates the chronic toxicity of effluents most effectively when all three endpoints are used. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Lussier, S M AU - Kuhn, A AU - Comeleo, R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, lussier.suzanne@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 2888 EP - 2893 VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Americamysis bahia KW - chronic toxicity KW - fecundity KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Mysidopsis bahia KW - Fertility KW - Toxicity tests KW - Growth KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Permits KW - Chemical pollution KW - Bioindicators KW - Mortality KW - Toxicity KW - Effluents KW - Pollution surveys KW - Water pollution KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Fecundity KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Wastewater discharges KW - Wastewater Disposal KW - Toxicity testing KW - Indicator species KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17463103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+the+seven-day+toxicity+test+with+Americamysis+bahia+%28formerly+Mysidopsis+bahia%29&rft.au=Lussier%2C+S+M%3BKuhn%2C+A%3BComeleo%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lussier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2888&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fecundity; Bioaccumulation; Pollution surveys; Toxicity tests; Indicator species; Waste disposal sites; Chemical pollution; Toxicity testing; Water pollution; Chemicals; Mortality; Fertility; Growth; Wastewater discharges; Permits; Effluents; Bioindicators; Water Pollution Effects; Wastewater Disposal; Toxicity; Mysidopsis bahia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating perturbations and developing restoration strategies for inland wetlands in the Great Lakes basin AN - 17462446; 4670437 AB - Wetland coverage and type distributions vary systematically by ecoregion across the Great Lakes Basin. Land use and subsequent changes in wetland type distributions also vary among ecoregions. Incidence of wetland disturbance varies significantly within ecoregions but tends to increase from north to south with intensity of land use. Although the nature of disturbance activities varies by predominant land-use type, mechanisms of impact and potential response endpoints appear to be similar across agricultural and urban areas. Based on the proportion of associated disturbance activities and proportion response endpoints affected, the highest ranking mechanisms of impact are sedimentation/turbidity, retention time, eutrophication, and changes in hydrologic timing. Disturbance activities here are defined as events that cause wetland structure or function to vary outside of a normal range, while stressors represent the individual internal or external agents (causes) that act singly or in combination to impair one or more wetland functions. Responses most likely associated with disturbance activities based on shared mechanisms of impact are 1) shifts in plant species composition, 2) reduction in wildlife production, 3) decreased local or regional biodiversity, 4) reduction in fish and/or other secondary production, 5) increased flood peaks/frequency, 6) increased aboveground production, 7) decreased water quality downstream, and 8) loss of aquatic plant species with high light compensation points. General strategies and goals for wetland restoration can be derived at the ecoregion scale using information on current and historic wetland extent and type distributions and the distribution of special-concern species dependent on specific wetland types or mosaics of habitat types. Restoration of flood-control and water-quality improvement functions will require estimates of wetland coverage relative to total land area or specific land uses (e.g., deforestation, urbanization) at the watershed scale. The high incidence of disturbance activities in the more developed southern ecoregions of both Canada and the U.S. is reflected in the loss of species across all wetland types. The species data here suggest that an effective regional strategy must include restoration of a diversity of wetland types, including the rarer wetland types (wet meadows, fens), as well as forested swamps, which were extensive historically. The prevalence of anthropogenic stresses and openwater habitats likely contributes to the concentration of exotic species in inland wetlands of the southern Great Lakes ecoregions. Vegetation removal and site disturbance are the best- documented causes for plant invasions, and encroachment activities are common in marshes and ponds of the southern ecoregions. JF - Wetlands AU - Detenbeck, N E AU - Galatowitsch, S M AU - Atkinson, J AU - Ball, H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 789 EP - 820 PB - Society of Wetlands Scientists, Box 1897 Lawrence KS 66044 USA VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - land restoration KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Management KW - Land KW - Eutrophication KW - Freshwater KW - Exotic Species KW - Hydrology KW - Wetlands KW - Land Reclamation KW - Sedimentation KW - Land reclamation KW - Land restoration KW - Water Quality KW - Vegetation KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Land use KW - Nature conservation KW - Environmental restoration KW - Disturbance KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17462446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Evaluating+perturbations+and+developing+restoration+strategies+for+inland+wetlands+in+the+Great+Lakes+basin&rft.au=Detenbeck%2C+N+E%3BGalatowitsch%2C+S+M%3BAtkinson%2C+J%3BBall%2C+H&rft.aulast=Detenbeck&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eutrophication; Nature conservation; Hydrology; Wetlands; Land use; Ecosystem disturbance; Environmental restoration; Disturbance; Land restoration; Land; Vegetation; Sedimentation; Land reclamation; Water quality (Natural waters); Land Management; Exotic Species; Water Quality; Land Reclamation; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thyroidal status of mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a polluted versus a reference habitat AN - 17457472; 4664949 AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) collected from Piles Creek (PC), New Jersey, USA (a site polluted with heavy metals and organic materials), were sluggish and showed poorer prey capture and predator avoidance than those from a reference site (Tuckerton [TK], NJ, USA). We hypothesized that the behavioral dysfunction of the PC fish might be associated with thyroid impairment due to toxic exposures. In this preliminary study, we compared thyroid histology and thyroid hormones in the two populations and experimentally determined whether a polluted or an unpolluted environment could alter levels of thyroid hormones. In comparison to TK, PC fish had larger thyroid follicles and greater follicle epithelial cell heights and also contained significantly higher plasma thyroxine (T4) levels. However, no significant differences were found in levels of either plasma or tissue triiodothyronine (T3). The TK fish raised in a simulated PC environment contained higher plasma T4 and lower plasma T3 levels than those sampled from the field. The PC fish raised in clean water showed a reduction in both plasma T4 and T3 levels in comparison to field-sampled fish. In either case, no significant difference was found in tissue T3 content. The contaminants in PC may cause the differences in thyroid structure and function, which may be partly responsible for the behavioral differences between fish from the polluted PC and from the reference TK. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Zhou, T AU - John-Alder, H B AU - Weis, P AU - Weis, J S AD - Neurotoxicology Division, MD-74B, NHEERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, zhou.tong@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 2817 EP - 2823 VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Fundulus heteroclitus KW - Mummichog KW - USA, New Jersey, Piles Creek KW - hormones KW - liothyronine KW - thyroid KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Heavy metals KW - Predation KW - Histopathology KW - Pollution effects KW - Thyroid hormone KW - Predators KW - Freshwater KW - Hormones KW - Pisces KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Thyroxine KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Protective behaviour KW - Thyroid KW - Habitat KW - Heavy Metals KW - Fish Physiology KW - Behavior KW - Histology KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Fish KW - Organic Compounds KW - Organic compounds KW - Polluted environments KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17457472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=The+ad+hoc+international+working+group+on+contaminated+land&rft.au=Visser%2C+W+J+F%3BSkovgaard%2C+I+M%3BHoppener%2C+C&rft.aulast=Visser&rft.aufirst=W+J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=0727726757&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding behaviour; Heavy metals; Thyroid; Protective behaviour; Pollution effects; Histopathology; Predators; Hormones; Thyroxine; Thyroid hormone; Organic compounds; Polluted environments; Freshwater pollution; Pisces; Aquatic organisms; Histology; Behavior; Predation; Habitat; Water Pollution Effects; Fish; Organic Compounds; Fish Physiology; Heavy Metals; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diatom communities as ecological indicators of recovery in restored prairie wetlands AN - 17456424; 4670435 AB - Diatoms were employed to assess the recovery of northern prairie wetlands restored after drainage. We predicted that diatom species diversity and equitability are lower in restored wetlands than in reference wetlands and that diatom communities are similar among reference wetlands because communities should be relatively stable over time. Conversely, we predicted that diatom communities in restored and reference wetlands differ because species recovery after restoration may be incomplete or unattainable depending on environmental conditions or dispersal limits. Eight undisturbed, unrestored (reference) wetlands were compared to eight wetlands restored after drainage. Diatom communities on artificial substrates were transplanted from restored to reference wetlands and vice versa to test for environmental control and dispersal limits to community composition. Species richness was similar at restored and reference wetlands. Diversity and equitability at restored and reference sites were similar within a sampling period, but diversity and equitability decreased over the growing season in reference sites. Based on multidimensional scaling analyses, restored and reference sites could not be distinguished by species composition either early or late in the season. Transplanted diatom community assemblages became similar to those in the wetlands to which they were transferred, suggesting a strong environmental control over diatom assemblages. Diatoms, as a whole, responded rapidly to environmental conditions; yet, dispersal still may limit some species' re-establishment, while resistance to disturbance may produce little response among other diatom species. Diatoms may have limited utility as ecological indicators in prairie wetlands because of the unique interaction between diatom life history and the cyclic hydrology of prairie wetlands and because diatom community structure is highly variable among reference wetlands. JF - Wetlands AU - Mayer, P M AU - Galatowitsch, S M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA, mayer.paul@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - December 1999 SP - 765 EP - 774 PB - Society of Wetlands Scientists, Box 1897 Lawrence KS 66044 USA VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - northern prairie wetlands KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Management KW - Algae (Diatoms) KW - Land KW - Environmental Quality KW - Bacillariophyceae KW - Diatoms KW - Species Diversity KW - Freshwater KW - Restoration KW - Ecosystem management KW - Hydrology KW - Wetlands KW - Drainage KW - Environmental quality standards KW - USA KW - Community composition KW - Species diversity KW - Environmental restoration KW - Environment management KW - Indicator species KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08221:General KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - D 04715:Reclamation KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17456424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Diatom+communities+as+ecological+indicators+of+recovery+in+restored+prairie+wetlands&rft.au=Mayer%2C+P+M%3BGalatowitsch%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Species diversity; Ecosystem management; Hydrology; Wetlands; Environment management; Indicator species; Restoration; Environmental restoration; Diatoms; Algae (Diatoms); Land; Drainage; Environmental quality standards; Land Management; Environmental Quality; Species Diversity; Bacillariophyceae; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid aerosols in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan area AN - 17438056; 4656946 AB - This article presents data on ambient concentrations of selected acidic aerosols at four existing monitoring sites in the Pittsburgh PA metropolitan area. The data were collected by staff of the Allegheny County Health Department, Division of Air Quality during the summer and fall of 1993. The sampling protocol was focused on obtaining 24 h-average ammonia, ammonium, acidic sulfates, and particle strong acids data on a 2 to 3 day cycle. The data were obtained using Harvard University School of Public Health's "Short-HEADS' annular denuder sampling train. The Pittsburgh area is of interest because it is downwind of a major regional source of sulfur and nitrogen emissions from coal-burning power plants: the Ohio River Valley. The data presented here indicate that ground-level concentrations of acidic aerosols in Pittsburgh are highly correlated spatially and that many pollutants are higher on days when ground-level wind direction vectors indicate that wind is coming from the southwest rather than from the Pittsburgh source area itself. The monitoring site that is most upwind of the Pittsburgh source area - South Fayette - has particle strong acid levels about twice those of sites closer in to the Pittsburgh central business district. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - McCurdy, T AU - Zelenka, M P AU - Lawrence, P M AU - Houston, R M AU - Burton, R AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory (MD-56), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 5133 EP - 5145 VL - 33 IS - 30 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Sulfur KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Aerosols KW - Combustion products KW - Power plants KW - Acidity KW - Nitrogen KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17438056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Acid+aerosols+in+the+Pittsburgh+Metropolitan+area&rft.au=McCurdy%2C+T%3BZelenka%2C+M+P%3BLawrence%2C+P+M%3BHouston%2C+R+M%3BBurton%2C+R&rft.aulast=McCurdy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=30&rft.spage=5133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Air pollution: Placing atmospheric environment in a regional context. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosols; Acidity; Power plants; Pollution monitoring; Combustion products; Sulfur; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloud chemistry in the eastern United States, as sampled from three high-elevation sites along the Appalachian Mountains AN - 17433148; 4656943 AB - Atmospheric deposition of acidic cloud water is thought to be one of the causes for the recent forest decline in industrialized areas of the world. The present paper presents results from the Mountain Acid Deposition Program (MADPro), a part of EPA's Clean Air Status and Trends Network, (CASTnet). We used automated cloud water collectors at three selected mountain sites (Whiteface Mt., NY; Whitetop Mt., VA; and Clingman's Dome, TN) to take hourly samples from non-precipitating clouds during temperate (non-freezing) seasons of each year from 1994 to 1997. Samples were promptly analyzed for pH, conductivity, and concentration of dissolved ions. Cloud liquid water content (LWC) and meteorological parameters were measured at each site. Mean cloud frequencies and LWC of clouds were higher at Whiteface Mt., NY, than in the Southern Appalachians. The four most prevalent ions found in cloud water samples were usually, in order of decreasing concentration: sulfate (SO sub(4) super(2-)) hydrogen (H super(+)), ammonium (NH sub(4) super(+)), and nitrate (NO sub(3) super(-)). Within cloud events the concentration of these major ions tended to co-vary. Typically there was an inverse relationship between LWC of the cloud and ionic concentration of the cloud water. During the sampling season, the highest ionic concentrations were seen during mid-summer. Ionic concentrations of samples from the southern sites were significantly higher than samples from Whiteface Mt., but further analysis indicates that this is at least partially due to the north-south difference in the LWC of clouds. MADPro results are shown to be comparable with previous studies of cloud chemistry in North America. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Anderson, J B AU - Baumgardner, R E AU - Mohnen, V A AU - Bowser, J J AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 5105 EP - 5114 VL - 33 IS - 30 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, Eastern KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Acid rain KW - Pollution effects KW - Forests KW - Mountains KW - Air pollution KW - Pollutant deposition KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Cloud+chemistry+in+the+eastern+United+States%2C+as+sampled+from+three+high-elevation+sites+along+the+Appalachian+Mountains&rft.au=Anderson%2C+J+B%3BBaumgardner%2C+R+E%3BMohnen%2C+V+A%3BBowser%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=30&rft.spage=5105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2899%2900193-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Air pollution: Placing atmospheric environment in a regional context. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acid rain; Air pollution; Pollutant deposition; Forests; Mountains; Pollution effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00193-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Topical exposure of the eyes to the organophosphorus insecticide malathion: Lack of visual effects AN - 17414117; 4639935 AB - Concern for toxicity following exposure to organophosphorus insecticides led us to investigate whether topical application of either malathion or malathion mixed in a protein bait as used for aerial spray applications could be toxic to the ocular/visual system. Adult male Long-Evans rats were either untreated or treated with malathion alone (two drops per day in each eye), bait alone (six drops per day in each eye) or malathion and bait (six drops per day in each eye). The dose levels of malathion alone and malathion and bait were chosen based on pilot work and provided approximately equivalent amounts of active ingredient. The rats were treated 5 days a week for 4 weeks. During the final week of treatment, the rats were implanted surgically with cranial recording electrodes overlying the visual projection area of the cerebral cortex. Visual pattern-evoked potentials (PEPs) were elicited with vertical sinusoidal gratings at three levels of stimulus spatial frequency (0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 cycles per degree) and three levels of visual contrast (0.15, 0.30 and 0.60). After spectral analysis of the PEP waveforms, the amplitude and phase at the stimulus rate (F1) and the first harmonic (F2) were determined. Although F1 and F2 parameters were influenced significantly by manipulation of the stimulus parameters, no significant differences were observed that could be attributed to treatment with the test substances. In addition, an ophthalmological examination of the eyes and a light microscopic evaluation of ocular tissues, including retina and optic nerve, revealed no treatment-related lesions. The dose levels used in this study were high - approximately 84000 times the exposure per unit surface area expected from aerial spraying - and yet the visual function of the treated subjects was apparently normal. This study identified no significant toxicological concerns regarding direct ocular contact exposure to malathion. JF - Journal of Applied Toxicology AU - Boyes, W K AU - Hunter, E AU - Gary, C AU - Jensen, K AU - Peiffer, R L AD - MD-74B, Neurotoxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/12// PY - 1999 DA - Dec 1999 SP - 473 EP - 483 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - topical application KW - visual pattern-evoked potentials KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Retina KW - Eye KW - Malathion KW - Optic nerve KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Sprays KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17414117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Topical+exposure+of+the+eyes+to+the+organophosphorus+insecticide+malathion%3A+Lack+of+visual+effects&rft.au=Boyes%2C+W+K%3BHunter%2C+E%3BGary%2C+C%3BJensen%2C+K%3BPeiffer%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Boyes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1263%28199911%2F12%2919%3A63.3.CO%3B2-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eye; Insecticides; Malathion; Sprays; Risk assessment; Pesticides (organophosphorus); Retina; Optic nerve DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199911/12)19:6<473::AID-JAT602>3.3.CO;2-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaves as an Indicator of Exposure to Airborne Volatile Organic Compounds AN - 17593891; 4669998 AB - The concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in leaves is primarily a product of airborne exposures and dependent upon bioconcentration factors and release rates. The bioconcentration factors for VOCs in grass are found to be related to their partitioning between octanol and air equivalent to a relationship previously determined for PCBs. The rate that leaves release VOCs is dependent upon meteorological conditions and the enthalpy of phase change between air and plant. The enthalpy of phase change ( Delta H sub(PA)) for a compound in leaves is closely related to its enthalpy of vaporization. The BCF and Delta H sub(PA) for a compound vary among plants but are highly correlated to each other. The change in BCF by plant (and correlated change in Delta H sub(PA) is likely due to differences in the amount of octanol-equivalent matter contained in their leaves. The concentration of airborne VOCs is predicted to maximize near dawn simultaneous with natural inversion patterns. A model incorporating this phenomenon with other meteorological data, Delta H sub(PA), and BCF is a useful tool predicting concentrations of VOCs in leaves. Vegetation can be especially useful in capturing VOCs at the critical time that air exposures are greatest. How long a leaf might retain a compound after uptake is dependent on the compound, the leaf type, and the magnitude of the wind and temperature. During calm weather, leaves can be used as a record of these early morning exposures. However, windy conditions quickly clear leaves of their VOC content. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Hiatt, M H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NE 89193-3478, USA, hiatt.mike@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 15 SP - 4126 EP - 4133 VL - 33 IS - 22 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - leaves KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Air pollution KW - Meteorology KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Wind KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17593891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Leaves+as+an+Indicator+of+Exposure+to+Airborne+Volatile+Organic+Compounds&rft.au=Hiatt%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Hiatt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-11-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=4126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes990617k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Bioindicators; Wind; Meteorology; Volatile organic compounds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es990617k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proliferative lesions in swimbladder of Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes and guppy Poecilia reticulata. AN - 69355979; 10598284 AB - Thirteen cases of proliferative lesions of the swimbladder were encountered in Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes and guppy Poecilia reticulata from about 10,000 medaka and 5000 guppies used in carcinogenicity tests and histologically examined. Two of the 4 cases from medaka and 8 of the 9 from guppies occurred in untreated control specimens. The lesions affected the gas gland epithelium and included hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma. One medaka had hyperplasia of the gas gland epithelium and in 1 guppy the gland was enlarged with an increase in the number of epithelial layers. Gas gland adenomas, 3 cases in medaka and 1 in the guppy, were typically larger than the hyperplastic lesions, formed expansive masses up to 1 mm in greatest dimension, and exhibited a solid or glandular growth pattern and mild cellular pleomorphism. Adenocarcinoma was the most advanced lesion and all 7 cases occurred in guppies. Adenocarcinomas sometimes filled the entire swimbladder and measured up to 2.5 mm in diameter. Cells of adenocarcinomas were highly pleomorphic, with atypical nuclei, and an elevated mitotic activity. Because most of these tumors occurred in fish from control groups or in tests with noncarcinogenic compounds, the lesions observed here are probably spontaneous rather than chemically induced. Their rare occurrence, however, makes swimbladder proliferative lesions in small-fish carcinogenesis models sensitive indicators of compounds that might target cells of the gas gland. JF - Diseases of aquatic organisms AU - Fournie, J W AU - Hawkins, W E AU - Walker, W W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, USA. fournie.john@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 08 SP - 135 EP - 142 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0177-5103, 0177-5103 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Adenoma -- veterinary KW - Adenocarcinoma -- epidemiology KW - Adenocarcinoma -- veterinary KW - Hyperplasia -- epidemiology KW - Adenoma -- epidemiology KW - Hyperplasia -- veterinary KW - Adenoma -- pathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Adenocarcinoma -- pathology KW - Oryzias KW - Fish Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Fish Diseases -- pathology KW - Air Sacs -- pathology KW - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Poecilia KW - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69355979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diseases+of+aquatic+organisms&rft.atitle=Proliferative+lesions+in+swimbladder+of+Japanese+medaka+Oryzias+latipes+and+guppy+Poecilia+reticulata.&rft.au=Fournie%2C+J+W%3BHawkins%2C+W+E%3BWalker%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Fournie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-08&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diseases+of+aquatic+organisms&rft.issn=01775103&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: An Integrated Environmental Assessment of the US Mid-Atlantic Region AN - 899160244; 15625045 JF - Environmental Management AU - Wickham, J D AU - Jones, K B AU - Riitters, KH AU - O&aposNeill, RV AU - Tankersley, R D AU - Smith, E R AU - Neale, A C AU - Chaloud, D J AD - US Environmental Protection Agency (MD-56), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA , US Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 553 EP - 560 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic Region KW - environmental assessment KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899160244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=ENVIRONMENTAL+AUDITING%3A+An+Integrated+Environmental+Assessment+of+the+US+Mid-Atlantic+Region&rft.au=Wickham%2C+J+D%3BJones%2C+K+B%3BRiitters%2C+KH%3BO%26amp%3BaposNeill%2C+RV%3BTankersley%2C+R+D%3BSmith%2C+E+R%3BNeale%2C+A+C%3BChaloud%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002679900254 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental assessment; USA, Mid-Atlantic Region DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900254 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurotransmitter levels in two populations of larval Fundulus heteroclitus after methylmercury exposure. AN - 69425327; 10661721 AB - The effects of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on neurotransmitter (NT) levels in larval mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) obtained from a mercury-polluted site (Piles Creek (PC), NJ) and a reference site (Tuckerton (TK), NJ) were examined. Population differences between PC and TK larvae in neurochemical composition and in neurochemical changes in response to MeHg intoxication were found. Heads of untreated PC larvae (7 days posthatch (dph)) contained considerably higher levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) than TK. However, they had comparable levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) and 5-hyroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/5-HT ratios. Changes in NTs with age were noticed, especially in PC larvae. Exposure of larvae to 10 microg/l MeHg induced neurochemical alterations. A significant increase in DA and 5-HT, as well as depressed dopaminergic and serotonergic activity (i.e. decreased DOPAC/DA, HVA/DA and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios) were seen in TK larvae. Exposure of PC larvae to 10 microg/l MeHg reduced 5-HT at 14 dph, increased serotonergic activity at 7 dph, and altered dopaminergic activity (i.e. increased DOPAC/DA ratios, but decreased HVA/DA ratios). Changes in DA levels were inconsistent over time. The DA level, which was considerably higher than the control at 7 dph, was significantly lower than the control at 14 dph. For the two populations, the level of 5-HT and serotonergic activity, as well as DOPAC and HVA levels, were correlated with previously noted spontaneous activity. The changes in NT levels after exposure to MeHg are an indication of neurological dysfunction in larvae. JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part C, Pharmacology, toxicology & endocrinology AU - Zhou, T AU - Rademacher, D J AU - Steinpreis, R E AU - Weis, J S AD - Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA. zhou.tong@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 287 EP - 294 VL - 124 IS - 3 SN - 1367-8280, 1367-8280 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Neurotransmitter Agents KW - Receptors, Dopamine KW - Receptors, Serotonin KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - methylmercuric chloride KW - RWZ4L3O1X0 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Receptors, Serotonin -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Larva -- metabolism KW - Killifishes KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- metabolism KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69425327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+C%2C+Pharmacology%2C+toxicology+%26+endocrinology&rft.atitle=Neurotransmitter+levels+in+two+populations+of+larval+Fundulus+heteroclitus+after+methylmercury+exposure.&rft.au=Zhou%2C+T%3BRademacher%2C+D+J%3BSteinpreis%2C+R+E%3BWeis%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+C%2C+Pharmacology%2C+toxicology+%26+endocrinology&rft.issn=13678280&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-03-14 N1 - Date created - 2000-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone emissions from a "personal air purifier". AN - 69408075; 10638845 AB - Ozone emissions were measured above a "personal air purifier" (PAP) designed to be worn on a lapel, shirt pocket, or neck strap. The device is being marketed as a negative ion generator that purifies the air. However, it also produces ozone within the person's immediate breathing zone. In order to assess worst-case potential human exposure to ozone at the mouth and nose, we measured ozone concentrations in separate tests at 1, 3, 5, and 6 in. above each of two PAPs in a closed office. One PAP was new, and one had been used slightly for 3 months. Temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, room ozone concentration, and outdoor ozone concentration also were measured concurrently during the tests. Average ozone levels measured directly above the individual PAPs ranged from 65-71 ppb at 6 in. above the device to 268-389 ppb at 1 in. above the device. Ozone emission rates from the PAPs were estimated to be 1.7-1.9 microg/minute. When house dust was sprinkled on the top grid of the PAPs, one showed an initial peak of 522 ppb ozone at 1 in., and then returned to the 200-400 ppb range. Room ozone levels increased by only 0-5 ppb during the tests. Even when two PAPs were left operating over a weekend, room ozone levels did not noticeably increase beyond background room ozone levels. These results indicate that this "PAP," even without significant background ozone, can potentially elevate the user's exposures to ozone levels greater than the health-based air quality standards for outdoor air in California (0.09 ppm, 1-hour average) and the United States (0.08 ppm, 8-hour average). JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Phillips, T J AU - Bloudoff, D P AU - Jenkins, P L AU - Stroud, K R AD - California Air Resources Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, USA. tphillip@arb.ca.gov PY - 1999 SP - 594 EP - 601 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69408075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Ozone+emissions+from+a+%22personal+air+purifier%22.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+T+J%3BBloudoff%2C+D+P%3BJenkins%2C+P+L%3BStroud%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=594&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perinatal exposure to estrogenic compounds and the subsequent effects on the prostate of the adult rat: evaluation of inflammation in the ventral and lateral lobes. AN - 69379532; 10613394 AB - Although the effects of estrogenic compounds administered during the perinatal period on the size and morphology of the prostate have been well documented, the effects of such exposures on inflammatory changes in the prostate have not been well characterized. Since neonatal estradiol exposure has been shown to cause periods of hyperprolactinemia later in life and a relationship exists between high prolactin levels and rat lateral prostate inflammation, we hypothesized that an exposure to environmental compounds with estrogenic activity could result in an increase in lateral prostate inflammation in adulthood. To investigate this possibility and compare differences between estrogen agonists and antagonists, we examined the effect of a perinatal exposure to 17beta-estradiol, the insecticide methoxychlor, the partial estrogen agonist tamoxifen, and the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780. Dams were dosed from gestation day (GD)18 to parturition and then the pups were dosed from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 5 with 0.1 mL of a solution of 0.355 mM and .0178 mM by sc injection, respectively, of all compounds in sesame oil, except for methoxychlor, which was administered only to the dam by gavage from GD 18 through PND 5 at a dose of 50 mg/kg in sesame oil. At 90 d of age, the weight of the lateral and ventral prostate in the estradiol group was significantly decreased. Tamoxifen caused a decrease in the weight of the lateral prostate, whereas the ventral lobe was not affected. ICI 182,780 did not alter prostate weight. The methoxychlor exposure increased the lateral lobe weight, but the ventral lobe weight was not affected. In the estradiol and tamoxifen groups, an inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the ventral prostates in 45.0 and 27.8% of the animals, respectively. There was a significant increase in the percent and severity of inflammation in the lateral prostate (as determined by a myeloperoxidase or neutrophil quantification assay) in the estradiol, tamoxifen, and methoxychlor groups as compared to controls. The ICI group was comparable to the controls in both ventral and lateral lobes. This study demonstrates that perinatal exposure to estrogenic compounds can result in alterations in the size of the adult prostate and increase the incidence of prostatitis. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Stoker, T E AU - Robinette, C L AU - Cooper, R L AD - Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, USA. stoker.tammy@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 463 EP - 472 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Insecticides KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - fulvestrant KW - 22X328QOC4 KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Tamoxifen -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Rabbits KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Aging -- drug effects KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Estradiol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Prostate -- drug effects KW - Methoxychlor -- metabolism KW - Prostatitis -- chemically induced KW - Prostate -- embryology KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- toxicity KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Estradiol -- toxicity KW - Prostate -- pathology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Methoxychlor -- toxicity KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69379532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Perinatal+exposure+to+estrogenic+compounds+and+the+subsequent+effects+on+the+prostate+of+the+adult+rat%3A+evaluation+of+inflammation+in+the+ventral+and+lateral+lobes.&rft.au=Stoker%2C+T+E%3BRobinette%2C+C+L%3BCooper%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Stoker&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of prenatal exposure to TCDD on the promotion of endometriotic lesion growth by TCDD in adult female rats and mice. AN - 69283968; 10568697 AB - Several lines of research led to our hypothesis that perinatal exposure to TCDD may alter the sensitivity of adult rodents to the promotional effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on endometriosis. Pregnant rats and mice were treated on gestation day (GD) 8 with either 1 (rats) or 3 (mice) microg TCDD/kg or vehicle. Female offspring were reared to adulthood, and endometriosis was induced surgically. All animals received 0, 3, or 10 microg TCDD/kg 3 weeks prior to surgery, at the time of surgery, and 3, 6, and 9 weeks after surgery. Necropsies were performed 12 weeks after surgery. Measurements at necropsy included the diameter of endometriotic lesions and body, uterine, ovarian and liver weights. While no effect of treatment on lesion diameter was found in rats, analyses revealed that perinatal plus adult exposure to TCDD can increase the size of endometriotic lesions surgically induced in mice. These and additional data on body and organ weights are consistent with previous work. These data confirm the sensitivity of mice to the promotion of endometriotic lesion growth by TCDD and indicate a perinatal effect of TCDD on this parameter when perinatal exposure on GD8 is supplemented with adult exposure to TCDD of female mice. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Cummings, A M AU - Hedge, J M AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, MD-72, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. cummings.audrey@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 45 EP - 49 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Ovary -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Thymus Gland -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Endometriosis -- chemically induced KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69283968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+prenatal+exposure+to+TCDD+on+the+promotion+of+endometriotic+lesion+growth+by+TCDD+in+adult+female+rats+and+mice.&rft.au=Cummings%2C+A+M%3BHedge%2C+J+M%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal exposure to atrazine during lactation suppresses suckling-induced prolactin release and results in prostatitis in the adult offspring. AN - 69281207; 10568700 AB - The availability of prolactin (PRL) to the neonatal brain is known to affect the development of the tuberoinfundibular (TIDA) neurons and, as a consequence, lead to alterations in subsequent PRL regulation. Without early lactational exposure to PRL (derived from the dam's milk), TIDA neuronal growth is impaired and elevated PRL levels are present in the prepubertal male. These observations, combined with the finding that alterations in PRL secretion (i.e., hyperprolactinemia) in the adult male rat have been implicated in the development of prostatitis, led us to hypothesize that early lactational exposure to agents that suppress suckling-induced PRL release would lead to a disruption in TIDA development, altered PRL regulation, and subsequent prostatitis in the male offspring. To test this hypothesis, suckling-induced PRL release was measured in Wistar dams treated twice daily with the herbicide atrazine (ATR, by gavage, on PND 1-4 at 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight), or twice daily with the dopamine receptor agonist bromocriptine (BROM, sc, at 0.052, 0.104, 0.208, and 0.417 mg/kg); BROM is known to suppress PRL release. Similarly, atrazine has also been reported to suppress PRL in adult females. Serum PRL was measured on PND 3 using a serial sampling technique and indwelling cardiac catheters. A significant rise in serum PRL release was noted in all control females within 10 min of the initiation of suckling. Fifty-mg/kg ATR inhibited suckling-induced PRL release in all females, whereas 25 and 12.5 mg/kg ATR inhibited this measure in some dams and had no discernible effect in others. The 6.25 mg/kg dose of ATR was without effect. BROM, used here as a positive control, also inhibited suckling-induced PRL release at doses of 0.104 to 0.417 mg/kg, with no effect at 0.052 mg/kg. To examine the effect of postnatal ATR and BROM on the incidence and severity of inflammation (INF) of the lateral prostate of the offspring, adult males were examined at 90 and 120 days. While no effect was noted at 90 days of age, at 120 days, both the incidence and severity of prostate inflammation was increased in those offspring of ATR-treated dams (25 and 50 mg/kg). The 12.5 mg/kg ATR and the two highest doses of BROM increased the incidence, but not the severity, of prostatitis. Combined treatment of ovine prolactin (oPRL) and 25 or 50 mg/kg ATR on PND 1-4 reduced the incidence of inflammation observed at 120 days, indicating that this increase in INF, seen after ATR alone, resulted from the suppression of PRL in the dam. To determine whether or not there is a critical period for these effects, dams were dosed with 25 and 50 mg/kg on PND 6-9 and PND 11-14. Inflammation was increased in those offspring from dams treated on PND 6-9, but this increase was not significant. Dosing on PND 11-14 was without effect. These data demonstrate that ATR suppresses suckling-induced PRL release and that this suppression results in lateral prostate inflammation in the offspring. The critical period for this effect is PND 1-9. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Stoker, T E AU - Robinette, C L AU - Cooper, R L AD - Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Stoker.tammy@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 68 EP - 79 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.7 KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Suckling KW - Animals KW - Prostate -- drug effects KW - Sheep KW - Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Depression, Chemical KW - Pregnancy KW - Secretory Rate -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Prostate -- pathology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Lactation -- drug effects KW - Prostatitis -- chemically induced KW - Prolactin -- secretion KW - Herbicides -- toxicity KW - Atrazine -- toxicity KW - Prostatitis -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69281207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Maternal+exposure+to+atrazine+during+lactation+suppresses+suckling-induced+prolactin+release+and+results+in+prostatitis+in+the+adult+offspring.&rft.au=Stoker%2C+T+E%3BRobinette%2C+C+L%3BCooper%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Stoker&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos: dose response profiles for cholinesterase and carboxylesterase activity. AN - 69281017; 10568702 AB - This study investigates the in vivo dose response profiles of the target enzyme cholinesterase (ChE) and the detoxifying enzymes carboxylesterase (CaE) in the fetal and maternal compartments of pregnant rats dosed with chlorpyrifos [(O,O'-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothionate], a commonly used organophosphorus insecticide. Pregnant rats were dosed daily (po) with chlorpyrifos in corn oil (0, 3, 5, 7, or 10 mg/kg) on gestational days (GD) 14-18. Animals were sacrificed 5 h after the last chlorpyrifos dose (time of maximum brain cholinesterase inhibition) for analysis of ChE and CaE activity in maternal blood, liver, brain, placenta, and fetal liver and brain. The in vitro sensitivity (i.e., IC50, 30 min, 26 degrees C) of CaE also was determined by assaying the activity remaining after incubation with a range of chlorpyrifos-oxon concentrations. In vivo exposure to 10 mg/kg chlorpyrifos from GD14-18 caused overt maternal toxicity, with dose-related decreases in ChE activity more notable in maternal brain than fetal brain. Dose-related effects were also seen with chlorpyrifos-induced inhibition of fetal liver ChE and maternal brain CaE activities. Gestational exposure caused no inhibition of placental ChE or CaE, fetal brain CaE, or maternal blood CaE. ChE activities in the maternal blood and liver, as well as fetal and maternal liver CaE, however, were maximally inhibited by even the lowest dosage of chlorpyrifos. The in vitro sensitivity profiles of CaE to chlorpyrifos-oxon inhibition were valuable in predicting and verifying the in vivo CaE response profiles. Both the in vivo and in vitro findings indicated that fetal liver CaE inhibition was an extremely sensitive indicator of fetal chlorpyrifos exposure. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Lassiter, T L AU - Barone, S AU - Moser, V C AU - Padilla, S AD - Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA. lassiter.leon@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 92 EP - 100 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - Carboxylesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.1 KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- metabolism KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69281017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Gestational+exposure+to+chlorpyrifos%3A+dose+response+profiles+for+cholinesterase+and+carboxylesterase+activity.&rft.au=Lassiter%2C+T+L%3BBarone%2C+S%3BMoser%2C+V+C%3BPadilla%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lassiter&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone effects on airway responsiveness, lung injury, and inflammation. Comparative rat strain and in vivo/in vitro investigations. AN - 69273395; 10562695 AB - Asthmatic individuals appear to be particularly sensitive to the effects of certain air pollutants-including ozone (O(3)), an oxidant ambient air pollutant-for reasons that are poorly understood. The general purpose of these studies, therefore, was to expand and improve upon toxicologic methods for assessing ozone-induced effects on the airways of the rat by (1) developing an in vivo testing procedure that allows detection of airway responsiveness changes in rats exposed to ozone; (2) identifying a strain of rat that may be inherently more sensitive to the effects of ozone; and (3) validation of an in vitro epithelial culture system to more directly assess airway cellular/subcellular effects of ozone. Using methacholine inhalation challenges, we detected increased airway responsiveness in senescent F344 rats acutely after ozone exposure (2 ppm x 2 h). We also determined that acutely after ozone exposure (0.5 ppm x 8 h), Wistar rats developed significantly greater lung injury, neutrophilic inflammation, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid concentrations of IL-6 than either Sprague-Dawley (SD) or F344 rats. SD rats had greater BAL fluid concentrations of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), while F344 rats consistently exhibited the least effect. Wistar rat-derived tracheal epithelial (RTE) cultures were exposed in vitro to air or ozone (0.1-1.0 ppm x 1 h), and examined for analogous effects. In a concentration-dependent manner, ozone exposure resulted in acute but minor cytotoxicity. RT polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of RNA isolated from ozone-exposed cells demonstrated variable increases in steady-state gene expression of IL-6 at 4 h postexposure, while at 24 h cellular fibronectin expression (EIIIA domain) was decreased. Exposure was without effect on macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) or gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase expression. At 6 h postexposure, IL-6 synthesis and apical release appeared increased in ozone-exposed cells (1 ppm x 1 h). MIP-2 release was not significantly increased in ozone-exposed cells. At 2 h postexposure, ozone exposure resulted in minor increases in apical fibronectin, but exposure was without effect on basolateral accumulation of fibronectin. Exposure to 1.0, but not 0.1 ppm (x 1 h), increased production of cyclooxygenase (i.e., PGE(2)) and noncyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid. Results demonstrate that multiple inflammatory mediator pathways are affected by ozone exposure. Such effects could exacerbate morbidity in individuals with preexisting airway inflammation such as asthmatics. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Dye, J A AU - Madden, M C AU - Richards, J H AU - Lehmann, J R AU - Devlin, R B AU - Costa, D L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, ETD, PTB, MD-82, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Dye.Janice@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1015 EP - 1040 VL - 11 IS - 11 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- chemically induced KW - Rats KW - Culture Techniques KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Trachea -- pathology KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Epithelium -- pathology KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Species Specificity KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity -- pathology KW - Male KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- toxicity KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Respiratory Physiological Phenomena -- drug effects KW - Bronchial Provocation Tests KW - Lung Diseases -- pathology KW - Pneumonia -- pathology KW - Ozone -- toxicity KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69273395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Ozone+effects+on+airway+responsiveness%2C+lung+injury%2C+and+inflammation.+Comparative+rat+strain+and+in+vivo%2Fin+vitro+investigations.&rft.au=Dye%2C+J+A%3BMadden%2C+M+C%3BRichards%2C+J+H%3BLehmann%2C+J+R%3BDevlin%2C+R+B%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Dye&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral evaluation of the neurotoxicity produced by dichloroacetic acid in rats. AN - 69264340; 10560779 AB - Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is commonly found in drinking water as a by-product of chlorination disinfection. It is a known neurotoxicant in rats, dogs, and humans. We have characterized DCA neurotoxicity in rats using a neurobehavioral screening battery under varying exposure durations (acute, subchronic, and chronic) and routes of administration (oral gavage and drinking water). Studies were conducted in both weanling and adult rats, and comparisons were made between Long-Evans and Fischer-344 rats. DCA produced neuromuscular toxicity comprised of limb weakness and deficits in gait and righting reflex; altered gait and decreased hindlimb grip strength were the earliest indicators of toxicity. Other effects included mild tremors, ocular abnormalities, and a unique chest-clasping response (seen in Fischer-344 rats only). Neurotoxicity was permanent (i.e., through 2 years) following a 6-month exposure to high dose levels, whereas the effects of intermediate dose levels with exposures of 3 months or less were slowly reversible. The severity, specificity, and recovery of neurological changes were route, duration, and strain dependent. Fischer-344 rats were more sensitive than Long-Evans rats, and weanling rats may be somewhat more sensitive than adults. Oral gavage produced significantly less toxicity compared to the same intake level received in drinking water. Neurotoxicity was progressive with continued exposure, and was observed at exposure levels as low as 16 mg/kg/day (lowest dose level tested) when administered via drinking water in subchronic studies. The data from these studies characterize the neurotoxicity produced by DCA, and show it to be more pronounced, persistent, and occurring at lower exposures than has been previously reported. Further research should take into account these marked route, age, and strain differences. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Moser, V C AU - Phillips, P M AU - McDaniel, K L AU - MacPhail, R C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. moser.ginger@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 719 EP - 731 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Dichloroacetic Acid KW - 9LSH52S3LQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Humans KW - Aging KW - Water Supply KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Reflex -- drug effects KW - Dogs KW - Gait -- drug effects KW - Posture KW - Species Specificity KW - Dichloroacetic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Dichloroacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69264340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+evaluation+of+the+neurotoxicity+produced+by+dichloroacetic+acid+in+rats.&rft.au=Moser%2C+V+C%3BPhillips%2C+P+M%3BMcDaniel%2C+K+L%3BMacPhail%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=719&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of exposure to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) throughout gestation and lactation on behavior (concurrent random interval-random interval and progressive ratio performance) in rats. AN - 69264311; 10560775 AB - There is evidence that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners have differential effects on endpoints of neurotoxicity depending on their chemical structure: specifically, that ortho-substituted congeners are neurotoxic while coplanar (dioxin-like) congeners are relatively inactive in producing neurotoxic effects. This study extends research on the effects of developmental exposure to the coplanar congener 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) in Long-Evans rats. Dams were dosed with 0, 0.25, or 1 microg/kg/day Monday to Friday beginning 5 weeks before and continuing through gestation and lactation. The first 2-week breeding period produced 10, 7, and 13 litters in the three dose groups, respectively, used in behavioral assessment. Breeding females from the control and low-dose group that did not conceive were rebred after 76 days of dosing, producing six and six litters used in behavioral testing. This regimen of PCB exposure produced reduced weight gain between birth and weaning in cohort 1, and decreased thyroxine levels and changes in hematology and serum biochemistry parameters in both cohorts. One female and male from each litter were tested under a series of three concurrent random interval-random interval (RI-RI) schedules of reinforcement beginning at about 400 days of age, followed immediately by assessment under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule. The concurrent RI-RI allows assessment of performance during steady state and during behavior in transition (learning). The PR schedule provides the opportunity to assess the strength of the reinforcing event independent of response rate. During the first RI-RI schedule, the high-dose group apportioned responses less accurately than controls with respect to the scheduled relative reinforcement density on the two levers. There was also some evidence for differences in performance between treated and control groups on the third RI-RI schedule of reinforcement. There was no evidence for differences in the relative strength of the reinforcing event as assessed by PR performance. These same rats failed to exhibit PCB-induced impairment on a spatial delayed alternation task or under multiple fixed interval-fixed ratio or DRL schedules of reinforcement, performed prior to the current experiments. These data extend previous findings concerning the pattern of behavioral effects as a consequence of gestational and lactational exposure to a dioxin-like PCB congener. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Rice, D C AU - Hayward, S AD - Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. rice.deborah@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 679 EP - 687 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Thyroxine KW - Q51BO43MG4 KW - 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl KW - TSH69IA9XF KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Thyroxine -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Lactation KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69264311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+exposure+to+3%2C3%27%2C4%2C4%27%2C5-pentachlorobiphenyl+%28PCB+126%29+throughout+gestation+and+lactation+on+behavior+%28concurrent+random+interval-random+interval+and+progressive+ratio+performance%29+in+rats.&rft.au=Rice%2C+D+C%3BHayward%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells is inhibited by chlorpyrifos and its metabolites: is acetylcholinesterase inhibition the site of action? AN - 69224433; 10544056 AB - Developmental expression of AChE has been associated with neuronal differentiation (P. G. Layer and E. Willbold, Prog. Histochem. Cytochem. 29, 1-94, 1995). In this study we used pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, a noncholinergic cell line, rich in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, to examine the effects of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on neural differentiation. The experimental paradigm was focused on whether alterations in cholinesterase (ChE) activity by a pesticide or its metabolites would affect neurite outgrowth, a morphological marker of neuronal differentiation. Results indicated that (1) in controls, both total ChE and AChE activities were significantly increased in NGF-primed PC12 cells compared to NGF-unprimed cells, while the basal expression of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity was much lower (1.3-7% of total ChE activity) in either the presence or the absence of NGF; (2) an increase in AChE activity was highly correlated (r(2) = 0.99) with the extension of neurite outgrowth, suggesting a link between the expression of AChE activity and the elaboration of neurite outgrowth; (3) NGF increased neurite outgrowth in a time- and concentration-dependent manner; and (4) either chlorpyrifos (CPF) or its metabolites (CPF oxon and TCP) inhibited NGF-induced neurite outgrowth (branches per cell, fragments per cell, total neurite outgrowth per cell) in PC12 cells. These data suggest that the expression of AChE activity is associated with the extension of neurite outgrowth. Both enzyme activity and neurite branching were disrupted by CPF oxon; however, CPF and its other metabolite TCP (1 microgram/ml) caused inhibition of neurite outgrowth in the absence of ChE inhibition, suggesting an alternative mechanism(s) may be involved in pesticide-induced inhibition of differentiation. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Das, K P AU - Barone, S AD - Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/11/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Nov 01 SP - 217 EP - 230 VL - 160 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Pyridones KW - O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate KW - 5598-15-2 KW - 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol KW - 6515-38-4 KW - Nerve Growth Factor KW - 9061-61-4 KW - Butyrylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.7 KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Pyridones -- toxicity KW - Neurites -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Nerve Growth Factor -- pharmacology KW - Butyrylcholinesterase -- metabolism KW - PC12 Cells KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Acetylcholinesterase -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- cytology KW - Chlorpyrifos -- analogs & derivatives KW - Neurons -- enzymology KW - Cell Differentiation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69224433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Neuronal+differentiation+in+PC12+cells+is+inhibited+by+chlorpyrifos+and+its+metabolites%3A+is+acetylcholinesterase+inhibition+the+site+of+action%3F&rft.au=Das%2C+K+P%3BBarone%2C+S&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The application of in situ permeable reactive (zero-valent iron) barrier technology for the remediation of chromate-contaminated groundwater; a field test AN - 52429740; 1999-067095 AB - A small-scale field test was initiated in September 1994 to evaluate the in situ remediation of groundwater contaminated with chromate, using a permeable reactive barrier composed of a mixture of zero-valent Fe, sand and aquifer sediment. The site used was an old chrome-plating facility near Elizabeth City, North Carolina. Dissolved chromate concentrations were reduced to less than 0.01 mg/litre via reduction from Cr(VI) to Cr(III) as a result of the corrosion of the Fe. As the Fe corrodes, pH increases, oxidation-reduction potential declines, dissolved oxygen is consumed, and Fe(II) is generated. Mineral phases formed as a result of the Fe corrosion include ferrous sulphides and various Fe oxides, and oxyhydroxides. JF - Applied Geochemistry AU - Puls, Robert W AU - Paul, Cynthia J AU - Powell, Robert M Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 989 EP - 1000 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York-Beijing VL - 14 IS - 8 SN - 0883-2927, 0883-2927 KW - United States KW - technology KW - observation wells KW - iron KW - cores KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - sampling KW - water treatment KW - sediments KW - Pasquotank County North Carolina KW - alkalinity KW - pH KW - Eh KW - chromium KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - soils KW - sulfate ion KW - monitoring KW - in situ KW - Elizabeth City North Carolina KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - chromate ion KW - ferrous iron KW - aquifers KW - physical properties KW - dissolved materials KW - metals KW - North Carolina KW - water wells KW - SEM data KW - permeability KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52429740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=The+application+of+in+situ+permeable+reactive+%28zero-valent+iron%29+barrier+technology+for+the+remediation+of+chromate-contaminated+groundwater%3B+a+field+test&rft.au=Puls%2C+Robert+W%3BPaul%2C+Cynthia+J%3BPowell%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Puls&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.issn=08832927&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0883-2927%2899%2900010-4 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08832927 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sects., 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkalinity; aquifers; Atlantic Coastal Plain; chromate ion; chromium; cores; dissolved materials; Eh; Elizabeth City North Carolina; ferrous iron; field studies; ground water; in situ; iron; metals; monitoring; North Carolina; observation wells; Pasquotank County North Carolina; permeability; pH; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sampling; sediments; SEM data; soils; sulfate ion; technology; United States; water treatment; water wells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00010-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of multi-temporal Landsat 5 TM imagery for wetland identification AN - 52404947; 2000-006209 JF - Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing AU - Lunetta, Ross S AU - Balogh, Mary E Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1303 EP - 1310 PB - American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, VA VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0099-1112, 0099-1112 KW - United States KW - thematic mapper KW - imagery KW - monitoring KW - Delaware KW - cartography KW - ecosystems KW - satellite methods KW - Millington Quadrangle KW - Landsat KW - geographic information systems KW - wetlands KW - information systems KW - ecology KW - Maryland KW - remote sensing KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52404947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Application+of+multi-temporal+Landsat+5+TM+imagery+for+wetland+identification&rft.au=Lunetta%2C+Ross+S%3BBalogh%2C+Mary+E&rft.aulast=Lunetta&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=660&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Informatics+Association&rft.issn=10675027&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - CODEN - PGMEA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cartography; Delaware; ecology; ecosystems; geographic information systems; imagery; information systems; Landsat; Maryland; Millington Quadrangle; monitoring; remote sensing; satellite methods; thematic mapper; United States; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative toxicity of fluoranthene to freshwater and saltwater species under fluorescent and ultraviolet light AN - 52382722; 2000-022436 JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Spehar, R L AU - Poucher, S AU - Brooke, L T AU - Hansen, D J AU - Champlin, D AU - Cox, D A Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 496 EP - 502 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - fluoranthene KW - fresh water KW - techniques KW - salt water KW - drinking water KW - bioaccumulation KW - laboratory studies KW - toxicity KW - fluorescence KW - X-ray fluorescence spectra KW - ultraviolet spectra KW - spectra KW - Wisconsin KW - Superior Wisconsin KW - discharge KW - Douglas County Wisconsin KW - concentration KW - water supply KW - toxic materials KW - experimental studies KW - chemical analysis KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - effluents KW - pollution KW - bioassays KW - solubility KW - biota KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - testing KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52382722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparative+toxicity+of+fluoranthene+to+freshwater+and+saltwater+species+under+fluorescent+and+ultraviolet+light&rft.au=Spehar%2C+R+L%3BPoucher%2C+S%3BBrooke%2C+L+T%3BHansen%2C+D+J%3BChamplin%2C+D%3BCox%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Spehar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(4rb2jbyxcwtb1he1c13ybdmm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100119,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AECTCV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; bioaccumulation; bioassays; biota; chemical analysis; concentration; detection; discharge; Douglas County Wisconsin; drinking water; effluents; experimental studies; fluoranthene; fluorescence; fresh water; hydrocarbons; laboratory studies; monitoring; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; salt water; solubility; spectra; Superior Wisconsin; techniques; testing; toxic materials; toxicity; ultraviolet spectra; United States; water quality; water supply; Wisconsin; X-ray fluorescence spectra ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated system for remediation of contaminated soils AN - 52215265; 2001-050055 JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Khodadoust, Amid P AU - Sorial, George A AU - Wilson, Gregory J AU - Suidan, Makram T AU - Griffiths, Richard A AU - Brenner, Richard C Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - November 1999 SP - 1033 EP - 1041 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, Environmental Engineering Division, New York, NY VL - 125 IS - 11 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - pentachlorophenol KW - chlorophenols KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - ethanol KW - organic compounds KW - solvents KW - decontamination KW - hydrocarbons KW - alcohols KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52215265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Integrated+system+for+remediation+of+contaminated+soils&rft.au=Khodadoust%2C+Amid+P%3BSorial%2C+George+A%3BWilson%2C+Gregory+J%3BSuidan%2C+Makram+T%3BGriffiths%2C+Richard+A%3BBrenner%2C+Richard+C&rft.aulast=Khodadoust&rft.aufirst=Amid&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1033&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JOEEDU N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alcohols; bioremediation; chlorophenols; decontamination; degradation; ethanol; experimental studies; hydrocarbons; organic compounds; pentachlorophenol; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soil treatment; soils; solvents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rare species are important in bioassessment (Reply to the comment by Marchant) AN - 17651163; 4656639 JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Cao, Yong AU - Williams, D D AD - U.S. EPA NHEERL-WED, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1841 EP - 1842 VL - 44 IS - 7 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Conservation KW - Rare species KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17651163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Rare+species+are+important+in+bioassessment+%28Reply+to+the+comment+by+Marchant%29&rft.au=Cao%2C+Yong%3BWilliams%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Cao&rft.aufirst=Yong&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rare species; Conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria inhabiting the rhizoplane and deep cortex cells of the sea grass Halodule wrightii AN - 17580660; 4640684 AB - Recent declines in sea grass distribution underscore the importance of understanding microbial community structure-function relationships in sea grass rhizospheres that might affect the viability of these plants. Phospholipid fatty acid analyses showed that sulfate-reducing bacteria and clostridia were enriched in sediments colonized by the sea grasses Halodule wrightii and Thalassia testudinum compared to an adjacent unvegetated sediment. Most-probable-number analyses found that in contrast to butyrate-producing clostridia, acetogens and acetate-utilizing sulfate reducers were enriched by an order of magnitude in rhizosphere sediments. Although sea grass roots are oxygenated in the daytime, colorimetric root incubation studies demonstrated that acetogenic O-demethylation and sulfidogenic iron precipitation activities were tightly associated with washed, sediment-free H. wrightii roots. This suggests that the associated anaerobes are able to tolerate exposure to oxygen. To localize and quantify the anaerobic microbial colonization, root thin sections were hybridized with newly developed super(33)P-labeled probes that targeted (i) low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria, (ii) cluster I species of clostridia, (iii) species of Acetobacterium, and (iv) species of Desulfovibrio. Microautoradiography revealed intercellular colonization of the roots by Acetobacterium and Desulfovibrio species. Acetogenic bacteria occurred mostly in the rhizoplane and outermost cortex cell layers, and high numbers of sulfate reducers were detected on all epidermal cells and inward, colonizing some 60% of the deepest cortex cells. Approximately 30% of epidermal cells were colonized by bacteria that hybridized with an archaeal probe, strongly suggesting the presence of methanogens. Obligate anaerobes within the roots might contribute to the vitality of sea grasses and other aquatic plants and to the biogeochemistry of the surrounding sediment. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Kusel, K AU - Pinkart, H C AU - Drake, H L AU - Devereux, R AD - Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. EPA/NHEERL, 1 Sabine Island Dr., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, devereux.richard@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 5117 EP - 5123 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Bacteria KW - actogenic bacteria KW - intercellular colonization KW - rhizospheres KW - sulfate-reducing bacteria KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Anaerobic respiration KW - Sulfate-reducing bacteria KW - Symbiosis KW - Halodule wrightii KW - Marine microorganisms KW - Roots KW - Acetobacterium KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Sediments KW - Rhizoplane KW - Colonization KW - Sea water KW - Desulfovibrio KW - Plants KW - Thalassia testudinum KW - Sea grass KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - J 02905:Water KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17580660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Acetogenic+and+sulfate-reducing+bacteria+inhabiting+the+rhizoplane+and+deep+cortex+cells+of+the+sea+grass+Halodule+wrightii&rft.au=Kusel%2C+K%3BPinkart%2C+H+C%3BDrake%2C+H+L%3BDevereux%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kusel&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Anaerobic respiration; Symbiosis; Roots; Sea grass; Sediments; Rhizoplane; Sulfate-reducing bacteria; Sea water; Marine microorganisms; Plants; Hybridization analysis; Bacteria; Halodule wrightii; Desulfovibrio; Thalassia testudinum; Acetobacterium; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-dependent localization of TCDD in isolated centrilobular and periportal hepatocytes AN - 17495152; 4684620 AB - Dose-response relationships for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) suggest a differential sensitivity of liver cell types to the induction of cytochrome P450 gene expression, and that the induction of hepatic protein CYP1A2 causes sequestration of TCDD. In addition, immunolocalization of hepatic CYP1A1/1B1/1A2 proteins is not uniform after exposure to TCDD. In addition, immunolocalization of hepatic CYP1A1/1B1/1A2 proteins is not uniform after exposure to TCDD. The mechanism for the regio-specific induction of hepatic P450s by TCDD is unknown, but may involve the differential distribution of participants in the AhR-mediated pathway and/or regional P450 isozymes, as well as, non-uniform distribution/sequestration of TCDD. Therefore, this study examined the effects of TCDD in unfractionated, centrilobular and periportal hepatocytes isolated from female Sprague-Dawley rats acutely exposed (3 days) to a single oral dose of 0.01-10.0 [mgr]g [ super(3)H]TCDD/kg. A dose-dependent increase in concentration of TCDD was accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 mRNA expression and associated enzymes in all liver-cell populations. Centrilobular hepatocytes showed a 2.7- to 4.5-fold higher concentration of TCDD as compared to the periportal hepatocytes at doses up to 0.3 [mgr]g TCDD/kg. Furthermore, centrilobular hepatocytes showed an elevated concentration of induced CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 mRNA as compared to periportal hepatocytes within the 0.01- and 0.3-[mgr]g TCDD/kg-treatment groups. This is the first study to demonstrate that a dose-dependent difference in distribution of TCDD exists between centrilobular and periportal cells that might be related to regional differences in P450 induction. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Santostefano, MJ AU - Richardson, V M AU - Walker, N J AU - Blanton, J AU - Lindros, KO AU - Lucier, G W AU - Alcasey, S K AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Experimental Toxicology Division (ETD), Pharmacokinetics Branch, USEPA, Mail Drop 74, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, santostefano.michael@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 9 EP - 19 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - rats KW - cytochrome P450 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Hepatocytes KW - TCDD KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17495152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Dose-dependent+localization+of+TCDD+in+isolated+centrilobular+and+periportal+hepatocytes&rft.au=Santostefano%2C+MJ%3BRichardson%2C+V+M%3BWalker%2C+N+J%3BBlanton%2C+J%3BLindros%2C+KO%3BLucier%2C+G+W%3BAlcasey%2C+S+K%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Santostefano&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; Hepatocytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of disturbance events on phytoplankton community structure in a small temperate reservoir AN - 17454831; 4659498 AB - 1 The effects of disturbances, in the form of storm events, on phytoplankton community structure were examined over the course of four years in Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin, USA. 2 Disturbances consistently brought about significant, but highly transient, increases in apparent phytoplankton species richness. It is likely that these resulted from temporary increases in the biomass of previously undetected rare species. 3 Substantial shifts in community dominance were confined to large, early season events, and were seldom long-lived. Later `climax' communities were highly resistant to any changes in dominance, even when increases in species richness occurred. 4 Regardless of when they occurred, disturbances tended to favour species from a narrow range of the successional sequence. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Barbiero, R P AU - James, W F AU - Barko, J W AD - Grace Analytical Laboratories, 536 S. Clark St. Chicago IL 60605 USA, barbiero.rick@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 503 EP - 512 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - USA, Wisconsin, Eau Galle Reservoir KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Community structure KW - Phytoplankton KW - Species Diversity KW - Disturbance KW - Storms KW - Reservoirs KW - Species richness KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - D 04627:Algae/lichens UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17454831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+disturbance+events+on+phytoplankton+community+structure+in+a+small+temperate+reservoir&rft.au=Barbiero%2C+R+P%3BJames%2C+W+F%3BBarko%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Barbiero&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.1999.00491.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reservoirs; Phytoplankton; Storms; Species Diversity; Community structure; Disturbance; Species richness DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00491.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Human Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter AN - 17429280; 4644860 AB - Recent epidemiological studies have consistently shown that the acute mortality effects of high concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM), documented in historic air pollution episodes, may also be occurring at the low to moderate concentrations of ambient PM found in modern urban areas. In London in December 1952, the unexpected deaths due to PM exposure could be identified and counted as integers by the coroners. In modern times, the PM-related deaths cannot be as readily identified, and they can only be inferred as fractional average daily increases in mortality rates using sophisticated statistical filtering and analyses of the air quality and mortality data. The causality of the relationship between exposure to ambient PM and acute mortality at these lower modern PM concentrations has been questioned because of a perception that there is little significant correlation in time between the ambient PM concentrations and measured personal exposure to PM from all sources (ambient PM plus indoor-generated PM). This article shows that the critical factor supporting the plausibility of a linear PM mortality relationship is the expected high correlation in time of people's exposure to PM of ambient origin with measured ambient PM concentrations, as used in the epidemiological time series studies. The presence of indoor and personal sources of PM masks this underlying relationship, leading to confusion in the scientific literature about the strong underlying temporal relationship between personal exposure to PM of ambient origin and ambient PM concentration. The authors show that the sources of PM of non-ambient origin operate independently of the ambient PM concentrations, so that the mortality effect of non-ambient PM, if any, must be independent of the effects of the ambient PM exposures. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Mage, D AU - Wilson, W AU - Hasselblad, V AU - Grant, L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1280 EP - 1291 VL - 49 IS - 11 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - British Isles, England, London KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Humans KW - Environmental health KW - Pollution effects KW - Particulates KW - Mortality KW - Air pollution KW - Epidemiology KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17429280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Human+Exposure+to+Ambient+Particulate+Matter&rft.au=Mage%2C+D%3BWilson%2C+W%3BHasselblad%2C+V%3BGrant%2C+L&rft.aulast=Mage&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particulates; Air pollution; Pollution effects; Environmental health; Mortality; Epidemiology; Humans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of environmental changes on degradation of chiral pollutants in soils AN - 855692576; 14051576 AB - Numerous anthropogenic chemicals of environmental concern--including some phenoxy acid herbicides, organophosphorus insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, freon substitutes and some DDT derivatives--are chiral. Their potential biological effects, such as toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and endocrine disrupter activity, are generally enantiomer-selective, and different enantiomers are preferentially degraded (transformed) by micro-organisms in various environments. Here we use field and laboratory experiments to demonstrate that environmental changes in soils can alter these preferences, and to suggest that the preferences shift owing to different groups of related microbial genotypes being activated by different environmental changes. In Brazilian soils, almost all pasture samples preferentially transformed the non-herbicidal enantiomer of dichlorprop ((RS)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid), while most forest samples either transformed the herbicidal enantiomer more readily or as rapidly as the non-herbicidal enantiomer. Organic nutrient enrichments shifted enantioselectivity for methyl dichlorprop ((RS)-methyl 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid) strongly towards preferentially removing the non-herbicidal enantiomer in soils from Brazil and North America, potentially increasing phytotoxicity of its residues relative to that of the racemate. Assessments of the risks chemical pollutants pose to public health and the environment need to take into account the chiral selectivity of microbial transformation processes and their alteration by environmental changes, especially for pesticides as up to 25 per cent are chiral. JF - Nature AU - Lewis, David L AU - Garrison, AWayne AU - Wommack, KEric AU - Whittemore, Alton AU - Steudler, Paul AU - Melillo, Jerry AD - [1] US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA [2] Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA Y1 - 1999/10/28/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 28 SP - 898 EP - 901 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 401 IS - 6756 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); METADEX (MD); Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Composites Industry Abstracts (ED); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Computer and Information Systems Abstracts (CI); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855692576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Influence+of+environmental+changes+on+degradation+of+chiral+pollutants+in+soils&rft.au=Lewis%2C+David+L%3BGarrison%2C+AWayne%3BWommack%2C+KEric%3BWhittemore%2C+Alton%3BSteudler%2C+Paul%3BMelillo%2C+Jerry&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1999-10-28&rft.volume=401&rft.issue=6756&rft.spage=898&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F44801 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/44801 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-Mediated Oxidative Stress in CYP1A2 Knockout (CYP1A2-/-) Mice AN - 17332279; 4608006 AB - The objective of the study was to compare alterations in indicators of oxidative stress following 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure in cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) knockout mice and their parental lineage strains (C57BL/6N and 129/Sv). This study will aid in determining the role, if any, of CYP1A2 in TCDD-mediated oxidative stress. Formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as a measurement of lipid peroxidation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the in vitro reduction of cytochrome c in tissue homogenate, and changes in the biochemical antioxidant glutathione were monitored to determine oxidative stress 7 days following a single oral dose of 25 mu g TCDD/kg. TBARS, reduction of cytochrome c, and changes in glutathione demonstrated a similar response in CYP1A2 knockout and parental strains. These data suggest that CYP1A2 does not play a critical role in the acute oxidative stress response following TCDD exposure. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Slezak, B P AU - Diliberto, J J AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Experimental Toxicology Division (ETD), Pharmacokinetics Branch, Mail Drop-74, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711., diliberto.janet@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/22/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 22 SP - 376 EP - 379 PB - Academic Press VL - 264 IS - 2 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin KW - cytochrome P4501A2 KW - cytochrome c KW - mice KW - thiobarbituric acid KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Glutathione KW - Oxidative stress KW - TCDD KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17332279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=2%2C3%2C7%2C8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-Mediated+Oxidative+Stress+in+CYP1A2+Knockout+%28CYP1A2-%2F-%29+Mice&rft.au=Slezak%2C+B+P%3BDiliberto%2C+J+J%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Slezak&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-10-22&rft.volume=396&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; Oxidative stress; Glutathione; Reactive oxygen species DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.1518 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by bromoform: investigation of the role of GSTT1-1 polymorphism. AN - 70859066; 10526210 AB - Brominated trihalomethanes (THMs) are disinfection by-products present frequently in chlorinated drinking water. Brominated THMs are mutagenic in a variety of systems and are carcinogenic in rodents. The metabolism of brominated THMs is thought to involve a GSH conjugation reaction leading either to formaldehyde or DNA-reactive intermediates via glutathione S-transferase-theta (GSTT1-1), which is polymorphic in humans. In the present study, we have determined the genotoxicity of one of the brominated THMs, bromoform (BF), by measuring its ability to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in whole-blood (WB) cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes from GSTT1-1+ and GSTT1-1- donors. The results showed no differences in SCEs per cell by BF between GSTT1-1+ and GSTT1-1- individuals when the cells were exposed to 5 x 10(-3) M BF at the beginning of cell culturing (10.8+/-0.85 vs. 10.57+/-0.47, respectively), at the 16th (9.66+/-0.91 vs. 9.57+/-0.07), or the 24th h (8.21+/-0.61 vs. 8.29+/-0.24) of cell growth. Although GSTT1-1 is expressed in the erythrocytes, the lack of expression of the GSTT1-1 gene in the target cells (lymphocytes) may account for this observation. JF - Mutation research AU - Landi, S AU - Hanley, N M AU - Kligerman, A D AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division (MD-68), US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. landi.stefano@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 19 SP - 261 EP - 267 VL - 429 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Trihalomethanes KW - glutathione S-transferase T1 KW - EC 2.5.1.- KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - bromoform KW - TUT9J99IMU KW - Index Medicus KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Genotype KW - Erythrocytes -- enzymology KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Cycle KW - Female KW - Male KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Lymphocytes -- ultrastructure KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70859066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Induction+of+sister+chromatid+exchanges+in+human+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes+by+bromoform%3A+investigation+of+the+role+of+GSTT1-1+polymorphism.&rft.au=Landi%2C+S%3BHanley%2C+N+M%3BKligerman%2C+A+D%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Landi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-19&rft.volume=429&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swedish experiences of incentives for the protection of nature AN - 17409025; 4634743 AB - In Sweden, the maintenance of biological diversity is considered a key element in the development towards a sustainable society. However, the link between sustainable development and biodiversity is far from clear to everybody. It is an important task to explain this link. A cornerstone of Swedish biodiversity policy is that each sector in society has a sectoral responsibility to ensure that its own activities do not cause any long-term loss of biodiversity (but instead help to maintain it). The concept of sectoral responsibility is an important feature of environmental policy in the context of developing new incentives. Besides `traditional' nature conservation tools -- such as the protection of sites, purchasing land and general environmental legislation -- new, more market-oriented incentives have emerged during the last few years, e.g. certifications schemes in forestry and eco-labelling in agriculture. These new incentives have developed alongside political processes (parliament, government, agencies etc.) and have been formulated and negotiated by 'market players'. Environmental NGOs, such as WWF Sweden and the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, have often taken the lead role in this process. Another feature of these incentives is that they not only apply to products but also to production; an example of this is in forestry where not just the wood but also forest management are in focus. The national agri-environmental programmes, within the context of the European Union's subsidy programme for environmental measures in agriculture, provide a powerful tool for conserving and enhancing biodiversity. In Sweden at least, there is nowadays complete acceptance for the basic view that it is both desirable and necessary to pay the farmers for their 'production' of common benefits such as biodiversity in well-managed pastures and meadows. Market-oriented incentives, such as eco-labelling and certification schemes, have an important role to play and should complement other, more traditional tools such as general environmental legislation and protection of sites. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Terstad, J AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Natural Resources, 106 48 Stockholm, Sweden, jan.terstad@environ.se Y1 - 1999/10/18/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 18 SP - 189 EP - 196 VL - 240 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Sweden KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental economics KW - Sustainable development KW - Biological diversity KW - Federal policies KW - Nature conservation KW - Environment management KW - Legislation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17409025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Swedish+experiences+of+incentives+for+the+protection+of+nature&rft.au=Terstad%2C+J&rft.aulast=Terstad&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-18&rft.volume=240&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Managing for biodiversity for the protection of nature N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological diversity; Nature conservation; Sustainable development; Environment management; Environmental economics; Legislation; Federal policies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adsorption of Bacteriophages on Clay Minerals AN - 17416920; 4639039 AB - The ability to predict the fate of microorganisms in soil is dependent on an understanding of the process of their sorption on soil and subsurface materials. Presently, we have focused on studying the thermodynamics of sorption of bacteriophages (T-2, MS-2, and phi X-174) on clays (hectorite, saponite, kaolinite, and clay fraction of samples collected from a landfill site). The thermodynamic study not only determines the feasibility of the process but also provides information on the relative magnitudes of the different forces under a particular set of conditions. The total free energy of interaction during sorption of bacteriophages on clays ( Delta G) has been assumed to be the summation of Delta G super(H) ( Delta G due to hydrophobic interactions) and Delta G super(EL) ( Delta G due to electrostatic interactions). The magnitude of Delta G super(H) was determined from the different interracial tensions ( gamma ) present in the system, while Delta G super(EL) was calculated from zeta -potentials of the colloidal particles. Calculated results show that surface hydrophobicities of the selected sorbents and sorbates dictate sorption. Among the selected bacteriophages, maximum sorption was observed with T-2, while hectorite has the maximum sorption capacity. Experimental results obtained from the batch adsorption studies also corroborated those obtained from the theoretical study. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Chattopadhyay, S AU - Puls, R W AD - ManTech Environmental Research Services Corporation, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74821-1198, USA, Sandip@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 3609 EP - 3614 VL - 33 IS - 20 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phages KW - Thermodynamics KW - Phage T2 KW - Hydrophobicity KW - Clays KW - Phage MS2 KW - Adsorption KW - Minerals KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17416920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Adsorption+of+Bacteriophages+on+Clay+Minerals&rft.au=Chattopadhyay%2C+S%3BPuls%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Chattopadhyay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=3609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9811492 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phage T2; Phage MS2; Adsorption; Clays; Minerals; Thermodynamics; Hydrophobicity; Phages DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9811492 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening for Persistent Organic Pollutants: Techniques To Provide a Scientific Basis for POPs Criteria in International Negotiations AN - 17414339; 4639025 AB - The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is currently coordinating negotiations to develop a binding global agreement by late in the year 2000 to prohibit, restrict, or reduce the production, use, or release of certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs). POPs are a small subset of organic chemicals whose characteristics of persistence in the environment, accumulation in biological organisms, and toxicity make them priority pollutants and environmental risks to humans and ecosystems. Under the UNEP negotiation, representatives are developing criteria and procedures for the addition of substances, guided by the initial list of 12 substances or substance groups selected for global action. It is therefore timely to investigate the scientific foundation for POPs screening criteria that have been used in other international, regional, and national programs, focusing on the properties of persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and long-range transport in a policy context. The theoretical, empirical, and multimedia modeling approaches used reveal that guidance for setting POPs screening criteria can be developed using a combination of science and policy input. These approaches suggest that criteria adopted under regional POPs agreements in North America and Europe are reasonable and tend to isolate a limited number of clearly hazardous POPs from the majority of organic chemicals, while not being so stringent that the ability to respond to as yet unidentified risks is seriously compromised. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Rodan, B D AU - Pennington, D W AU - Eckley, N AU - Boethling, R S AD - U. S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, 401 M Street SW (8601D), Washington, DC 20460, USA, rodan.bruce@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 15 SP - 3482 EP - 3488 VL - 33 IS - 20 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Government policies KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Organic compounds KW - International agreements KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17414339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Screening+for+Persistent+Organic+Pollutants%3A+Techniques+To+Provide+a+Scientific+Basis+for+POPs+Criteria+in+International+Negotiations&rft.au=Rodan%2C+B+D%3BPennington%2C+D+W%3BEckley%2C+N%3BBoethling%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Rodan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-10-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=3482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Organic compounds; Pollutant persistence; Pollution control; International agreements; Government policies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioavailability and trophic transfer of humic-bound copper from bacteria to zooplankton AN - 17487390; 4682515 AB - The effect of humic acid (HA) on uptake and transfer of Cu by selected marine organisms from the microbial loop was determined. Bacteria grown with and without 15 mu g Cu l super(-1) and with and without 10 mg Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) l super(-1) were fed to Uronema sp. The Uronema were subsequently fed to Acartia tonsa to determine the effect of humic acid on the uptake and transfer of Cu from bacteria to copepods. The presence of 10 mg SRHA l super(-1) reduced Cu uptake in A. tonsa by an average of 54% and significantly reduced the negative effects of Cu on reproductive success of A. tonsa. The percentage of the total Cu residues in A. tonsa resulting from feeding was estimated by exposing A. tonsa to the same conditions with and without pre-exposed Uronema as food. The results indicate that approximately 50% of the Cu residue is due to feeding. Thus, SRHA seems to affect Cu uptake in A. tonsa through binding of free Cu in the water at the same rate as through the food chain. This study demonstrates the importance of complexation of metals by organic matter and trophic transfer processes for organisms critical to estuarine food webs. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Lores, E M AU - Pennock, J R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, lores.emile@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/14/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 14 SP - 67 EP - 75 VL - 187 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Metal complexation KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Uronema KW - Aquatic bacteria KW - Heavy metals KW - Copper KW - Trophic relationships KW - Acartia tonsa KW - Inhibitors KW - Marine crustaceans KW - Food webs KW - Bacteria KW - Body burden KW - Estuaries KW - Nutrient availability KW - Zooplankton KW - Brackish KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Humic acids KW - Microorganisms KW - Uptake KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04665:Crustaceans KW - J 02905:Water KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17487390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+and+trophic+transfer+of+humic-bound+copper+from+bacteria+to+zooplankton&rft.au=Lores%2C+E+M%3BPennock%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Lores&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-10-14&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acartia tonsa; Uronema; Food webs; Trophic relationships; Humic acids; Inhibitors; Uptake; Bioaccumulation; Body burden; Copper; Heavy metals; Microorganisms; Marine crustaceans; Zooplankton; Aquatic bacteria; Nutrient availability; Estuaries; Bacteria; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial distribution of biomass in forests of the eastern USA AN - 17372269; 4594690 AB - We produced a map of the biomass density and pools, at the county scale of resolution, of all forests of the eastern US using new approaches for converting inventoried wood volume to estimates of above and belowground biomass. Maps provide a visual representation of the pattern of forest biomass densities and pools over space that are useful for forest managers and decision makers, and as databases for verification of vegetation models. We estimated biomass density and pools at the county level from the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis database on growing stock volume by forest type and stand size-class, and mapped the results in a geographic information system. We converted stand volume to aboveground biomass with regression equations for biomass expansion factors (BEF; ratio of aboveground biomass density of all living trees to merchantable volume) versus stand volume. Belowground biomass was estimated as a function of aboveground biomass with regression equations. Total biomass density for hardwood forests ranged from 36 to 344 Mg ha super(-1), with an area-weighted mean of 159 Mg ha super(-1). About 50% of all counties had hardwood forests with biomass densities between 125 and 175 Mg ha super(-1). For softwood forests, biomass density ranged from 2 to 346 Mg ha super(-1), with an area-weighted mean of 110 Mg ha super(-1). Biomass densities were generally lower for softwoods than for hardwoods; ca. 40% of all counties had softwood forests with biomass densities between 75 and 125 Mg ha super(-1). Highest amounts of forest biomass were located in the Northern Lake states, mountain areas of the Mid-Atlantic states, and parts of New England, and lowest amounts in the Midwest states. The total biomass for all eastern forests for the late 1980s was estimated at 20.5 Pg, 80% of which was in hardwood forests. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Brown, S L AU - Schroeder, P AU - Kern, J S AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St Corvallis, OR 97333 USA Y1 - 1999/10/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 11 SP - 81 EP - 90 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 123 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Spatial+distribution+of+biomass+in+forests+of+the+eastern+USA&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BSchroeder%2C+P%3BKern%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-11&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2899%2900017-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00017-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional trends in aquatic recovery from acidification in North America and Europe AN - 17337836; 4611565 AB - Rates of acidic deposition from the atmosphere ("acid rain") have decreased throughout the 1980s and 1990s across large portions of North America and Europe. Many recent studies have attributed observed reversals in surface-water acidification at national and regional scales to the declining deposition. To test whether emissions regulations have led to widespread recovery in surface-water chemistry, we analyzed regional trends between 1980 and 1995 in indicators of acidification (sulphate, nitrate and base-action concentrations, and measured (Gran) alkalinity) for 205 lakes and streams in eight regions of North America and Europe. Dramatic differences in trend direction and strength for the two decades are apparent. In concordance with general temporal trends in acidic deposition, lake and stream sulphate concentrations decreased in all regions with the exception of Great Britain; all but one of these regions exhibited stronger downward trends in the 1990s than in the 1980s. In contrast, regional declines in lake and stream nitrate concentrations were rare and, when detected, were very small. Recovery in alkalinity, expected wherever strong regional declines in sulphate concentrations have occurred, was observed in all regions of Europe, especially in the 1990s, but in only one region (of five) in North America. We attribute the lack of recovery in three regions (south/central Ontario, the Adirondack/Catskill mountains and midwestern North America) to strong regional declines in base-cation concentrations that exceed the decreases in sulphate concentrations. JF - Nature AU - Stoddard, J L AU - Jeffries, D S AU - Luekeswille, A AU - Clair, T A AU - Dillon, P J AU - Driscoll, C T AU - Forsius, M AU - Johannessen, M AU - Kahl, J S AU - Kellogg, J H AU - Kemp, A AU - Mannio, J AU - Monteith, D T AU - Wilander, A AD - Environ. Prot. Agency, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, stoddardail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/07/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 07 SP - 575 EP - 578 PB - Macmillan Journals Ltd. VL - 401 IS - 6753 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Canada, Ontario KW - Europe KW - USA, New York, Adirondack Mts. KW - USA, New York, Catskill Mts. KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Water sampling KW - Chemical limnology KW - Limnology KW - Freshwater KW - Acidification KW - Regional analysis KW - Acid rain KW - Chemistry of precipitation KW - Aquatic environment KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Chemical analysis KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17337836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Regional+trends+in+aquatic+recovery+from+acidification+in+North+America+and+Europe&rft.au=Stoddard%2C+J+L%3BJeffries%2C+D+S%3BLuekeswille%2C+A%3BClair%2C+T+A%3BDillon%2C+P+J%3BDriscoll%2C+C+T%3BForsius%2C+M%3BJohannessen%2C+M%3BKahl%2C+J+S%3BKellogg%2C+J+H%3BKemp%2C+A%3BMannio%2C+J%3BMonteith%2C+D+T%3BWilander%2C+A&rft.aulast=Stoddard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-07&rft.volume=401&rft.issue=6753&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Acid rain; Water sampling; Atmospheric chemistry; Chemical limnology; Limnology; Acidification; Chemical analysis; Aquatic environment; Pollutant deposition; Regional analysis; Chemistry of precipitation; Canada, Ontario; USA, New York, Catskill Mts.; Europe; USA, New York, Adirondack Mts.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emission of Pesticides into the Air AN - 755135067; 13634123 AB - During and after the application of a pesticide in agriculture, a substantial fraction of the dosage may enter the atmosphere and be transported over varying distances downwind of the target. The rate and extent of the emission during application, predominantly as spray particle drift, depends primarily on the application method (equipment and technique), the formulation and environmental conditions, whereas the emission after application depends primarily on the properties of the pesticide, soils, crops and environmental conditions. The fraction of the dosage that misses the target area may be high in some cases and more experimental data on this loss term are needed for various application types and weather conditions. Such data are necessary to test spray drift models, and for further model development and verification as well. Following application, the emission of soil fumigants and soil incorporated pesticides into the air can be measured and computed with reasonable accuracy, but further model development is needed to improve the reliability of the model predictions. For soil surface applied pesticides reliable measurement methods are available, but there is not yet a reliable model. Further model development is required which must be verified by field experiments. Few data are available on pesticide volatilization from plants and more field experiments are also needed to study the fate processes on the plants. Once this information is available, a model needs to be developed to predict the volatilization of pesticides from plants, which, again, should be verified with field measurements. For regional emission estimates, a link between data on the temporal and spatial pesticide use and a geographical information system for crops and soils with their characteristics is needed. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - van den Berg, F AU - Kubiak, R AU - Benjey, W G AU - Majewski AU - Yates AU - Reeves, G L AU - Smelt, J H AU - van der Linden, AMA AD - Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division, Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA, NERL, f.vandenberg@sc.dlo.nl Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 195 EP - 218 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 115 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Weather KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Sprays KW - agriculture KW - fumigants KW - Particulates KW - Soil contamination KW - Weather conditions KW - Atmosphere KW - Crops KW - Soil KW - Soil pollution KW - Pesticides KW - Emission measurements KW - Emissions KW - Geographic information systems KW - Environmental conditions KW - Wind KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755135067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Emission+of+Pesticides+into+the+Air&rft.au=van+den+Berg%2C+F%3BKubiak%2C+R%3BBenjey%2C+W+G%3BMajewski%3BYates%3BReeves%2C+G+L%3BSmelt%2C+J+H%3Bvan+der+Linden%2C+AMA&rft.aulast=van+den+Berg&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005234329622 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil pollution; Atmospheric pollution; Atmospheric pollution models; Weather conditions; Weather; Sprays; agriculture; Soil contamination; Particulates; fumigants; Atmosphere; Crops; Soil; Pesticides; Emissions; Emission measurements; Geographic information systems; Environmental conditions; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005234329622 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response to inhaled grain dust. AN - 70764293; 10508823 AB - Interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and the secreted form of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1RA) are involved in the inflammatory response to inhaled grain dust. Previously, we found considerable production of these cytokines in the lower respiratory tract of workers exposed by inhalation to aqueous extracts of corn dust extract. Alveolar macrophages (AM) have long been considered the cell type responsible for producing these cytokines, and only recently has it been realized that airway epithelial cells may also be involved in cytokine production. In order to determine whether airway epithelia are involved in the inflammatory response to inhaled corn dust extract and to compare the magnitude of response of bronchial epithelial cells (BE) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, we used the reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) technique in a semiquantitative manner to evaluate the concentration of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and sIL-1RA. Alveolar cells were obtained by BAL, and BE were obtained by endobronchial brush biopsy from 15 grain handlers 6 h after experimental inhalation of saline or an aqueous corn dust extract. After inhalation of saline, BE expressed low but detectable levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1beta (> 1 complementary DNA [cDNA] molecule/cell). After inhalation of corn dust extract, the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for IL-1beta and IL-8 in the BE were significantly increased, whereas no change was seen in IL-6, sIL-1RA, and TNF-alpha mRNA expression. Comparing cytokine mRNA levels in BE and BAL cells from the same subjects after inhalation of corn dust extract, BE and BAL cells expressed equivalent amounts of IL-8 mRNA; IL-1beta was 11-fold higher in BAL cells; and TNF-alpha and sIL-1RA were expressed exclusively by BAL cells. Immunostaining for the cytokines in BAL cells showed cytokine protein expression in AMs but not in polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). On the other hand, sIL-1RA was strongly expressed in both AMs and PMNs. Analysis of cytokine protein levels in endobronchial lavage (EBL) fluid demonstrated that only IL-8 was released in detectable amounts into the airway lumen, whereas all the other cytokines of interest were exclusively found in the BAL fluid. Thus, within 6 h after inhalation exposure to corn dust extract, BE appear to contribute to airway inflammation by producing IL-8. AMs are responsible for most of the IL-1beta and IL-6 production in the alveolar region, whereas AMs and PMNs both produce sIL-1RA. Our findings suggest that the inflammatory response to inhaled grain dust is compartmentalized, involving specific mediators of inflammation released by macrophages, neutrophils, and airway epithelial cells. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Becker, S AU - Clapp, W A AU - Quay, J AU - Frees, K L AU - Koren, H S AU - Schwartz, D A AD - U.S. EPA NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1309 EP - 1318 VL - 160 IS - 4 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Interleukin-8 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Interleukin-1 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Interleukin-6 -- metabolism KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Receptors, Interleukin-1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Inflammation KW - Neutrophils -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Respiratory Mucosa -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-1 -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Bronchi -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - Adolescent KW - Interleukin-8 -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Zea mays KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Dust -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70764293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Compartmentalization+of+the+inflammatory+response+to+inhaled+grain+dust.&rft.au=Becker%2C+S%3BClapp%2C+W+A%3BQuay%2C+J%3BFrees%2C+K+L%3BKoren%2C+H+S%3BSchwartz%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative measurement of Stachybotrys chartarum conidia using real time detection of PCR products with the TaqMan(TM)fluorogenic probe system. AN - 70764066; 10508554 AB - The occurrence of Stachybotrys chartarum in indoor environments has been associated with a number of human health concerns, including fatal pulmonary haemosiderosis in infants. Currently used culture-based and microscopic methods of fungal species identification are poorly suited to providing quick and accurate estimates of airborne human exposures to the toxin containing conidia of this organism. In this study, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product analysis using the TaqManU fluorogenic probe system and an Applied Biosystems PrismS model 7700 sequence detection instrument (model 7700) was applied to the specific detection of S. chartarum ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences. Based upon this assay and a recently reported comparative cycle threshold method for quantifying target DNA sequences using data from the model 7700, a simple method for the direct quantification of S. chartarum conidia was developed. In analyses of samples containing several different strains and from two to over 2x10(5)cells, this method consistently provided quantitative estimates of S. chartarum conidia that were within a one-fold range (50-200%) of those determined on the basis of direct microscopic counts in a haemocytometer. The method showed a similar level of agreement with direct counting in the quantification of S. chartarum conidia in air samples collected from several contaminated homes. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Haugland, R A AU - Vesper, S J AU - Wymer, L J AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA.haugland.rich@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 329 EP - 340 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - DNA, Ribosomal KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - DNA, Ribosomal -- analysis KW - Environmental Microbiology KW - DNA, Fungal -- analysis KW - Stachybotrys -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70764066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=Quantitative+measurement+of+Stachybotrys+chartarum+conidia+using+real+time+detection+of+PCR+products+with+the+TaqMan%28TM%29fluorogenic+probe+system.&rft.au=Haugland%2C+R+A%3BVesper%2C+S+J%3BWymer%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Haugland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data quality objectives in environmental research planning. AN - 69507919; 11191120 AB - This paper presents highlights of a Data Quality Objectives course relating the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) seven step research planning process to research efforts at the U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, in Duluth, Minnesota. Introductory materials were derived from "Guidance for the Data Quality Objectives Process, EPA QA/G-4." Case studies illustrate decisions that were made during the systematic planning process and subsequent experimentation. This paper demonstrates how the Data Quality Objectives Process clearly links research goals and objectives with the final product. Application of the process to environmental research ensures that environmental research data are of known, credible, defensible and usable quality. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Batterman, A R AU - Batterman, S L AU - Jensen, K M AU - Whiteman, F W AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA. batterman.allan@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 181 EP - 194 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Data Collection -- standards KW - Animals KW - Trout -- growth & development KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Trout -- physiology KW - Decision Making KW - Dioxins -- toxicity KW - Organizational Case Studies KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Planning Techniques KW - Problem Solving KW - Social Responsibility KW - Environmental Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Quality Control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69507919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Data+quality+objectives+in+environmental+research+planning.&rft.au=Batterman%2C+A+R%3BBatterman%2C+S+L%3BJensen%2C+K+M%3BWhiteman%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Batterman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality science and quality assurance: observations of an environmental scientist. AN - 69506221; 11191123 AB - The purpose of this manuscript is to examine the relationship between quality science (QS) and quality assurance (QA). Many research scientists definitely want to do QS, but are afraid or do not want to do QA because they are intimidated by the QA process or they do not appreciate the benefits of QA. Therefore, the relationship between QS and QA is examined in this manuscript by an environmental scientist who has conducted 30 years of research in university, contract and government laboratories. To start, QS is defined in this paper as data that are published in the peer-reviewed literature. The quality of the research data is assumed by the general scientific population to be directly proportional to the status of the journal. For example, it is highly prestigious to have an article published in Science. At the U.S. EPA, the procedure for sending a manuscript to a journal for publication is the responsibility of the senior author. The senior author of an EPA-sponsored manuscript is expected to have the manuscript reviewed by the coauthors (they should also review the data), then the manuscript must be reviewed by at least two other scientists, one of whom must be from outside the authors' division. After this review and approval by management, the manuscript is sent to a peer-reviewed journal, where it is reviewed by several anonymous scientists as determined by the journal. After the comments of the reviewers are addressed, the manuscript can either be accepted or rejected for publication by the journal. For the purpose of this manuscript, the definition of QA is defined as the guarantee from a review team that the entire study was adequately and correctly conducted and recorded according to the study protocol. Many scientists view QS and QA as separate entities. From the scientist's perspective, QA procedures are not applicable to research studies, and should be used only for studies that will be submitted to either the EPA or the FDA for regulatory approval (i.e., Good Laboratory Practice [GLP] studies). However, QA can be applied to both types of studies. A QA review will examine all aspects of the study including data files (notebooks, protocols), as well as equipment, sample storage, actual experimental organisms (animals or cells) and the management of all study records. The data from a QA-reviewed study are therefore more defensible in a court of law, and more reproducible due to more through, chronological records. Generally speaking, few coauthors of a scientific manuscript analyze the raw data in the laboratory notebooks or inspect the laboratory equipment. Furthermore, coauthors generally have not been in the laboratory where the research was conducted in order to observe quality control measures. These are the areas where a QA review is extremely beneficial. In summary, data in the peer-reviewed literature do not undergo the same type of review as do data that have undergone a QA review. QA reviews assist EPA scientists in conducting and improving their research studies by identifying both excellent study practices and study deficiencies to be addressed, which thereby produces higher quality scientific data. In the opinion of this EPA Scientist and QA Manager, although QA reviews do require effort from the scientist, data from research studies are strengthened by QA review when compared to data from peer-reviewed studies that have not undergone a QA review. QA reviews should be viewed as part of the entire research process--a part that improves the overall quality of the data. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Hughes, T J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Experimental Toxicology Division, MD66, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Hughes.Thomas@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 225 EP - 235 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Peer Review, Research KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Quality Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69506221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Quality+science+and+quality+assurance%3A+observations+of+an+environmental+scientist.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research integrity: a government perspective. AN - 69506199; 11191122 AB - What is research integrity? At the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) research integrity can be defined as conducting and fostering research to define, anticipate, and understand environmental problems; and generating sound, appropriate, credible, and effective solutions to those problems. Whether in government, academia, or industry, integrity is required at all stages of research--from data generation to data analysis. What constitutes research integrity? Simply put, Did we do the right thing? Did we do it the right way? Did we honestly document what we did? This is especially important if the research is used as a basis for public policy. The extensive and intensive use of the results of science in EPA's standard setting, regulatory, and enforcement responsibilities means that scientific misconduct can lead to costly and inappropriate actions through unnecessary expenditure or inadequate protection. The soundness, effectiveness, and credibility of EPA's regulations ultimately rest on the scientific and technical bases for these actions. Careful attention to research record keeping can help ensure data quality and integrity. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, its research requirements, and the work of the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory are discussed below. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Birnbaum, L S AU - Culpepper, B T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Experimental Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 217 EP - 224 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Inservice Training KW - Risk Management KW - Scientific Misconduct KW - Risk Assessment KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Quality Control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69506199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Research+integrity%3A+a+government+perspective.&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+L+S%3BCulpepper%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Never audit alone--the case for audit teams. AN - 69503520; 11246485 AB - On-site audits, conducted by technical and quality assurance (QA) experts at the data-gathering location, are the core of an effective QA program. However, inadequate resources for such audits are the bane of a QA program and, frequently, the proposed solution is to send only one auditor to the study site. There are several reasons why audits should be performed by more than one person: 1. Audits of EPA projects frequently involve hazardous chemicals or other environmental hazards. They also often involve working after normal work hours in remote locations with dangerous equipment. It is unsafe to work alone under such conditions. 2. Skills: Many of EPA's projects are multidisciplinary, involving multiple measurements systems, several environmental media, and complex automated data collection and analysis systems. It is unlikely that one auditor would have the requisite skills to assess all of these operations. 3. Separateness: Two auditors can provide two (sometimes differing) perspectives on problems encountered during an audit. Two auditors can provide complementary expertise and work experience. Two auditors can provide twice the surveillance power. 4. Support: The operations that need to be assessed are sometimes in different parts of a site, requiring two auditing devices or considerable commuting time. Also, auditors are occasionally diverted by managers wishing to show their best efforts rather than the whole operation; if two auditors are on-site, one can interview managers while the other talks with technical staff. If there is a dispute, one auditor can support the other in verifying observations. 5. Savings: Although sending one auditor is perceived to be a cost-saving measure, it may be more economical to send two auditors. Time on site (lodging, food) is decreased, more of the project is assessed in one visit, less pre-audit training is required, and report preparation is accelerated. In summary, sending more than one auditor on a field audit is smarter, safer and more effective, and can be less expensive in the long run. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Adams, N H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Technical Services Branch, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 195 EP - 200 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Professional Competence KW - Quality Control KW - Environmental Health KW - Industry -- standards KW - Institutional Management Teams KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Management Audit -- organization & administration KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69503520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Never+audit+alone--the+case+for+audit+teams.&rft.au=Adams%2C+N+H&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality assurance growing pains: a state perspective on implementing an organizational-wide quality system in environmental laboratories. AN - 69503421; 11191121 AB - To implement an effective and efficient quality system in a network of established environmental testing laboratories requires a committed long-term effort that is potentially fraught with multiple obstacles. This presentation discusses one state's ongoing efforts at implementing such a system. First is the need to convince management of the rationale for a quality systems-based approach versus the traditional QA/QC program. Once development of a quality system has been sanctioned, a team-based approach utilizing project planning tools is a good way to approach the effort. Resources are assigned to the development of key quality system components, and generally a phased-deployment or roll-out works best. Once implementation is underway, assuring operational utilization and compliance with the quality system are vital steps in the process. Important to successful implementation is ongoing assessment and refinement of the quality system. Fundamental and key elements of the laboratory quality system are numerous and need to work in concert with each other. Quality system elements to be discussed in the presentation range from management and QA roles and functions to the typical documentation of laboratory policies and procedures. Numerous QA assessment tools and other vital quality system practices that play an important role in making a complete quality system are addressed. In addition, efforts must be undertaken to integrate the laboratory quality system with other management systems within the organization. The bottom line is that all environmental laboratories need a quality system more now than ever. Data users need it. Customers' expectations for data quality are high. USEPA policy and/or programs call for it. Additionally, good quality systems can benefit the organization in multiple ways and help avoid the "pay-me-now or pay-me-later" syndrome. In conclusion, all environmental testing laboratories (i.e., academic, private, commercial and especially governmental) need to invest in and implement a quality system based on a recognized standard (e.g., NELAC, ISO 17025, ANSI/ASQC E-4). The author recommends pursuing NELAP laboratory accreditation with a NELAP-recognized accrediting authority. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Siders, S D AD - Divisional Quality Assurance Officer, Division of Laboratories, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 1021 North Grand Avenue East, Springfield, Illinois, USA. Scott.Siders@epa.state.il.us PY - 1999 SP - 207 EP - 216 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Index Medicus KW - Systems Integration KW - Illinois KW - Institutional Management Teams KW - Systems Analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Quality Control KW - Laboratories -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69503421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Quality+assurance+growing+pains%3A+a+state+perspective+on+implementing+an+organizational-wide+quality+system+in+environmental+laboratories.&rft.au=Siders%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Siders&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validating existing data in the Environmental Technology Verification Program. AN - 69498978; 11246486 AB - Establishing the credibility of existing data is an ongoing issue, particularly when the data sets are to be used for a secondary purpose, i.e., not the original reason for which they were collected. If the secondary purpose is similar to the primary purpose, the potential user may have little difficulty establishing credibility since the acceptance criteria for both purposes should be similar. If the secondary purpose is different, then data credibility may be more difficult to establish because the experiment generating the data may not have been conducted optimally for the secondary purpose and all of the necessary quality assurance data ("metadata") may not have been collected. In either case, a process will be required to determine the acceptability of the data. For this reason, at the time the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) program was established, similar certification and verification programs run by states or foreign countries routinely used existing data sets, for cost reasons, rather than generate new data by testing. The issue of whether existing data could be used in the ETV program immediately surfaced. In response, a policy and a process that addressed existing data were written and published in Appendix C of the ETV Quality and Management Plan (Hayes et al., 1998). This paper discusses how the ETV program determines the credibility of existing data used to verify the performance of environmental technologies. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Wasson, S J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Technical Services Branch, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 201 EP - 206 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Organizational Policy KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Quality Control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69498978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Validating+existing+data+in+the+Environmental+Technology+Verification+Program.&rft.au=Wasson%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Wasson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National estimates of outdoor air toxics concentrations. AN - 69385967; 10616743 AB - The Clean Air Act identifies 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), or "air toxics," associated with a wide range of adverse human health effects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has conducted a modeling study with the Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide (ASPEN) to gain a greater understanding of the spatial distribution of concentrations of these HAPs resulting from contributions of multiple emission sources. The study estimates year 1990 long-term outdoor concentrations of 148 air toxics for each census tract in the continental United States, utilizing a Gaussian air dispersion modeling approach. Ratios of median national modeled concentrations to estimated emissions indicate that emission totals without consideration of emission source type can be a misleading indicator of air quality. The results also indicate priorities for improvements in modeling methodology and emissions identification. Model performance evaluation suggests a tendency for underprediction of observed concentrations, which is likely due, at least in part, to a number of limitations of the Gaussian modeling formulation. Emissions estimates for HAPs have a high degree of uncertainty and contribute to discrepancies between modeled and monitored concentration estimates. The model's ranking of concentrations among monitoring sites is reasonably good for most of the gaseous HAPs evaluated, with ranking accuracy ranging from 66 to 100%. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) AU - Rosenbaum, A S AU - Axelrad, D A AU - Woodruff, T J AU - Wei, Y H AU - Ligocki, M P AU - Cohen, J P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1138 EP - 1152 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69385967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.atitle=National+estimates+of+outdoor+air+toxics+concentrations.&rft.au=Rosenbaum%2C+A+S%3BAxelrad%2C+D+A%3BWoodruff%2C+T+J%3BWei%2C+Y+H%3BLigocki%2C+M+P%3BCohen%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2000-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health risk above the reference dose for multiple chemicals. AN - 69354674; 10597609 AB - Recent work indicates that the regression of toxicity data viewed as categories of pathological staging is useful for exploring the likely health risk at doses above a Reference Dose (RfD), which is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Toxic effects, which may include both quantal and continuous data, are classified into ordered categories of total toxic severity (e.g., none, mild, adverse, severe). These severity categories are regressed on explanatory variables, such as dose or exposure duration, to estimate the probability of observing an adverse or severe effect. In this paper, categorical regression has been expanded to compare the likely risks across multiple chemicals when exposures are above their RfDs. Existing health risk data for diazinon, disulfoton, S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate, fenamiphos, and lindane were analyzed. As expected, the estimated risks of adverse effects above the RfD varied among the chemicals. For example, at 10-fold above the RfD these risks were modeled to be 0.002, 0.0001, 0.0007, 0.002, and 0.02, respectively. The results and impacts of this analysis indicate that categorical regression is a useful screening tool to analyze risks above the RfD for specific chemicals and suggest its application in evaluating comparative risks where multiple chemical exposures exist. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Teuschler, L K AU - Dourson, M L AU - Stiteler, W M AU - McClure, P AU - Tully, H AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - S19 EP - S26 VL - 30 IS - 2 Pt 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Thiocarbamates KW - fenamiphos KW - 22224-92-6 KW - Disulfoton KW - 3CY5EKL6MT KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - EPTC KW - R7PI3287F4 KW - Diazinon KW - YUS1M1Q929 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Regression Analysis KW - Lindane -- toxicity KW - Diazinon -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Thiocarbamates -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Models, Biological KW - Disulfoton -- toxicity KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- toxicity KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69354674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Health+risk+above+the+reference+dose+for+multiple+chemicals.&rft.au=Teuschler%2C+L+K%3BDourson%2C+M+L%3BStiteler%2C+W+M%3BMcClure%2C+P%3BTully%2C+H&rft.aulast=Teuschler&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2+Pt+2&rft.spage=S19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2000-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Derivation of wildlife values for mercury. AN - 69353489; 10596301 AB - A procedure has been developed to estimate surface water concentrations of toxicants ("wildlife values") that will protect the viability of wildlife populations associated with aquatic resources. This procedure was designed primarily to protect piscivorous birds and mammals from compounds that bioaccumulate in fish and was used in the Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLI) to calculate wildlife values (WV) for mercury, DDT/DDE, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). Published in 1995, and expressed as total mercury in unfiltered water, the final wildlife value (WVf) for mercury derived in the GLI was 1300 pg Hg/L. This value was selected as the wildlife criterion (WC) for mercury in the Great Lakes basin. A second WVf for mercury was derived in 1997 as part of a Congressionally mandated report on airborne mercury emissions. These calculations were based upon mercury speciation data that were largely unavailable when the GLI was developed. Important features of the WVf in the Report to Congress include its calculation on a dissolved methylmercury basis and a reliance on field data to estimate fish bioaccumulation factors. Calculated as methylmercury in filtered water, the WVf derived in the report is 50 pg Hg/L (equivalent to 54 pg MeHg/L). A comparison of WV in the GLI and the Report to Congress requires that average values be specified for mercury speciation in natural systems. Based on this information, the WVf given in the report corresponds to a value of 910 pg Hg/L, as total mercury in unfiltered water, or about 70% of the WVf derived in the GLI. In this article we describe the algorithm used to derive WV in the GLI and the Report to Congress and review its application to mercury. Scientific uncertainties in deriving WV, particularly as they apply to mercury, are critically examined. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews AU - Nichols, J AU - Bradbury, S AU - Swartout, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota 55616, USA. nichols.john@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 325 EP - 355 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Mammals KW - Fishes KW - Birds KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Mercury -- toxicity KW - Animals, Wild UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69353489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+wildlife+values+for+mercury.&rft.au=Nichols%2C+J%3BBradbury%2C+S%3BSwartout%2C+J&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of organic pollutants. AN - 69350526; 10596831 AB - Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has a unique capability for separation of analytes of environmental concern, particularly those that are more polar and ionic, based on the complementary separation principle of electrophoresis. In the past few years, CE has been selectively used to analyze various classes of compounds having current or potential environmental relevance. This review outlines the current status of CE for the determination of environmental pollutants, based predominantly on research results published from the beginning of 1997 to early 1999. Covered are environmental pollutants of all types except pesticides and inorganics. Certain naturally produced toxins are also covered because of their significant impacts upon human health and the environment. CE methods, as with all methods, must be judged on their ability to provide approaches that are reliable, sensitive, selective, and rapid, while meeting "green chemistry" initiatives for pollution prevention. We also compare CE methods to benchmark environmental techniques involving gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). JF - Electrophoresis AU - Sovocool, G W AU - Brumley, W C AU - Donnelly, J R AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA. sovocool.wayne@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 3297 EP - 3310 VL - 20 IS - 15-16 SN - 0173-0835, 0173-0835 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - Coloring Agents KW - DNA Adducts KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Humic Substances KW - Phenols KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Toxins, Biological KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humic Substances -- analysis KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- analysis KW - Coloring Agents -- analysis KW - Toxins, Biological -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Phenols -- analysis KW - Chromatography -- methods KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69350526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrophoresis&rft.atitle=Capillary+electrophoresis+and+capillary+electrochromatography+of+organic+pollutants.&rft.au=Sovocool%2C+G+W%3BBrumley%2C+W+C%3BDonnelly%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Sovocool&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=15-16&rft.spage=3297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electrophoresis&rft.issn=01730835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of laundry detergent components to a freshwater cladoceran and their contribution to detergent toxicity. AN - 69292601; 10571467 AB - The toxicity of 39 laundry detergent components including surfactants, enzymes, builders, fabric brighteners, fillers, and coloring agents to the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia was determined. The difference between the most and the least toxic components was approximately 17,000-fold and 1,000,000-fold for the mg/L and mmol/L EC50 data, respectively. Two of the components had high toxicity (EC50 values 10 mg/L). Analysis revealed that mixtures of the components interacted antagonistically, additively, and synergistically. On a molarity basis the most toxic group of compounds was the surfactants followed by the brighteners. The most toxic individual components included sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium silicate solution, four brighteners, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, and the surfactants. Many of the most toxic components, however, contributed very little to the toxicity of the detergents due to being present in the detergents at low concentrations. The main contributors to the toxicity of detergents were the sodium silicate solution and the surfactants-with the remainder of the components contributing very little to detergent toxicity. The potential for acute aquatic toxic effects due to the release of secondary or tertiary sewage effluents containing the breakdown products of laundry detergents may frequently be low. However, untreated or primary treated effluents containing detergents may pose a problem. Chronic and/or other sublethal effects that were not examined in this study may also pose a problem. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Warne, M S AU - Schifko, A D AD - Ecotoxicology Section of the Environment Protection Authority of NSW, EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. warnem@epa.nsw.gov.au Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 196 EP - 206 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Detergents KW - 0 KW - Surface-Active Agents KW - Water Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Surface-Active Agents -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Detergents -- toxicity KW - Detergents -- chemistry KW - Crustacea -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69292601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+laundry+detergent+components+to+a+freshwater+cladoceran+and+their+contribution+to+detergent+toxicity.&rft.au=Warne%2C+M+S%3BSchifko%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Warne&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone-induced respiratory symptoms: exposure-response models and association with lung function. AN - 69288340; 10573232 AB - Ozone-induced respiratory symptoms are known to be functions of concentration, minute ventilation, and duration of exposure. The purposes of this study were to identify an exposure-response model for symptoms, to determine whether response was related to age, and to assess the relationships between symptom and lung function responses to ozone. Four hundred and eighty-five healthy male volunteers (ages 18-35 yrs) were exposed to one of six ozone concentrations at one of three activity levels for 2 h. Symptoms and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were assessed at the end of 1 and 2 h. The exposure and response data were fitted by a nonlinear exposure-response model previously found to describe FEV1 response. The proportion of individuals experiencing moderate or severe cough, shortness of breath, and pain on deep inspiration were accurately described as functions of concentration, minute ventilation, and time. Response was inversely related to age for shortness of breath (p=0.0001), pain on deep inspiration (p=0.0002), and cough (p=0.0013). Controlling for exposure differences, symptom responses were significantly but weakly (correlation coefficient 0.30-0.41) related to the FEV1 response. In conclusion, the exposure-response model did accurately predict symptoms, response was inversely related to age. JF - The European respiratory journal AU - McDonnell, W F AU - Stewart, P W AU - Smith, M V AU - Pan, W K AU - Pan, J AD - Human Studies Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC 27599-7315, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 845 EP - 853 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0903-1936, 0903-1936 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Exercise Test KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Forced Expiratory Volume -- drug effects KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- adverse effects KW - Dyspnea -- physiopathology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Dyspnea -- chemically induced KW - Cough -- physiopathology KW - Lung -- physiopathology KW - Ozone -- adverse effects KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Cough -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69288340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+European+respiratory+journal&rft.atitle=Ozone-induced+respiratory+symptoms%3A+exposure-response+models+and+association+with+lung+function.&rft.au=McDonnell%2C+W+F%3BStewart%2C+P+W%3BSmith%2C+M+V%3BPan%2C+W+K%3BPan%2C+J&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+European+respiratory+journal&rft.issn=09031936&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gestational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) severely alters reproductive function of female hamster offspring. AN - 69226343; 10543027 AB - Low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), administered as a single dose to the dam during gestation, alter development of the fetal rodent reproductive system. In male rat and hamster offspring, dosing with TCDD during gestation reduces epididymal and ejaculated sperm counts and delays puberty. In female rats, in utero TCDD-exposure results in reduced ovarian weight and fecundity, and induces cleft phallus and a persistent thread of tissue across the vaginal orifice. Here, we demonstrate that 2-microgram TCDD/kg, administered as a single oral dose prior to sexual differentiation, alters reproductive function in female hamster offspring, a species relatively resistant to the lethal effects of TCDD. In the current study, pregnant hamsters (P0 generation) were dosed orally with vehicle (corn oil) or 2 micrograms TCDD/kg on gestational day (GD) 11.5. P0 maternal viability, body weight, fertility, and F1 litter size did not differ between control and treated groups. In the F1 generation, body weights were permanently reduced by about 30%, vaginal opening was delayed (p < 0.0001), and vaginal estrous cycles were altered by TCDD treatment. In contrast, most treated female offspring displayed regular 4-day behavioral estrous cycles, indicating that in utero TCDD treatment did not markedly disrupt hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormonal cyclicity. Although both control and TCDD-treated F1 females mated successfully with a control male (estrous cyclicity was abolished by mating), 20% of the F1 treated females did not become not pregnant (no implants). In addition, 38% of pregnant F1 females from the TCDD group died near-term, and the numbers of implants in pregnant animals (treated 5.1 versus 11.3) and pups born live (2.7 treated vs. 8.7 control) were reduced by TCDD-treatment. In the F2, survival through weaning was drastically reduced (15% treated vs. 78% for control) by TCDD treatment of P0 dams. F1 female hamster offspring exposed in utero to TCDD displayed external urogenital malformations, with most females having complete clefting of the phallus, an effect previously reported in the rat. Unlike rats exposed to TCDD (0.2-1.0 microgram/kg) on GD 15 or GD 8, hamster offspring did not display vaginal threads. These results demonstrate that in utero administration of TCDD adversely affects growth, reproductive function, and anatomy in female hamster offspring given a dosage level nearly four orders of magnitude below the dosage level toxic to the adult animal. Adverse effects of TCDD persisted through two generations (F1 and F2), even though the F1 was only indirectly exposed during gestation and lactation. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Wolf, C J AU - Ostby, J S AU - Gray, L E AD - Endocrinology Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 259 EP - 264 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Vagina -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Litter Size -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Vagina -- growth & development KW - Estrus -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Sexual Maturation -- drug effects KW - Sexual Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Mesocricetus KW - Embryo Implantation -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Growth -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Cricetinae KW - Fertility -- drug effects KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Animals, Newborn -- growth & development KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69226343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Gestational+exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29+severely+alters+reproductive+function+of+female+hamster+offspring.&rft.au=Wolf%2C+C+J%3BOstby%2C+J+S%3BGray%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of landscape metrics for characterizing riparian-stream networks AN - 52373808; 2000-026890 AB - Sampling methods and functionally related landscape metrics were developed for characterizing riparian-stream networks using aerial photography and GIS. A sample area was empirically derived by using morphological characteristics of increasing portions of the stream network surrounding points selected on streams. GIS functions were used to band stream networks in 10-m increments to a distance of 300 m, within which land cover was interpreted from aerial photographs and digitized. Incremental banding is an effective approach for characterizing the composition and pattern of land cover as a function of distance from the stream network. Structural attributes that capture the linear nature of riparian-stream networks, such as the composition, width, longitudinal extent, and connectivity of woody vegetation, were characterized. The methods developed provide a flexible framework for deriving landscape metrics of functionally important structural attributes of riparian-stream networks for exploring relationships at varying spatial scales with indicators of stream ecological condition. JF - Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing AU - Schuft, Michael J AU - Moser, Thomas J AU - Wigington, P J, Jr AU - Stevens, Don L AU - McAllister, Lynne S AU - Chapman, Shannen S AU - Ernst, Ted L Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 1157 EP - 1168 PB - American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, VA VL - 65 IS - 10 SN - 0099-1112, 0099-1112 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - landform description KW - rivers and streams KW - Willamette River basin KW - vegetation KW - Oregon KW - riparian environment KW - geographic information systems KW - aerial photography KW - information systems KW - ecology KW - landscapes KW - fluvial environment KW - land use KW - remote sensing KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Development+of+landscape+metrics+for+characterizing+riparian-stream+networks&rft.au=Schuft%2C+Michael+J%3BMoser%2C+Thomas+J%3BWigington%2C+P+J%2C+Jr%3BStevens%2C+Don+L%3BMcAllister%2C+Lynne+S%3BChapman%2C+Shannen+S%3BErnst%2C+Ted+L&rft.aulast=Schuft&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=00991112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - CODEN - PGMEA9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerial photography; ecology; fluvial environment; geographic information systems; hydrology; information systems; land use; landform description; landscapes; Oregon; remote sensing; riparian environment; rivers and streams; United States; vegetation; Willamette River basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ambient monitoring network; 25 years of ground water quality in the State of Ohio AN - 51967084; 2003-050719 JF - Midwest Ground Water Conference AU - Slattery, Michael AU - Slattery, Linda AU - Musser, Kathy AU - Kenah, Chris AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 55 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 44 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - water management KW - water resources KW - geochemistry KW - environmental analysis KW - Ohio KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51967084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Midwest+Ground+Water+Conference&rft.atitle=The+ambient+monitoring+network%3B+25+years+of+ground+water+quality+in+the+State+of+Ohio&rft.au=Slattery%2C+Michael%3BSlattery%2C+Linda%3BMusser%2C+Kathy%3BKenah%2C+Chris%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Slattery&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Midwest+Ground+Water+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 44th annual Midwest ground water conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03005 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; environmental analysis; geochemistry; ground water; monitoring; Ohio; United States; water management; water quality; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mobilization of PAHs and PCBs from in-place contaminated marine sediments during simulated resuspension events AN - 50075619; 2010-020812 JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science AU - Latimer, J S AU - Davis, W R AU - Keith, D J Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - October 1999 SP - 577 EP - 595 PB - Elsevier, London VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0272-7714, 0272-7714 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Black River Harbor KW - Providence River KW - Narragansett Bay KW - Rhode Island KW - Bridgeport Connecticut KW - PCBs KW - Rocky Point KW - bedding KW - marine sediments KW - Washington County Rhode Island KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - southern Connecticut KW - organic carbon KW - sedimentary structures KW - pollutants KW - suspension KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - Connecticut KW - Fairfield County Connecticut KW - planar bedding structures KW - organic compounds KW - south-central Rhode Island KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - mobilization KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50075619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+and+risk%3A+An+overview&rft.au=Zenick%2C+H%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Zenick&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02727714 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; bedding; Black River Harbor; Bridgeport Connecticut; carbon; chlorinated hydrocarbons; Connecticut; Fairfield County Connecticut; halogenated hydrocarbons; hydrocarbons; marine sediments; mobilization; Narragansett Bay; organic carbon; organic compounds; PCBs; planar bedding structures; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Providence River; Rhode Island; Rocky Point; sedimentary structures; sediments; solutes; south-central Rhode Island; southern Connecticut; suspension; United States; Washington County Rhode Island DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1999.0516 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking environmental agents and autoimmune disease: an agenda for future research. AN - 21251109; 11702211 AB - Autoimmune diseases are influenced by multiple factors including genetics, age, gender, reproductive status, hormones, and potential environmental contaminants. A workshop, "Linking Environmental Agents and Autoimmune Diseases," was convened at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 1-3 September 1998, to review current knowledge about links between environmental exposures and autoimmune disease, to identify and prioritize research needs, and to develop an integrated, multidisciplinary research agenda. Participants spent the last half-day of the workshop in small group discussions for the purpose of developing consensus on research needs. Research needs identified were a) develop research tools needed to explore links between environmental agents and autoimmune disease; b) establish a disease registry or surveillance system; c) develop and validate strategies for screening chemicals for the potential to induce or exacerbate autoimmune disease; d) develop an emergency response strategy to gain information from accidental exposures; and e) conduct hypothesis-driven research in occupationally exposed groups and/or in experimental animals. There was consensus that meetings like this workshop and projects that facilitate interactions between specialties should be encouraged. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to address this problem. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Selgrade, M K AU - Cooper, G S AU - Germolec, D R AU - Heindel, J J AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 811 EP - 813 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 107 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Age KW - Conferences KW - Autoimmune diseases KW - autoimmune diseases KW - Environmental health KW - Hormones KW - Reproductive status KW - Genetics KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Reviews KW - Gender KW - Parks KW - Contaminants KW - Occupational exposure KW - F 06930:Autoimmunity KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Linking+environmental+agents+and+autoimmune+disease%3A+an+agenda+for+future+research.&rft.au=Selgrade%2C+M+K%3BCooper%2C+G+S%3BGermolec%2C+D+R%3BHeindel%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Selgrade&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reproductive status; Age; Conferences; Reviews; Autoimmune diseases; Parks; Contaminants; Hormones; Chemicals; Genetics; Emergency preparedness; Gender; autoimmune diseases; Environmental health; Occupational exposure; USA, North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of New Ozone Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water AN - 17583147; 4639325 AB - Using a combination of spectral identification techniques - gas chromatography coupled with low- and high-resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry (GC/El-MS), low- and high-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/Cl-MS), and infrared spectroscopy (GC/IR) - we identified many drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed by ozone and combinations of ozone with chlorine and chloramine. Many of these DBPs have not been previously reported. In addition to conventional XAD resin extraction, both pentafluorobenzyl-hydroxylamine (PFBHA) and methylation derivatizations were used to aid in identifying some of the more polar DBPs. Many of the byproducts identified were not present in spectral library databases. The vast majority of the ozone DBPs identified contained oxygen in their structures, with no halogenated DBPs observed except when chlorine or chloramine was applied as a secondary disinfectant. In comparing byproducts formed by secondary treatment of chlorine or chloramine, chloramine appeared to form the same types of halogenated DBPs as chlorine, but they were generally fewer in number and lower in concentration. Most of the halogenated DBPs that were formed by ozone-chlorine and ozone-chloramine treatments were also observed in samples treated with chlorine or chloramine only. A few DBPs, however, were formed at higher levels in the ozone-chlorine and ozone-chloramine samples, indicating that the combination of ozone and chlorine or chloramine is important in their formation. These DBPs included dichloroacetaldehyde and 1,1-dichloropropanone. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Richardson, S D AU - Thruston, AD JR AU - Caughran, T V AU - Chen, PH AU - Collette, T W AU - Floyd, T L AU - Schenck, K M AU - Lykins, BW JR AU - Sun, G-R AU - Majetich, G AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA 30605, USA, richardson.susan@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 01 SP - 3368 EP - 3377 VL - 33 IS - 19 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - 1,1-Dichloropropanone KW - chloramine KW - chloramines KW - dichloroacetaldehyde KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Disinfection KW - Byproducts KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Chlorine KW - Gas Chromatography KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Drinking Water KW - Water treatment KW - Gas chromatography KW - Water Treatment KW - Ozone KW - Ozonation KW - Drinking water KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17583147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+New+Ozone+Disinfection+Byproducts+in+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Richardson%2C+S+D%3BThruston%2C+AD+JR%3BCaughran%2C+T+V%3BChen%2C+PH%3BCollette%2C+T+W%3BFloyd%2C+T+L%3BSchenck%2C+K+M%3BLykins%2C+BW+JR%3BSun%2C+G-R%3BMajetich%2C+G&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=3368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes981218c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drinking Water; Ozonation; Disinfection; Gas Chromatography; Water Treatment; Byproducts; Chlorine; Drinking water; Ozone; Mass spectrometry; Water treatment; Gas chromatography; Mass spectroscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es981218c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Six-Year Trend (1990-1995) of Wet Mercury Deposition in the Upper Midwest, U.S.A. AN - 17583114; 4639318 AB - Total wet mercury deposition was monitored weekly at six Upper Midwest, U.S.A. sites for a period of six years, 1990-1995, to assess temporal and spatial patterns and contributions to surface waters. Annual wet mercury deposition averaged 7.4 mu g Hg/m super(2) times yr and showed significant variations between sites and increased trends averaging 0.60 mu g Hg/m super(2) times yr [8%/yr] over the period (p < 0.0001). Warm (rain) season wet mercury deposition was found to average 77% of total annual wet deposition. Warm (rain) and cold (snow) season trends showed increases of 0.31 [5.5%/yr] and 0.29 mu g Hg/m super(2) times yr [17%/yr], respectively (p < 0.01). Average annual precipitation depth showed a nonsignificant increase of 0.25 cm/yr [0.4%/yr] for the period. Differences in precipitation depth, mercury concentrations, and wet mercury deposition among sites were noted. Methylmercury wet deposition, measured in 36 weekly samples, averaged about 0.18 ng/L [1.5% of total mercury] in rain and strongly correlated with total mercury, major ions, and precipitation depth. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Glass, GE AU - Sorensen, JA AD - National Health and Environmental Effects, Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA, gglass@d.umn.edu Y1 - 1999/10/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 01 SP - 3303 EP - 3312 VL - 33 IS - 19 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA, Midwest KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Historical account KW - Methylmercury KW - Methyl mercury KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Pollution detection KW - Snow KW - Mercury KW - Wet deposition KW - Rain KW - Air-water exchanges KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17583114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Six-Year+Trend+%281990-1995%29+of+Wet+Mercury+Deposition+in+the+Upper+Midwest%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Glass%2C+GE%3BSorensen%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=3303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9806736 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Pollution monitoring; Methyl mercury; Pollution detection; Air-water exchanges; Methylmercury; Historical account; Snow; Mercury; Rain; Wet deposition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9806736 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation and Toxicology: Integrating the Disciplines AN - 17581953; 4634404 AB - Global warming, ultraviolet radiation, and acid rain are large-scale environmental problems that concern conservation biologists. They are caused, to varying degrees, by human-generated pollution and consequently are also a concern of environmental toxicologists. These problems seem to be the major areas of overlap between conservation biologists and environmental toxicologists, overlap that is probably the result of two factors. First, there is a general tendency for scientists to specialize and fail to take advantage of the ideas and information in other fields. Second, environmental toxicology and conservation biology focus on different levels of biological organization. We believe that it is time for conservation biologists and environmental toxicologists to become more aware of their shared goals. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Hansen, L J AU - Johnson, M L AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, One Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, hansen.lara@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1225 EP - 1227 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Acid rain KW - Climatic changes KW - U.V. radiation KW - Global warming KW - Conservation KW - Toxicology KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Conservation+and+Toxicology%3A+Integrating+the+Disciplines&rft.au=Hansen%2C+L+J%3BJohnson%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conservation; Toxicology; Climatic changes; U.V. radiation; Acid rain; Global warming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of New Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts Formed in the Presence of Bromide AN - 17581677; 4639326 AB - Using a combination of mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy, disinfection byproducts were identified in ozonated drinking water containing elevated bromide levels and in ozonated water treated with secondary chlorine or chloramine. Only one brominated byproduct-dibromoacetonitrile-was found in the water treated with only ozone. This compound was found only in one of the three treatment rounds and was also present in the untreated, raw water but at levels 20 times lower than in the ozonated water. Many more byproducts were identified when secondary chlorine or chloramine was applied after ozonation. A number of these byproducts have not been reported previously. When comparing low- bromide water to water with elevated bromide, a tremendous shift in speciation was observed for samples treated with secondary chlorine or chloramine. Without high bromide levels, chlorinated species dominate (e.g., chloroform, trichloroacetaldehyde, tetrachloropropanone, dichloroacetonitrile, trichloronitromethane); with elevated bromide levels (1 mg/L), these shift to brominated species (e.g., bromoform, tribromoacetaldehyde, tetrabromopropanone, dibromoacetonitrile, tribromonitromethane). An entire family of bromo- and mixed chlorobromopropanones was identified that was not present in library databases and has not been reported previously. They were observed mainly in the ozone-chloramine samples but were also present in ozone-chlorine-treated water. These brominated byproducts were also observed in water treated with only chloramine or chlorine. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Richardson, S D AU - Thruston, AD JR AU - Caughran, T V AU - Chen, PH AU - Collette, T W AU - Floyd, T L AU - Schenck, K M AU - Lykins, BW Jr AU - Sun, G-R AU - Majetich, G AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA 30605, USA, richardson.susan@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Oct 01 SP - 3378 EP - 3383 VL - 33 IS - 19 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - bromide KW - bromides KW - bromine KW - chloramine KW - dibromoacetonitrile KW - infrared spectroscopy KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Disinfection KW - Byproducts KW - Chlorides KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Chlorine KW - Spectroscopy KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Drinking Water KW - Water treatment KW - Bromides KW - Water Treatment KW - Ozone KW - Raw Water KW - Drinking water KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+New+Drinking+Water+Disinfection+Byproducts+Formed+in+the+Presence+of+Bromide&rft.au=Richardson%2C+S+D%3BThruston%2C+AD+JR%3BCaughran%2C+T+V%3BChen%2C+PH%3BCollette%2C+T+W%3BFloyd%2C+T+L%3BSchenck%2C+K+M%3BLykins%2C+BW+Jr%3BSun%2C+G-R%3BMajetich%2C+G&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=3378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9900297 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorides; Disinfection; Drinking Water; Ozone; Chlorine; Byproducts; Bromides; Water Treatment; Raw Water; Drinking water; Mass spectrometry; Spectroscopy; Water treatment; Mass spectroscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9900297 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlated factors in amphibian decline: Exotic species and habitat change in western Washington AN - 17492064; 4686056 AB - Amphibian declines may frequently be associated with multiple, correlated factors. In western North America, exotic species and hydrological changes are often correlated and are considered 2 of the greatest threats to freshwater systems. Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) introductions are frequently cited as a threat to lentic-breeding anurans native to western North America and are a suspected factor in the decline of red-legged frogs (Rana aurora) in California. Introduced fish and habitat change are cited less frequently but are equally viable hypotheses. I examined the relation among introduced species, habitat, and the distribution and abundance of red-legged frogs in western Washington. Red-legged frog occurrence in the Puget Lowlands was more closely associated with habitat structure and the presence of exotic fish than with the presence of bull-frogs. The spread of exotics is correlated with a shift toward greater permanence in wetland habitats regionally. Conservation of more ephemeral wetland habitats may have direct benefits for some native amphibians and may also reduce the threat of exotic fish and bullfrogs, both of which were associated with permanent wetlands. Research and conservation efforts for lowland anurans in the West should emphasize the complexities of multiple contributing factors to amphibian losses. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Adams, MJ AD - U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, mjadams@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1162 EP - 1171 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Bullfrog KW - Red-legged frog KW - Amphibians KW - USA, Washington KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Amphibia KW - Vegetation changes KW - Rana catesbeiana KW - Conservation KW - Wetlands KW - Introduced species KW - Population decline KW - Rana aurora KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17492064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Correlated+factors+in+amphibian+decline%3A+Exotic+species+and+habitat+change+in+western+Washington&rft.au=Adams%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rana catesbeiana; Rana aurora; Amphibia; Population decline; Introduced species; Vegetation changes; Wetlands; Conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benefits from managing farm produced nutrients AN - 17469315; 4660000 AB - Manures and fertilizers are applied to agricultural lands in excess of recommended amounts, resulting in widespread pollution of surface and ground water and contributing a substantial source of greenhouse gases associated with global warming. By developing policies that exploit the value of farm produced nutrients, input costs can be minimized. Better accounting for or crediting of farm produced nutrients is leading to economically beneficial conservation of fertilizer. In addition, hog producers who own enough land may benefit from properly managing manure nutrients. Poultry litter is valuable as fertilizer and can be marketed by independent dealers to farmers in nutrient deficit areas, with very modest assistance from the government. Dairy producers may modify their past income support programs to finance central compost facilities. Although nutrient problems were neglected in the past, recent Federal initiatives and joint initiatives with states exploit many of these and other opportunities to avoid excessive application of nutrients to the land. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Ogg, C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., PM 2121, Washington, D.C. 20460, ogg.clay@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1015 EP - 1021 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Manure KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Land Disposal KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Nutrients KW - Water quality control KW - Fertilizers KW - Land disposal KW - Water Quality Control KW - Pollution (Water) KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17469315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Benefits+from+managing+farm+produced+nutrients&rft.au=Ogg%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ogg&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Quality Control; Manure; Fertilizers; Agriculture; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Nutrients; Land Disposal; Water Pollution Sources; Water quality control; Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Land disposal; Pollution (Water) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial variability in mussels used to assess base level nitrogen isotope ratio in freshwater ecosystems AN - 17464286; 4668121 AB - Freshwater mussels have been used to establish base level nitrogen isotope ratio values ( super(15)N) used in trophic position and food web studies in freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we assess the variability introduced when using unionid mussels in this manner by investigating the spatial variation in super(15)N values in mussels from different locations in shallow freshwater ponds, and also differences in super(15)N in different tissue types in the mussels. Results from the analysis of adductor, foot and a section of the mantle tissues from mussels across all ponds showed that adductor tissue was consistently enriched by about 1ppt versus the mantle and foot. The foot showed the least variability which, coupled with ease in obtaining consistent samples, led us to select this tissue type for subsequent analysis. The six ponds included in the study had average mussel super(15)N values ranging from 4.9ppt to 11.9ppt. Four of the six ponds showed no significant within pond differences between super(15)N values from mussels collected at different sampling sites. The range of mussel super(15)N values obtained from within ponds showed that using data from a single mussel to assess baseline super(15)N values would result in the introduction of a maximum error of 0.56 of a trophic level to subsequent trophic position calculations. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - McKinney, R A AU - Lake, J L AU - Allen, M AU - Ryba, S AD - US EPA Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, U.S.A. Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 17 EP - 24 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 412 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Bivalves KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Tissues KW - Isotopes KW - Freshwater environments KW - Unionidae KW - Freshwater KW - Trophic relationships KW - Ponds KW - Methodology KW - Bivalvia KW - Spatial variations KW - Freshwater molluscs KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Spatial heterogeneity KW - Nitrogen isotopes KW - Food webs KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits KW - Q1 08261:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17464286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Spatial+variability+in+mussels+used+to+assess+base+level+nitrogen+isotope+ratio+in+freshwater+ecosystems&rft.au=McKinney%2C+R+A%3BLake%2C+J+L%3BAllen%2C+M%3BRyba%2C+S&rft.aulast=McKinney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spatial variations; Tissues; Freshwater molluscs; Feeding behaviour; Nitrogen isotopes; Trophic relationships; Food webs; Ponds; Isotopes; Freshwater environments; Spatial heterogeneity; Methodology; Bivalvia; Unionidae; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stabilization of Heavy Metal Containing Hazardous Wastes with Byproducts from Advanced Clean Coal Technology Systems AN - 17445995; 4660091 AB - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the success of residues from advanced Clean Coal Technology (CCT) systems as stabilization agents for heavy metal containing hazardous wastes. In the context examined here, stabilization refers to techniques that reduce the toxicity of a waste by converting the hazardous constituents to a less soluble, mobile, or toxic form. Three advanced CCT byproducts were used: coal waste-fired circulating fluidized bed combustor residue, pressurized fluidized bed combustor residue, and spray drier residue. Seven metal-laden hazardous wastes were treated: three contaminated soils, two air pollution control dusts, wastewater treatment plant sludge, and sandblast waste. Each of the seven hazardous wastes was treated with each of the three CCT byproducts at dosages of 10, 30, and 50% by weight (byproduct:waste). The treatment effectiveness of each mixture was evaluated by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. Of the 63 mixtures evaluated, 21 produced non-hazardous residues. Treatment effectiveness can likely be attributed to mechanisms such as precipitation and encapsulation due to the formation of hydrated calcium silicates and calcium sulfo-aluminates. Results indicate that these residues have potential beneficial uses to the hazardous waste treatment community, possibly substituting for costly treatment chemicals. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Pritts, J W AU - Neufeld, R D AU - Cobb, J T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1190 EP - 1200 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Economics KW - Leaching KW - Waste treatment KW - Precipitation KW - Toxicity KW - Hazardous wastes KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17445995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Stabilization+of+Heavy+Metal+Containing+Hazardous+Wastes+with+Byproducts+from+Advanced+Clean+Coal+Technology+Systems&rft.au=Pritts%2C+J+W%3BNeufeld%2C+R+D%3BCobb%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Pritts&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazardous wastes; Heavy metals; Economics; Waste treatment; Toxicity; Leaching; Precipitation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Empirical Model to Predict Styrene Emissions from Fiber-Reinforced Plastics Fabrication Processes AN - 17444741; 4660089 AB - Styrene is a designated hazardous air pollutant, per the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. It is also a tropospheric ozone precursor. Fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) fabrication is the primary source of anthropogenic styrene emissions in the United States. This paper describes an empirical model designed to predict styrene emission factors for selected FRP fabrication processes. The model highlights 10 relevant parameters impacting styrene emission factors for FRP processes, and helps identify future areas of FRP pollution prevention (P2) research. In most cases, the number of these parameters with greatest impact on styrene emission factors can be limited to four or five. Seven different emission studies were evaluated and used as model inputs. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Nunez, C M AU - Ramsey, G H AU - Bahner, MA AU - Clayton, CA AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1168 EP - 1178 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Styrene KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Pollution prevention KW - Hazardous materials KW - Industrial emissions KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17444741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=An+Empirical+Model+to+Predict+Styrene+Emissions+from+Fiber-Reinforced+Plastics+Fabrication+Processes&rft.au=Nunez%2C+C+M%3BRamsey%2C+G+H%3BBahner%2C+MA%3BClayton%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Nunez&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manufacturing industry; Pollution prevention; Styrene; Industrial emissions; Hazardous materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methylmercury: A new look at the risks AN - 17433643; 4652041 AB - In the US, exposure to methylmercury, a neurotoxin, occurs primarily through consumption of fish. Data from recent studies assessing the health impact of methylmercury exposure due to consumption of fish and other sources in the aquatic food web (shellfish, crustacea, and marine mammals) suggest adverse effects at levels previously considered safe. There is substantial variation in human methylmercury exposure based on differences in the frequency and amount of fish consumed and in the fish's mercury concentration. Although virtually all fish and other seafood contain at least trace amounts of methylmercury, large predatory fish species have the highest concentrations. Concerns have been expressed about mercury exposure levels in the US, particularly among sensitive populations, and discussions are underway about the standards used by various federal agencies to protect the public. In the 1997 Mercury Study Report to Congress, the US Environmental Protection Agency summarized the current state of knowledge on methylmercury's effects on the health of humans and wildlife; sources of mercury; and how mercury is distributed in the environment. This article summarizes some of the major findings in the Report to Congress and identifies issues of concern to the public health community. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Mahaffey, K R AD - EPA, National Ctr. for Environmental Assessment, 808 17th St. NW, Rm. 500H, Washington DC 20074, mahaffey.kate@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 397 EP - 415 VL - 114 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - USA KW - food webs KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Methylmercury KW - Methyl mercury KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Body burden KW - Safety KW - Environmental Protection KW - Food contamination KW - Public health KW - Risk KW - Food Chains KW - Public Health KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Fish KW - Standards KW - Seafood KW - Population Exposure KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Methylmercury%3A+A+new+look+at+the+risks&rft.au=Mahaffey%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Mahaffey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Methyl mercury; Body burden; Bioaccumulation; Public health; Methylmercury; Neurotoxicity; Seafood; Food contamination; Risk; Food Chains; Public Health; Safety; Environmental Protection; Standards; Fish; Population Exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Visual Function at Adulthood and During Aging in Monkeys Exposed to Lead or Methylmercury AN - 17432667; 4650495 AB - Of critical importance is the issue of whether exposure to a neurotoxic agent early in life or over a major portion of the lifespan can result in an age-related accelerated decline in neurological function. There is evidence in humans and animals that exposure to methylmercury may produce delayed neurotoxicity associated with aging. While lead is a ubiquitous pollutant, the potential of long-term lead exposure to accelerate age-related functional decline in nervous system function has apparently not been explored. In the current study, visual function assessed during adulthood was compared to results during aging in monkeys exposed to 500 or 2000 mu g/kg/day of lead from birth onward, 50 mu g/kg/day of methylmercury from birth to seven years, or 10, 25, or 50 mu g/kg/day of methylmercury throughout gestation to four years of age. Spatial contrast sensitivity functions and visual fields were assessed in methylmercury-exposed monkeys, and spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity functions were assessed in monkeys exposed to lead. The frequency and amplitude at peak sensitivity and the high-frequency cut-off were compared at the two assessment periods for the contrast sensitivity functions. Age-related decrements were observed on both spatial and temporal visual function for all parameters. Treatment-related effects were observed in the monkeys exposed to methylmercury in utero and postnatally during the first assessment period but not during aging, whereas lead-exposed monkeys exhibited differences in temporal visual function at the first assessment but not the second. There was no evidence for accelerated decline in contrast sensitivity as a result of exposure to either toxicant. However, four of 10 methylmercury-treated monkeys exhibited slight constriction of visual fields at the second assessment that had not been present earlier. These results extend previous findings of evidence for delayed neurotoxicity in the somatosensory and auditory systems of these methylmercury-exposed groups. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Rice, D C AU - Hayward, S AD - NCEA/ORD/U.S. EPA, 401 M. Street S.W.-MC-8623D, Washington, D.C., USA 20460, rice.deborah@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 767 EP - 784 VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - monkeys KW - visual function KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Age KW - Eye KW - Visual system KW - Intrauterine exposure KW - Lead KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Dimethylmercury KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - N3 11105:Primates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17432667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Visual+Function+at+Adulthood+and+During+Aging+in+Monkeys+Exposed+to+Lead+or+Methylmercury&rft.au=Rice%2C+D+C%3BHayward%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Visual system; Lead; Dimethylmercury; Eye; Age; Neurotoxicity; Intrauterine exposure ER - TY - CONF T1 - Overview of endocrine disruptor research activity in the United States AN - 17432386; 4649002 AB - The issue of whether environmental contaminants are inducing adverse health effects in humans and wildlife via interaction with endocrine systems has gained increasing interest during the 1990s. Endocrine disruption is one of the highest priority research topics for the US EPA, and a detailed research strategy has been developed to guide the placement of resources over the next several years. To address the deficiency of testing guidelines in detecting and characterizing damage mediated by interaction with the endocrine system, EPA has issued new multi-generation testing guidelines. The new endpoints for monitoring pubertal development, semen quality, and estrous cyclicity will better enable determination of the affected sex, target organ, and life stage following exposure throughout the life cycle. Another major area of effort within EPA is the development of an endocrine disruptor screening program in response to passage of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. The current status of these efforts is described. On the federal level, endocrine disruption is one of the five priority research areas for the Committee on the Environment and Natural Resources (CENR) within the Executive Office of President. The CENR has developed a framework to assess research needs for endocrine disruptors, inventoried existing efforts of the federal government (nearly 400 projects were identified as active in FY96), and prioritized additional research needs based upon the needs and gaps in current efforts. It is clear that a great deal of research is underway to clarify the validity of the endocrine disruptor hypothesis and to determine the breadth of chemicals that pose a risk to the endocrine system. The degree of forward research planning and coordination across many organizations should ensure that sufficient data will be available within the next few years to allow a rigorous weight of evidence evaluation that is needed to bring together diverse types of information to make informed decisions regarding risks to humans and wildlife. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kavlock, R J Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1227 EP - 1236 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 39 IS - 8 KW - endocrine disruptors KW - USA KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Government policies KW - Government policy KW - Environmental health KW - Public health KW - Reviews KW - Endocrine system KW - Research programs KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17432386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Overview+of+endocrine+disruptor+research+activity+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Kavlock%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Kavlock&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ascorbic acid treatment to reduce residual halogen-based oxidants prior to the determination of halogenated disinfection byproducts in potable water AN - 17432135; 4652005 AB - Treatment of potable water samples with ascorbic acid has been investigated as a means for reducing residual halogen-based oxidants (disinfectants), i.e. HOCl, Cl sub(2), Br sub(2) and BrCl, prior to determination of EPA Method 551.1A and 551.1B analytes. These disinfection byproducts include certain haloalkanes, haloalkenes, haloethanenitriles, haloaldehydes, haloketones and trichloronitromethane. When used as a dehalogenating agent immediately before analysis, only one analyte, 2,2,2-trichloroethanediol (chloral hydrate), is significantly decomposed. Ascorbic acid is superior to thiosulfate and sulfite as it does not destroy trichloroethanenitrile (trichloroacetonitrile), trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) or dibromoethanenitrile (dibromoacetonitrile). Unlike ammonia or amines, it is not nucleophilic and cannot form hemiaminals (carbinolamines) with carboxaldehydes and ketones. Ascorbic acid treatment can rapidly consume (reduce) large amounts of active (oxidizing) halogen compounds, producing only inorganic halides and dehydroascorbic acid and not additional halogenated organic molecules. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Urbansky, E T AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Water Supply and Water Resources Division, Treatment Technology Evaluation Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, Urbansky.Edward@EPAmail.EPA.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 471 EP - 476 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - ascorbic acid KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Disinfection KW - Organic Acids KW - Halogens KW - Potable Water KW - Byproducts KW - Water treatment KW - Analytical Methods KW - Water Treatment KW - Halogenated compounds KW - Organic Compounds KW - Drinking water KW - Oxidants KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17432135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Ascorbic+acid+treatment+to+reduce+residual+halogen-based+oxidants+prior+to+the+determination+of+halogenated+disinfection+byproducts+in+potable+water&rft.au=Urbansky%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Urbansky&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Organic Acids; Disinfection; Byproducts; Water Treatment; Organic Compounds; Analytical Methods; Potable Water; Halogens; Water treatment; Drinking water; Oxidants; Halogenated compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Quantitative Comparison of Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-DNA Adduct Formation by Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 Microsomes AN - 17397904; 4622338 AB - Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), an extremely potent environmental carcinogen, is metabolically activated in mammalian cells and microsomes through the fjord-region dihydrodiol, trans-DB[a,l]P-11, 12-diol, to syn- and anti-DB[a,l]P-11, 12-diol-13, 14-epoxides (syn- and anti-DB[a,l]PDEs). The role of seven individual recombinant human cytochrome P450s (1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2B6, 2C9, 2E1, and 3A4) in the metabolic activation of DB[a,l]P and formation of DNA adducts was examined by using super(32)P postlabeling, thin-layer chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography. We found that, in the presence of epoxide hydrolase, only P450 1A1 and P450 1B1 catalyzed the formation of DB[a,l]PDE-DNA adducts and several unidentified polar adducts. Human P450 1A1 catalyzed the formation of DB[a,l]PDE-DNA adducts and unidentified polar adducts at rates threefold and 17-fold greater than did human P450 1B1 (256 fmol/h/nmol P450 versus 90 fmol/h/nmol P450 and 132 fmol/h/nmol P450 versus 8 fmol/h/nmol P450, respectively). P450 1A1 DNA adducts were derived from both anti- and syn-DB[a,l]PDE at rates of 73 fmol/h/nmol P450 and 51 fmol/h/nmol P450, respectively. P450 1B1 produced adducts derived from anti-DB[a,l]PDE at a rate of 82 fmol/h/nmol, whereas only a small number of adducts were derived from syn-DB[a,l]PDE (0.4 fmol/h/nmol). These results demonstrated the potential of human P450 1A1 and P450 1B1 to contribute to the metabolic activation and carcinogenicity of DB[a,l]P and provided additional evidence that human P450 1A1 and 1B1 differ in their stereospecific activation of DB[a,l]P. JF - Molecular Carcinogenesis AU - King, L C AU - Adams, L AU - Allison, J AU - Kohan, MJ AU - Nelson, G AU - Desai, D AU - Amin, S AU - Ross, JA AD - Biochemistry and Pathobiology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-68, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 74 EP - 82 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - man KW - cytochrome P450 KW - dibenzo(a,1)pyrene KW - dibenzo(a,l)pyrene KW - epoxide hydrolase KW - microsomes KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - DNA adducts KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17397904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=A+Quantitative+Comparison+of+Dibenzo%5Ba%2Cl%5Dpyrene-DNA+Adduct+Formation+by+Recombinant+Human+Cytochrome+P450+Microsomes&rft.au=King%2C+L+C%3BAdams%2C+L%3BAllison%2C+J%3BKohan%2C+MJ%3BNelson%2C+G%3BDesai%2C+D%3BAmin%2C+S%3BRoss%2C+JA&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291098-2744%28199910%2926%3A23.3.CO%3B2-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA adducts DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2744(199910)26:2<74::AID-MC2>3.3.CO;2-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban Stormwater Tracing with the Naturally Occurring Deuterium Isotope AN - 17396061; 4630746 AB - Measurements of naturally occurring deuterium isotope ( delta D) assist in tracing water components during wet weather flows in an urban watershed. A transect of installations in the vadose and saturated zones was completed in the vicinity of a small stream and storm sewer. High-resolution deuterium mass spectrometry discriminated between storm sewer leaks and other water sources such as direct runoff, bank seepage, and groundwater flow to a stream channel. Isotope hydrograph separation indicates that groundwater or vadose water predominantly contributed to the volume of stream water compared to direct surface runoff during a storm event. Significant differences in delta D in the subsurface suggest that multiple flow components exist beyond the time period of a storm event. Deuterium measurements are helpful for modeling leaks and seepage and refining mass balances of flows in urban watersheds. JF - Water Environment Research AU - Sidle, W C AU - Lee, P Y AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 5995 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati OH 45224, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1251 EP - 1256 VL - 71 IS - 6 SN - 1061-4303, 1061-4303 KW - deuterium KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Urban Watersheds KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Isotopes KW - Deuterium KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Seepage KW - Watersheds KW - Water analysis KW - Storms KW - Hydrogen isotopes KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Urban runoff KW - Storm Water KW - Tracers KW - Storm Sewers KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Tracer techniques KW - Seepages KW - Urban areas KW - Rivers KW - Leakage KW - Hydrograph Analysis KW - Isotope Studies KW - Hydrologic cycle KW - Installation KW - Groundwater KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17396061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+Research&rft.atitle=Urban+Stormwater+Tracing+with+the+Naturally+Occurring+Deuterium+Isotope&rft.au=Sidle%2C+W+C%3BLee%2C+P+Y&rft.aulast=Sidle&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+Research&rft.issn=10614303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Urban runoff; Stormwater runoff; Deuterium; Tracer techniques; Seepages; Storms; Hydrologic cycle; Hydrogen isotopes; Fluid mechanics; Tracers; Isotopes; Leakage; Mass spectrometry; Watersheds; Water analysis; Urban areas; Storm Water; Mass Spectrometry; Urban Watersheds; Storm Sewers; Hydrograph Analysis; Isotope Studies; Groundwater; Seepage; Installation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative toxicity of ammonium and nitrate compounds to Pacific treefrog and African clawed frog tadpoles AN - 17030219; 4630114 AB - The effects of ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and sodium nitrate on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla [Baird and Girard]) and African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis [Daudin]) tadpoles were determined in static-renewal tests. The 10-d ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate LC50s for P. regilla were 55.2 and 89.7 mg/L NH sub(4)-N, respectively. The 10-d LC50s for X. laevis for the three ammonium compounds ranged from 45 to 64 mg/L NH sub(4)-N. The 10-d sodium nitrate LC50s were 266.2 mg/L NO sub(3)-N for P. regilla and 1,236.2 mg/L NO sub(3)-N for X. laevis. The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of ammonium compound based on reduced length or weight was 24.6 mg/L NH sub(4)-N for P. regilla and 99.5 mg/L NH sub(4)-N for X. laevis. The lowest sodium nitrate LOAELs based on reduced length or weight were <30.1 mg/L NO sub(3)-N for P. regilla and 126.3 mg/L NO sub(3)-N for X. laevis. Calculated un-ionized NH sub(3) comprised 0.3 to 1.0% of measured NH sub(4)-N concentrations. Potential harm to amphibians could occur if sensitive life stages were impacted by NH sub(4)-N and NO sub(3)-N in agricultural runoff or drainage for a sufficiently long period. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Nebeker, A V AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 S.W. 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, gerald@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 2251 EP - 2257 VL - 18 IS - 10 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - African clawed frog KW - Amphibians KW - Pacific treefrog KW - Pseudacris regilla KW - Xenopus laevis KW - ammonium KW - nitrate KW - tadpoles KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Water Pollution KW - Ammonium KW - Mortality KW - Nitrates KW - Larvae KW - Life cycle KW - Survival KW - Pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Toxicity tolerance KW - Water pollution KW - Amphibia KW - Growth KW - Frogs KW - Toxicity testing KW - Ammonium compounds KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17030219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Comparative+toxicity+of+ammonium+and+nitrate+compounds+to+Pacific+treefrog+and+African+clawed+frog+tadpoles&rft.au=Schuytema%2C+G+S%3BNebeker%2C+A+V&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth; Nitrates; Larvae; Pollution effects; Survival; Toxicity tolerance; Ammonium compounds; Life cycle; Toxicity testing; Water pollution; Mortality; Amphibia; Ammonium; Testing Procedures; Water Pollution; Frogs; Amphibians; Toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strain-dependent disposition of inorganic arsenic in the mouse. AN - 70804469; 10521146 AB - Recent studies have suggested that polymorphisms in the methylation of inorganic arsenic (iAs) exist in animals and humans. Methylation of iAs is an important step in the elimination of arsenic. The objective of this study was to examine whether there are differences in iAs disposition, and hence methylation, between three strains of mice. Ninety-day-old female mice (strains: C3H/HeNCrlBR, C57BL/6NCrlBR, and B6C3F1/CrlBR) were administered [73As]arsenate or [73As]arsenite orally at dose levels of 0.5 or 5.0 mg As/kg. Another group of mice were administered [73As]arsenate (5.0 mg As/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.). Disposition of [73As] was assessed by whole-body counting, and analysis of urine, feces and tissues for radioactivity. Urine was analyzed by chromatography for arsenic metabolites. Several strain- and dose-related effects in the disposition of [73As] were observed with both arsenicals. After oral administration, the clearance of [73As]arsenate, measured by whole-body counting, was dependent on the strain. However, because there was no strain dependence on clearance of [73As]arsenate administered i.p., the effect after oral administration may be due to a difference in absorption of arsenate between the strains. With increased oral dose of arsenate and arsenite, the clearance of [73As] was slower and there was higher tissue retention of [73As]. The percentage of metabolites excreted in urine also was affected by the administered dose. With increased dose, the percentage of arsenite and monomethylarsonic acid were significantly increased, and dimethylarsinic acid decreased. However, our results suggest there is no overall difference between these strains of mice with respect to disposition of iAs. A better understanding of the role of phenotype in the disposition and toxicity of iAs would reduce the uncertainty in arsenic risk assessment. JF - Toxicology AU - Hughes, M F AU - Kenyon, E M AU - Edwards, B C AU - Mitchell, C T AU - Thomas, D J AD - Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. hughes.michaelf@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09/20/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 20 SP - 95 EP - 108 VL - 137 IS - 2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Arsenates KW - 0 KW - Arsenites KW - Poisons KW - arsenite KW - N5509X556J KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - arsenic acid KW - N7CIZ75ZPN KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Arsenates -- pharmacokinetics KW - Biotransformation KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Species Specificity KW - Methylation KW - Arsenites -- pharmacokinetics KW - Female KW - Arsenic -- pharmacokinetics KW - Poisons -- pharmacokinetics KW - Arsenic -- urine KW - Poisons -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70804469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Strain-dependent+disposition+of+inorganic+arsenic+in+the+mouse.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+M+F%3BKenyon%2C+E+M%3BEdwards%2C+B+C%3BMitchell%2C+C+T%3BThomas%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-20&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Refinement, validation, and application of a benthic condition index for Northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries AN - 968173972; 16466741 AB - By applying discriminant analysis to benthic macroinvertebrate data, we have developed an indicator of benthic condition for northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries. The data used were collected by the United states Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) in the Louisianian Province from 1991 to 1994. This benthic index represents a linear combination of the following weighted parameters: the proportion of expected species diversity, the mean abundance of tubificid oligochaetes, the percent of total abundance represented by capitellid polychaetes, the percent of total abundance represented by bivalve mollusks, and the percent of total abundance represented by amphipods. We successfully validated and retrospectively applied the benthic index to all of the benthic data collected by EMAP in the Louisianian Province. This benthic index was also calculated for independent data collected from Pensacola Bay, Florida, in order to demonstrate its flexibility and applicability to different estuarine systems within the same biogeographic region. The benthic index is a useful and valid indicator of estuarine condition that is intended to provide environmental managers with a simple tool for assessing the health of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. JF - Estuaries AU - Engle, Virginia D AU - Summers, JKevin AD - Gulf Breeze Project Office, United States Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, 32561-5299, Gulf Breeze, Florida, engle.virginia@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 624 EP - 635 PB - Estuarine Research Federation, 490 Chippingwood Dr. Port Republic MD 20676-2140 United States VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Flexibility KW - Abundance KW - Indicators KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Gulfs KW - Oligochaeta KW - environmental management KW - Assessments KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Mollusks KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Biogeography KW - Amphipods KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay KW - mollusks KW - Environmental protection KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Bivalvia KW - EPA KW - Community composition KW - Species diversity KW - Marine molluscs KW - Monitoring KW - Zoobenthos KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968173972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Refinement%2C+validation%2C+and+application+of+a+benthic+condition+index+for+Northern+Gulf+of+Mexico+estuaries&rft.au=Engle%2C+Virginia+D%3BSummers%2C+JKevin&rft.aulast=Engle&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F1353050 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Community composition; Biogeography; Estuaries; Marine molluscs; Brackishwater environment; Zoobenthos; Environmental protection; environmental management; EPA; Species diversity; Abundance; mollusks; Assessments; Amphipods; Flexibility; Indicators; Macroinvertebrates; Monitoring; Mollusks; Gulfs; Bivalvia; Oligochaeta; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Florida; ASW, USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1353050 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and urea on red-legged frogs, Pacific treefrogs, and African clawed frogs. AN - 70024409; 10475914 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Nebeker, A V AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 357 EP - 364 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Soil KW - sodium nitrate KW - 8M4L3H2ZVZ KW - Urea KW - 8W8T17847W KW - ammonium nitrate KW - T8YA51M7Y6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Ranidae -- physiology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Xenopus laevis -- physiology KW - Larva -- growth & development KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Nitrates -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Anura -- physiology KW - Urea -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70024409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ammonium+nitrate%2C+sodium+nitrate%2C+and+urea+on+red-legged+frogs%2C+Pacific+treefrogs%2C+and+African+clawed+frogs.&rft.au=Schuytema%2C+G+S%3BNebeker%2C+A+V&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of genetic damage in human lymphocytes and mutations in Salmonella by trihalomethanes: role of red blood cells and GSTT1-1 polymorphism. AN - 70012481; 10473651 AB - The brominated trihalomethanes (THMs) are mutagenic and carcinogenic disinfection by-products frequently found in chlorinated drinking water. They can be activated to mutagens by the product of the glutathione S-transferase-Theta (GSTT1++-1) gene in Salmonella RSJ100, which has been transfected with this gene. To evaluate this phenomenon in humans, we have examined the genotoxicity of a brominated THM, bromoform (BF), using the Comet assay in human whole blood cultures exposed in vitro. No differences were found in the comet tail length between cultures from GSTT1-1(+) versus GSTT1-1(-) individuals (1.67 +/- 0.40 and 0.74 +/- 0.54 microm/mM, respectively, P = 0.28). The high variability was due to the relatively weak induction of comets by BF. Combining the data from both genotypic groups, the genotoxic potency of BF was 1.20 +/- 0.34 microm/mM (P = 0.003). GSTT1-1 is expressed in red blood cells but not in the target cells (lymphocytes), and expression within the target cell (as in Salmonella RSJ100) may be necessary for enhanced mutagenesis in GSTT1-1(+) relative to GSTT1-1(-) cultures. To examine this, we exposed Salmonella RSJ100 and a control strain not expressing the gene (TPT100) to the most mutagenic brominated THM detected in Salmonella, dibromochloromethane (DBCM), either in the presence or absence of S9 or red blood cells from GSTT1-1(+) or GSTT1-1(-) individuals. S9 did not activate DBCM in the non-expressing strain TPT100, and it did not affect the ability of the expressing strain RSJ100 to activate DBCM. As with S9, red cells from either genotypic group were unable to activate DBCM in TPT100. However, red cells (whole or lysed) from both genotypic groups completely repressed the ability of the expressing strain RSJ100 to activate DBCM to a mutagen. Such results suggest a model in which exposure to brominated THMs may pose an excess genotoxic risk in GSTT1-1(+) individuals to those organs and tissues that both express this gene and come into direct contact with the brominated THM, such as the colon. In contrast, those organs to which brominated THMs would be transported via the blood might be protected by erythrocytes. Such a proposal is reasonably consistent with the organ specificity of drinking water-associated cancer in humans, which shows slightly elevated risks for cancer of the colon and bladder but not of the liver. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Landi, S AU - Hanley, N M AU - Warren, S H AU - Pegram, R A AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division (MD-68) and Experimental Toxicology Division (MD-74), US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. landistephano@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 479 EP - 482 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated KW - Trihalomethanes KW - chlorodibromomethane KW - 3T4AJR1H24 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - glutathione S-transferase T1 KW - EC 2.5.1.- KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- toxicity KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Erythrocytes -- physiology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Genotype KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Adult KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Mutation KW - Male KW - Female KW - DNA Damage KW - Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70012481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+genetic+damage+in+human+lymphocytes+and+mutations+in+Salmonella+by+trihalomethanes%3A+role+of+red+blood+cells+and+GSTT1-1+polymorphism.&rft.au=Landi%2C+S%3BHanley%2C+N+M%3BWarren%2C+S+H%3BPegram%2C+R+A%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Landi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in house dust as a function of particle size. AN - 69998531; 10464072 AB - House dust is a repository for environmental pollutants that may accumulate indoors from both internal and external sources over long periods of time. Dust and tracked-in soil accumulate most efficiently in carpets, and the pollutants associated with dust and soil may present an exposure risk to infants and toddlers, who spend significant portions of their time in contact with or in close proximity to the floor and who engage in frequent mouthing activities. The availability of carpet dust for exposure by transfer to the skin or by suspension into the air depends on particle size. In this study, a large sample of residential house dust was obtained from a commercial cleaning service whose clients were homeowners residing in the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill (Research Triangle) area of North Carolina. The composite dust was separated into seven size fractions ranging from < 4 to 500 microm in diameter, and each fraction was analyzed for 28 pesticides and 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Over 20% of the fractionated dust sample consisted of particles < 25 microm in diameter. Fourteen pesticides and all 10 of the target PAHs were detected in one or more of the seven size-fractionated samples. Sample concentrations reported range from 0.02 to 22 microg/g; the synthetic pyrethroids cis- and trans-permethrin were the most abundant pesticide residue. The concentrations of nearly all of the target analytes increased gradually with decreasing particle size for the larger particles, then increased dramatically for the two smallest particle sizes (4-25 microm and < 4 microm). JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Lewis, R G AU - Fortune, C R AU - Willis, R D AU - Camann, D E AU - Antley, J T AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711-2055, USA. lewis.bob-dr@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 721 EP - 726 VL - 107 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Index Medicus KW - Particle Size KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69998531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+pesticides+and+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+in+house+dust+as+a+function+of+particle+size.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+R+G%3BFortune%2C+C+R%3BWillis%2C+R+D%3BCamann%2C+D+E%3BAntley%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1999 Mar-Apr;9(2):85-98 [10321348] Am J Public Health. 1975 Jan;65(1):53-7 [233977] Pestic Monit J. 1974 Dec;8(3):209-12 [4142653] Arch Environ Health. 1975 Dec;30(12):565-70 [1200717] Arch Environ Health. 1979 Jul-Aug;34(4):280-5 [475473] Sci Total Environ. 1985 Jul;44(1):65-79 [4023696] J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1999 Feb;49(2):200-6 [10063262] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 Dec;43(6):814-20 [2597784] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Oct;19(3):388-98 [1459371] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1993 Apr-Jun;3(2):227-50 [7694700] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1994 Jan;26(1):37-46 [8110022] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Dec;103(12):1126-34 [8747019] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Nov;106(11):721-4 [9799187] Environ Res. 1985 Oct;38(1):77-95 [4076114] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IAEA/EPA international climatic test program for integrating radon detectors. International Atomic Energy Agency/Environmental Protection Agency. AN - 69982764; 10456502 AB - As an element of the joint IAEA-EPA International Radon Metrology Evaluation Program, a climatic test of long-term integrating radon detectors was conducted at the U.S. EPA Radiation and Indoor Environments National Laboratory. The objective of this study was to test the performance of commonly used commercially available long-term 222Rn detector systems under extreme climatological conditions using filtered polycarbonate CR-39 plastic analyzed by the manufacturer using the track-etch method, unfiltered LR-115 film analyzed by the manufacturer, and Teflon based electrets analyzed in the field by EPA using the manufacturer's equipment. The EPA environmental radon chambers were used to expose detectors to extreme cold and dry (less than 4.0 degrees C air temperature and 25% relative humidity) and hot and humid (greater than 35 degrees C air temperature and 85% relative humidity) climatic conditions. During phase I detectors were exposed to low temperatures and low humidities, and during phase II detectors were exposed to high temperatures and high humidities. Typical indoor equilibrium fractions (near 50%) and radon concentrations of about 150 Bq m(-3) were maintained for each phase, which lasted 90 d. The results indicated that the optimal detector for extreme climatic conditions is dependent on the relative importance of bias and precision. Overall, however, the filtered track-etch type detector produced the most reliable results under the extreme conditions. JF - Health physics AU - Hopper, R D AU - Steinhäusler, F AU - Ronca-Battista, M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Radiation and Indoor Environments National Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 303 EP - 308 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Health Physics KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Temperature KW - Humidity KW - International Agencies KW - Fungi -- isolation & purification KW - Air Microbiology KW - Quality Control KW - Radiometry -- instrumentation KW - Radon -- analysis KW - Radiometry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69982764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=IAEA%2FEPA+international+climatic+test+program+for+integrating+radon+detectors.+International+Atomic+Energy+Agency%2FEnvironmental+Protection+Agency.&rft.au=Hopper%2C+R+D%3BSteinh%C3%A4usler%2C+F%3BRonca-Battista%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Health Phys. 2000 Feb;78(2):228 [10647990] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sites in the United States contaminated with radioactivity. AN - 69977264; 10456495 AB - Over the century that radioactive materials have been mined, processed, produced, and utilized, many sites across the United States have become contaminated. Such sites include bases and installations of the Department of Defense, weapons production and research facilities of the Department of Energy, properties under the authority of other Federal agencies, privately-owned and governmental facilities that are licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and its Agreement States, and sites licensed by or the responsibility of states. This review reports on aspects of work by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and others to identify sites contaminated with radioactive materials. It also describes the principal programs that have been instituted to deal with them. JF - Health physics AU - Wolbarst, A B AU - Blom, P F AU - Chan, D AU - Cherry, R N AU - Doehnert, M AU - Fauver, D AU - Hull, H B AU - MacKinney, J A AU - Mauro, J AU - Richardson, A C AU - Zaragoza, L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 247 EP - 260 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Radioactive Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Health Physics KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Government Agencies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69977264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Sites+in+the+United+States+contaminated+with+radioactivity.&rft.au=Wolbarst%2C+A+B%3BBlom%2C+P+F%3BChan%2C+D%3BCherry%2C+R+N%3BDoehnert%2C+M%3BFauver%2C+D%3BHull%2C+H+B%3BMacKinney%2C+J+A%3BMauro%2C+J%3BRichardson%2C+A+C%3BZaragoza%2C+L&rft.aulast=Wolbarst&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury: a regional problem requires collaborative efforts. AN - 69347562; 10590761 JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Trip, L AU - Weiss, J AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Region I, Boston, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 414 EP - 415 VL - 114 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - International Cooperation KW - Canada KW - Humans KW - Europe KW - Regional Health Planning KW - Environmental Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69347562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Mercury%3A+a+regional+problem+requires+collaborative+efforts.&rft.au=Trip%2C+L%3BWeiss%2C+J&rft.aulast=Trip&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human exposures to inorganic mercury. AN - 69345305; 10590760 JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Weiss, J AU - Trip, L AU - Mahaffey, K R AD - US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Boston, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 400 EP - 401 VL - 114 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Medical Waste KW - 0 KW - Dental Amalgam KW - 8049-85-2 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69345305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Human+exposures+to+inorganic+mercury.&rft.au=Weiss%2C+J%3BTrip%2C+L%3BMahaffey%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) study in Arizona--introduction and preliminary results. AN - 69241724; 10554145 AB - The objective of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) in Arizona is to determine the multimedia distribution of total human exposure to environmental pollutants in the classes of metals, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the population of Arizona. This was accomplished by studying a probability-based sample of the total population in Arizona with a nested design for the different stages of sampling (954 Stage I, 505 Stage II, and 179 Stage III participants). This report compares the study population demographics with those from the U.S. Census and provides preliminary data on the distributions of the example pollutant for each class, lead for metals, chlorpyrifos for pesticides, and benzene for metals. The probability-based sample age and gender demographics compare reasonably well with the Census data (1990 Census and 1996 Census Estimate). The race/ethnicity compared less well with 21% Hispanics in the 1996 Census Estimate and 42% Hispanics in the entire NHEXAS-Arizona sample and 30% Hispanics as Stage III participants for this study. The chemical analyses of the various media (yard soil, foundation soil, house dust, indoor air, outdoor air, drinking water, food, and beverage) show generally low levels of the representative pollutants. The 50th percentiles of the distributions are generally near or below the analytical detection limits, and applicable Federal action limits were rarely exceeded. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Robertson, G L AU - Lebowitz, M D AU - O'Rourke, M K AU - Gordon, S AU - Moschandreas, D AD - Human Exposure Research Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193, USA. robertson.gary@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 427 EP - 434 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Insecticides KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Medical Records KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Skin Absorption KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Child KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Ethnic Groups -- statistics & numerical data KW - Age Distribution KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Chlorpyrifos -- analysis KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Arizona KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Biomarkers -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Mass Screening -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69241724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=The+National+Human+Exposure+Assessment+Survey+%28NHEXAS%29+study+in+Arizona--introduction+and+preliminary+results.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+G+L%3BLebowitz%2C+M+D%3BO%27Rourke%2C+M+K%3BGordon%2C+S%3BMoschandreas%2C+D&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population-based dietary intakes and tap water concentrations for selected elements in the EPA region V National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS). AN - 69240164; 10554143 AB - A National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) field study was performed in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region V, providing population-based exposure distribution data for selected elements in several personal, environmental, and biological media. Population distributions are reported for the 11 elements that were measured in water and dietary samples. Dietary intakes and home tap water concentrations of lead, arsenic, and cadmium were further examined for intermedia associations, for differences between dietary exposure for adults and children, and to estimate the proportion of the population above health-based reference values (dietary) or regulatory action levels or maximum contaminant levels (water). Water lead and arsenic concentrations were significantly associated with dietary intake. Intake of all elements was higher from solid foods than from liquid foods (including drinking water). Dietary intakes of Pb, As, and Cd were greater than those calculated for intake from home tap water or inhalation on a microg/day basis. Median dietary intakes for the Region V population for Pb, As, and Cd were 0.10, 0.13, and 0.19 microg/kg bw/day, respectively. While Pb, As, and Cd concentrations in the foods consumed by 0 to 6-year-old children were similar to or lower than those for adults, dietary intakes calculated on a body weight basis were 1.5 to 2.5 times higher for young children. Intrapersonal intake differences accounted for most of the variance in short-term (daily) dietary intakes for Pb and As, while interpersonal differences accounted for more of the intake variance for Cd. Only small percentages of the population exceeded health-based intake reference values or concentrations equal to regulatory levels in water for Pb, As, and Cd. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Thomas, K W AU - Pellizzari, E D AU - Berry, M R AD - Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. thomas.kent@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 402 EP - 413 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Elements KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Cadmium -- analysis KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Infant KW - Inhalation Exposure -- analysis KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Adolescent KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69240164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Population-based+dietary+intakes+and+tap+water+concentrations+for+selected+elements+in+the+EPA+region+V+National+Human+Exposure+Assessment+Survey+%28NHEXAS%29.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+K+W%3BPellizzari%2C+E+D%3BBerry%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hsp70 expression and function during embryogenesis. AN - 69229589; 10547065 AB - This review focuses on the expression and function of 70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) during mammalian embryogenesis, though many features of embryogenesis and the developmental expression of Hsp70s are conserved between mammals and other vertebrates. A variety of Hsp70s are expressed from the point of zygotic gene activation in cleavage-stage embryos, through blastulation, implantation, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis, and on throughout fetal maturation. The regulation and patterns of hsp70 gene expression and the known and putative Hsp70 protein functions vary from constitutive and metabolic housekeeping to stress-inducible and embryo-protective roles. Understanding the genetic regulation and molecular function of Hsp70s has been pursued by developmental biologists interested in the control of gene expression in early embryos as well as reproductive toxicologists and teratologists interested in how Hsp70s protect embryos from the adverse effects of environmental exposures. These efforts have also been joined by those interested in the chaperone functions of Hsp70s, and this confluence of effort has yielded many advances in our understanding of Hsp70s during critical phases of embryonic development and cellular differentiation. JF - Cell stress & chaperones AU - Luft, J C AU - Dix, D J AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 162 EP - 170 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1355-8145, 1355-8145 KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- physiology KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69229589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+stress+%26+chaperones&rft.atitle=Hsp70+expression+and+function+during+embryogenesis.&rft.au=Luft%2C+J+C%3BDix%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Luft&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+stress+%26+chaperones&rft.issn=13558145&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-term variability of water quality parameters in two shallow estuaries of North Carolina AN - 52386043; 2000-019712 AB - We quantified the effects of nutrient loading following precipitation events (> or =1.25 cm) in 2 tidal creeks varying in size and anthropogenic input during the winter and summer seasons of 1996. Several water quality parameters were repeatedly measured in the water column every 3 h for several days after each event (4-5 per season). Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) behaved nonconservatively with salinity and appeared as pulsed additions, occasionally doubling within 1 to 2 tidal cycles following significant rain events. Average values for TN, TP, and chlorophyll a were 10-15 mu M, 4 mu M, and > or =7 mu g l (super -1) , respectively for summer events. However, response times were variable, depending on the magnitude and duration of the event as well as temperature. Chlorophyll a biomass often increased after nutrient additions, especially in the summer when increased nutrient loading took place. Dissolved silica (DSi) behaved conservatively with salinity; low values were observed at high tide and vice versa. Average DSi ranges for winter and summer events were 5-45 mu M and 10-85 mu M, respectively. DSi range values increased proportionally with the amount of freshwater loaded into the system. Recovery times for salinity were usually greater than the recovery times for nutrients. Dissolved oxygen displayed a diel pattern, increasing after daytime productivity and decreasing during nighttime. In conclusion, each rainfall event was unique and responses were variable depending upon rainfall history, seasonality, and the duration and intensity of the rainfall event. Several other variables, such as water viscosity, percolation rates, and evapotranspiration rates which were not quantified in this study, could have also explained parameter responses. JF - Estuaries AU - Hubertz, E D AU - Cahoon, L B AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 814 EP - 823 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Northwest Atlantic KW - shallow-water environment KW - biomass KW - pigments KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - salinity KW - New Hanover County North Carolina KW - evapotranspiration KW - environmental effects KW - chlorophyll KW - tides KW - nutrients KW - organic compounds KW - intertidal environment KW - North Carolina KW - coastal environment KW - ecology KW - North Atlantic KW - estuarine environment KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52386043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Short-term+variability+of+water+quality+parameters+in+two+shallow+estuaries+of+North+Carolina&rft.au=Hubertz%2C+E+D%3BCahoon%2C+L+B%3BSpagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BReilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Hubertz&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; Atlantic Ocean; atmospheric precipitation; biomass; chlorophyll; coastal environment; ecology; environmental effects; estuarine environment; evapotranspiration; intertidal environment; New Hanover County North Carolina; North Atlantic; North Carolina; Northwest Atlantic; nutrients; organic compounds; pigments; salinity; shallow-water environment; tides; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimizing dredging disposal via sediment management in New York Harbor AN - 52384906; 2000-019710 AB - The Port of New York/New Jersey is naturally shallow, and therefore dredging is required to maintain depths necessary for navigation. About six million cubic yards of material must be dredged annually to maintain navigation channels and berthing areas. Opportunities for disposal of dredged materials in the metropolitan region are limited. The existing ocean disposal site that has, until recently, received the majority of dredged materials is nearing capacity. Under the new, more stringent, guidance for ocean disposal, a large percentage of the dredged material is not considered acceptable for ocean disposal because of contamination. This paper explores nondredging alternatives to reduce the volume of materials to be dredged, thus reducing the disposal volume. These alternatives include short-term options (e.g., reprofiling operations, in which sediments from high spots in berths are dragged to depressions in lower spots) and long-term sedimentation minimization options (e.g., subsurface berms or air bubblers deployed around berths and interpier areas). These methods require an understanding of sedimentation/circulation patterns of the harbor as a whole and the local area in which the specific methodology may be employed. JF - Estuaries AU - Abood, Karim A AU - Metzger, Susan G AU - Distante, Donald F AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 763 EP - 769 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - United States KW - regulations KW - environmental effects KW - dredging KW - mitigation KW - marine sediments KW - sediments KW - estuarine environment KW - protection KW - Northwest Atlantic KW - pollutants KW - New York Harbor KW - sedimentation KW - harbors KW - pollution KW - cost KW - biota KW - dredged materials KW - New York KW - marine environment KW - New Jersey KW - waste disposal KW - North Atlantic KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Minimizing+dredging+disposal+via+sediment+management+in+New+York+Harbor&rft.au=Abood%2C+Karim+A%3BMetzger%2C+Susan+G%3BDistante%2C+Donald+F%3BSpagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BReilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Abood&rft.aufirst=Karim&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; biota; cost; dredged materials; dredging; environmental effects; estuarine environment; harbors; marine environment; marine sediments; mitigation; New Jersey; New York; New York Harbor; North Atlantic; Northwest Atlantic; pollutants; pollution; protection; regulations; sedimentation; sediments; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment grain size effect on benthic microalgal biomass in shallow aquatic ecosystems AN - 52384866; 2000-019709 AB - Benthic microalgal biomass is an important fraction of the primary producer community in shallow water ecosystems, and the factors controlling benthic microalgal biomass are complex. One possible controlling factor is sediment grain-size distribution. Benthic microalgal biomass was sampled in sediments collected from two sets of North Carolina estuaries, Massachusetts and Cape Cod bays, and Manukau Harbour in New Zealand. Comparisons of benthic microalgal biomass and sediment grain-size distributions in these coastal and estuarine ecosystems frequently showed a negative relationship between the proportion of fine-grained sediments and benthic microalgal biomass measured as chlorophyll a. The highest sedimentary chlorophyll a levels generally occurred in sediments with lower percentages of fine particles (diameter<125 mm). A negative relationship between the proportion of fine sediments and benthic microalgal biomass suggests anthropogenic loadings of fine sediment may reduce the biological productivity of shallow-water ecosystems. JF - Estuaries AU - Cahoon, L B AU - Nearhoof, J E AU - Tilton, C L AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 735 EP - 741 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - United States KW - shallow-water environment KW - benthic taxa KW - biomass KW - ecosystems KW - algae KW - environmental effects KW - size distribution KW - marine sediments KW - Massachusetts KW - sediments KW - ecology KW - estuarine environment KW - productivity KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - Plantae KW - Australasia KW - human activity KW - grain size KW - South Pacific KW - marine environment KW - Pacific Ocean KW - North Carolina KW - North Atlantic KW - aquatic environment KW - New Zealand KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 07:Oceanography KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Sediment+grain+size+effect+on+benthic+microalgal+biomass+in+shallow+aquatic+ecosystems&rft.au=Cahoon%2C+L+B%3BNearhoof%2C+J+E%3BTilton%2C+C+L%3BSpagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BReilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Cahoon&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algae; aquatic environment; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Atlantic Ocean; Australasia; benthic taxa; biomass; ecology; ecosystems; environmental effects; estuarine environment; grain size; human activity; marine environment; marine sediments; Massachusetts; New Zealand; North Atlantic; North Carolina; Pacific Ocean; Plantae; productivity; sediments; shallow-water environment; size distribution; South Pacific; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental assessment of Poplar Island dredged material placement site, Talbot County, Maryland AN - 52384650; 2000-019711 AB - The Poplar Island Dredged Material Placement Site in Talbot County, Maryland is proposed to be used for the restoration of Poplar Island and for the creation of desirable habitats lost through erosion of Poplar Island by the beneficial use of clean and uncontaminated dredged material from the Chesapeake Bay approach channels to the Port of Baltimore. The Poplar Island baseline environmental assessment studies included among others, seasonal water quality, benthic community, and benthic tissue contaminants, that were carried out by the Maryland Department of the Environment, in cooperation with the University of Maryland, from September 1995 to July 1996. The purpose of the study was to document the present-day levels of nutrients, trace metals, and organic contaminants in the area to establish a baseline against which subsequent levels and biological responses may be compared. The overall results of the study indicate that Poplar Island and vicinity areas are non-impacted in terms of water quality and benthic tissue contamination. The nutrient levels in the water column were below average for this region of Chesapeake Bay, while the trace metals and organic contamination in the benthic tissues were comparable to other sites within Chesapeake Bay that are not impacted by direct inputs. Concentrations were equivalent or lower than those found at Hart-Miller Island, a disposal facility outside Baltimore Harbor, Maryland containing dredged material. JF - Estuaries AU - Dalal, V P AU - Baker, J E AU - Mason, R P AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 770 EP - 784 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - biodiversity KW - erosion KW - pollutants KW - Talbot County Maryland KW - pollution KW - Poplar Island KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - biota KW - dredged materials KW - nutrients KW - habitat KW - organic compounds KW - metals KW - marine environment KW - trace metals KW - Maryland KW - waste disposal KW - baseline studies KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Environmental+assessment+of+Poplar+Island+dredged+material+placement+site%2C+Talbot+County%2C+Maryland&rft.au=Dalal%2C+V+P%3BBaker%2C+J+E%3BMason%2C+R+P%3BSpagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BReilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; baseline studies; biodiversity; biota; Chesapeake Bay; dredged materials; environmental analysis; environmental effects; erosion; habitat; marine environment; Maryland; metals; nutrients; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; Poplar Island; Talbot County Maryland; trace metals; United States; waste disposal; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management; the interrelationship among habitats and their management AN - 52384618; 2000-019708 JF - Estuaries AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 731 EP - 734 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - protection KW - shallow-water environment KW - terrestrial environment KW - water management KW - environmental analysis KW - biota KW - habitat KW - estuaries KW - dredging KW - marine sediments KW - wetlands KW - marine environment KW - sediments KW - paludal environment KW - waste disposal KW - estuarine environment KW - 07:Oceanography KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Marine+and+estuarine+shallow+water+science+and+management%3B+the+interrelationship+among+habitats+and+their+management&rft.au=Reilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BSpagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biota; dredging; environmental analysis; estuaries; estuarine environment; habitat; marine environment; marine sediments; paludal environment; protection; sediments; shallow-water environment; terrestrial environment; waste disposal; water management; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management AN - 52384119; 2000-019707 JF - Estuaries AU - Spagnolo, Ralph J AU - Reilly, Francis J, Jr AU - Ambrogio, Edward Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 731 EP - 823 PB - [Estuarine Research Federation], [Lawrence, KS] VL - 22 IS - 3B SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - water quality KW - shallow-water environment KW - water management KW - vegetation KW - biota KW - habitat KW - estuaries KW - beaches KW - symposia KW - marine environment KW - coastal environment KW - ecology KW - estuarine environment KW - 07:Oceanography KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Third+annual+Marine+and+estuarine+shallow+water+science+and+management+conference+on+The+interrelationship+among+habitats+and+their+management&rft.au=Spagnolo%2C+Ralph+J%3BReilly%2C+Francis+J%2C+Jr%3BAmbrogio%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Spagnolo&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3B&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01608347.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third annual Marine and estuarine shallow water science and management conference on The interrelationship among habitats and their management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - KS] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers within scope are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTUDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beaches; biota; coastal environment; ecology; estuaries; estuarine environment; habitat; marine environment; shallow-water environment; symposia; vegetation; water management; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and assessment of the sediment quality and transport processes in the west branch of the Grand Calumet River in Illinois AN - 52285660; 2000-079463 JF - Open File Series - Illinois State Geological Survey AU - Cahill, Richard A AU - Demissie, Misganaw AU - Bogner, William C Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - September 1999 SP - 122 PB - Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL KW - United States KW - stream transport KW - stream sediments KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - dredging KW - sedimentation rates KW - sediments KW - drainage basins KW - Grand Calumet River KW - geochemistry KW - Cook County Illinois KW - concentration KW - Illinois KW - sediment transport KW - pollutants KW - effluents KW - surface water KW - sedimentation KW - pollution KW - fluvial sedimentation KW - organic compounds KW - metals KW - fluvial environment KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52285660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Cahill%2C+Richard+A%3BDemissie%2C+Misganaw%3BBogner%2C+William+C&rft.aulast=Cahill&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Characterization+and+assessment+of+the+sediment+quality+and+transport+processes+in+the+west+branch+of+the+Grand+Calumet+River+in+Illinois&rft.title=Characterization+and+assessment+of+the+sediment+quality+and+transport+processes+in+the+west+branch+of+the+Grand+Calumet+River+in+Illinois&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/servs/pubs/ofhome.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03572 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - concentration; Cook County Illinois; drainage basins; dredging; effluents; environmental analysis; environmental effects; fluvial environment; fluvial sedimentation; geochemistry; Grand Calumet River; Illinois; metals; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; sediment transport; sedimentation; sedimentation rates; sediments; stream sediments; stream transport; surface water; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance evaluation of aerated lagoon in summer and winter conditions AN - 17474561; 4670362 AB - A 1-year study evaluated the performance of a full-scale aerated lagoon, located in a midwest community in the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the lagoon under varied temperature conditions. The main parameters for evaluation were 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonia-N. In addition, phosphorus and bacteriological qualities of the effluent were investigated. In general, the facility met 5-day biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids limits required by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. The lagoon reduced the ammonia-N concentration efficiently during late spring, summer, and fall, with values ranging from 0.3 to 4.2 mg/L. In the winter period the activities of the nitrifying bacteria diminished, resulting in a reduced nitrification rate. The ammonia-N during winter ranged from 8.8 to 23 mg/L. During the spring months (March to May) the nitrification rate slowly increased with the rise in temperature. This reflects the time period and environment necessary to reach an effective nitrification population in the system. The adjustment period was reversed in the fall months with a declining population of nitrifiers and decreased nitrification rates. The effluent total phosphate levels ranged from 0.6 to 4.9 mg/L. Effluent fecal coliform values ranged from 10 to 1,110/100 mL. JF - Journal of Cold Regions Engineering AU - Surampalli, R Y AU - Ninaroon, S AU - Banerji, S K AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 153 EP - 164 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0887-381X, 0887-381X KW - USA, Midwest KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Coliforms KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Phosphates KW - Aerated Lagoons KW - Nitrification KW - Ammonia KW - Temperature Effects KW - Effluents KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17474561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cold+Regions+Engineering&rft.atitle=Performance+evaluation+of+aerated+lagoon+in+summer+and+winter+conditions&rft.au=Surampalli%2C+R+Y%3BNinaroon%2C+S%3BBanerji%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Surampalli&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cold+Regions+Engineering&rft.issn=0887381X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290887-381X%281999%2913%3A3%28153%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerated Lagoons; Performance Evaluation; Nitrification; Effluents; Temperature Effects; Phosphates; Coliforms; Ammonia; Seasonal Variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1999)13:3(153) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Latitudinal gradients in benthic community composition in Western Atlantic estuaries AN - 17466185; 4670016 AB - Aim The community composition of benthic macroinvertebrates from 295 estuarine sites was examined in order to either confirm or challenge established boundaries of zoogeographical provinces. We also investigated the postulate that, while local distributions were determined by natural habitat characteristics such as salinity, sediment type and depth, distributions on a large geographical scale would be correlated with temperature. Location The Atlantic coast of the United States (on a latitudinal gradient from 42 degree to 25 degree N). Methods Using the descriptive techniques of cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, we determined the similarities in benthic community composition between sites within 1 degree latitudinal bands and compared the biotic ordinations to natural habitat characteristics such as salinity, sediment type and depth. We then evaluated the overall community composition within each 1 degree latitudinal band and established whether or not similarities existed between adjacent 1 degree latitudinal bands. In this manner, we were able to confirm that a latitudinal gradient existed in estuarine benthic community composition along the western Atlantic coast. This latitudinal gradient was demarcated by biogeographical boundaries at (1) Biscayne Bay, Florida, (2) the southern end of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, (3) St John's River, Florida, (4) Cape Island, South Carolina, (5) the mouth of the Cape Fear River, North Carolina and (6) Cape Cod, Massachusetts, with a subprovince boundary just north of Cape May at Wildwood, New Jersey. Results The major divisions approximated widely recognized biogeographical boundaries. Average summer water temperatures correlated better than sediment type, depth, or salinity with the latitudinal groupings of sites determined by cluster analysis. Conclusions Based on this relationship, we speculate on the potential impacts of current global climate change scenarios on the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates along the western Atlantic coast. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Engle, V D AU - Summers, J K AD - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 1007 EP - 1023 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - USA, Florida, Biscayne Bay KW - USA, Florida, Indian River Lagoon KW - USA, Florida, St. John's R. KW - USA, Massachusetts, Cape Cod KW - USA, New Jersey, Wildwood, Cape May KW - USA, North Carolina, Cape Fear KW - USA, South Carolina, Cape I. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Benthic environment KW - Faunal provinces KW - ASW, USA KW - ANW, USA KW - Habitats KW - Salinity KW - Correlation Analysis KW - Invertebrata KW - Climatic Changes KW - Latitude KW - Latitudinal Studies KW - Coasts KW - Temperature effects KW - Biogeography KW - Estuaries KW - Temperature KW - Community composition KW - Latitudinal variations KW - Boundaries KW - Zoobenthos KW - Benthos KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - O 1030:Invertebrates KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - D 04320:Brackishwater KW - Q1 08383:Biogeography and biogeographic regions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17466185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Latitudinal+gradients+in+benthic+community+composition+in+Western+Atlantic+estuaries&rft.au=Engle%2C+V+D%3BSummers%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Engle&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2699.1999.00341.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Estuarine organisms; Temperature effects; Community composition; Biogeography; Latitudinal variations; Zoobenthos; Faunal provinces; Latitude; Benthic environment; Salinity; Habitats; Estuaries; Correlation Analysis; Boundaries; Temperature; Climatic Changes; Latitudinal Studies; Macroinvertebrates; Coasts; Benthos; Invertebrata; ASW, USA; ANW, USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00341.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduced Fish in Northeastern USA Lakes: Regional Extent, Dominance, and Effect on Native Species Richness AN - 17461149; 4671765 AB - We assessed the effects of nonnative fish on native fish biodiversity, using assemblage data collected during 1991-1996 from 203 randomly selected lakes in the northeastern USA by the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. An estimated 74% ( plus or minus 17.6%, 95% confidence interval) of the region's 10,608 lakes between 1 and 10,000 ha contain at least one introduced species. Based on our samples, nonnative individuals outnumbered natives in an estimated 31.5% ( plus or minus 11%) of lakes. Regression models indicated that native, introduced, and total species richness were associated with lake surface area, elevation, and lake depth (0.31 less than or equal to R super(2) less than or equal to 0.81). The intensity of human disturbance in the watershed was positively associated with introduced species richness but not associated with native species richness. The number of nonnative species was a significant variable in the native-species regression models for the entire Northeast and for only one of five subregions, the Northeast Coastal Zone ecoregion. Of the types of fishes that have been introduced, littoral predators--primarily Micropterus--appeared to have the greatest negative effect on native species richness. Small or soft-finned species appeared to be the least tolerant of these introduced predators, Native brook trout and minnow assemblages, typical of northern lakes in the Northeast but now rare in the Adirondacks, appeared to be at the greatest risk from continued introductions in northeastern New England. Current among-lake ( beta ) species diversity was associated more with regional diversity of lake types than with extent or dominance of nonnative species. Without quantitative historical data, it was not possible to demonstrate a homogenizing effect of introductions on lake fish assemblages. JF - Transactions of the American Fisheries Society AU - Whittier, T R AU - Kincaid, T M AD - Dynamac International, Inc., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory--Western Ecology Division, 200 Southwest 35th Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA, whittier@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 769 EP - 783 VL - 128 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8487, 0002-8487 KW - USA KW - USA, Northeast KW - biodiversity KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Environmental Effects KW - Environmental impact KW - Biological diversity KW - Species Diversity KW - Freshwater KW - Pisces KW - Lakes KW - Community composition KW - Fishery management KW - Exotic Species KW - Trout KW - Species diversity KW - Fish Populations KW - Introduced species KW - Species richness KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17461149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society&rft.atitle=Introduced+Fish+in+Northeastern+USA+Lakes%3A+Regional+Extent%2C+Dominance%2C+and+Effect+on+Native+Species+Richness&rft.au=Whittier%2C+T+R%3BKincaid%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Whittier&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society&rft.issn=00028487&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Fishery management; Species diversity; Environmental impact; Introduced species; Lakes; Biological diversity; Species richness; Environmental Effects; Trout; Exotic Species; Species Diversity; Fish Populations; Pisces; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecoregions: A Geographic Framework to Guide Risk Characterization and Ecosystem Management AN - 17429210; 4644845 AB - Two central tenets of the ecosystem management paradigm are integrity and sustainability. Recognizing, maintaining, and/or restoring ecosystem integrity and sustainability present a major challenge to those attempting to implement an ecosystem approach to management. One way to begin to define and apply these concepts is to become familiar with the status of the ecosystems in question through characterization. Characterization involves spatial definition as well as a description of ecosystem qualities and behavior. An ecoregion framework is a characterization tool appropriate for describing an ecosystem's natural potential and variability as well as its typical response to various human disturbances. Using examples from the mid-Atlantic Highland region of the United States, we discuss the merits of using ecoregions both as an organizing framework that identifies region-specific disturbances and risks to ecosystems and as a reporting framework for interpreting research and assessment results. With an ecoregion approach, land managers can develop management strategies that are consistent with regional expectations and predictive of ecosystem response to various land use practices. JF - Environmental Practice AU - Bryce, SA AU - Omernik, JM AU - Larsen, D P AD - Dynamac Corporation, U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, bryce@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 141 EP - 155 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1466-0466, 1466-0466 KW - ecosystem management KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Sustainable development KW - Land use KW - Human factors KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17429210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Practice&rft.atitle=Ecoregions%3A+A+Geographic+Framework+to+Guide+Risk+Characterization+and+Ecosystem+Management&rft.au=Bryce%2C+SA%3BOmernik%2C+JM%3BLarsen%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Practice&rft.issn=14660466&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land use; Human factors; Sustainable development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PM fine standards and implied modeling/analysis needs AN - 17408013; 4634256 AB - New National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) were promulgated for fine particulate matter (FPM) in July 1997. This paper summarizes likely timing for implementing programs to meet these standards, which have a bearing on future modeling/analysis needs. The paper notes technical requirements implied by the nature of the NAAQS, as well as feedback the agency has received concerning modeling/analysis through Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) subcommittee work groups. Conclusions and recommendations drawn from recently completed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-sponsored workshops on modeling and other source attribution techniques are also described. Efforts to respond to needs implied by the NAAQS and feedback are noted by outlining major topics and issues that future guidance on use of modeling and other analyses used for attainment demonstrations will need to address. The paper concludes by highlighting several as yet unmet modeling/analysis needs to support a well-founded strategy for meeting air quality goals for FPM. These are suggested as potential areas for policy-relevant research. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Meyer, EL Jr AU - Braverman, T N AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - PM116 EP - PM124 VL - 49 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - New National Ambient Air Quality Standards KW - models KW - Federal Advisory Committee Act KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air quality standards KW - Federal regulations KW - Compliance KW - Particulates KW - Legislation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17408013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=PM+fine+standards+and+implied+modeling%2Fanalysis+needs&rft.au=Meyer%2C+EL+Jr%3BBraverman%2C+T+N&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=&rft.spage=PM116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue on PM sub(2.5):. A fine partide standard 2.5 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particulates; Air quality standards; Legislation; Compliance; Federal regulations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of particulate matter on daily mortality in Bangkok, Thailand AN - 17407951; 4634254 AB - Several studies conducted in U.S. cities report an association between acute exposures to particulate matter (PM), usually measured as PM sub(10), and mortality. Evidence of high concentrations of PM sub(10) in Eastern Europe and in large metropolitan areas outside of the United States, such as Mexico City and Bangkok, underscores the need to determine whether these same associations occur outside of the United States. In addition, conducting studies of mortality and air pollution in regions that have distinctly different seasonal patterns than those of the United States provides an effective opportunity to assess the potentially confounding aspects of seasonality. Over the last few years, daily measures of ambient PM sub(10) have been collected in Bangkok, a tropical city of over 6 million people. In this metropolitan area, PM sub(10) consists largely of fine particles generated from diesel- and gasoline-powered automobiles, and from two-stroke motorcycle engines. Our analysis involved the examination of the relationship between PM sub(10) and daily mortality for 1992 through 1995. In addition to counts of daily natural mortality (total mortality net of accidents, homicides, and suicides), the data were compiled to assess both cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, and natural mortality by age group. A multivariate Poisson regression model was used to explain daily mortality while controlling for several covariates including temperature, humidity, day of the week, season, and time. The analysis indicated a statistically significant association between PM sub(10) and all of the alternative measures of mortality. The results suggest a 10- mu g/m super(3) change in daily PM sub(10) is associated with a 1-2% increase in natural mortality, a 1-2% increase in cardiovascular mortality, and a 3-6% increase in respiratory mortality. These relative risks are generally consistent with or greater than those reported in most studies undertaken in the United States. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Ostro, B AU - Chestnut, L AU - Vichit-Vadakan, N AU - Laixuthai, A AD - Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - PM100 EP - PM107 VL - 49 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - man KW - Thailand, Bangkok KW - diesel KW - gasoline KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Particulate matter KW - Environmental health KW - Seasonal variations KW - Exhaust emissions KW - Lung diseases KW - Risk assessment KW - Cardiovascular system KW - Combustion products KW - Statistical analysis KW - Pollution effects KW - Particulates KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Mortality KW - Air pollution KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17407951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+particulate+matter+on+daily+mortality+in+Bangkok%2C+Thailand&rft.au=Ostro%2C+B%3BChestnut%2C+L%3BVichit-Vadakan%2C+N%3BLaixuthai%2C+A&rft.aulast=Ostro&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=&rft.spage=PM100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue on PM sub(2.5):. A fine partide standard 2.5 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Pollution effects; Environmental health; Mortality; Risk assessment; Particulates; Exhaust emissions; Seasonal variations; Statistical analysis; Cardiovascular diseases; Particulate matter; Multivariate analysis; Cardiovascular system; Lung diseases; Motor vehicles; Combustion products; Fuels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Objectives and design of central California's 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study of the California regional PM sub(10)/PM sub(2.5) Air Quality Study AN - 17405865; 4634263 AB - The 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study (IMS95) is part of the Phase 1 planning efforts for the California Regional PM sub(10)/PM sub(2.5) Air Quality Study. Thus, the overall objectives of IMS95 are to (1) fill information gaps needed for planning an effective field program later this decade; (2) develop an improved conceptual model for pollution buildup (PM sub(10), PM sub(2.5), and aerosol precursors) in the San Joaquin Valley; (3) develop a uniform air quality, meteorological, and emissions database that can be used to perform initial evaluations of aerosol and fog air quality models; and (4) provide early products that can be used to help with the development of State Implementation Plans for PM sub(10). Consideration of the new particulate matter standards were also included in the planning and design of IMS95, although they were proposed standards when IMS95 was in the planning process. This paper describes the objectives, components, and measurements obtained during IMS95. Results are presented elsewhere and are referenced within. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Solomon, P A AU - Magliano, K L AD - EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory, MD-46, Research Triangle Park, NC 27613, USA, solomon.paul@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - PM199 EP - PM215 VL - 49 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - USA, California KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Aerosols KW - Air quality measurements KW - Particulates KW - State programs KW - Emission measurements KW - Data bases KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17405865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Objectives+and+design+of+central+California%27s+1995+Integrated+Monitoring+Study+of+the+California+regional+PM+sub%2810%29%2FPM+sub%282.5%29+Air+Quality+Study&rft.au=Solomon%2C+P+A%3BMagliano%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=&rft.spage=PM199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue on PM sub(2.5):. A fine partide standard 2.5 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air quality measurements; Particulates; Aerosols; Data bases; Emission measurements; State programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of soil organic matter in freshwater emergent/open water wetlands in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area AN - 17391087; 4619980 AB - We measured soil organic matter (SOM) concentrations in a large sample (n = 95) of freshwater emergent and open water wetlands in the Portland, Oregon, USA, area as part of a study of the ecological development of mitigation wetlands. Mean SOM concentrations were higher in naturally occurring wetlands (NOWs) than in mitigation wetlands (MWs) at 0-5 cm (SOM = 9.75 and 5.83%, respectively, p = 0.0001) and at 15-20 cm (SOM = 6.85, 4.68%, p = 0.0551). If temporal accumulation of SOM is occurring, it is slow; we found no significant relationship between SOM and wetland age (p = 0.6003) and no significant change in SOM concentration in soils in MWs sampled in 1987 and 1993. Concentrations of SOM were not significantly related to land use but were related to soil series, texture class, and association, and to hydrogeomorphic class. For a subset of wetlands monitored for hydrology, we also found a significant negative relationship between SOM and the extent of inundation by standing water. Mitigation may be leading to direct loss of SOM, probably resulting from soil management practices during project construction. We also show that hydrologic regime significantly affects SOM. Because most projects in our study were built in pre-existing wetlands and have extensive areas of open water, our results suggest that low concentrations of SOM are likely to persist. For SOM and probably for SOM-supported wetland functions, fundamental goals of mitigation and wetland management (in-kind wetland replacement, no-net-loss of structure and function) are not being achieved, at least in the short term. The success of mitigation, in terms of SOM, could be improved by better project design and better management of soils during project construction. JF - Wetlands AU - Shaffer, P W AU - Ernst, T L AD - Dynamac Corporation Environmental Sciences, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, shaffer@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 505 EP - 516 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - standing water KW - USA, Oregon, Portland KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Water Management KW - Land Management KW - Land KW - Organic matter KW - Decision Making KW - Soil Organic Matter KW - Resources Management KW - Land use KW - Geomorphology KW - Water management KW - Hydrology KW - Wetlands KW - Decision theory KW - Resources KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17391087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+soil+organic+matter+in+freshwater+emergent%2Fopen+water+wetlands+in+the+Portland%2C+Oregon+metropolitan+area&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+P+W%3BErnst%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wetlands; Hydrology; Geomorphology; Land Management; Water Management; Decision Making; Resources Management; Land Use; Soil Organic Matter; USA, Oregon, Portland; Land; Water management; Decision theory; Resources; Land use; Organic matter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of wetland hydrology using hydrogeomorphic classification AN - 17391004; 4619979 AB - Hydrologic data are essential for understanding relationships between wetland morphology and function and for characterizing landscape-scale patterns of wetland occurrence. We monitored water levels in 45 wetlands for three years to characterize the hydrology of wetlands in the vicinity of Portland, Oregon, USA and classified wetlands by hydrogeomorphic (HGM) class to determine whether hydrologic regimes differed in wetlands in different HGM classes. We also compared hydrologic regimes in naturally occurring wetlands (NOWs) and mitigation wetlands (MWs) and in wetlands with/without a human-made water-retention structure to determine whether and how human modifications are changing the hydrology of wetlands. We found no relationship between hydrologic attributes and land use, soil association, or wetland area. We did find significant differences related to presence of a water-retention structure and to wetland type (NOW or MW). Water levels were higher and had less temporal variability and more extensive inundation (as % wetland area) in MWs and in wetlands modified to include a retention structure. HGM class was very effective for characterizing wetland hydrology, with significant differences among HGM classes for water level and for extent and duration of inundation. For three regional classes, we found the lowest water levels and lowest extent/duration of inundation in slope wetlands, intermediate conditions in riverine wetlands, and the highest water levels and greatest extent and duration of inundation in depressions. In "atypical" classes, average water level and extent of inundation were similar to conditions in depressions, but the within-site variability in water levels in depressions-in-slope-setting and in-stream-depressions was significantly smaller than in the regional classes (p less than or equal to 0.001). Results highlight the importance of both geomorphic setting and wetland structure in defining wetland hydrology and support the use of HGM for wetland classification. Because hydrology is an important determinant of many wetland functions, resource managers using restoration and mitigation to offset wetland losses should strive for project design and siting that re-establish the hydrogeomorphology of natural wetlands to improve the likelihood of replacing wetland functions. JF - Wetlands AU - Shaffer, P W AU - Kentula, ME AU - Gwin, SE AD - Dynamac Corporation Environmental Services, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, shaffer@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 490 EP - 504 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - USA, Portland, Oregon KW - hydrogeomorphic classification KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Classification systems KW - USA, Oregon, Portland KW - Water Management KW - Land Management KW - Land KW - Water level KW - Drainage KW - Water Level KW - Decision Making KW - Water levels KW - Geomorphology KW - Classification KW - Water management KW - Hydrology KW - Wetlands KW - Decision theory KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17391004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+wetland+hydrology+using+hydrogeomorphic+classification&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+P+W%3BKentula%2C+ME%3BGwin%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water levels; Classification systems; Hydrology; Wetlands; Geomorphology; Water level; Water management; Land; Drainage; Decision theory; Water Management; Land Management; Classification; Water Level; Decision Making; USA, Oregon, Portland ER - TY - CONF T1 - Steps towards an environmentally sustainable transport system AN - 17384003; 4613988 AB - Motorists may assist in going towards sustainable transport if given a wider basis for choice between vehicles, to include a number of important environmental aspects. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Olsson, L Y1 - 1999/09/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Sep 01 SP - 407 EP - 409 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 235 IS - 1-3 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Transportation KW - Motor vehicles KW - Environmental impact KW - Sustainable development KW - Pollution forecasting KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17384003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Steps+towards+an+environmentally+sustainable+transport+system&rft.au=Olsson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Olsson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=235&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2899%2900248-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00248-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of six potato cultivars to amount of applied water and Verticillium dahliae AN - 17339011; 4598906 AB - Six potato cultivars were grown with or without the addition of Verticillium dahliae inoculum and were watered at 50, 75, or 100% estimated consumptive use. The applied water x cultivar interaction was significant (P = 0.009 and P = 0.001 for 1996 and 1997, respectively) for the relative area under the senescence progress curve (RAUSPC). With a decrease in water, there was an increase in RAUSPC. A significant interaction of inoculum density x cultivar also was found, based on RAUSPC (P = 0.0194 and P = 0.0033 for 1996 and 1997, respectively). In V. dahliae-infested plots, 'Katahdin' and 'Ranger Russet' were resistant to Verticillium wilt. Population size of V. dahliae in stem apices was significantly lower in 'Katahdin' in both 1996 and 1997 (P = 0.0001) and in 'Ranger Russet' in 1997 (P = 0.0001) than in the other cultivars. 'Russet Burbank' and 'Shepody' had large apical stem populations of V. dahliae and higher RAUSPC values associated with both V. dahliae inoculum and decreased amount of applied water. Marketable tuber yield was unaffected by V. dahliae in both years. Cultivar resistance to Verticillium wilt was related to cultivar tolerance to moisture deficit stress. Results suggest that moisture deficit stress response has the potential to be a useful tool in protocols for screening potato for Verticillium resistance. JF - Phytopathology AU - Arbogast, M AU - Powelson, M L AU - Cappaert, M R AU - Watrud, L S AD - Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO) c/o United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 200 SW Western, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA, arbogast@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 782 EP - 788 VL - 89 IS - 9 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - moisture deficit stress KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plant protection KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Verticillium dahliae KW - Disease resistance KW - Water KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17339011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Response+of+six+potato+cultivars+to+amount+of+applied+water+and+Verticillium+dahliae&rft.au=Arbogast%2C+M%3BPowelson%2C+M+L%3BCappaert%2C+M+R%3BWatrud%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Arbogast&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=782&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Verticillium dahliae; Disease resistance; Plant protection; Water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using resistance and resilience measurements for "fitness" tests in ecosystem health AN - 17312116; 4586725 AB - The resistance and resilience of perennial grasses and a small shrub to a natural disturbance (drought) were measured on stress gradients that were produced by domestic livestock in desert grassland ecosystems in the northern Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico, USA. Both survivorship of grasses and a sub-shrub during a drought (a measure of resistance) and re-establishment of plant cover following a drought (a measure of resilience) were reduced in the intensely stressed ecosystems in comparison to the lightly stressed ecosystems. The compromise of the resistance and resilience characteristics of an ecosystem can be used as a "fitness" test for the health of ecosystems. Fitness tests can provide early warning of ecosystem degeneration and allow intervention to reduce or eliminate anthropogenic stress on the ecosystems. JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Whitford, W G AU - Rapport, D J AU - Desoyza, A G AD - US-EPA, Office of Research and Development, Las Cruces, MSC 3JER, USA Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 21 EP - 29 PB - Academic Press VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - ecosystem resilience KW - grazing KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Grasses KW - Ecosystem resilience KW - Grazing KW - Arid environments KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04130:Arid zones KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17312116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Using+resistance+and+resilience+measurements+for+%22fitness%22+tests+in+ecosystem+health&rft.au=Whitford%2C+W+G%3BRapport%2C+D+J%3BDesoyza%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjema.1999.0287 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grazing; Ecosystem resilience; Arid environments; Grasses DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1999.0287 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lung injury from intratracheal and inhalation exposures to residual oil fly ash in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. AN - 70818315; 10515573 AB - A rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary injury/hypertension has been recently used in particulate matter (PM) health effects studies, however, results have been equivocal. Neither the mechanism by which mortality occurs in this model nor the variation in response due to differences in PM exposure protocols (i.e., a bolus dose delivered intratracheally versus a similar cumulative dose inhaled over three days) have been fully investigated. Sprague Dawley rats (SD, 60 d old; 250-300 g) were injected with either saline (healthy) or MCT, 60 mg/kg, i.p. (to induce pulmonary injury/hypertension). Ten days later they were exposed to residual oil fly ash (ROFA), either intratracheally (IT; saline, 0.83 or 3.33 mg/kg) or by nose-only inhalation (15 mg/m3 x 6 h/d x 3 d). Lung histology, pulmonary cytokine gene expression (0 and 18 h postinhalation), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) markers of injury were analyzed (24 and 96 h post-IT; or 18 h post-inhalation). Data comparisons examined three primary aspects, 1) ROFA IT versus inhalation effects in healthy rats; 2) pulmonary injury caused by MCT; and 3) exacerbation of ROFA effects in MCT rats. In the first aspect, pulmonary histological lesions following ROFA inhalation in healthy rats were characterized by edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and thickening of alveolar walls. Increases in BALF markers of lung injury and inflammation were apparent in ROFA-IT or nose-only exposed healthy rats. Increased IL-6, and MIP-2 expression were also apparent in healthy rats following ROFA inhalation. In regards to the second aspect, MCT rats exposed to saline or air showed perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates, increased presence of large macrophages, and alveolar thickening. Consistently, BALF protein, and inflammatory markers (macrophage and neutrophil counts) were elevated indicating pulmonary injury. In regards to the third aspect, 58% of MCT rats exposed to ROFA IT died within 96 h regardless of the dose. No mortality was observed using the inhalation protocol. ROFA inhalation in MCT rats caused exacerbation of lung lesions such as increased edema, alveolar wall thickening, and inflammatory cell infiltration. This exacerbation was also evident in terms of additive or more than additive increases in BALF neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils. IL-6 but not MIP-2 expression was more than additive in MCT rats, and persisted over 18 h following ROFA. IL-10 and cellular fibronectin expression was only increased in MCT rats exposed to ROFA. In summary, only the bolus IT ROFA caused mortality in the rat model of lung injury/hypertension. Exacerbation of histological lesions and cytokine mRNA expression were most reflective of increased ROFA susceptibility in this model. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Kodavanti, U P AU - Jackson, M C AU - Ledbetter, A D AU - Richards, J R AU - Gardner, S Y AU - Watkinson, W P AU - Campen, M J AU - Costa, D L AD - Pulmonary Toxicology Branch, Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Kodavanti.urmila@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/27/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 27 SP - 543 EP - 563 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Coal Ash KW - Cytokines KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Particulate Matter KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - Monocrotaline KW - 73077K8HYV KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cytokines -- genetics KW - Intubation, Intratracheal KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - DNA, Complementary -- analysis KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Survival Rate KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - RNA -- metabolism KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Hypertension, Pulmonary -- chemically induced KW - Lung Diseases -- pathology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lung Diseases -- mortality KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Carbon -- toxicity KW - Carbon -- administration & dosage KW - Monocrotaline -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70818315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Lung+injury+from+intratracheal+and+inhalation+exposures+to+residual+oil+fly+ash+in+a+rat+model+of+monocrotaline-induced+pulmonary+hypertension.&rft.au=Kodavanti%2C+U+P%3BJackson%2C+M+C%3BLedbetter%2C+A+D%3BRichards%2C+J+R%3BGardner%2C+S+Y%3BWatkinson%2C+W+P%3BCampen%2C+M+J%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Kodavanti&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1999-08-27&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of CYP1A2 on disposition of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in CYP1A2 knockout and parental (C57BL/6N and 129/Sv) strains of mice. AN - 69976286; 10448125 AB - TCDD is the prototype and most potent member of the highly lipophilic polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs), which are persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminants. In both acute and subchronic animal studies, there is a specific accumulation of TCDD in liver greater than in adipose tissue. The inducible hepatic binding protein responsible for this hepatic sequestration of TCDD and its congeners has been shown by our laboratory to be CYP1A2 (J. J. Diliberto, D. Burgin, and L. S. Birnbaum, 1997, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 236, 431-433). The present study was conducted using knockout (KO) mice lacking expression of CYP1A2 (CYP1A2-/-) in order to investigate the role of CYP1A2 gene on the disposition of TCDD, 4-PeCDF (a dioxin-like PHAH), and PCB 153 (a nondioxin-like PCB) in KO (CYP1A2-/-) mice and age-matched parental mice strains (C57BL/6N: CYP1A2+/+, Ah(b/b) and 129/Sv: CYP1A2+/+, Ah(d/d)). Mice were dosed (25 microgram [(3)H]TCDD/kg, 300 microgram [(14)C]4-PeCDF/kg, or 35.8 mg [(14)C]PCB 153/kg bw in a corn oil vehicle) orally and terminated after 4 days. Residues of administered compounds in collected tissues and daily excreta were quantitated using (3)H or (14)C activity. Results demonstrated differential effects in disposition for the various treatments within the three genetically different groups of mice. In KO mice, TCDD, 4-PeCDF, and PCB 153 had very little hepatic localization of chemical, and the major depot was adipose tissue. In contrast, parental strains demonstrated hepatic sequestration of TCDD and 4-PeCDF, whereas disposition of PCB 153 in parental strains was similar to that in KO mice. Another difference between KO mice and parental strains was the enhanced urinary excretion of 4-PeCDF. This study demonstrates the importance of CYP1A2 in pharmacokinetic behavior and mechanistic issues for TCDD and related compounds. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Diliberto, J J AU - Burgin, D E AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/08/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 15 SP - 52 EP - 64 VL - 159 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Benzofurans -- pharmacokinetics KW - Benzofurans -- urine KW - Mice KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Mice, Inbred Strains -- genetics KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- pharmacokinetics KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- physiology KW - Environmental Pollutants -- urine KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69976286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+CYP1A2+on+disposition+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C+8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin%2C+2%2C3%2C4%2C7%2C8-pentachlorodibenzofuran%2C+and+2%2C2%27%2C4%2C4%27%2C5%2C5%27-hexachlorobiphenyl+in+CYP1A2+knockout+and+parental+%28C57BL%2F6N+and+129%2FSv%29+strains+of+mice.&rft.au=Diliberto%2C+J+J%3BBurgin%2C+D+E%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Diliberto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-15&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extracellular calcium is required for the polychlorinated biphenyl-induced increase of intracellular free calcium levels in cerebellar granule cell culture. AN - 70783192; 10499848 AB - Recent studies from the laboratory indicate that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners can alter signal transduction and calcium homeostasis in neuronal preparations. These effects were more pronounced for the ortho-substituted, non-coplanar congeners, although the mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. In the present study the time-course and concentration-dependent effects of coplanar and non-coplanar PCBs on intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cerebellar granule cell cultures were compared using the fluorescent probe fura-2. The ortho-substituted congeners 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl (DCB) and 2,2',4,6,6'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PeCB) caused a gradual increase of [Ca2+]i while the non-ortho-substituted congeners 4,4'-DCB and 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB had no effect. The increase of [Ca2+]i produced by 2,2'-DCB was time- and concentration-dependent. Further studies examined possible mechanisms for this rise in [Ca2+]i. In contrast to the muscarinic agonist carbachol, the effects of 2,2'-DCB on [Ca2+]i were not blocked by thapsigargin and required the presence of extracellular calcium. The effects of ortho-substituted PCBs may depend on their ability to inhibit calcium sequestration as 2,2'-DCB significantly inhibited 45Ca2+-uptake by microsomes and mitochondria while 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB had no effect. In addition, 2,2'-DCB significantly increased the binding of [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to receptors on cerebellar microsomes, suggesting another possible mechanism by which ortho-substituted PCBs can mobilize [Ca2+]i. These results show that PCBs increase [Ca2+]i in vitro via a mechanism that requires extracelluar calcium, and support previous structure-activity studies indicating that ortho-substituted PCBs are more potent than non-ortho-substituted PCBs. JF - Toxicology AU - Mundy, W R AU - Shafer, T J AU - Tilson, H A AU - Kodavanti, P R AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. mundy.william@epamail.epa.gov. Y1 - 1999/08/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 13 SP - 27 EP - 39 VL - 136 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Calcium Channels KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors KW - Muscarinic Agonists KW - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear KW - Thapsigargin KW - 67526-95-8 KW - Carbachol KW - 8Y164V895Y KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Calcium Channels -- metabolism KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Mitochondria, Liver -- metabolism KW - Mitochondria, Liver -- drug effects KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Thapsigargin -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear -- metabolism KW - Muscarinic Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Carbachol -- pharmacology KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Cerebellum -- cytology KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70783192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Extracellular+calcium+is+required+for+the+polychlorinated+biphenyl-induced+increase+of+intracellular+free+calcium+levels+in+cerebellar+granule+cell+culture.&rft.au=Mundy%2C+W+R%3BShafer%2C+T+J%3BTilson%2C+H+A%3BKodavanti%2C+P+R&rft.aulast=Mundy&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to urban air particulates alters the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response to respiratory viral infection. AN - 70040848; 10494914 AB - Epidemiology studies associate increased pulmonary morbidity with episodes of high particulate air pollution (size range 0.1-10 microm diameter, PM10). Pneumonia, often viral in origin, is increased following episodes of high PM10 pollution. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate how PM10 alters airway inflammatory responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a frequent cause of viral pneumonia in infants and the elderly. Supernatants of unexposed and PM10-exposed alveolar macrophage (AM) cultured with uninfected or RSV-infected airway epithelial cells were assessed for a number of chemokines responsible for inflammatory responses in the lung. AM exposure to PM10 in the absence of infection resulted in a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha production but not in MIP-1beta or monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1. AM responded to RSV infection by the production of IL-8, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and MCP-1, while RANTES was derived solely from the RSV-infected bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. In the presence of PM10, the AM response to RSV was blunted. RSV-induced MCP-1 was significantly decreased, and the levels of MIP-1 and IL-8 were lower than expected from a combined response to PM10 and RSV. Furthermore, AM analyzed for uptake of virus showed a 50% decrease in viral antigen when exposed to PM10 RSV-induced production of RANTES by epithelial cells was decreased in the presence of AM but not affected by PM10 exposure. Taken together, these results suggest that AM-regulated inflammatory responses to viral infection are altered by exposure to PM10 in a manner that may result in increased spread of infection and thus may increase viral pneumonia-related hospital admissions. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Becker, S AU - Soukup, J M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Human Studies Division, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. becker.susanne@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 13 SP - 445 EP - 457 VL - 57 IS - 7 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Chemokine CCL3 KW - 0 KW - Chemokine CCL4 KW - Cytokines KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Urban Health KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Cytokines -- immunology KW - Adult KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Adolescent KW - Cell Line KW - Air Pollution KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins -- immunology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections -- immunology KW - Pneumonia, Viral -- immunology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70040848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+urban+air+particulates+alters+the+macrophage-mediated+inflammatory+response+to+respiratory+viral+infection.&rft.au=Becker%2C+S%3BSoukup%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of aging on resistance to Trichinella spiralis infection in rodents exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin AN - 17343386; 4599724 AB - Immune function, including resistance to infection, decreases as humans and rodents age. We have shown that preinfection exposure of young (9-11 weeks) mice or rats to TCDD decreased resistance to Trichinella spiralis (Ts) infection, expressed as delayed onset or completion of parasite elimination and as increased muscle burdens of larvae. It has also been shown that aged mice express lower constitutive levels of resistance to Ts infection, compared to young adult animals. This study tested the hypothesis that the age-related decrease in constitutive levels of resistance to Ts infection exacerbates the decreased resistance to infection that follows TCDD exposure. This hypothesis addresses the concern that TCDD may pose a greater threat to the elderly than to the population at large. Animals were given a single oral dose of 1, 10, or 30 mu g TCDD/kg, 7 days before infection. Eleven days later, young ( approximately 10 weeks) control rodents had eliminated a greater proportion of the original parasite burden from the intestine than aged control animals. Nevertheless, parasite elimination was decreased by TCDD exposure only in young rodents. The effect of TCDD exposure on numbers of encysted larvae was evaluated only in rats. Increased larvae burdens occurred in young rats at 30 mu g TCDD/kg and at 10 or 30 mu g TCDD/kg in aged rats. Parasite-specific splenocyte and lymph node cell proliferation was suppressed following dioxin exposure in young mice; cells from aged mice were markedly less responsive to stimulation, yet less sensitive to TCDD exposure. The response to parasite antigens was not affected in aged rats exposed to TCDD, although elevated mitogen-driven B-cell proliferation was observed. These results indicate that age-related constitutive immunosuppression did not exacerbate TCDD-induced suppression of T-cell mediated adult parasite expulsion; rather, advanced age provided some degree of protection. On the other hand, a lower dose of TCDD was required in aged rats to suppress the combined humoral and cellular responses that limit the burden of encysted larvae, compared to young rats. These model-dependent results preclude acceptance or rejection of the tested hypothesis. JF - Toxicology AU - Luebke, R W AU - Copeland, C B AU - Andrews, D L AD - Immunotoxicology Branch, Experimental Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, luebke.robert@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/13/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 13 SP - 15 EP - 26 VL - 136 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - mice KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Trichinella spiralis KW - Aging KW - TCDD KW - Immunity KW - Immune response KW - X 24151:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17343386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+aging+on+resistance+to+Trichinella+spiralis+infection+in+rodents+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin&rft.au=Luebke%2C+R+W%3BCopeland%2C+C+B%3BAndrews%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Luebke&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichinella spiralis; Immune response; Immunity; TCDD; Aging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term performance monitoring for a permeable reactive barrier at the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center, Elizabeth City, North Carolina. AN - 70857886; 10518667 AB - A continuous hanging iron wall was installed in June, 1996, at the U. S. Coast Guard (USCG) Support Center near Elizabeth City, NC, United States, to treat overlapping plumes of chromate and chlorinated solvent compounds. The wall was emplaced using a continuous trenching machine whereby native soil and aquifer sediment was removed and the iron simultaneously emplaced in one continuous excavation and fill operation. To date, there have been seven rounds (November 1996, March 1997, June 1997, September 1997, December 1997, March 1998, and June 1998) of performance monitoring of the wall. At this time, this is the only full-scale continuous 'hanging' wall installed as a permeable reactive barrier to remediate both chlorinated solvent compounds and chromate in groundwater. Performance monitoring entails the following: sampling of 10-5 cm PVC compliance wells and 15 multi-level samplers for the following constituents: TCE, cis-dichloroethylene (c-DCE), vinyl chloride, ethane, ethene, acetylene, methane, major anions, metals, Cr(VI), Fe(II), total sulfides, dissolved H(2), Eh, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, alkalinity, and turbidity. Electrical conductivity profiles have been conducted using a Geoprobe to verify emplacement of the continuous wall as designed and to locate upgradient and downgradient wall interfaces for coring purposes. Coring has been conducted in November, 1996, in June and September, 1997, and March, 1998, to evaluate the rate of corrosion on the iron surfaces, precipitate buildup (particularly at the upgradient interface), and permeability changes due to wall emplacement. In addition to several continuous vertical cores, angled cores through the 0.6-m thick wall have been collected to capture upgradient and downgradient wall interfaces along approximate horizontal flow paths for mineralogic analyses. JF - Journal of hazardous materials AU - Puls, R W AU - Blowes, D W AU - Gillham, R W AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, USEPA Subsurface Protection and Remediation Division, Ada, OK, USA. puls.robert@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 12 SP - 109 EP - 124 VL - 68 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Permeability KW - Rheology KW - Equipment Design KW - Military Personnel KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Water Movements KW - North Carolina KW - Corrosion KW - Equipment Failure KW - Time Factors KW - Solvents -- chemistry KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- analysis KW - Fresh Water KW - Solvents -- analysis KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- chemistry KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70857886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.atitle=Long-term+performance+monitoring+for+a+permeable+reactive+barrier+at+the+U.S.+Coast+Guard+Support+Center%2C+Elizabeth+City%2C+North+Carolina.&rft.au=Puls%2C+R+W%3BBlowes%2C+D+W%3BGillham%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Puls&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-12&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of modelling techniques for small mammal diversity AN - 17382300; 4595647 AB - Development pressures frequently dictate that managers' need to make decisions about which local sites will be developed and which will be protected. When management for diversity is the goal, it would be helpful if models could aid these decisions. We compared three methods for modelling site-specific small mammal diversity at 48 0.58-ha study sites distributed within six habitats in foothills of the Sacramento Mountains, south-central New Mexico, spring and fall, 1993-1994. Methods included; 1) direct richness prediction with discriminant analysis (classification success rate of 15.1%, mean error = 1.6 species), 2) prediction of richness based upon expected species-specific habitat suitability with discriminant analysis (classification success rate 20.3%, mean error = 1.6 species), and 3) prediction of relative richness (high vs. low) (classification success rate = 91.1%). The mean error of methods 1 and 2 (1.6 species) exceeds the difference known to distinguish high richness habitats from low (1.3 species) in this ecosystem. Therefore, we conclude that the appropriate conceptual technique for modelling diversity is to proceed by distinguishing high and low diversity habitats. We found this technique preferable when compared to pursuit of error-prone models for actual richness that have mean errors larger than those known to characterize the system. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Jorgensen, EE AU - Demarais, S AD - USEPA, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74829, USA, jorgensen.eric@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 03 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Mammals KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecosystem analysis KW - Planning KW - Species diversity KW - Mammalia KW - Species richness KW - Models KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17382300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+modelling+techniques+for+small+mammal+diversity&rft.au=Jorgensen%2C+EE%3BDemarais%2C+S&rft.aulast=Jorgensen&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1999-08-03&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0304-3800%2899%2900054-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammalia; Species diversity; Species richness; Ecosystem analysis; Planning; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00054-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Areal studies aid protection of ground-water quality in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin AN - 742891436; 2000-080175 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Mills, Patrick C AU - Kay, Robert T AU - Brown, Timothy A AU - Yeskis, Douglas J Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 12 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - preferential flow KW - ground water KW - fractures KW - transport KW - Galena-Platteville Aquifer KW - Indiana KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Wisconsin KW - USGS KW - geochemistry KW - Superfund sites KW - protection KW - Illinois KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - organic compounds KW - industrial waste KW - trichloroethylene KW - trace metals KW - waste disposal KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742891436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Mills%2C+Patrick+C%3BKay%2C+Robert+T%3BBrown%2C+Timothy+A%3BYeskis%2C+Douglas+J&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Areal+studies+aid+protection+of+ground-water+quality+in+Illinois%2C+Indiana%2C+and+Wisconsin&rft.title=Areal+studies+aid+protection+of+ground-water+quality+in+Illinois%2C+Indiana%2C+and+Wisconsin&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://il.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wrir98_4143.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; fractures; Galena-Platteville Aquifer; geochemistry; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; hazardous waste; hydrochemistry; Illinois; Indiana; industrial waste; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; preferential flow; protection; Superfund sites; tetrachloroethylene; trace metals; transport; trichloroethylene; United States; USGS; waste disposal; Wisconsin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrobenzene potential human cancer risk based on animal studies. AN - 70036283; 10487356 AB - Inhaled nitrobenzene (NB) in animals produces cancer at eight sites in three rodent strains. B6C3F1 mice respond with mammary gland malignant tumors and male lung and thyroid benign tumors, and F344/N male rats respond with liver malignant tumors and thyroid and kidney benign tumors, while females respond with endometrial polyps. Male Sprague-Dawley male rats (CD strain) respond with liver benign tumors. NB is oxidized to various phenolic metabolites, while also being reduced to nitrosobenzene (NOB), phenylhydroxylamine (PH), related free radicals, and aniline (AN) in the cecum by bacteria and in the body by the microsomes. In reduction, NB first forms the nitroanion free radical, which can react with O2 to form O2*-. Repeated NB dosing produces a persistent redox couple NOBPH in red blood cells that generates met-Hb and expends NAD(P)H. NOB forms activated glutathione conjugates. These biochemical effects may lead to critical redox imbalances and macromolecular binding. Known effects are hemosiderosis, methemoglobinemia, and anemia--and now dispersed cancer in rodents. Based on structural and mechanistic similarities, NB compares with other animal and human carcinogenic nitroarenes and aromatic amines. The cancer hazard evaluation of NB is that it is a probable human carcinogen by any route of exposure. The maximum response is in F344/N male rats which is used for dose-response modelling. The model to estimate the upper 95% confidence limit (UCL95%) of NB human carcinogenicity is a no-threshold, linear low-dose, and multistaged animal model (LMS). The UCL95% of cancer slope is estimated to be 0.11(6) mg/kg/day (mkd). At de minimus risk (1:10(6)), the virtually safe dose (VSD) is estimated to be 9.1 ng/kg/day (nkd). JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Holder, J W AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. holder.james@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 458 EP - 463 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Nitrobenzenes KW - 0 KW - nitrobenzene KW - E57JCN6SSY KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Mice KW - Models, Biological KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Nitrobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Nitrobenzenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70036283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Nitrobenzene+potential+human+cancer+risk+based+on+animal+studies.&rft.au=Holder%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Holder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce. AN - 69955182; 10448779 AB - An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in Connecticut and Illinois during May 28 to June 27, 1996, was investigated to determine the source of infections. Independent case-control studies were performed in both states. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on E. coli O157:H7 isolates. A case-patient was defined as a Connecticut or northern Illinois resident with diarrhea whose stool culture yielded E. coli O157:H7 of the outbreak-associated PFGE subtype. Controls were town-, age-, and sex-matched to case-patients. We traced implicated lettuce to the farm level and performed environmental investigations to identify unsafe lettuce production practices. In Connecticut and Illinois, infection was associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce (Connecticut matched odds ratio [MOR], undefined; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to infinity; and Illinois MOR, undefined; 95% CI, 1.4 to infinity). We traced implicated lettuce to a single grower-processor. Cattle, a known E. coli O157:H7 reservoir, were found near the lettuce fields. Escherichia coli (an indicator of fecal contamination) was cultured from wash water and finished lettuce. A trace-forward investigation identified 3 additional states that received implicated lettuce; E. coli O157:H7 isolates from patients in 1 of these states matched the outbreak-associated PFGE subtype. This multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections was associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce from a single producer. Molecular subtyping facilitated the epidemiological investigation. This investigation increased the knowledge about current production practices that may contribute to the contamination of lettuce by microbial pathogens. Lettuce production practices should be monitored for microbiological safety. JF - Archives of internal medicine AU - Hilborn, E D AU - Mermin, J H AU - Mshar, P A AU - Hadler, J L AU - Voetsch, A AU - Wojtkunski, C AU - Swartz, M AU - Mshar, R AU - Lambert-Fair, M A AU - Farrar, J A AU - Glynn, M K AU - Slutsker, L AD - Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. hilborn.e@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 1758 EP - 1764 VL - 159 IS - 15 SN - 0003-9926, 0003-9926 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Illinois -- epidemiology KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Connecticut -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lettuce -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69955182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=A+multistate+outbreak+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+infections+associated+with+consumption+of+mesclun+lettuce.&rft.au=Hilborn%2C+E+D%3BMermin%2C+J+H%3BMshar%2C+P+A%3BHadler%2C+J+L%3BVoetsch%2C+A%3BWojtkunski%2C+C%3BSwartz%2C+M%3BMshar%2C+R%3BLambert-Fair%2C+M+A%3BFarrar%2C+J+A%3BGlynn%2C+M+K%3BSlutsker%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hilborn&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1758&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00039926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of nitrogen dioxide on respiratory viral infection in airway epithelial cells. AN - 69952430; 10433848 AB - Nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) is a common air pollutant outdoors and indoors in homes with unvented combustion sources. It is also a constituent of tobacco smoke. Epidemiological studies suggest that children exposed to NO(2), or living with smoking parents, have an increased incidence of respiratory viral infections. The most common virus causing severe respiratory symptoms in infants and young children is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In the present study we investigated whether NO(2) exposure affects RSV infection in airway epithelial cells, the host cells for viral replication and virus-induced cytokine production. Cultures of the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B exposed to 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm NO(2) for 60 min were infected with RSV. Viral replication, as well as RSV-induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, was assessed at various times postinfection. The NO(2) doses used were not toxic to the BEAS-2B cells as measured by release of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). The internalization of RSV was increased by exposure to 0.5 ppm NO(2) and decreased by exposure to 1.5 ppm NO(2). On the other hand, the release of infectious virus 48 h postexposure was not affected by the two lower doses of NO(2), but was significantly reduced in cells exposed to 1.5 ppm NO(2). Virus-induced cytokine production was also significantly reduced in cells exposed to 1.5 ppm NO(2), and not affected by 0.5 and 1.0 ppm. It is likely that the decrease in cytokine production is related to the decrease in viral burden. These data suggest that possible increases in viral clinical symptoms associated with NO(2) may not be caused by increased susceptibility of the epithelial cells to infection but may result from effects of NO(2) on host defenses that prevent the spread of virus. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Environmental research AU - Becker, S AU - Soukup, J M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. becker.susannne@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 159 EP - 166 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - S7G510RUBH KW - Index Medicus KW - Epithelial Cells -- virology KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Virus Replication -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Epithelial Cells -- immunology KW - Cell Line KW - Respiratory Syncytial Viruses -- drug effects KW - Nitrogen Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Bronchi -- virology KW - Bronchi -- drug effects KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Bronchi -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69952430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+nitrogen+dioxide+on+respiratory+viral+infection+in+airway+epithelial+cells.&rft.au=Becker%2C+S%3BSoukup%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical modeling of water flow below dry salt lakes; effect of capillarity and viscosity AN - 52436378; 1999-062973 AB - We investigate numerically the effects of capillarity and viscosity on density-dependent flows below dry salt lakes. The numerical model, MARUN (Boufadel, M. C., Suidan, M. T., Venosa, A. D., 1999a. A numerical model for density-and-viscosity-dependent flows in two-dimensional variably-saturated media. J. Contam. Hydrol., 37, 1-20) is used to assess the combined and separate effects of capillarity and concentration-engendered viscosity on the groundwater dynamics of a two-dimensional system simulating a dry lake. We found that accounting for concentration-engendered viscosity effects under saturated water flow conditions gives totally different groundwater dynamics from the case where these effects are neglected. However, concentration-dependent viscosity effects were minor when unsaturated water flow conditions were present. Under variably-saturated flow conditions, capillarity effects gave totally different hydraulics in the porous domain from the saturated flow case; upwelling regions observed under saturated flow conditions were downwelling when capillarity effects were present. A mesh orientation study revealed that density-dependent flows were susceptible to the orientation of the diagonals of the triangular elements. A discussion on the accuracy and the efficiency of the MARUN model in the context of density- and viscosity-dependent flows in two-dimensional variably-saturated media is also provided. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Boufadel, M C AU - Suidan, M T AU - Venosa, A D Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 55 EP - 74 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 221 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - terrestrial environment KW - dry lakes KW - salt lakes KW - numerical models KW - density KW - MARUN KW - arid environment KW - statistical analysis KW - semi-arid environment KW - data processing KW - porous materials KW - capillarity KW - salinity KW - evaporites KW - two-dimensional models KW - ground water KW - finite element analysis KW - sedimentary rocks KW - digital simulation KW - theoretical models KW - hydrodynamics KW - salt KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52436378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Numerical+modeling+of+water+flow+below+dry+salt+lakes%3B+effect+of+capillarity+and+viscosity&rft.au=Boufadel%2C+M+C%3BSuidan%2C+M+T%3BVenosa%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Boufadel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; capillarity; chemically precipitated rocks; data processing; density; digital simulation; dry lakes; evaporites; finite element analysis; ground water; hydrodynamics; MARUN; numerical models; porous materials; salinity; salt; salt lakes; sedimentary rocks; semi-arid environment; statistical analysis; terrestrial environment; theoretical models; two-dimensional models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil calcium status and the response of stream chemistry to changing acidic deposition rates AN - 52434016; 1999-066365 AB - Despite a decreasing trend in acidic deposition rates over the past two to three decades, acidified surface waters in the northeastern United States have shown minimal changes. Depletion of soil Ca pools has been suggested as a cause, although changes in soil Ca pools have not been directly related to long-term records of stream chemistry. To investigate this problem, a comprehensive watershed study was conducted in the Neversink River Basin, in the Catskill Mountains of New York, during 1991-1996. Spatial variations of atmospheric deposition, soil chemistry, and stream chemistry were evaluated over an elevation range of 817-1234 m to determine whether these factors exhibited elevational patterns. An increase in atmospheric deposition of SO (sub 4) with increasing elevation corresponded with upslope decreases of exchangeable soil base concentrations and acid-neutralizing capacity of stream water. Exchangeable base concentrations in homogeneous soil incubated within the soil profile for one year also decreased with increasing elevation. An elevational gradient in precipitation was not observed, and effects of a temperature gradient on soil properties were not detected. Laboratory leaching experiments with soils from this watershed showed that (1) concentrations of Ca in leachate increased as the concentrations of acid anions in added solution increased, and (2) the slope of this relationship was positively correlated with base saturation. Field and laboratory soil analyses are consistent with the interpretation that decreasing trends in acid-neutralizing capacity in stream water in the Neversink Basin, dating back to 1984, are the result of decreases in soil base saturation caused by acidic deposition. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Lawrence, Gregory B AU - David, Mark B AU - Lovett, Gary M AU - Murdoch, Peter S AU - Burns, Douglas A AU - Stoddard, John L AU - Baldigo, Barry P AU - Porter, James H AU - Thompson, Andrew W Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 1059 EP - 1072 PB - Ecological Society of America, Tempe, AZ VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - United States KW - calcium KW - rivers and streams KW - watersheds KW - Neversink River basin KW - Appalachians KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - Catskill Mountains KW - stream gradient KW - geochemistry KW - rain KW - pH KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - alkaline earth metals KW - sulfate ion KW - elevation KW - Winnisook Watershed KW - rates KW - hydrochemistry KW - acid rain KW - New York KW - metals KW - leaching KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52434016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Soil+calcium+status+and+the+response+of+stream+chemistry+to+changing+acidic+deposition+rates&rft.au=Lawrence%2C+Gregory+B%3BDavid%2C+Mark+B%3BLovett%2C+Gary+M%3BMurdoch%2C+Peter+S%3BBurns%2C+Douglas+A%3BStoddard%2C+John+L%3BBaldigo%2C+Barry+P%3BPorter%2C+James+H%3BThompson%2C+Andrew+W&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1059&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - PubXState - AZ N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid rain; alkaline earth metals; Appalachians; atmospheric precipitation; calcium; Catskill Mountains; elevation; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; hydrology; leaching; metals; Neversink River basin; New York; North America; pH; rain; rates; rivers and streams; soils; stream gradient; sulfate ion; United States; watersheds; Winnisook Watershed ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of organic contaminant toxicity from sediments; early work toward development of a toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) method AN - 52373806; 2000-026550 JF - Chemosphere (Oxford) AU - Lebo, J A AU - Huckins, J N AU - Petty, J D AU - Ho, K T Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 389 EP - 406 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - soils KW - biodegradation KW - toxic materials KW - sorption KW - experimental studies KW - desorption KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - remediation KW - physical properties KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - toxicity KW - chemical reactions KW - decontamination KW - identification KW - sediments KW - chemical composition KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52373806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere+%28Oxford%29&rft.atitle=Removal+of+organic+contaminant+toxicity+from+sediments%3B+early+work+toward+development+of+a+toxicity+identification+evaluation+%28TIE%29+method&rft.au=Lebo%2C+J+A%3BHuckins%2C+J+N%3BPetty%2C+J+D%3BHo%2C+K+T&rft.aulast=Lebo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere+%28Oxford%29&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00456535 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CMSHAF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioavailability; biodegradation; chemical composition; chemical reactions; decontamination; desorption; detection; experimental studies; identification; monitoring; organic compounds; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sediments; soils; sorption; toxic materials; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Storage duration and temperature and the acute toxicities of estuarine sediments to Mysidopsis bahia and Leptocheirus plumulosus AN - 52280216; 2001-004459 JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Norton, B L AU - Lewis, M A AU - Mayer, F L Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 157 EP - 166 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York, NY VL - 63 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - United States KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - benthic taxa KW - pollutants KW - data acquisition KW - data processing KW - pollution KW - Pensacola Florida KW - bioassays KW - Escambia County Florida KW - Pensacola Bay KW - Florida KW - environmental analysis KW - bioaccumulation KW - nutrients KW - dredging KW - sample preparation KW - toxicity KW - sediments KW - estuarine environment KW - sediment quality KW - storage KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52280216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Storage+duration+and+temperature+and+the+acute+toxicities+of+estuarine+sediments+to+Mysidopsis+bahia+and+Leptocheirus+plumulosus&rft.au=Norton%2C+B+L%3BLewis%2C+M+A%3BMayer%2C+F+L&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101156 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - benthic taxa; bioaccumulation; bioassays; concentration; data acquisition; data processing; dredging; environmental analysis; Escambia County Florida; estuarine environment; Florida; nutrients; Pensacola Bay; Pensacola Florida; pollutants; pollution; sample preparation; sediment quality; sediments; storage; toxic materials; toxicity; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The value of historical imagery AN - 51174164; 2002-023214 JF - Earth Observation Magazine AU - Slonecker, Terrence AU - Lacerte, Mary J AU - Garofalo, Donald Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 39 EP - 41 PB - EOM, Inc., Littleton, CO VL - 8 IS - 6 SN - 1076-3430, 1076-3430 KW - thematic mapper KW - imagery KW - archaeology KW - technology KW - monitoring KW - three-dimensional models KW - Superfund KW - Oman KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - mapping KW - satellite methods KW - Arabian Peninsula KW - Landsat KW - Ubar Oman KW - aerial photography KW - applications KW - waste disposal KW - Asia KW - SPOT KW - remote sensing KW - airborne methods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51174164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Observation+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+value+of+historical+imagery&rft.au=Slonecker%2C+Terrence%3BLacerte%2C+Mary+J%3BGarofalo%2C+Donald&rft.aulast=Slonecker&rft.aufirst=Terrence&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Observation+Magazine&rft.issn=10763430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerial photography; airborne methods; applications; Arabian Peninsula; archaeology; Asia; government agencies; imagery; Landsat; mapping; monitoring; Oman; remote sensing; satellite methods; SPOT; Superfund; technology; thematic mapper; three-dimensional models; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; Ubar Oman; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Summary of Airborne Concentrations of Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutants in the Northeastern United States AN - 20626438; 4605951 AB - Airborne concentrations of SO sub(2), SO sub(4) super(2-), HNO sub(3), NO sub(3) super(-), NH sub(4) super(+), and O sub(3) were monitored over the six-year period from September 1, 1989, through August 31, 1995, at 10 largely rural Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) sites in the northeastern United States. Each of the sulfur- and nitrogen-containing air pollutants monitored by CASTNet displays regular, seasonal cyclical behavior and also exhibits a relatively strong high-to-low spatial concentration gradient from southwest to northeast. On average, more than 70% of the measured airborne sulfur is present as SO sub(2), except during the summer, when the figure drops to about 50%. During the summer, the SO sub(2) concentration is the lowest, SO sub(4) super(2-) is the highest, and the fraction of airborne sulfur present as SO sub(4) super(2-) varies considerably with location, ranging from an average of 42% at five sites in Pennsylvania to 70% at two sites in New England. Studywide, more than 70% of the measured, oxidized, airborne nitrogen (N) is present as HNO sub(3), except during the winter, when the figure drops to about 60%. The concentrations of gaseous SO sub(2) and HNO sub(3) are usually comparable but not always larger than the corresponding concentrations of measured sulfur and nitrogen aerosols. Nevertheless, the relatively faster deposition velocities for gases are sufficient to ensure that SO sub(2) and HNO sub(3) are usually the dominant contributors to dry sulfur and nitrogen deposition. Observed changes of 1990-1995 annual average airborne sulfur and N concentrations at 10 CASTNet sites in the Northeast are generally consistent with changes in emissions estimated to have occurred in the Northeast over the same period. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Sickles, JE II AD - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 882 EP - 893 VL - 49 IS - 8 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - USA, Northeast KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Air pollution KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Sulfur compounds KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - Seasonal variations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20626438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=A+Summary+of+Airborne+Concentrations+of+Sulfur-+and+Nitrogen-Containing+Pollutants+in+the+Northeastern+United+States&rft.au=Sickles%2C+JE+II&rft.aulast=Sickles&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=882&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Pollution monitoring; Pollutant deposition; Nitrogen compounds; Sulfur compounds; Seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ion exchange softening: effects on metal concentrations AN - 17608916; 4741858 AB - It's common knowledge that naturally soft water is generally corrosive to plumbing materials, so the assumption has been that home water softeners contribute to corrosivity in water. As this article points out, however, what may be true for naturally soft water may not be true for water that is softened by ion exchange (IE). Naturally soft groundwater is low in calcium, magnesium, and total dissolved solids (TDS) and usually has a low pH. Water softeners exchange sodium for calcium and magnesium and do not change the TDS concentration, pH, and other general water quality parameters that are characteristic of naturally soft water. The authors compared concentrations of metals leaching from materials exposed to IE-softened water and nonsoftened water and found no pattern of increased leaching with the softened water. They concluded that use of household water softeners will not necessarily increase leaching of lead and copper from home plumbing materials. Because only two water sources were used in the study and many chemical and physical characteristics affect corrosiveness, results cannot be extrapolated to all water sources. But the findings underline the need to look behind the "common knowledge" for a better understanding of corrosion control factors in the application of IE technology. JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association AU - Sorg, T J AU - Schock, M R AU - Lytle, DA AD - Water Supply and Water Resources Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, USEPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 85 EP - 97 VL - 91 IS - 8 SN - 0003-150X, 0003-150X KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Softening of water KW - Pipes KW - Leaching KW - Calcium KW - Plumbing KW - Pipes (see also Conduits, Drains, Pipelines, Sewers) KW - Water treatment KW - Water Softening KW - Ion Exchange KW - Groundwater (see also Aquifers) KW - Corrosion KW - Water Treatment KW - Magnesium KW - Groundwater KW - Ion exchange KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17608916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=Ion+exchange+softening%3A+effects+on+metal+concentrations&rft.au=Sorg%2C+T+J%3BSchock%2C+M+R%3BLytle%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Sorg&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=0003150X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ion Exchange; Water Softening; Plumbing; Water Treatment; Groundwater; Calcium; Magnesium; Leaching; Pipes; Corrosion; Ion exchange; Softening of water; Water treatment; Groundwater (see also Aquifers); Pipes (see also Conduits, Drains, Pipelines, Sewers) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Sewage on Two Bioindicators at Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia AN - 17507836; 4698411 AB - The effect of secondary treated sewage discharged from a recently commissioned extended ocean outfall at Boulder Bay, New South Wales, Australia on two bioindicators (oysters and kelp) was examined. Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea commercialis Iredale and Roughley, were deployed at the study outfall location and control locations for three months after which time they were retrieved and analysed for trace metal and organochlorine concentrations. This process was repeated every six months on a total of eight sampling times, three times before and five times after the commissioning of the extended ocean outfall. The abundance and recruitment of adult and juvenile kelp plants, Ecklonia radiata were also investigated. At the outfall and control locations counts were made for a total of three periods, one before and two after the commissioning of the outfall. Within each period kelp abundance was determined on three random occasions. Univariate statistics were used to test the hypothesis of an outfall effect over and above variation between the control locations. Only three organochlorines (technical chlordane and the DDT metabolites DDE and DDD) were detected in oysters across the entire sampling period. Due to the low frequency or low mean concentrations of organochlorines an impact versus control comparison was not feasible for this study. Mean concentrations of trace metals in oysters were highly variable across all sampling periods. No obvious changes in the contaminant concentrations were noticed over time. Statistical comparisons of the data collected before and after commissioning of the extended ocean outfall revealed no short-term differences in trace metal concentrations between outfall and control locations. Analysis of variance results for both adult and juvenile kelp abundance revealed no outfall effect over and above the variation found at control locations. Student Newman-Keuls tests, however, revealed a significantly higher abundance of both adult and juvenile kelp plants immediately after the commissioning of the outfall. The value of these bioindicators for detecting impacts at small secondary treated outfalls is discussed. JF - Ecotoxicology AU - Ajani, P A AU - Roberts, DE AU - Smith, A K AU - Krogh, M AD - Water Studies Section, NSW Environment Protection Authority, Locked Bag 1502, Bankstown, NSW, 2200, Australia, ajanip@epa.nsw.gov.au Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 253 EP - 267 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0963-9292, 0963-9292 KW - Australia, New South Wales, Port Stephens KW - Ecklonia radiata KW - Saccostrea commercialis KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Ocean dumping KW - Marine Environment KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Heavy metals KW - Pollution effects KW - Kelps KW - Wastewater Pollution KW - Sewage disposal KW - PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Port Stephens KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Sampling KW - Outfall KW - Seaweeds KW - Bioindicators KW - Marine KW - Chlorine compounds KW - Chlordane KW - Recruitment KW - DDE KW - Aquatic plants KW - Pesticides (organochlorine) KW - Waste treatment KW - Bivalvia KW - Outfalls KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Sewage KW - Marine pollution KW - Oysters KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - DDT KW - Pesticides KW - PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Boulder Bay KW - Marine molluscs KW - Algal settlements KW - Trace metals KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17507836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Sewage+on+Two+Bioindicators+at+Port+Stephens%2C+New+South+Wales%2C+Australia&rft.au=Ajani%2C+P+A%3BRoberts%2C+DE%3BSmith%2C+A+K%3BKrogh%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ajani&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=09639292&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1008973014872 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heavy metals; Chlorine compounds; DDE; Recruitment; Pollution effects; Kelps; Outfalls; Sewage disposal; Bioaccumulation; Pesticides; DDT; Marine molluscs; Seaweeds; Algal settlements; Marine pollution; Sewage; Chlordane; Pesticides (organochlorine); Waste treatment; Sampling; Trace metals; Ocean dumping; Bivalvia; Bioindicators; Organochlorine compounds; Aquatic plants; Marine Environment; Oysters; Water Pollution Effects; Statistical Analysis; Outfall; Wastewater Pollution; PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Port Stephens; PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Boulder Bay; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008973014872 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noise impact from motor sport activities AN - 17451964; 4661884 AB - A summary of the noise data obtained from a survey of a go-kart and motocross track situated south of Perth, Western Australia (W.A.) conducted for the Town Planning Department of W.A. is presented in this paper. Also described are the results of noise monitoring of motor sport in Queensland as a result of complaints registered with the Department of Environment and Heritage or local governments. Track-side noise measurements, existing and proposed acceptable receptor noise levels remote from tracks, are presented. Two environmental noise modelling techniques are applied to the racing track facilities and predicted results compared with actual recorded levels. JF - Noise Control Engineering Journal AU - Roberts, C AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Monitoring and Modelling Unit, Environmental and Technical Services, GPO Box 155, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 154 EP - 157 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0736-2501, 0736-2501 KW - Australia, Western Australia KW - motor sport KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution surveys KW - Recreation areas KW - Noise pollution KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 7000:NOISE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17451964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noise+Control+Engineering+Journal&rft.atitle=Noise+impact+from+motor+sport+activities&rft.au=Roberts%2C+C&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Noise+Control+Engineering+Journal&rft.issn=07362501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noise pollution; Pollution surveys; Recreation areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban Wet-Weather Flow AN - 17449913; 4660220 JF - Water Environment Research AU - O'Connor, T P AU - Field, R AU - Fischer, D AU - Rovansek, R AU - Pitt, R AU - Clark, S AU - Lama, M AD - U.S. EPA's Wet-Weather Flow Research Program, Urban Watershed Management Branch (UWMB), Water Supply & Water Resources Division (WSWRD), National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 559 EP - 583 VL - 71 IS - 5 SN - 1061-4303, 1061-4303 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollutants KW - Reviews KW - Water Quality KW - Precipitation KW - Highways KW - Runoff KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17449913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+Research&rft.atitle=Urban+Wet-Weather+Flow&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+T+P%3BField%2C+R%3BFischer%2C+D%3BRovansek%2C+R%3BPitt%2C+R%3BClark%2C+S%3BLama%2C+M&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+Research&rft.issn=10614303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Runoff; Highways; Precipitation; Water Quality; Pollutants; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrobenzene carcinogenicity in animals and human hazard evaluation AN - 17390182; 4606426 AB - Nitrobenzene (NB) human cancer studies have not been reported, but animals studies have. Three rodent strains inhaling NB produce cancer at eight sites. B6C3F1 mice respond with mammary gland malignant tumors and male lung and thyroid benign tumors, F344/N male rats respond with liver malignant tumors and thyroid and kidney benign tumors, while females respond with endometrial polyps. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (CD strain) respond with liver benign tumors. NB is oxidized to various phenolic metabolites, while also being reduced in 7he cecum and systemically in the microsomes to nitrosobenzene (NOB), phenylhydroxylamine (PH), related free radicals, and aniline (AN). Based on structural and mechanistic similarities, NB compares with other animal and human carcinogenic nitroarenes and aromatic amines. Reduced NB first forms the nitroanion free radical, which can react with O sub(2) to form superoxide O sub(2). Repeated NB dosing produces a persistent redox couple in red blood cells (RBCs) that generates met-Hb and expends NAD(P)H. NOB forms activated glutathione (GSH) conjugates. These biochemical effects may lead to critical redox imbalances and macromolecular binding. Known NB effects are hemosiderosis, methemoglobinemia, and anemia - and now dispersed cancer in rodents. On the basis of animal, metabolic and structure-activity studies, NB is determined to be a probable human carcinogen by any route of exposure. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Holder, J W AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., 8623-D, Washington, DC 20460, USA, holder.james@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 445 EP - 457 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - mice KW - rats KW - man KW - nitrobenzene KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Glutathione KW - Superoxide KW - Free radicals KW - Carcinogenesis KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17390182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Nitrobenzene+carcinogenicity+in+animals+and+human+hazard+evaluation&rft.au=Holder%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Holder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenesis; Free radicals; Glutathione; Superoxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of DNA arrays to toxicology AN - 17387295; 4605146 AB - DNA array technology makes it possible to rapidly genotype individuals or quantify the expression of thousands of genes on a single filter or glass slide, and holds enormous potential in toxicologic applications. This potential led to a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-sponsored workshop titled "Application of Microarrays to Toxicology" on 7-8 January 1999 in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. In addition to providing state-of-the-art information on the application of DNA or gene microarrays, the workshop catalyzed the formation of several collaborations, committees, and user's groups throughout the Research Triangle Park area and beyond. Potential application of microarrays to toxicologic research and risk assessment include genome-wide expression analyses to identify gene-expression networks and toxicant-specific signatures that can be used to define mode of action, for exposure assessment, and for environmental monitoring. Arrays may also prove useful for monitoring genetic variability and its relationship to toxicant susceptibility in human populations. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rockett, J C AU - Dix, D J AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division (MD-72), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA, rockett.john@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 681 EP - 685 VL - 107 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - DNA arrays KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Genetic variance KW - Conferences KW - Genotype-environment interactions KW - DNA KW - X 24270:Proceedings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Application+of+DNA+arrays+to+toxicology&rft.au=Rockett%2C+J+C%3BDix%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Rockett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conferences; DNA; Risk assessment; Genetic variance; Genotype-environment interactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Excretion of arsenic in urine as a function of exposure to arsenic in drinking water AN - 17387253; 4605143 AB - Urinary arsenic (As) concentrations were evaluated as a biomarker of exposure in a U.S. population chronically exposed to inorganic As (InAs) in their drinking water. Ninety-six individuals who consumed drinking water with As concentrations of 8-620 mu g/L provided first morning urine voids for up to 5 consecutive days. The study population was 56% male, and 44% was younger than 18 years of age. On one day of the study period, all voided urines were collected over a 24-hr period. Arsenic intake from drinking water was estimated from daily food diaries. Comparison between the concentration of As in individual urine voids with that in the 24-hr urine collection indicated that the concentration of As in urine was stable throughout the day. Comparison of the concentration of As in each first morning urine void over the 5-day study period indicated that there was little day-to-day variation in the concentration of As in urine. The concentration of As in drinking water was a better predictor of the concentration of As in urine than was the estimated intake of As from drinking water. The concentration of As in urine did not vary by gender. An age-dependent difference in the concentration of As in urine may be attributed to the higher As dosage rate per unit body weight in children than in adults. These findings suggest that the analysis of a small number of urine samples may be adequate to estimate an individual's exposure to InAs from drinking water and that the determination of the concentration of InAs in a drinking water supply may be a useful surrogate for estimating exposure to this metalloid. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Calderon, R L AU - Hudgens, E AU - Le, X C AU - Schreinemachers, D AU - Thomas, D J AD - Human Studies Division, NHEERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA, Calderon.Rebecca@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 663 EP - 667 VL - 107 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - excretion KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Water quality KW - Bioindicators KW - Arsenic KW - Urine KW - Excretion KW - Drinking water KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Excretion+of+arsenic+in+urine+as+a+function+of+exposure+to+arsenic+in+drinking+water&rft.au=Calderon%2C+R+L%3BHudgens%2C+E%3BLe%2C+X+C%3BSchreinemachers%2C+D%3BThomas%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Calderon&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; Drinking water; Urine; Excretion; Water quality; Arsenic ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Saturation units for use in aquatic bioassays AN - 17381598; 4601459 AB - Methods were developed for preparing liquid/liquid and glass wool column saturators for generating chemical stock solutions for conducting aquatic bioassays. Exposures have been conducted using several species of fish, invertebrate, and mollusks in static and flow-through conditions using these methods. Stock solutions for 82 organic chemicals were prepared using these saturation units. The primary purpose of stock generation was to provide a continuous and consistent amount of toxicant laden solution at a measured analytical level which would be available to test organisms for the test duration. In the present study, the glass wool column and liquid/liquid saturators were used to provide consistent stock concentrations, at times approaching saturation, for fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) acute exposures. Attempts were made to achieve the maximum solubility of these compounds for comparison purposes to water solubility values available in the literature. Literature solubility values from a database by Yalkowsky et al. [1] provided information on temperatures and data quality which allowed comparison to values obtained from the present study. Twenty four compounds were identified and analyzed for the comparison of maximum obtainable solubility levels. Maximum saturator stock water concentrations were generally lower (R=0.98) but were in close agreement with published water solubility values. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kahl, MD AU - Russom, CL AU - DeFoe, D L AU - Hammermeister, DE AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division-Duluth, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 539 EP - 551 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Fathead minnow KW - Pimephales promelas KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Chemicals KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Solubility KW - Pollution effects KW - Fathead Minnows KW - Saturation KW - Toxicity tests KW - Bioassay KW - Bioassays KW - Acute Toxicity KW - Comparison Studies KW - Analytical techniques KW - Population Exposure KW - Chemical pollutants KW - Toxicity testing KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17381598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Saturation+units+for+use+in+aquatic+bioassays&rft.au=Kahl%2C+MD%3BRussom%2C+CL%3BDeFoe%2C+D+L%3BHammermeister%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Kahl&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solubility; Bioassays; Analytical techniques; Pollution effects; Chemical pollutants; Toxicity tests; Chemicals; Aquatic organisms; Toxicity testing; Testing Procedures; Comparison Studies; Acute Toxicity; Fathead Minnows; Population Exposure; Saturation; Bioassay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An environmental simulation model for transport and fate of mercury in small rural catchments AN - 17380959; 4601454 AB - The development of an extensively modified version of the environmental model GLEAMS to simulate fate and transport of mercury in small catchments is presented. Methods for parameter estimation are proposed and in some cases simple relationships for mercury processes are derived. An application is presented for the agricultural organic soils in the South Florida Everglades (USA). Model results compare well with the limited available field observations. Mass balance and sensitivity analyses indicate that atmospheric deposition and reduction leading to evasion are the most important parameters controlling concentrations of total mercury in the upper soil. For methyl mercury, the methylation and demethylation rates are also important. Because of the special characteristics of the soils examined here, results should be interpreted in a relative sense. Limitations and potential uses of the current status of model are discussed. JF - Chemosphere AU - Tsiros, I X AU - Ambrose, R B AD - National Research Council and National Exposure Research Laboratory, respectively. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 960, College Station Rd., Athens, Ga 30605, USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 477 EP - 492 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - GLEAMS KW - USA, Florida, Everglades KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Catchment area KW - Methylmercury KW - Sediment pollution KW - Methyl mercury KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Catchment Areas KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Simulation KW - Rural Areas KW - Model Studies KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Soil Environment KW - Soils KW - Catchments KW - Deposition KW - Mercury KW - Methylation KW - Rural areas KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17380959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=An+environmental+simulation+model+for+transport+and+fate+of+mercury+in+small+rural+catchments&rft.au=Tsiros%2C+I+X%3BAmbrose%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Tsiros&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Methyl mercury; Sediment pollution; Pollution dispersion; Soils; Mercury; Methylmercury; Catchments; Simulation; Rural areas; Sensitivity Analysis; Fate of Pollutants; Soil Environment; Catchment Areas; Deposition; Methylation; Rural Areas; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment-mediated reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and fate of the resulting aromatic (poly)amines AN - 17379931; 4608350 AB - 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene is a major surface and subsurface contaminant found at numerous munitions production and storage facilities. The reductive transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) to aromatic (poly)amines and the consequent fate of these products were studied in anaerobic and aerobic sediment--water systems. Reduction of TNT was rapid under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Nitro-reduction was regioselective, leading to the preferential formation of 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT). Subsequent sorption of 2,4-DANT was rapid under aerobic conditions and resulted in nearly complete, irreversible retention by the sediment phase. Under anaerobic conditions, the rapidly formed 2,4-DANT displayed little affinity for the sediment phase. Instead, 2,4-DANT was further transformed to products that remained in the aqueous phase. Sorption studies in nontransforming sediments indicated increased irreversible sorption with replacement of nitro groups with amino groups. Covalent binding of the DANTs was partially inhibited under anoxic conditions, but sorption of TNT and the ADNTs was unaffected by changes in redox conditions. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Elovitz AU - Weber, E J AD - U.S.E.P.A. NERL, 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia, 30605, USA, weber.eric@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 01 SP - 2617 EP - 2625 VL - 33 IS - 15 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene KW - TNT KW - aromatic (poly)amines KW - polyamines KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Degradation KW - Retention KW - Reduction KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Industrial wastes KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Anoxic Conditions KW - Sediment pollution KW - Oxic conditions KW - Sorption KW - Aerobic Conditions KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Oxidation-reduction Potential KW - Sediments KW - Aromatic Compounds KW - Anoxic sediments KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Explosives KW - Contaminants KW - Aromatics KW - Redox potential KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17379931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Sediment-mediated+reduction+of+2%2C4%2C6-trinitrotoluene+and+fate+of+the+resulting+aromatic+%28poly%29amines&rft.au=Elovitz%3BWeber%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Elovitz&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anoxic sediments; Reduction; Sorption; Oxic conditions; Sediment pollution; Industrial wastes; Degradation; Pollutant persistence; Aromatics; Redox potential; Aromatic compounds; Groundwater pollution; Explosives; Contaminants; Aromatic Compounds; Aerobic Conditions; Fate of Pollutants; Retention; Oxidation-reduction Potential; Anoxic Conditions; Sediments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fuel cell operation on landfill gas at Penrose Power Station AN - 17378494; 4605649 AB - This demonstration test successfully demonstrated the operation of a commercial phosphoric acid fuel cell (FC) on landfill gas (LG) at the Penrose Power Station in Sun Valley, CA. Demonstration output included operation up to 137 kW; 37.1% efficiency at 120 kW; exceptionally low secondary emissions (dry gas, 15% O sub(2)) of 0.77 ppmV CO, 0.12 ppmV NO sub(x), and undetectable SO sub(2); no forced outages with an adjusted availability of 98.5%; and a total of 707 h of operation on LG. The LG pretreatment unit (GPU) operated for a total of 2297 h, including the 707 h with the FC, and documented total sulfur and halide removal to much lower than the specified < 3 ppmV for the FC. The GPU flare safely disposed of the removed LG contaminants by achieving destruction efficiencies greater than 99%. JF - Energy (Oxford) AU - Spiegel, R J AU - Preston, J L AU - Trocciola, J C AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, spiegel.ronald@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 723 EP - 742 VL - 24 IS - 8 SN - 0360-5442, 0360-5442 KW - USA, California, Sun Valley KW - fuel cells KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollutant removal KW - Landfills KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Power plants KW - Emissions KW - Contaminants KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17378494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%28Oxford%29&rft.atitle=Fuel+cell+operation+on+landfill+gas+at+Penrose+Power+Station&rft.au=Spiegel%2C+R+J%3BPreston%2C+J+L%3BTrocciola%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Spiegel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%28Oxford%29&rft.issn=03605442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0360-5442%2899%2900022-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landfills; Waste disposal sites; Emissions; Pollutant removal; Power plants; Contaminants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(99)00022-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Livestock activity and Chihuahuan Desert annual-plant communities: Boundary analysis of disturbance gradients AN - 17376335; 4597885 AB - The impact of domestic livestock on soil properties and perennial vegetation is greatest close to water points and generally decreases exponentially with distance from water. We hypothesized that the impact of livestock on annual-plant communities would be similar to that on perennial vegetation. We used multivariate analysis and semivariograms to locate boundaries and to determine the number and width of different annual-plant zones (referred as biotic zones) on long-term livestock disturbance gradients in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico. We estimated abundance of annuals in 0.5-m super(2) quadrats placed at 30-m intervals on 10 livestock disturbance gradients originating at water points. Tansy mustard, Descurainia pinnata, was abundant in severely disturbed areas and also in areas that are known to have high soil nitrogen content. Amaranthus palmeri was abundant in half of the transects in the zones nearest the water points. The relationships of annual-plant abundance and species richness with distance from water points and with perennial-plant cover were not significant (R super(2) < 0.1). The number of boundaries and sizes of zones varied with distance from water points, with seasons, and with duration of grazing. The first biotic zone (most severely impacted by cattle) ranged from 75 to 795 m radius for winter-spring annuals and from 165 to 1065 m radius for the summer annuals. Variability in the number and size of biotic zones along grazing gradients was spatially correlated with the frequency and intensity of disturbance, with landscape position, and with patchiness of soil features. There were fewer and larger zones of summer annuals than of winter-spring annuals. Boundary analysis of livestock disturbance gradients provided a method with replication for assessing the impact of long-term livestock grazing on annual-plant communities. Livestock create nutrient-rich patches near water points by mixing dung with soil by hoof action. These nutrient-rich patches support species of annuals that are rare or absent in areas where soils are subjected to low-intensity disturbance. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Nash AU - Whitford, W G AU - de Soyza, AG AU - Van Zee, JW AU - Havstad, K M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Characterization Research Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89196 USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 814 EP - 823 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Arid environments KW - Soil properties KW - Plant communities KW - Environmental impact KW - Livestock KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17376335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Livestock+activity+and+Chihuahuan+Desert+annual-plant+communities%3A+Boundary+analysis+of+disturbance+gradients&rft.au=Nash%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3Bde+Soyza%2C+AG%3BVan+Zee%2C+JW%3BHavstad%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Livestock; Environmental impact; Soil properties; Plant communities; Arid environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of computer-aided tomography (CT) to the study of estuarine benthic communities AN - 17375671; 4597904 AB - Sediment cores were imaged using a Computer-Aided Tomography (CT) scanner at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, Procedures were developed, using the attenuation of X-rays, to differentiate between sediment and the water contained in macrobenthic tubes and tunnels. The effects of sediment type on the ability to discriminate tubes as small as 1.5 mm were examined. Soft sediments with mean X-ray attenuations (SXA) from 450 to 576 CT numbers were successfully scanned in cores of 15.2 cm diameter by 30 cm depth. We demonstrated the accessibility and availability of CT technology to ecological studies by negotiating a reduced research rate ($200 per core) for sediment scanning at a nearby small hospital. Additionally, we were able to transfer these image data from the local hospital environment to a personal computer, by developing specialized computer software. These steps allowed greater opportunity for data exploration, manipulation, and statistical evaluation than would be available in a medical facility. CT analysis was applied to intact sediment cores from five stations along a 31-km pollution gradient in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, United States. The percentage of tube and tunnel area (PTTA) within the top 18 cm of sediment from each station was measured and ranged from 0.07% to 1.13%. PTTA increased along this gradient with distance from the pollution sources (r super(2) = 0.81, P < 0.01). The mean X-ray attenuation for sediment (excluding animals, their tubes and tunnels, and shells) was determined at each station. It also showed a highly significant relationship along this gradient (r super(2) = 0.98, P < 0.01) and ranged from 271 to 576 CT numbers. The measurement of PTTA may be an effective management tool to assess and monitor the effects of organic carbon loading on benthic communities in Narragansett Bay and similarly impacted estuaries. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Perez, K T AU - Davey, E W AU - Moore, R H AU - Burn, PR AU - Rosol AU - Cardin, JA AU - Johnson, R L AU - Kopans, D N AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882 USA Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - August 1999 SP - 1050 EP - 1058 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - USA, Rhode Island KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Spatial distribution KW - Computed tomography KW - ANW, USA, Rhode Island KW - Zoobenthos KW - Core analysis KW - Sediments KW - Pollution sources KW - Benthos KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04320:Brackishwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17375671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Application+of+computer-aided+tomography+%28CT%29+to+the+study+of+estuarine+benthic+communities&rft.au=Perez%2C+K+T%3BDavey%2C+E+W%3BMoore%2C+R+H%3BBurn%2C+PR%3BRosol%3BCardin%2C+JA%3BJohnson%2C+R+L%3BKopans%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1050&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Estuarine organisms; Sediments; Core analysis; Benthos; Spatial distribution; Computed tomography; Zoobenthos; Pollution sources; ANW, USA, Rhode Island ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heritable reproductive effects of benzo[a]pyrene on the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) AN - 17372608; 4590518 AB - Environmental toxicologists rarely investigate multigeneration effects of aquatic contaminants. In this study we investigated the survivorship of fathead minnow larvae two generations removed from an exposure to the potent mutagen benzo[a]pyrene. The F2 broods with a grandparental exposure history showed a marked decrease in survival. In the highest-exposure group, reproductive capacity and larval survivorship were significantly lower than the solvent control. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - White, P A AU - Robitaille, S AU - Rasmussen, J B AD - Atlantic Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, white.paul-a@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 1843 EP - 1847 VL - 18 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Fathead minnow KW - Pimephales promelas KW - benzo(a)pyrene KW - sexual reproduction KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Mutagens KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Larvae KW - Pollution effects KW - Survival KW - Fathead Minnows KW - Toxicity KW - Freshwater KW - Aromatic Compounds KW - Genetics KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Exposure KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - Reproduction KW - Teratogens KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Heritable+reproductive+effects+of+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+on+the+fathead+minnow+%28Pimephales+promelas%29&rft.au=White%2C+P+A%3BRobitaille%2C+S%3BRasmussen%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genetics; Mutagens; Ecotoxicology; Survival; Pollution effects; Teratogens; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Reproduction; Benzo(a)pyrene; Aromatic Compounds; Hydrocarbons; Exposure; Water Pollution Effects; Larvae; Fathead Minnows; Toxicity; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of different methods for the extraction of DNA from fungal conidia by quantitative competitive PCR analysis AN - 17371393; 4569502 AB - Five different DNA extraction methods were evaluated for their effectiveness in recovering PCR templates from the conidia of a series of fungal species often encountered in indoor air. The test organisms were Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium chrysogenum, Stachybotrys chartarum, Cladosporium herbarum and Alternaria alternata. The extraction methods differed in their use of different cell lysis procedures. These included grinding in liquid nitrogen, grinding at ambient temperature, sonication, glass bead milling and freeze-thawing. DNA purification and recovery from the lysates were performed using a commercially available system based on the selective binding of nucleic acids to glass milk. A simple quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) assay was developed for use in determining copy numbers of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal RNA operon (rDNA) in the total DNA extracts. These quantitative analyses demonstrated that the method using glass bead milling was most effective in recovering PCR templates from each of the different types of conidia both in terms of absolute copy numbers recovered and also in terms of lowest extract to extract variability. Calculations of average template copy yield per conidium in this study indicate that the bead milling method is sufficient to support the detection of less than ten conidia of each of the different organisms in a PCR assay. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Haugland, R A AU - Heckman, J L AU - Wymer, L J AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1999/08/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Aug 01 SP - 165 EP - 176 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - DNA extraction KW - internal transcribed spacers KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Aspergillus versicolor KW - Penicillium chrysogenum KW - Conidia KW - Stachybotrys chartarum KW - Alternaria alternata KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17371393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+different+methods+for+the+extraction+of+DNA+from+fungal+conidia+by+quantitative+competitive+PCR+analysis&rft.au=Haugland%2C+R+A%3BHeckman%2C+J+L%3BWymer%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Haugland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2899%2900061-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus versicolor; Penicillium chrysogenum; Stachybotrys chartarum; Alternaria alternata; Polymerase chain reaction; Conidia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(99)00061-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scale-model studies of mixing in drinking water storage tanks AN - 17371020; 4595242 AB - Storage tanks and reservoirs are commonly used in drinking water distribution systems to equalize pumping requirements and operating pressures, and to provide emergency water for fire-fighting and pumping outages. Poor mixing in these structures can create pockets of older water that could have negative aesthetic and public health impacts, Experiments were conducted on cylindrical scale-model tanks to determine the effect of various factors on mixing. The time taken to mix the contents of a tank with new water introduced during the fill period was found to be proportional to the initial volume to the two-thirds power divided by the square root of the inflow momentum flux (the product of flow rate and velocity). This time is insensitive to whether the inlet is vertically or horizontally oriented. Whether or not complete mixing occurs depends on the ratio of the momentum to buoyancy fluxes of the inlet jet, similar to past findings for jet discharges to unconfined bodies of water. However, the confined geometry of the tank results in a narrower range of conditions that produce stratification. Finally, a formula is derived to estimate the minimum volume exchange required for a fill-and-draw cycle to ensure complete mixing before the end of the filling period. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Rossman, LA AU - Grayman, WM AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, rossman.lewis@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 755 EP - 761 VL - 125 IS - 8 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Experimental Data KW - Storage Tanks KW - Water Tanks KW - Drinking Water KW - Inlets KW - Jets KW - Mathematical Analysis KW - Stratification KW - Mixing KW - Buoyancy KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17371020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Scale-model+studies+of+mixing+in+drinking+water+storage+tanks&rft.au=Rossman%2C+LA%3BGrayman%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Rossman&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mixing; Drinking Water; Water Tanks; Storage Tanks; Mathematical Analysis; Stratification; Inlets; Jets; Buoyancy; Experimental Data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial population changes during bioremediation of an experimental oil spill AN - 17370319; 4587953 AB - Three crude oil bioremediation techniques were applied in a randomized block field experiment simulating a coastal oil spill. Four treatments (no oil control, oil alone, oil plus nutrients, and oil plus nutrients plus an indigenous inoculum) were applied. In situ microbial community structures were monitored by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and 16S rDNA PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to (i) identify the bacterial community members responsible for the decontamination of the site and (ii) define an end point for the removal of the hydrocarbon substrate. The results of PLFA analysis demonstrated a community shift in all plots from primarily eukaryotic biomass to gram-negative bacterial biomass with time. PLFA profiles from the oiled plots suggested increased gram-negative biomass and adaptation to metabolic stress compared to unoiled controls. DGGE analysis of untreated control plots revealed a simple, dynamic dominant population structure throughout the experiment. This banding pattern disappeared in all oiled plots, indicating that the structure and diversity of the dominant bacterial community changed substantially. No consistent differences were detected between nutrient-amended and indigenous inoculum-treated plots, but both differed from the oil-only plots. Prominent bands were excised for sequence analysis and indicated that oil treatment encouraged the growth of gram-negative microorganisms within the alpha -proteobacteria and Flexibacter-Cytophaga-Bacteroides phylum. alpha -Proteobacteria were never detected in unoiled controls. PLFA analysis indicated that by week 14 the microbial community structures of the oiled plots were becoming similar to those of the unoiled controls from the same time point, but DGGE analysis suggested that major differences in the bacterial communities remained. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Macnaughton, S J AU - Stephen, J R AU - Venosa, AD AU - Davis, G A AU - Chang, Y-J AU - White, D C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, venosa.albert@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 3566 EP - 3574 VL - 65 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bioremediation KW - Population dynamics KW - Proteobacteria KW - Cytophaga KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Flexibacter KW - Oil pollution KW - Oil spills KW - Bacteroides KW - Ribosomes KW - Biomass KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Fatty acids KW - Microorganisms KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - A 01103:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17370319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Microbial+population+changes+during+bioremediation+of+an+experimental+oil+spill&rft.au=Macnaughton%2C+S+J%3BStephen%2C+J+R%3BVenosa%2C+AD%3BDavis%2C+G+A%3BChang%2C+Y-J%3BWhite%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Macnaughton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Proteobacteria; Flexibacter; Cytophaga; Bacteroides; Oil spills; Bioremediation; Microorganisms; Population dynamics; Fatty acids; Oil pollution; Polymerase chain reaction; Biomass; Ribosomes; Gel electrophoresis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of a probabilistic risk assessment methodology to a lead smelter site AN - 17033757; 4618282 AB - Exposure of children to lead in the environment was assessed at the Murray Smelter Superfund site using both a deterministic risk assessment approach, the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model, and a probabilistic approach, the Integrated Stochastic Exposure (ISE) model. When site-specific data on lead in environmental media were input as point estimates into the IEUBK model, unacceptable risks were predicted for children living within five of eight study zones. The predicted soil cleanup goal was 550 ppm. Concentration and exposure data were then input into the ISE model as probability distribution functions and a one-dimensional Monte Carlo analysis (1-D MCA) was run to predict the expected distribution of exposures and blood lead values. Uncertainty surrounding these predictions was examined in a two-dimensional Monte Carlo analysis (2-D MCA). The ISE model predicted risks that were in the same rank order as those predicted by the IEUBK model, although the probability estimates of exceeding a blood lead level of 10 mu g/dl (referred to as the P10) from the ISE model were uniformly lower than those predicted by the IEUBK model. The 2-D MCA allowed evaluation of the confidence around each P10 level, and identified the main sources of both uncertainty and variability in exposure estimates. The ISE model suggested cleanup goals ranging from 1300 to 1500 ppm might be protective at this site. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Griffin, S AU - Goodrum, P E AU - Diamond, G L AU - Meylan, W AU - Brattin, W J AU - Hassett, J M AD - 999 18th Street, Suite 500 (Mail Code EPR-PS), Denver, CO 80202, USA, griffin.susan@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 845 EP - 868 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Environmental health KW - Lead KW - Superfund KW - Blood levels KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution effects KW - Children KW - Smelters KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17033757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Application+of+a+probabilistic+risk+assessment+methodology+to+a+lead+smelter+site&rft.au=Griffin%2C+S%3BGoodrum%2C+P+E%3BDiamond%2C+G+L%3BMeylan%2C+W%3BBrattin%2C+W+J%3BHassett%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Heavy metals; Lead; Smelters; Environmental health; Children; Pollution effects; Superfund; Blood levels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implementing probabilistic risk assessment in USEPA Superfund program AN - 17031957; 4618277 AB - Application of probabilistic risk analysis to human health and ecological risk assessment is a young science. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), as exemplified by Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA), is more suitable to quantify the confidence or level of uncertainty in risk estimates compared with the traditional point estimate approach. Within the United States Environmental protection Agency (USEPA) the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR) is implementing PRA as part of the Superfund administrative reform activities. The OERR is completing a guidance document accompanied by a workbook. OERR is continuing its outreach effort to present PRA to the public and USEPA staff, and is organizing a training course. This paper presents an overview of the OERR's PRA implementation effort to date. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Chang, S S AD - Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA, Chang.Steven@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 737 EP - 754 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - probability KW - Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Superfund KW - Environmental impact KW - Public health KW - Hazards KW - EPA KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17031957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Implementing+probabilistic+risk+assessment+in+USEPA+Superfund+program&rft.au=Chang%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; Superfund; Environmental impact; Public health; Hazards; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation and beyond: A comparison of several probabilistic risk assessment methods applied to a Superfund site AN - 17029572; 4618281 AB - Four different probabilistic risk assessment methods were compared using the data from the Sangamo Weston/Lake Hartwell Superfund site. These were one-dimensional Monte Carlo, two-dimensional Monte Carlo considering uncertainty in the concentration term, two-dimensional Monte Carlo considering uncertainty in ingestion rate, and microexposure event analysis. Estimated high-end risks ranged from 2.0 X 10 super(-4) to 3.3 X 10 super(-3). Microexposure event analysis produced a lower risk estimate than any of the other methods due to incorporation of time-dependent changes in the concentration term. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Simon, T W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, Atlanta Federal Center, 61 Forsyth Street, SW, Atlanta, GA 30303-3104, USA, simon.ted@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 823 EP - 843 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - probability KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Environmental degradation KW - Pollution clean-up KW - Superfund KW - Simulation KW - Hazardous materials KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17029572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Two-dimensional+Monte+Carlo+simulation+and+beyond%3A+A+comparison+of+several+probabilistic+risk+assessment+methods+applied+to+a+Superfund+site&rft.au=Simon%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Superfund; Hazardous materials; Environmental degradation; Pollution clean-up; Risk assessment; Simulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell cycle specificity of cytogenetic damage induced by 3,4-epoxy-1-butene AN - 18321390; 5360729 AB - 3,4-Epoxy-1-butene (EB), a primary metabolite of butadiene, is a direct-acting "S-dependent" genotoxicant that can induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosome aberrations (CAs) in cycling cells in vitro. However, EB is almost inactive when splenic or peripheral blood lymphocytes are exposed at the G sub(0) stage of the cell cycle. To investigate whether repair of DNA lesions is responsible for the lack of cytogenetic responses seen after G sub(0) treatments, we used cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) to inhibit DNA polymerization during DNA repair. If enough repairable lesions are present, double-strand breaks should accumulate and form chromosome-type ("S-independent") deletions and exchanges. This is exactly what occurred. EB induced chromosome deletions and dicentrics at the first division following treatment, when the EB exposure was followed by ara-C. Without ara-C treatment, there was no induction of CAs. These experiments indicate that the relatively low levels of damage induced by EB in G sub(0) lymphocytes are removed by DNA repair prior to DNA synthesis and thus, before the production of SCEs or chromatid-type aberrations. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Kligerman, AD AU - Doerr, CL AU - Tennant, AH AD - Genetics and Cellular Toxicology Branch, Mail Drop 68, Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC USA, Drop68,EnvironmentalCarcinogenesisDivision,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NC,USA Y1 - 1999/07/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 21 SP - 151 EP - 158 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 444 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - 3,4-Epoxy-1-butene KW - 3,4-epoxy-1-butene KW - cytarabine KW - cytosine arabinoside KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cell cycle KW - DNA repair KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18321390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Cell+cycle+specificity+of+cytogenetic+damage+induced+by+3%2C4-epoxy-1-butene&rft.au=Kligerman%2C+AD%3BDoerr%2C+CL%3BTennant%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Kligerman&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1999-07-21&rft.volume=444&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cell cycle; Chromosome aberrations; DNA repair ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and recovery of bulky hydrophobic DNA adducts. AN - 69893771; 10405299 AB - For many years (32)P postlabeling has detected DNA adducts at very low levels and yet has not been able to identify unknown adducts. Mass spectrometry offers substantially improved identification powers, albeit at some loss in detection limits. With this ultimate utilization of mass spectrometry in mind, the current research presents a new method to quantitatively purify bulky hydrophobic DNA adducts at levels that are pertinent to ongoing DNA adduct research in human health and environmental fields. This method was demonstrated with benzo[a]pyrene adducts. Purification was accomplished with the use of small columns (7.5-mm frits) with an 11 mg bed of polystyrene-divinlybenzene beads which retained the adducts while permitting the nonadducted nucleotides to be washed out with water. Subsequently, the adducts were eluted with 50% MeOH and the sample was reduced in volume in an evacuated centrifuge. Purification was demonstrated at adduct levels ranging from 4 adducts in 10(6) nonadducted nucleotides to 4 in 10(8). For these levels, analyses by capillary electrophoresis with sample stacking and UV detection determined that recoveries ranged from 91 to 54%, respectively. The adduct quantities isolated should be sufficient to allow the use of current MS capabilities that are linked on-line to separation methodologies such as capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography. JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Norwood, C B AD - U. S. EPA AED, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA. Y1 - 1999/07/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 15 SP - 100 EP - 106 VL - 272 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Polystyrenes KW - benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Amberlite XAD-2 resin KW - 9060-05-3 KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Humans KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- isolation & purification KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary KW - DNA Adducts -- isolation & purification KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69893771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Purification+and+recovery+of+bulky+hydrophobic+DNA+adducts.&rft.au=Norwood%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Norwood&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-15&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A survey of EPA/OPP and open literature on selected pesticide chemicals II. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of selected chloroacetanilides and related compounds AN - 18318362; 5360709 AB - With this effort, we continue our examination of data on selected pesticide chemicals and their related analogues that have been presented to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP). This report focuses on a group of selected chloroacetanilides and a few related compounds. As part of the registration process for pesticidal chemicals, interested parties (registrants) must submit toxicity information to support the registration including both mutagenicity and carcinogenicity data. Although this information is available to the public via Freedom of Information (FOI) requests to the OPP, publication in the scientific literature allows greater dissemination and examination of the data. For this Special Issue, graphic profiles have been prepared of the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity data available in the submissions to OPP. Also, a discussion is presented about how toxicity data are used to help establish tolerances (limits of pesticide residues in foods). The mutagenicity results submitted by registrants are supplemented by data on these chemicals from the open literature to provide a full perspective of their genetic toxicology. The group of chloroacetanilides reviewed here display a consistent pattern of mutagenic activity, probably mediated via metabolites. This mutagenic activity is a mechanistically plausible factor in the development of tumors seen in experimental animals exposed to this class of chemicals. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Dearfield, K L AU - McCarroll, N E AU - Protzel, A AU - Stack, H F AU - Jackson, MA AU - Waters, MD AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (8103R) Washington, DC USA Y1 - 1999/07/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 15 SP - 183 EP - 221 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 443 IS - 1-2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - chloroacetanilide KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mutagenicity KW - Surveys KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Pesticides KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18318362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=A+survey+of+EPA%2FOPP+and+open+literature+on+selected+pesticide+chemicals+II.+Mutagenicity+and+carcinogenicity+of+selected+chloroacetanilides+and+related+compounds&rft.au=Dearfield%2C+K+L%3BMcCarroll%2C+N+E%3BProtzel%2C+A%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BJackson%2C+MA%3BWaters%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Dearfield&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-07-15&rft.volume=443&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Surveys; Carcinogenicity; Mutagenicity; Pesticides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatilization of Chemicals from Tap Water to Indoor Air from Contaminated Water Used for Showering AN - 17321242; 4588812 AB - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may enter indoor air during the use of contaminated tap water. When this occurs, occupants can become exposed to potentially toxic VOCs via the inhalation route. The propensity for VOCs to volatilize into indoor air during the routine use of showers was investigated. A series of mass transfer experiments were conducted while a shower was operated within an enclosed chamber. Acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, ethylbenzene, and cyclohexane were used as volatile tracers. Chemical-specific stripping efficiencies and mass transfer coefficients were determined. An assessment of the importance of gas-phase resistance to mass transfer from water to air was also completed. Chemical-specific stripping efficiencies ranged from 6.3% (for acetone) to 80% (for cyclohexane) for household showers used under normal conditions. As described in this paper, data resulting from this study allow for the determination of overall mass transfer coefficients, and corresponding volatilization rates, for any showering event and chemical of interest. As such, the information presented herein should lead to improved estimates of human inhalation exposure to toxic chemicals that volatilize from water to indoor air. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Moya, J AU - Howard-Reed, C AU - Corsi, R L AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, 401 M Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, USA, moya.jacqueline@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 15 SP - 2321 EP - 2327 VL - 33 IS - 14 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - showering KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Water quality KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17321242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Volatilization+of+Chemicals+from+Tap+Water+to+Indoor+Air+from+Contaminated+Water+Used+for+Showering&rft.au=Moya%2C+J%3BHoward-Reed%2C+C%3BCorsi%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Moya&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes980876u LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Volatile organic compounds; Water quality; Pollution dispersion; Inhalation; Indoor air pollution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980876u ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of salinity reduction on oxygen consumption by larval estuarine invertebrates AN - 17367628; 4568478 AB - Unpredictable events can cause rapid sizable changes in environmental conditions. Storm events are an example of an unpredictable event; in estuarine habitats, storms can bring about drastic changes in salinity levels within several hours. This study focused on the effect of salinity reduction on larval oxygen consumption. Two species of larval invertebrates were exposed to salinity reduction, the marine polychaete Arenicola cristata Stimpson and the mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say). In experimental treatments, salinity was reduced to 10 or 15; control individuals were maintained at 30. Salinity was reduced for 3 d when larvae were between the ages of 1 and 4 d, post-hatch. Oxygen consumption was the same among treatments during salinity reduction for I. obsoleta larvae. The oxygen consumption of A. cristata larvae was significantly lower at 10S compared with controls and with salinity reduction to 15; larvae eventually died at 10. After salinity reduction ceased, larvae exposed to a salinity reduction to 15 consumed more (A. cristata) or the same (I. obsoleta) amount of oxygen as individuals maintained at 30. We have shown in previous experiments that salinity reduction results in significant reductions in larval growth in A. cristata and I. obsoleta larvae as well as in changes in developmental rates of A. cristata (but not I. obsoleta) larvae. Taken in conjunction with the results of our present study on larval oxygen consumption, the results suggest that salinity reduction has a large impact on estuarine invertebrates. JF - Marine Biology AU - Richmond, CE AU - Woodin, SA AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, Richmond.Courtney@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/07/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 07 SP - 259 EP - 267 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 134 IS - 2 SN - 0025-3162, 0025-3162 KW - Polychaete KW - Mud snail KW - Controlled conditions KW - Eastern mudsnail KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Oxygen consumption KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Arenicola cristata KW - Invertebrate larvae KW - Estuaries KW - Larvae KW - Invertebrates KW - Oxygen Requirements KW - Storms KW - Salinity KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Salinity effects KW - Ilyanassa obsoleta KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17367628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Biology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+salinity+reduction+on+oxygen+consumption+by+larval+estuarine+invertebrates&rft.au=Richmond%2C+CE%3BWoodin%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1999-07-07&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Biology&rft.issn=00253162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002270050544 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arenicola cristata; Ilyanassa obsoleta; Estuaries; Salinity; Storms; Aquatic Habitats; Invertebrates; Larvae; Oxygen Requirements; Estuarine organisms; Invertebrate larvae; Oxygen consumption; Salinity effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050544 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sprawl tales: Maryland's Smart Growth Initiative and the evolution of growth management AN - 860393013; 13879642 AB - Over the last 25 years, momentum has grown for a policy response to issues raised by development and land use patterns at the urban-suburban-rural interface. Various states and municipalities throughout the country have experimented with legislative and planning approaches, often referred to as "growth management," to address these land use issues. This paper examines one of the most recent steps in the evolution of growth management, the Smart Growth Initiative enacted by Maryland in April 1997. The paper addresses several questions: What is the Smart Growth Initiative and where does it fit in the evolution of growth management? What processes were used to incorporate diverse values and perspectives in developing the initiative? What are the prospects for its implementation? The paper briefly reviews growth management, its evolution over the last quarter century, and the use of stakeholder involvement and consensus-building processes for policy development. With this background, the Smart Growth Initiative is examined in detail, including the group processes employed to incorporate diverse values in both developing and implementing the initiative. Finally, the paper closes by placing the Smart Growth Initiative in the context of evolving growth management approaches. JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - Haeuber, Richard AD - 1712 Johnson Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C, 20009, Haeuber.richard@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 131 EP - 147 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth KW - Ecosystems KW - Reviews KW - USA, Maryland KW - stakeholders KW - Legislation KW - Evolution KW - Land use KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 05:Environmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860393013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Sprawl+tales%3A+Maryland%27s+Smart+Growth+Initiative+and+the+evolution+of+growth+management&rft.au=Haeuber%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Haeuber&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1009527930434 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Land use; Evolution; Growth; Ecosystems; Reviews; stakeholders; Legislation; USA, Maryland DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009527930434 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral assessments of learning and attention in rats exposed perinatally to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) AN - 69946662; 10440482 AB - Evidence from humans suggests that cognitive dysfunction may result from perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the results of some animal research with PCBs have been interpreted in terms of possible impairment of attention. Long-Evans rats were fed 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), a coplanar congener, at doses of 0.25 or 1 microgram/kg/day [corrected] throughout gestation and nursing. Male offspring of these rats were trained as adults to perform 2 tests of attention for food reward. First, a cued target-detection task, modeled after Posner's covert orienting method for humans, was used to assess visuospatial attention. In this task, a visual target stimulus was presented in 1 visual hemifield on each trial, preceded either by a valid cue, an invalid cue, or no cue. A valid cue appeared in the same hemifield as the target, and an invalid cue appeared in the opposite hemifield. As expected, valid cues increased accuracy and speed of target detection and invalid cues decreased accuracy and speed; moreover, these effects were systematically related to changes in cue intensity and target duration. However, perinatal exposure to PCB 126 did not affect acquisition or performance of this task. The second task assessed sustained attention by means of a signal detection method in which a brief, spatially-constant but temporally unpredictable, visual signal indicated which of 2 responses would yield food. Varying the intensity of the signal greatly affected the probability of correctly reporting the signal. Perinatal exposure to PCB 126 did not affect acquisition of the response rule or performance of the task. Finally, all rats were challenged with chlordiazepoxide (CDP) at doses of 0, 3, 5, 8, or 12 mg/kg SC, 20 min before testing in the sustained attention task. In control rats, low doses (3, 5, and 8 mg/kg) of CDP reduced accuracy at low signal intensities only, suggesting an increase in visual threshold. The high dose of CDP reduced accuracy at all signal intensities and increased the false-alarm rate as well, suggesting an impairment of attention. The rats exposed perinatally to PCB 126 at 0.25 micrograms/kg [corrected] were unaffected by CDP, and those exposed to PCB 126 at 1 microgram/kg [corrected] showed a smaller decrement in performance after CDP than did the controls. Taken together, these data provide little support for the possibility that perinatal exposure to PCB 126 causes deficits in attention, but suggest that PCB 126 may alter GABA-mediated pathways in the CNS during development. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Bushnell, P J AU - Rice, D C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. bushnell.philip@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 381 EP - 392 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - GABA Modulators KW - Chlordiazepoxide KW - 6RZ6XEZ3CR KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl KW - TSH69IA9XF KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Evoked Potentials, Visual -- drug effects KW - Drug Interactions KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cues KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - GABA Modulators -- toxicity KW - Chlordiazepoxide -- toxicity KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Attention -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69946662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+assessments+of+learning+and+attention+in+rats+exposed+perinatally+to+3%2C3%27%2C4%2C4%27%2C5-pentachlorobiphenyl+%28PCB+126%29&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J%3BRice%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Neurotoxicol Teratol 1999 Nov-Dec;21(6):733 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrophoretic mobilities of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and wild-type Escherichia coli strains. AN - 69866897; 10388724 AB - The electrophoretic mobilities (EPMs) of a number of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and wild-type E. coli strains were measured. The effects of pH and ionic strength on the EPMs were investigated. The EPMs of E. coli O157:H7 strains differed from those of wild-type strains. As the suspension pH decreased, the EPMs of both types of strains increased. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Lytle, D A AU - Rice, E W AU - Johnson, C H AU - Fox, K R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. lytle.carren@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 3222 EP - 3225 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Cattle KW - Sewage -- microbiology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Water Microbiology KW - Surface Properties KW - Electrophoresis -- methods KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- physiology KW - Escherichia coli -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69866897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Electrophoretic+mobilities+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+wild-type+Escherichia+coli+strains.&rft.au=Lytle%2C+D+A%3BRice%2C+E+W%3BJohnson%2C+C+H%3BFox%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: N Engl J Med. 1983 Mar 24;308(12):681-5 [6338386] J Infect Dis. 1985 May;151(5):775-82 [3886804] J Infect Dis. 1986 Sep;154(3):522-4 [3525698] Lett Appl Microbiol. 1996 Sep;23(3):179-82 [8862024] Lancet. 1991 Jun 8;337(8754):1412 [1674781] Ann Intern Med. 1992 Nov 15;117(10):812-9 [1416555] Lancet. 1993 Apr 10;341(8850):961 [8096294] J Gen Microbiol. 1990 May;136(5):867-74 [1696306] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemolysis, toxicity, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Stachybotrys chartarum strains. AN - 69865790; 10388719 AB - Stachybotrys chartarum is an indoor air, toxigenic fungus that has been associated with a number of human and veterinary health problems. Most notable among these has been a cluster of idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage cases that were observed in the Cleveland, Ohio, area. In this study, 16 strains of S. chartarum isolated from case (n = 8) or control (n = 8) homes in Cleveland and 12 non-Cleveland strains from diverse geographic locations were analyzed for hemolytic activity, conidial toxicity, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA banding patterns. In tests for hemolytic activity, strains were grown at 23 degrees C on wet wallboard pieces for an 8-week test period. Conidia from these wallboard pieces were subcultured on sheep's blood agar once a week over this period and examined for growth and clearing of the medium at 37 or 23 degrees C. Five of the Cleveland strains (all from case homes) showed hemolytic activity at 37 degrees C throughout the 8-week test compared to 3 of the non-Cleveland strains. Five of the Cleveland strains, compared to two of the non-Cleveland strains, produced highly toxic conidia (>90 microgram of T2 toxin equivalents per g [wet weight] of conidia) after 10 and 30 days of growth on wet wallboard. Only 3 of the 28 strains examined both were consistently hemolytic and produced highly toxic conidia. Each of these strains was isolated from a house in Cleveland where an infant had idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Vesper, S J AU - Dearborn, D G AU - Yike, I AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Haugland, R A AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. Vesper.Stephen@EPA.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 3175 EP - 3181 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Phylogeny KW - Infant KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Humans KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Hemolysis KW - Hemorrhage -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Stachybotrys -- genetics KW - Lung Diseases, Fungal -- microbiology KW - Housing KW - Stachybotrys -- pathogenicity KW - Stachybotrys -- classification KW - Stachybotrys -- isolation & purification KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Lung Diseases, Fungal -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69865790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Hemolysis%2C+toxicity%2C+and+randomly+amplified+polymorphic+DNA+analysis+of+Stachybotrys+chartarum+strains.&rft.au=Vesper%2C+S+J%3BDearborn%2C+D+G%3BYike%2C+I%3BSorenson%2C+W+G%3BHaugland%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Vesper&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1973 Aug 24;181(4101):758-60 [4737542] J Microbiol Methods. 1999 Aug;37(2):165-76 [10445315] Microbiol Rev. 1978 Mar;42(1):45-66 [379572] Rev Infect Dis. 1981 Nov-Dec;3(6):1127-38 [7043704] J Pediatr. 1983 May;102(5):698-702 [6842324] J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1994 Feb;47(2):173-82 [8150713] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Dec 9;43(48):881-3 [7969010] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Feb 3;44(4):67, 73-4 [7830703] Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994 Nov;18(5):337-41 [7898974] Chest. 1996 Aug;110(2):553-5 [8697865] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1996;68(4):207-18 [8738349] Curr Opin Pediatr. 1997 Jun;9(3):219-24 [9229159] Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998 Aug;152(8):757-62 [9701134] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3620-5 [9758776] Occup Environ Med. 1998 Sep;55(9):579-84 [9861178] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Jan;65(1):88-94 [9872764] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107 Suppl 3:495-9 [10346998] J Clin Invest. 1978 Jun;61(6):1428-40 [659605] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resolving Nevada Test Site and global fallout plutonium in attic dust and soils using (super 137) Cs/ (super 239+240) Pu activity ratios AN - 52112582; 2002-038289 JF - Health Physics AU - Cizdziel, James AU - Hodge, Vernon AU - Faller, Scott Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 67 EP - 75 PB - Pergamon, Long Island, NY VL - 77 IS - 1 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - United States KW - isotopes KW - radioactivity KW - plutonium KW - Pu-239 KW - mass spectra KW - radioactive fallout KW - Nevada Test Site KW - radioactive isotopes KW - cesium KW - sediments KW - spectra KW - Nevada KW - soils KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - global KW - alkali metals KW - pollution KW - correlation KW - Nye County Nevada KW - ICP mass spectra KW - detection KW - Cs-137 KW - metals KW - dust KW - Utah KW - actinides KW - Pu-240 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52112582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Physics&rft.atitle=Resolving+Nevada+Test+Site+and+global+fallout+plutonium+in+attic+dust+and+soils+using+%28super+137%29+Cs%2F+%28super+239%2B240%29+Pu+activity+ratios&rft.au=Cizdziel%2C+James%3BHodge%2C+Vernon%3BFaller%2C+Scott&rft.aulast=Cizdziel&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.health-physics.com/pt/re/healthphys/home.htm;jsessionid=G5qSTXSp0vDSHYTCTzDnLVFQz7CBNyYYSGk1jRLYMGG4QvPYTKvJ!1240718814!-949856144!8091!-1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; alkali metals; cesium; clastic sediments; concentration; correlation; Cs-137; detection; dust; global; ICP mass spectra; isotopes; mass spectra; metals; monitoring; Nevada; Nevada Test Site; Nye County Nevada; plutonium; pollutants; pollution; Pu-239; Pu-240; radioactive fallout; radioactive isotopes; radioactivity; sediments; soils; spectra; United States; Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field test of high molecular weight alcohol flushing for subsurface nonaqueous phase liquid remediation AN - 50132167; 1999-059129 AB - A pilot scale field test of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) removal using high molecular weight alcohols was conducted at Operable Unit 1, Hill Air Force Base, Utah. Petroleum hydrocarbons and spent solvents were disposed of in chemical disposal pits at this site, and these materials are now present in the subsurface in the form of a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL). This LNAPL is a complex mixture of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, and other compounds. The field experiment was performed in a 5 m by 3 m confined test cell, formed by driving interlocking sheet pile walls through the contaminated zone into an underlying clay. The test involved the injection and extraction of about four pore volumes (1 pore volume = 7000 L) of a mixture of 80% tert-butanol and 15% n-hexanol. The contaminants were removed by a combination of NAPL mobilization and enhanced dissolution, and the results of postflood soil coring indicate better than 90% removal of the more soluble contaminants (trichloroethane, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, trimethylbenzene, naphthalene) and 70-80% removal of less soluble compounds (decane and undecane). The results of preflood and postflood NAPL partitioning tracer tests show nearly 80% removal of the total NAPL content from the test cell. The field data suggest that a somewhat higher level of removal could be achieved with a longer alcohol injection. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Falta, Ronald W AU - Lee, Cindy M AU - Brame, Scott E AU - Roeder, Eberhard AU - Coates, John T AU - Wright, Charles AU - Wood, A Lynn AU - Enfield, Carl G Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 2095 EP - 2108 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 35 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - Davis County Utah KW - pollution KW - light nonaqueous phase liquids KW - hydrochemistry KW - ground water KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - molecular structure KW - organic compounds KW - solvents KW - Hill Air Force Base KW - hydrocarbons KW - alcohols KW - Utah KW - mobilization KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - military facilities KW - geochemistry KW - field studies KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50132167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Field+test+of+high+molecular+weight+alcohol+flushing+for+subsurface+nonaqueous+phase+liquid+remediation&rft.au=Falta%2C+Ronald+W%3BLee%2C+Cindy+M%3BBrame%2C+Scott+E%3BRoeder%2C+Eberhard%3BCoates%2C+John+T%3BWright%2C+Charles%3BWood%2C+A+Lynn%3BEnfield%2C+Carl+G&rft.aulast=Falta&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2095&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999WR900097 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alcohols; Davis County Utah; experimental studies; field studies; geochemistry; ground water; Hill Air Force Base; hydraulic conductivity; hydrocarbons; hydrochemistry; light nonaqueous phase liquids; military facilities; mobilization; molecular structure; nonaqueous phase liquids; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; solvents; United States; Utah DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900097 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic toxicology data in the evaluation of potential human environmental carcinogens AN - 18272368; 5328867 AB - In 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated the Monographs Programme to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Results from short-term mutagenicity tests were first included in the IARC Monographs in the mid-1970s based on the observation that most carcinogens are also mutagens, although not all mutagens are carcinogens. Experimental evidence at that time showed a strong correlation between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity and indicated that short-term mutagenicity tests are useful for predicting carcinogenicity. Although the strength of these correlations has diminished over the past 20 years with the identification of putative nongenotoxic carcinogens, such tests provide vital information for identifying potential human carcinogens and understanding mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The short-term test results for agents compiled in the EPA/IARC Genetic Activity Profile (GAP) database over nearly 15 years are summarized and reviewed here with regard to their IARC carcinogenicity classifications. The evidence of mutagenicity or nonmutagenicity based on a `defining set' of test results from three genetic endpoints (gene mutation, chromosomal aberrations, and aneuploidy) is examined. Recommendations are made for assessing chemicals based on the strength of evidence from short-term tests, and the implications of this approach in identifying mutational mechanisms of carcinogenesis are discussed. The role of short-term test data in influencing the overall classification of specific compounds in recent Monograph volumes is discussed, particularly with reference to studies in human populations. Ethylene oxide is cited as an example. JF - Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research AU - Waters, MD AU - Stack, F H AU - Jackson, MJ AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 21 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 437 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5742, 1383-5742 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Reviews KW - Genotoxicity KW - Carcinogens KW - Toxicity testing KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18272368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Genetic+toxicology+data+in+the+evaluation+of+potential+human+environmental+carcinogens&rft.au=Waters%2C+MD%3BStack%2C+F+H%3BJackson%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=437&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Reviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.issn=13835742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Genotoxicity; Toxicity testing; Carcinogens; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Certificates or certification? [Watershed management education] AN - 18080708; 5141756 AB - Watershed managers strive to address the particular needs of the place they care about in ways they feel are most effective. Some focus on volunteer monitoring and education, some put in place new land and business practices that are protective of resources, others work for changes in public policy, some organize "umbrella" groups coordinating all these kinds of efforts and more. Skills the practitioner does not have personally are accessed through partnerships with others. Many of their partnerships grow from local "grassroots" concern. Others carry official recognition or designation. Incredibly diverse in nature, necessarily broad in disciplines, these practitioners and partnerships are the pieces that make up the ever growing patchwork quilt of watershed management in the United States. JF - Water Resources Impact AU - Pawlukiewicz, J AU - Norton, D J AD - U.S. EPA (4501f), Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, 401 M. Street SW, Washington, DC 20560, USA, plwlukiewicz.janet@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 10 EP - 13 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1522-3175, 1522-3175 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Water supplies (Potable) KW - USA KW - Catchment areas KW - Water management KW - Scientific personnel KW - Water resources KW - Certification KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Restoration KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09108:Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18080708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Impact&rft.atitle=Certificates+or+certification%3F+%5BWatershed+management+education%5D&rft.au=Pawlukiewicz%2C+J%3BNorton%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Pawlukiewicz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Impact&rft.issn=15223175&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water management; Scientific personnel; Certification; Watersheds; Water supplies (Potable); Catchment areas; Water resources; Water quality (Natural waters); Restoration; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential relative future effects of sulfur and nitrogen deposition on lake chemistry in the Adirondack Mountains, United States AN - 18070244; 5110566 AB - Leaching of atmospherically deposited nitrogen from forested watersheds can acidify lakes and streams. Using a modified version of the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments, we made computer simulations of such effects for 36 lake catchments in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State. Our simulations bound the potential changes in regional-scale surface water acidification that might occur there over the next 50 years across broad scenarios of both nitrogen and sulfur deposition as well as ranges of times to watershed nitrogen saturation. Model projections indicated that nitrogen deposition may play a more important role in future acidification than has been previously considered and may rival or exceed potential effects of sulfur deposition, depending on how rapidly watersheds might become saturated with atmospherically deposited nitrogen. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Church, M R AU - Van Sickle, J AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - July 1999 SP - 2199 EP - 2211 VL - 35 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - USA, Adirondack Mts. KW - USA, New York, Adirondack Mts. KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Sulfur KW - Chemistry KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Surface Water KW - Watersheds KW - Forest Watersheds KW - Lakes KW - Catchment areas KW - Acidification KW - Acidity KW - Pollution forecasting KW - Atmospheric Chemistry KW - Simulation KW - Projections KW - Streams (in natural channels) KW - Model Studies KW - Catchments KW - Deposition KW - Air-water interactions KW - Nitrogen KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18070244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Potential+relative+future+effects+of+sulfur+and+nitrogen+deposition+on+lake+chemistry+in+the+Adirondack+Mountains%2C+United+States&rft.au=Church%2C+M+R%3BVan+Sickle%2C+J&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999WR900091 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfur; Lakes; Catchments; Air-water interactions; Simulation; Acidification; Pollution forecasting; Watersheds; Nitrogen; Chemistry; Catchment areas; Deposition; Acidity; Streams (in natural channels); Atmospheric Chemistry; Water Pollution Sources; Surface Water; Projections; Forest Watersheds; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900091 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecotoxicity and chemistry of leachates from blast furnace and basic oxygen steel slags AN - 17737687; 4808016 AB - Iron and steel slags have been utilised in the Illawarra and Newcastle regions of NSW,Australia, for many years in a wide range of engineering applications. To provide basic information on the potential for initial, short-term environmental effects, leachates from iron and steel slags were produced in the laboratory under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, in fresh and marine waters. The chemistry of these leachates was assessed and the acute toxicity to the Australian freshwater cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard 1894, and larvae of the marine scallop Mimachlamys asperrima (Lamarck 1819) (formerly Chlamys asperrimus), was determined. Toxicity of the freshwater leachates could be attributed primarily to high pH, with Basic Oxygen Steel (BOS) slag leachate being more toxic than Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) leachate. The 48-h EC50 (immobilisation) for C. dubia was 1.3% BOS slag leachate. Toxicity in the seawater leachates could not be attributed to either pH or the measured metal concentrations. For BFS, anaerobically generated marine leachate was more toxic than aerobically generated leachate (M. asperrima 48-h EC50 (larval abnormality) 2% and 26% leachate respectively). Seawater incubated BOS slag leachates produced 48-h EC50s (larval abnormality) of around 2% leachate. JF - Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology AU - Julli, M AD - Ecotoxicology Section, NSW Environment Protection Authority, located at EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology, Sydney, Westbourne St, Gore Hill, NSW 2065,Australia, jullim@epa.nsw.gov.au Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 123 EP - 132 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1323-3475, 1323-3475 KW - acute toxicity KW - Ceriodaphnia dubia KW - Mimachlamys asperrima KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - slag KW - Steel KW - Industrial pollution KW - Iron KW - Leachates KW - Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24161:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17737687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=Ecotoxicity+and+chemistry+of+leachates+from+blast+furnace+and+basic+oxygen+steel+slags&rft.au=Julli%2C+M&rft.aulast=Julli&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=13233475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceriodaphnia dubia; Mimachlamys asperrima; Toxicity testing; Leachates; slag; Steel; Iron; Industrial pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Daily variation of particulate air pollution and poor cardiac autonomic control in the elderly AN - 17588564; 4590316 AB - Particulate matter air pollution (PM) has been related to cardiovascular disease mortality in a number of recent studies. The pathophysiologic mechanisms for this association are under study. Low heart rate variability, a marker of poor cardiac autonomic control, is associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. To address the possible mechanisms for PM-cardiovascular disease mortality, we examined the cardiac autonomic response to daily variations in PM in 26 elderly (mean age 81) individuals for 3 consecutive weeks. Several standardized methods were used to measure 24-hr average PM concentrations prior to the clinical test inside (indoor PM sub(2.5)) and immediately outside (outdoor PM sub(2.5) and PM sub(2.5-10)) of participants' residences. Resting, supine, 6-min R wave to R wave (R-R) interval data were collected to estimate high frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz) and low frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) powers and standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) as cardiac autonomic control indices. Participant-specific lower heart rate variability days were defined as days for which the high-frequency indices fell below the first tertile of the individual's high-frequency distribution over the study period. Indoor PM sub(2.5) > 15 mu g/m super(3) was used to define high pollution days. Results show that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of low heart rate variability high frequency for high (vs. not high) pollution days was 3.08 (1.43, 6.59). The beta -coefficients (standard error) from mixed models to assess the quantitative relationship between variations in indoor PM sub(2.5) and the log-transformed high frequency, low frequency, and SDNN were: -0.029 (0.010), -0.027 (0.009), and -0.004 (0.003), respectively. This first study of cardiac autonomic control response to daily variations of PM sub(2.5) indicates that increased levels of PM sub(2.5) are associated with lower cardiac autonomic control, suggesting a possible mechanistic link between PM and cardiovascular disease mortality. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Liao, D AU - Creason, J AU - Shy, C AU - Williams, R AU - Watts, R AU - Zweidinger, R AD - Epidemiology and Biomarkers Branch, Human Studies Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Drop 58C, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, creason.john@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 521 EP - 525 VL - 107 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - daily variations KW - elderly KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Age KW - Cardiovascular system KW - Heart rate KW - Particulate pollution KW - Pollution effects KW - Particulates KW - Public health KW - Geriatrics KW - Mortality KW - Air pollution KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17588564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Daily+variation+of+particulate+air+pollution+and+poor+cardiac+autonomic+control+in+the+elderly&rft.au=Liao%2C+D%3BCreason%2C+J%3BShy%2C+C%3BWilliams%2C+R%3BWatts%2C+R%3BZweidinger%2C+R&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Particulates; Pollution effects; Public health; Mortality; Cardiovascular system; Geriatrics; Age; Particulate pollution; Heart rate ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the ecological condition of the estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico AN - 17588020; 4572654 AB - Monitoring of estuaries in the Louisianian Province was performed annually from 1991-1994 to assess ecological conditions on a regional scale. We found over the four years of monitoring, 25 plus or minus 6% of Gulf of Mexico estuarine sediments in the Louisianian Province displayed poor biological conditions, as measured by benthic community structure, and 14 plus or minus 7% of the area was characterized by poor water clarity, the presence of marine debris, and elevated levels of fish tissue contaminants. Using statistical associations to discern relationships between ecological condition and exposure or stressor data has shown that much of this `degraded' condition co-occurs with sediment contamination. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Macauley, J M AU - Summers, J K AU - Engle, V D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, macauley.john@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 59 EP - 83 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Mexico Gulf KW - USA KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Ecology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Regional Analysis KW - Degradation KW - Contamination KW - Environmental Quality KW - Pollution effects KW - Benthic environment KW - Decomposition KW - Ecology KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Sediment pollution KW - Estuaries KW - Water Quality KW - Environmental quality standards KW - Sediments KW - Estuarine chemistry KW - Community composition KW - Marine pollution KW - Water transparency KW - Community structure KW - Monitoring KW - Environmental conditions KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Benthos KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17588020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+ecological+condition+of+the+estuaries+of+the+Gulf+of+Mexico&rft.au=Macauley%2C+J+M%3BSummers%2C+J+K%3BEngle%2C+V+D&rft.aulast=Macauley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005944829407 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Sediment pollution; Community composition; Water transparency; Pollution effects; Environmental conditions; Estuarine chemistry; Benthos; Community structure; Estuaries; Benthic environment; Monitoring; Sediments; Ecology; Contamination; Marine pollution; Environmental quality standards; Decomposition; Water quality (Natural waters); Regional Analysis; Degradation; Environmental Quality; Water Quality; ASW, USA, Louisiana DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005944829407 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolved oxygen conditions in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries AN - 17587970; 4572651 AB - Because deficient dissolved oxygen (DO) levels may have severe detrimental effects on estuarine and marine life, DO has been widely used as an indicator of ecological conditions by environmental monitoring programs. The U.S. EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program for Estuaries (EMAP-E) monitored DO conditions in the estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico from 1991 to 1994. DO was measured in two ways: 1) instantaneous profiles from the surface to the bottom were taken during the day, and 2) continuous measurements were taken near the bottom at 15 min intervals for at least 12 h. This information was summarized to assess the spatial distribution and severity of DO conditions in these estuaries. Depending on the criteria used to define hypoxia (DO concentrations usually <2 mg L super(-1) or <5 mg L super(-1)) and the method by which DO is measured, we estimate that between 5.2 and 29.3% of the total estuarine area in the Louisianian Province was affected by low DO conditions. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Engle, V D AU - Summers, J K AU - Macauley, J M AD - U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center, Gulf Breeze Project Office, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, engle.virginia@epmail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 1 EP - 20 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Mexico Gulf KW - USA, Mexico Gulf KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Ecosystems KW - Environmental Quality KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Ecology KW - Marine environment KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Estuaries KW - Dissolved Oxygen KW - Environmental quality standards KW - Estuarine chemistry KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Profiles KW - Hypoxia KW - Monitoring KW - Oxygen (Dissolved) KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17587970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Dissolved+oxygen+conditions+in+northern+Gulf+of+Mexico+estuaries&rft.au=Engle%2C+V+D%3BSummers%2C+J+K%3BMacauley%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Engle&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005980410752 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Pollution monitoring; Hypoxia; Estuarine chemistry; Dissolved oxygen; Ecology; Marine environment; Estuaries; Environmental quality standards; Monitoring; Oxygen (Dissolved); Ecosystems; Profiles; Environmental Quality; Dissolved Oxygen; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Louisiana DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005980410752 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The importance of ecoregion versus drainage area on fish distributions in the St. Croix River and its Wisconsin tributaries AN - 17443234; 4660691 AB - Aquatic ecoregions, based on regional landscape features, have been proposed as a model for aquatic resource management. The model assumes the existence of a typical biota associated with a given ecoregion and serves as the basis for biological assessment, reference site designation, and determination of stream potential, based on this biotic assemblage. Contrasting models for predicting stream ecosystem structure focus on the importance of local site conditions, including the regular and predictable changes that occur as a function of area draining to a site. In this study, a classification of 429 stream sites over an area of approximately 20000 km super(2) in the St. Croix River basin delineated three major species groups: redhorse/spotfin shiner; brook charr/sculpin; and mixed species. Numerical analyses revealed no relationship between the species communities and ecoregions. In contrast, there was a strong association between the species communities and the area draining to the site. Our study highlights the importance of accommodating the inherent structure associated with site drainage area when imposing a regionally-based ecological classification upon stream ecosystems. This structure is expressed in the systematic changes to the physical habitat that occur with increasing drainage area and are reflected by the species community at the site. Management models that currently incorporate ecoregions in the classification or prediction of stream ecosystem structure would benefit from the inclusion of specific components that incorporate drainage area measurements. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Newall, PR AU - Magnuson, J J AD - Geography Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison (now at Environment Protection Authority, 477 Collins Street, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia, peter.newall@epa.vic.gov.au Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 245 EP - 254 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - ecoregions KW - North America, St. Croix R. KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - USA, Wisconsin, St. Croix R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Prediction KW - River Basins KW - Spatial distribution KW - Ecosystems KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Models KW - Model Studies KW - Numerical Analysis KW - Pisces KW - Classification KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Structure KW - Species composition KW - Stream Fisheries KW - Drainage Area KW - Tributaries KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17443234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+ecoregion+versus+drainage+area+on+fish+distributions+in+the+St.+Croix+River+and+its+Wisconsin+tributaries&rft.au=Newall%2C+PR%3BMagnuson%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Newall&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1007527800434 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pisces; Ecosystems; Structure; Drainage Area; Classification; River Basins; Aquatic Habitats; Model Studies; Numerical Analysis; Prediction; Spatial Distribution; Stream Fisheries; Tributaries; Rivers; Spatial distribution; Models; Species composition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007527800434 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass Transfer of Volatile Organic Compounds from Drinking Water to Indoor Air: The Role of Residential Dishwashers AN - 17391873; 4611550 AB - Contaminated tap water may be a source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residential indoor air. To better understand the extent and impact of chemical emissions from this source, a two-phase mass balance model was developed based on mass transfer kinetics between each phase. Twenty-nine experiments were completed using a residential dishwasher to determine model parameters. During each experiment, inflow water was spiked with a cocktail of chemical tracers with a wide range of physicochemical properties. In each case, the effects of water temperature, detergent, and dish-loading pattern on chemical stripping efficiencies and mass transfer coefficients were determined. Dishwasher headspace ventilation rates were also measured using an isobutylene tracer gas. Chemical stripping efficiencies for a single cycle ranged from 18% to 55% for acetone, from 96% to 98% for toluene, and from 97% to 98% for ethylbenzene and were consistently 100% for cyclohexane. Experimental results indicate that dishwashers have a relatively low but continuous ventilation rate ( similar to 5.7 L/min) that results in significant chemical storage within the headspace of the dishwasher. In conjunction with relatively high mass transfer coefficients, low ventilation rates generally lead to emissions that are limited by equilibrium conditions after approximately 1-2 min of dishwasher operation. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Howard-Reed, C AU - Corsi, R L AU - Moya, J AD - The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Civil Engineering, ECJ 8.6, Austin, Texas 78712, USA, howard.cynthia@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 2266 EP - 2272 PB - American Chemical Society VL - 33 IS - 13 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - dishwashers KW - indoor air KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Consumer products KW - Ventilation KW - Detergents KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Tracers KW - Drinking Water KW - Emissions KW - Temperature Effects KW - Volatility KW - Experimental Data KW - Mass Transfer KW - Kinetics KW - Organic Compounds KW - Drinking water KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17391873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Mass+Transfer+of+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+from+Drinking+Water+to+Indoor+Air%3A+The+Role+of+Residential+Dishwashers&rft.au=Howard-Reed%2C+C%3BCorsi%2C+R+L%3BMoya%2C+J&rft.aulast=Howard-Reed&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=2266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Experimental Data; Drinking Water; Ventilation; Tracers; Mass Transfer; Organic Compounds; Volatility; Temperature Effects; Kinetics; Detergents; Indoor air pollution; Volatile organic compounds; Drinking water; Emissions; Consumer products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Kow Values for a Series of Aryl Glucuronides AN - 17373323; 4581995 AB - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of hazardous contaminants in the aquatic environment that readily accumulate in animals. We have recently become interested in understanding the formation, distribution, and elimination of phase II metabolites of PAHs in fish (McKim et al. 1993) in support of the U.S. EPA's hazardous chemical risk assessment programs. Glucuronides are one of the important phase II metabolites and are formed by the conjugation of glucuronic acid with phase I metabolites of PAHs, hydroxylated PAHs (Clarke et al. 1991). The commercial availability of aryl glucuronides for study is, however, limited. We have, therefore, prepared a series of para substituted phenyl glucuronides, and wish to report a simple yet effective sample cleanup procedure for their isolation from microsomal incubation solutions, and features of ultra violet (UV) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI/MS) data for their structural characterization. An important parameter in toxicokinetic modeling is the octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow). This parameter has often been used to predict the accumulation of contaminants from water to fish (Klamer and Beekman 1995); however, few Kow values are available for modeling the behavior of phase 11 metabolites within an animal. Therefore, Kow values for the synthesized glucuronides, along with a few commercially available glucuronides, were determined using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The measured values were compared to those predicted by a substituent additive model, CLOGP (Leo and Weinninger 1988). An assessment of this data is presented. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Kuehl, D W AU - Christensen, J AD - Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 0109 EP - 0116 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - octanol/water partition coefficient KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Water Pollution KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Brackish KW - Pollution effects KW - Metabolites KW - Freshwater KW - Water pollution KW - Pisces KW - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Aquatic Environment KW - Analytical techniques KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Fish KW - Chemical properties KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17373323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Kow+Values+for+a+Series+of+Aryl+Glucuronides&rft.au=Kuehl%2C+D+W%3BChristensen%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kuehl&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=0109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001289900955 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Ecotoxicology; Analytical techniques; Pollution effects; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Chemical properties; Pisces; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; Metabolites; Water pollution; Water Pollution; Hydrocarbons; Aquatic Environment; Fish; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900955 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytosol is required for the modulation by dietary casein of the hepatic microsomal activation of aflatoxin B1 to mutagenic metabolites detectable in Salmonella AN - 17346731; 4618743 AB - We have shown previously that dietary protein (casein) levels can affect the ability of rat liver S9 to metabolize aflatoxin B1 (AFB) as well as other promutagens detectable in Salmonella strain TA98 [Mutat. Res. (1997), 360, 115-126 and 127-143]. The mutagenic potency of AFB was greatest when metabolized by the Aroclor 1254-induced hepatic S9 prepared from F344 male rats that consumed an isocaloric, semisynthetic diet for 6 weeks that contained an adequate (12%) level of methionine-supplemented casein as the sole protein source, compared with S9s from rats fed diets that contained nominally deficient (8%) or high (22%) levels of casein. Here we have extended this observation by performing (i) mutagenicity studies with microsomes, cytosols and reconstituted S9s (recombinations of microsomes and cytosols across dietary groups), and (ii) in vitro incubations followed by analysis of metabolites by fluorescence high-pressure liquid chromatography. Microsomes, but not cytosols, activated AFB; however, activation to the level observed with S9 occurred only when microsomes from the rats fed 12% casein were combined with cytosols from any dietary group. Consistent with the mutagenicity results, the greatest metabolism of the AFB parent compound and the highest level of the glutathione conjugate of the presumptively identified AFB-exo-8,9-epoxide (the ultimate mutagenic form of AFB) were produced by S9s from the rats fed the 12% casein diet. The levels of these metabolites and the mutagenicity of AFB changed in parallel with changes in dietary casein levels. In summary, cytosolic elements, which are not affected by dietary casein levels, interact with microsomal enzymes, which are modulated by dietary casein levels, to influence the ability of hepatic S9 to activate AFB to a mutagen. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Woodall, GM Jr AU - Dauterman, W C AU - Hagler, WM Jr AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, demarini.david@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 365 EP - 373 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - casein KW - methionine KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - Casein KW - Mycotoxins KW - Salmonella KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17346731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Cytosol+is+required+for+the+modulation+by+dietary+casein+of+the+hepatic+microsomal+activation+of+aflatoxin+B1+to+mutagenic+metabolites+detectable+in+Salmonella&rft.au=Woodall%2C+GM+Jr%3BDauterman%2C+W+C%3BHagler%2C+WM+Jr%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Woodall&rft.aufirst=GM&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Casein; Mycotoxins; Aflatoxin B1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic: Health effects, mechanisms of actions, and research issues AN - 17321911; 4590326 AB - A meeting on the health effects of arsenic (As), its modes of action, and areas in need of future research was held in Hunt Valley, Maryland, on 22-24 September 1997. Exposure to As in drinking water has been associated with the development of skin and internal cancers and noncarcinogenic effects such as diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. There is little data on specific mechanism(s) of action for As, but a great deal of information on possible modes of action. Although arsenite [As(III)] can inhibit more than 200 enzymes, events underlying the induction of the noncarcinogenic effects of As are not understood. With respect to carcinogenicity, As can affect DNA repair, methylation of DNA, and increase radical formation and activation of the protooncogene c-myc, but none of these potential pathways have widespread acceptance as the principal etiologic event. In addition, there are no accepted models for the study of As-induced carcinogenesis. At the final meeting session we considered research needs. Among the most important areas cited were a) AS metabolism and its interaction with cellular constituents; b) possible bioaccumulation of As; c) interactions with other metals; d) effects of As on genetic material; e) development of animal models and cell systems to study effects of As; and f) a better characterization of human exposures as related to health risks. Some of the barriers to the advancement of As research included an apparent lack of interest in the United States on As research; lack of relevant animal models; difficulty with adoption of uniform methodologies; lack of accepted biomarkers; and the need for a central storage repository for stored specimens. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Abernathy, C O AU - Liu, Yung-Pin AU - Longfellow, D AU - Aposhian, H V AU - Beck, B AU - Fowler, B AU - Goyer, R AU - Menzer, R AU - Rossman, T AU - Thompson, C AU - Waalkes, M AD - Office of Science and Technology (4304), Room 1037 East Tower, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC, 20460-0001, USA, abernathy.charles@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 593 EP - 597 VL - 107 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - c-Myc gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Cardiovascular system KW - Animal models KW - Environmental health KW - Public health KW - Carcinogenicity KW - DNA methylation KW - Arsenic KW - Conferences KW - DNA repair KW - DNA KW - X 24165:Biochemistry KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17321911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Arsenic%3A+Health+effects%2C+mechanisms+of+actions%2C+and+research+issues&rft.au=Abernathy%2C+C+O%3BLiu%2C+Yung-Pin%3BLongfellow%2C+D%3BAposhian%2C+H+V%3BBeck%2C+B%3BFowler%2C+B%3BGoyer%2C+R%3BMenzer%2C+R%3BRossman%2C+T%3BThompson%2C+C%3BWaalkes%2C+M&rft.aulast=Abernathy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenicity; Conferences; DNA; Cardiovascular system; Environmental health; Animal models; Public health; Arsenic; DNA repair; DNA methylation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The bright and dark sides of environmental risk management AN - 17317866; 4595079 AB - Risk-based decision making (RBDM) is a set of practical, technically defensible and consistent activities (i.e., site investigation, exposure/risk assessment) and solutions (i.e., risk management options such as engineering controls and/or land use and access controls) that help to manage a site cleanup cost effectively. It advocates the combination of "best management practices" with "best available technology" to protect public health, water quality and the environment. RBDM has four main elements: site assessment, exposure/risk assessment, risk management, and environmental policy and regulation. JF - Strategic Environmental Management AU - Morse, SI AU - Arulanantham, R AD - Toxics Cleanup Division, San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, CA, USA Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 369 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1097-1823, 1097-1823 KW - decision making KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Water quality KW - Public health KW - Environment management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17317866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Strategic+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=The+bright+and+dark+sides+of+environmental+risk+management&rft.au=Morse%2C+SI%3BArulanantham%2C+R&rft.aulast=Morse&rft.aufirst=SI&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Strategic+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=10971823&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environment management; Water quality; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors influencing in vitro killing of bacteria by hemocytes of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) AN - 17303308; 4567974 AB - A tetrazolium dye reduction assay was used to study factors governing the killing of bacteria by oyster hemocytes. In vitro tests were performed on bacterial strains by using hemocytes from oysters collected from the same location in winter and summer. Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, altered in motility or colonial morphology (opaque and translucent), and Listeria monocytogenes mutants lacking catalase, superoxide dismutase, hemolysin, and phospholipase activities were examined in winter and summer. Vibrio vulnificus strains, opaque and translucent (with and without capsules), were examined only in summer. Among V. parahaemolyticus and L. monocytogenes, significantly (P 0.05) in killing by hemocytes were observed between opaque (encapsulated) and translucent (nonencapsulated) pairs of V. vulnificus. Activities of 19 hydrolytic enzymes were measured in oyster hemolymph collected in winter and summer. Only one enzyme, esterase (C4), showed a seasonal difference in activity (higher in winter than in summer). These results suggest that differences existed between bacterial genera in their ability to evade killing by oyster hemocytes, that a trait(s) associated with the opaque phenotype may have enabled V. parahaemolyticus to evade killing by the oyster's cellular defense, and that bactericidal activity of hemocytes was greater in summer than in winter. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Genthner, F J AU - Volety, A K AU - Oliver, L M AU - Fisher, W S AD - U.S. EPA, 1 Sabine Island Dr., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-5299, USA, genthner.fredpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 3015 EP - 3020 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Eastern oyster KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Shellfish culture KW - Immunity KW - Oyster culture KW - Disease resistance KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - fish diseases KW - Fish diseases KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - Hemocytes KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Seasonal variations KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Q4 27320:Shellfish culture (mollusks, crustacea) KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17303308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Factors+influencing+in+vitro+killing+of+bacteria+by+hemocytes+of+the+Eastern+oyster+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29&rft.au=Genthner%2C+F+J%3BVolety%2C+A+K%3BOliver%2C+L+M%3BFisher%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Genthner&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shellfish culture; Fish diseases; Disease resistance; Oyster culture; Immunity; Seasonal variations; fish diseases; Hemocytes; Listeria monocytogenes; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Crassostrea virginica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gestational Exposure to Chlorpyrifos: Comparative Distribution of Trichloropyridinol in the Fetus and Dam AN - 17293640; 4553206 AB - Chlorpyrifos (O,O'-diethyl O-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl] phosphorothionate) is a commonly used anticholinesterase insecticide, and therefore the potential for human exposure is high. The present time course and dose response studies were conducted to delineate the toxicokinetics of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites in the pregnant rat and fetus. Time-pregnant, Long-Evans rats were treated orally with chlorpyrifos during late gestation (Gestational Days 14-18). Following euthanasia the level of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites, chlorpyrifos-oxon and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), were measured in both fetal and maternal brain and liver (limits of quantitation: 59.2, 28.8, and 14.0 ng/g tissue, respectively). In addition, cholinesterase inhibition was also measured in the same tissues for comparison. TCP was the only component detected. The highest level of TCP and the lowest level of cholinesterase activity showed the same time of peak effect: 5 h after the last dose. The concentration of TCP in the maternal liver was approximately fivefold higher than the TCP concentration in fetal liver, but, paradoxically, the concentration of TCP in the fetal brain was two- to fourfold higher than the TCP concentration in the maternal brain. The half-life of the TCP was identical in all tissues examined (12-15 h). These toxicokinetic results suggest that the fetal nervous system may be exposed to a higher concentration of chlorpyrifos than the maternal nervous system when the dam is orally exposed to chlorpyrifos during late gestation. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Hunter, D L AU - Lassiter, T L AU - Padilla, S AD - Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Branch, Neurotoxicology Division, Mail Drop 74-B, National Health Effects and Ecological Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711., hunter.deborah@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 16 EP - 23 PB - Academic Press VL - 158 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Trichloropyridinol KW - chlorpyrifos KW - rats KW - trichloropyridinol KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Rats KW - Nervous system KW - Insecticides KW - Dose-response effects KW - Gestation KW - Brain KW - Intrauterine exposure KW - Fetuses KW - Pregnancy KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Liver KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24133:Metabolism KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17293640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Gestational+Exposure+to+Chlorpyrifos%3A+Comparative+Distribution+of+Trichloropyridinol+in+the+Fetus+and+Dam&rft.au=Hunter%2C+D+L%3BLassiter%2C+T+L%3BPadilla%2C+S&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.1999.8689 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fetuses; Pregnancy; Liver; Brain; Rats; Dose-response effects; Insecticides; Toxicity testing; Chlorpyrifos; Intrauterine exposure; Gestation; Nervous system DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1999.8689 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Criteria for evaluation of proposed protozoan detection methods AN - 17289037; 4522825 AB - There has been a proliferation of techniques and methods reported for analysis of water samples to determine the presence of the protozoan pathogens Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. Many of the proposed methods are presented as complete procedures, which include sampling, processing, staining, or detection steps while other methods are not complete. Some proposed methods have been extensively tested in multi-laboratory settings, however, others are still in the developmental stage. A set of evaluation criteria has been developed to evaluate the many proposed methods. These criteria have been applied as an example, to an existing method. These criteria should be useful to individuals attempting to evaluate methods developed for detecting protozoa in water, and conversely, they should serve as a guideline for individuals interested in developing methods, allowing them to gather data with and about their methods, and present this data in a manner that is both logical and easily evaluated. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Lindquist, HDA AU - Dufour AU - Wymer, L J AU - Schaefer III, FW AD - Microbiological and Chemical Exposure Research Division, National Environmental Research Laboratory, US EPA, 26 W. M.L. King Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1999/07/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jul 01 SP - 33 EP - 43 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - Giardia lamblia KW - detection KW - methodology KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water sampling KW - Pathogens KW - Giardiasis KW - Staining KW - Microbial contamination KW - Water analysis KW - Analytical methods KW - Giardia KW - Cryptosporidiosis KW - Protozoa KW - Cryptosporidium KW - Sampling methods KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - K 03071:Protozoa UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17289037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Criteria+for+evaluation+of+proposed+protozoan+detection+methods&rft.au=Lindquist%2C+HDA%3BDufour%3BWymer%2C+L+J%3BSchaefer+III%2C+FW&rft.aulast=Lindquist&rft.aufirst=HDA&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2899%2900039-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cryptosporidiosis; Protozoa; Water sampling; Microbial contamination; Staining; Giardiasis; Pathogens; Water analysis; Sampling methods; Analytical methods; Giardia; Cryptosporidium; Giardia lamblia; Cryptosporidium parvum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(99)00039-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retention of sulfur dioxide by nylon filters AN - 16123619; 4561373 AB - Based on laboratory studies, recovery efficiencies of sulfur dioxide (SO sub(2)) were determined for nylon filters. The nylon filters used in these experiments were found to retain SO sub(2). A relatively uniform amount (1.7%) was recoverable from each nylon filter, independent of relative humidity. An appreciable portion of SO sub(2) was unrecoverable, and this increased from 5 to 16% as the RH increased from 28 to 49%. This unrecoverable SO sub(2) may account for previous reports of a low bias for SO sub(2) determinations employing filter packs using nylon filters. Additional characterization of nylon filters is recommended prior to their future deployment as an integrative sampling medium for ambient air. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Sickles, JE II AU - Hodson, L L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, MD-56, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, sickles.joseph@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 2423 EP - 2426 VL - 33 IS - 15 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - nylon filters KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Filters KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Air sampling KW - Humidity KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16123619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Retention+of+sulfur+dioxide+by+nylon+filters&rft.au=Sickles%2C+JE+II%3BHodson%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Sickles&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2898%2900426-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Sulfur dioxide; Air sampling; Humidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00426-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intercomparison of nocturnal mixing height estimate methods for urban air pollution modelling AN - 16123606; 4561368 AB - One of the most important meteorological input parameters for three-dimensional photochemical air pollution models is the mixing height h, which has a strong influence on the shape and intensity of the vertical diffusivity K sub(z) and, as a consequence, on ground-level air concentrations of primary and secondary pollutants. A number of indirect algorithms for the estimate of h in nocturnal, stable conditions, when the mixing is dominated by mechanical turbulence, are reviewed and compared with mixing heights derived from wind (SODAR) and temperature (RASS) profiles measured in the Milan urban area during spring and summer 1996. Mixing heights derived from temperature soundings correlate positively with those derived from wind soundings only when a stable layer is superimposed to a quasi-adiabatic layer, while the correlation is very weak in the presence of a ground-based inversion. In general, indirect algorithms perform very poorly if compared with RASS-based estimates, and reasonably well if compared with SODAR-based estimates. Among the others, Benkley and Schulman (1979, Journal of Applied Meteorology 18, 772-780) method, which makes use of wind speed observed at 10 m height, and Nieuwstadt (1984, Boundary-Layer Meteorology 30, 31-55), which makes use of friction velocity and Monin-Obukhov length, give the best results. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Lena, F AU - Desiato, F AD - Agenzia Nazionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente (ANPA), (National Environmental Protection Agency), Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 - 00144 Roma, Italy, lena@aosf01.anpa.it Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 2385 EP - 2393 VL - 33 IS - 15 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Italy, Milan KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Temperature KW - Photochemicals KW - Meteorology KW - Seasonal variations KW - Wind KW - Urban areas KW - Air pollution measurements KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16123606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Intercomparison+of+nocturnal+mixing+height+estimate+methods+for+urban+air+pollution+modelling&rft.au=Lena%2C+F%3BDesiato%2C+F&rft.aulast=Lena&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2898%2900398-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photochemicals; Temperature; Meteorology; Seasonal variations; Wind; Air pollution measurements; Urban areas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00398-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptations of wild populations of the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus to persistent environmental contaminants AN - 17579952; 4549429 AB - Many aquatic species, including the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichogs), adapt to local environmental conditions. We conducted studies to evaluate whether highly exposed populations of mummichogs adapt to toxic environmental contaminants. These fish populations are indigenous to an urban estuary contaminated with persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants (dioxin-like compounds, or DLCs) that are particularly toxic to the early development of fish. We conducted laboratory challenge experiments to compare mummichog embryos and larvae from reference sites and this highly contaminated site [New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts, USA] for their sensitivity to DLCs. While there was variation in DLC-responsiveness within each group, fish from NBH were profoundly less sensitive to DLCs than reference fish. Specifically, concentrations of DLCs similar to those measured in NBH-collected mummichog eggs were lethal to reference embryos. Further, DLC-responsiveness was inherited and independent of maternal contaminant contributions. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that DLC contamination in NBH has contributed to the selection of fish that are resistant to the short-term toxic effects of these environmental-contaminant exposures. This adaptation may be a critical mechanism by which fish populations persist in this highly contaminated site. Further evaluation of this ecosystem may provide important information concerning the direct and indirect consequences of this "unnatural selection. JF - Marine Biology AU - Nacci, D AU - Coiro, L AU - Champlin, D AU - Jayaraman, S AU - McKinney, R AU - Gleason, T R AU - Munns, WRJr AU - Specker, J L AU - Cooper, K R AD - USA Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, nacci.diane@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06/16/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 16 SP - 9 EP - 17 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 0025-3162, 0025-3162 KW - Dioxin-like compounds KW - Mummichog KW - Fundulus heteroclitus KW - USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Estuarine Environment KW - Pollution effects KW - Fish larvae KW - Toxicity tolerance KW - Fish Eggs KW - Lethal Effects KW - Exposure KW - Embryos KW - Chemical pollution KW - Brackishwater fish KW - Adaptations KW - Larvae KW - Brackish KW - Toxicity KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford, New Bedford Harbor KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Fish KW - Chemical pollutants KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17579952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Biology&rft.atitle=Adaptations+of+wild+populations+of+the+estuarine+fish+Fundulus+heteroclitus+to+persistent+environmental+contaminants&rft.au=Nacci%2C+D%3BCoiro%2C+L%3BChamplin%2C+D%3BJayaraman%2C+S%3BMcKinney%2C+R%3BGleason%2C+T+R%3BMunns%2C+WRJr%3BSpecker%2C+J+L%3BCooper%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Nacci&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-06-16&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Biology&rft.issn=00253162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002270050520 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fundulus heteroclitus; Water Pollution Effects; Exposure; Fish; Estuarine Environment; Bioaccumulation; Fish Eggs; Lethal Effects; Toxicity; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford, New Bedford Harbor; Embryos; Larvae; Pollution effects; Chemical pollution; Brackishwater fish; Toxicity tolerance; Chemical pollutants; Fish larvae; Adaptations; Estuarine organisms; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050520 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water analysis. AN - 69852863; 10384783 JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Richardson, S D AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. Y1 - 1999/06/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 15 SP - 181R EP - 215R VL - 71 IS - 12 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drinking KW - Waste Management KW - Water Purification -- methods KW - Water -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Water Microbiology -- standards KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Water Supply -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69852863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Water+analysis.&rft.au=Richardson%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-06-15&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=181R&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calculating the interindividual geometric standard deviation for use in the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children. AN - 85260575; pmid-10339449 AB - The integrated exposure uptake biokinetic (IEUBK) model, recommended for use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at residential Superfund sites to predict potential risks to children from lead exposure and to establish lead remediation levels, requires an interindividual geometric standard deviation (GSDi) as an essential input parameter. The GSDi quantifies the variability of blood lead concentrations for children exposed to similar environmental concentrations of lead. Estimates of potential risks are directly related to the GSDi, and therefore the GSDi directly impacts the scope of remediation at Superfund sites. Site-specific GSDi can be calculated for sites where blood lead and environmental lead have been measured. This paper uses data from blood and environmental lead studies conducted at the Bingham Creek and Sandy, Utah, Superfund sites to calculate GSDi using regression modeling, box modeling, and structural equation modeling. GSDis were calculated using various methods for treating values below the analytical method detection and quantitation limits. Treatment of nonquantifiable blood lead concentrations affected the GSDi more than the statistical method used to calculate the GSDi. For any given treatment, the different statistical methods produced similar GSDis. Because of the uncertainties associated with data in the blood lead studies, we recommend that a range of GSDis be used when analyzing site-specific risks associated with exposure to environmental lead instead of a single estimate. Because the different statistical methods produce similar GSDis, we recommend a simple procedure to calculate site-specific GSDi from a scientifically sound blood and environmental lead study. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Griffin, S AU - Marcus, A AU - Schulz, T AU - Walker, S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII, Denver, Colorado, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 481 EP - 487 VL - 107 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Regression Analysis KW - Human KW - Algorithms KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Child KW - Utah KW - Models, Biological KW - Lead UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85260575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Calculating+the+interindividual+geometric+standard+deviation+for+use+in+the+integrated+exposure+uptake+biokinetic+model+for+lead+in+children.&rft.au=Griffin%2C+S%3BMarcus%2C+A%3BSchulz%2C+T%3BWalker%2C+S&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-induction of pyrene and phenanthrene in a Mycobacterium sp. isolated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated river sediments. AN - 69974957; 10453479 AB - A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading culture enriched from contaminated river sediments and a Mycobacterium sp. isolated from the enrichment were tested to investigate the possible synergistic and antagonistic interactions affecting the degradation of pyrene in the presence of low molecular weight PAHs. The Mycobacterium sp. was able to mineralize 63% of the added pyrene when it was present as a sole source of carbon and energy. When the enrichment culture and the isolated bacterium were exposed to phenanthrene, de novo protein synthesis was not required for the rapid mineralization of pyrene, which reached 52% in chloramphenicol-treated cultures and 44% in the absence of the protein inhibitor. In the presence of chloramphenicol, < 1% of the added pyrene was mineralized by the mixed culture after exposure to anthracene and naphthalene. These compounds did not inhibit pyrene utilization when present at the same time as pyrene. Concurrent mineralization of pyrene and phenanthrene after exposure to either compound was observed. Cross-acclimation between ring classes of PAHs may be a potentially important interaction influencing the biodegradation of aromatic compounds in contaminated environments. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Molina, M AU - Araujo, R AU - Hodson, R E AD - Ecosystems Research Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. molina.marirosa@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 520 EP - 529 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Aromatic KW - Phenanthrenes KW - Pyrenes KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - phenanthrene KW - 448J8E5BST KW - pyrene KW - 9E0T7WFW93 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fresh Water -- microbiology KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism KW - Phenanthrenes -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- growth & development KW - Geologic Sediments -- microbiology KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- isolation & purification KW - Hydrocarbons, Aromatic -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69974957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.atitle=Cross-induction+of+pyrene+and+phenanthrene+in+a+Mycobacterium+sp.+isolated+from+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+contaminated+river+sediments.&rft.au=Molina%2C+M%3BAraujo%2C+R%3BHodson%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Molina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=520&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of benchmark dose methodology with acute inhalation lethality data. AN - 69861653; 10388612 AB - Benchmark dose methodology has been proposed as a refinement to the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) methods currently used for health risk assessments. We compared log-normal probit and quantal Weibull benchmark concentration (BMC) estimates using 1, 5, and 10% response incidences with inhalation toxicity NOAELs and LOAELs from 120 acute lethality data sets. These studies yielded relatively steep dose-response slopes, which in turn influenced the suitability of selecting response incidences. The mean magnitude of difference between the 95% lower confidence limits (LCLs) for 1, 5, or 10% BMCs and corresponding NOAELs was less than twofold using the probit model and less than fourfold using the Weibull model. BMC estimates at the 10% response exceeded the observed LOAEL in some cases. Maximum likelihood estimates for doses with 1, 5, or 10% responses frequently exceeded LOAELs. The probit model repeatedly gave a better fit for the data compared with the Weibull model, resulting in improved goodness of fit tests and reduced 95% confidence intervals. The 95% LCL appears to be necessary at the 1, 5, or 10% response levels in order to safely estimate a concentration below that resulting in a LOAEL. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Fowles, J R AU - Alexeeff, G V AU - Dodge, D AD - California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Cal/EPA, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, California 94612, USA. jeff.fowles@esr.cri.nz Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 262 EP - 278 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Sex Factors KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Dogs KW - Algorithms KW - Rabbits KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Toxicology -- standards KW - Aerosols -- toxicity KW - Aerosols -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69861653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=The+use+of+benchmark+dose+methodology+with+acute+inhalation+lethality+data.&rft.au=Fowles%2C+J+R%3BAlexeeff%2C+G+V%3BDodge%2C+D&rft.aulast=Fowles&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of aldicarb and methamidophos neurotoxicity at different ages in the rat: behavioral and biochemical parameters. AN - 69827461; 10366542 AB - Young organisms are often more sensitive to the toxic effects of pesticides, and this finding has spurred research on further characterization of this susceptibility. The neurotoxic effects of cholinesterase (ChE)-inhibiting pesticides are of particular concern for human health risk assessment due to the widespread exposure potential in children. This study evaluated age-related differences in susceptibility for a carbamate (aldicarb) and an organophosphorus pesticide (methamidophos). Comparisons were made between preweanling (Postnatal Day 17, PND17), postweanling (PND27), and adult (approximately PND70) male and female rats. All were acute studies using oral administration. Sensitivity was quantified by (1) determination of maximally-tolerated doses (MTDs); (2) measurement of brain and blood ChE inhibition; and (3) neurobehavioral evaluation using end points known to be sensitive indicators of exposure to anticholinesterases. MTD data showed that preweanling rats were twice as sensitive as adults to aldicarb, but there was no differential sensitivity to methamidophos. The dose-response data for brain ChE inhibition followed a similar pattern of age-related differences, and similar levels of inhibition were measured at the MTD regardless of age. Dose-response and time course studies of neurobehavioral end points indicated that differential effects due to age depend on the behavioral end point examined. Following aldicarb administration, the dose-response curves for a few end points overlapped; however, the young rats otherwise showed fewer signs of toxicity than did the adults despite similar levels of brain ChE inhibition. Motor activity assessment showed that aldicarb did not produce any activity depression in PND17 rats, whereas the data for the PND27 and adult rats overlapped. With methamidophos, the dose-response curves for most end points for preweanling and adult rats were quite similar. Aldicarb-induced ChE inhibition was readily reversible in all age groups, whereas with methamidophos, enzyme activity recovered more rapidly in the young. Most behavioral alterations had recovered by 24 h with either pesticide. The results of these studies indicate that (1) ChE-inhibiting pesticides are not all the same regarding relative sensitivity of the young; (2) age-related differences were reflected in both the MTDs and degree of ChE inhibition; and (3) age-related differences in neurobehavioral measures depended on the pesticide and on the end points examined. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Moser, V C AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/06/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jun 01 SP - 94 EP - 106 VL - 157 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - Aldicarb KW - 8V071SH05P KW - methamidophos KW - 8Z083FM94W KW - Cholinesterases KW - EC 3.1.1.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Ataxia -- chemically induced KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Tremor -- chemically induced KW - Rats KW - Cholinesterases -- metabolism KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Gait -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Aldicarb -- toxicity KW - Aldicarb -- blood KW - Aldicarb -- administration & dosage KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Aging KW - Nervous System -- metabolism KW - Nervous System -- growth & development KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- blood KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69827461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+aldicarb+and+methamidophos+neurotoxicity+at+different+ages+in+the+rat%3A+behavioral+and+biochemical+parameters.&rft.au=Moser%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Dec 15;161(3):302-5 [10620488] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Thirteenth Aspen Cancer Conference: workshop on mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenesis. AN - 69819898; 10365911 JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Nesnow, S AU - Cavanee, W AU - Gilmer, T M AU - Kaufman, D G AU - Slaga, T J AU - Hohman, R AU - Bishop, J M AU - Poirier, M C AU - Harris, C C AU - Trump, B F AU - Yuspa, S H AU - Pfeifer, A M AU - Sherman, M I AU - Tennant, R Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 99 EP - 106 VL - 25 IS - 2 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69819898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Thirteenth+Aspen+Cancer+Conference%3A+workshop+on+mechanisms+of+toxicity+and+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BCavanee%2C+W%3BGilmer%2C+T+M%3BKaufman%2C+D+G%3BSlaga%2C+T+J%3BHohman%2C+R%3BBishop%2C+J+M%3BPoirier%2C+M+C%3BHarris%2C+C+C%3BTrump%2C+B+F%3BYuspa%2C+S+H%3BPfeifer%2C+A+M%3BSherman%2C+M+I%3BTennant%2C+R&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory epithelial cells demonstrate lactoferrin receptors that increase after metal exposure. AN - 69814883; 10362717 AB - Human airway epithelial cells can increase expression of both lactoferrin and ferritin after exposure to catalytically active metal. These proteins transport and store metal, with coordination sites fully complexed, and therefore can diminish the oxidative stress. The intracellular transport of lactoferrin results in a transfer of complexed metal to ferritin, where it is stored in a less reactive form. This effort to control the injurious properties of metals would be facilitated by lactoferrin receptors (LfRs) on airway epithelial cells. We tested the hypotheses that 1) LfRs exist on respiratory epithelial cells and 2) exposure to both an air pollution particle, which has abundant concentrations of metals, and individual metal salts increase the expression of LfRs. Before exposure to either the particle or metals, incubation of BEAS-2B cells with varying concentrations of 125I-labeled lactoferrin demonstrated lactoferrin binding that was saturable. Measurement of 125I-lactoferrin binding after the inclusion of 100 micrograms/ml of oil fly ash in the incubation medium demonstrated increased binding within 5 min of exposure, which reached a maximal value at 45 min. Inclusion of 1.0 mM deferoxamine in the incubation of BEAS-2B cells with 100 micrograms/ml of oil fly ash decreased lactoferrin binding. Comparable to the particle, exposure of BEAS-2B cells to either 1.0 mM vanadyl sulfate or 1.0 mM iron (III) sulfate, but not to nickel sulfate, for 45 min elevated LfR activity. We conclude that LfRs on respiratory epithelial cells increased after exposure to metal. LfRs could participate in decreasing the oxidative stress presented to the lower respiratory tract by complexing catalytically active metals. JF - The American journal of physiology AU - Ghio, A J AU - Carter, J D AU - Dailey, L A AU - Devlin, R B AU - Samet, J M AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. ghio.andy@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - L933 EP - L940 VL - 276 IS - 6 Pt 1 SN - 0002-9513, 0002-9513 KW - Chelating Agents KW - 0 KW - Coal Ash KW - Culture Media KW - Metals KW - Particulate Matter KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - Receptors, Cell Surface KW - lactoferrin receptors KW - Vanadium KW - 00J9J9XKDE KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Lactoferrin KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Deferoxamine KW - J06Y7MXW4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollution KW - Carbon -- pharmacology KW - Iron -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Culture Media -- pharmacology KW - Epithelial Cells -- metabolism KW - Chelating Agents -- pharmacology KW - Deferoxamine -- pharmacology KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Iron -- administration & dosage KW - Vanadium -- pharmacology KW - Lactoferrin -- metabolism KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Culture Media -- chemistry KW - Receptors, Cell Surface -- metabolism KW - Metals -- pharmacology KW - Bronchi -- cytology KW - Bronchi -- metabolism KW - Bronchi -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Cell Surface -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69814883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.atitle=Respiratory+epithelial+cells+demonstrate+lactoferrin+receptors+that+increase+after+metal+exposure.&rft.au=Ghio%2C+A+J%3BCarter%2C+J+D%3BDailey%2C+L+A%3BDevlin%2C+R+B%3BSamet%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Ghio&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=6+Pt+1&rft.spage=L933&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.issn=00029513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a major mutagenic oxidative DNA lesion, and DNA strand breaks in nasal respiratory epithelium of children exposed to urban pollution. AN - 69780261; 10339447 AB - Southwest metropolitan Mexico City children are repeatedly exposed to high levels of a complex mixture of air pollutants, including ozone, particulate matter, aldehydes, metals, and nitrogen oxides. We explored nasal cell 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a major mutagenic lesion producing G-->T transversion mutations, using an immunohistochemical method, and DNA single strand breaks (ssb) using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay as biomarkers of oxidant exposure. Nasal biopsies from the posterior inferior turbinate were examined in children in grades one through five, including 12 controls from a low-polluted coastal town and 87 Mexico City children. Each biopsy was divided for the 8-OHdG and DNA ssb assays. There was an age-dependent increase in the percentage of nasal cells with DNA tails > 10 microm in Mexico City children: 19 +/- 9% for control cells, and 43 +/- 4, 50 +/- 16, 56 +/- 17, 60 +/- 17 and 73 +/- 14%, respectively, for first through fifth graders (p < 0.05). Nasal ssb were significantly higher in fifth graders than in first graders (p < 0.05). Higher levels (2.3- to 3-fold) of specific nuclear staining for 8-OHdG were observed in exposed children as compared to controls (p < 0.05). These results suggest that DNA damage is present in nasal epithelial cells in Mexico City children. Persistent oxidative DNA damage may ultimately result in a selective growth of pr eneoplastic nasal initiated cells in this population and the potential for nasal neoplasms may increase with age. The combination of 8-OHdG and DNA ssb should be useful for monitoring oxidative damage in people exposed to polluted atmospheres. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Calderón-Garcidueñas, L AU - Wen-Wang, L AU - Zhang, Y J AU - Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A AU - Osnaya, N AU - Villarreal-Calderón, A AU - Santella, R M AD - Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. calderon.lilian@epamial.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 469 EP - 474 VL - 107 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine KW - 88847-89-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Mexico KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Humans KW - Epithelium -- metabolism KW - Child KW - Urban Population KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Cell Survival KW - Nasal Mucosa -- pathology KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Oxidative Stress -- genetics KW - Nasal Mucosa -- drug effects KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69780261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=8-hydroxy-2%27-deoxyguanosine%2C+a+major+mutagenic+oxidative+DNA+lesion%2C+and+DNA+strand+breaks+in+nasal+respiratory+epithelium+of+children+exposed+to+urban+pollution.&rft.au=Calder%C3%B3n-Garcidue%C3%B1as%2C+L%3BWen-Wang%2C+L%3BZhang%2C+Y+J%3BRodriguez-Alcaraz%2C+A%3BOsnaya%2C+N%3BVillarreal-Calder%C3%B3n%2C+A%3BSantella%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Calder%C3%B3n-Garcidue%C3%B1as&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mutat Res. 1997 Apr 29;375(2):183-93 [9202728] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Feb;104(2):160-8 [8820583] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Jul;18(7):1419-21 [9230290] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1997;30(1):11-20 [9258325] Mutat Res. 1997 Oct 31;380(1-2):27-31 [9385387] Mutat Res. 1997 Oct 31;380(1-2):77-96 [9385391] Mutat Res. 1997 Oct 31;380(1-2):125-41 [9385394] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Nov;18(11):2205-8 [9395222] Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1231-3 [3975611] Am J Pathol. 1987 Jul;128(1):29-44 [3605312] Exp Cell Res. 1988 Mar;175(1):184-91 [3345800] Mayo Clin Proc. 1988 Apr;63(4):390-408 [3280885] Free Radic Res Commun. 1989;7(3-6):121-8 [2684796] Arch Environ Health. 1990 Mar-Apr;45(2):80-7 [2185706] Mol Aspects Med. 1991;12(2):137-47 [2072822] Am J Pathol. 1992 Jan;140(1):225-32 [1731527] J Bacteriol. 1992 Oct;174(20):6321-5 [1328155] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1993;23(1):21-48 [8471159] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Sep 1;90(17):7915-22 [8367443] Trends Genet. 1993 Jul;9(7):246-9 [8379000] Mutat Res. 1994 Feb;317(1):25-42 [7507571] Free Radic Biol Med. 1994 Jan;16(1):111-5 [8299986] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 4:225-30 [8206037] Pharm Res. 1996 May;13(5):649-62 [8860419] J Mol Med (Berl). 1996 Jun;74(6):297-312 [8862511] J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1996 Apr;46(4):335-42 [8901275] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Nov;141(1):195-204 [8917692] Carcinogenesis. 1996 Nov;17(11):2525-7 [8968073] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Jan;18(1):97-105 [9054595] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Jan;18(1):185-92 [9054605] Biochem Soc Trans. 1997 Feb;25(1):326-31 [9056893] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Sep;105 Suppl 5:1089-93 [9400705] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Sep;105 Suppl 5:1279-83 [9400738] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Sep;105 Suppl 5:1291-6 [9400740] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Dec;18(12):2379-84 [9450485] Carcinogenesis. 1998 Feb;19(2):347-51 [9498287] Eur J Cancer Prev. 1998 Feb;7(1):9-16 [9511847] FEBS Lett. 1998 Feb 20;423(2):231-4 [9512363] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Feb;106 Suppl 1:289-95 [9539021] Lancet. 1994 Sep 24;344(8926):862-3 [7916406] Methods Cell Biol. 1994;41:15-38 [7861963] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Dec;102 Suppl 10:123-9 [7705286] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Dec;102 Suppl 10:85-90 [7705313] Mutat Res. 1995 Jun;329(1):29-36 [7770074] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jun 6;92(12):5258-65 [7777494] Carcinogenesis. 1995 Jun;16(6):1441-5 [7540513] Cancer Lett. 1995 Jun 29;93(1):113-20 [7600538] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1995 Aug;45(4):427-37 [7643430] FEBS Lett. 1995 Oct 30;374(2):233-6 [7589542] FEBS Lett. 1995 Nov 20;375(3):179-82 [7498494] Clin Chem. 1995 Dec;41(12 Pt 2):1819-28 [7497639] Biochem J. 1996 Jan 1;313 ( Pt 1):17-29 [8546679] Toxicol Lett. 1995 Dec;82-83:683-91 [8597127] Chest. 1996 Mar;109(3 Suppl):35S-39S [8598145] Carcinogenesis. 1996 May;17(5):1175-7 [8640932] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1996;27(3):185-95 [8625954] Cancer Res. 1996 Feb 15;56(4):683-8 [8630995] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Jul 5;224(1):17-22 [8694807] Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;20(6):859-64 [8728035] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 May;104 Suppl 3:441-3 [8781360] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 May;104 Suppl 3:465-9 [8781365] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 May;104 Suppl 3:569-77 [8781385] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 22;94(15):8016-20 [9223306] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breast Milk Monitoring Programs (BMMPs): world-wide early warning system for polyhalogenated POPs and for targeting studies in children's environmental health. AN - 69780194; 10339441 JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Hooper, K AD - Hazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA. Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 429 EP - 430 VL - 107 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - Environmental Health KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Child Welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69780194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Breast+Milk+Monitoring+Programs+%28BMMPs%29%3A+world-wide+early+warning+system+for+polyhalogenated+POPs+and+for+targeting+studies+in+children%27s+environmental+health.&rft.au=Hooper%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Public Health. 1986 Feb;76(2):172-7 [3080910] Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1992;18(1-2):9-13 [1483367] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Jan;102 Suppl 1:173-85 [8187706] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Mar;103 Suppl 2:135-42 [7614935] Pediatr Res. 1996 Nov;40(5):671-9 [8910931] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Nov;105(11):1250-4 [9370517] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107(6):447-57 [10515712] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 May;106(5):273-7 [9520360] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106(12):797-806 [9831540] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jan;107(1):45-51 [9872716] Comment On: Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107(6):459-62 [10339445] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107(6):447-57 [10515712] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent developments in neurotoxicology. AN - 69502038; 11202991 JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - MacPhail, R C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. robert@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 519 EP - 521 VL - 11 IS - 6-7 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69502038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Recent+developments+in+neurotoxicology.&rft.au=MacPhail%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=MacPhail&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water analysis AN - 52409088; 2000-009277 JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC) AU - Richardson, Susan D Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 181 EP - 215 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 71 IS - 12 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - methods KW - water quality KW - sea water KW - medical geology KW - isotopes KW - waste water KW - regulations KW - watersheds KW - drinking water KW - nitrogen KW - ground water KW - geochemical indicators KW - Foraminifera KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Invertebrata KW - geochemistry KW - nitrite ion KW - heavy metals KW - water KW - hydrology KW - Protista KW - sulfates KW - Rotaliacea KW - pollutants KW - Ammonia KW - surface water KW - arsenic KW - Rotaliina KW - purification KW - pollution KW - nitrates KW - phosphorus KW - phosphates KW - hydrochemistry KW - inorganic materials KW - nutrients KW - organic compounds KW - metals KW - turbidity KW - carbonates KW - microorganisms KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52409088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%2C+DC%29&rft.atitle=Water+analysis&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Susan+D&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%2C+DC%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/38876 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 631 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - 10 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ammonia; arsenic; carbonates; drinking water; Foraminifera; geochemical indicators; geochemistry; ground water; heavy metals; hydrochemistry; hydrology; inorganic materials; Invertebrata; isotopes; medical geology; metals; methods; microorganisms; nitrates; nitrite ion; nitrogen; nutrients; organic compounds; phosphates; phosphorus; pollutants; pollution; Protista; purification; radioactive isotopes; regulations; Rotaliacea; Rotaliina; sea water; sulfates; surface water; turbidity; waste water; water; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of concentration and risk predictions in the PRESTO and MMSOILS multimedia models; regression technique assessment AN - 52380655; 2000-019678 JF - Risk Analysis AU - Mills, William B AU - Lew, Christine S AU - Hung, Cheng Y Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 511 EP - 525 PB - Society for Risk Analysis, New York-London VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - soils KW - PRESTO KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - spatial data KW - pollutants KW - Monte Carlo analysis KW - landfills KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - MMSOILS KW - migration of elements KW - chemical waste KW - radioactive waste KW - computer programs KW - interactive techniques KW - sensitivity analysis KW - waste disposal KW - regression analysis KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52380655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+concentration+and+risk+predictions+in+the+PRESTO+and+MMSOILS+multimedia+models%3B+regression+technique+assessment&rft.au=Mills%2C+William+B%3BLew%2C+Christine+S%3BHung%2C+Cheng+Y&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RIANDF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical waste; computer programs; concentration; data processing; interactive techniques; landfills; migration of elements; MMSOILS; monitoring; Monte Carlo analysis; pollutants; pollution; prediction; PRESTO; radioactive waste; regression analysis; sensitivity analysis; soils; spatial data; statistical analysis; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A commentary on GeoVRML; a tool for 3D representation of georeferenced data on the Web AN - 50893621; 2003-027234 JF - International Journal of Geographical Information Science AU - Rhyne, Theresa-Marie A2 - Kraak, Menno-Jan Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 439 EP - 443 PB - Taylor & Francis, London VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1365-8816, 1365-8816 KW - Global Positioning System KW - computer languages KW - data processing KW - cartographic projections KW - pixels KW - Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) KW - World Wide Web KW - computer programs KW - geography KW - GeoVRML KW - computer networks KW - Internet KW - coordinates KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50893621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Geographical+Information+Science&rft.atitle=A+commentary+on+GeoVRML%3B+a+tool+for+3D+representation+of+georeferenced+data+on+the+Web&rft.au=Rhyne%2C+Theresa-Marie&rft.aulast=Rhyne&rft.aufirst=Theresa-Marie&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Geographical+Information+Science&rft.issn=13658816&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/13658816.asp LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International Cartographic Association's Commission on Visualization meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cartographic projections; computer languages; computer networks; computer programs; coordinates; data processing; geography; GeoVRML; Global Positioning System; Internet; pixels; Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML); World Wide Web ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of episodic acidification in North-eastern USA; an empirical/mechanistic approach AN - 50461929; 2009-075435 JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Davies, T D AU - Tranter, M AU - Wigington, P J, Jr AU - Eshleman, K N AU - Peters, N E AU - Van Sickle, J AU - DeWalle, David R AU - Murdoch, P S Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - June 1999 SP - 1181 EP - 1195 PB - Wiley, New York, NY VL - 13 IS - 8 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - United States KW - processes KW - programs KW - North America KW - monitoring KW - surface water KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - Appalachians KW - Eastern U.S. KW - Appalachian Plateau KW - Northeastern U.S. KW - New York KW - sampling KW - acidification KW - streams KW - Catskill Mountains KW - Pennsylvania KW - discharge KW - Adirondack Mountains KW - regression analysis KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50461929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+episodic+acidification+in+North-eastern+USA%3B+an+empirical%2Fmechanistic+approach&rft.au=Davies%2C+T+D%3BTranter%2C+M%3BWigington%2C+P+J%2C+Jr%3BEshleman%2C+K+N%3BPeters%2C+N+E%3BVan+Sickle%2C+J%3BDeWalle%2C+David+R%3BMurdoch%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/4125 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; Adirondack Mountains; Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; Catskill Mountains; discharge; Eastern U.S.; monitoring; New York; North America; Northeastern U.S.; Pennsylvania; pollution; prediction; processes; programs; regression analysis; sampling; statistical analysis; streams; surface water; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Concentration and Time of Day in Developing Ozone Exposure Indices for a Secondary Standard AN - 20627045; 4590670 AB - Evidence from exposure-response studies and a turbulent transfer model demonstrate that plant response is differential to concentration, duration, temporal pattern, and time of day of exposure. Reductions in productivity of crops and trees as seedlings are greater when plants are exposed to higher daytime ozone (O sub(3)) concentrations (0800-2000 hr standard time) or for longer durations. Primary evidence on the greater role of concentration comes from exposure-response experiments where plants are exposed to a series of pollutant concentrations in open-top chambers under field conditions. These studies demonstrate that the integrated exposure indices that give preferential weight to higher concentrations are better predictors of response than mean or peak indices. Evidence suggesting that mid-range O sub(3) concentrations (0.05-0.09 parts per million, ppm) play a greater role than higher concentrations (>0.09 ppm) in biological response could not be justified. The time of day when O sub(3) concentrations and atmospheric and stomatal conductances of gas exchange are optimal is a key to understanding plant response because plants respond only to O sub(3) entering the leaf via stomata. A turbulent transfer model that describes the resistance of pollutant gas exchange from the atmosphere to the boundary layer of a forest canopy, as a function of micrometeorological variables, is developed to determine when flux of O sub(3) is optimal. Based on meteorological and ambient air quality monitoring data at remote forest sites in the United States, it appears that O sub(3) flux densities to the forest boundary layer are optimal during the 0800-2000 hr window. It is concluded that descriptors of ambient air quality for use in setting a federal standard should (1) cumulate hourly O sub(3) concentrations, (2) give preferential weight to daytime concentrations between 0800 and 2000 hr, and (3) give preferential weight to higher O sub(3) concentrations. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Lee, E H AU - Hogsett, W E AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 669 EP - 681 VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution effects KW - Forests KW - Air quality standards KW - Dose-response effects KW - Boundary layers KW - Plants KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20627045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Role+of+Concentration+and+Time+of+Day+in+Developing+Ozone+Exposure+Indices+for+a+Secondary+Standard&rft.au=Lee%2C+E+H%3BHogsett%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air quality standards; Boundary layers; Dose-response effects; Plants; Forests; Pollution effects; Ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supernumerary ribs in developmental toxicity bioassays and in human populations: incidence and biological significance AN - 17726474; 6067651 AB - Supernumerary or accessory ribs (SNR), either lumbar (LR) or cervical (CR), are a common finding in standard developmental toxicology bioassays. The biological significance of these anomalies within the regulatory arena has been problematic and the subject of some debate. In rodents, the spontaneous incidence of SNR is species and strain related and ranges from -1% to 30%. Compound-induced LR are induced by a wide variety of chemical and physical agents when pregnant animals are exposed during specific gestational periods. A significant portion of the agent-induced LR may be due to maternal factors, as it has been shown that stress alone will induce LR in rodents. SNR are not isolated phenomena and signify basic alterations in the architecture of the axial skeleton. LR are associated with longer ribs, increased numbers of vertebrosternal ribs, and the presence of extra presacral vertebrae ('anteriorization'). CR are associated with reduced numbers of vertebrosternal ribs ('posteriorization'). It is evident that SNR are not a single anomaly, but consist of two unrelated structures: an extra rib that has a cartilaginous segment at the distal end, and an ossification site that lacks cartilage. These have a bimodal size distribution, with the population of extra ribs being significantly longer than the ossification sites, and 0.6 mm can be used as an approximate length for distinguishing the two populations in mice. Extra ribs are permanent structures in contrast to ossification sites that disappear postnatally, probably becoming part of the lateral transverse vertebral processes. SNR are also found in humans although, in contrast to laboratory species, CR are more commonly noted. SNR are associated with adverse heath effects, and CR with inducing thoracic outlet disease characterized by diminished blood flow and altered position of the ganglia and nerve roots in the area of the C7-T1 vertebrae. LR are associated with lower back pain and L4-5 degeneration. The incidence of CR is greatly reduced in adult humans as compared to fetuses, and it has been hypothesized that fetal'SNR'may be largely composed of ossification sites that disappear postnatally. The mechanisms involved in the formation of extra ribs are not understood at this time, although the fact that the early sensitive periods for their initiation during embryogenesis is coupled with the associated changes in the axial skeleton argues for their induction being due to fundamental changes in gene expression. The sum of the experimental evidence supports the idea of SNR being composed of two different structures: extra ribs that are permanent dysmorphological structures that may be induced by xenobiotics and/or maternal stress, and ossification sites that may be transient variations in the formation of the lateral processes of the vertebrae. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews AU - Chernoff, Neil AU - Rogers, John AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Reproductive Toxicology Division, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 437 EP - 449 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Supernumerary ribs KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cartilage KW - Stress KW - Pain KW - Xenobiotics KW - Toxicity KW - Fetuses KW - Vertebrae KW - Gene expression KW - Embryogenesis KW - Ossification KW - Blood flow KW - Reviews KW - Degeneration KW - Cervix KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17726474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Critical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Supernumerary+ribs+in+developmental+toxicity+bioassays+and+in+human+populations%3A+incidence+and+biological+significance&rft.au=Chernoff%2C+Neil%3BRogers%2C+John&rft.aulast=Chernoff&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Critical+Reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10937400490512447 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ossification; Vertebrae; Stress; Toxicity; Embryogenesis; Reviews; Xenobiotics; Degeneration; Cervix; Blood flow; Gene expression; Cartilage; Fetuses; Pain DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10937400490512447 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of a synergistic interaction between ozone and wheat leaf rust in wheat swards AN - 17455706; 4662377 AB - Ozone is an air pollutant regulated in the USA under the Clean Air Act. Increasingly, concerns have been raised regarding the interactions between ozone and pests, pathogens, and plant competition. This study was conducted to improve our understanding of plant responses to ozone in the presence of pathogens, and specifically to determine the effect that wheat leaf rust and ozone exposure had on wheat productivity. The study was conducted in open-top ozone exposure chambers in Corvallis, OR, using two cultivars of spring wheat (Twin and Yecora Rojo). Twin was grown at two densities. Two levels of ozone and three levels of disease were applied in all combinations, for a total of six treatments. The treatments were replicated twice and repeated over 2 years. Disease severity readings were taken three or four times during each growing season. At the completion of grain-fill, the plants were removed from the chambers and harvested. Wheat height and above-ground biomass generally decreased with ozone exposure and with increasing disease severity in both years, while total grain weight decreased significantly only with disease in 1997. There was no interaction between ozone and disease, regardless of cultivar, density, or the plant response variable measured. There was little evidence that ozone exposure affected the severity of wheat leaf rust. JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany AU - Pfleeger, T G AU - da Luz, MA AU - Mundt, C C AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, tom@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 195 EP - 207 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0098-8472, 0098-8472 KW - leaf rust KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Pollution effects KW - Ozone KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17455706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Lack+of+a+synergistic+interaction+between+ozone+and+wheat+leaf+rust+in+wheat+swards&rft.au=Pfleeger%2C+T+G%3Bda+Luz%2C+MA%3BMundt%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Pfleeger&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00988472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ozone; Air pollution; Pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary Survey of Chemical Contaminants in Water, Sediment, and Aquatic Biota at Selected Sites in Northeastern Florida Bay and Canal C-111 AN - 17428571; 4648744 AB - Several actions are under way to alter water management capabilities and practices in south Florida in order to restore a more natural hydroperiod for the Everglades. Because relatively little research has been conducted on contaminants entering Florida Bay, we undertook a preliminary study in June 1995 to determine contaminant concentrations in surface water, sediment, and biota prior to major changes in water management. The areas studied were the C-111 Canal (five sites) beginning just above water control structure S-197 and extending to Manatee Bay (part of the Biscayne Bay system), Shell Creek (three sites), the mouth of Taylor River, Trout Creek (two sites), and a site near the Key Largo Ranger Station. Hydrographic observations were made at each site, and samples of water and sediment were collected at each of the five areas except the Key Largo site. Bioresidues were determined for indigenous oysters collected from the C-111 canal and Shell Creek and for transplanted oysters exposed at the Key Largo site, the C-111 canal, Shell Creek, Taylor River, and Trout Creek for 5-29 days. Water samples were analyzed for selected organochlorine pesticides and metals; sediments were analyzed for the same compounds and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fish fillets and shucked oysters were analyzed for selected organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and metals. Other than low dissolved oxygen at some C-111 canal sites, water quality was generally good. Most contaminants were below water and sediment quality guidelines designed to protect aquatic life, and contaminant concentrations in oysters were low. Threshold effect levels were exceeded for some organochlorine pesticides and PAHs in some sediment samples, but all values measured were below probable effect levels. Low concentrations of organochlorine pesticides were detected in sediments from the C-111 canal, Shell Creek, Taylor River, and Trout Creek; except for Taylor River, low concentrations of PCB congeners and PAHs were detected from the same areas. The only organochlorine pesticide detected in filets from seven fish was 3.2 mu g DDE/kg (wet weight) in a sea catfish. Total mercury concentrations in fillets of four species of fishes ranged from 0.53 to 1.3 mu g/g, wet weight, which falls within a limited consumption advisory by the State of Florida. JF - Gulf of Mexico Science AU - Goodman, L R AU - Lewis, MA AU - Macauley, J M AU - Smith, R Jr AU - Moore, J C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-5299, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1 EP - 16 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 1087-688X, 1087-688X KW - USA, Florida KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Water sampling KW - Heavy metals KW - Human food KW - Pollution effects KW - Public health KW - Pisces KW - Marine fish KW - Biota KW - Chemical pollution KW - Seafood KW - PCB KW - Bays KW - Marine KW - Metals KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Pollution detection KW - Pollution surveys KW - Canals KW - Pesticides KW - Marine molluscs KW - Chemical pollutants KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Florida Bay KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17428571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+of+Mexico+Science&rft.atitle=Preliminary+Survey+of+Chemical+Contaminants+in+Water%2C+Sediment%2C+and+Aquatic+Biota+at+Selected+Sites+in+Northeastern+Florida+Bay+and+Canal+C-111&rft.au=Goodman%2C+L+R%3BLewis%2C+MA%3BMacauley%2C+J+M%3BSmith%2C+R+Jr%3BMoore%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gulf+of+Mexico+Science&rft.issn=1087688X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Pollution detection; Heavy metals; Human food; Pollution effects; Pollution surveys; Public health; Marine fish; Canals; Pesticides; Marine molluscs; Seafood; Chemical pollutants; PCB; Bays; Pisces; Metals; Biota; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Organochlorine compounds; Water sampling; Chemical pollution; ASW, USA, Florida, Florida Bay; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water quality and the replacement and repair of drinking water infrastructure: the Washington, DC case study AN - 17402542; 4627473 AB - A major challenge for society in the 21st century will be replacement, design and optimal management of urban infrastructure. It is estimated that the current world wide demand for infrastructure investment is approximately three trillion US dollars annually. Many developing countries are experiencing rapid growth, and developed countries are facing the need to replace old and obsolete infrastructure to meet existing and future requirements. Sustaining and expanding infrastructure has traditionally been viewed as related to the need for maintaining economic stability or for providing the basis for sustaining economic growth. However, infrastructure also has a major role in enhancing environmental quality and protecting public health. There is a need to reassess some of our assumptions concerning the way infrastructure is designed, built, utilised, maintained and renewed if we are to satisfy both the economic needs of communities while fulfilling environmental and public health objectives. Problems associated with ageing drinking water systems in the USA and their difficulty in complying with the increasingly stringent requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act provide an excellent example of this difficulty. Starting in September 1993 and lasting through to July 1996, the Washington, DC water supply system experienced a series of microbial violations under the Total Coliform Rule, which is part of the US Safe Drinking Water Act. The US Environmental Protection Agency assigned a team of Agency experts to work with the Washington, DC system to assess the problem and to make recommendations to bring it into compliance. The team suggested 26 major changes, including a US$200m capital investment programme, the development of a hydraulic and water quality model for the system, and a systematic flushing and valve turning programme. In addition, the DC government established a semi-autonomous water utility to operate the system. No new problems were experienced after the programme was initiated. JF - Aqua - Journal of Water Services Research and Technology AU - Clark, R M AU - Rizzo, G S AU - Belknap, JA AU - Cochrane, C AD - Water Supply & Water Resources Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 106 EP - 114 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0003-7214, 0003-7214 KW - infrastructure KW - USA, Washington, D.C. KW - USA, Washington, District of Columbia KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Potable Water KW - Environmental Quality KW - Microbial contamination KW - Water quality KW - Public health KW - Conveyance Structures KW - Public Health KW - Drinking Water KW - Water Policy KW - Economics KW - Water Quality KW - Water quality standards KW - Valves KW - Environmental quality KW - Flushing KW - Drinking water KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17402542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aqua+-+Journal+of+Water+Services+Research+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Water+quality+and+the+replacement+and+repair+of+drinking+water+infrastructure%3A+the+Washington%2C+DC+case+study&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BRizzo%2C+G+S%3BBelknap%2C+JA%3BCochrane%2C+C&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aqua+-+Journal+of+Water+Services+Research+and+Technology&rft.issn=00037214&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2087.1999.00132.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drinking Water; Water Quality; Valves; Conveyance Structures; Environmental Quality; Public Health; Flushing; Water Policy; Potable Water; Public health; Drinking water; Environmental quality; Water quality; Economics; Microbial contamination; Water quality standards DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2087.1999.00132.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Nutrient and Phytoplankton Dynamics in the York River Estuary, Virginia: Analyses of Long-term Data AN - 17400678; 4633285 AB - Ten years (1985-1994) of data were analyzed to investigate general patterns of phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics, and to identify major factors controlling those dynamics in the York River Estuary, Virginia. Algal blooms were observed during winter-spring followed by smaller summer blooms. Peak phytoplankton biomass during the winter-spring blooms occurred in the mid reach of the mesohaline zone whereas peak phytoplankton biomass during the summer bloom occurred in the tidal fresh-mesohaline transition zone. River discharge appears to be the major factor controlling the location and timing of the winter-spring blooms and the relative degree of potential N and P limitation. Phytoplankton biomass in tidal fresh water regions was limited by high flushing rates. Water residence time was less than cell doubling time during high flow seasons. Positive correlations between PAR at 1 m depth and chlorophyll a suggested light limitation of phytoplankton in the tidal fresh-mesohaline transition zone. Relationships of salinity difference between surface and bottom water with chlorophyll a distribution suggested the importance of tidal mixing for phytoplankton dynamics in the mesohaline zone. Accumulation of phytoplankton biomass in the mesohaline zone was generally controlled by N with the nutrient supply provided by benthic or bottom water remineralization. JF - Estuaries AU - Sin, Y AU - Wetzel, R L AU - Anderson, I C AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2111 Southeast Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA, sin.yongsik@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 260 EP - 275 VL - 22 IS - 2A SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - USA, Virginia KW - USA, Virginia, York R. Estuary KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Chlorophylls KW - Seasonal Variations KW - River Wash KW - Estuaries KW - Phytoplankton KW - Nutrients KW - Biomass KW - Nutrient dynamics KW - Mineralization KW - Nutrient cycles KW - Energy flow KW - High Flow KW - Flushing KW - Data Interpretation KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - D 04320:Brackishwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17400678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+Temporal+Characteristics+of+Nutrient+and+Phytoplankton+Dynamics+in+the+York+River+Estuary%2C+Virginia%3A+Analyses+of+Long-term+Data&rft.au=Sin%2C+Y%3BWetzel%2C+R+L%3BAnderson%2C+I+C&rft.aulast=Sin&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2A&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorophylls; Energy flow; Estuaries; Phytoplankton; Mineralization; Nutrient cycles; Rivers; Nutrient dynamics; Seasonal Variations; River Wash; High Flow; Flushing; Nutrients; Biomass; Data Interpretation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakhstan: Sources of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposures in an agricultural region of southern Kazakhstan AN - 17379881; 4604608 AB - High levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; up to 208 pg/g fat) were measured in samples of breast milk collected in 1997 from 64 donors [41 first-time mothers (primiparae)] living on state farms in southern Kazakhstan. TCDD was the major contributor (70%) to the toxic equivalents, matching the congener patterns found in breast milk and serum samples collected in 1994 and 1996 from donors in nearby villages. The highest TCDD levels were found in state farms adjacent to a reservoir (zone A), which receives agricultural runoff from cotton fields. TCDD levels in zone A were significantly higher than levels in a region more distant (zone B; > 10 miles) from the reservoir (zone A: mean 53 pg/g, n = 17; zone B: mean 21 pg/g, n = 24; p = 0.0017). Levels of TCDD in breast milk and animal-derived foodstuffs were 10 times U.S. levels. Body burden and dietary data suggest that exposures to TCDD are chronic, environmental, and long term and may be related to the use of chemicals in cotton agriculture. The data suggest that the most likely source is the use of cotton defoliants contaminated with TCDD, and the most likely pathway for human exposure is via the consumption of contaminated foodstuffs. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hooper, K AU - Chuvakova, T AU - Kazbekova, G AU - Hayward, D AU - Tulenova, A AU - Petreas, M X AU - Wade, T J AU - Benedict, K AU - Cheng, Y-Y AU - Grassman, J AD - Hazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA, kim_hooper@hotmail.com Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 447 EP - 457 VL - 107 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Kazakhstan KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Breast milk KW - TCDD KW - Agricultural land KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17379881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+breast+milk+to+assess+exposure+to+chlorinated+contaminants+in+Kazakhstan%3A+Sources+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29+exposures+in+an+agricultural+region+of+southern+Kazakhstan&rft.au=Hooper%2C+K%3BChuvakova%2C+T%3BKazbekova%2C+G%3BHayward%2C+D%3BTulenova%2C+A%3BPetreas%2C+M+X%3BWade%2C+T+J%3BBenedict%2C+K%3BCheng%2C+Y-Y%3BGrassman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breast milk; TCDD; Agriculture; Organochlorine compounds; Agricultural land ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stopping oil spills AN - 17376552; 4597915 AB - Oil pollution is often viewed as a coastal incident, such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Coastal oil spills, however, best illustrate the underlying premise of oil pollution regulation -- the protection of navigable waters. Oil pollution regulation of bulk storage facilities is primarily directed at preventing and responding to spills from aboveground storage tanks (ASTs). The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (Clean Water Act) and the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) are the primary federal laws that govern oil discharges affecting or threatening navigable waters of the United States. JF - Environmental Protection AU - Garamone, MD AD - Response & Prevention Branch, U.S.EPA Region 2 Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 45 EP - 48 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 1057-4298, 1057-4298 KW - Clean Water Act KW - Exxon Valdez KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Federal regulations KW - Aboveground storage tanks KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - Environmental legislation KW - Water pollution control KW - USA KW - Storage tanks KW - Oil pollution KW - Legislation KW - Oil spills KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17376552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Protection&rft.atitle=Stopping+oil+spills&rft.au=Garamone%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Garamone&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Protection&rft.issn=10574298&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage tanks; Oil pollution; Environmental legislation; Oil spills; Pollution control; Water pollution control; Federal regulations; Aboveground storage tanks; Clean Water Act; Legislation; USA; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of Terpene Compounds in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Systems AN - 17373515; 4590676 AB - Terpene-based cleaners are being widely used in industrial cleaning formulations because of their ability to replace suspected ozone-depleting chemicals such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113). Substitution of chlorinated solvents with terpene-based cleaners, however, is expected to result in increased discharges to wastewater from industrial operations. A pilot-scale study was conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Test & Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati, OH, to quantify the fate of specific terpene compounds in the activated sludge wastewater treatment process. Biodegradation rates of terpenes were estimated from the difference between the influent terpene mass flow rates and the amounts volatilized to air, partitioned to waste sludge, and passed through the treatment process unchanged. Any chemical transformation of the terpene compounds studied was attributed to biodegradation. Analytical methods were developed to determine terpene concentrations in aqueous and gaseous media. The fate of two common terpene compounds (d-limonene and terpinolene) were evaluated in three identical pilot-scale systems: (1) a system with a high target spike range (2-10 mg/L), (2) a system with a low target spike range (0.5-2 mg/L), and (3) a control system (no spike). The study showed that the primary removal mechanism for the terpene compounds in the activated sludge process is biodegradation. Typically, greater than 90% of the mass of terpenes entering the aeration basin of the activated sludge process biodegrades to other compounds; volatilization from the reaction basin accounts for less than 10%, while loss to waste activated sludge and the secondary clarifier effluent accounts for less than 1%. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Alvarez AU - Shaul, G M AU - Krishnan, E R AU - Perrin, D L AU - Rahman, M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 734 EP - 739 VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - terpenes KW - USA, Ohio KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Air Pollution KW - Pollutant removal KW - Biodegradation KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Activated Sludge KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Activated sludge process KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17373515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Fate+of+Terpene+Compounds+in+Activated+Sludge+Wastewater+Treatment+Systems&rft.au=Alvarez%3BShaul%2C+G+M%3BKrishnan%2C+E+R%3BPerrin%2C+D+L%3BRahman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Alvarez&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Activated Sludge; Wastewater Treatment; Biodegradation; Fate of Pollutants; Air Pollution; Activated sludge process; Wastewater treatment; Pollutant removal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reasons for Corrosion Control Other Than the Lead and Copper Rule AN - 17372502; 4590463 AB - A corrosion control program designed to accommodate all distribution system materials, as well as lead and copper, will produce significant benefits that are not always related to corrosion in an obvious way. Essential components of a good corrosion control program are the selection of proper pH, the balancing of hardness and alkalinity to protect iron and cement-based materials, sufficient buffering to assure constant pH throughout the system, and the proper consistent dosage of inhibitor chemical. Additional benefits include cost savings from reduced pipe rehabilitation, maintenance, pumping costs, and disinfectant use; better microbial control; reduced DBP formation from lower disinfection dosages; reduced metal levels in wastewater discharge and sludge; and reduction of aesthetic problems. JF - Journal of New England Water Works Association AU - Schock, M R AD - Water Supply and Water Resources Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 128 EP - 150 VL - 113 IS - 2 SN - 0028-4939, 0028-4939 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Copper KW - Water supplies KW - Lead KW - Corrosion Control KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Disinfectants KW - Pipes (see also Conduits, Drains, Pipelines, Sewers) KW - pH KW - Water distribution KW - Pipes KW - Micro-organisms KW - Copper (see also Cuprosolvency, Heavy metals) KW - Cement KW - Water Quality KW - Plumbing KW - Corrosion control KW - Legislation (on drinking water) KW - Microorganisms KW - Water Distribution KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - SW 6070:Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=Reasons+for+Corrosion+Control+Other+Than+the+Lead+and+Copper+Rule&rft.au=Schock%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Schock&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=00284939&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corrosion Control; Water Distribution; Lead; Copper; Plumbing; Water Quality; Microorganisms; Corrosion control; Water distribution; Pipes (see also Conduits, Drains, Pipelines, Sewers); Legislation (on drinking water); Copper (see also Cuprosolvency, Heavy metals); Water quality (Natural waters); Micro-organisms; Cement; pH; Pipes; Water supplies; Disinfectants; Cost-benefit analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects from environmental Mn exposures: A review of the evidence from non-occupational exposure studies AN - 17310095; 4584218 AB - Objective: The risk posed to human health by environmental manganese exposure is unknown. Occupational-exposure outcomes may not extrapolate to environmental exposures due to the healthy worker effect and differences in dosage parameters which may affect the biological response. This paper attempts to combine the existing literature on non-occupational Mn exposures with results from our current study in SW Quebec on environmental Mn exposure within the framework of a biologically-based, dose-response (BBDR) model. BBDR Model: The basic BBDR model consists of seven stages relating exposure to health effects. The stages are: 1) sources, 2) applied dose, 3) absorbed dose, 4) target-site dose, 5) toxic event, 6) measurable change, and 7) health outcome. Results: Several air monitoring programs, such as the PTEAM study (Riverside, CA, 1990, mean PM sub(10) Mn outdoor-airborne 24h average=0.045 mu g/m super(3)), provided data relevant to the estimation of Mn applied dose, but did not include measures of body burden. Data from the SW Quebec study showed a mean total-particulate airborne Mn concentration of 0.022 mu g/m super(3) with a range of 0.009 to 0.035 mu g/m super(3) across four sampling sites, whereas the EPA reference concentration (RfC) is 0.05 mu g/m super(3). EPA has considered tap water levels to be safe below 200 mu g/l Mn, and mean Mn tap-water (MnW) level in the participants' homes was 6.38 plus or minus 11.95 mu g/l with a range from 0.1 to 158.9 mu g/l Mn. A previous study of MnW exposure in Greece reported Mn levels in areas with low, medium and high MnW ranging from 4 to 2,300 mu g/l and a significant association with Mn in hair but not Mn in blood (MnB). The mean absorbed dose of the SW Quebec study participants, as indicated by MnB, was 7.5 plus or minus 2.3 mu g/l with a range of 2.5 to 15.9 mu g/l. Our study and others on environmental Mn exposure did not provide an estimate of target-site dose. However, a significant correlation (r=0.65) between MnB and signal intensity in T1-weighted MRI images has been reported in liver-disease patients with Parkinson-like signs who had MnB levels as low as 6.6 mu g/l. Only animal and in vitro studies have provided evidence on the mechanisms of toxicity caused by Mn in the CNS. Several studies reported measurable changes in endpoints suggestive of a Parkinson-like syndrome in subjects with MnB levels ranging from 7.5 to 25.0 mu g/l. Among other effects on neurobehavioral function observed in the current study was a significant relationship between MnB and the direction and speed of body-sway in men. The effects observed in these participants are sub-clinical and no health outcomes have been diagnosed. However, the Parkinson's disease incidence in the study area was previously reported to be 2-5 times higher than in the rest of Quebec, and several studies indicate that 25-35% of idiopathic Parkinson disease diagnoses are incorrect. Our study, the Greek study, and some clinical studies suggest that the risk of a Parkinson-like syndrome diagnosis may increase with continued Mn exposure and aging. Conclusion: The limited data available for the BBDR model point to the need for evidence, particularly on relationships between Mn species, exposure route, MnB with chronic environmental exposure, ageing, and susceptibility factors, to improve human-health risk assessments for chronic, environmental Mn exposure. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Hudnell, H K AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Neurotoxicology Division, MD-74B, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, hudnell.ken@epamail.epa.gov A2 - Cranmer, J A2 - Mergler, D A2 - Williams-Johnson, M (Eds) Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 379 EP - 398 PB - Intox Press VL - 20 IS - 2-3 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - chronic exposure KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - Parkinson's disease KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Manganese KW - Polluted environments KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - N3 11105:Primates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17310095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+from+environmental+Mn+exposures%3A+A+review+of+the+evidence+from+non-occupational+exposure+studies&rft.au=Hudnell%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Hudnell&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parkinson's disease; Reviews; Neurotoxicity; Polluted environments; Manganese ER - TY - CONF T1 - Inhalation health risks of manganese: An EPA perspective AN - 17309485; 4584229 AB - In 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) denied a petition by Ethyl Corporation to allow the use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in unleaded gasoline, because of health concerns related to the inhalation of manganese (Mn) particulate emissions from combusted MMT. Although Ethyl successfully challenged EPA's denial of the petition on legal grounds, issues raised in EPA's health risk assessment have not been resolved to date. This paper summarizes features of the EPA health risk characterization, which included the use of various statistical techniques to derive several estimates of inhalation reference concentration (RfC) values for Mn as alternatives to the established value of 0.05 mu g Mn/m super(3). An exposure assessment projected distributions of personal exposure levels to particulate Mn if MMT were used in all unleaded gasoline. It was estimated that exposure levels of 5-10% of the modeled population might exceed a possible alternative RfC value of 0.1 mu g Mn/m super(3). However, due to data limitations, the risk characterization for Mn/MMT could raise only qualitative concerns about potential public health impacts and was unable to provide a quantitative estimate of risk. To improve the risk characterization, better information on Mn/MMT population exposures and health effects is needed. Much of this information is expected to be obtained under provisions of Section 211 of the Clean Air Act. Among the specific issues that remain to be resolved are the form or forms of Mn emitted from the combustion of MMT in gasoline and the potentially different toxic properties of Mn in different forms. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Davis, J M Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 511 EP - 518 PB - Intox Press VL - 20 IS - 2-3 KW - MMT KW - USA, Environmental Protection Agency KW - man KW - methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl KW - octane enhancers KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Inhalation KW - Gasoline KW - Combustion products KW - Government policy KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Manganese KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - N3 11105:Primates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17309485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Inhalation+health+risks+of+manganese%3A+An+EPA+perspective&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Avoidance response of the estuarine amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated, field-collected sediments AN - 17301487; 4570336 AB - Amphipods (Eohaustorius estuarius) were placed in two-chamber containers with different combinations of three contaminated sediments and a control sediment, and their distribution was determined after 2 or 3 d. Amphipods avoided the sediment with the highest PAH contamination and one of two sediments with moderate PAH concentrations. In the moderately contaminated sediment avoided by amphipods, the (avoidance) response was more sensitive than mortality as a biological indicator of unacceptable sediment contamination (over the 2-3-d exposure). The avoidance response in this case likely represents an early indication of potential mortality from sediment exposure. Population levels of amphipods in moderately to heavily PAH-contaminated sediments may be influenced by a combination of avoidance behavior and toxicity/lethality. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Kravitz, MJ AU - Lamberson, JO AU - Ferraro, S P AU - Swartz, R C AU - Boese, B L AU - Specht, D T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA, kravitz.michaelpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1232 EP - 1235 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Amphipoda KW - Eohaustorius estuarius KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Contamination KW - Sediment contamination KW - Avoidance reactions KW - Defence mechanisms KW - Exposure KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Avoidance behavior KW - Exposure tolerance KW - Toxicity testing KW - Pollution effects KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Lethal effects KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Amphipods KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Behavior KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17301487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Avoidance+response+of+the+estuarine+amphipod+Eohaustorius+estuarius+to+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-contaminated%2C+field-collected+sediments&rft.au=Kravitz%2C+MJ%3BLamberson%2C+JO%3BFerraro%2C+S+P%3BSwartz%2C+R+C%3BBoese%2C+B+L%3BSpecht%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Kravitz&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Estuarine organisms; Sediment pollution; Lethal effects; Hydrocarbons; Estuaries; Pollution effects; Avoidance reactions; Water pollution effects; Toxicity; Defence mechanisms; Exposure tolerance; Aromatic compounds; Behavior; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Contamination; Avoidance behavior; Exposure; Toxicity testing; Amphipods; Sediment contamination; Eohaustorius estuarius; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of gut purging for tissue residues determined in bioaccumulation testing of sediment with Lumbriculus variegatus AN - 17300820; 4570338 AB - Bioaccumulation test procedures using the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus have been developed as a means of evaluating the accumulation of chemicals from freshwater sediments. To avoid including chemicals associated with gut contents as part of the measured tissue residue, a 24-h period of purging in clean water after the uptake phase of the test has been recommended. While purging acts to reduce bias from gut contents, it also has the potential to introduce bias caused by depuration of chemicals from tissues. In this paper, a series of model calculations are used to assess the expected sensitivity of measured residues of nonionic organic chemicals to the presence of sediment in the gut and to varying lengths of purging. If organisms are not purged, the predicted influence of gut contents on measured residue is not large (generally 98% of sediment had cleared the gut in 6 h (half-life = 0.98 h). Based on these results and model analyses, a much shorter purging period of 6 h, rather than 24 h, is suggested as a reasonable guideline for many test applications. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Mount AU - Dawson, T D AU - Burkhard, L P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA, mount.davepamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1244 EP - 1249 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Lumbriculus variegatus KW - depuration KW - purging KW - tissues KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Oligochaetes KW - Chemicals KW - Tissues KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Sediment contamination KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Bioassay KW - Testing procedures KW - Measuring methods KW - Gut KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Sediment pollution KW - Water pollution effects KW - Bioassays KW - Bioaccumulation KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17300820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Implications+of+gut+purging+for+tissue+residues+determined+in+bioaccumulation+testing+of+sediment+with+Lumbriculus+variegatus&rft.au=Mount%3BDawson%2C+T+D%3BBurkhard%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Tissues; Sediment pollution; Bioaccumulation; Bioassays; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Freshwater pollution; Chemicals; Gut; Measuring methods; Oligochaetes; Testing procedures; Sediment contamination; Bioassay; Lumbriculus variegatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetaldehyde (CH sub(3)CHO) production in rodent lung after exposure to metal-rich particles AN - 17268897; 4572705 AB - Epidemiological reports demonstrate an association between increased human morbidity and mortality with exposure to air pollution particulate matter (PM). Metal-catalyzed oxidative stress has been postulated to contribute to lung injury in response to PM exposure. We studied the effects of residual oil fly ash (ROFA), a component of ambient air PM, on the formation of lung carbonyls that are indicators of lipid peroxidation. Rats were instilled intratracheally with ROFA (62.5-1000 mu g) and underwent lung lavage. Lavage fluid carbonyls were derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, and measured by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Dose-dependent increases in a peak that eluted with the same retention time as the acetaldehyde (CH sub(3)CHO) derivative was observed in rats treated with ROFA 15 min after instillation (up to 25-fold greater than saline treated controls). The identification of CH sub(3)CHO was confirmed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. ROFA-induced increases in other lavage fluid carbonyls were not seen. Increased CH sub(3)CHO in lavage fluid was observed as late as 8 h later. No increase in CH sub(3)CHO was observed in plasma from ROFA-treated rats. An increased formation of CH sub(3)CHO was observed in a human airway epithelial cell line incubated with ROFA suggesting a pulmonary source of CH sub(3)CHO production. Instillation of solutions of metals (iron, vanadium, nickel) contained in ROFA, or instillation of another ROFA-type particle containing primarily iron, also induced a specific increase in CH sub(3)CHO. These data support the hypothesis that metals were involved in the increased CH sub(3)CHO formation. Thus metals on PM may mediate lung responses through induction of lipid peroxidation and carbonyl formation. JF - Free Radical Biology & Medicine AU - Madden, M C AU - Thomas, MJ AU - Ghio, A J AD - U.S. EPA Human Studies Facility, 104 Mason Farm Road, MD# 58D, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7315, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 1569 EP - 1577 VL - 26 IS - 11-12 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - epidemiology KW - morbidity KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Metals KW - Mortality KW - Oxidative stress KW - Acetaldehyde KW - Particulate pollution KW - Fly ash KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17268897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=Acetaldehyde+%28CH+sub%283%29CHO%29+production+in+rodent+lung+after+exposure+to+metal-rich+particles&rft.au=Madden%2C+M+C%3BThomas%2C+MJ%3BGhio%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=1569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Metals; Air pollution; Lipid peroxidation; Fly ash; Oxidative stress; Acetaldehyde; Particulate pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in environmental samples AN - 17260889; 4554121 AB - Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a major cause of opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts. Because there is no evidence of person-to-person transmission and NTM have been found in drinking water, the environment is considered a likely source of infection. In this study the widespread occurrence of NTM was examined in drinking water, bottled water, and ice samples. A total of 139 samples were examined for NTM by a membrane filtration culture technique followed by PCR amplification and 16S rRNA sequence determination to identify the isolates. NTM were not detected in bottled water or cisterns but were detected in 54% of the ice samples and 35% of the public drinking-water samples from 21 states. The most frequently occurring isolate was M. mucogenicum (formerly referred to as an M. chelonae-like organism). JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Covert, T C AU - Rodgers, M R AU - Reyes, AL AU - Stelma, GN Jr AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, Covert.Terry@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 2492 EP - 2496 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Ice KW - Culture KW - Contamination KW - Mycobacterium KW - Genotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Drinking water KW - A 01108:Other water systems KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17260889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+nontuberculous+mycobacteria+in+environmental+samples&rft.au=Covert%2C+T+C%3BRodgers%2C+M+R%3BReyes%2C+AL%3BStelma%2C+GN+Jr&rft.aulast=Covert&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium; Culture; Contamination; Genotyping; Ice; Polymerase chain reaction; Drinking water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organophosphorus Hydrolase-Based Assay for Organophosphate Pesticides AN - 17246039; 4537561 AB - We report a rapid and versatile organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH)-based method for measurement of organophosphates. This assay is based on a substrate-dependent change in pH at the local vicinity of the enzyme. The pH change is monitored using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), which is covalently immobilized to the enzyme. This method employs the use of poly(methyl methacrylate) beads to which the FITC-labeled enzyme is adsorbed. Analytes were then measured using a microbead fluorescence analyzer. The dynamic concentration range for the assay extends from 25 to 400 mu M for paraoxon with a detection limit of 8 mu M. Organophosphorus insecticides measured using this technique included ethylparathion, methylparathion, dursban, fensulfothion, crotoxyphos, diazinon, mevinphos, dichlorvos, and coumaphos. This technique was used to measure coumaphos in biodegradation samples of cattle dip wastes and showed a high correlation (r super(2) = 0.998) to an HPLC method. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Rogers, K R AU - Wang, Y AU - Mulchandani, A AU - Mulchandani, P AU - Chen, W AD - USEPA, 944 East Harmon Ave., Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA, rogers.kim@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 517 EP - 521 PB - American Chemical Society and American Institute of Chemical Engineers VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - fluorescein isothiocyanate KW - organophosphate pesticides KW - organophosphates KW - organophosphorus hydrolase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Immobilized enzymes KW - pH effects KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17246039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Organophosphorus+Hydrolase-Based+Assay+for+Organophosphate+Pesticides&rft.au=Rogers%2C+K+R%3BWang%2C+Y%3BMulchandani%2C+A%3BMulchandani%2C+P%3BChen%2C+W&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immobilized enzymes; pH effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the filter pack for long-duration sampling of ambient air AN - 17238006; 4516183 AB - A 14-week filter pack (FP) sampler evaluation field study was conducted at a site near Bondville, IL to investigate the impact of weekly sampling duration. Simultaneous samples were collected using collocated filter packs (FP) from two independent air quality monitoring networks (CASTNet and Acid-MODES) and using duplicate annular denuder systems (ADS). Precision estimates for most of the measured species are similar for weekly ADS and composited FPs. There is generally good agreement between the weekly CASTNet FP results aggregated from weekly daytime and weekly nighttime samples and those aggregated from daily 24 h Acid-MODES samples; although SO sub(2) is the exception, and CASTNet concentrations are higher than Acid-MODES. Comparison of weekly ADS results with composited weekly FP results from CASTNet shows good agreement for SO sub(4) super(2-). With the exception of the two weeks where the FP exceeded the ADS, both HNO sub(3) and the sum of particulate and gaseous NO sub(3) super(-) show good agreement. The FP often provides good estimates of HNO sub(3), but when used to sample atmospheres that have experienced substantial photochemical reactivity, FP HNO sub(3) determinations using nylon filters may be biased high. It is suggested that HNO sub(2) or some other oxidized nitrogen compound can accumulate on a regional scale and may interfere with the FP determination of HNO sub(3). FP particulate NO sub(3) super(-) results are in fair agreement with the ADS. Since FP SO sub(2) results are biased low by 12-20%, SO sub(2) concentration in the CASTNet data archive should be adjusted upward. Nylon presents problems as a sampling medium in terms of SO sub(2) recovery and specificity for HNO sub(3). Additional comparative sampler evaluation studies are recommended at several sites over each season to permit comprehensive assessment of the concentrations of atmospheric trace constituents archived by CASTNet. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Sickles, JE II AU - Hodson, L L AU - Vorburger, L M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, MD-56, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, Sickles.joseph@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 2187 EP - 2202 VL - 33 IS - 14 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, Illinois, Bondville KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Filters KW - Chemical speciation KW - Air sampling KW - Sampling methods KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17238006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+filter+pack+for+long-duration+sampling+of+ambient+air&rft.au=Sickles%2C+JE+II%3BHodson%2C+L+L%3BVorburger%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Sickles&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Chemical speciation; Sampling methods; Air sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Issues in managing the risks associated with perchlorate in drinking water AN - 16130795; 4533984 AB - Perchlorate (ClO4-) contamination of ground and surface waters has placed drinking water supplies at risk in communities throughout the US, especially in the West. Several major assessment studies of that risk in terms of health and environmental impact are expected to be released by the US Environmental Protection Agency in early 1999, and preparations for how best to manage and minimize that risk are underway. Perchlorate salts are used in rocket and missile propulsion; therefore, it is believed that the pollution is derived primarily from defense and supporting industry. Due to the perchlorate anion's fundamental physical and chemical nature, the contamination is difficult to treat or remediate. The current work describes the evolution of the unique team-based governmental response to the problem and the rapidity of its development. Technologies under consideration that may prove feasible for treating contaminated water supplies are discussed and evaluated. The impact of these treatment technologies on other regulatory compliance matters and limitations of space, cost, and other resources are considered. Practical guidelines for approaching the problem are outlined, and current research needs are identified. JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Urbansky, E T AU - Schock, M R AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, 45268, Ohio, USA Y1 - 1999/06// PY - 1999 DA - Jun 1999 SP - 79 EP - 95 PB - Academic Press VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - USA KW - perchlorate KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Water Pollution KW - Contamination KW - Surface water KW - Compliance KW - Pollution effects KW - Water supplies KW - Public health KW - Research Priorities KW - Drinking Water KW - Public Health KW - Water Treatment KW - Military KW - Pollution KW - Environmental impact KW - Salts KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Standards KW - Perchloric acid KW - Drinking water KW - Evolution KW - Technology KW - D 04070:Pollution KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16130795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Issues+in+managing+the+risks+associated+with+perchlorate+in+drinking+water&rft.au=Urbansky%2C+E+T%3BSchock%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Urbansky&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjema.1999.0274 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Contamination; Surface water; Environmental impact; Perchloric acid; Drinking water; Water supplies; Pollution; Evolution; Risk assessment; Salts; Pollution effects; Groundwater pollution; Military; Public health; Water Pollution; Research Priorities; Public Health; Drinking Water; Compliance; Water Treatment; Standards; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1999.0274 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Complexation of 1,2,4-benzenetriol with inorganic and ferritin-released iron in vitro. AN - 69770697; 10334934 AB - The reactive metabolite(s) responsible for the expression of benzene toxicity is not clearly known despite extensive information on the metabolism and hematotoxicity of benzene. It is now widely believed that hematotoxicity of benzene is due to the concerted action of several metabolites which arise from multiple pathways of benzene. In our earlier study, we proposed iron polyphenol chelates as possible toxic metabolites of benzene due to their prooxidant activity. In continuation, we demonstrate the formation of an iron and 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT) complex, when added together in an acetate buffer, 0.1 M, pH 5.6, by sephadex G-10 column chromatography. It was also observed that iron released from ferritin in the presence of BT formed a complex with BT. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Ahmad, S AU - Rao, G S AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. AHMAD.SARFARAZ@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/27/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 27 SP - 169 EP - 171 VL - 259 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Hydroquinones KW - 0 KW - hydroxyhydroquinone KW - 173O8B04RD KW - Ferritins KW - 9007-73-2 KW - Edetic Acid KW - 9G34HU7RV0 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gel KW - Spleen -- metabolism KW - Benzene -- toxicity KW - Horses KW - Spectrophotometry KW - Edetic Acid -- chemistry KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Ferritins -- metabolism KW - Iron -- chemistry KW - Hydroquinones -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69770697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Complexation+of+1%2C2%2C4-benzenetriol+with+inorganic+and+ferritin-released+iron+in+vitro.&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+S%3BRao%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-27&rft.volume=259&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dimethylarsinic acid effects on DNA damage and oxidative stress related biochemical parameters in B6C3F1 mice. AN - 69873989; 10395169 AB - Adult female B6C3F1 mice were given 720 mg/kg of DMA by oral gavage at one of three times (2 h, 15 h, or at both 21 and 4 h) before sacrifice. Significant (P < 0.05) decreases in liver GSH and GSSG contents (15-37%) were observed. Some evidence of DMA-induced hepatic DNA damage (at the P < 0.10 level only) was observed. Pulmonary and hepatic ODC activities were reduced (19-59%) by DMA treatment. Overall, these biochemical studies show that mice are much less responsive to DMA than rats. JF - Cancer letters AU - Ahmad, S AU - Anderson, W L AU - Kitchin, K T AD - MD-68, Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/05/24/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 24 SP - 129 EP - 135 VL - 139 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Cacodylic Acid KW - AJ2HL7EU8K KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Glutathione Disulfide KW - ULW86O013H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Disulfide -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Female KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - DNA Damage KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Herbicides -- toxicity KW - Cacodylic Acid -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69873989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Dimethylarsinic+acid+effects+on+DNA+damage+and+oxidative+stress+related+biochemical+parameters+in+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+S%3BAnderson%2C+W+L%3BKitchin%2C+K+T&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-24&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetoxicity of water samples from the scenic Lijang river in the Guilin area, China, evaluated by Tradescantia bioassays AN - 17239608; 4522935 AB - The Lijang river which passes through the Guilin mountains, and Guilin city is a world renowned scenic spot on the southwest border of China. The river and its tributaries receive water from the mountain tops and springs underground. The river water was clean two decades ago before the development of industrial establishments and extra heavy tourism. Deforestation over the mountain tops on the upper stream and its tributaries in the last decades has created serious erosion and increased sedimentation in the river. In the present study, the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) and Tradescantia stamen hair mutation (Trad-SHM) assays were used to evaluate the genetoxicity of water samples collected from 60 different sites along the river. Results indicate that most of the water samples from the tributaries were highly mutagenic, and that pollutants had accumulated in the main river in the Guilin city area from the industrial effluent and city sewage. Both the Trad-MCN and Trad-SHM assays were highly effective for the detection of mutagens in the water samples. JF - Mutation Research AU - Jiang, Y G AU - Yu, Z D AU - Liu, G Z AU - Chen, R Z AU - Peng, G Y AD - Guilin Environmental Protection Agency, Guilin, China Y1 - 1999/05/19/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 19 SP - 137 EP - 141 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 426 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - China, Lijang R. KW - Guilin area, China KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Industrial effluents KW - Micronuclei KW - Genotoxicity KW - Genotoxicity testing KW - Bioassays KW - Tradescantia KW - Freshwater pollution KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17239608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Genetoxicity+of+water+samples+from+the+scenic+Lijang+river+in+the+Guilin+area%2C+China%2C+evaluated+by+Tradescantia+bioassays&rft.au=Jiang%2C+Y+G%3BYu%2C+Z+D%3BLiu%2C+G+Z%3BChen%2C+R+Z%3BPeng%2C+G+Y&rft.aulast=Jiang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1999-05-19&rft.volume=426&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tradescantia; Bioassays; Genotoxicity; Freshwater pollution; Industrial effluents; Micronuclei; Genotoxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Separation of volatile organic compounds from aqueous solutions by pervaporation using S--B--S block copolymer membranes AN - 17581156; 4645403 AB - Composite membranes of a block copolymer of styrene and butadiene (S--B--S) were cast on highly porous, hydrophobic thin films of PTFE and used for the separation and recovery of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous solutions by pervaporation. Trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and toluene were the VOCs selected for testing the efficacy of these membranes. An analysis of the pervaporation data showed that the liquid film boundary layer offered the main mass transfer resistance to permeation. The separation factor for the VOCs was as high as 5000 at near-ambient temperatures but decreased substantially at higher temperatures. The water flux was practically independent of the solute concentration. But it increased more rapidly with an increase in temperature as compared to the organic flux, thereby reducing the separation factor. Also, the separation of a multicomponent mixture from the aqueous feed could be predicted well from single-component data. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Dutta, B K AU - Sikdar, S K AD - Sustainable Technology Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA, Sikdar.subhas@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 15 SP - 1709 EP - 1716 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - butadiene KW - pervaporation KW - styrene KW - trichloroethane KW - trichloroethylene KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollutant removal KW - Membranes KW - Porous Media KW - Toluene KW - Temperature KW - Mass Transfer KW - Separation processes KW - Separation Techniques KW - Water treatment KW - Organic Compounds KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Separation+of+volatile+organic+compounds+from+aqueous+solutions+by+pervaporation+using+S--B--S+block+copolymer+membranes&rft.au=Dutta%2C+B+K%3BSikdar%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-05-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes980689w LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Organic Compounds; Porous Media; Membranes; Separation Techniques; Mass Transfer; Volatile organic compounds; Separation processes; Temperature; Water treatment; Toluene; Pollutant removal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980689w ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sample representativeness: A must for reliable regional lake condition estimates AN - 17580793; 4645385 AB - Reliable environmental resource estimates are essential to informed regional scale decisions regarding protection, restoration, and enhancement of natural resources. Reliable estimates depend on objective and representative sampling. Probability-based sampling meets these requirements and provides accuracy estimates (confidence limits). Non-probability-based (judgment or convenience) sampling often is biased, thus less reliable (no accuracy estimates), and potentially misleading. We compare results from a probability- and a non-probability-based Secchi transparency sampling of lakes in the northeastern geographic region of the United States and its three primary ecoregions. Results from these samplings are compared on the basis of sample representativeness relative to the regional lake population and subsequent reliability of lake condition estimates. Statistically derived sampling indicates the northeast lake population median lake size to be about 9.5 ( plus or minus 2.3) ha and the Secchi disk transparency (SDT) to be about 2.4 ( plus or minus 0.4) m. On the basis of judgment sampling estimates, the median SDT for lakes in the same area would be 4.2 m. However, only about 15% of the regional lake population based on statistically designed sampling estimates has a SDT greater than or equal to 4.2 m. Estimate unreliability of this magnitude can have profound effects on lake management decisions. Thus, regional extrapolation of non-probability-based sampling results should be avoided. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Peterson, SA AU - Urquhart, N S AU - Welch, E B AD - U.S. EPA National Health and Ecological Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA, peterson@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 15 SP - 1559 EP - 1565 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA KW - USA, Northeast KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Resource management KW - Water Management KW - Statistical analysis KW - Resources Management KW - Lakes KW - Water transparency KW - Natural resources KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Regional planning KW - Sampling KW - Regional variations KW - Environment management KW - Sampling methods KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17580793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Sample+representativeness%3A+A+must+for+reliable+regional+lake+condition+estimates&rft.au=Peterson%2C+SA%3BUrquhart%2C+N+S%3BWelch%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-05-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes980711l LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lakes; Water transparency; Statistical analysis; Regional planning; Sampling; Environment management; Regional variations; Environmental monitoring; Resource management; Natural resources; Sampling methods; Water Management; Statistical Analysis; Resources Management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980711l ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons under bench-scale compost conditions AN - 17580410; 4645404 AB - The relationship between biomass growth and degradation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, and subsequent toxicity reduction, was evaluated in 10 invessel, bench-scale compost units. Field soil was acquired from the Reilly Tar and Chemical Company Superfund site in St. Louis Park, MN (Reilly soil) and brought to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Test and Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati, OH for a 12-week composting study. Five separate amendment conditions were applied in duplicate to Reilly soil to stimulate varying degrees of biomass growth. Amendments included standard nutrients (SN) adjusted to C:N:P = 100:5:1, based on total organic carbon, plus 1% cow manure, modified OECD nutrients adjusted to C:N:P = 100:5:1 plus 1% cow manure, SN plus 1% activated sludge, SN plus 5% activated sludge, and SN plus 5% autoclaved sludge. All reactors contained 30% (w/w) corn cobs. All amendment conditions resulted in decreased concentrations of PAHs with two to four rings in their molecular structure. No reduction in concentrations of five-or six-ring PAHs occurred during the 12-week study. No significant differences resulted between the final concentrations achieved through any of the amendment conditions. Starting concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 1606 to 4445 mg/kg, and final concentrations ranged from 888 to 1556 mg/kg in the reactors. Contaminant concentration plateaus appeared in all treatment curves by the eighth week. Once a concentration plateau was attained, little further PAH removal occurred during the remaining treatment, and all treatments moved closer to a similar concentration plateau value. Therefore, percent removal of PAHs from Reilly soil correlated with starting PAH concentrations but not with final concentrations. Rates of removal of PAHs during the first 4 weeks of compost treatment correlated strongly with starting PAH concentration but did not correlate with reactor biomass concentration. Several toxicity bioassays in earthworms and plants were used to evaluate the efficacy of compost biomass to reduce toxicity of PAH-contaminated soil. Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia fetida andrei) were exposed to contaminated soil mixed with artificial soil in 6% to 100% dilutions (w/w), and survival was assessed after 14 days. Seed germination and root elongation tests were evaluated in lettuce and oats, and genotoxicity (mitotic aberrations) testing was performed on Allium cepa (onion). Composting of PAH contaminated soil decreased toxicity to earthworms and oat roots but had no significant effect on lettuce root toxicity. Untreated soil evoked genotoxicity in the Allium assay. After composting, no significant genotoxicity was observed in Reilly soil. Two challenges for future research on compost treatment of soils contaminated with PAHs involve increasing the removal of five- and six-ring compounds and achieving total removal that plateaus at a lower level. Whether this can be achieved by optimizing compost biomass development is uncertain. Continued evaluation of the amount and physiological status of compost biomass may provide information on the long-term ability of composting to destroy large PAHs. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Potter, CL AU - Glaser, JA AU - Chang, L W AU - Meier, J R AU - Dosani, MA AU - Herrmann, R F AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, potter.carl@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 15 SP - 1717 EP - 1725 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Allium cepa KW - Eisenia fetida andrei KW - Lumbricus terrestris KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Pollutant removal KW - Biodegradation KW - Composts KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Bioassays KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Composting KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17580410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+polynuclear+aromatic+hydrocarbons+under+bench-scale+compost+conditions&rft.au=Potter%2C+CL%3BGlaser%2C+JA%3BChang%2C+L+W%3BMeier%2C+J+R%3BDosani%2C+MA%3BHerrmann%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1999-05-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9810336 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Allium cepa; Soil remediation; Composting; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; Bioassays; Toxicity; Pollutant removal; Biodegradation; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Biomass; Composts DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9810336 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are circulating cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha involved in chlorpyrifos-induced fever? AN - 69901773; 10413184 AB - Oral exposure to chlorpyrifos (CHP) in the rat results in an initial hypothermic response followed by a delayed fever. Fever from infection is mediated by the release of cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha). This study determined if the CHP-induced fever involves cytokine-mediated mechanisms similar to that of infectious fevers. Long-Evans rats were gavaged with the corn oil vehicle or CHP (10-50 mg/kg). The rats were euthanized and blood collected at various times that corresponded with the hypothermic and febrile effects of CHP. Plasma IL-6, TNF alpha, cholinesterase activity (ChE), total iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), and zinc were measured. ChE activity was reduced by approximately 50% 4 h after CHP. There was no effect of CHP on IL-6 when measured during the period of CHP-induced hypothermia or fever. TNF alpha levels nearly doubled in female rats 48 h after 25 mg/kg CHP. The changes in plasma cytokine levels following CHP were relatively small when compared to > 1000-fold increase in IL-6 and > 10-fold rise in TNF alpha following lipopolysaccharide (E. coli; 50 microg/kg; i.p.)-induced fever. This does not preclude a role of cytokines in CHP-induced fever. Nonetheless, the data suggest that the delayed fever from CHP is unique, involving mechanisms other than TNF alpha and IL-6 release into the circulation characteristic of infectious fevers. JF - Toxicology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Rowsey, P J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gordon.christopher@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 03 SP - 9 EP - 17 VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Interleukin-6 -- blood KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- analysis KW - Fever -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69901773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Are+circulating+cytokines+interleukin-6+and+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+involved+in+chlorpyrifos-induced+fever%3F&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BRowsey%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-03&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistent suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity in adult F344 rats after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin AN - 17315870; 4576783 AB - Recently we observed a suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the 4-5-month-old offspring of F344 rat dams receiving as little as 1.0 mu g 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)/kg on gestational day (GD) 14. This study was designed to characterize better this suppression of the DTH response. First, the persistence of the DTH suppression was determined by measuring the DTH response to BSA in the offspring of dams dosed orally with 3.0 mu g TCDD/kg on GD14 as well as in age-matched controls at 4, 8, 12 and 19 months of age. TCDD significantly suppressed the males' DTH response through 19 months of age. While the females' DTH response was reduced at 8, 12 and 19 months, significant suppression was observed only at 4 months of age. Secondly, the lowest maternal dose of TCDD that produced DTH suppression was determined by measuring the DTH response to BSA in the 4- and 14-month-old offspring of dams dosed orally with 0, 0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 mu g TCDD/kg on GD14. In the males, suppression was observed at a maternal dose as low as 0.1 mu g TCDD/kg at 14 months of age, while a maternal dose of 0.3 mu g TCDD/kg was necessary to cause suppression in the 14-month-old females. Both males and females were more sensitive to the suppression at 14 months of age than at 4 months of age. Lastly, the DTH response to a second antigen was examined by measuring the DTH response to either BSA or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in the 5- or 4-month-old male offspring, respectively, of dams dosed orally with either 0 or 3.0 mu g TCDD/kg on GD14. The DTH response to both antigens was suppressed significantly. Phenotypic analysis was performed on thymus and lymph node suspensions. Significant effects in the thymus included an increased percentage of gamma delta TCR super(+) cells and a decreased percentage of gamma delta TCR super(+)/CD4 super(-)CD8 super(-) and MHCI super(-) MHCII super(-) cells. In the popliteal lymph node draining the BSA-injected footpad, there was a decreased percentage of gamma delta TCR super(+) and MHCI super(-)MHCII super(-) cells and an increased percentage of MHCI super(+) cells. In conclusion, the suppression of the DTH response associated with perinatal TCDD exposure is persistent through late adulthood, occurs at a low dose (i.e. 0.1 mu g TCDD/kg) to the dam, and is more pronounced in males than females. While phenotypic analysis identified differences in subsets of thymocytes and lymph node cells between control and TCDD exposed offspring, no clear correlations were established between altered subpopulations and suppressed DTH responses. JF - Toxicology AU - Gehrs, B C AU - Smialowicz, R J AD - Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/05/03/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 03 SP - 79 EP - 88 VL - 134 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Thymus KW - TCDD KW - Thymocytes KW - Lymph nodes KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17315870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Persistent+suppression+of+delayed-type+hypersensitivity+in+adult+F344+rats+after+perinatal+exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin&rft.au=Gehrs%2C+B+C%3BSmialowicz%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Gehrs&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-05-03&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; Hypersensitivity; Lymph nodes; Thymocytes; Thymus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of solid phase microextraction for the analysis of hydrophilic compounds. AN - 69905657; 10412667 AB - Two commercially available solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, polyacrylate and carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), were evaluated for their ability to extract hydrophilic compounds from drinking water. Conditions, such as desorption time, desorption temperature, sample temperature, sample stirring, methanol concentration in the sample, and ionic strength of the sample, were optimized for 12 hydrophilic compounds (e.g., amines and alcohols) with both fibers. Accuracy, precision, and method detection limits (MDLs) were determined for the target analytes with both fibers. In general, both fibers exhibited excellent accuracy and precision in the range of 91-110% and 1.0-13%, respectively. The carboxen/PDMS fiber extracted these hydrophilic compounds from water with 10 to 100 times lower MDLs (0.10 to 15 micrograms/l) than the polyacrylate fiber (1.5 to 80 micrograms/l). The MDLs of the carboxen/PDMS fiber demonstrate that SPME is a feasible approach for extracting hydrophilic compounds from drinking water. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Shoemaker, J A AU - Munch, J W AU - Behymer, T D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. shoemaker.jody@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 181 EP - 191 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69905657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+solid+phase+microextraction+for+the+analysis+of+hydrophilic+compounds.&rft.au=Shoemaker%2C+J+A%3BMunch%2C+J+W%3BBehymer%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of drinking water contaminants in the course of a childhood cancer investigation in Toms River, New Jersey. AN - 69905054; 10412669 AB - Using a combination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy (GC/IR) spectroscopic techniques, chemical contaminants and their hydrolysis products were identified in well water sampled in connection with a suspected childhood cancer cluster located in Dover Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. The drinking water contamination resulted from the leaching of industrial waste chemicals from drums that were disposed of at the site known as Reich Farm. Contaminants identified include dinitrile-tetralin compounds, known as 'trimers,' that are by-products of a polymerization process widely used by several polymer manufactures during the 1970s and 1980s (and still used today). Also identified were 'trimer' hydrolysis products, formed by the hydrolysis of their nitrile groups to amides. These industrial contaminants were not present in any of the mass or IR spectral library databases, and their identification required unconventional spectroscopic methods (including high resolution mass spectrometry, chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy), along with scientific reasoning and interpretation. It is currently not known whether these chemical contaminants are responsible for the childhood cancers observed in this area. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Richardson, S D AU - Collette, T W AU - Price, P C AU - Genicola, F A AU - Jenks, J W AU - Thruston, A D AU - Ellington, J J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. richardson.susan@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 200 EP - 216 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Polymers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Incidence KW - Child KW - Industry KW - Polymers -- adverse effects KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- analysis KW - Polymers -- analysis KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69905054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+drinking+water+contaminants+in+the+course+of+a+childhood+cancer+investigation+in+Toms+River%2C+New+Jersey.&rft.au=Richardson%2C+S+D%3BCollette%2C+T+W%3BPrice%2C+P+C%3BGenicola%2C+F+A%3BJenks%2C+J+W%3BThruston%2C+A+D%3BEllington%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low-frequency hearing loss following perinatal exposure to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) in rats. AN - 69852555; 10386834 AB - Previous research has demonstrated the sensitivity of the developing rat to the ototoxic effects of exposure to Aroclor 1254. In this study we assessed the effects of developmental exposure to an individual PCB congener (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl; PCB 126) on auditory function. Nulliparous Long Evans rats received either 0, 0.25, or 1.0 microg/kg/day (5 days/week) for 35 days prior to breeding and throughout gestation and lactation. Auditory thresholds for 0.5-, 1-, 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 40-kHz tones were assessed in offspring on postnatal days (PND) 76-90. Perinatal maternal PCB 126 exposure caused low-frequency hearing deficits. Elevated auditory thresholds occurred in the 1.0 microg/kg/day treated group for 0.5- and 1-kHz tones, whereas thresholds were not significantly affected at any higher frequencies. These results are important in that the data implicate, at least partially, the coplanar PCBs in the developmental ototoxicity induced by Aroclor 1254. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Crofton, K M AU - Rice, D C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. crofton.kevin@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 299 EP - 301 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl KW - TSH69IA9XF KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Aging KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Auditory Threshold -- physiology KW - Hearing Loss -- physiopathology KW - Auditory Threshold -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Hearing Loss -- chemically induced KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Lactation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69852555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Low-frequency+hearing+loss+following+perinatal+exposure+to+3%2C3%27%2C4%2C4%27%2C5-pentachlorobiphenyl+%28PCB+126%29+in+rats.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BRice%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Failure to adequately use positive control data leads to poor quality mouse lymphoma data assessments. AN - 69836649; 10374992 JF - Mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Collard, D D AU - Harrington-Brock, K AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. moore.martha@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 261 EP - 263 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - ethyl acrylate KW - 71E6178C9T KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Acrylates -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Quality Control KW - Leukemia L5178 -- metabolism KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69836649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Failure+to+adequately+use+positive+control+data+leads+to+poor+quality+mouse+lymphoma+data+assessments.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BCollard%2C+D+D%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Issues for conducting the microtiter version of the mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (tk) assay and a critical review of data generated in a collaborative trial using the microtiter method. AN - 69834574; 10374994 JF - Mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Cole, J AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. moore.martha@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 271 EP - 281 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Databases, Factual KW - Cell Culture Techniques -- methods KW - Mice KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Cell Division KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Lymphoma -- metabolism KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- instrumentation KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69834574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Issues+for+conducting+the+microtiter+version+of+the+mouse+lymphoma+thymidine+kinase+%28tk%29+assay+and+a+critical+review+of+data+generated+in+a+collaborative+trial+using+the+microtiter+method.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BCole%2C+J&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorine inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7. AN - 69786950; 10341188 AB - We analyzed isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (which has recently caused waterborne outbreaks) and wild-type E. coli to determine their sensitivity to chlorination. Both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains were significantly reduced within 1 minute of exposure to free chlorine. Results indicate that chlorine levels typically maintained in water systems are sufficient to inactivate these organisms. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Rice, E W AU - Clark, R M AU - Johnson, C H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. rice.gene@epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 461 EP - 463 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Disinfection KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- veterinary KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- transmission KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- drug effects KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Escherichia coli -- growth & development KW - Cattle Diseases -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- prevention & control KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69786950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Chlorine+inactivation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7.&rft.au=Rice%2C+E+W%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BJohnson%2C+C+H&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lett Appl Microbiol. 1996 Sep;23(3):179-82 [8862024] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening methods for thyroid hormone disruptors. AN - 69704631; 10210697 AB - The U.S. Congress has passed legislation requiring the EPA to implement screening tests for identifying endocrine-disrupting chemicals. A series of workshops was sponsored by the EPA, the Chemical Manufacturers Association, and the World Wildlife Fund; one workshop focused on screens for chemicals that alter thyroid hormone function and homeostasis. Participants at this meeting identified and examined methods to detect alterations in thyroid hormone synthesis, transport, and catabolism. In addition, some methods to detect chemicals that bind to the thyroid hormone receptors acting as either agonists or antagonists were also identified. Screening methods used in mammals as well as other vertebrate classes were examined. There was a general consensus that all known chemicals which interfere with thyroid hormone function and homeostasis act by either inhibiting synthesis, altering serum transport proteins, or by increasing catabolism of thyroid hormones. There are no direct data to support the assertion that certain environmental chemicals bind and activate the thyroid hormone receptors; further research is indicated. In light of this, screening methods should reflect known mechanisms of action. Most methods examined, albeit useful for mechanistic studies, were thought to be too specific and therefore would not be applicable for broad-based screening. Determination of serum thyroid hormone concentrations following chemical exposure in rodents was thought to be a reasonable initial screen. Concurrent histologic evaluation of the thyroid would strengthen this screen. Similar methods in teleosts may be useful as screens, but would require indicators of tissue production of thyroid hormones. The use of tadpole metamorphosis as a screen may also be useful; however, this method requires validation and standardization prior to use as a broad-based screen. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - DeVito, M AU - Biegel, L AU - Brouwer, A AU - Brown, S AU - Brucker-Davis, F AU - Cheek, A O AU - Christensen, R AU - Colborn, T AU - Cooke, P AU - Crissman, J AU - Crofton, K AU - Doerge, D AU - Gray, E AU - Hauser, P AU - Hurley, P AU - Kohn, M AU - Lazar, J AU - McMaster, S AU - McClain, M AU - McConnell, E AU - Meier, C AU - Miller, R AU - Tietge, J AU - Tyl, R AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 407 EP - 415 VL - 107 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Antithyroid Agents KW - 0 KW - Triiodothyronine KW - 06LU7C9H1V KW - Thyroxine KW - Q51BO43MG4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Sperm Count -- drug effects KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Homeostasis -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Mass Screening KW - Antithyroid Agents -- toxicity KW - Triiodothyronine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Thyroxine -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69704631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Screening+methods+for+thyroid+hormone+disruptors.&rft.au=DeVito%2C+M%3BBiegel%2C+L%3BBrouwer%2C+A%3BBrown%2C+S%3BBrucker-Davis%2C+F%3BCheek%2C+A+O%3BChristensen%2C+R%3BColborn%2C+T%3BCooke%2C+P%3BCrissman%2C+J%3BCrofton%2C+K%3BDoerge%2C+D%3BGray%2C+E%3BHauser%2C+P%3BHurley%2C+P%3BKohn%2C+M%3BLazar%2C+J%3BMcMaster%2C+S%3BMcClain%2C+M%3BMcConnell%2C+E%3BMeier%2C+C%3BMiller%2C+R%3BTietge%2C+J%3BTyl%2C+R&rft.aulast=DeVito&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochem Cell Biol. 1994 Nov-Dec;72(11-12):581-8 [7654331] Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 May 26;293(1):77-85 [7672011] Eur J Endocrinol. 1995 Oct;133(4):390-8 [7581959] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1995 Nov;135(1):67-76 [7482541] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1995 Nov;135(1):77-88 [7482542] Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1995 Sep 22;113(2):235-43 [8674831] Mutat Res. 1995 Dec;333(1-2):131-42 [8538620] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Jan;136(1):112-7 [8560463] Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1995 Aug;99(2):197-203 [8536930] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Feb;136(2):269-79 [8619235] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1996 Feb;29(2):251-9 [8742323] Anal Biochem. 1996 Feb 1;234(1):56-9 [8742082] Endocrinology. 1996 Jul;137(7):2807-14 [8770901] Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Jan-Feb;9(1):16-23 [8924586] Toxicol Ind Health. 1996 May-Aug;12(3-4):515-31 [8843568] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Aug;104 Suppl 4:715-40 [8880000] J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28199-205 [8910436] Endocrinology. 1997 Jun;138(6):2559-68 [9165049] Reprod Toxicol. 1997 Sep-Oct;11(5):719-50 [9311581] Toxicol Ind Health. 1998 Jan-Apr;14(1-2):59-84 [9460170] Pharmacol Rev. 1998 Mar;50(1):89-105 [9549759] Thyroid. 1998 Sep;8(9):827-56 [9777756] Lancet. 1957 Mar 16;272(6968):553-5 [13407059] J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1963 Aug;23:786-91 [14059555] Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Sep;6(9):1468-78 [1331778] J Neurochem. 1968 Nov;15(11):1335-49 [5707422] J Neurochem. 1976 Mar;26(3):443-9 [4580] Endocrinology. 1977 Aug;101(2):453-63 [18337] Endocrinology. 1978 Sep;103(3):826-37 [744119] Pharmacol Ther B. 1979;5(1-3):305-18 [386373] Endocrinology. 1980 Mar;106(3):859-66 [6243554] Acta Otolaryngol. 1981 Nov-Dec;92(5-6):469-80 [7315266] J Clin Invest. 1982 May;69(5):1176-84 [7068853] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1982 Mar 30;63(1):133-41 [7071868] Endocrinology. 1982 Dec;111(6):1936-43 [7140642] Endocrinology. 1983 Jan;112(1):35-42 [6847829] J Clin Invest. 1983 Apr;71(4):992-1002 [6833498] Hear Res. 1983 Aug;11(2):203-18 [6619005] Endocr Rev. 1984 Spring;5(2):151-84 [6376077] Am J Physiol. 1985 May;248(5 Pt 2):R524-30 [3993812] Endocrinology. 1985 Nov;117(5):2106-13 [4042977] Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1985 Dec;60(3):450-4 [3935513] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Feb;82(2):191-9 [2418534] Neurology. 1986 Jul;36(7):900-11 [3714052] Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1987 Jan;65(1):149-60 [3803897] Annu Rev Physiol. 1987;49:321-34 [3551803] Endocr Rev. 1987 Aug;8(3):288-308 [3308445] J Pharmacol Methods. 1987 Nov;18(3):199-203 [2824935] Pediatr Res. 1988 Feb;23(2):196-9 [3353163] Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1988 Jan;69(1):71-9 [3360289] Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):889-95 [3283939] Toxicol Lett. 1988 Dec;44(3):281-7 [3146151] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Jun 15;99(2):216-28 [2734788] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1989 May;12(4):629-97 [2663577] JAMA. 1990 Mar 16;263(11):1529-32 [2308185] Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Feb;4(2):227-34 [2158622] J Clin Invest. 1990 Sep;86(3):889-99 [2394838] Endocrinology. 1990 Dec;127(6):2997-3002 [2249638] Endocrinology. 1991 Jan;128(1):422-32 [1986934] Arch Toxicol. 1990;64(6):474-81 [1980408] Arch Toxicol. 1991;65(1):15-9 [2043046] Neuroendocrinology. 1991 Apr;53(4):321-7 [2046865] Endocrinology. 1991 Nov;129(5):2663-73 [1935795] Biochem Soc Trans. 1991 Aug;19(3):731-7 [1664394] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 Mar;113(1):36-42 [1553754] Am J Physiol. 1992 May;262(5 Pt 1):E712-20 [1590381] Endocrinology. 1992 Aug;131(2):559-65 [1639007] Biochemistry. 1993 Jan 12;32(1):58-65 [8418860] Endocrinology. 1993 May;132(5):2254-61 [8477670] J Reprod Fertil. 1993 Mar;97(2):493-9 [8501721] Endocr Rev. 1993 Apr;14(2):184-93 [8325251] Endocrinology. 1993 Aug;133(2):755-60 [8344214] Endocrinology. 1993 Nov;133(5):2177-86 [8404669] J Clin Invest. 1993 Oct;92(4):1986-93 [8408652] Biochemistry. 1994 Apr 12;33(14):4319-26 [8155649] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Mar;102(3):290-7 [8033869] Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Apr 4;270(2-3):129-36 [8039542] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Aug 16;91(17):7927-31 [8058736] Biochemistry. 1994 Aug 16;33(32):9668-74 [8068644] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Jun;102 Suppl 2:125-30 [7925183] Funct Dev Morphol. 1993;3(4):237-42 [7949401] J Exp Zool. 1994 Oct 1;270(2):175-88 [7964553] Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1995 Jan;208(1):87-91 [7892302] Mol Cell Biol. 1995 May;15(5):2341-8 [7739517] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking water arsenic in Utah: A cohort mortality study. AN - 69701515; 10210691 AB - The association of drinking water arsenic and mortality outcome was investigated in a cohort of residents from Millard County, Utah. Median drinking water arsenic concentrations for selected study towns ranged from 14 to 166 ppb and were from public and private samples collected and analyzed under the auspices of the State of Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Drinking Water. Cohort members were assembled using historical documents of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Standard mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated. Using residence history and median drinking water arsenic concentration, a matrix for cumulative arsenic exposure was created. Without regard to specific exposure levels, statistically significant findings include increased mortality from hypertensive heart disease [SMR = 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36-3.36], nephritis and nephrosis (SMR = 1.72; CI, 1.13-2.50), and prostate cancer (SMR = 1.45; CI, 1.07-1. 91) among cohort males. Among cohort females, statistically significant increased mortality was found for hypertensive heart disease (SMR = 1.73; CI, 1.11-2.58) and for the category of all other heart disease, which includes pulmonary heart disease, pericarditis, and other diseases of the pericardium (SMR = 1.43; CI, 1.11-1.80). SMR analysis by low, medium, and high arsenic exposure groups hinted at a dose relationship for prostate cancer. Although the SMRs by exposure category were elevated for hypertensive heart disease for both males and females, the increases were not sequential from low to high groups. Because the relationship between health effects and exposure to drinking water arsenic is not well established in U.S. populations, further evaluation of effects in low-exposure populations is warranted. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Lewis, D R AU - Southwick, J W AU - Ouellet-Hellstrom, R AU - Rench, J AU - Calderon, R L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Human Studies Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 359 EP - 365 VL - 107 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Utah -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Arsenic -- adverse effects KW - Mortality KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Health Surveys UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69701515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Drinking+water+arsenic+in+Utah%3A+A+cohort+mortality+study.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+D+R%3BSouthwick%2C+J+W%3BOuellet-Hellstrom%2C+R%3BRench%2C+J%3BCalderon%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer. 1976 May;37(5):2523-32 [1260732] N Engl J Med. 1976 Jan 15;294(3):129-33 [1244508] Environ Health Perspect. 1977 Aug;19:109-19 [908285] Am J Epidemiol. 1978 Nov;108(5):377-85 [727207] Arch Environ Health. 1983 Mar-Apr;38(2):116-21 [6847252] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1983 Sep;31(3):267-70 [6626752] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1983 Jul-Aug;3(4):309-14 [6628893] Cancer Res. 1985 Nov;45(11 Pt 2):5895-9 [4053060] N Engl J Med. 1986 Feb 20;314(8):488-500 [3511384] Br J Cancer. 1986 Mar;53(3):399-405 [3964542] Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Jun;125(6):929-38 [3578251] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1988 Apr;14(2):130-3 [3387961] Arteriosclerosis. 1988 Sep-Oct;8(5):452-60 [3190552] Int J Epidemiol. 1988 Sep;17(3):589-94 [3209340] Arch Environ Health. 1989 Sep-Oct;44(5):283-90 [2554824] Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Dec;130(6):1123-32 [2589305] Cancer Res. 1990 Sep 1;50(17):5470-4 [2386951] Mutat Res. 1990 Nov;239(3):163-79 [2233824] Epidemiology. 1990 Jan;1(1):43-6 [2081237] J Clin Epidemiol. 1992 May;45(5):487-94 [1588354] Br J Cancer. 1992 Nov;66(5):888-92 [1419632] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1992;64(4):235-41 [1468791] Br J Urol. 1993 Mar;71(3):274-8 [8477313] Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Mar 1;139(5):484-92 [8154472] Cancer Causes Control. 1994 Mar;5(2):149-56 [8167262] Am J Ind Med. 1994 May;25(5):625-33 [8030634] Arch Environ Health. 1994 Sep-Oct;49(5):418-27 [7944575] Hypertension. 1995 Jan;25(1):53-60 [7843753] Cancer Res. 1995 Mar 15;55(6):1296-300 [7882325] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Mar 15;141(6):523-30 [7900719] Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996 Apr;16(4):504-10 [8624771] Epidemiology. 1996 Mar;7(2):117-24 [8834549] Stroke. 1997 Sep;28(9):1717-23 [9303014] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Apr 1;147(7):660-9 [9554605] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jul 15;148(2):198-203 [9676702] Cancer. 1960 Jul-Aug;13:739-44 [13845929] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1994 Oct-Nov;3(7):583-90 [7827589] Environ Health Perspect. 1977 Aug;19:103-5 [908283] N Engl J Med. 1973 Apr 19;288(16):828-30 [4348410] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1968 Mar;40(3):453-63 [5644201] Comment In: Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Nov;107(11):A544; author reply A544-6 [10627173] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jan;110(1):A12-3 [11813697] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of microbial community structures in pristine and contaminated aquifers; field and laboratory microcosm experiments AN - 52418350; 1999-073067 AB - This study used phylogenetic probes in hybridization analysis to (i) determine in situ microbial community structures in regions of a shallow sand aquifer that were oxygen depleted and fuel contaminated (FC) or aerobic and noncontaminated (NC) and (ii) examine alterations in microbial community structures resulting from exposure to toluene and/or electron acceptor supplementation (nitrate). The latter objective was addressed by using the NC and FC aquifer materials for anaerobic microcosm studies in which phylogenetic probe analysis was complemented by microbial activity assays. Domain probe analysis of the aquifer samples showed that the communities were predominantly Bacteria; Eucarya and Archaea were not detectable. At the phylum and subclass levels, the FC and NC aquifer material had similar relative abundance distributions of 43 to 65% beta - and gamma -Proteobacteria (B+G), 31 to 35% alpha -Proteobacteria (ALF), 15 to 18% sulfate-reducing bacteria, and 5 to 10% high G+C gram positive bacteria. Compared to that of the NC region, the community structure of the FC material differed mainly in an increased abundance of B+G relative to that of ALF. The microcosm communities were like those of the field samples in that they were predominantly Bacteria (83 to 101%) and lacked detectable Archaea but differed in that a small fraction (2 to 8%) of Eucarya was detected regardless of the treatment applied. The latter result was hypothesized to reflect enrichment of anaerobic protozoa. Addition of nitrate and/or toluene stimulated microbial activity in the microcosms, but only supplementation of toluene alone significantly altered community structures. For the NC material, the dominant subclass shifted from B+G to ALF, while in the FC microcosms 55 to 65% of the Bacteria community was no longer identifiable by the phylum or subclass probes used. The latter result suggested that toluene exposure fostered the proliferation of phylotype(s) that were otherwise minor constituents of the FC aquifer community. These studies demonstrated that alterations in aquifer microbial communities resulting from specific anthropogenic perturbances can be inferred from microcosm studies integrating chemical and phylogenetic probe analysis and in the case of hydrocarbon contamination may facilitate the identification of organisms important for in situ biodegradation processes. Further work integrating and coordinating microcosm and field experiments is needed to explore how differences in scale, substrate complexity, and other hydrogeological conditions may affect patterns observed in these systems. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Shi, Y AU - Zwolinski, M D AU - Schreiber, M E AU - Bahr, J M AU - Sewell, G W AU - Hickey, W J Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 2143 EP - 2150 PB - American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - toluene KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - spatial distribution KW - laboratory studies KW - decontamination KW - water treatment KW - ecology KW - water pollution KW - geochemistry KW - biodegradation KW - experimental studies KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - pollution KW - bioassays KW - bioremediation KW - hydrochemistry KW - BTEX KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - bacteria KW - hydrocarbons KW - DNA KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - microorganisms KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52418350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+microbial+community+structures+in+pristine+and+contaminated+aquifers%3B+field+and+laboratory+microcosm+experiments&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y%3BZwolinski%2C+M+D%3BSchreiber%2C+M+E%3BBahr%2C+J+M%3BSewell%2C+G+W%3BHickey%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aem.asm.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AEMIDF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; bacteria; bioassays; biochemistry; biodegradation; bioremediation; BTEX; decontamination; DNA; ecology; environmental analysis; experimental studies; field studies; geochemistry; ground water; hydrocarbons; hydrochemistry; in situ; laboratory studies; microorganisms; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; remediation; spatial distribution; toluene; water pollution; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ocean's role in climate variability and change and the resulting impacts on coasts AN - 52342696; 2000-048435 JF - Natural Resources Forum AU - Mason, C Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 123 EP - 134 PB - Pergamon VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0165-0203, 0165-0203 KW - marshes KW - reefs KW - shorelines KW - global change KW - ecosystems KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - mires KW - wetlands KW - atolls KW - El Nino KW - climate effects KW - coastal environment KW - ecology KW - world ocean KW - global warming KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52342696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Resources+Forum&rft.atitle=The+ocean%27s+role+in+climate+variability+and+change+and+the+resulting+impacts+on+coasts&rft.au=Mason%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Resources+Forum&rft.issn=01650203&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. block diags. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - NRFODS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; atolls; climate effects; coastal environment; ecology; ecosystems; El Nino; global change; global warming; marshes; mires; reefs; shorelines; wetlands; world ocean ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human encroachment on areas of historic mining; Mesa de Oro subdivision/central Eureka Mine site case study AN - 52065010; 2002-067913 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Ziarkowski, Daniel V AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 113 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - soils KW - protection KW - mines KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - Eureka Mine KW - Sutter County California KW - human ecology KW - California KW - Mesa de Oro Deposit KW - conservation KW - metals KW - Sutter Creek KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52065010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Human+encroachment+on+areas+of+historic+mining%3B+Mesa+de+Oro+subdivision%2Fcentral+Eureka+Mine+site+case+study&rft.au=Ziarkowski%2C+Daniel+V%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ziarkowski&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, 95th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; California; conservation; Eureka Mine; human ecology; medical geology; Mesa de Oro Deposit; metals; mines; pollutants; pollution; protection; public health; soils; Sutter County California; Sutter Creek; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic in waters affected by mill tailings at the Lava Cap Mine, Nevada County, California AN - 52061190; 2002-069129 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Ashley, Roger P AU - Ziarkowski, Daniel V AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 35 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Sierra Nevada KW - mining KW - mines KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - Nevada County California KW - Lava Cap Mine KW - California KW - mining geology KW - metals KW - metal ores KW - gold ores KW - tailings KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52061190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Arsenic+in+waters+affected+by+mill+tailings+at+the+Lava+Cap+Mine%2C+Nevada+County%2C+California&rft.au=Ashley%2C+Roger+P%3BZiarkowski%2C+Daniel+V%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, 95th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; California; gold ores; heavy metals; Lava Cap Mine; metal ores; metals; mines; mining; mining geology; Nevada County California; pollutants; pollution; Sierra Nevada; surface water; tailings; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National water quality monitoring council AN - 17892882; 5137506 AB - The Clean Water Action Plan is an initiative of the Clinton Administration to focus the programs of Federal agencies on America's major water quality problems. The Action Plan prescribes over 100 key actions that, together, create a web of reinforcing commitments. Commitments to better monitoring are found in 17 of these key actions and the National Water Quality Monitoring Council is identified as responsible for three of these. The prominent role given the Council should lead to questions such as what is the National Water Quality Monitoring Council? Where did it come from? What does it do? The following explanation is provided to answer those questions and to describe some of the activities of the Council and our plans for the next several years. Because water-quality information is vital to protect human health, to preserve and restore ecological conditions, and to sustain a viable economy, government agencies, industry, academic researchers, and a variety of private organizations in the United States devote enormous amounts of time and money to monitor water quality. JF - Water Resources Impact AU - Spooner, C AU - Klein, J M AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA, spooner.charles@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 7 EP - 8 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1522-3175, 1522-3175 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Health KW - Monitoring KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Legislation (on industry and trade) KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17892882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Impact&rft.atitle=National+water+quality+monitoring+council&rft.au=Spooner%2C+C%3BKlein%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Spooner&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Impact&rft.issn=15223175&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health; Monitoring; Water quality (Natural waters); Legislation (on industry and trade) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental monitoring and assessment program: current status of Virginian Province (U.S.) estuaries AN - 17588573; 4586981 AB - Monitoring of indicators of the ecological condition of bays, tidal rivers, and estuaries within the Virginian Biogeographic Province (Cape Cod, Massachusetts to Cape Henry, Virginia) was conducted annually by the U.S. EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) during the summer months of 1990 to 1993. Data were collected at 425 probability-based stations within the Province. Indicators monitored included water quality (temperature, salinity, water clarity, and dissolved oxygen concentration), sediment contamination, sediment toxicity, benthic community structure, fish community structure, and fish gross external pathology. Data were used to estimate the current status of the ecological condition of Virginian Province estuarine resources, and provide a baseline for identifying possible future changes. Estimates, with 95% confidence limits, of the areal extent of impacted resources within the Province are provided. Data are also presented by estuarine class (large estuaries, small estuarine systems, and large tidal rivers). Results show that, overall, approximately half of the estuarine waters of the Virginian Province can be classified as impacted based on multiple indicators, with hypoxia being the major stressor. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Strobel, C J AU - Buffum, H W AU - Benyi, S J AU - Paul, J F AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, strobel.charles@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 01 SP - 1 EP - 25 VL - 56 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - USA KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic KW - USA, Virginian Prov. KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Instrumentation KW - Measuring Instruments KW - Indicators KW - Histopathology KW - Water quality KW - ANW, USA, Virginian Province KW - Marine environment KW - Brackishwater fish KW - Pollution indicators KW - Data Collections KW - Bays KW - Rivers KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Estuaries KW - Water Quality KW - Data collections KW - Coastal waters KW - EPA KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - Monitoring KW - Benthos KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Tidal waters KW - Tidal Rivers KW - Sediment pollution KW - Brackishwater pollution KW - Toxicity KW - Anoxic conditions KW - Marine pollution KW - Hypoxia KW - Zoobenthos KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - Q5 08501:General KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17588573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Environmental+monitoring+and+assessment+program%3A+current+status+of+Virginian+Province+%28U.S.%29+estuaries&rft.au=Strobel%2C+C+J%3BBuffum%2C+H+W%3BBenyi%2C+S+J%3BPaul%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Strobel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005911822444 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Estuarine organisms; Pollution monitoring; Sediment pollution; Brackishwater pollution; Estuaries; Histopathology; Toxicity; Coastal waters; Water quality; Community composition; Anoxic conditions; Marine pollution; Zoobenthos; Brackishwater fish; Pollution indicators; Bays; Rivers; Community structure; Benthos; EPA; Marine environment; Hypoxia; Tidal waters; Instrumentation; Indicators; Data collections; Monitoring; Water quality (Natural waters); Measuring Instruments; Tidal Rivers; Water Quality; Data Collections; ANW, USA, Virginian Province DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005911822444 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of the ecological condition of Long Island Sound, 1990-1993 AN - 17585678; 4586982 AB - Data from the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) from 1990 to 1993 were used to assess the condition of the Long Island Sound (LIS) estuary. Ambient water, sediment and biota were collected during the summer months from 53 LIS stations using an unbiased sampling design. The design consists of two LIS subunits, LIS proper, and small estuaries (>2.6 km super(2)) at the margins of the Sound. Selected indicators of condition included: benthic species composition, abundance and biomass; fish species composition and gross external pathology; sediment physical and chemical characterization and sediment toxicity; and water clarity and quality. Results of the four-year sampling indicated that 28( plus or minus 11)% of the areal extent of LIS proper had a benthic index < zero (impacted) and 51( plus or minus 12)% of the area of small estuaries was impacted. Analysis of the results of other indicators also shows that small estuaries were particularly affected. For example, 42( plus or minus 10)% of the areal extent of small estuaries exhibited sediment toxicity, and significant chemical contamination was evident in 22% of the area of small estuaries. Low dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concentrations (<5 ppm), however, appeared to affect only the deeper open waters of western LIS. Approximately 48( plus or minus 12)% of the areal extent of LIS proper documented exposure to at least moderate D.O. stress (<5 ppm). The overall results of this monitoring study indicate that significant anthropogenic impacts have occurred in LIS and that if remediation was to take place, specific localized sediment problems would need attention. Point source and non-point source nutrient inputs to the Sound, which are believed to be the primary causative factor for the observed hypoxic conditions, would also need attention. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Schimmel, S C AU - Benyi, S J AU - Strobel, C J AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, R.I. 02882, USA, schimmel.steve@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 01 SP - 27 EP - 49 VL - 56 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - USA, Long Island Sound KW - USA, New York, Long Island Sound KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Pollution KW - Water sampling KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Eutrophication KW - Nutrient loading KW - Water quality KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Biota KW - Marine environment KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Water Quality Control KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Survey KW - Sediment pollution KW - ANW, USA, Long Island Sound KW - Estuaries KW - Surveys KW - Toxicity KW - Contaminated sediments KW - Pollution surveys KW - Sediments KW - Water quality control KW - Hypoxia KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Benthos KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17585678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+the+ecological+condition+of+Long+Island+Sound%2C+1990-1993&rft.au=Schimmel%2C+S+C%3BBenyi%2C+S+J%3BStrobel%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Schimmel&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005967923353 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Sediment pollution; Eutrophication; Pollution surveys; Dissolved oxygen; Environmental monitoring; Hypoxia; Nutrient loading; Estuaries; Water quality; Sediments; Benthos; Biota; Water sampling; Marine environment; Toxicity; Survey; Pollution (Water); Contaminated sediments; Water Pollution; Water Pollution Sources; Sediment Contamination; Surveys; Water Quality Control; ANW, USA, Long Island Sound DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005967923353 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial scale dependence of rodent habitat use AN - 17426178; 4638782 AB - Many insights into community ecology over the past 3 decades were derived from investigations of associations of rodent species with microhabitats. Nonetheless, studies of microhabitat use of rodents are inconsistent, suggesting spatially dependent interacting factors. We investigated the relative ability of microhabitat and macrohabitat to predict rodent captures in traps placed in 48 trapping grids of 90 traps each during spring and autumn of 1993 and 1994 (17,280 data points). Trapping grids represented eight replications of six discrete macrohabitats. We used discriminant function analysis and random null models to compare the ability of microhabitat and macrohabitat to predict use of individual traps by 13 rodent species. Classification rates for presence at a trap by dummy variables of macrohabitats exceeded those obtained with principle components of microhabitats for nine of 13 species. In seven of those cases, classification rate exceeded that expected from a random distribution of dummy variables. Of the four cases where principle components of microhabitats out-classified dummy variables of macrohabitats, only two exceeded rates expected from a random distribution of dummy variables. Thus, microhabitat partitioning for many species is constrained by local macrohabitat conditions. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Jorgensen, EE AU - Demarais, S AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 421 EP - 429 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Rodents KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Habitat utilization KW - Rodentia KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17426178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Spatial+scale+dependence+of+rodent+habitat+use&rft.au=Jorgensen%2C+EE%3BDemarais%2C+S&rft.aulast=Jorgensen&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rodentia; Habitat utilization; Spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of dissolved and total metals concentrations from acute tests with saltwater organisms AN - 17371935; 4595049 AB - Aquatic life criteria (ALC) have traditionally been expressed for metals in terms of total-recoverable or acid-soluble concentrations. Recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy recommended use of dissolved metal concentrations for setting water quality standards. Criteria derived from previous tests could be expressed in terms of dissolved metals if ratios of dissolved-to-total concentrations in those tests were consistent. Using those metals with insufficient dissolved metals data to directly derive criteria (arsenic (III), cadmium, chromium (VI), lead, nickel, selenium (IV), and zinc), we measured both total and dissolved metal concentrations in acute saltwater static and flow-through tests. Exposure conditions simulated those of original tests used to derive ALC. Partitioning of metals between dissolved and particulate forms was very consistent. Dissolved metal concentrations were greater than 90% of total concentrations in all tests, exceeding 95% in 10 of 13 tests. Dissolved-to-total metal ratios did not vary significantly with concentration, time, or type of test. Biological responses were consistent with historical data. Results implied that in acute saltwater toxicity tests used to establish ALC, metals were primarily dissolved. Thus criteria developed for metals based on total concentrations should be equally valid when expressed in terms of dissolved concentrations. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Lussier, S M AU - Boothman, W S AU - Poucher, S AU - Champlin, D AU - Helmstetten, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, lussier.suzanne@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 889 EP - 898 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Aquatic life criteria KW - aquatic life criteria KW - dissolved metals KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Marine Environment KW - Heavy metals KW - Government policy KW - Pollution effects KW - Water quality KW - Selenium KW - Water Quality Standards KW - Salinity KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Zinc KW - Environmental Policy KW - Cadmium KW - Marine KW - Metals KW - Arsenic KW - Chromium KW - Aquatic Life KW - Brackish KW - Toxicity KW - Water quality standards KW - Water pollution KW - Marine organisms KW - Toxicity testing KW - Hazard assessment KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17371935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+dissolved+and+total+metals+concentrations+from+acute+tests+with+saltwater+organisms&rft.au=Lussier%2C+S+M%3BBoothman%2C+W+S%3BPoucher%2C+S%3BChamplin%2C+D%3BHelmstetten%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lussier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=889&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Ecotoxicology; Pollution effects; Water quality; Water pollution; Hazard assessment; Selenium; Arsenic; Chromium; Zinc; Government policy; Marine organisms; Cadmium; Toxicity testing; Aquatic organisms; Salinity; Heavy metals; Water quality standards; Water Quality Standards; Marine Environment; Aquatic Life; Environmental Policy; Toxicity; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of metal partitioning by supplementing acid volatile sulfide in freshwater sediments AN - 17370216; 4595045 AB - Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) is a component of sediments that complexes some cationic metals and thereby influences the toxicity of these metals to benthic organisms. Experimental manipulation of AVS in metal-contaminated sediments may provide a means to neutralize toxicity due to metals and thereby help assess the cause of sediment toxicity. This study evaluated the effect of spiking FeS, Na sub(2)S, and Na sub(2)S/FeSO sub(4) combined on the concentration of AVS, simultaneously extracted metals (SEM), and porewater metals in uncontaminated and metal-enriched sediments. Experiments with solid FeS showed comparatively low effectiveness in increasing AVS. Spiking with either Na sub(2)S or Na sub(2) S/FeSO sub(4) combined increased AVS and/or reduced SEM metal in Cd-, Zn-, and Ni-spiked sediments and in a Cu-contaminated sediment collected from the field. Spiking with Na sub(2)S/FeSO sub(4) caused marked reductions in dissolved metal concentrations in the pore waters of these sediments; spiking with Na sub(2)S alone caused an apparent elevation in pore-water (Cu) metal that we believe is an artifact of metal sulfide formation in the filtered pore water. When the Na sub(2)S/FeSO sub(4) treatment was evaluated under conditions simulating those in sediment toxicity tests, alterations of AVS/SEM were nearly quantitative, except for Ni-spiked sediment, which showed lower efficiency than the Cd, Zn, or Cu sediments. It appears that AVS spiking holds promise for the experimental manipulation of metal toxicity in sediments. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Leonard, EN AU - Mount AU - Ankley, G T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA, leonard.edward@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 858 EP - 864 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - acid volitile sulfides KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Pore water KW - Sediment pollution KW - Sulfides KW - Interstitial Water KW - Toxicity KW - Freshwater KW - Sulphides KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Neutralization KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17370216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Modification+of+metal+partitioning+by+supplementing+acid+volatile+sulfide+in+freshwater+sediments&rft.au=Leonard%2C+EN%3BMount%3BAnkley%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=EN&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=858&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulphides; Sediment pollution; Ecotoxicology; Pollutant persistence; Pore water; Sulfides; Toxicity; Neutralization; Freshwater pollution; Metals; Sediment Contamination; Interstitial Water; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of precipitation and aggregation of metacinnabar (mercuric sulfide) by dissolved organic matter isolated from the Florida Everglades AN - 17369570; 4585298 AB - Precipitation and aggregation of metacinnabar (black HgS) was inhibited in the presence of low concentrations ( greater than or equal to 3 mg C/L) of humic fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from the Florida Everglades. At low Hg concentrations ( less than or equal to 5 x 10 super(-8) M), DOM prevented the precipitation of metacinnabar. At moderate Hg concentrations (5 x 10 super(-5) M), DOM inhibited the aggregation of colloidal metacinnabar (Hg passed through a 0.1 mu m filter but was removed by centrifugation). At Hg concentrations greater than 5 x 10 super(-4) M, mercury formed solid metacinnabar particles that were removed from solution by a 0.1 mu m filter. Organic matter rich in aromatic moieties was preferentially removed with the solid. Hydrophobic organic acids (humic and fulvic acids) inhibited aggregation better than hydrophilic organic acids. The presence of chloride, acetate, salicylate, EDTA, and cysteine did not inhibit the precipitation or aggregation of metacinnabar. Calcium enhanced metacinnabar aggregation even in the presence of DOM, but the magnitude of the effect was dependent on the concentrations of DOM, Hg, and Ca. Inhibition of metacinnabar precipitation appears to be a result of strong DOM-Hg binding. Prevention of aggregation of colloidal particles appears to be caused by adsorption of DOM and electrostatic repulsion. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Ravichandran, M AU - Aiken, G R AU - Ryan, J N AU - Reddy, M M AD - Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0428, USA, ravichandran.mahalingam@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 May 01 SP - 1418 EP - 1423 VL - 33 IS - 9 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA, Florida, Everglades KW - adsorption KW - dissolved organic matter KW - mercuric sulfide KW - metacinnabar KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Dissolved Solids KW - Mercury compounds KW - Precipitation KW - Marshes KW - Fulvic acids KW - Sulphides KW - Humic acids KW - Acids KW - Dissolved organic matter KW - Chemical Precipitation KW - Mercury KW - Wetlands KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17369570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+precipitation+and+aggregation+of+metacinnabar+%28mercuric+sulfide%29+by+dissolved+organic+matter+isolated+from+the+Florida+Everglades&rft.au=Ravichandran%2C+M%3BAiken%2C+G+R%3BRyan%2C+J+N%3BReddy%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Ravichandran&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes9811187 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulphides; Humic acids; Dissolved organic matter; Mercury compounds; Wetlands; Fulvic acids; Acids; Mercury; Marshes; Precipitation; Dissolved Solids; Chemical Precipitation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9811187 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - pH Dependent toxicity of five metals to three marine organisms AN - 17366665; 4573507 AB - The pH of natural marine systems is relatively stable; this may explain why metal toxicity changes with pH have not been well documented. However, changes in metal toxicity with pH in marine waters are of concern in toxicity testing. During porewater toxicity testing pH can change 1-2 units as porewater is transferred from in situ to a test container. These changes in pH may alter metal toxicity. Also, deliberately altering the sample pH is an important toxicity identification and evaluations (TIE) manipulation designed to detect changes in ammonia toxicity. If altering pH also changes metal toxicity, this may confound interpretation of TIE manipulation results. This study demonstrates that alteration of pH can also change the toxicity of Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn to Mysidopsis bahia (mysid), Ampelisca abdita (amphipod) and Vibrio fischerii [Microtox solid phase test (MSP)]. Changes in toxicity with respect to pH were metal and organism specific with the following trends. For the MSP assay, as pH decreased there was a decrease in toxicity for Pb, Ni, Cd, and Zn and an increase in toxicity for Cu. For mysids, as pH decreased, there was a decrease in toxicity for Pb and an increase in toxicity for Cu and Ni. For amphipods, Cu was the only metal that showed decreased toxicity with decreasing pH; the toxicity of all other metals for amphipods remained constant. Results of this study indicate changes in metal toxicity with respect to pH must be considered for porewater testing and TIE interpretation. JF - Environmental Toxicology AU - Ho, K T AU - Kuhn, A AU - Pelletier, M C AU - Hendricks, T L AU - Helmstetter, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Ecological Effects Research Laboratory, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, ho.kay@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 235 EP - 240 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 1520-4081, 1520-4081 KW - Ampelisca abdita KW - Mysidopsis bahia KW - Vibrio fischeri KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Crustaceans (Amphipod) KW - Pore water KW - Marine Environment KW - Heavy metals KW - Nickel KW - Pollution effects KW - Copper KW - Marine environment (see also Sea water) KW - Mysidopsis KW - Hydrogen ion concentrations KW - Lead KW - Zinc KW - Cadmium KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - Toxicology KW - Marine KW - Metals KW - Bacteria (Vibrionaceae) (Luminescent) KW - Amphipods KW - Ammonia KW - Hydrogen Ion Concentration KW - Interstitial waters KW - Toxicity KW - Interstitial Water KW - Water pollution KW - Bioassays KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Marine organisms KW - Toxicity (see also Lethal limits) KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Toxicity testing KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24161:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17366665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology&rft.atitle=pH+Dependent+toxicity+of+five+metals+to+three+marine+organisms&rft.au=Ho%2C+K+T%3BKuhn%2C+A%3BPelletier%2C+M+C%3BHendricks%2C+T+L%3BHelmstetter%2C+A&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology&rft.issn=15204081&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291522-7278%28199905%2914%3A23.0.CO%3B2-J LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioassays; Heavy metals; Pollution effects; pH effects; Water pollution; Toxicology; Zinc; Nickel; Marine organisms; Cadmium; Copper; Toxicity testing; Lead; Pore water; pH; Crustaceans (Amphipod); Metals; Bacteria (Vibrionaceae) (Luminescent); Ammonia; Interstitial waters; Toxicity (see also Lethal limits); Mysidopsis; Marine environment (see also Sea water); Pollution (Water); Hydrogen ion concentrations; Marine Environment; Amphipods; Water Pollution Effects; Hydrogen Ion Concentration; Interstitial Water; Toxicity; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7278(199905)14:2<235::AID-TOX4>3.0.CO;2-J ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optical depth, size distribution and flux of dust from Owens Lake, California AN - 17307565; 4561707 AB - A joint United States/Russian/French collaborative experiment was undertaken in March 1993 and March 1996. Projects LODE I and II (Lake Owens Dust Experiments) took place on the anthropogenically desertified playa (dry lakebed) and surrounding regions of Owens Lake, in east-central California. One of the five parts of Project LODE was to determine relationships between optical depth and flux of dust emitted from the dry lake. Project LODE II included subsequent dust plume measurements and size distributions obtained through April 1996, to further refine the flux measurements for distinct mineral aerosol source regions at Owens Lake. Size distributions of dust aerosol were determined and aerosol optical depths were calculated from sunphotometer solar extinction measurements taken downwind in plumes coming from the emissive areas of Owens Lake. This source was visually observed for 10 measured dust storms. The plume mass was calculated to be 1 times 5 x 10 super(9) g using ground-based measurements and greater than or equal to 1 times 6 x 10 super(9) g from satellite data. Project LODE II results were found to be consistent with LODE I results for the south end of the playa, but flux values were found to be reduced for the northeastern portion of the playa by comparison. Vertical flux values estimated by sunphotometry were found to be consistent with values estimated via a micrometeorological method. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Niemeyer, T C AU - Gillette, DA AU - Deluisi, J J AU - Kim, Y J AU - Niemeyer, W F AU - Ley, T AU - Gill, TE AU - Ono, D AD - Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division, Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, GILLETTE.DALE@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 463 EP - 479 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - USA, California, Owens L. KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Optical analysis KW - Aerosols KW - Meteorology KW - Plumes KW - Dust KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17307565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Optical+depth%2C+size+distribution+and+flux+of+dust+from+Owens+Lake%2C+California&rft.au=Niemeyer%2C+T+C%3BGillette%2C+DA%3BDeluisi%2C+J+J%3BKim%2C+Y+J%3BNiemeyer%2C+W+F%3BLey%2C+T%3BGill%2C+TE%3BOno%2C+D&rft.aulast=Niemeyer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-9837%28199905%2924%3A53.3.CO%3B2-I LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Aeolian Sand Transport Processes. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Optical analysis; Dust; Meteorology; Plumes; Aerosols DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199905)24:5<463::AID-ESP2>3.3.CO;2-I ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ocean's role in climate variability and change and the resulting impacts on coasts AN - 17303452; 4549707 AB - This article describes the oceans' influence on weather and climate and identifies selected global climate change impacts on coastal areas. It is divided into three parts: seasonal to inter-annual climate impacts; decadal to centennial climate impacts; and coastal global climate change impacts. The article describes how the weather and climate are driven by the redistribution of heat. The major source of heat at the surface of the earth is the sun, principally through incoming visible radiation. Most of it is absorbed by the earth's surface. This radiation is redistributed by the ocean and the atmosphere and the excess is radiated back into space as longer wavelength, infrared radiation. Clouds and other gases, primarily water vapour and carbon dioxide, absorb the infrared radiation emitted by the earth's surface and reemit their own heat at much lower temperatures. This "traps" the earth's radiation and makes the earth much warmer than it would be otherwise. Most of the incoming solar radiation is received in tropical regions, while very little is received in polar regions especially during winter months. Over time, energy absorbed near the equator spreads to the colder regions of the globe, carried by winds in the atmosphere and by currents in the oceans. JF - Natural resources forum. Dordrecht Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 123 EP - 134 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0165-0203, 0165-0203 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Institutional resources KW - Sociological aspects KW - Ecosystems KW - Climatic changes KW - Brackish KW - World Ocean KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Environmental protection KW - Coastal zone management KW - Marine environment KW - Oceans KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Environmental effects KW - Meteorology KW - Climatology KW - Sea level changes KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - O 6060:Coastal Zone Resources and Management KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17303452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+resources+forum.+Dordrecht&rft.atitle=The+ocean%27s+role+in+climate+variability+and+change+and+the+resulting+impacts+on+coasts&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+resources+forum.+Dordrecht&rft.issn=01650203&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue on Oceans. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sociological aspects; Institutional resources; Ecosystems; Climatic changes; Greenhouse effect; Environmental protection; Coastal zone management; Marine environment; Oceans; Environmental effects; Ocean-atmosphere system; Climatology; Meteorology; Sea level changes; World Ocean; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Retrospective Examination of In-Home Educational Visits to Reduce Childhood Lead Levels AN - 17251614; 4518782 AB - A number of human health effects from lead are well known. However, the means for reducing lead exposure in children has been a subject of uncertainty. This paper presents results of a retrospective study of educational lead reduction interventions in Milwaukee, Wisconsin for children who had elevated blood lead levels between 20 and 24 mu g/dl. The study examined Milwaukee Health Department (MHD) records of baseline and follow-up blood lead measurements. A study group of children received an in-home educational visit by an MHD paraprofessional. The educational visits last about an hour and the importance of reducing lead exposure, nutritional suggestions, and dust clean-up practices and behavioral changes that can reduce lead exposure are discussed. After the intervention, the average observed blood lead level (n=187) declined by 4.2 mu g/dl or by about 21%. A decline of 1.2 mu g/dl (6%) was also observed in a reference group of 226 children who did not receive an MHD in-home visit. The decline in the reference group may be partially due to education at the clinics taking the blood samples. The study group had a decline in blood lead levels 3.1 mu g/dl (15%) greater than the reference group, with the difference between groups being statistically significant with a P value of less than 0.001. Although significant exposures remained in most of the children studied, important lead reductions were observed with this relatively inexpensive and simple intervention. Education in the homes of families at risk for lead poisoning may be an effective component of programs to reduce blood lead levels. JF - Environmental Research AU - Schultz, B AU - Pawel, D AU - Murphy, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 364 EP - 368 PB - Academic Press VL - 80 IS - 4 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - USA, Wisconsin, Milwaukee KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Lead KW - Public health KW - Urban areas KW - Poisoning KW - Children KW - Blood KW - Education KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17251614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=A+Retrospective+Examination+of+In-Home+Educational+Visits+to+Reduce+Childhood+Lead+Levels&rft.au=Schultz%2C+B%3BPawel%2C+D%3BMurphy%2C+A&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lead; Urban areas; Children; Poisoning; Public health; Heavy metals; Education; Blood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of renal excretion of phenol and major metabolites in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) AN - 17220346; 4507653 AB - Renal excretion of phenol (PH), phenyl glucuronide (PG), phenyl sulfate (PS), and hydroquinone (HQ) was determined in 600-900 g rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) continuously exposed (144-h) to waterborne PH (5 mg l super(-1) or 53.2 mu mol l super(-1)) in respirometer-metabolism chambers. The `free' plasma concentration time course was obtained from samples withdrawn from a dorsal aortic cannulae, while the urine concentration time course was acquired using a bladder catheter. Microdialysis and HPLC techniques were used to isolate and identify PH and metabolites. Plasma and urinary PH were at steady-state in 4 h. PG and HQ in both plasma and urine continued to rise throughout 144 h. PS values in plasma reached a maximum around 48 h, while urine PS plateaued near 24 h. Of the net PH gill uptake at steady-state (144 h), as much as 50% was eliminated in the urine (PG = 81, PS = 16, PH = 4%) and the rest extrarenally. PS kinetics suggested the existence of a high affinity/low capacity pathway, while PG production was suggestive of a low affinity/high capacity formation pathway. Rainbow trout glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 6.10 ml kg super(-1) h super(-1), which was 30% higher than the mean urine flow rate (UFR) of 4.28 ml kg super(-1) h super(-1). Renal Clearance (Cl sub(x)) calculated for PH, PG, PS and HQ were 4.12, 8.67, 24.33 and 1.85 ml kg super(-1) h super(-1), respectively. Urine Clearance Ratios (Cl sub(x)/GFR) were 0.69, 1.56, 5.49 and 0.30 for PH, PG, PS and HQ, respectively. The results of this study support in vivo tubular secretion in freshwater adapted trout for both PG and PS, and suggest a possible kidney secretory transport maxima for sulfate conjugates. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - McKim, J M AU - Kolanczyk, R C AU - Lien, G J AU - Hoffman, AD AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 265 EP - 277 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Phenols KW - Rainbow trout KW - pharmacokinetics KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Sulfates KW - Metabolites KW - Freshwater fish KW - Kidneys KW - Toxicity KW - Glomerular filtration rate KW - Trout KW - Urine KW - Kidney KW - Excretion KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17220346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+renal+excretion+of+phenol+and+major+metabolites+in+the+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss%29&rft.au=McKim%2C+J+M%3BKolanczyk%2C+R+C%3BLien%2C+G+J%3BHoffman%2C+AD&rft.aulast=McKim&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfates; Urine; Kidney; Excretion; Metabolites; Toxicity; Glomerular filtration rate; Phenols; Freshwater fish; Trout; Kidneys; Oncorhynchus mykiss ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of uncertainty in the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with nitrogen dioxide on model-simulated ozone control strategies AN - 16124933; 4561347 AB - We evaluated the effect of a 20% reduction in the rate constant of the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with nitrogen dioxide to produce nitric acid (OH + NO sub(2) arrow right HNO sub(3)) on model predictions of ozone mixing ratios ([O sub(3)]) and the effectiveness of reductions in emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NO sub(x)) for reducing [O sub(3)]. By comparing a model simulation with the new rate constant to a base case scenario, we found that the [O sub(3)] increase was between 2 and 6% for typical rural conditions and between 6 and 16% for typical urban conditions. The increases in [O sub(3)] were less than proportional to the reduction in the OH + NO sub(2) rate constant because of negative feedbacks in the photochemical mechanism. Next, we used two different approaches to evaluate how the new OH + NO sub(2) rate constant changed the effectiveness of reductions in emissions of VOC and NO sub(x): first, we evaluated the effect on [O sub(3)] sensitivity to small changes in emissions of VOC (d[O sub(3)]/dE sub(voc)) and NO sub(x) (d[O sub(3)]/dE sub(NOx)); and secondly, we used the empirical kinetic modeling approach to evaluate the effect on the level of emissions reduction necessary to reduce [O sub(3)] to a specified level. Both methods showed that reducing the OH + NO sub(2) rate constant caused control strategies for VOC to become less effective relative to NO sub(x) control strategies. We found, however, that d[O sub(3)]/dE sub(voc) and d[O sub(3)]/dE sub(NOx) did not quantitatively predict the magnitude of the change in the control strategy because the [O sub(3)] response was nonlinear with respect to the size of the emissions reduction. We conclude that model sensitivity analyses calculated using small emissions changes do not accurately characterize the effect of uncertainty in model inputs (in this case, the OH + NO sub(2) rate constant) on O sub(3) attainment strategies. Instead, the effects of changes in model inputs should be studied using large changes in precursor emissions to approximate realistic attainment scenarios. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Tonnesen, G S AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, MD 84, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, tonnesen@olympus.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DA - May 1999 SP - 1587 EP - 1598 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Chemical reactions KW - Air pollution control KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16124933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Effects+of+uncertainty+in+the+reaction+of+the+hydroxyl+radical+with+nitrogen+dioxide+on+model-simulated+ozone+control+strategies&rft.au=Tonnesen%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Tonnesen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2898%2900375-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemical reactions; Air pollution control; Volatile organic compounds; Ozone; Hydroxyl radicals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00375-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of the feasibility of using cytogenetic damage as a biomarker for alachlor exposure AN - 17231431; 4522975 AB - Alachlor is a widely used herbicide for which there is significant human exposure, principally through groundwater contamination and inhalation. Because alachlor is purported to be carcinogenic and mutagenic, we initiated studies to determine if induced cytogenetic damage could be used as a biomarker for exposure to this herbicide. Both isolated and whole blood human lymphocytes were exposed to alachlor using several protocols. The lymphocytes were cultured for analysis of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberrations (CAs), micronuclei (MN) in cytochalasin B-induced binucleated cells, and proliferation kinetics using the replicative index (RI). In addition, CD rats were injected with either 10 or 50 mg kg super(-1) of alachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide (CDEPA) or 2,6-diethylanaline (DEA). After 24 h, the peripheral blood lymphocytes were removed and cultured for SCE and RI analysis. Alachlor did induce a concentration-related increase in SCE in vitro, but neither it nor its metabolites (CDEPA or DEA) induced a significant increase in SCEs or an alteration of RI in vivo. At the highest in vitro concentration tested, alachlor induced a statistically-significant increase in MN, but no concomitant increase in CAs was seen. From analyses of our data and the literature on alachlor clastogenicity and exposure levels, we concluded that cytogenetic damage may not be an adequately sensitive marker for evaluating human exposure to alachlor. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Kligerman, AD AU - Erexson, G AD - Genetics and Cellular Toxicology Branch, Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Drop 68, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/04/26/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 26 SP - 95 EP - 101 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 441 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide KW - 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide KW - Alachlor KW - biomarkers KW - man KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Sister chromatid exchange KW - Micronuclei KW - Peripheral blood KW - Herbicides KW - Lymphocytes KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - Cytogenetics KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17231431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+the+feasibility+of+using+cytogenetic+damage+as+a+biomarker+for+alachlor+exposure&rft.au=Kligerman%2C+AD%3BErexson%2C+G&rft.aulast=Kligerman&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1999-04-26&rft.volume=441&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sister chromatid exchange; Chromosome aberrations; Herbicides; Lymphocytes; Cytogenetics; Peripheral blood; Alachlor; Micronuclei ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cardioselective and cumulative oxidation of mitochondrial DNA following subchronic doxorubicin administration. AN - 69714004; 10216166 AB - We recently reported the preferential accumulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) adducts in cardiac mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) following acute intoxication of rats with doxorubicin (C.M. Palmeira et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1321 (1997) 101-106). The concentration of 8OHdG adducts decreased to control values within 2 weeks. Since conventional antineoplastic therapy entails repeated administration of small doses of doxorubicin, it was of interest to characterize the kinetics for the accumulation and repair of 8OHdG adducts in the various DNA fractions. Weekly injections of doxorubicin (2 mg/kg, i.p.) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats caused a cumulative dose-dependent increase in the concentration of 8OHdG adducts in both mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) from heart and liver. Following six weekly injections, the concentration of 8OHdG in cardiac mtDNA was 50% higher than liver mtDNA and twice that of cardiac nDNA. In contrast to the rapid repair of 8OHdG observed during the first days following an acute intoxicating dose of doxorubicin, the concentration of 8OHdG adducts remained constant between 1 and 5 weeks following the last injection. This was true for all DNA fractions examined. The cardioselective accumulation and persistence of 8OHdG adducts to mtDNA is consistent with the implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in the cumulative and irreversible cardiotoxicity observed clinically in patients receiving doxorubicin cancer chemotherapy. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Serrano, J AU - Palmeira, C M AU - Kuehl, D W AU - Wallace, K B AD - NHEERL, Midcontinent Ecology Division, U.S. EPA, Duluth, MN, USA. Y1 - 1999/04/21/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Apr 21 SP - 201 EP - 205 VL - 1411 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - DNA, Mitochondrial KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - DNA Repair KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mitochondria, Liver -- metabolism KW - Mitochondria, Heart -- drug effects KW - Mitochondria, Liver -- drug effects KW - Mitochondria, Heart -- metabolism KW - Male KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- metabolism KW - Doxorubicin -- toxicity KW - Doxorubicin -- administration & dosage KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69714004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Cardioselective+and+cumulative+oxidation+of+mitochondrial+DNA+following+subchronic+doxorubicin+administration.&rft.au=Serrano%2C+J%3BPalmeira%2C+C+M%3BKuehl%2C+D+W%3BWallace%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Serrano&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-04-21&rft.volume=1411&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sulfate content correlates with iron concentrations in ambient air pollution particles. AN - 69841018; 10380171 AB - Current levels of air pollution particles in American cities can increase human mortality. Both the mechanism of injury and the responsible components are not known. We have postulated that injury following air pollution particle exposure is produced through a generation of oxygen-based free radicals catalyzed by metals present in the particles. As a result of its abundance in the atmosphere, sulfate appears to potentially be the most successful ligand to complex metal cations. We tested the hypothesis that (1) some portion of iron in ambient air pollution particles is present as sulfate and (2) this relationship between iron and sulfate results from the capacity of the latter to function as a ligand to mobilize the metal from the oxide. Concentrations of sulfate and iron in acid extracts of 20 filters (total suspended particles) from Utah were measured using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. In vitro oxidant generation was also measured using thiobarbituric acid-reactive products of deoxyribose. There were significant correlations between sulfate content, iron concentrations, and oxidant generation. Agitation of calcium sulfate with iron(III) oxide produced concentrations of water-soluble, catalytically active iron. We conclude that some portion of iron in the atmosphere is present as a sulfate. This relationship between sulfate and iron concentrations is likely the product of SO42- functioning as a ligand for the meal after its mobilization from an oxide by photoreduction. There were also associations between sulfate content, iron concentrations, and oxidant generation. However, sulfates had no capacity to support electron transport unless they were present with iron. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Ghio, A J AU - Stoneheurner, J AU - McGee, J K AU - Kinsey, J S AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Clinical Research Branch, Human Studies Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 293 EP - 307 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Sulfates KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission KW - Urban Health KW - Nephelometry and Turbidimetry KW - Utah KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Sulfates -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69841018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Sulfate+content+correlates+with+iron+concentrations+in+ambient+air+pollution+particles.&rft.au=Ghio%2C+A+J%3BStoneheurner%2C+J%3BMcGee%2C+J+K%3BKinsey%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Ghio&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Animals as sentinels of human health hazards of environmental chemicals. AN - 69646794; 10090711 AB - A workshop titled "Using Sentinel Species Data to Address the Potential Human Health Effects of Chemicals in the Environment," sponsored by the U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, the National Center for Environmental Assessment of the EPA, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, was held to consider the use of sentinel and surrogate animal species data for evaluating the potential human health effects of chemicals in the environment. The workshop took a broad view of the sentinel species concept, and included mammalian and nonmammalian species, companion animals, food animals, fish, amphibians, and other wildlife. Sentinel species data included observations of wild animals in field situations as well as experimental animal data. Workshop participants identified potential applications for sentinel species data derived from monitoring programs or serendipitous observations and explored the potential use of such information in human health hazard and risk assessments and for evaluating causes or mechanisms of effect. Although it is unlikely that sentinel species data will be used as the sole determinative factor in evaluating human health concerns, such data can be useful as for additional weight of evidence in a risk assessment, for providing early warning of situations requiring further study, or for monitoring the course of remedial activities. Attention was given to the factors impeding the application of sentinel species approaches and their acceptance in the scientific and regulatory communities. Workshop participants identified a number of critical research needs and opportunities for interagency collaboration that could help advance the use of sentinel species approaches. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - van der Schalie, W H AU - Gardner, H S AU - Bantle, J A AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Finch, R A AU - Reif, J S AU - Reuter, R H AU - Backer, L C AU - Burger, J AU - Folmar, L C AU - Stokes, W S Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 309 EP - 315 VL - 107 IS - 4 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Biological Assay KW - Species Specificity KW - Risk Assessment KW - Sentinel Surveillance -- veterinary KW - Environmental Health KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69646794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Animals+as+sentinels+of+human+health+hazards+of+environmental+chemicals.&rft.au=van+der+Schalie%2C+W+H%3BGardner%2C+H+S%3BBantle%2C+J+A%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BFinch%2C+R+A%3BReif%2C+J+S%3BReuter%2C+R+H%3BBacker%2C+L+C%3BBurger%2C+J%3BFolmar%2C+L+C%3BStokes%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=van+der+Schalie&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1975 May 16;188(4189):738-40 [1168366] World Neurol. 1960 Nov;1:370-95 [13755288] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Jun 20;82(12):1042-6 [2348468] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 Sep 4;83(17):1226-31 [1870148] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1991 Aug;33(4):359-73 [1875428] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 Oct 16;83(20):1497-9 [1920497] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Feb 1;135(3):324-5 [1295487] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1994 Apr-May;3(3):233-7 [8019373] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Feb 15;141(4):352-9 [7840113] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Aug;102(8):680-8 [7895709] Mil Med. 1995 May;160(5):248-55 [7659215] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Oct;103 Suppl 7:173-8 [8593867] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Dec;105(12):1282-3 [9405324] J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1969 Mar 15;154(6):623-30 [5812894] Vet Clin North Am. 1973 May;3(2):273-7 [4739822] J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1974 Sep 1;165(5):437-9 [4425399] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Mar 1;147(5):488-92 [9525536] Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1998 Mar;39(3):215-26 [9570913] J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1953 Nov;123(920):383-8 [13108792] Environ Res. 1983 Dec;32(2):305-13 [6641667] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and phototoxicity of measures of highly lipophilic PAH compounds in marine sediment; can the Sigma PAH model be extrapolated? AN - 52473368; 1999-041614 JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Boese, B L AU - Ozretich, R J AU - Lamberson, J O AU - Swartz, R C AU - Cole, F A AU - Pelletier, J AU - Jones, J Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 270 EP - 280 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - equations KW - measurement KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - marine sediments KW - toxicity KW - sampling KW - sediments KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52473368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+phototoxicity+of+measures+of+highly+lipophilic+PAH+compounds+in+marine+sediment%3B+can+the+Sigma+PAH+model+be+extrapolated%3F&rft.au=Boese%2C+B+L%3BOzretich%2C+R+J%3BLamberson%2C+J+O%3BSwartz%2C+R+C%3BCole%2C+F+A%3BPelletier%2C+J%3BJones%2C+J&rft.aulast=Boese&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(4rb2jbyxcwtb1he1c13ybdmm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100119,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AECTCV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; concentration; equations; hydrocarbons; marine sediments; measurement; models; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; sampling; sediments; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stochastic simulation of field-scale pesticide transport using Opus and GLEAMS AN - 52213754; 2001-051752 AB - Incorporating variability in soil and chemical properties into root zone leaching models should provide a better representation of pollutant distribution in natural field conditions. Our objective was to determine if a more mechanistic rate-based model (Opus) would predict soil water and pesticide mass in the soil profile more accurately than a capacity-based model (GLEAMS) when spatial variability and uncertainty in parameters are considered. Predictions of spatial variations of soil water content and movement of aldicarb [2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide] in the root zone were compared using 3 yr of observed data from a 3.9-ha agricultural field in southwest Georgia. Spatial variability of soil physical properties, pesticide properties, and pesticide application were described using probability distributions fitted to measured field data, after removing spatial trends that were physically meaningful. There were significant differences in mean soil water content predicted by the two models, although variations around the mean were comparable. Pesticide mass predictions were different on most post-application dates in both mean and spatial variation. The less rigorous GLEAMS predicted mean depth-averaged soil water content and pesticide mass in the 1.2-m profile at least as good as the more mechanistic Opus, although it did not simulate depth distributions of water or pesticide mass as well as Opus. GLEAMS simulated spatial variations of depth-averaged soil water content and pesticide mass in the field with reasonable accuracy while employing fewer parameters that exhibit lower spatial variability. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Zacharias, S AU - Heatwole, C D AU - Persaud, N AU - Bruggeman, A C AU - Kumar, D AU - Smith, C N A2 - Roy, W. R. A2 - Rogowski, A. S. Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 411 EP - 423 PB - American Society of Agronomy, [and] Crop Science Society of America, [and] Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - soils KW - GLEAMS KW - pollutants KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - nonpoint sources KW - simulation KW - environmental effects KW - models KW - spatial variations KW - transport KW - stochastic processes KW - agrochemicals KW - Opus KW - chemical properties KW - water content KW - pesticides KW - pore water KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52213754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Stochastic+simulation+of+field-scale+pesticide+transport+using+Opus+and+GLEAMS&rft.au=Zacharias%2C+S%3BHeatwole%2C+C+D%3BPersaud%2C+N%3BBruggeman%2C+A+C%3BKumar%2C+D%3BSmith%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Zacharias&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://jeq.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Applications of GIS, remote sensing, geostatistics, and solute transport modeling to the assessment of nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JEVQAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; chemical properties; environmental effects; field studies; GLEAMS; models; nonpoint sources; Opus; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; pore water; prediction; simulation; soils; spatial variations; stochastic processes; transport; water content ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface water impacts on groundwater quality in a shallow limestone and dolomite bedrock aquifer, Clark County, Ohio AN - 52057389; 2002-073963 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Bendula, Rich A AU - Moore, Bob AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 4 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - limestone KW - water quality KW - dolostone KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Escherichia coli KW - coliform bacteria KW - Escherichia KW - Ohio KW - bedrock KW - Paleozoic KW - Clark County Ohio KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - nitrates KW - Silurian KW - aquifers KW - infiltration KW - bacteria KW - turbidity KW - carbonate rocks KW - water wells KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52057389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Surface+water+impacts+on+groundwater+quality+in+a+shallow+limestone+and+dolomite+bedrock+aquifer%2C+Clark+County%2C+Ohio&rft.au=Bendula%2C+Rich+A%3BMoore%2C+Bob%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Bendula&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, North-Central Section, 33rd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; bacteria; bedrock; carbonate rocks; Clark County Ohio; coliform bacteria; dolostone; environmental analysis; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; ground water; infiltration; limestone; nitrates; Ohio; Paleozoic; pollution; sedimentary rocks; Silurian; surface water; turbidity; United States; water quality; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental applications of ESE data and information AN - 51181393; 2002-003984 JF - Earth Observation Magazine AU - Corbley, Kevin P AU - Mace, Thomas H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 50 EP - 52 PB - EOM, Inc., Littleton, CO VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1076-3430, 1076-3430 KW - thematic mapper KW - imagery KW - geophysical surveys KW - government agencies KW - ESE KW - Earth Science Enterprise KW - mapping KW - environmental analysis KW - AVHRR KW - infrared methods KW - SAR KW - programs KW - monitoring KW - global KW - geophysical methods KW - SeaWiFS KW - pollution KW - satellite methods KW - Landsat KW - NASA KW - surveys KW - waste disposal KW - image analysis KW - remote sensing KW - airborne methods KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51181393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Observation+Magazine&rft.atitle=Environmental+applications+of+ESE+data+and+information&rft.au=Corbley%2C+Kevin+P%3BMace%2C+Thomas+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Corbley&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Observation+Magazine&rft.issn=10763430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - airborne methods; AVHRR; Earth Science Enterprise; environmental analysis; ESE; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; global; government agencies; image analysis; imagery; infrared methods; Landsat; mapping; monitoring; NASA; pollution; programs; remote sensing; SAR; satellite methods; SeaWiFS; surveys; thematic mapper; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil-atmosphere exchange of methane in adjacent cultivated and floodplain forest soils AN - 50155031; 2001-052628 AB - The soil-atmosphere exchange of methane was measured in adjacent cultivated (corn) and forest (upper floodplain, mixed hardwood) habitats of the southeastern U.S. piedmont for a period of 3 years using closed chambers. We have evaluated the effect of the following factors on soil-atmosphere methane exchange: (1) interannual variability of climatic conditions, (2) landscape position (i.e., river levee versus terrace), and (3) disturbance ranging from intense (cultivation) through moderate (approximately annual flooding events that last from weeks to months) to subtle (approximately annual flooding of a few days duration). We found that mean methane consumption in the cultivated and forested terrace sites was <0.3 mg CH (sub 4) m (super -2) d (super -1) , whereas the mean consumption rate in forested levee sites was about 1.4 mg CH (sub 4) m (sub 2) d (super -1) over the course of the 3 years. Moisture levels in the upper soil (0-5 cm) appear to exert little control of methane exchange in any of the habitats. We observed little seasonal variation in methane flux in the levee sites, in contrast to results observed by others in higher-latitude and tropical forests. Our results suggest that very subtle differences in landscape position and disturbance impact the strength of the soil methane sink. We cannot conclude that agricultural development destroyed the methane sink capacity of these floodplain terrace soils because it was probably already quite low due to periodic disturbance by flooding. Limited measurements of nitrogen cycling suggest that methane flux differences observed among the different habitats are not obviously related to differences in N mineralization or nitrification as in other ecosystems. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Burke, Roger A AU - Meyer, Judith L AU - Cruse, Jennifer M AU - Birkhead, Karen M AU - Paul, Michael J Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - April 1999 SP - 8161 EP - 8171 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 104 IS - D7 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - moisture KW - floodplains KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - Appalachians KW - ecosystems KW - environmental analysis KW - Alabama KW - nitrogen KW - Brown forest soils KW - climate effects KW - soils KW - North America KW - methane KW - Virginia KW - human activity KW - alkanes KW - soil-atmosphere exchange KW - geochemical cycle KW - organic compounds KW - nitrification KW - hydrocarbons KW - fluvial features KW - Piedmont KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50155031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Soil-atmosphere+exchange+of+methane+in+adjacent+cultivated+and+floodplain+forest+soils&rft.au=Burke%2C+Roger+A%3BMeyer%2C+Judith+L%3BCruse%2C+Jennifer+M%3BBirkhead%2C+Karen+M%3BPaul%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=D7&rft.spage=8161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F1999JD900015 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alabama; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Appalachians; Brown forest soils; climate effects; ecosystems; environmental analysis; floodplains; fluvial features; geochemical cycle; human activity; hydrocarbons; methane; moisture; nitrification; nitrogen; North America; organic compounds; Piedmont; soil-atmosphere exchange; soils; United States; Virginia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of bivalves as biomonitors of heavy metals pollution in marine waters AN - 17584572; 4587704 AB - Heavy metals (namely Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Pb, Ni, and Ag) that are present at concentrations common in ambient marine waters can cause adverse effects in shellfish. Such effects can significantly impact the trophic structure of a biological community. Heavy metals uptake is dependent on both geochemical and biological factors. In bivalves, the extent of accumulation is a function of several biotic and abiotic variables. Based on several criteria, (including: an ability to accumulate metals without suffering mortality, habitation within, and continuous exposure to, the contaminated matrix, hardiness, and ease of sampling) bivalve molluscs have proven to be useful biomonitors for a host of inorganic contaminants. It is essential that the biomonitoring plan is not only site specific, but that it considers the use of indigenous species whenever possible. This paper will provide a general review of studies that have employed bivalved shellfish as sentinel bioindicators in marine environments impacted by heavy metals, and give suggestions for conducting biomonitoring assays. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Boening, D W AD - Lockheed Martin Environmental Services Assistance Team, Port Orchard, WA 98366, USA, boening.dean@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 459 EP - 470 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Water Pollution KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Marine Environment KW - Heavy metals KW - Marine environment (see also Sea water) KW - Bioassay KW - Marine environment KW - Mollusca KW - Mollusks KW - Pollution indicators KW - Bioindicators KW - Molluscs (see also Bivalves, Gastropods) KW - Aurelia KW - Bivalves (see also molluscs, Individual groups) KW - Heavy Metals KW - Bivalvia KW - Bioassays KW - Marine pollution KW - Reviews KW - Shellfish KW - Monitoring KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Indicator species KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17584572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+bivalves+as+biomonitors+of+heavy+metals+pollution+in+marine+waters&rft.au=Boening%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Boening&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005995217901 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Bioassays; Heavy metals; Indicator species; Marine pollution; Marine environment; Reviews; Bivalvia; Bioindicators; Shellfish; Mollusca; Molluscs (see also Bivalves, Gastropods); Aurelia; Bivalves (see also molluscs, Individual groups); Monitoring; Marine environment (see also Sea water); Pollution (Water); Pollution indicators; Water Pollution; Marine Environment; Mollusks; Heavy Metals; Bioassay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005995217901 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benefits and costs of the IESWTR AN - 17553509; 4740925 AB - Few things in life are free, and like anything else, the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), promulgated in December 1998, has its price. The rule will help ensure that pathogen control is maintained and improved while the Stage 1 Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products Rule is implemented. The total annual national cost to implement the IESWTR - aimed at public water systems that use surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water and that serve greater than or equal to 10,000 people - is estimated at $307 million, to be paid by utilities and the states. Utilities will incur costs for purchasing, operating, and maintaining new equipment, treating water, and monitoring turbidity to comply with the IESWTR's provisions. These include a maximum contaminant level of zero for Cryptosporidium, stricter disinfection benchmarking, a turbidity level of greater than or equal to 0.3 ntu for many systems, and a requirement that new reservoirs for finished water be covered. However, important benefits - namely, increased public health protection - will be reaped. Because the rule's stiffer provisions will improve filter performance, the likelihood of exposure to and subsequent endemic illness from Cryptosporidium will be reduced by 110,000-463,000 cases annually. Furthermore, as much as $16 million per death prevented could be realized, according to a benefit-cost analysis of the IESWTR. The rule's expected health benefits were evaluated in terms of cost of illness avoided - i.e., how much human well-being will be preserved and how many dollars will be saved - by reducing the number of crypto-related infections, illnesses, and deaths. Other benefits - enhanced water quality and reduced risk from other waterborne pathogens, such as Giardia - are also expected to accrue. Although implementing the IESWTR will be pricey, the benefits are expected to be priceless. JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association AU - Regli, S AU - Blank, V AU - Odom, R AU - Cromwell, J AU - Lustic, M AD - USEPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 148 EP - 158 VL - 91 IS - 4 SN - 0003-150X, 0003-150X KW - USA KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Law KW - Disinfection KW - Drinking Water KW - Cryptosporidium KW - Water Quality KW - Water Treatment KW - Surface Water KW - Reservoirs KW - Utilities KW - Cost-benefit Analysis KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17553509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=Benefits+and+costs+of+the+IESWTR&rft.au=Regli%2C+S%3BBlank%2C+V%3BOdom%2C+R%3BCromwell%2C+J%3BLustic%2C+M&rft.aulast=Regli&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=0003150X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cost-benefit Analysis; Water Law; Water Quality; Disinfection; Water Treatment; Surface Water; Utilities; Cryptosporidium; Reservoirs; Drinking Water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Theoretical study of the S sub(N)V reaction of trichloroethylene (TCE) and CH sub(3)S super(-) as a model for glutathione conjugation of TCE AN - 17394035; 4610836 AB - Trichloroethylene (TCE), a major environmental pollutant, is activated to mutagenic and nephrotoxic intermediates through a glutathione (GSH) conjugation pathway. Three product isomers of GSH-TCE conjugation, having potentially different toxicities, are theoretically possible: cis- or trans-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (cis- or trans-1,2-DCVG, respectively) or 2,2-DCVG. This study involved application of ab initio molecular orbital theory to computing potential energy profiles (PEPs) and predicting product outcome of the reaction of CH sub(3)S super(-) with TCE as a model for GSH-TCE conjugation in biological systems. A goal of this study was to determine the extent to which a body of chemical knowledge pertaining to nucleophilic vinylic substitution (S sub(N)V) reactions, of which the GSH-TCE conjugation is a representative example, is relevant to this biological conjugation problem. PEPs were computed for all studied species at the HF/6-31+G* level of theory; electron correlation effects were estimated at the MP2/6-31+G* and MP4/6-31+G* levels, and the influence of solvation was estimated using the PS-GVB solvation model. Multiple proposed reaction pathways were considered, including conjugation at the C sub(1) or C sub(2) site on TCE, by in-plane ( sigma ) or out-of-plane ( pi ) approach of the nucleophile. Some aspects of the MP2 and HF PEPs were found to differ significantly. However, on the basis of comparison of activation barriers, calculations at all levels of theory predict preference for C sub(2) conjugation over C sub(1) conjugation and formation of the trans-1,2-DCVM product over the cis-1,2-DCVM product. These predictions are consistent with GSH-TCE conjugation results from in vivo experiments. In contrast, relative product energies appear to be a poor indicator of the product outcome for this system. Hence, theoretical consideration of the reaction chemistry in the vicinity of the site of nucleophilic addition appears to be necessary and sufficient to predict the outcome of the enzyme-mediated GSH-TCE conjugation. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Shim, Joong-Youn AU - Boone, P F AU - Richard, A M AD - MD-68, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, richard.ann@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 308 EP - 316 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mutagenicity KW - Glutathione KW - Trichloroethylene KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17394035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Theoretical+study+of+the+S+sub%28N%29V+reaction+of+trichloroethylene+%28TCE%29+and+CH+sub%283%29S+super%28-%29+as+a+model+for+glutathione+conjugation+of+TCE&rft.au=Shim%2C+Joong-Youn%3BBoone%2C+P+F%3BRichard%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Shim&rft.aufirst=Joong-Youn&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichloroethylene; Glutathione; Mutagenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ratio of the concentration of anthraquinone to anthracene in coastal marine sediments AN - 17296338; 4518598 AB - The ratio of the concentration of the oxidation product anthraquinone to that of its parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon anthracene is reported for several coastal marine sediments. The ratio ranges from 0.317 in a highly contaminated industrialized harbor to 2.81 in a remote, less contaminated site. We hypothesize that differences in this ratio result from the input source of PAHs, with input from atmospheric deposition at remote sites resulting in a predominance of anthraquinone (ratio > 1), and direct discharge to highly contaminated industrialized harbors resulting in a predominance of anthracene (ratio < 1). To support this hypothesis, the fate of anthracene in the marine environment was investigated with respect to conversion to its oxidation product, anthraquinone. Once associated with sediments, anthracene is believed to be relatively persistent; however, it can potentially be subjected to oxidation via biological (microbial degradation) and chemical (chemical oxidation and photooxidation) processes. An assessment of the extent of oxidation of anthracene associated with sediments was conducted both under conditions simulating those found in the marine environment and under rigorous conditions by exposure to UV radiation. Results of this study show that while anthracene associated with marine sediments does not readily undergo oxidation to anthraquinone under conditions normally encountered in the marine environment, under extreme conditions anthracene is photooxidized by exposure to UV radiation. The extent of oxidation is influenced by sediment characteristics such as percent organic carbon, humic acid content and sediment surface area. The relative stability of anthracene under normal conditions may help to validate the use of the anthraquinone to anthracene ratio in marine sediments as an environmental marker of contaminant source. JF - Chemosphere AU - McKinney, R A AU - Pruell, R J AU - Burgess, R M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, mckinney.rickpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 2415 EP - 2430 VL - 38 IS - 10 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - anthracene KW - anthraquinone KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Photochemistry KW - Anthracene KW - Contamination KW - Organic carbon KW - Marine sediments KW - Marine environment KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Coasts KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Coastal zone KW - Humic acids KW - Photooxidation KW - Oxidation KW - Harbors KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17296338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Ratio+of+the+concentration+of+anthraquinone+to+anthracene+in+coastal+marine+sediments&rft.au=McKinney%2C+R+A%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BBurgess%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=McKinney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photochemistry; Sediment pollution; Anthracene; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Contamination; Hydrocarbons; Organic carbon; Coastal zone; Marine environment; Humic acids; Oxidation; Photooxidation; Ultraviolet radiation; Harbors; Marine sediments; Coasts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) a diet spiked with non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls: Accumulation and effects AN - 17292324; 4559745 AB - A laboratory model was developed to predict exposure effects in the field. Accumulation of non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted PCBs in liver tissue and their effects on mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) were investigated. An artificial diet spiked with a mixture of eight PCB congeners was fed to mummichogs in the laboratory. Ratios of the congeners were similar to those measured in livers of mummichogs indigenous to the PCB Superfund site, New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA. Nominal dietary concentrations were high (54.3 mu g/g wet body weight), medium (10.9 mu g/g), low (2.2 mu g/g), and a control. Accumulation of PCBs was consistent with exposure; however, lower levels of congener 77 were detected in liver tissue (0.2-0.8% of total PCBs) than in the spiked diets (3.3-4.6%). Significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) mortality occurred in mummichogs fed high and medium doses relative to the control. Mortality was higher and growth was lower with increasing toxic equivalent concentration of dietary PCB concentration and accumulation of PCBs in liver tissue. Mummichogs exhibited an exposure response in congener accumulation and biological effects with increasing dietary PCB concentration. Unlike fish from New Bedford Harbor, clean fish exposed to PCBs appear to have either slower uptake or higher metabolism of congener 77, indicating possible adaptation of mummichogs inhabiting polluted environments. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Gutjahr-Gobell, R E AU - Black, DE AU - Mills, L J AU - Pruell, R J AU - Taplin, B K AU - Jayaraman, S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 699 EP - 707 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Fundulus heteroclitus KW - Mummichog KW - USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor KW - growth KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Dietary intake KW - PCB KW - Diets KW - Brackish KW - Exposure tolerance KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Bioassays KW - Pollution effects KW - Fish food KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - PCB compounds KW - Mortality KW - Lethal effects KW - Water pollution effects KW - Water pollution KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Liver KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17292324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Feeding+the+mummichog+%28Fundulus+heteroclitus%29+a+diet+spiked+with+non-ortho-+and+mono-ortho-substituted+polychlorinated+biphenyls%3A+Accumulation+and+effects&rft.au=Gutjahr-Gobell%2C+R+E%3BBlack%2C+DE%3BMills%2C+L+J%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BTaplin%2C+B+K%3BJayaraman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Gutjahr-Gobell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Mortality; Lethal effects; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Bioaccumulation; Bioassays; Liver; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Water pollution; PCB; Exposure tolerance; Dietary intake; polychlorinated biphenyls; PCB compounds; Fish food; Fundulus heteroclitus; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological risk assessment in a large river-reservoir: 2. Fish community AN - 17292260; 4559734 AB - This paper summarizes the assessment of risks of fishes in the Clinch River Operable Unit due to contaminants released by the U.S. Department of Energy's activities on its Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee. This paper focuses on the most contaminated area, the Poplar Creek (PC) embayment. The assessment is of interest because of its use of five distinct lines of evidence: fish community surveys, fish body burdens, toxicity tests of ambient waters, suborganismal bioindicators, and single chemical toxicity tests. None of these lines of evidence provided unambiguous evidence of a significant risk, but the surveys indicated that the fish community in PC was depauperate, polychlorinated biphenyl body burdens may have been at toxic levels in catfish, one of the three tests of ambient water showed clear toxicity, some of the indicators were indicative of toxic effects, and concentrations that have been toxic in the laboratory were detected periodically. Interpretation was further complicated by upstream contamination of both the Clinch River and PC. The risk characterization was performed by evaluating each line of evidence separately and then weighing the evidence using an ecoepidemiological approach. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Suter, GW II AU - Barnthouse, L W AU - Efroymson, R A AU - Jager, H AD - U.S. EPA Facilities, MS 117, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, suter.glennpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 589 EP - 598 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Contamination KW - Ecosystems KW - Freshwater KW - Reservoirs KW - Pollution indicators KW - PCB KW - Rivers KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Fish KW - Hazard assessment KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution effects KW - Pisces KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Assessments KW - PCB compounds KW - Water pollution effects KW - USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge Reservation KW - Water pollution KW - Risk KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Bioaccumulation KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17292260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Ecological+risk+assessment+in+a+large+river-reservoir%3A+2.+Fish+community&rft.au=Suter%2C+GW+II%3BBarnthouse%2C+L+W%3BEfroymson%2C+R+A%3BJager%2C+H&rft.aulast=Suter&rft.aufirst=GW&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Nuclear power plants; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Bioaccumulation; Ecosystems; Pollution effects; Fish; Water pollution effects; Pollution indicators; Water pollution; PCB; Hazard assessment; Risk assessment; Contamination; Aquatic ecosystems; polychlorinated biphenyls; PCB compounds; Reservoirs; aquatic ecosystems; Risk; Assessments; Pisces; USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge Reservation; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved method for estimating bioconcentration / bioaccumulation factor from octanol/water partition coefficient AN - 17290062; 4559742 AB - A compound's bioconcentration factor (BCF) is the most commonly used indicator of its tendency to accumulate in aquatic organisms from the surrounding medium. Because it is expensive to measure, the BCF is generally estimated from the octanol/water partition coefficient (K sub(ow)), but currently used regression equations were developed from small data sets that do not adequately represent the wide range of chemical substances now subject to review. To develop an improved method, we collected BCF data in a file that contained information on measured BCFs and other key experimental details for 694 chemicals. Log BCF was then regressed against log K sub(ow) and chemicals with significant deviations from the line of best fit were analyzed by chemical structure. The resulting algorithm classifies a substance as either nonionic or ionic, the latter group including carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and their salts, and quaternary N compounds. Log BCF for nonionics is estimated from log K sub(ow) and a series of correction factors if applicable; different equations apply for log K sub(ow) 1.0 to 7.0 and >7.0. For ionics, chemicals are categorized by log K sub(ow) and a log BCF in the range 0.5 to 1.75 is assigned. Organometallics, nonionics with long alkyl chains, and aromatic azo compounds receive special treatment. The correlation coefficient (r super(2) = 0.73) and mean error (0.48) for log BCF (n = 694) indicate that the new method is a significantly better fit to existing data than other methods. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Meylan, WM AU - Howard, PH AU - Boethling, R S AU - Aronson, D AU - Printup, H AU - Gouchie, S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 401 M Street, SW, Washington DC, 20460, USA, boethling.bobpa.gov Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 664 EP - 672 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - bioconcentration factor KW - octanol/water partition coefficient KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Indicators KW - Freshwater KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Brackish KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Biological magnification KW - Hazard assessment KW - Aquatic animals KW - Pollution effects KW - Regression analysis KW - Chemical pollution KW - Marine KW - Mathematical models KW - Water pollution effects KW - Water pollution KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Analytical techniques KW - Petroleum hydrocarbons KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17290062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Improved+method+for+estimating+bioconcentration+%2F+bioaccumulation+factor+from+octanol%2Fwater+partition+coefficient&rft.au=Meylan%2C+WM%3BHoward%2C+PH%3BBoethling%2C+R+S%3BAronson%2C+D%3BPrintup%2C+H%3BGouchie%2C+S&rft.aulast=Meylan&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=664&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic animals; Aquatic organisms; Mathematical models; Indicators; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Water pollution; Mathematical analysis; Bioaccumulation; Ecotoxicology; Analytical techniques; Regression analysis; Chemical pollution; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Hazard assessment; Biological magnification; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fingerprinting of Mixed Bacterial Strains and BIOLOG Gram-Negative (GN) Substrate Communities by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Sequence-PCR (ERIC-PCR) AN - 17273477; 4494729 AB - PCR-based genomic fingerprinting by use of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus primers (ERIC-PCR) was evaluated for its use in fingerprinting DNA of mixed Gram-negative bacterial strains and BIOLOG Gram-negative (GN) microplate substrate communities. ERIC-PCR fingerprints of six different pure bacterial strains and a combined mixture of the strains were compared with fingerprints obtained by two more established methods: amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD-PCR). The ERIC-PCR fingerprint of the mixed strains was highly reproducible and was more species-specific and representative of the individual strain fingerprints than the ARDRA and RAPD-PCR fingerprints, respectively. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting of model and rhizosphere BIOLOG GN substrate communities also provided clearly distinguishable fingerprints. Results of this study suggest that ERIC-PCR represents a rapid and highly discriminating method for fingerprinting DNA of mixed Gram-negative bacterial strains and BIOLOG GN substrate communities. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Di Giovanni, GD AU - Watrud, L S AU - Seidler, R J AU - Widmer, F AD - National Research Council Research Associate, US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory-Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 0217 EP - 0223 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - ERIC-PCR KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Gram-negative bacteria KW - Genetic analysis KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17273477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fingerprinting+of+Mixed+Bacterial+Strains+and+BIOLOG+Gram-Negative+%28GN%29+Substrate+Communities+by+Enterobacterial+Repetitive+Intergenic+Consensus+Sequence-PCR+%28ERIC-PCR%29&rft.au=Di+Giovanni%2C+GD%3BWatrud%2C+L+S%3BSeidler%2C+R+J%3BWidmer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Di+Giovanni&rft.aufirst=GD&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=0217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA fingerprinting; Polymerase chain reaction; Genetic analysis; Gram-negative bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of the rate of VOC emissions from solvent-based indoor coating materials based on product formulation AN - 17233088; 4514069 AB - Two computational methods are proposed for estimation of the emission rate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from solvent-based indoor coating materials based on the knowledge of product formulation. The first method utilizes two previously developed mass transfer models with two key parameters - the total vapor pressure and the average molecular weight for total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) - being estimated based on the VOC contents in the product. The second method is based on a simple, first-order decay model with its parameters being estimated from the properties of both the source and the environment. All the model parameters can be readily obtained. Detailed procedures for computing the key parameters are described by using examples. The predictive errors were evaluated with small chamber data, and the results were satisfactory. Thus, the proposed methods provide a way to predict the VOC emissions in the indoor environment without having to conduct costly chamber testing. The two proposed methods work for both TVOCs and individual VOCs. Pros and cons for each method are discussed. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Guo, Zhishi AU - Chang, John CS AU - Sparks, LE AU - Fortmann, R C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Indoor Environment Management Branch, MD-54, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 1205 EP - 1215 VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Solvents KW - Emission measurements KW - Indoor environments KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Coatings KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17233088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+the+rate+of+VOC+emissions+from+solvent-based+indoor+coating+materials+based+on+product+formulation&rft.au=Guo%2C+Zhishi%3BChang%2C+John+CS%3BSparks%2C+LE%3BFortmann%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Zhishi&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emission measurements; Volatile organic compounds; Coatings; Solvents; Indoor environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transitions in forest fragmentation: implications for restoration opportunities at regional scales AN - 17228766; 4503292 AB - Where the potential natural vegetation is continuous forest (e.g., eastern US), a region can be divided into smaller units (e.g., counties, watersheds), and a graph of the proportion of forest in the largest patch versus the proportion in anthropogenic cover can be used as an index of forest fragmentation. If forests are not fragmented beyond that converted to anthropogenic cover, there would be only one patch in the unit and its proportional size would equal 1 minus the percentage of anthropogenic cover. For a set of 130 watersheds in the mid-Atlantic region, there was a transition in forest fragmentation between 15 and 20% anthropogenic cover. The potential for mitigating fragmentation by connecting two or more disjunct forest patches was low when percent anthropogenic cover was low, highest at moderate proportions of anthropogenic cover, and again low as the proportion of anthropogenic cover increased toward 100%. This fragmentation index could be used to prioritize locations for restoration by targeting watersheds where there would be the greatest increase in the size of the largest forest patch. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Wickham, J D AU - Jones, K B AU - Riitters, KH AU - Wade, T G AU - O'Neill, R V AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (MD-56), National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 137 EP - 145 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Patches KW - Forests KW - Environmental restoration KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Human impact KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17228766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Transitions+in+forest+fragmentation%3A+implications+for+restoration+opportunities+at+regional+scales&rft.au=Wickham%2C+J+D%3BJones%2C+K+B%3BRiitters%2C+KH%3BWade%2C+T+G%3BO%27Neill%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental restoration; Habitat fragmentation; Forests; Human impact; Patches ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and Phototoxicity of Mixtures of Highly Lipophilic PAH Compounds in Marine Sediment: Can the capital sigma PAH Model Be Extrapolated? AN - 17215530; 4494687 AB - The additivity of toxic units was tested using sediments contaminated with mixtures of highly lipophilic (log Kow 4.5) parent and alkylated PAHs. The direct toxicity and photoinduced toxicity of these mixtures were examined in standard 10-day sediment toxicity tests using the infaunal amphipod Rhepoxinius abronius, with mortality and the survivors' ability to rebury as endpoints. Survivors of the initial 10-day tests were then exposed for 1 h to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the results compared to initial (10-day) endpoints. Tissue residues and lipids were measured and biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) values determined. The results indicated that the bioaccumulated contaminants were not initially toxic, however, they were highly phototoxic. Although the summed toxic units of these contaminants appeared to be nonadditive, additivity was not disproved as inaccuracies in extrapolating the Kow-LC50 QSAR or insufficient exposure duration might also have accounted for the observed results. Critical body residue (CBR) estimates for R. abronius were similar while BSAF values were much larger (10) in comparison to other studies, which used amphipods and PAHs. The phototoxicity of mixtures of contaminants were similar to the phototoxicity of single contaminants when expressed on a molar basis, which suggests that phototoxicities may be roughly additive. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Boese, B L AU - Ozretich, RJ AU - Lamberson, JO AU - Swartz, R C AU - Cole, F A AU - Pelletier, J AU - Jones, J AD - Coastal Ecology Branch, Western Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2111 SE Marine Science Dr., Newport, Oregon 97365-5260, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 0270 EP - 0280 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - PAH KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Rhepoxynius abronius KW - Toxicity tests KW - Phototoxicity KW - Marine sediments KW - Testing procedures KW - Marine environment KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Toxicology KW - Tissue analysis KW - Bioassays KW - Population exposure KW - Lipids KW - Survival KW - Pollution effects KW - Rhepoxinius abronius KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Mortality KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Amphipods KW - Toxicity KW - Sediments KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Q1 08286:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17215530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+Phototoxicity+of+Mixtures+of+Highly+Lipophilic+PAH+Compounds+in+Marine+Sediment%3A+Can+the+capital+sigma+PAH+Model+Be+Extrapolated%3F&rft.au=Boese%2C+B+L%3BOzretich%2C+RJ%3BLamberson%2C+JO%3BSwartz%2C+R+C%3BCole%2C+F+A%3BPelletier%2C+J%3BJones%2C+J&rft.aulast=Boese&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=0270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Mortality; Hydrocarbons; Lipids; Pollution effects; Survival; Toxicity; Toxicity tests; Sediments; Aromatic compounds; Bioassays; Bioaccumulation; Marine environment; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Toxicology; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Phototoxicity; Amphipods; Tissue analysis; Marine sediments; Testing procedures; Population exposure; Rhepoxinius abronius; Rhepoxynius abronius ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Method for the Storage of Groundwater Samples Containing Volatile Organic Analytes AN - 17211719; 4494683 AB - The sorption of volatile organic analytes from water samples by the Teflon septum surface used with standard glass 40-ml sample collection vials was investigated. Analytes tested included alkanes, isoalkanes, olefins, cycloalkanes, a cycloalkene, monoaromatics, a polynuclear aromatic, and two chloroethenes. Both laboratory prepared test mix solutions and petroleum contaminated groundwater from three field sites were tested. A rapid loss of n-alkane and isoalkane concentrations (10%) was observed within 24 h when stored at room temperature. Aliphatic losses were also observed (10%) over a 21-day holding period when samples were held at 4 degree C. Loss of the less sorptive analytes was demonstrated by exposing analyte solutions to greater Teflon surface areas. The demonstrated sorption of aliphatics from water samples by Teflon-lined septa indicates that the accuracy of volatile petroleum hydrocarbon determinations may be reduced by the traditional storage method. An alternative storage protocol is reported combining a lead foil septum surface and 1% (w/w) tribasic sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na3PO4 12H2O) preservative. This method prevented loss of the test analytes, including alkanes and isoalkanes for at least 21 days at room temperature. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Kovacs, DA AU - Kampbell, D H AD - ManTech Environmental Research Services Corporation, Environmental Protection Agency/National Risk Management Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, Oklahoma 74821, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 0242 EP - 0247 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sample preparation KW - Water sampling KW - Sample preservation KW - Organic compounds KW - Groundwater KW - Chemical analysis KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17211719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Improved+Method+for+the+Storage+of+Groundwater+Samples+Containing+Volatile+Organic+Analytes&rft.au=Kovacs%2C+DA%3BKampbell%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Kovacs&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=0242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sample preparation; Water sampling; Sample preservation; Organic compounds; Groundwater; Chemical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal design of air quality networks detecting warning and alert conditions AN - 1717488457; PQ0001930591 AB - A statistical method is presented to determine the optima design of air quality networks detecting warning and alert levels. A simulation model is used to describe temporal and spatial variations of atmospheric pollutants; air quality patterns serve as the database of the procedure to design the network. Only the sites exceeding warning and alert levels, at different meteorological scenarios, are considered as potential monitoring stations. For the selection of the optima set, spatial and temporal representativity criteria are introduced; accordingly, the optima set provides a complete representativity of the space and time considered. The method is applied to the Mestre urban area, in Venice district, for the carbon monoxide pollutant. JF - Journal of the Italian Statistical Society AU - Romano, Daniela AU - Cirillo, Mario C AU - Coppi, Renato AU - D'Urso, Pierpaolo AD - National Environmental Protection Agency, Italy, daniela.romano@anpa.it Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 61 EP - 73 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1121-9130, 1121-9130 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Air pollution KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Spatial distribution KW - Simulation KW - Air quality KW - Meteorology KW - Italy, Venezia, Mestre KW - Design KW - Urban areas KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1717488457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Italian+Statistical+Society&rft.atitle=Optimal+design+of+air+quality+networks+detecting+warning+and+alert+conditions&rft.au=Romano%2C+Daniela%3BCirillo%2C+Mario+C%3BCoppi%2C+Renato%3BD%27Urso%2C+Pierpaolo&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Italian+Statistical+Society&rft.issn=11219130&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF03178941 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Carbon monoxide; Pollution monitoring; Spatial distribution; Simulation; Meteorology; Air quality; Urban areas; Design; Italy, Venezia, Mestre DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03178941 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The chemistry and toxicity of sediment affected by oil from the North Cape spilled into Rhode Island Sound AN - 16132340; 4587412 AB - On 19 January 1996, the barge North Cape spilled more than three million liters of No. 2 fuel oil into Rhode Island Sound near Matunuck, Rhode Island. The toxicity and chemistry of this oil in two subtidal sediments were followed for more than 9 months. Maximum concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments reached 730 mu g/g dry weight (DW). Water samples taken immediately after the spill were phototoxic to embryos of the bivalve Mulinia lateralis. Total PAHs and toxicity to the amphipod Ampelisca abdita were high immediately after the spill, decreasing to background values (10 mu g/g DW and <20% mortality, respectively) after 6 months. Changes in toxicity to A. abdita related closely to changes of PAH concentrations in sediments. Weathering and degradation of the oil were followed by using ratios of PAHs, and alkanes as indicators. To distinguish effects of local boat traffic from spill effects, these ratios plus distributions of PAHs in sediments from a nearby marina were used. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Ho, K AU - Patton, L AU - Latimer, J S AU - Pruell, R J AU - Pelletier, M AU - Mckinney, R AU - Jayaraman, S AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1999/04// PY - 1999 DA - Apr 1999 SP - 314 EP - 323 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - Ampelisca abdita KW - Dwarf surfclam KW - Mulinia lateralis KW - USA, New Jersey KW - USA, Rhode Island, Rhode Island Sound KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemistry KW - Degradation KW - Fuels KW - Indicators KW - Pollution effects KW - Chemical Properties KW - Toxicity tests KW - Phototoxicity KW - Boats KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Oil Spills KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Weathering KW - Oil pollution KW - Mollusks KW - Oil spills KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - ANW, USA, Rhode Island, Rhode Island Sound KW - Amphipods KW - Geochemistry KW - Toxicity KW - Pollution surveys KW - Sediments KW - Water pollution KW - Marine pollution KW - Q5 01503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16132340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+chemistry+and+toxicity+of+sediment+affected+by+oil+from+the+North+Cape+spilled+into+Rhode+Island+Sound&rft.au=Ho%2C+K%3BPatton%2C+L%3BLatimer%2C+J+S%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BPelletier%2C+M%3BMckinney%2C+R%3BJayaraman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0025-326X%2898%2900151-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Degradation; Geochemistry; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Oil pollution; Weathering; Pollution surveys; Toxicity tests; Oil spills; Phototoxicity; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Fuels; Water pollution; Sediments; Chemistry; Marine pollution; Pollutant persistence; Pollution effects; Toxicity; Boats; Hydrocarbons; Amphipods; Indicators; Sediment Contamination; Oil Spills; Chemical Properties; Mollusks; Temporal Distribution; Ampelisca abdita; Mulinia lateralis; ANW, USA, Rhode Island, Rhode Island Sound DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(98)00151-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization and clearance of environmental microbial agents upon intranasal exposure of strain C3H/HeJ mice. AN - 69654982; 10096364 AB - Environmental dissemination of biotechnology agents is becoming a common practice. Most applications use historically innocuous species; however, potential health effects of individual products are not scrutinized unless they contain genetically engineered microorganisms. In order to investigate possible health concerns, four surrogate microbial agents were studied in vivo. Male C3H/HeJ (endotoxin-resistant) mice were administered intranasally (i.n.) with approximately 10(7) Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Burkholderia cepacia, P. fluorescens, or P. putida. To determine clearance of the dosed bacterial strains, lungs, small intestine, large intestine, cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen, and liver were homogenized individually, plated, and dilutions inoculated onto selective media. Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida were eliminated from the lungs by 2 d posttreatment, and P. aureofaciens was not detected in the lungs by 5 d posttreatment. Burkholderia cepacia was reisolated from the lungs and cecum for the experimental duration (14 d). Translocation to extraintestinal sites (MLN, spleen, and liver) also occurred. Burkholderia cepacia was recovered from the MLN for 10 d after treatment of mice. Pulmonary exposure to several bacterial strains resulted in unexpected mortality. Pseudomonas aureofaciens was lethal at the lowest dose (8.26 x 10(6) CFU/ mouse), while P. fluorescens and B. cepacia were fatal at higher doses (6.15 x 10(8) CFU/mouse and 1.34 x 10(8) CFU/mouse, respectively). By using the model described in this study, human safety issues can be more easily addressed and evaluated. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - George, S E AU - Nelson, G M AU - Kohan, M J AU - Brooks, L R AU - Boyd, C AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. george.elizabeth@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/03/26/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 26 SP - 419 EP - 431 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Survival Rate KW - Administration, Intranasal KW - Lymph Nodes -- microbiology KW - Spleen -- microbiology KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Mice KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Liver -- microbiology KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Lung -- microbiology KW - Burkholderia cepacia -- isolation & purification KW - Burkholderia Infections -- mortality KW - Burkholderia Infections -- microbiology KW - Pseudomonas -- physiology KW - Pseudomonas Infections -- microbiology KW - Bacterial Translocation -- physiology KW - Pseudomonas Infections -- mortality KW - Pseudomonas -- isolation & purification KW - Nasal Mucosa -- microbiology KW - Burkholderia cepacia -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69654982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Colonization+and+clearance+of+environmental+microbial+agents+upon+intranasal+exposure+of+strain+C3H%2FHeJ+mice.&rft.au=George%2C+S+E%3BNelson%2C+G+M%3BKohan%2C+M+J%3BBrooks%2C+L+R%3BBoyd%2C+C&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-03-26&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of alachlor protein adducts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AN - 69626235; 10075819 AB - This study examined the potential use of hemoglobin (Hb)- and serum-protein adducts of alachlor as potential biomarkers of alachlor exposure, a genotoxic and carcinogenic herbicide. The method developed was based on the observation that cleavage of S-cysteinyl alachlor-protein adducts by methanesulfonic acid gave the rearrangement product 3-(2',6'-diethylphenyl)-1, 3-thiazolidine-4-one (TZO). The structure of TZO was confirmed by mass spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and independent synthesis. In the assay, treatment of alachlor-cysteinyl protein adducts by methanesulfonic acid was followed by extraction and analysis. TZO was detected and quantitated by electron-impact GC/MS in the single ion-monitoring mode. [ring-13C6]Alachlor-N-acetylcysteine was added as an internal standard prior to treatment and was converted to [ring-13C6]TZO, allowing response factors to be used to quantitate TZO concentrations. Incubations of alachlor (0-1000 microM) with human albumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) resulted in linear adduct formation with both proteins. Maximal adduction levels of 613-1130 pmol alachlor-albumin adducts/mg protein were observed, with BSA binding close to twice that of human albumin. A linear concentration response of alachlor-Hb adducts was observed when whole blood from female CD rats was incubated with alachlor in vitro at concentrations up to 300 microM. Maximal binding was 1860 pmol alachlor-Hb adducts/mg globin. Male CD rats treated with alachlor at 150 mg/kg body wt/day ip for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days were sacrificed 4 days after final dosing. A maximal binding of 2250 pmol alachlor-Hb adducts/mg globin was observed. This assay provides a new approach for biomonitoring alachlor levels in experimental animals and has the potential for use in humans. JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Lambert, G R AU - Padgett, W T AU - George, M H AU - Kitchin, K T AU - Nesnow, S AD - Biochemistry and Pathobiology Branch (MD-68), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 15 SP - 289 EP - 296 VL - 268 IS - 2 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Blood Proteins KW - Herbicides KW - Serum Albumin KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Biomarkers -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Binding Sites KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Blood Proteins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69626235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+alachlor+protein+adducts+by+gas+chromatography-mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Lambert%2C+G+R%3BPadgett%2C+W+T%3BGeorge%2C+M+H%3BKitchin%2C+K+T%3BNesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-03-15&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: correlations between DNA adducts and ras oncogene mutations. AN - 69608963; 10064858 AB - This review describes a series of studies on the tumorigenic activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various experimental animal model systems, their abilities to form PAH-DNA adducts in target tissues, and their abilities to mutate ras oncogenes in PAH-induced tumors. The review is limited to those PAHs that do not contain nitrogen, for which ras mutations have been detected in induced tumors, and for which some information is available about the structures of the DNA adducts induced in the target tissue. In general, PAHs that form DNA adducts at deoxyadenosine induce mutations at codon 61, whereas those PAHs that form DNA adducts at deoxyguanosine primarily induce mutations at codons 12 or 13. Those PAHs that induce adducts at both bases induce both types of mutations. These correlations provide evidence for the involvement of adduct-directed mutations in ras in the etiology of these tumors. The induced mutation spectra in ras may in fact point back to the identity of the type of adduct formed. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Mutation research AU - Ross, J A AU - Nesnow, S AD - Biochemistry and Pathobiology Branch (MD-68), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/03/08/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 08 SP - 155 EP - 166 VL - 424 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - ras Proteins KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genes, ras KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Mutation -- drug effects KW - ras Proteins -- genetics KW - ras Proteins -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69608963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons%3A+correlations+between+DNA+adducts+and+ras+oncogene+mutations.&rft.au=Ross%2C+J+A%3BNesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-08&rft.volume=424&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of p53 protein accumulation in sputum and lung adenocarcinoma associated with indoor exposure to unvented coal smoke in China. AN - 69825101; 10368638 AB - Lung cancer in Xuan Wei (XW), China has been linked to exposure to unvented coal smoke and adenocarcinoma, especially bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, is most common. p53 mutations occur commonly in lung cancers and usually generate detectable levels of p53 protein accumulation. Sputum is noninvasive to collect and ideal for screening p53 abnormalities. p53 protein accumulation was detected by immunohistochemistry in lung tumors and sputa from XW lung cancer patients to determine (1) the role of p53 in lung pathogenesis, and (2) feasibility of detecting p53 protein accumulation in sputum, p53 protein accumulation was detected in 73% (22/30) of lung adenocarcinomas from XW females exposed to coal emissions and significantly higher than the control cases (33%, p < 0.05). In sputum, we detected p53 overexpression in tumor cells in 54% (13/24) of XW cases and also in dysplastic cells (50% or 4/8). These findings suggest that p53 abnormalities is important in XW lung cancer etiology. JF - Anticancer research AU - Mumford, J L AU - Tian, D AU - Younes, M AU - Hu, F AU - Lan, Q AU - Ostrowski, M L AU - He, X AU - Feng, Z AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 951 EP - 958 VL - 19 IS - 2A SN - 0250-7005, 0250-7005 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Smoke KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - China KW - Sputum -- chemistry KW - Smoke -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- analysis KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemistry KW - Adenocarcinoma -- etiology KW - Adenocarcinoma -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69825101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anticancer+research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+p53+protein+accumulation+in+sputum+and+lung+adenocarcinoma+associated+with+indoor+exposure+to+unvented+coal+smoke+in+China.&rft.au=Mumford%2C+J+L%3BTian%2C+D%3BYounes%2C+M%3BHu%2C+F%3BLan%2C+Q%3BOstrowski%2C+M+L%3BHe%2C+X%3BFeng%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Mumford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2A&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anticancer+research&rft.issn=02507005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures of children in low-income families. AN - 69747296; 10321348 AB - Children in low-income families may have high exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Such exposures could result from household proximity to heavy traffic or industrial sources, environmental tobacco smoke, contaminated house dust or soil, among others. The objectives of this study were: to establish methods for measuring total PAH exposure of children in low-income families, to estimate the PAH exposures of these children, and to estimate the relative importance of the environmental pathways for PAH exposure. Analytical methods to determine PAH in air, dust, soil, and food and to determine hydroxy-PAH in urine samples were evaluated and validated. A two-home pilot study was conducted in downtown Durham, North Carolina (NC) during February 1994. One smoker's and one nonsmoker's household, which had preschool children and income at or below the official U.S. poverty level, participated. A nine-home winter and a nine-home summer study were conducted in Durham and the NC Piedmont area during February 1995 and August 1995, respectively. A summer study in four smokers' homes was also conducted. In each of these studies, multimedia samples were collected and analyzed for PAH or hydroxy-PAH. Summary statistics, Pearson correlations, and analysis of variance were performed on the combined data from these four field studies. An effective screening method was established for recruiting low-income families. The field protocol involved measurements of three homes in 2-day periods. This protocol should be suitable for large-scale studies. The results showed that indoor PAH levels were generally higher than outdoor PAH levels. Higher indoor PAH levels were observed in the smokers' homes compared to nonsmokers' homes. Higher outdoor PAH levels were found in inner city as opposed to rural areas. The relative concentration trend for PAH in dust and soil was: house dust > entryway dust > pathway soil. The PAH concentrations in adults' food samples were generally higher than those in children's food samples. Children's potential daily doses of PAH were higher than those of adults in the same household, when intakes were normalized to body weights. Inhalation is an important pathway for children's exposure to total PAH because of the high levels of naphthalene present in both indoor and outdoor air. Dietary ingestion and nondietary ingestion pathways became more important for children's exposure to the B2 PAH (ranked as probable human carcinogens, B2 by the U.S. EPA's Integrated Risk System), most of which are of low volatility. The analysis of variance results showed that inner city participants had higher total exposure to B2 PAH than did rural participants. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Chuang, J C AU - Callahan, P J AU - Lyu, C W AU - Wilson, N K AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. chuangj@battelle.org PY - 1999 SP - 85 EP - 98 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Soil KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Index Medicus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Ventilation KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Rural Population KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Child, Preschool KW - Adult KW - North Carolina KW - Seasons KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Urban Population KW - Quality Control KW - Poverty KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- analysis KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- urine KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69747296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+exposures+of+children+in+low-income+families.&rft.au=Chuang%2C+J+C%3BCallahan%2C+P+J%3BLyu%2C+C+W%3BWilson%2C+N+K&rft.aulast=Chuang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a personal air sampler for twenty-four hour collection of fine particles and semivolatile organics. AN - 69745512; 10321355 AB - The U.S. EPA has conducted an evaluation of a commercially available lightweight fine particle personal sampler for use in human exposure and biomarker studies involving 24-h collections of particulate matter, particle-bound organics such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and semivolatile organics (PAHs). Independent laboratory evaluation of the prototype design, intended to produce a 2.5-micron aerodynamic diameter cut-point at a flow between 1.5 and 1.7 lpm (liters per minute), indicated that at a challenge flow rate of 1.5 lpm, the sampler provided an aerodynamic cut-point (dp50) of only 1.7 microns. The variance between expected size selection resulted from the prototype's jet diameter dimension being inadvertently based upon a flow rate of 2.0 lpm rather than an intended 1.5-1.7 lpm. Other aerodynamic factors not presently accounted for may also have played an influence. Extrapolated cut-points for flow rates at 1 and 3 lpm for the prototype were determined to be 2.1 and 1.2 microns, respectively. Total losses attributed to unwanted particle retention within the sampler ranged from 10% for 0.91 micron size particles to essentially zero approaching diameters greater than 2.0 microns. The ambient concentration of particles (< 1.7 microns) needed for acceptable gravimetric filter measurements involving 24-h sample collection was determined to be 10 micrograms/m3. Investigation of the sampler to retain and recover PAHs using XAD-2 resin, often of importance in human exposure biomarker studies, indicated that corrected recoveries between 94% and 108% could be obtained for 16 priority pollutant PAH species. Overall evaluation of the personal monitor indicates that it has research utility due to its modular features and size but reconfiguration should be performed that would permit true PM2.5 size selection. The current configuration collects particles less than 2.5 microns at approximately 95% collection efficiency. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Williams, R W AU - Watts, R R AU - Stevens, R K AU - Stone, C L AU - Lewtas, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. williams.ronald@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 158 EP - 166 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Index Medicus KW - Filtration KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69745512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+personal+air+sampler+for+twenty-four+hour+collection+of+fine+particles+and+semivolatile+organics.&rft.au=Williams%2C+R+W%3BWatts%2C+R+R%3BStevens%2C+R+K%3BStone%2C+C+L%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1999 May-Jun;9(3):268 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative study of spray booth filter system efficiency. AN - 69690353; 10202455 AB - During recent years, greater emphasis has been placed on the control of particulate emissions from painting operations. This has gained more importance as more is learned about the potential release of toxic metals to the atmosphere from painting operations. This has led to queries about the efficiency of various painting arrestor systems to reduce particulate discharges to the atmosphere. Even more important is the capability of the arrestor systems to control PM10 emissions. In 1995, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated a study to evaluate various dry paint overspray arrestor systems. This study was designed to evaluate not only the total emissions control capability of the arrestor but also the PM10 control capability of the various system designs. Paint overspray arrestor systems using five different filtration concepts or materials were selected. They include systems constructed of fiberglass, paper, Styrofoam, and cardboard materials. These systems used filtration techniques incorporating the following filtration phenomena and designs: cyclone, baffle, bag systems, and mesh systems. The testing used an optical particle counting procedure to determine the concentration of particles of a given size fraction to penetrate a test arrestor system. The results of the testing indicated that there are significant differences in the efficiency of the tested system designs to capture and retain PM10. This paper summarizes the results of the research conducted to determine the capability of the arrestor systems to capture particulate of sizes down to approximately 1 micron in surface diameter. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) AU - Darvin, C H AU - Cox, L S AU - Smith, D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. darvin.charles@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 339 EP - 344 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Filtration KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Particle Size KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Paintings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69690353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.atitle=Comparative+study+of+spray+booth+filter+system+efficiency.&rft.au=Darvin%2C+C+H%3BCox%2C+L+S%3BSmith%2C+D&rft.aulast=Darvin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile organic compound emissions from latex paint--Part 1. Chamber experiments and source model development. AN - 69677541; 10195271 AB - Latex paints are widely used in residential and commercial indoor environments. The surface areas covered by the paints in these environments are relatively large. Thus, latex paints have the potential for having a major impact on indoor air quality (IAQ). A study was undertaken to develop methods for evaluating the impact of latex paint emission on IAQ. Small chamber experiments using stainless steel and painted and unpainted gypsum board substrates were conducted to determine the emission characteristics of latex paint. The emissions from the stainless steel were relatively short lived (3 to 4 days), whereas the emissions from gypsum board lasted for over 200 days. Because gypsum board is a common substrate for latex paint, all emission models were developed for the gypsum board substrates. The data from the small chamber tests led to the development of two empirical and two mass-transfer-based source emission models. Approximately 100 to 200 days of data were required to estimate the parameters required for the empirical models. Only 8 days of data were required to estimate the parameters for the mass-transfer-based models. The final models use paint formulation and mass transfer correlations to predict the emissions of the major individual volatile organic compounds emitted by latex paint. JF - Indoor air AU - Sparks, L E AU - Guo, Z AU - Chang, J C AU - Tichenor, B A AD - Indoor Environment Management Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 10 EP - 17 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Latex KW - 0 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Chemical KW - Organic Chemicals -- chemistry KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Paint KW - Latex -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69677541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Volatile+organic+compound+emissions+from+latex+paint--Part+1.+Chamber+experiments+and+source+model+development.&rft.au=Sparks%2C+L+E%3BGuo%2C+Z%3BChang%2C+J+C%3BTichenor%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Retraction In: Grimsrud D. Indoor Air. 2000 Jun;10(2):136 [12025810] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile organic compound emissions from latex paint--Part 2. Test house studies and indoor air quality (IAQ) modeling. AN - 69677478; 10195272 AB - Emission models developed using small chamber data were combined with an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) model to analyze the impact of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from latex paint on indoor environments. Test house experiments were conducted to verify the IAQ model's predictions. The agreement between model predictions and experimental measurements met the American Society for Testing and Materials criteria for model verification in the room with the source and met most of the requirements in other rooms. The major cause of disagreement between the model predictions and the experimental data in the test house appears to be an inadequate sink model. JF - Indoor air AU - Sparks, L E AU - Guo, Z AU - Chang, J C AU - Tichenor, B A AD - Indoor Environment Management Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 18 EP - 25 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Latex KW - 0 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Index Medicus KW - Housing KW - Organic Chemicals -- chemistry KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Paint KW - Models, Chemical KW - Latex -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69677478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Volatile+organic+compound+emissions+from+latex+paint--Part+2.+Test+house+studies+and+indoor+air+quality+%28IAQ%29+modeling.&rft.au=Sparks%2C+L+E%3BGuo%2C+Z%3BChang%2C+J+C%3BTichenor%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Retraction In: Grimsrud D. Indoor Air. 2000 Jun;10(2):136 [12025810] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell proliferation in nasal respiratory epithelium of people exposed to urban pollution. AN - 69668433; 10190550 AB - The nasal passages are a common portal of entry and are a prime site for toxicant-induced pathology. Sustained increases in regenerative cell proliferation can be a significant driving force in chemical carcinogenesis. The atmosphere in Mexico City contains a complex mixture of air pollutants and its residents are exposed chronically and sequentially to numerous toxicants and potential carcinogens. We were concerned that exposure to Mexico City's atmosphere might induce cytotoxicity and increase nasal respiratory epithelial cell proliferation. Nasal biopsies were obtained for DNA cell cycle analysis from 195 volunteers. The control population consisted of 16 adults and 27 children that were residents in a Caribbean island with low pollution. The exposed Mexico City population consisted of 109 adults and 43 children. Sixty-one of the adult subjects were newly arrived in Mexico City and were followed for 25 days from their arrival. Control children, control adult and exposed Mexico City children all had similar percentages of cells in the replicative DNA synthesis phase (S phase) of the cell cycle (%S). A significant increase in %S in nasal epithelial cells was seen in exposed adult residents in Mexico City biopsied at three different dates compared with control adults. Newly arrived adults exhibited a control level of cell turnover at day 2 after coming to the city. However, at days 7, 14 and 25 they exhibited significant increases in %S. These data demonstrate an increased and sustained nasal cell turnover rate in the adult population observable in as little as 1 week of residence in Mexico City. This increase in cell proliferation is in agreement with other reports of induced pathological changes in the nasal passages of Mexico City dwellers. These observations suggest an increased potential risk factor of developing nasal neoplasms for residents of large cities with heavy pollution. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Calderón-Garcidueñas, L AU - Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A AU - Garcia, R AU - Barragan, G AU - Villarreal-Calderón, A AU - Madden, M C AD - Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. calderon.lilian@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 383 EP - 389 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mexico KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Cell Cycle KW - Male KW - Female KW - Nasal Mucosa -- cytology KW - Nasal Mucosa -- drug effects KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Urban Population KW - Cell Division UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69668433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Cell+proliferation+in+nasal+respiratory+epithelium+of+people+exposed+to+urban+pollution.&rft.au=Calder%C3%B3n-Garcidue%C3%B1as%2C+L%3BRodriguez-Alcaraz%2C+A%3BGarcia%2C+R%3BBarragan%2C+G%3BVillarreal-Calder%C3%B3n%2C+A%3BMadden%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Calder%C3%B3n-Garcidue%C3%B1as&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory approaches for controlling pesticide residues in food animals. AN - 69644985; 10088214 AB - Pesticide use is vital to the production of an economical, high-quality food supply throughout the world. The regulatory system in the United States is designed to prevent the entry of unacceptable residues into the food supply. To address the complexities associated with pesticide use, the regulatory apparatus is composed of several federal and numerous state agencies. Based on monitoring results, it appears that most pesticides are being used in the appropriate manner and that thresholds for pesticides, deemed to be adequate to protect human health, are seldom exceeded. With our increasing knowledge of the public health and ecologic threats posed by pesticide residues, our approach to regulating pesticides will continue to evolve. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Landy, R B AU - Kim, I S AU - Lee, Y AU - Hoffman, M K AD - EPA, Office of Research and Development, Annapolis, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 89 EP - 107 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - State Government KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Legislation, Food KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69644985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Regulatory+approaches+for+controlling+pesticide+residues+in+food+animals.&rft.au=Landy%2C+R+B%3BKim%2C+I+S%3BLee%2C+Y%3BHoffman%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Landy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water environment problems in the Nansihu Lake area, Shandong, China AN - 52404662; 2000-010930 AB - Nansihu lake, one of the major freshwater lakes in China, is regarded as important water resources in Shandong Province. With construction of the energy base and the development of social economy, many environmental problems in the utilization of water resources and the exploitation of coal resources have been raised in the area. This paper discusses the condition and causes of formation and development of these problems such as falling of ground water stage, water pollution, lake swamping, surface subsidence, soil and water erosion, soil salinization. In the end, some countermeasures of protecting the water environment of this area are put forward. JF - Hupo Kexue = Journal of Lake Sciences AU - Zhang, Zulu AU - Sun, Qingyi AU - Peng, Limin AU - Niu, Zhenguo AU - Wu, Aimin Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 86 EP - 90 PB - Science Press, Beijing VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1003-5427, 1003-5427 KW - protection KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - Far East KW - surface water KW - lakes KW - pollution KW - limnology KW - Nansihu Lake KW - Shandong China KW - Asia KW - China KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52404662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hupo+Kexue+%3D+Journal+of+Lake+Sciences&rft.atitle=Water+environment+problems+in+the+Nansihu+Lake+area%2C+Shandong%2C+China&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Zulu%3BSun%2C+Qingyi%3BPeng%2C+Limin%3BNiu%2C+Zhenguo%3BWu%2C+Aimin&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Zulu&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hupo+Kexue+%3D+Journal+of+Lake+Sciences&rft.issn=10035427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Chinese DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; China; Far East; hydrology; lakes; limnology; Nansihu Lake; pollution; protection; Shandong China; surface water; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of input parameters and model choice in predicting the rate of leaching of pesticides in the vadose zone AN - 52288334; 2001-002104 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Matzner, R A AU - Barrett, M R AU - Libelo, E L AU - Peckenpaugh, J M AU - Pisigan, R A AU - Wolf, J K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 EP - unpaginated PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 217 IS - Part 1 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - unsaturated zone KW - theoretical models KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - rates KW - calibration KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52288334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=The+role+of+input+parameters+and+model+choice+in+predicting+the+rate+of+leaching+of+pesticides+in+the+vadose+zone&rft.au=Matzner%2C+R+A%3BBarrett%2C+M+R%3BLibelo%2C+E+L%3BPeckenpaugh%2C+J+M%3BPisigan%2C+R+A%3BWolf%2C+J+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Matzner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=Part+1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0841236720&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Chemical Society 217th national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; calibration; ground water; leaching; pesticides; pollution; prediction; rates; theoretical models; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic adsorption on kaolin group minerals AN - 52279917; 2001-002235 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Lin, Zhixun AU - Puls, Robert W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 EP - unpaginated PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 217 IS - Part 1 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - toxic materials KW - desorption KW - clastic sediments KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - kaolinite KW - adsorption KW - layered materials KW - clay minerals KW - hydroxyl ion KW - mineral composition KW - metals KW - sediments KW - kaolin KW - sheet silicates KW - halloysite KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52279917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Arsenic+adsorption+on+kaolin+group+minerals&rft.au=Lin%2C+Zhixun%3BPuls%2C+Robert+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Zhixun&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=Part+1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0841236720&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Chemical Society 217th national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; arsenic; clastic sediments; clay minerals; desorption; halloysite; hydroxyl ion; kaolin; kaolinite; layered materials; metals; mineral composition; pollution; sediments; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; toxic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Background on the wells G & H Superfund site in Woburn, Massachusetts, from the U. S. EPA perspective AN - 52147640; 2002-018457 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Muench, M Gretchen AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 59 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - Middlesex County Massachusetts KW - drinking water KW - cost KW - Woburn Massachusetts KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - Massachusetts KW - water wells KW - Superfund sites KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52147640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Background+on+the+wells+G+%26amp%3B+H+Superfund+site+in+Woburn%2C+Massachusetts%2C+from+the+U.+S.+EPA+perspective&rft.au=Muench%2C+M+Gretchen%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Muench&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 34rd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; cost; drinking water; government agencies; ground water; Massachusetts; Middlesex County Massachusetts; pollution; remediation; Superfund sites; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; water wells; Woburn Massachusetts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of remediation of the wells G & H Superfund site AN - 52145763; 2002-018352 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Garren, Mary E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 17 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - soils KW - water supply KW - pollutants KW - soil vapor extraction KW - oxidation KW - pollution KW - lead KW - Middlesex County Massachusetts KW - Aberjona River KW - Woburn Massachusetts KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - wetlands KW - Massachusetts KW - metals KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - water wells KW - heavy metals KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Superfund sites KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52145763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+remediation+of+the+wells+G+%26amp%3B+H+Superfund+site&rft.au=Garren%2C+Mary+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Garren&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 34rd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aberjona River; aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; ground water; heavy metals; hydrocarbons; lead; Massachusetts; metals; Middlesex County Massachusetts; organic compounds; oxidation; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; soil vapor extraction; soils; Superfund sites; United States; water supply; water wells; wetlands; Woburn Massachusetts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the composition and stable carbon isotope ratio of microbial fatty acids to study carbon cycling AN - 52072238; 2002-063539 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Burke, Roger A AU - Molina, Marirosa AU - Cox, Julia E AU - Osher, Laurie J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 8 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - soils KW - fatty acids KW - isotopes KW - biomass KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - ecosystems KW - stable isotopes KW - geochemical cycle KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - ecology KW - carbon cycle KW - chemical composition KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52072238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+composition+and+stable+carbon+isotope+ratio+of+microbial+fatty+acids+to+study+carbon+cycling&rft.au=Burke%2C+Roger+A%3BMolina%2C+Marirosa%3BCox%2C+Julia+E%3BOsher%2C+Laurie+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 48th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biomass; C-13/C-12; carbon; carbon cycle; chemical composition; ecology; ecosystems; fatty acids; geochemical cycle; isotope ratios; isotopes; organic acids; organic compounds; sediments; soils; stable isotopes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A long-term laboratory and field investigation on the degradation of PCE with zero-valent iron AN - 52071395; 2002-063647 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Kenneke, John F AU - McCutcheon, Steven C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 25 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - water quality KW - experimental studies KW - technology KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - laboratory studies KW - organic compounds KW - chemical reactions KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - water resources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52071395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+long-term+laboratory+and+field+investigation+on+the+degradation+of+PCE+with+zero-valent+iron&rft.au=Kenneke%2C+John+F%3BMcCutcheon%2C+Steven+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kenneke&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 48th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical reactions; chlorinated hydrocarbons; degradation; experimental studies; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; laboratory studies; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; remediation; technology; tetrachloroethylene; water quality; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental geological problems from exploration of groundwater in Nanjing, China AN - 51769442; 2005-005771 AB - In recent years, the mining quantity of groundwater is on the rise in Nanjing City. Overpumping of groundwater has caused serious environmental geological troubles. Through complete analysis on the origin of geological disasters, some effective controlling measures are raised according to the distribution and mining situation of groundwater. It is necessary for the local industries and residents to attempt to mine groundwater reasonably in this area. JF - Jiangsu Dizhi = Jiangsu Geology AU - Huang, Aiguo AU - Zhang, Bing Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 45 EP - 48 PB - Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Nanjing VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1003-6474, 1003-6474 KW - controls KW - Far East KW - Nanjing China KW - geologic hazards KW - Jiangsu China KW - pumping KW - land subsidence KW - Asia KW - China KW - ground water KW - exploration KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51769442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jiangsu+Dizhi+%3D+Jiangsu+Geology&rft.atitle=Environmental+geological+problems+from+exploration+of+groundwater+in+Nanjing%2C+China&rft.au=Huang%2C+Aiguo%3BZhang%2C+Bing&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Aiguo&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Jiangsu+Dizhi+%3D+Jiangsu+Geology&rft.issn=10036474&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Chinese DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; China; controls; exploration; Far East; geologic hazards; ground water; Jiangsu China; land subsidence; Nanjing China; pumping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface water impacts on ground water quality in a shallow limestone and dolomite bedrock aquifer, Clark County, Ohio AN - 51686439; 2005-055387 JF - The Professional Geologist AU - Bendula, Rich AU - Moore, Bob Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 8 EP - 11 PB - American Institute of Professional Geologists, Arvada, CO VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0279-0521, 0279-0521 KW - United States KW - limestone KW - water quality KW - Niagaran KW - pollutants KW - Paleozoic KW - Clark County Ohio KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - nitrates KW - effects KW - dolostone KW - Silurian KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - shallow depth KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Lockport Formation KW - bacteria KW - carbonate rocks KW - water resources KW - Middle Silurian KW - Ohio KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51686439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Professional+Geologist&rft.atitle=Surface+water+impacts+on+ground+water+quality+in+a+shallow+limestone+and+dolomite+bedrock+aquifer%2C+Clark+County%2C+Ohio&rft.au=Bendula%2C+Rich%3BMoore%2C+Bob&rft.aulast=Bendula&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Professional+Geologist&rft.issn=02790521&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - CODEN - PFGLBS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; bacteria; carbonate rocks; Clark County Ohio; dolostone; effects; ground water; limestone; Lockport Formation; Middle Silurian; Niagaran; nitrates; Ohio; Paleozoic; pollutants; pollution; sedimentary rocks; shallow depth; Silurian; surface water; United States; water quality; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arctic at risk; GIS, remote sensing aid in developing an ecological risk assessment process AN - 51185344; 2002-000539 JF - Earth Observation Magazine AU - Slonecker, E Terrence AU - Jutro, Peter AU - Mangis, Deborah AU - True, Michael AU - Orlick, Brian Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 12 EP - 17 PB - EOM, Inc., Littleton, CO VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1076-3430, 1076-3430 KW - imagery KW - Priobskoye Field KW - floodplains KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - ecosystems KW - Russian Federation KW - Ob River KW - simulation KW - environmental analysis KW - oil and gas fields KW - AVHRR KW - infrared methods KW - geographic information systems KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - arctic environment KW - oil spills KW - data bases KW - ecology KW - Asia KW - geophysical methods KW - pollution KW - West Siberia KW - satellite methods KW - Landsat KW - fluvial features KW - risk assessment KW - information systems KW - SPOT KW - remote sensing KW - airborne methods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51185344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Observation+Magazine&rft.atitle=Arctic+at+risk%3B+GIS%2C+remote+sensing+aid+in+developing+an+ecological+risk+assessment+process&rft.au=Slonecker%2C+E+Terrence%3BJutro%2C+Peter%3BMangis%2C+Deborah%3BTrue%2C+Michael%3BOrlick%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Slonecker&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Observation+Magazine&rft.issn=10763430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - airborne methods; arctic environment; Asia; AVHRR; Commonwealth of Independent States; data bases; data processing; ecology; ecosystems; environmental analysis; floodplains; fluvial features; geographic information systems; geophysical methods; imagery; information systems; infrared methods; Landsat; mapping; Ob River; oil and gas fields; oil spills; pollution; Priobskoye Field; remote sensing; risk assessment; Russian Federation; satellite methods; simulation; SPOT; West Siberia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A numerical model for density-and-viscosity-dependent flows in two-dimensional variably saturated porous media AN - 51025668; 1999-029493 AB - We present a formulation for water flow and solute transport in two-dimensional variably saturated media that accounts for the effects of the solute on water density and viscosity. The governing equations are cast in a dimensionless form that depends on six dimensionless groups of parameters. These equations are discretized in space using the Galerkin finite element formulation and integrated in time using the backward Euler scheme with mass lumping. The modified Picard method is used to linearize the water flow equation. The resulting numerical model, the MARUN model, is verified by comparison to published numerical results. It is then used to investigate beach hydraulics at seawater concentration (about 30 g l (super -1) ) in the context of nutrients delivery for bioremediation of oil spills on beaches. Numerical simulations that we conducted in a rectangular section of a hypothetical beach revealed that buoyancy in the unsaturated zone is significant in soils that are fine textured, with low anisotropy ratio, and/or exhibiting low physical dispersion. In such situations, application of dissolved nutrients to a contaminated beach in a freshwater solution is superior to their application in a seawater solution. Concentration-engendered viscosity effects were negligible with respect to concentration-engendered density effects for the cases that we considered. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Boufadel, Michel C AU - Suidan, Makram T AU - Venosa, Albert D Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 37 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - solute transport KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - water quality KW - Galerkin method KW - salt-water intrusion KW - density KW - saturated materials KW - unsaturated zone KW - fluid dynamics KW - simulation KW - salt water KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - finite element analysis KW - numerical models KW - statistical analysis KW - porous materials KW - fresh-water environment KW - bioremediation KW - two-dimensional models KW - aquifers KW - nutrients KW - viscosity KW - saturation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51025668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=A+numerical+model+for+density-and-viscosity-dependent+flows+in+two-dimensional+variably+saturated+porous+media&rft.au=Boufadel%2C+Michel+C%3BSuidan%2C+Makram+T%3BVenosa%2C+Albert+D&rft.aulast=Boufadel&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01697722 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; bioremediation; density; finite element analysis; fluid dynamics; fresh-water environment; Galerkin method; ground water; numerical models; nutrients; porous materials; remediation; salt water; salt-water intrusion; saturated materials; saturation; simulation; solute transport; statistical analysis; two-dimensional models; unsaturated zone; viscosity; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotransformation of perchlorate using parrot-feather AN - 50912215; 2000-042737 JF - Soil & Groundwater AU - Susarla, Sridhar AU - Bacchus, Sydney T AU - Wolfe, N L AU - McCutcheon, Steven C AU - Flathman, Paul E AU - Lanza, Guy R AU - Glass, David J Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 20 EP - 23 PB - Soils, Inc., Stanley, KS VL - 1999, February/March SN - 1086-1971, 1086-1971 KW - soils KW - Plantae KW - medical geology KW - bioreclamation KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - reclamation KW - pollution KW - vegetation KW - bioremediation KW - environmental analysis KW - perchlorate KW - environmental effects KW - remediation KW - organic compounds KW - Myriophyllum aquaticum KW - decontamination KW - hydrocarbons KW - efficiency KW - phytoremediation KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50912215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.atitle=Phytotransformation+of+perchlorate+using+parrot-feather&rft.au=Susarla%2C+Sridhar%3BBacchus%2C+Sydney+T%3BWolfe%2C+N+L%3BMcCutcheon%2C+Steven+C%3BFlathman%2C+Paul+E%3BLanza%2C+Guy+R%3BGlass%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Susarla&rft.aufirst=Sridhar&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=1999%2C+February%2FMarch&rft.issue=&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.issn=10861971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - KS N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05216 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemistry; bioreclamation; bioremediation; decontamination; efficiency; environmental analysis; environmental effects; geochemistry; hydrocarbons; medical geology; Myriophyllum aquaticum; organic compounds; perchlorate; phytoremediation; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; reclamation; remediation; soils; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Pollution Prevention Options to Reduce Styrene Emissions from Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Open Molding Processes AN - 20629360; 4605851 AB - Pollution prevention (P2) options to reduce styrene emissions, such as new materials and application equipment, are commercially available to the operators of open molding processes. However, information is lacking on the emissions reduction that these options can achieve. To meet this need, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, working in collaboration with Research Triangle Institute, measured styrene emissions for several of these P2 options. In addition, the emission factors calculated from these test results were compared with the existing EPA emission factors for gel coat sprayup and resin applications. Results show that styrene emissions can be reduced by up to 52% by using controlled spraying (i.e., reducing overspray), low-styrene and styrene-suppressed materials, and nonatomizing application equipment. Also, calculated emission factors were 1.6-2.5 times greater than the mid-range EPA emission factors for the corresponding gel coat and resin application. These results indicate that facilities using existing EPA emission factors to estimate emissions in open molding processes are likely to underestimate actual emissions. Facilities should investigate the applicability and feasibility of these P2 options to reduce their styrene emissions. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Nunez, C M AU - Ramsey, G H AU - Kong, E J AU - Bahner, MA AU - Wright, R S AU - Clayton, CA AU - Baskir, J N AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 256 EP - 267 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Styrene KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Pollution prevention KW - Emission control KW - Air pollution control KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20629360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Pollution+Prevention+Options+to+Reduce+Styrene+Emissions+from+Fiber-Reinforced+Plastic+Open+Molding+Processes&rft.au=Nunez%2C+C+M%3BRamsey%2C+G+H%3BKong%2C+E+J%3BBahner%2C+MA%3BWright%2C+R+S%3BClayton%2C+CA%3BBaskir%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Nunez&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Styrene; Manufacturing industry; Pollution prevention; Air pollution control; Emission control; Occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogenic Fraction of Ambient VOC: Comparison of Radiocarbon, Chromatographic, and Emissions Inventory Estimates for Atlanta, Georgia AN - 19516958; 4605855 AB - Previously reported volatile organic compounds (VOC) radiocarbon ( super(14)C) measurements for 1992 summertime Atlanta, GA, have been compared with chromatographic data and emissions inventory predictions. The chromatographic approach that was used provided a more comprehensive VOC characterization than typically achieved, and the emissions inventory was research-grade level (date-, site-, and time-specific). The comparisons are in general agreement that biogenic emissions contribute only modestly (<10%) to the VOC content of the particular ambient samples that were collected and measured. The choices of sampling site (near city-center) and times (early morning and late evening) are major influences on the results, which consequently should not be regarded as representing the average VOC biogenic impact for the Atlanta area. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Lewis, C W AU - Stevens, R K AU - Rasmussen, R A AU - Cardelino, CA AU - Pierce, TE AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 299 EP - 307 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - USA, Georgia, Atlanta KW - summer KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Inventories KW - Data processing KW - Emission inventories KW - volatile organic compounds KW - Sampling KW - Seasonal variations KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Urban areas KW - Air pollution measurements KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19516958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Biogenic+Fraction+of+Ambient+VOC%3A+Comparison+of+Radiocarbon%2C+Chromatographic%2C+and+Emissions+Inventory+Estimates+for+Atlanta%2C+Georgia&rft.au=Lewis%2C+C+W%3BStevens%2C+R+K%3BRasmussen%2C+R+A%3BCardelino%2C+CA%3BPierce%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inventories; Data processing; volatile organic compounds; Sampling; Emission inventories; Seasonal variations; Volatile organic compounds; Air pollution measurements; Urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality in agricultural regions of Minnesota AN - 18008483; 4610612 AB - Because of its unique geology, Minnesota can be divided into four agricultural regions: south-central region one (corn, soybeans); west-central region two (wheat, corn, soybeans); northwest region three (wheat, sugar beets, potatoes); and northeast region four (forested and urban in character). Cancer mortality (1980-1989) in agricultural regions one, two, and three was compared to region four. Using data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, cancer mortality was summarized by 5-year age groups, sex, race, and county. Age-standardized mortality rate ratios were calculated for white males and females for all ages combined, and for children aged 0-14. Increased mortality rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were observed for the following cancer sites: region one - lip (men), standardized rate ratio (SRR) = 2.70 (CI, 1.08-6.71); nasopharynx (women), SRR = 3.35 (CI, 1.20-9.31); region two - non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (women), SRR = 1.35 (CI, 1.09-1.66); and region three - prostate (men), SRR = 1.12 (CI, 1.00-1.26); thyroid (men), SRR = 2.95 (CI, 1.35-6.44); bone (men), SRR = 2.09 (CI, 1.00-4.34); eye (women), SRR = 5.77 (CI, 1.90-17.50). Deficits of smoking-related cancers were noted. Excess cancers reported are consistent with earlier reports of agriculturally related cancers in the midwestern United States. However, reports on thyroid and bone cancer in association with agricultural pesticides are few in number. The highest use of fungicides occurs in region three. Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, whose metabolite is a known cause of thyroid cancer in rats, are frequently applied. This report provides a rationale for evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of this suspect agent in humans. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schreinemachers, D M AU - Creason, J P AU - Garry, V F AD - Epidemiology and Biomarker Branch, Human Studies Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD 58-A, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 205 EP - 211 VL - 107 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - epidemiology KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Mortality KW - Pesticides (carbamates) KW - Cancer KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Agricultural practices KW - Fungicides KW - Pesticides KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18008483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+in+agricultural+regions+of+Minnesota&rft.au=Schreinemachers%2C+D+M%3BCreason%2C+J+P%3BGarry%2C+V+F&rft.aulast=Schreinemachers&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Minnesota; Pesticides; Agriculture; Cancer; Mortality; Fungicides; Occupational exposure; Agricultural practices; Pesticides (carbamates) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal deepening of the pycnocline in a shallow shelf ecosystem and its influence on near-bottom dissolved oxygen AN - 17385980; 4603858 AB - A 3 yr record (1992 to 1994) of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations from an intensive grid of 21 sampling stations in a similar to 100 km super(2) study area of western Massachusetts Bay ( similar to 25 to 50 m water depth) showed a regular seasonal decline in bottom waters during stratification, but considerable spatial and temporal variability within and across years. Mean near-bottom, subpycnocline DO concentrations for the area reached 7.57, 7.85, and 6.2 mg l super(-1) in mid October 1992, late September 1993, and late September 1994, respectively; individual station readings were as low as 4.8 mg l super(-1) in 1994. Overall stratified-season rates of subpycnocline DO decline were similar to 0.025 to 0.031 mg l super(-1) d super(-1), but rates increased late in the season as the bottom layer sharply warmed to its annual temperature maximum. Concurrent with relatively lower DO concentrations in 1994, field measurements indicated high bottom-water temperatures >12 degree C (>=4 degree C above 1992 to 1993) and a deepened pycnocline just prior to overturn. To address how factors like temperature and vertical structure of the water column interact with metabolic processes to shape observed trends in DO decline and spatio-temporal variability, we used a simple model with physical and biological measurements from field monitoring as inputs. From field and model sensitivity results, we conclude that temperature and stratification strongly influence DO minima and rates of decline, and these factors interact with the bathymetric slope, as well as the topographic and depositional heterogeneity of the study area, to create subpycnocline variability in DO. With respect to lower DO in 1994, temperature contributed by accelerating both water and sediment metabolism, but a major effect was the late-season deepening of the pycnocline that enhanced the contribution of sediment respiration to DO decline by isolating a thin near-bottom water layer. In addition, dynamics of seasonal pycnocline deepening are a principal influence on interannual variability in bottom-water DO because, in contrast to the late-season effect, early in the stratified season a shallow pycnocline depth may moderate DO decline by allowing mid-water primary production to add DO to subpycnocline water. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Kelly, J R AU - Doering, PH AD - U.S. EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA, kelly.johnr@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 151 EP - 168 VL - 178 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - USA, Massachusetts Bay KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Pycnocline KW - Chemical oceanography KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Models KW - Benthic boundary layer KW - Continental shelves KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Bay KW - Seasonal variations KW - Bay dynamics KW - D 04330:Marine KW - O 2050:Chemical Oceanography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17385980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Seasonal+deepening+of+the+pycnocline+in+a+shallow+shelf+ecosystem+and+its+influence+on+near-bottom+dissolved+oxygen&rft.au=Kelly%2C+J+R%3BDoering%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Bay; Chemical oceanography; Pycnocline; Dissolved oxygen; Benthic boundary layer; Continental shelves; Bay dynamics; Temperature effects; Models; Seasonal variations; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uptake of ammonium by four species of macroalgae in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia AN - 17372706; 4590541 AB - The uptake rates of ammonium were determined for three species of native macroalgae and an exotic macroalga from Port Phillip Bay. All species exhibited rate-saturated mechanisms of uptake described by Michaelis-Menten uptake kinetics. At the highest concentration examined (28.6 mu mol NH sub(4)-N) Hincksia sordida had a higher rate of uptake (435 mu mol NH sub(4)-N g dry wt super(-1) h super(-1)) than Ulva sp. (108 mu mol NH sub(4)-N g dry wt super(-1) h super(-1)) or Polysiphonia decipiens (53 mu mol NH sub(4)-N g dry wt super(-1) h super(-1)). Maximum surge uptake rate was highest for H. sordida and lowest for P decipiens (802 and 57 mu mol NH sub(4)-N g dry wt super(-1) h super(-1) respectively). The introduced phaeophyte Undaria pinnatifida had an intermediate capacity for ammonium uptake which was dependent on blade maturity. Differences in the ratio of maximum uptake rate to half-saturation rate between surge and assimilation uptake phases suggest a propensity for some species to take up ammonium at low concentrations. The relationships between nutrient uptake and growth among species would afford mature U. pinnatifida, H. sordida and Ulva sp. a competitive advantage for ammonium uptake in winter during high N availability, whereas P. decipiens would be able to exploit low N concentrations in spring and summer. JF - Marine & Freshwater Research AU - Campbell, S J AD - Marine Sciences, Environment Protection Authority, PO Box 4395QQ Melbourne, Vic. 3000, Australia, stuart.campbell@epa.vic.gov.au Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 515 EP - 522 VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 1323-1650, 1323-1650 KW - Australia, Victoria KW - Australia, Victoria, Port Phillip Bay KW - Hincksia sordida KW - Polysiphonia decipiens KW - Ulva KW - Undaria pinnatifida KW - algae KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Ammonium KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Ammonia KW - Nutrients KW - Biological age KW - Chemical kinetics KW - Macrophytes KW - Growth KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Growth curves KW - PSE, Australia, Victoria, Port Phillip Bay KW - Nutrient uptake KW - Seaweeds KW - Introduced species KW - Bays KW - Algae KW - Ammonium compounds KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - D 04627:Algae/lichens KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - K 03073:Algae KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17372706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+%26+Freshwater+Research&rft.atitle=Uptake+of+ammonium+by+four+species+of+macroalgae+in+Port+Phillip+Bay%2C+Victoria%2C+Australia&rft.au=Campbell%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+%26+Freshwater+Research&rft.issn=13231650&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Port Phillip Bay, Australia: Impact Prediction and Sustainable Management in a Coastal Environment. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth curves; Bioaccumulation; Biological age; Introduced species; Seaweeds; Chemical kinetics; Ammonium compounds; Ammonia; Nutrient uptake; Algae; Aquatic organisms; Ammonium; Macrophytes; Growth; Nutrients; Bays; PSE, Australia, Victoria, Port Phillip Bay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental correlates of species richness for native freshwater fish in Oregon, U.S.A. AN - 17368508; 4577152 AB - Aim To better understand how environmental factors affect fish species richness across the state of Oregon. Location Oregon, U.S.A. Methods A database showing collection locations of 4911 fish specimens in the Oregon State University museum was modified by the Oregon Natural Heritage Program to include probable occurrences, and mapped within a grid of 375 hexagons that cover the state. The individual species maps of freshwater fish in Oregon were reviewed and revised by thirty regional fish biologists and then synthesized into a single map of native species richness. We used regression tree analysis (RTA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) to assess patterns of fish species richness with twenty environmental, three anthropogenic, and two historical variables. Results RTA explained 66% of the variation in native species richness, associating richness with annual air temperature range, minimum January temperature, introduced species richness, and stream density. MLR explained 68% of native species richness variation and associated richness with maximum July temperature, air temperature range, standard deviation of monthly temperature, stream density, introduced species richness, and basin connectivity. Main conclusions We conclude that for these data and at this scale, native fish species richness in Oregon is associated with annual climatic extremes, spatial variability of climate, stream density, basin connectivity, and introduced fishes. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Rathert, D AU - White, D AU - Sifneos, J C AU - Hughes, R M AD - Dynamac, 200 SW 35th St. Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, hughesb@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 257 EP - 273 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - USA, Oregon KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Spatial distribution KW - Biogeography KW - Climate KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Climatic conditions KW - Environmental factors KW - Air temperature KW - Pisces KW - Indigenous species KW - Species diversity KW - Introduced species KW - Species richness KW - Q1 08342:Geographical distribution KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17368508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Environmental+correlates+of+species+richness+for+native+freshwater+fish+in+Oregon%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Rathert%2C+D%3BWhite%2C+D%3BSifneos%2C+J+C%3BHughes%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Rathert&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2699.1999.00274.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Biogeography; Species diversity; Climate; Freshwater fish; Introduced species; Environmental factors; Air temperature; Indigenous species; Spatial distribution; Climatic conditions; Species richness; Pisces; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00274.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreased resistance of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to a protozoan pathogen (Perkinsus marinus) after sublethal exposure to tributyltin oxide AN - 17350376; 4642284 AB - Anthropogenic environmental stress is a likely contributor to outbreaks of disease due to immunosuppression or increased host vulnerability. Estuarine organisms are exposed to variable concentrations of marine antifouling agents, such as tributyltin (TBT), with higher exposures existing near ports and marinas. Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coast of North America, are susceptible to a protozoan pathogen, Perkinsus marinus, which has devastated oyster populations and depleted oyster fisheries throughout its range. This study examined the effects of exposure to environmental levels of TBT on susceptibility and survival of oysters when subsequently challenged with P. marinus. Oysters were exposed to TBT (0,30 and 80 ng/L) in flow-through aquaria for 9 weeks, then moved to static aquaria, where they were challenged with parasites and monitored for an additional 8 weeks for mortality and disease. Results indicated increased infection intensity and oyster mortality in the TBT-exposed treatments relative to unexposed controls. It is hypothesized that TBT exacerbates the infectious disease process and that exposed oysters succumb at lower levels of infection. JF - Marine Environmental Research AU - Fisher, W S AU - Oliver, L M AU - Walker, W W AU - Manning, C S AU - Lytle, T F AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze-5239, FL 32561 USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 185 EP - 201 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - Eastern oyster KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Marine KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Lethal effects KW - Perkinsus marinus KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Parasitic diseases KW - Toxicity KW - Tributyltin KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17350376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Decreased+resistance+of+eastern+oysters+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29+to+a+protozoan+pathogen+%28Perkinsus+marinus%29+after+sublethal+exposure+to+tributyltin+oxide&rft.au=Fisher%2C+W+S%3BOliver%2C+L+M%3BWalker%2C+W+W%3BManning%2C+C+S%3BLytle%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0141-1136%2898%2900114-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lethal effects; Bioaccumulation; Toxicity; Parasitic diseases; Tributyltin; Perkinsus marinus; Crassostrea virginica; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(98)00114-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The 1993 Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP) study of Galveston Bay, Texas AN - 17317156; 4587433 AB - The Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP) Study of Galveston Bay, Texas addresses the ecological health of this estuary by identifying benthic community structure, measuring toxicity of sediments, and measuring concentrations of various pollutants in the sediments. The Sediment Quality Triad approach was used in this study to differentiate between degraded sites and undegraded sites. For comparison of the main body of Galveston Bay with other systems and the Louisianian Province as a whole, twenty-nine randomly selected sites were chosen to represent 1305 km super(2) of the Galveston Bay System. Random sites are located in Galveston Bay, Trinity Bay, East Bay and West Bay. In addition, a sample was taken for each of four important small bays associated with Galveston Bay, and for five marinas. This study does not include an analysis of the upper Houston Ship Channel, the Trinity River, or any other major tributaries. The Benthic Index, the Benthic Diversity Index, and abundance of Amphipods at each site proved useful in demonstrating that communities living in contaminated sediments had a community structure indicating poor conditions. The proportions of the two indices in the Galveston Bay area were similar to the proportions reported for the Louisianian Province in the 1993 EMAP Study. JF - Gulf Research Reports AU - Gorham-Test, C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 6 (6WQ-EW), Dallas, TX, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 75 PB - Gulf Coast Research Laboratory VL - 10 SN - 0072-9027, 0072-9027 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - Water quality KW - ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston Bay KW - Environmental protection KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17317156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+Research+Reports&rft.atitle=The+1993+Regional+Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment+Program+%28R-EMAP%29+study+of+Galveston+Bay%2C+Texas&rft.au=Gorham-Test%2C+C&rft.aulast=Gorham-Test&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gulf+Research+Reports&rft.issn=00729027&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Water quality; Environmental protection; ASW, USA, Texas, Galveston Bay; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of immunotoxicity data in health risk assessments: uncertainties and research to improve the process AN - 17286857; 4533764 AB - A number of environmental contaminants can suppress immune responses and enhance susceptibility to infectious and/or neoplastic disease. Most of the evidence for immunotoxicity of such contaminants has been obtained from laboratory animal studies and risk assessors must make decisions about risk to the human population based on these studies. Uncertainties associated with this process include determining what level of immune suppression is adverse, extrapolating across species from rodent to human, and across levels of biologic organization from effects on immune function at the cellular level to effects on incidence of disease at the population level, accounting for intra-species variability, and assessing the relationship between effects following acute, subchronic, and chronic exposure. This paper reviews immunotoxicity data that may be applied to the development of risk assessment methods and models designed to reduce some of these uncertainties. JF - Toxicology AU - Selgrade, M K AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999/03/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 01 SP - 59 EP - 72 VL - 133 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - immune system KW - immunotoxicity KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Immune system KW - Environmental health KW - Immunotoxicity KW - Reviews KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17286857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Use+of+immunotoxicity+data+in+health+risk+assessments%3A+uncertainties+and+research+to+improve+the+process&rft.au=Selgrade%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Selgrade&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Risk assessment; Immunotoxicity; Environmental health; Immune system ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterioplankton dynamics in northern San Francisco Bay: Role of particle association and seasonal freshwater flow AN - 17220060; 4506262 AB - Bacterioplankton abundance and metabolic characteristics were observed in northern San Francisco Bay, California, during spring and summer 1996 at three sites: Central Bay, Suisun Bay, and the Sacramento River. These sites spanned a salinity gradient from marine to freshwater, and sampling occurred during a period of seasonally declining river flow. The microbial measures included radio-labeled amino acid uptake (L-leucine, L-proline, L-serine), ectoenzyme activity (aminopeptidase and beta -D-glucosidase), and bacterial abundance using 1- mu m filters to separate free from particle-associated bacteria. A seasonal decline in all bacterial metabolic measures was observed at all stations, suggesting that a system-wide variable may be important in controlling bacterial activity. One such variable is freshwater flow into the Bay (as a proxy for organic matter flux), which positively covaried with all metabolic measures. A sharp decline in particle-associated bacteria was also observed in Suisun Bay and the Sacramento River between July and August. This decline may have been due to combined effects of declining nutritive value of the aging particles and increasing grazing pressure by benthic filter feeders. Aminopeptidase activity was positively related with increasing salinity, and beta -D-glucosidase was negatively correlated with increasing salinity, indicating a gradient in the relative quality of organic matter from carbohydrate-rich riverine to protein-rich oceanic material. Overall, Suisun Bay had the highest mean proportion of particle-associated bacteria (49%), followed by Sacramento River (36%) and Central Bay (11%). Particles were the sites of enhanced ectoenzyme activity but not amino acid incorporation. Bacteria may be actively dissolving the particulate organic matter, but their growth rates on particles are not significantly enhanced. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Murrell, M C AU - Hollibaugh, J T AU - Silver, M W AU - Wong, P S AD - US EPA, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Dr., Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 295 EP - 308 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - USA, California KW - USA, California, Central Bay KW - USA, California, Sacramento R. KW - USA, California, San Francisco Bay KW - USA, California, Suisun Bay KW - amino acid uptake KW - ectoenzyme activity KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Abundance KW - Particulate matter KW - Bacterioplankton KW - Salinity KW - Seasonal variations KW - Bays KW - Amino acids KW - Zooplankton KW - River discharge KW - Microorganisms KW - INE, USA, California, San Francisco Bay KW - Metabolism KW - Correlation analysis KW - Growth KW - Salinity effects KW - Bacteria KW - River flow KW - Enzymes KW - Dynamics KW - Particulate organic matter KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - J 02905:Water KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17220060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Bacterioplankton+dynamics+in+northern+San+Francisco+Bay%3A+Role+of+particle+association+and+seasonal+freshwater+flow&rft.au=Murrell%2C+M+C%3BHollibaugh%2C+J+T%3BSilver%2C+M+W%3BWong%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Murrell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; River flow; Amino acids; Particulate matter; Zooplankton; Abundance; River discharge; Enzymes; Correlation analysis; Bacterioplankton; Dynamics; Salinity; Growth; Particulate organic matter; Salinity effects; Microorganisms; Seasonal variations; Metabolism; Bays; INE, USA, California, San Francisco Bay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The application of siderophores for metal recovery and waste remediation: Examination of correlations for prediction of metal affinities AN - 17214318; 4505845 AB - The naturally occurring metal-chelating compounds known as siderophores may be useful in environmental applications, but limited metal specificity data is available for this class of compounds. Correlations that predict ligand-metal affinity vs metal ion charge density and hydrolysis behavior are applied to the case of the siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFB). DFB-metal complex formation constants are better correlated to the first hydrolysis constant of the respective metal cations than to the ratio of charge to metal-ligand interatomic separation. Test cases of Pb super(II), Sn super(II) and Bi super(III) confirm this conclusion. JF - Water Research AU - Hernlem, B J AU - Vane, L M AU - Sayles, G D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 951 EP - 960 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Chelation KW - Remediation KW - Waste management KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17214318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=The+application+of+siderophores+for+metal+recovery+and+waste+remediation%3A+Examination+of+correlations+for+prediction+of+metal+affinities&rft.au=Hernlem%2C+B+J%3BVane%2C+L+M%3BSayles%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Hernlem&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Remediation; Chelation; Waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of particle aggregation in fluvial suspended sediment by formaldehyde AN - 17212036; 4505852 AB - Freshwater fluvial suspended sediment particle size characteristics alter temporally when allowed to stand, undergoing continuous aggregation to form larger composite particles (aggregates or flocs) that can settle from the water column and are stable to hand shaking. Treatments to inhibit the spontaneous aggregation of laboratory prepared and fluvial suspended sediments were investigated. A novel method using formaldehyde to fix suspended sediment was developed, which inhibited aggregation of the suspended particles. The formaldehyde-treated particle suspensions formed fragile aggregates on settling, but they were redispersed by hand shaking. When assessed by particle size distribution, photography and turbidity measurements following resuspension, treatments with 2% (v/v) formaldehyde showed little alteration of the initial existing particles or aggregate composition and turbidity. The fixation of fluvial water samples with formaldehyde immediately after collection allowed the transportation and storage of the samples containing suspended sediment for laboratory analysis, weeks after collection. JF - Water Research AU - Leigh, KA AU - Hyne, R V AD - Ecotoxicology Section, Environment Protection Authority NSW, located at EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology - Sydney, Westbourne St., Gore Hill, NSW 2065, Australia, hynerpa.nsw.gov.au Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 1101 EP - 1107 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - formaldehyde KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sample preparation KW - Suspended sediments KW - Laboratories KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Aggregates KW - Resuspended sediments KW - Fluvial sediments KW - Fluvial sedimentation KW - Sampling KW - Turbidity KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17212036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+particle+aggregation+in+fluvial+suspended+sediment+by+formaldehyde&rft.au=Leigh%2C+KA%3BHyne%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Suspended sediments; Resuspended sediments; Fluvial sedimentation; Laboratories; Pollution effects; Sampling; Aggregates; Turbidity; Sample preparation; Fluvial sediments; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence and distribution of 4-nonylphenol following repeated application to littoral enclosures AN - 17197702; 4487888 AB - The persistence and distribution of 4-nonylphenol (NP) were monitored for 440 d, following application to 18 littoral enclosures (4 X 7-8 m), situated in a 2-ha mesotrophic pond near Duluth, Minnesota. Application was accomplished by subsurface, gravity-fed injection over a 20-d period, with a 2-d frequency, to achieve nominal aqueous concentrations of 0, 3, 30, 100, and 300 mu g/L. Mean maximum concentrations in the water over the 20-d application period ranged from 75.7 to 81.0% of nominal for the three highest treatment levels and was 181% of nominal at the lowest treatment level. Water was the major compartment, on a mass balance basis, for NP until 2 to 4 d after the application period, with a mean time to 50% dissipation (DT50) of 0.74 d and a mean time to 95% dissipation (DT95) of 13.8 d. 4-Nonylphenol partitioned to enclosure wall material, macrophytes, and sediment within 2 d of initial application. Macrophytes accumulated maximum NP concentrations of 11.5 and 139 mg/kg 1 to 2 d after the application period at the 30- and 300- mu g/L treatment levels, respectively. Mean DT50 and DT95 estimates of NP persistence in/on the macrophytes were 10.3 and 189 d, respectively. Sediment from the 30- and 300- mu g/L treatments accumulated maximum dry weight NP concentrations of 2.74 and 27.4 mg/kg, respectively within 20 to 48 d of the first application. The mean sediment porewater NP concentration was 18.6 mu g/L for the period 2 to 34 d after application 1 at the 300- mu g/L treatment. The sediment was the primary sink for NP 440 d after the initial application with a concentration of 1.97 mg/kg at the 300- mu g/L treatment. Mean sediment DT50 and DT95 values were 66.0 and 401 d, respectively, indicating a long-term persistence of NP. Ecocores collected 1 d after the final NP application did not show significant decreases in sediment NP concentration during a 55-d incubation period, corroborating the NP persistence observed in the littoral enclosures. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Heinis, L J AU - Knuth, M L AU - Liber, K AU - Sheedy, B R AU - Tunell, R L AU - Ankley, G T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804-2595, heinis.larrypamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 363 EP - 375 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - 4-nonylphenol KW - USA, Minnesota, Duluth KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Sediment contamination KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Ponds KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Littoral zone KW - Sediment pollution KW - Toxicity KW - Water pollution KW - Phenols KW - Macrophytes KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17197702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Persistence+and+distribution+of+4-nonylphenol+following+repeated+application+to+littoral+enclosures&rft.au=Heinis%2C+L+J%3BKnuth%2C+M+L%3BLiber%2C+K%3BSheedy%2C+B+R%3BTunell%2C+R+L%3BAnkley%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Heinis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Macrophytes; Sediment pollution; Bioaccumulation; Pollutant persistence; Pollution effects; Toxicity; Phenols; Ponds; Water pollution; Littoral zone; Fate of pollutants; Sediment contamination; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in NO sub(y) speciation predicted by three photochemical mechanisms AN - 17179779; 4478886 AB - We describe the production and speciation of NO sub(y) in current chemical mechanisms using model simulations with three different chemical mechanisms run under three different chemical scenarios representative of a low-emission rural, a high-emission rural, and a heavily polluted urban scenario. In this study we examine predictions from the Carbon Bond 4 mechanism, the Regional Acid Deposition Model 2 mechanism, and an explicit mechanism used in global modeling. Several reactions are identified which influence the concentrations of important NO sub(y) species. The most important reaction under rural conditions is the oxidation of isoprene, which influences the production of PAN and organic nitrate. Differences among mechanisms cause large differences in the NO sub(y) concentrations, which propagate throughout the entire mechanism, affecting the chemistry of all species. The largest differences in NO sub(y) species among the mechanisms occur in the rural simulations, while predictions are the most similar under urban conditions, for which photochemical mechanisms have been studied and evaluated. The differences in NO sub(y) speciation cause uncertainties in the use of these mechanisms for predicting oxidant chemistry over long distances and multi-day episodes under non-urban conditions. Predictions from all mechanisms should be regarded with caution under rural conditions. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Luecken, D J AU - Tonnesen, G S AU - Sickles, JE II AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, MD 84, Research Triangle Park NC 27711, USA, luecken@geoid.rtpnc.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 1073 EP - 1084 VL - 33 IS - 7 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Simulation KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Photochemicals KW - Chemical speciation KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Rural areas KW - Urban areas KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17179779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Differences+in+NO+sub%28y%29+speciation+predicted+by+three+photochemical+mechanisms&rft.au=Luecken%2C+D+J%3BTonnesen%2C+G+S%3BSickles%2C+JE+II&rft.aulast=Luecken&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urban areas; Atmospheric chemistry; Rural areas; Nitrogen oxides; Chemical speciation; Photochemicals; Simulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of 4-methoxyphenol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatic microsomes AN - 17139453; 4440037 AB - Rainbow trout liver microsomes were used to study the O-demethylation and ring hydroxylation of 4-methoxyphenol (4-MP) (4-hydroxyanisole) at 11 and 25 degree C by directly measuring the production of the primary metabolite hydroquinone (HQ), 4-methoxycatechol (4-MCAT), and additional metabolites. An HPLC method with integrated ultraviolet (UV) and electrochemical detection (ECD) was developed for metabolite identification and quantification at low concentrations. Sample handling with appropriate buffers, solvents, low temperature and light prevented loss of extremely labile metabolites. Saturation kinetics for the production of HQ via O-demethylation of 4-MP (0.66-40 mM) was never achieved, with substrate solubility being the limiting factor. The linear rate of HQ formation at 11 degree C was 22.0 plus or minus 2.2 (coefficient plus or minus S.E., r super(2)=0.91) pmol min super(-1) per mg protein per mM substrate, and at 25 degree C was 34.0 plus or minus 1.3 (r super(2)=0.99) pmol min super(-1) per mg protein per mM substrate. The second major microsomal metabolite 4-MCAT was also identified, with linear rates of ring hydroxylation determined to be 19.0 plus or minus 1.6 (r super(2)=0.94) and 17.2 plus or minus 0.5 (r super(2)=0.99) pmol min super(-1) per mg protein per mM substrate at 11 and 25 degree C, respectively. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Kolanczyk, R AU - Schmieder, P AU - Bradbury, S AU - Spizzo, T AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN 55804 USA Y1 - 1999/03/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 01 SP - 47 EP - 61 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - 4-methoxyphenol KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Rainbow trout KW - biotransformation KW - hydroquinone KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Biochemistry KW - Degradation KW - Metabolites KW - Bioassay KW - Microsomes KW - Limiting factors KW - Phenols KW - Bioassays KW - Trout KW - Liver KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - Q4 27210:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17139453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+4-methoxyphenol+in+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss%29+hepatic+microsomes&rft.au=Kolanczyk%2C+R%3BSchmieder%2C+P%3BBradbury%2C+S%3BSpizzo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kolanczyk&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic organisms; Microsomes; Bioassays; Degradation; Biochemistry; Liver; Metabolites; Limiting factors; Phenols; Toxicity testing; Trout; Bioassay; Oncorhynchus mykiss ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rapid tetrazolium dye reduction assay to assess the bactericidal activity of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) hemocytes against Vibrio parahaemolyticus AN - 17139406; 4440009 AB - An assay was developed to assess the ability of oyster, Crassostrea virginica, hemocytes to kill the human pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802). Bacterial killing was estimated colorimetrically by the enzymatic reduction of a tetrazolium dye, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfo p henyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), and phenylmethasulfazone (PMS). The assay proposed here provides an indicator of immunocompetence of oysters against V. parahaemolyticus. The assay involved: (1) exposure of plasma-free oyster hemocytes to a streptomycin (SM)-resistant mutant strain of V. parahaemolyticus in a 96-well plate for 3 h at 17 degree C in SM-augmented sea water; (2) growout of surviving bacteria in nutrient broth for 2 h at 37 degree C; (3) addition of MTS and PMS; and (4) measurement of MTS/PMS reduction product (formazan) at 490 nm using a microplate reader. Advantages of this assay include the absence of radio-isotopes used in some killing assays and requirement of low volumes of plasma and numbers of hemocytes. In addition, we demonstrated greater precision than traditional, plate counting methods for bacterial estimation. This technique has the potential to evaluate oyster capacity to eliminate microbial agents and to assess effects of environmental changes and pollutant stress on defense capabilities of oysters. JF - Aquaculture AU - Volety, A K AU - Oliver, L M AU - Genthner, F J AU - Fisher, W S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-5299, USA Y1 - 1999/03/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 01 SP - 205 EP - 222 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 172 IS - 1-2 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Eastern oyster KW - oyster culture KW - tetrazolium dye reduction KW - tetrazolium dyes KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Human diseases KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Disease control KW - Pollution effects KW - Oyster culture KW - Disease resistance KW - Public health KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - Bactericides KW - Hemocytes KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - Q4 27200:Shellfish and other aquatic animals (excl. fish) KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17139406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=A+rapid+tetrazolium+dye+reduction+assay+to+assess+the+bactericidal+activity+of+oyster+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29+hemocytes+against+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus&rft.au=Volety%2C+A+K%3BOliver%2C+L+M%3BGenthner%2C+F+J%3BFisher%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Volety&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=172&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Pathogenic bacteria; Bacterial diseases; Bactericides; Disease control; Pollution effects; Disease resistance; Oyster culture; Public health; Hemocytes; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Crassostrea virginica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Bear Brook watershed manipulation project: Watershed science in a policy perspective AN - 16133265; 4564538 AB - The Bear Brook Watershed Manipulation in Maine is a paired watershed experiment. Monitoring of the paired catchments (East Bear Brook -- reference; West Bear Brook -- experimental) began in early 1987. Chemical manipulation of West Bear Brook catchment began in November 1989. Process studies on the watershed, outflow observation and monitoring, and modeling simulations of predicted versus observed response, are yielding a wealth of information about the behavior of the paired catchments and their responses to the deposition of acidifying substances. Results from the studies are providing important information relevant to national policies on emissions controls. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Church, M R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects, Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 97333 USA Y1 - 1999/03/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Mar 01 SP - 1 EP - 5 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - USA, Maine KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution (Air) KW - Watershed Management KW - Watersheds KW - Acid Rain KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Catchment areas KW - Environmental Policy KW - Air-water exchanges KW - Air Pollution KW - Acid rain KW - Catchment Areas KW - Geochemistry KW - Environmental policy KW - Water pollution control KW - Air pollution KW - Acid precipitation KW - Water management KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - Q5 01505:Prevention and control KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16133265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=The+Bear+Brook+watershed+manipulation+project%3A+Watershed+science+in+a+policy+perspective&rft.au=Church%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006167028220 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: The Bear Brook watershed in Maine: A paired watershed experiment. The first decade (1987-1997). N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Acid rain; Water management; Groundwater pollution; Air-water exchanges; Pollution control; Water pollution control; Geochemistry; Watersheds; Environmental policy; Pollution (Air); Acid precipitation; Catchment areas; Air Pollution; Acid Rain; Water Pollution Control; Catchment Areas; Environmental Policy; Watershed Management; USA, Maine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006167028220 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse reproductive outcomes in the transgenic Ah receptor-deficient mouse AN - 17159211; 4461299 AB - The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcriptional regulatory protein that binds to upstream DNA response elements of target genes. Activation of the AHR by binding of ligands such as polyhalogenated dioxins, furans, and PCBs is associated with a wide range of adverse biological outcomes, including cancer, immune deficiencies, embryo/fetotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Investigations of the diverse biological responses mediated by the AHR led to production of a transgenic mouse in which the gene coding for the AhR was inactivated. AHR-deficient mice were fertile and at maturity exhibited immune system impairment and hepatic fibrosis. Our laboratory received several of these homozygous knockout (-/-) mice and mated them with wild-type (+/+) C57BL/6N mice to generate large numbers of heterozygotes (+/-). The -/- males were then mated with a total of 45 heterozygous +/- females. Offspring of these matings were genotyped and mated in all genotypic combinations. Although male and female -/- adults were fertile, the -/- females had difficulty maintaining conceptuses during pregnancy, surviving pregnancy and lactation, and rearing pups to weaning. Only 46% of the 39 pregnant -/- females successfully raised pups to weaning. The -/- pups showed poor survival during lactation (average death rate per litter was 16%) and after weaning (26.5% of the 230 weaned -/- pups died within 2 weeks). Only 39% of the implantations in uteri of -/- dams resulted in offspring surviving to Postnatal Day 45. Across all litters the sex ratios and genotypic frequencies were comparable to expected values. Reproductive success was adversely affected in Ahr-null females and conceptuses. Additional study is needed to reveal the etiology of these effects. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Abbott, B D AU - Schmid, JE AU - Pitt, JA AU - Buckalew, A R AU - Wood, C R AU - Held, G A AU - Diliberto, J J AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 27711, North Carolina Y1 - 1999/02/15/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 15 SP - 62 EP - 70 PB - Academic Press VL - 155 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - double prime Ah receptors KW - polyhalogenated dioxins KW - polyhalogenated furans KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Reproduction KW - Transgenic mice KW - Aryl hydrocarbon receptors KW - PCB KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17159211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Adverse+reproductive+outcomes+in+the+transgenic+Ah+receptor-deficient+mouse&rft.au=Abbott%2C+B+D%3BSchmid%2C+JE%3BPitt%2C+JA%3BBuckalew%2C+A+R%3BWood%2C+C+R%3BHeld%2C+G+A%3BDiliberto%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-02-15&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reproduction; Aryl hydrocarbon receptors; Transgenic mice; PCB ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of cytogenetic effects of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene and 1,2:3, 4-diepoxybutane in mouse, rat and human lymphocytes following in vitro G0 exposures. AN - 69593285; 10029668 AB - To understand better the species differences in carcinogenicity caused by 1,3-butadiene (BD), we exposed G0 lymphocytes (either splenic or peripheral blood) from rats, mice and humans to 3, 4-epoxy-1-butene (EB) (20 to 931 microM) or 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) (2.5 to 320 uM), two of the suspected active metabolites of BD. Short EB exposures induced little measurable cytogenetic damage in either rat, mouse, or human G0 lymphocytes as measured by either sister chromatid exchange (SCE) or chromosome aberration (CA) analyses. However, DEB was a potent inducer of both SCEs and CAs in G0 splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes. A comparison of the responses among species showed that the rat and mouse were approximately equisensitive to the cytogenetic damaging effects of DEB, but the situation for the human subjects was more complex. The presence of the GSTT1-1 gene (expressed in the erythrocytes) reduced the relative sensitivity of the lymphocytes to the SCE-inducing effects of DEB. However, additional factors also appear to influence the genotoxic response of humans to DEB. This study is the first direct comparison of the genotoxicity of EB and DEB in the cells from all three species. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Mutation research AU - Kligerman, A D AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Doerr, C L AU - Hanley, N M AU - Milholland, V S AU - Tennant, A H AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division (MD-68), US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. kligerman.andrew@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/02/02/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Feb 02 SP - 13 EP - 23 VL - 439 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Butadienes KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - 3,4-epoxy-1-butene KW - 478ERR5NKR KW - erythritol anhydride KW - 60OB65YNAB KW - glutathione S-transferase T1 KW - EC 2.5.1.- KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - JSD5FGP5VD KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Genotype KW - Regression Analysis KW - Chromosome Aberrations -- genetics KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Erythrocytes -- enzymology KW - Humans KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange -- genetics KW - Cell Cycle -- genetics KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Butadienes -- toxicity KW - Interphase -- genetics KW - Epoxy Compounds -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69593285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+cytogenetic+effects+of+3%2C4-epoxy-1-butene+and+1%2C2%3A3%2C+4-diepoxybutane+in+mouse%2C+rat+and+human+lymphocytes+following+in+vitro+G0+exposures.&rft.au=Kligerman%2C+A+D%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BHanley%2C+N+M%3BMilholland%2C+V+S%3BTennant%2C+A+H&rft.aulast=Kligerman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-02-02&rft.volume=439&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inflammatory response in humans exposed to 2.0 ppm nitrogen dioxide. AN - 69843976; 10380161 AB - Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a common indoor air pollutant, especially in homes with unvented combustion appliances. Epidemiological studies suggest that children living in homes with unvented heating sources are more prone to respiratory infections than children living in homes with lower levels of NO2. However, experimental studies in which human volunteers were exposed acutely to moderate levels of NO2 (0.5-2.0 ppm) have shown little evidence of lung inflammation or decreased host resistance capacity. In the study reported here, 8 healthy volunteers were exposed to 2.0 ppm NO2 and to filtered air for 4 h while undergoing intermittent moderate exercise. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed the following morning. The lavage was divided into a predominantly bronchial washing (first 20 ml of lavage; BL) and a predominantly alveolar washing (BAL). In the BL, NO2 exposure caused increases in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, alpha1-antitrypsin, and tissue plasminogen activator, and decreases in epithelial cells. In the BAL, there were no NO2-induced changes in either cell numbers or soluble mediators. On the other hand, alveolar macrophages from BAL showed a decrease in the ability to phagocytose unopsonized Candida albicans and a decrease in superoxide production. No difference in susceptibility to virus infection was found between the NO2- and air-exposed macrophages. No changes in lung function were observed, but the aerosol bolus recovery technique revealed a statistically significant (p <.05) decrease in the fraction of aerosol recovered following nitrogen dioxide exposure, which is suggestive of small obstructive changes induced by NO2. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Devlin, R B AU - Horstman, D P AU - Gerrity, T R AU - Becker, S AU - Madden, M C AU - Biscardi, F AU - Hatch, G E AU - Koren, H S AD - Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mail Drop 58D, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. devlin.robert@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 89 EP - 109 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - Proteins KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - S7G510RUBH KW - Index Medicus KW - Macrophages -- immunology KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Macrophages -- drug effects KW - Adolescent KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- toxicity KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Nitrogen Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Pneumonia -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69843976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Inflammatory+response+in+humans+exposed+to+2.0+ppm+nitrogen+dioxide.&rft.au=Devlin%2C+R+B%3BHorstman%2C+D+P%3BGerrity%2C+T+R%3BBecker%2C+S%3BMadden%2C+M+C%3BBiscardi%2C+F%3BHatch%2C+G+E%3BKoren%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Devlin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of risks posed by combustor emissions. AN - 69667607; 10189581 AB - Risk characterization is the final step of the risk assessment process as practiced in the U.S. EPA. In risk characterization, the major scientific evidence and "bottom-line" results from the other components of the risk assessment process, hazard identification, dose-response assessment, and exposure assessment, are evaluated and integrated into an overall conclusion about the risks posed by a given situation. Risk characterization is also an iterative process; the results of a specific step may require re-evaluation or additional information to finalize the risk assessment process. Risks posed by atmospheric emissions are an example of an involuntary human health risk which typically receives a great deal of public attention. Characterization of the risks posed by atmospheric emissions typically requires the use of mathematical models to evaluate: 1) the environmental fate of emitted pollutants, 2) exposures to these pollutants, and 3) human dose-response. Integration of these models results in quantitative risk estimates. The confidence in a quantitative risk estimate is examined by evaluating uncertainty and variability within individual risk assessment components. Variability arises from the true heterogeneity in characteristics within a population or an event; on the other hand, uncertainty represents lack of knowledge about the true value used in a risk estimate. U.S. EPA's 1997 Mercury Study will illustrate some aspects of the risk characterization process as well as the uncertainty and variability encountered in the risk assessment process. JF - Drug and chemical toxicology AU - Rice, G AU - Swartout, J AU - Brady-Roberts, E AU - Reisman, D AU - Mahaffey, K AU - Lyon, B AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 221 EP - 240 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0148-0545, 0148-0545 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Industrial Waste KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Industrial Waste -- adverse effects KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Models, Chemical KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- toxicity KW - Vehicle Emissions -- adverse effects KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69667607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+risks+posed+by+combustor+emissions.&rft.au=Rice%2C+G%3BSwartout%2C+J%3BBrady-Roberts%2C+E%3BReisman%2C+D%3BMahaffey%2C+K%3BLyon%2C+B&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term ambient ozone concentration and the incidence of asthma in nonsmoking adults: the AHSMOG Study. AN - 69652975; 10092402 AB - We conducted a prospective study of a cohort of 3091 nonsmokers, ages 27 to 87 years, to evaluate the association between long-term ambient ozone exposure and development of adult-onset asthma. Over a 15-year period, 3.2% of males and 4.3% of females reported new doctor diagnoses of asthma. For males, we observed a significant relationship between report of doctor diagnosis of asthma and 20-year mean 8-h average ambient ozone concentration (relative risk (RR)=2.09 for a 27 ppb increase in ozone concentration, 95% CI=1.03 to 4.16). We observed no such relationship for females. Other variables significantly related to development of asthma were a history of ever-smoking for males (RR=2.37, 95% CI=1.13 to 4.81), and for females, number of years worked with a smoker (RR=1.21 for a 7-year increment, 95% CI=1.04 to 1.39), age (RR=0.61 for a 16-year increment, 95% CI=0.44 to 0.84), and a history of childhood pneumonia or bronchitis (RR=2.96, 95% CI=1.68 to 5.03). Addition of other pollutants (PM10, SO4, NO2, and SO2) to the models did not diminish the relationship between ozone and asthma for males. These data suggest that long-term exposure to ambient ozone is associated with development of asthma in adult males. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Environmental research AU - McDonnell, W F AU - Abbey, D E AU - Nishino, N AU - Lebowitz, M D AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 110 EP - 121 VL - 80 IS - 2 Pt 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Prospective Studies KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69652975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Long-term+ambient+ozone+concentration+and+the+incidence+of+asthma+in+nonsmoking+adults%3A+the+AHSMOG+Study.&rft.au=McDonnell%2C+W+F%3BAbbey%2C+D+E%3BNishino%2C+N%3BLebowitz%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2+Pt+1&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of developmental period of lead exposure on long-term potentiation in the adult rat dentate gyrus in vivo. AN - 69645503; 10091859 AB - Previous work has demonstrated an increase in the threshold for induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus of animals chronically exposed to lead (Pb) from birth (Gilbert et al., 1996). The present study sought to extend these findings by evaluating the developmental periods critical for Pb-induced impairment of LTP. Rats were exposed to Pb through maternal milk and/or the drinking water over different developmental intervals: 1) beginning just prior to birth and continuing throughout life (PL); 2) beginning just prior to birth and terminating at weaning (PW); or 3) continuously from the early post-weaning period throughout life (WL). Pregnant dams received 0.2% Pb-acetate in the drinking water on gestational day (GD)16, with male offspring switched to the same solution (PL group) or tap water (PW group) at weaning on postnatal day (PND)21. Postweaning exposure began on PND30 and continued throughout life. As adults (PND130-210), field potentials evoked by perforant path stimulation were recorded in the dentate gyrus under urethane anesthesia, and an ascending series of stimulus trains was administered to induce LTP and to determine its threshold. The magnitude of population spike (PS) LTP was reduced relative to controls in animals exposed throughout life (PL) and in animals exposed after weaning (WL). No impairment in PS LTP was evident in animals removed from Pb at weaning and tested as adults (PW). Similarly, thresholds for induction of PS LTP were elevated relative to controls in the PL and WL groups, but were not affected by Pb exposure limited to the lactational period (PW). Reductions in the magnitude of LTP of the EPSP slope were evident in posttrain I/O functions in all Pb-exposed groups, including the PW group. An elevated LTP threshold was evident in the EPSP slope measure in the continuously exposed group (PL) only. Thus Pb exposure restricted to the lactational period appeared less disruptive to adult LTP in the dentate gyrus than continuous exposure beginning around birth or weaning. However, EPSP slope LTP was impaired in animals exposed to Pb for as little as 30 days in the early postnatal period. An attenuated ability to support neuroplastic change in synaptic function may contribute to cognitive deficits associated with Pb-induced toxicity. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Gilbert, M E AU - Mack, C M AU - Lasley, S M AD - National Research Council and Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gilbert.mary@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 57 EP - 69 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Suckling -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Neurons, Afferent -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Electric Stimulation KW - Male KW - Female KW - Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials -- physiology KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Dentate Gyrus -- drug effects KW - Lead -- toxicity KW - Long-Term Potentiation -- drug effects KW - Dentate Gyrus -- growth & development KW - Dentate Gyrus -- physiology KW - Lead -- pharmacokinetics KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69645503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+developmental+period+of+lead+exposure+on+long-term+potentiation+in+the+adult+rat+dentate+gyrus+in+vivo.&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+M+E%3BMack%2C+C+M%3BLasley%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic developmental lead exposure and hippocampal long-term potentiation: biphasic dose-response relationship. AN - 69643681; 10091860 AB - Developmental exposure to lead (Pb) has long been associated with reductions in intellectual function in children and behavioral impairments in animal models of learning and memory. We have used long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus of the Pb-exposed rats to determine the potential of a reduced capacity for synaptic plasticity to contribute to Pb-induced cognitive dysfunction. Previous work demonstrated that developmental exposure resulting in moderate blood concentrations of Pb increase the threshold for induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus in vivo. These findings were also suggestive of reductions in LTP magnitude (Gilbert et al., 1996). The present study was designed to further examine the effects of Pb on LTP magnitude and to determine if lower blood Pb levels commonly encountered in children are also effective in impairing synaptic plasticity in this rodent model. Pregnant dams were exposed to control tap water or 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0% Pb-acetate in the drinking water beginning just prior to parturition (gestational day 16, GD16). Male offspring were weaned at 21 days of age (PN21) to the same solution given their dams and continued on this regimen until testing. As adults, animals were anesthetized with urethane and stimulating and recording electrodes placed in the perforant path and dentate gyrus, respectively. Post-train I/O functions taken 1 hour after delivery of a series of six high frequency (400Hz) trains revealed a reduced capacity for LTP of the PS amplitude and EPSP slope in Pb-exposed animals in all but the 1.0% group, indicative of a biphasic dose-effect relationship. The 1.0% Pb exposure was clearly less effective than the lower exposure levels in reducing LTP magnitude, and did not differ significantly from control values. The mechanisms underlying the reduced efficacy of higher exposure levels of Pb to impair LTP are not clear. Blood (26-117 microg/dl) and brain (220-1812 ng/g tissue) concentrations of Pb were elevated as a function of increasing exposure (0.1%-1.0%) and cannot readily account for the lack of an effect in the 1.0% group on LTP. We have observed a similar profile in hippocampal glutamate release employing a similar range of exposure levels, i.e., reduction of glutamate release that is absent at higher concentrations of Pb in the drinking water (Lasley et al., 1998). These and previously reported data suggest that the ability of Pb to diminish presynaptic transmitter release contributes to a reduced capacity for LTP at lower exposure levels. The reversal of the effect of Pb on glutamate release that accompanies higher exposure levels may serve to compensate for the mechanism underlying the LTP impairment and form the basis for the biphasic dose-response pattern seen with chronic developmental exposure. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Gilbert, M E AU - Mack, C M AU - Lasley, S M AD - National Research Council and Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gilbert.mary@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 71 EP - 82 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Entorhinal Cortex -- cytology KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Electric Stimulation KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Perforant Pathway -- drug effects KW - Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials -- drug effects KW - Entorhinal Cortex -- drug effects KW - Perforant Pathway -- cytology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Hippocampus -- physiology KW - Lead -- toxicity KW - Long-Term Potentiation -- drug effects KW - Lead -- administration & dosage KW - Lead -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69643681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Chronic+developmental+lead+exposure+and+hippocampal+long-term+potentiation%3A+biphasic+dose-response+relationship.&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+M+E%3BMack%2C+C+M%3BLasley%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative effects of ammonium and nitrate compounds on Pacific treefrog and African clawed frog embryos. AN - 69556843; 9888966 AB - The effects of ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and sodium nitrate on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) and African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos were determined in static-renewal tests. The 10-day LC50s for the three ammonium compounds for P. regilla ranged from 25.0-32. 4 mg/L NH4 -N. The 10-day sodium nitrate LC50 for P. regilla was 578. 0 mg/L NO3-N. LC50s for X. laevis exposed for 4 or 5 days to the three ammonium compounds ranged from 27.5-60.2 mg/L NH4-N. The sodium nitrate LC50 for X. laevis ranged from 438.4-871.6 mg/L NO3-N. The lowest LOAEL based on length or weight was 6.1 mg/L NH4-N for the two species. The lowest LOAELs for NO3-N were 111.1 mg/L for P. regilla and 56.7 mg/L for X. laevis. Calculated unionized NH3 comprised 0.5-1.8% of measured NH4-N concentrations. Potential harm to amphibian populations could occur if NH4-N and NO3-N in agricultural runoff or drainage impacts sensitive life stages for a sufficiently long period. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Nebeker, A V AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 S.W. 35th St., Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 200 EP - 206 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Nitrates KW - 0 KW - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Male KW - Female KW - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds -- toxicity KW - Anura -- embryology KW - Nitrates -- toxicity KW - Xenopus laevis -- embryology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69556843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparative+effects+of+ammonium+and+nitrate+compounds+on+Pacific+treefrog+and+African+clawed+frog+embryos.&rft.au=Schuytema%2C+G+S%3BNebeker%2C+A+V&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular probe techniques for the identification of reductants in sediments; evidence for reduction of 2-chloroacetophenone by hydride transfer AN - 52278158; 2001-005987 JF - Environmental Science & Technology, ES & T AU - Smolen, Jean M AU - Weber, Eric J AU - Tratnyek, Paul G Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 440 EP - 445 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - electron transfer KW - pollution KW - fresh-water environment KW - enzymes KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - chemical reactions KW - mass balance KW - agrochemicals KW - sediments KW - lacustrine environment KW - anaerobic environment KW - reduction KW - ion exchange KW - transformations KW - proteins KW - kinetics KW - aquatic environment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52278158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.atitle=Molecular+probe+techniques+for+the+identification+of+reductants+in+sediments%3B+evidence+for+reduction+of+2-chloroacetophenone+by+hydride+transfer&rft.au=Smolen%2C+Jean+M%3BWeber%2C+Eric+J%3BTratnyek%2C+Paul+G&rft.aulast=Smolen&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/journals/esthag/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTHAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; anaerobic environment; aquatic environment; chemical reactions; detection; electron transfer; enzymes; fresh-water environment; ion exchange; kinetics; lacustrine environment; mass balance; organic compounds; pollution; proteins; reduction; sediments; transformations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transport of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain P17 through quartz sand columns as a function of water content AN - 51027170; 1999-023322 AB - Porous media column experiments were used to investigate Pseudomonas fluorescens strain P17 transport as a function of water content and the influences of the solid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces. Retention of radiolabeled P17 in washed quartz sand was evaluated at 100, 84, and 46% water saturation. At the completion of each experiment, the porous medium was extruded and sampled directly for cell retention on the basis of a radiolabel mass balance. Maximum cell retention occurred in the top centimeter of porous media at all three water contents and decreased with depth in the column. The total fraction of cells retained (R (sub t) ) was inversely proportional to water content, with nearly twice the cell retention at 46% saturation (R (sub t) = 0.95) compared to retention in 100% water-saturated experiments (R (sub t) = 0.50). Total retained cells were further divided into strongly and weakly attached fractions by settling a sample of the porous medium through groundwater to dislodge loosely adhering cells. Cells that became suspended in the solution represented the fraction retained at the gas-liquid interface or weakly attached to the solid-liquid interface (R (sub g) ). Those that remained attached to the porous medium were defined as cells strongly attached to the solid-liquid interface (R (sub s) ). Values of R (sub g) /R (sub t) were inversely related to water content, while R (sub s) /R (sub t) decreased with decreasing saturation. Bacteria thus preferentially accumulated at the gas-liquid interface with total cell removal inversely proportional to water content. The increased retention of bacteria at the gas-liquid interface indicates the presence of the interface is an important factor in limiting pathogen migration, evaluating biocolloid-facilitated transport of pollutants, and developing bioremediation strategies for unsaturated porous media. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Jewett, David G AU - Logan, Bruce E AU - Arnold, Robert G AU - Bales, Roger C Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 73 EP - 89 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 36 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - sediment-water interface KW - waste water KW - pollution KW - Pseudomonas KW - porous materials KW - migration of elements KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - saturation KW - mass balance KW - bacteria KW - tracers KW - retention KW - soil-water balance KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51027170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Transport+of+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+strain+P17+through+quartz+sand+columns+as+a+function+of+water+content&rft.au=Jewett%2C+David+G%3BLogan%2C+Bruce+E%3BArnold%2C+Robert+G%3BBales%2C+Roger+C&rft.aulast=Jewett&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01697722 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; bioremediation; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; mass balance; migration of elements; pollution; porous materials; Pseudomonas; remediation; retention; saturation; sediment-water interface; soil-water balance; tracers; waste water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Maintaining Healthy Ocean Ecosystems AN - 19425503; 4504532 AB - As many of you know, 1998 was designated the Year of the Ocean (YOTO) worldwide. This designation was made to recognize the crucial role oceans play in our lives and the importance of maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems. Despite our need for healthy ocean and coastal resources, much that we do has negative impacts on these resources. For example, it has been estimated that approximately one-third of our valuable estuarine and coastal waters are not safe for fishing or swimming, primarily due to nutrients and bacteria resulting from urban and agricultural runoff and from municipal wastewater discharges. Other factors contributing to the degradation of ocean and coastal waters include overfishing, introduction of invasive species, population growth pressures, alteration of freshwater inflow, loss of habitat, and contamination from waterborne and airborne toxic chemicals. JF - Sea Technology AU - Fox, J C AD - Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 53 EP - 56 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0093-3651, 0093-3651 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Resource management KW - Ecosystems KW - Coastal waters KW - Environmental protection KW - Ocean policy KW - EPA KW - Marine resources KW - Marine pollution KW - Marine environment KW - Oceans KW - USA Coasts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - Q2 02183:Physics and chemistry KW - Q5 01501:General KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19425503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sea+Technology&rft.atitle=U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%3A+Maintaining+Healthy+Ocean+Ecosystems&rft.au=Fox%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sea+Technology&rft.issn=00933651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine resources; Resource management; Marine pollution; Ocean policy; Environmental protection; EPA; Ecosystems; Marine environment; Oceans; Coastal waters; USA Coasts; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Keeping pristine lakes clean: Loughs Conn and Mask, western Ireland AN - 17377244; 4599292 AB - The large western Irish lakes are natural salmonid lakes and a unique ecological resource. Lough Mask (82 km super(2)) and Lough Conn (50 km super(2)), Co. Mayo, are among the finest, natural, wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) fisheries in Europe. Recently, however, threats have arisen to water quality in Lough Conn as a result of agricultural intensification. A doubling of phosphorus (P) inputs to Lough Conn for the period 1980 to 1990 caused a number of ecological changes such as an apparent increase in littoral algal production; while arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) have also disappeared from the lake over the same period of time. The changes in Lough Conn appear to represent an early phase in the eutrophication process. The western Irish lakes represent a super-sensitive ecological category requiring particularly strict catchment controls in order to protect the diversity of native flora and fauna including unusual glacial relict species and the unique genetic strains of fish which are present. Catchment management committees were established in order to study and reverse the perceived early-stage eutrophication problem in Lough Conn and in order to prevent the occurrence of similar problems in the case of Lough Mask. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - McGarrigle, M L AU - Champ, W S AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Castlebar, Co. Mayo, Ireland Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 455 EP - 470 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 395/396 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Arctic char KW - Brown trout KW - Eire KW - Ireland KW - Ireland, Lough Conn KW - Ireland, Lough Mask KW - Salmo trutta KW - Salvelinus alpinus KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Management KW - Eutrophication KW - Phosphorus KW - Fishery resources KW - Lakes KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - Water Quality Control KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Algae KW - Water quality control KW - Salmon fisheries KW - Trout KW - Species diversity KW - Catchments KW - charr KW - Environment management KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17377244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Keeping+pristine+lakes+clean%3A+Loughs+Conn+and+Mask%2C+western+Ireland&rft.au=McGarrigle%2C+M+L%3BChamp%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=McGarrigle&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=395%2F396&rft.issue=&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Salmon fisheries; Fishery management; Eutrophication; Agricultural runoff; Fishery resources; Lakes; Management; Species diversity; Fisheries; Catchments; Phosphorus; Environment management; Agriculture; Trout; charr; Water Quality Control; Algae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The management of hypertrophic lochs: case studies in southwest Scotland AN - 17375853; 4599278 AB - This paper considers the range of management techniques which are currently available for the remediation of eutrophic lakes, with respect to two lochs within southwest Scotland. Preliminary studies of sources of nutrients identified the need for the development of different management prescriptions for each. Such studies will ensure that the management is tailored to meet the specific needs of the site. The two lochs, Carlingwark Loch at Castle Douglas and Castle Loch at Lochmaben, both support algal blooms but have different nutrient sources. Carlingwark Loch appears to be receiving large quantities of nutrients from the surrounding catchment, whereas Castle Loch shows a net loss of nutrients over its surface inflows, indicating release from the sediments and/or input from overwintering wildfowl. In these cases, if preliminary studies had not been undertaken, the management programmes developed may not have used the most effective control measures. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Naysmith, F H AD - Scottish Environmental Protection Agency, Rivers House, Irongray Road, Dumfries DG2 0JE, U.K. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 293 EP - 308 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 395/396 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - British Isles, Scotland KW - British Isles, Scotland, Castle Douglas, Carlingwark L. KW - British Isles, Scotland, Lochmaben, Castle L. KW - hypertrophic environments KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Algal blooms KW - Management KW - Baseline Studies KW - Eutrophication KW - Case Studies KW - Nutrient loading KW - Eutrophic lakes KW - Lake Restoration KW - Nutrients KW - Eutrophic Lakes KW - Restoration KW - Lakes KW - Baseline studies KW - British Isles, Scotland, Dumfries and Galloway, Castle Douglas, Carlingwark L. KW - Water management KW - Remediation KW - Ecosystem management KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Nutrient loss KW - Pollution control KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17375853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=The+management+of+hypertrophic+lochs%3A+case+studies+in+southwest+Scotland&rft.au=Naysmith%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Naysmith&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=395%2F396&rft.issue=&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Algal blooms; Baseline studies; Eutrophic lakes; Ecosystem management; Nutrients (mineral); Pollution control; Restoration; Lakes; Management; Nutrient loading; Water management; Eutrophication; Remediation; Nutrient loss; Baseline Studies; Case Studies; Lake Restoration; Nutrients; Eutrophic Lakes; British Isles, Scotland, Dumfries and Galloway, Castle Douglas, Carlingwark L. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing relative risks to aquatic ecosystems: a mid-Appalachian case study AN - 17359088; 4566616 AB - Aquatic monitoring aims to assess the condition of aquatic habitats and biota. To make statements about condition, the range of human activities and the risks they pose to aquatic ecosystems must be identified. Assessing relative risk and placing sample sites on a human disturbance gradient is necessary for interpreting biological response and distinguishing human disturbance from natural controls in aquatic systems. We describe a process that uses readily available sources, such as topographic maps, aerial photographs, and field information, to identify and prioritize stream reach and watershed stressors for 102 streams in the mid-Appalachian region of the United States. All perceptible human alterations to riparian and upland areas along with their number, type, intensity, and extent of impact were recorded and ranked; a relative risk index was developed to assign scores to the watersheds. The resulting risk index scores were consistent with measures of stream condition based on water chemistry and benthic macroinvertebrates. The risk index gives a cost-effective, regional picture of the relative risk of impairment to aquatic ecosystems in the mid-Appalachian region of the USA and could be modified for other regions or ecosystem types. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bryce, SA AU - Larsen, D P AU - Hughes, R M AU - Kaufmann, PR AD - Dynamac Corp., 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, bryce@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 23 EP - 36 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Appalachian Mts. KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Hazard KW - Regional Analysis KW - Man-induced effects KW - Freshwater KW - Ecological Effects KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Water analysis KW - Risks KW - Ecology KW - Aquatic environments KW - Catchment areas KW - Invertebrata KW - Rivers KW - Habitat KW - Streams (in natural channels) KW - Aquatic environment KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Risk KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Aquatic Environment KW - Human factors KW - Zoobenthos KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17359088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Assessing+relative+risks+to+aquatic+ecosystems%3A+a+mid-Appalachian+case+study&rft.au=Bryce%2C+SA%3BLarsen%2C+D+P%3BHughes%2C+R+M%3BKaufmann%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Man-induced effects; Zoobenthos; Habitat; Watersheds; Water analysis; Risks; Ecosystem disturbance; Risk assessment; Human factors; Aquatic environment; Ecology; Hazard; Aquatic environments; Catchment areas; Streams (in natural channels); Risk; Regional Analysis; Aquatic Habitats; Aquatic Environment; Ecological Effects; Streams; Invertebrata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New technology for conducting radiation hazard assessments: the application of the underwater radiation spectral identification system (URSIS) at the Massachusetts Bay industrial waste (U.S.A.) AN - 17296743; 4527658 AB - The Underwater Radiation Spectral Identification System (URSIS) is a portable spectrometer used for the in situ detection of radioactivity in the marine environment. This paper reports on the first time application of this technology to assess, in a preliminary manner, the potential radiation threat to the public and environment at an aquatic disposal site - the Massachusetts Bay Industrial Waste Site (IWS). Utilizing the meneuvering capabilities of ROV and manned submersible vehicles, the URSIS was successfully positioned close (5-10 cm) to waste containers for a period sufficient to detect, in real time, the presence of radioactive materials. Spectral data from 45 individual targets indicated that the radionuclides present in sediments which draped or partially buried waste containers were consistent with natural background concentrations. No man-made radionuclides were detected at any of the target or background measurement locations. These data support the conclusion that low-level radiation does not pose an imminent and widespread human health or ecological threat in Massachusetts Bay. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Keith, D J AU - Colton, D AU - Lindsay, J AU - Louft, H AU - Stewart, L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett RI 02882, USA, darrylpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 259 EP - 282 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - URSIS KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - USA, Massachusetts Bay KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Public health KW - Hazards KW - Sewage disposal KW - Marine sediments KW - Industrial wastes KW - Radiation KW - Marine environment KW - Waste disposal KW - Spectrometers KW - Bays KW - Spectrophotometers KW - Marine KW - Spectral analysis KW - Pollutant identification KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Bay KW - Analytical techniques KW - Radioisotopes KW - O 4095:Instruments/Methods KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17296743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=New+technology+for+conducting+radiation+hazard+assessments%3A+the+application+of+the+underwater+radiation+spectral+identification+system+%28URSIS%29+at+the+Massachusetts+Bay+industrial+waste+%28U.S.A.%29&rft.au=Keith%2C+D+J%3BColton%2C+D%3BLindsay%2C+J%3BLouft%2C+H%3BStewart%2C+L&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005998211691 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Spectral analysis; Pollutant identification; Public health; Sewage disposal; Hazards; Industrial wastes; Marine environment; Analytical techniques; Radioisotopes; Waste disposal; Spectrophotometers; Bays; Radiation; Marine sediments; Spectrometers; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Bay; USA, Massachusetts Bay; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005998211691 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A field study to compare performance of stainless steel research monitoring wells with existing on-farm drinking water wells in measuring pesticide and nitrate concentrations AN - 17213857; 4500287 AB - Existing drinking water wells are widely used for the collection of ground water samples to evaluate chemical contamination. A well comparison study was conducted to compare pesticide and nitrate-N data from specially designed stainless steel research monitoring wells with data from nearby existing on-farm drinking water wells. Results could help to determine whether adequate information concerning ground water contamination can be obtained from existing drinking water wells for use in making pollutant control decisions. The study was conducted during 1993-1994 in the Little Coharie Watershed, a 158 square mile area located in the coastal plain of eastern North Carolina. Statistical analysis indicated that research monitoring wells provided a greater probability of detecting pesticides in ground water than existing on-farm wells. Atrazine was the most frequently detected pesticide found in all wells, followed in order by fluometuron, carbofuran, metolachlor, alachlor, carbaryl, butylate, chlorothalonil, linuron and simazine. Ninety-seven percent of all wells had observed concentrations of nitrate-N, ranging from 0.1 to 30.1 mg/L. There was not a significant difference between research wells and existing wells for monitoring nitrate-N. Based on results of this study, existing drinking water wells can be used for monitoring nitrate; however, specialized stainless steel monitoring wells should be used for monitoring pesticides in ground water. JF - Chemosphere AU - Smith, C N AU - Payne, WR Jr AU - Pope, JD Jr AU - Winkie, J H AU - Parrish, R S AD - Ecosystems Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA, 30605-2700, USA Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 875 EP - 889 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution detection KW - Nitrates KW - Agrochemicals KW - Public health KW - Wells KW - Pesticides KW - Atrazine KW - Water wells KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Steel KW - Drinking water KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17213857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=A+field+study+to+compare+performance+of+stainless+steel+research+monitoring+wells+with+existing+on-farm+drinking+water+wells+in+measuring+pesticide+and+nitrate+concentrations&rft.au=Smith%2C+C+N%3BPayne%2C+WR+Jr%3BPope%2C+JD+Jr%3BWinkie%2C+J+H%3BParrish%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution detection; Nitrates; Wells; Atrazine; Pesticides; Groundwater pollution; Water wells; Steel; Drinking water; Agrochemicals; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhalation Health Risk Assessment of MMT AN - 17183212; 4478331 JF - Environmental Research AU - Davis, J M AU - Jarabek, A M AU - Mage, D T AU - Graham, JA AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 27711, North Carolina Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 103 EP - 104 PB - Academic Press VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - MMT KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Inhalation KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17183212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Inhalation+Health+Risk+Assessment+of+MMT&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+M%3BJarabek%2C+A+M%3BMage%2C+D+T%3BGraham%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Maternal Influence on Teratogenicity: An Assessment of Developmental Toxicity Studies for the Herbicide Cyanazine AN - 17178746; 4475378 AB - The contribution of maternal toxicity to the teratogenic effects of the herbicide cyanazine has been assessed to determine whether it may be a hazard to development. Eye defects such as anophthalmia and microphthalmia were observed in rat fetuses and pups. Maternal toxicity was determined from body weight data and clinical signs. Two approaches were used. First, the timing of maternal toxicity was correlated with the specific period of gestation during which the observed fetal defect was most likely to have occurred. Second, individual dams, as well as mean values for each group, were evaluated. The data at the individual level, i.e., in dams with affected litters, did not support conclusions based on the group means. Instead, it is suggested that the developmental effects were not a direct result of maternal toxicity of cyanazine. Data from a rabbit developmental toxicity study supported the findings from the Fischer 344 rat studies. The strategy employed may thus enable direct toxicity to the fetus to be distinguished from developmental toxicity arising as a secondary consequence of maternal toxicity. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Iyer, P AU - Gammon, D AU - Gee, J AU - Pfeifer, K AD - Medical Toxicology Branch, California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal-EPA), Sacramento, 95814, California Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 88 EP - 95 PB - Academic Press VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - cyanazine KW - development KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Maternal effects KW - Herbicides KW - Teratogenicity KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Maternal+Influence+on+Teratogenicity%3A+An+Assessment+of+Developmental+Toxicity+Studies+for+the+Herbicide+Cyanazine&rft.au=Iyer%2C+P%3BGammon%2C+D%3BGee%2C+J%3BPfeifer%2C+K&rft.aulast=Iyer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Teratogenicity; Herbicides; Maternal effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of Dermal Absorption Using the Exponential Saturation Model AN - 17177134; 4475374 AB - Estimates of dermal absorption are used in exposure assessment to calculate the internal dose of persons contacting pesticides and are a critical part of risk assessments. An exponential saturation model with lag time was validated against a classic dermal absorption study of 12 pesticides administered to human volunteers. The model gave dermal absorption estimates consistent with reported values in the literature. Moreover, this model gave more realistic estimates of the percentage of dermal absorption for some pesticides, which have special properties. In most submitted dermal absorption studies in animals, especially rats, "bound" skin residues (BSR) at treated skin sites were generally high when animals were sacrificed more than 24 h after the dose was administered. The direct addition of the total BSR as an absorbed dose would likely overestimate actual dermal absorption. From a well-conducted dermal absorption study, this model can be utilized to estimate maximum excretion of the administered dermal dose as a result of further absorption of bioavailable BSR. Resulting dermal absorption estimates are appropriate for regulatory purposes in the risk assessment of pesticides because they take into account the bioavailability of BSR while at the same time the estimates are not overly conservative. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Thongsinthusak, T AU - Ross, J H AU - Saiz, S G AU - Krieger, R I AD - Department of Pesticide Regulation, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, 95814, California, tthongsinthusak@cdpr.ca.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 37 EP - 43 PB - Academic Press VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - dermal absorption KW - exponential saturation model KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Skin KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Pesticides KW - Models KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17177134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+Dermal+Absorption+Using+the+Exponential+Saturation+Model&rft.au=Thongsinthusak%2C+T%3BRoss%2C+J+H%3BSaiz%2C+S+G%3BKrieger%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Thongsinthusak&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Models; Bioaccumulation; Risk assessment; Skin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biopedturbation by mammals in deserts: a review AN - 17176914; 4475336 AB - Disturbance-caused patchiness is important for development and maintenance of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in ecosystems. Mammals are important agents of biopedturbation (soil disturbance by organisms) which is a major source of patchiness in arid ecosystems. The contribution of soil disturbance by mammals to heterogeneity is a function of the size and longevity of the soil disturbance. Foraging pits produced by a variety of mammals are relatively short-lived features that trap plant litter and seeds that are rapidly buried. These form nutrient-rich germination sites. High water infiltration rates, a low bulk density rooting environment, and frequently increased soil nutrient content (especially mounds of central-place foragers and larder-hoarders) characterize warren complexes. Productivity tends to be higher on these mounds and the vegetation tends to differ in composition and richness from the surrounding areas. Soil ejected from fossorial mammal burrow systems is generally of low bulk density, erodes readily, and varies greatly with respect to concentration of nutrients and organic matter depending upon the species and landscape in which the species lives. The variability in soil properties of fossorial burrow system ejecta mounds precludes generalizations about the effects of these disturbances on vegetation. Long-lived features such as Mima-like mounds and heuweltjies are nutrient-rich features that support high productivity and a distinct floral assemblage. There is a significant relationship between longevity of mammal soil disturbance and size of the disturbance: longevity in years=9.33 Area super(0.735). The data suggest that pedturbation by mammals can be an important force in pedogenesis, in structuring landscapes, and in maintaining heterogeneity in ecosystems. Data on mammalian pedturbation is based on scattered autecological studies. There is a need for long-term studies that focus on biopedturbation (soil disturbance by invertebrates and vertebrates) as a process at scales from the patch to the landscape. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Whitford, W G AU - Kay AD - US-EPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Las Vegas, 89193, NV, U.S.A. Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 203 EP - 230 PB - Academic Press VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Mammals KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Arid environments KW - Environmental impact KW - Mammalia KW - Patches KW - Disturbance KW - Digging behavior KW - D 04130:Arid zones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17176914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Biopedturbation+by+mammals+in+deserts%3A+a+review&rft.au=Whitford%2C+W+G%3BKay&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammalia; Arid environments; Environmental impact; Disturbance; Digging behavior; Patches ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of nonpolar resin for reduction of fluoranthene bioavailability in sediment AN - 17165903; 4469295 AB - The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Ambersorb registered 1500, a carbonaceous resin, for reducing the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment. Initial studies were conducted with a model PAH, fluoranthene, to determine how effective the resin would be at reducing fluoranthene concentrations in water and sediment pore water. Fluoranthene concentrations were reduced by more than 70% within 24 h when 0.1 g of unconditioned resin was added to 500-ml solutions containing 160 mu g/L fluoranthene. Within 48 h, concentrations decreased by more than 92%. Addition of Ambersorb to fluoranthene-spiked sediment showed similar reductions of fluoranthene concentrations in pore water. Based on these initial results, a 10-d bioaccumulation/toxicity experiment was conducted in which the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus was exposed to fluoranthene-spiked sediment with and without resin. Chemical analyses showed that sediment amended with resin had greatly diminished pore-water fluoranthene concentrations compared with sediment without resin. Proportional reductions in whole-body fluoranthene concentrations were observed in oligochaetes exposed to resin-amended sediments. As would be expected from enhancement of fluoranthene toxicity by ultraviolet light, organisms exposed to fluoranthene-spiked sediment exhibited significant mortality upon subsequent exposure to ultraviolet light. Consistent with their lower body burdens, organisms from resin-treated sediment lacked this sensitivity (100% survival). These experiments demonstrate that Ambersorb 1500 effectively reduces the bioavailability of fluoranthene in spiked sediment. Additional studies are needed to define the boundaries of the resin's effectiveness in influencing the bioavailability of other PAHs and nonpolar organic chemicals in spiked and field-contaminated sediments. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Kosian, P A AU - West, C W AU - Pasha AU - Cox, J S AU - Mount AU - Huggett, R J AU - Ankley, G T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA, kosian.patpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 201 EP - 206 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Ambersorb KW - Lumbriculus variegatus KW - Oligochaeta KW - fluoranthene KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pore water KW - Sediment contamination KW - Decontamination KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Pollutant removal KW - Sediment pollution KW - Resins KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Water pollution control KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Toxicity testing KW - Chemical analysis KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17165903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+nonpolar+resin+for+reduction+of+fluoranthene+bioavailability+in+sediment&rft.au=Kosian%2C+P+A%3BWest%2C+C+W%3BPasha%3BCox%2C+J+S%3BMount%3BHuggett%2C+R+J%3BAnkley%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Kosian&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Pore water; Pollutant removal; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Resins; Hydrocarbons; Decontamination; Toxicity; Water pollution control; Aromatic compounds; Bioaccumulation; Ultraviolet radiation; Chemical analysis; Toxicity testing; Sediment contamination; Water pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene to northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) AN - 17165143; 4469308 AB - Rana pipiens larvae (96-118 h old) were exposed for 48 h in a flow-through system to clean water or five concentrations (0.89, 2.18, 6.99, 12.0, and 30.6 mu g/L) of the phototoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluoranthene. Following this uptake period, the larvae were divided into four groups: one for immediate tissue residue analysis, a second for residue analysis following 48 h of depuration in clean water, and two for a 48-h exposure in clean water to ultraviolet (UV) light at two different levels. At the highest treatment, mean ( plus or minus SD) UVA (310-390 nm) intensity was 8.12 plus or minus 0.19 x 10 super(2) mu W/cm super(2), whereas at a lower treatment the UVA intensity was 4.45 plus or minus 0.05 x 10 super(2) mu W/cm super(2). Larval frogs bioaccumulated fluoranthene in direct proportion to the water exposure concentrations, with initial whole-body PAH concentrations of 1.48, 3.53, 4.85, 11.3, and 18.7 mu g/g at the five treatment levels. No mortality of the animals occurred during the 48-h uptake phase. When the frogs were placed in clean water, the fluoranthene was rapidly depurated, with up to 80% lost in 48 h. Exposure to UV light following fluoranthene exposure significantly enhanced toxicity of the PAH. Median time to death decreased as the product of UVA light intensity and fluoranthene body residue increased. For larval R. pipiens, sufficient tissue residues of fluoranthene were bioaccumulated within 48 h, at water exposure concentrations in the range of 2 to 10 mu g/L, to be lethal when combined with a UVA exposure simulating a fraction of summertime, midday sunlight in northern latitudes. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Monson, P D AU - Call, D J AU - Cox, DA AU - Liber, K AU - Ankley, G T AD - Lake Superior Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, WI 54880, USA, ankley.geraldpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 308 EP - 312 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Northern leopard frog KW - Rana pipiens KW - fluoranthene KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Phototoxicity KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Fluoranthene KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Amphibians KW - Larvae KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Photoinduction KW - Tissue analysis KW - Amphibia KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17165143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Photoinduced+toxicity+of+fluoranthene+to+northern+leopard+frogs+%28Rana+pipiens%29&rft.au=Monson%2C+P+D%3BCall%2C+D+J%3BCox%2C+DA%3BLiber%2C+K%3BAnkley%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Monson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phototoxicity; Fluoranthene; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Bioaccumulation; Hydrocarbons; Amphibians; Larvae; Photoinduction; Toxicity; Toxicity testing; Amphibia; Ultraviolet radiation; Tissue analysis; Water pollution effects; Rana pipiens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Ulva lactuca to distinguish pH-dependent toxicants in marine waters and sediments AN - 17161281; 4469296 AB - Ulva lactuca (sea lettuce) is a cosmopolitan marine attached green seaweed capable of sequestering high environmental levels of ammonia. Ammonia can be acutely toxic to marine organisms and is often found in dredged sediments from highly industrial areas or from areas with high carbon inputs. For the purposes of dredged sediment disposal as well as in determining causes of toxicity in complex mixtures, it is important to distinguish ammonia toxicity from the toxicity of other compounds. The use of U. lactuca to selectively remove ammonia from waters and sediments as part of a toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) procedure was evaluated. Ulva lactuca lowered concentrations of total ammonia from 75 to 17 mg/L in <8 h in water-only exposures. This treatment also reduced 48-h amphipod mortality from 75 to 20%. In whole sediments, U. lactuca lowered interstitial water concentrations of ammonia from 60 to 20 mg/L, while keeping overlying water concentrations below detectable limits (<1 mg/L). To determine the limitations of the U. lactuca method to selectively remove ammonia from solution, metal and organic accumulation experiments were performed. Ulva lactuca generally took up <15% of metals present, with most of the exposures resulting in less than a 10% uptake. In contrast, U. lactuca removed 77% of lindane and 95% of fluoranthene. Results of a TIE conducted on sediments from an industrial marine harbor indicated U. lactuca was useful, in conjunction with other procedures, in categorizing ammonia as a sediment toxicant. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Ho, Kay T AU - Kuhn, A AU - Pelletier, M C AU - Burgess, R M AU - Helmstetter, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Ecological Effects Research Laboratory, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, ho.kaypamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - Feb 1999 SP - 207 EP - 212 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Ulva lactuca KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - acute toxicity KW - Toxicants KW - Acute toxicity KW - Water pollution measurements KW - Water quality KW - Seaweeds KW - Algae KW - Pollutant removal KW - Mortality KW - Sediment pollution KW - Ammonia KW - Coastal waters KW - Pollutant identification KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Marine pollution KW - Dredging KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17161281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+Ulva+lactuca+to+distinguish+pH-dependent+toxicants+in+marine+waters+and+sediments&rft.au=Ho%2C+Kay+T%3BKuhn%2C+A%3BPelletier%2C+M+C%3BBurgess%2C+R+M%3BHelmstetter%2C+A&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=Kay&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Mortality; acute toxicity; Pollutant removal; Toxicants; Ammonia; Water pollution measurements; Pollutant identification; Water quality; Coastal waters; Bioaccumulation; Marine pollution; Dredging; Seaweeds; Algae; Acute toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishing a Regional Monitoring Strategy: The Pacific Northwest Forest Plan AN - 1671284867; 15625024 AB - Adaptive monitoring design is an iterative process that refines the specifications for monitoring over time as a result of experience in implementing a monitoring program, assessing results, and interacting with users. An adaptive design therefore facilitates ecosystem management. We also discuss lessons of temporal and spatial scales raised by the consideration of a design for ecosystem management. Three additional issues-integration of information from different sources, institutional infrastructure, and the roles of individuals working in an interagency setting-are also identified, but not developed in detail. JF - Environmental Management AU - Ringold, Paul L AU - Mulder, Barry AU - Alegria, Jim AU - Czaplewski, Raymond L AU - Tolle, Tim AU - Burnett, Kelly AD - Western Ecology Division National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development US Environmental Protection Agency 200 SW 35th Street Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA , US Y1 - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DA - February 1999 SP - 179 EP - 192 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Northwest KW - Management KW - Temporal logic KW - Ecosystems KW - Strategy KW - Forests KW - Monitoring KW - Specifications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671284867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Establishing+a+Regional+Monitoring+Strategy%3A+The+Pacific+Northwest+Forest+Plan&rft.au=Ringold%2C+Paul+L%3BMulder%2C+Barry%3BAlegria%2C+Jim%3BCzaplewski%2C+Raymond+L%3BTolle%2C+Tim%3BBurnett%2C+Kelly&rft.aulast=Ringold&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002679900178 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900178 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of nitrogen nutrition on responses of rice seedlings to carbon dioxide AN - 17209265; 4496782 AB - Global atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration is increasing, likely increasing the productivity of crops as higher CO sub(2) enhances plant photosynthesis. Responsiveness to nitrogen supply is an essential trait of modern rice cultivars, and may play a role in the response of rice cultivars to CO sub(2). To determine the relationship between these two important production variables on young rice plants, seedlings of Oryza sativa L. 'IR72' and 'KDML 105' were exposed for 28 days after sowing to CO sub(2) levels of 373, 545, 723 and 895 mu mol mol super(-1), and 3 levels of nitrogen fertility. There were large increases in leaf CO sub(2) assimilation and biomass production whereas leaf nitrogen concentration dropped sharply as CO sub(2) increased from 373 to 545 mu mol mol super(-1), with little additional effect from higher levels of CO sub(2). Root and shoot biomass, and tiller number per plant increased with increasing nitrogen supply and with increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration. The biomass response to CO sub(2) was slight at low N supply, but became dramatically greater as the N supply increased. Mean root/shoot ratio increased slightly as atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration increased, but decreased sharply as nitrogen fertility rate increased. These results suggest that careful attention to nitrogen fertilization will be necessary for rice farming to get the full benefit of any future increases in atmospheric CO sub(2). JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Weerakoon, WM AU - Olszyk, D M AU - Moss, D N AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, daveoail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/01/12/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 12 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 72 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - rice KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Fertilizers KW - Rice field aquaculture KW - Climatic changes KW - Oryza sativa KW - Limiting factors KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Q3 08585:Plant culture KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - Q1 08585:Plant culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17209265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Effects+of+nitrogen+nutrition+on+responses+of+rice+seedlings+to+carbon+dioxide&rft.au=Weerakoon%2C+WM%3BOlszyk%2C+D+M%3BMoss%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Weerakoon&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1999-01-12&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Rice field aquaculture; Climatic changes; Limiting factors; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen compounds; Oryza sativa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ants as indicators of exposure to environmental stressors in North American desert grasslands AN - 17247736; 4533172 AB - The relative abundance of ant species was measured by pit-fall trapping at 44 sites in southern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.. Sites were selected for study based on documentation of a history of disturbance or protection from disturbance, exposure to varying intensities of livestock grazing, dominance by an exotic species of plant and vegetation change resulting from disturbance or restoration efforts. Ant community composition, relative abundances of species, and species richness were the same on disturbed and undisturbed sites. None of the metrics based on hypothesized responses of ants to disturbance clearly distinguished between disturbed and undisturbed sites. Ant communities on sites where restoration efforts have resulted in distinct differences in vegetative cover and composition were similar to the ant communities on degraded unrehabilitated sites on the same soil type. Ant communities in riparian cottowood gallery forests in Arizona and New Mexico were similar but differed from the assemblages in exotic salt cedar and native ash riparian woodlands. Ant species exhibited remarkable resistance to human-induced disturbances in these rangeland areas. In grasslands dominated by the South African grass, Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees, large seed harvesting ants, Pogonomyrmex spp., were greatly reduced in abundance compared to native grasslands. Other ant metrics were not different in E. lehmanniana grasslands and native grasslands. We conclude that ants cannot be used as indicators of exposure to stress, ecosystem health or of rehabilitation success on rangeland ecosystems. Ants are also not useful indicators of faunal biodiversity in rangeland ecosystems. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Whitford, W G AU - Van Zee, J AU - Nash AU - Smith, W E AU - Herrick, JE AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Characterization Research Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89196, USA Y1 - 1999/01/11/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 11 SP - 143 EP - 171 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Ants KW - Formicidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - USA, Arizona KW - USA, New Mexico KW - environmental stress KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Eragrostis lehmanniana KW - Environmental stress KW - Bioindicators KW - Grasslands KW - Deserts KW - Indicator species KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17247736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Ants+as+indicators+of+exposure+to+environmental+stressors+in+North+American+desert+grasslands&rft.au=Whitford%2C+W+G%3BVan+Zee%2C+J%3BNash%3BSmith%2C+W+E%3BHerrick%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-11&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eragrostis lehmanniana; Formicidae; Grasslands; Environmental stress; Indicator species; Bioindicators; Deserts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geology, hydrology, and results of tracer testing in the Galena-Platteville Aquifer at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois AN - 742893424; 1999-061058 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Kay, Robert T AU - Yeskis, Douglas J AU - Prinos, Scott T AU - Morrow, William S AU - Vendl, Mark Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 49 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - petrology KW - Illinois KW - pollutants KW - pumping KW - halogens KW - geophysical methods KW - waste disposal sites KW - pollution KW - bromide ion KW - preferential flow KW - bromine KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - Galena-Platteville Aquifer KW - Ogle County Illinois KW - tracers KW - velocity KW - hydrodynamics KW - Byron Illinois KW - water wells KW - USGS KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742893424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Geology%2C+hydrology%2C+and+results+of+tracer+testing+in+the+Galena-Platteville+Aquifer+at+a+waste-disposal+site+near+Byron%2C+Illinois&rft.au=Kay%2C+Robert+T%3BYeskis%2C+Douglas+J%3BPrinos%2C+Scott+T%3BMorrow%2C+William+S%3BVendl%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Kay&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/djvu/OFR/1998/ofr_98_640.djvu https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sects., 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices; Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; bromide ion; bromine; Byron Illinois; Galena-Platteville Aquifer; geophysical methods; ground water; halogens; hydrodynamics; Illinois; Ogle County Illinois; permeability; petrology; pollutants; pollution; preferential flow; pumping; tracers; United States; USGS; velocity; waste disposal sites; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using confocal microscopy and the fluorescent indicator, 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium iodide, to measure changes in intracellular chloride. AN - 70792172; 10506989 JF - Methods in enzymology AU - Inglefield, J R AU - Schwartz-Bloom, R D AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 469 EP - 481 VL - 307 SN - 0076-6879, 0076-6879 KW - Chlorides KW - 0 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Quinolinium Compounds KW - 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium KW - 134907-10-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Intracellular Fluid -- chemistry KW - Hippocampus -- cytology KW - Cell Membrane Permeability KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Chlorides -- metabolism KW - Quinolinium Compounds -- metabolism KW - Microscopy, Confocal -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70792172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.atitle=Using+confocal+microscopy+and+the+fluorescent+indicator%2C+6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium+iodide%2C+to+measure+changes+in+intracellular+chloride.&rft.au=Inglefield%2C+J+R%3BSchwartz-Bloom%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Inglefield&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=307&rft.issue=&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+enzymology&rft.issn=00766879&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlative and mechanistic QSAR models in toxicology. AN - 70037326; 10491852 AB - An outline is provided on the development and use of correlative and mechanistic approaches to predictive toxicology, with particular emphasis on the experience at the U.S. EPA as applied to assessing the potential hazard posed by new industrial chemicals for which little or no test data are provided under the Toxic Substances Control Act. This information is presented with a historical perspective. JF - SAR and QSAR in environmental research AU - Lipnick, R L AD - Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 239 EP - 248 VL - 10 IS - 2-3 SN - 1062-936X, 1062-936X KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Structure-Activity Relationship UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70037326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAR+and+QSAR+in+environmental+research&rft.atitle=Correlative+and+mechanistic+QSAR+models+in+toxicology.&rft.au=Lipnick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Lipnick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SAR+and+QSAR+in+environmental+research&rft.issn=1062936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field potential recordings in dentate gyrus of anesthetized rats: stability of baseline. AN - 69880974; 10401642 AB - Urethane is a standard anesthetic utilized for in vivo recordings in the hippocampus. In studies of long-term potentiation (LTP), the measure of interest is the response amplitude minutes to hours following train delivery. In the absence of experimental treatment, we have consistently observed upward drift in the amplitude of the population spike (PS) and EPSP slope of the dentate gyrus (DG) evoked field response in acute surgical preparations performed in the urethanized rat. The present study systematically monitored PS amplitude and EPSP slope in the DG every 30 minutes for 6 hours following optimal positioning of Teflon-coated bipolar stainless steel electrodes under urethane anesthesia. At maximal stimulus intensities, large time-dependent increases in PS amplitude (70-80%) were observed over the first 2-4 hours, an effect that was exaggerated at lower stimulus intensities. Increases in the EPSP slope were smaller in magnitude (20-30%) and stabilized within a shorter period of time (1-2 hours). Animals were warmed on a heating pad and body and brain temperature remained constant over the recording session. Reducing stimulating electrode size and recording with glass micropipettes did not alleviate the upward drift in response amplitude. Similar increases were also seen under pentobarbital anesthesia. To dissociate anesthetic from surgical effects, recordings were obtained from animals previously prepared with indwelling electrodes and injected with urethane. Although slight declines (10-15%) in EPSP slope occurred over time, no significant alterations in PS amplitude were seen in the chronic preparation at high stimulus intensities. Low stimulus intensities yielded a more variable response pattern and, in direct contrast to the acute preparation, time-dependent declines, not increases, were noted in both parameters. These data suggest that generalized surgical trauma contributes to the upward drift in response amplitude and indicate that long stabilization periods are required in acute surgical preparations for accurate field potential recordings. JF - Hippocampus AU - Gilbert, M E AU - Mack, C M AD - Neurotoxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. gilbert.mary@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 277 EP - 287 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1050-9631, 1050-9631 KW - Anesthetics, Intravenous KW - 0 KW - Urethane KW - 3IN71E75Z5 KW - Pentobarbital KW - I4744080IR KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials -- drug effects KW - Electrodes, Implanted KW - Male KW - Dentate Gyrus -- drug effects KW - Long-Term Potentiation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69880974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hippocampus&rft.atitle=Field+potential+recordings+in+dentate+gyrus+of+anesthetized+rats%3A+stability+of+baseline.&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+M+E%3BMack%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hippocampus&rft.issn=10509631&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metals associated with both the water-soluble and insoluble fractions of an ambient air pollution particle catalyze an oxidative stress. AN - 69842945; 10380158 AB - One potential mechanism of injury mediated by air pollution particles is through metal-catalyzed oxidant generation. In one emission source particle, soluble metals have been associated with biological effect and toxicity. However, a majority of metals in ambient air pollution particles can be associated with insoluble components. We tested the hypothesis that concentrations of catalytically active metal in ambient air pollution particles are not equivalent to the concentrations of water-soluble metal. Twelve filters collected from the North Provo, UT, monitoring station were agitated in deionized water. Both the aqueous extract and pellet were isolated, lyophilized, and defined as the water-soluble and insoluble fractions, respectively. The fractions were chemically characterized and ionizable concentrations of metals were measured using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. While the water-soluble fraction had significantly greater concentrations of ionizable metals per unit mass, the insoluble fraction also had measurable quantities. In vitro oxidant generation by the two fractions, measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive-products of deoxyribose, corresponded to the concentrations of ionizable rather than total metals. The release of interleukin-8 by cultured respiratory epithelial cells after incubation with the two fractions also coincided with the ionizable metal concentrations. Finally, neutrophil influx and lavage protein levels 24 h after instillation of the two fractions in rats reflected the ionizable metal concentrations, in vitro oxidative stress, and mediator release. We conclude that catalytically active metals can be measured in both the soluble and insoluble fractions of an ambient air pollution particle. These metals corresponded to the biological activity of the two fractions. While in greater concentration in the water-soluble fraction, larger total quantities of catalytically and biologically active metals are likely to be associated with the insoluble fraction as a result of the abundance of the latter. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Ghio, A J AU - Stonehuerner, J AU - Dailey, L A AU - Carter, J D AD - CRB, HSD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 37 EP - 49 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-8 KW - Metals KW - Oxidants KW - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Solubility KW - Cell Count KW - Humans KW - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Bronchi -- cytology KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Oxidants -- chemistry KW - Bronchi -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-8 -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Catalysis KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Metals -- chemistry KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Air Pollutants -- chemistry KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69842945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Metals+associated+with+both+the+water-soluble+and+insoluble+fractions+of+an+ambient+air+pollution+particle+catalyze+an+oxidative+stress.&rft.au=Ghio%2C+A+J%3BStonehuerner%2C+J%3BDailey%2C+L+A%3BCarter%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Ghio&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2000-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-term tests for defining mutagenic carcinogens. AN - 69792295; 10353401 AB - The results of short-term tests for mutagenicity were first included in the IARC Monographs in the mid-1970s on the basis of the observation that most carcinogens are also mutagens, although not all mutagens are carcinogens. The experimental evidence at that time showed a strong correlation between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity and indicated that the short-term tests were useful for predicting carcinogenicity. Although the correlations have become weaker over the past 20 years, and with them the predictive value of short-term tests, such tests still provide vital information for identifying and understanding mechanisms involved in carcinogenicity. The results of short-term tests compiled in the US Environmental Protection Agency-IARC Genetic Activity Profile database over the past 12 years are summarized and reviewed here in relation to the classification of agents for carcinogenicity within the system used at IARC. The role of the information from short-term tests in making overall classifications of specific compounds in recent Monographs is discussed. The usefulness of data on three genetic end-points, gene mutation, chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy, and the criteria for mutagenicity and lack of mutagenicity based on a 'defining set' of test results are examined. Recommendations are made for assessing chemicals on the basis of the strength of the evidence from short-term tests, and the implications of this approach for identifying putative mutational mechanisms of carcinogenicity are discussed. JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Waters, M D AU - Stack, H F AU - Jackson, M A AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 499 EP - 536 IS - 146 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Aneuploidy KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Mutagens -- classification KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69792295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Short-term+tests+for+defining+mutagenic+carcinogens.&rft.au=Waters%2C+M+D%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BJackson%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=146&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of processing of heavy metal content of foods. AN - 69770768; 10335377 AB - Metals occur in all foodstuffs. Of particular concern is the presence of toxic metals, which include lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury. The toxic metal content of foods is influenced by many factors ranging from environmental conditions during growth to post-harvest handling, processing, preparation and cooking techniques. For example, metal content increases in some commodities grown in contaminated soils or atmospheres while post-harvest handling steps such as washing generally remove metal contaminants. Cooking may reduce metal content although some foods can absorb metals if the cooking water is contaminated. Metals used in food processing equipment or food packaging material may contribute to food contamination. Contamination may also occur during kitchen preparation and storage. This paper will review the effects of processing of foods on toxic metal content. A broad interpretation of processing, to include aspects of food production from growth through cooking, will be taken in discussing the toxic metal content of foods. Specific examples of changes in metal content due to processing will be discussed. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Morgan, J N AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 195 EP - 211 VL - 459 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Metals, Heavy KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Arsenic -- adverse effects KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Cadmium -- metabolism KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Mercury -- metabolism KW - Mercury -- adverse effects KW - Arsenic -- metabolism KW - Cadmium -- analysis KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Lead -- metabolism KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Metals, Heavy -- metabolism KW - Food Handling KW - Food Contamination KW - Metals, Heavy -- analysis KW - Metals, Heavy -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69770768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+processing+of+heavy+metal+content+of+foods.&rft.au=Morgan%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=459&rft.issue=&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility of micronucleus methods for monitoring genetic damage in two feral species of small mammals. AN - 69761421; 10334624 AB - Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) and Cryptotis parva (least shrew) possess desirable attributes for biomonitoring contamination of terrestrial ecosystems, but few studies have examined the potential use of these species for monitoring exposure to genotoxic contaminants. The susceptibility of laboratory-reared C. parva, P. leucopus, and Mus musculus (house mouse, strain CD-1) to micronucleus (MN) induction by known clastogens was evaluated. Animals were exposed for 24 hr to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg), 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO; 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg), or mercuric chloride (HgCl2; 6, 12, and 24 mg/kg). Both MMS and 4-NQO induced dose-related increases in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in all three species, whereas HgCl2 induced a weak response only in P. leucopus. P. leucopus and C. parva were more sensitive than M. musculus to MMS. Similar micronucleus responses to 4-NQO were seen in each of the species. The feasibility of using blood for MN assessment was evaluated by comparing MN frequencies in bone marrow (BM) PCE, and blood PCE and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) in untreated animals, and following daily treatment for 1, 2, 3, and 10 days with 0.4 mg/kg triethylenemelamine (TEM). The results indicated that micronucleated erythrocytes were removed from the circulating blood in P. leucopus, but not in C. parva. Measurement of BM and blood MN levels appears feasible for monitoring exposure to genotoxic agents in C. parva and P. leucopus, and for distinguishing between acute and chronic exposure in C. parva. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Meier, J R AU - Wernsing, P AU - Torsella, J AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 219 EP - 225 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Mercuric Chloride KW - 53GH7MZT1R KW - 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide KW - 56-57-5 KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate KW - AT5C31J09G KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- drug effects KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Mercuric Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Erythrocytes -- metabolism KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate -- pharmacology KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide -- pharmacology KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- metabolism KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Peromyscus -- blood KW - Micronucleus Tests -- methods KW - Shrews -- genetics KW - Shrews -- blood KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Peromyscus -- genetics KW - DNA Damage -- genetics KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69761421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Feasibility+of+micronucleus+methods+for+monitoring+genetic+damage+in+two+feral+species+of+small+mammals.&rft.au=Meier%2C+J+R%3BWernsing%2C+P%3BTorsella%2C+J&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A preliminary statistical examination of the effects of uncertainty and variability on environmental regulatory criteria for ozone. AN - 69741107; 10231828 AB - Basing the quantitative expression of environmental regulatory standards and associated compliance criteria on statistical principles has recently received attention in Europe, most visibly in a study by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. These issues are timely for consideration in the USA, where a recent periodic review of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) has led to revision of the regulatory standards for ambient ozone and particulate matter. Salient statistical issues include accounting for errors of the first and second kind due to sampling and measurement error. These issues appear routine statistically and also may seem absent from regulations, but neither is necessarily the case. This paper is directed towards developing a methodology for examining the problem of dealing with uncertainty and variation in environmental regulations and compliance criteria. Our approach is illustrated through statistical analysis of the (old) 1 hour and the (new) 8 hour standards for ambient ozone, based on intensive monitoring in California's San Joaquin Valley during summer 1990 performed under the SARMAP Project. This paper presents preliminary findings based on quantifying measurement error or precision in terms of small-scale spatial and temporal variability, laying the groundwork for future work. JF - Novartis Foundation symposium AU - Cox, L H AU - Guttorp, P AU - Sampson, P D AU - Caccia, D C AU - Thompson, M L AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory (MD-75), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 122 EP - 38; discussion 138-43 VL - 220 SN - 1528-2511, 1528-2511 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Air Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Air Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69741107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novartis+Foundation+symposium&rft.atitle=A+preliminary+statistical+examination+of+the+effects+of+uncertainty+and+variability+on+environmental+regulatory+criteria+for+ozone.&rft.au=Cox%2C+L+H%3BGuttorp%2C+P%3BSampson%2C+P+D%3BCaccia%2C+D+C%3BThompson%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=220&rft.issue=&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Novartis+Foundation+symposium&rft.issn=15282511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1999-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental antiandrogens: low doses of the fungicide vinclozolin alter sexual differentiation of the male rat. AN - 69671743; 10188191 AB - In humans and rodents, exposure to antiandrogenic chemicals during sexual differentiation can produce malformations of the reproductive tract. Perinatal administration of 100 or 200 mg vinclozolin (V) kg-1 day-1 during sexual differentiation in rats induces female-like anogenital distance (AGD), retained nipples, cleft phallus with hypospadias, suprainguinal ectopic scrota/testes, a vaginal pouch, epididymal granulomas, and small to absent sex accessory glands in male offspring. Vinclozolin is metabolized to at least two active forms, M1 and M2, that display antiandrogenic activity by binding the androgen receptor (AR). Here, we present information on the reproductive effects of oral treatment with low dosage levels of V during sexual differentiation of the male rat. Vinclozolin was administered to the dam at 0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg kg-1 day-1 from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 3 (the period of fetal/neonatal testicular testosterone synthesis and sexual differentiation). At doses of 3.125 mg V kg-1 and above, AGD was significantly reduced in newborn male offspring and the incidence of areolas was increased. These effects were associated with permanent alterations in other androgen-dependent tissues. Ventral prostate weight in one year old male offspring was reduced in all treatment groups (significant at 6.25, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg-1 day-1), and permanent nipples were detected in males at 3.125 (1.4%), 6.25 (3.6%), 12.5 (3.9%), 25 (8.5%), 50 (91%), and 100 (100%) mg V kg-1 day-1. To date, permanent nipples have not been observed in a control male from any study in our laboratory. Vinclozolin treatment at 50 and 100 mg kg-1 day-1 induced reproductive tract malformations and reduced ejaculated sperm numbers and fertility. Even though all of the effects of V likely result from the same initial event (AR binding), the different endpoints displayed a wide variety of dose-response curves and ED50's. The dose-response data for several of the functional endpoints failed to display an obvious threshold. These data demonstrate that V produces subtle alterations in sexual differentiation of the external genitalia, ventral prostate, and nipple tissue in male rat offspring at dosage levels below the previously described no-observed-effect-level (NOEL). These effects occur at a dosage level an order of magnitude below that required to induce malformations and reduce fertility. Hence, multigenerational reproduction studies of antiandrogenic chemicals that were not conducted under the Environmental Protection Agency's new Harmonized Multigenerational Test Guidelines, which include endpoints sensitive to antiandrogens at low dosage levels, could yield a NOEL that is at least an order of magnitude too high. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Gray, L E AU - Ostby, J AU - Monosson, E AU - Kelce, W R AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 48 EP - 64 VL - 15 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Oxazoles KW - vinclozolin KW - JJ258EZN1I KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Nipples -- growth & development KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Nipples -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Prostate -- drug effects KW - Prostate -- growth & development KW - Oxazoles -- pharmacology KW - Genitalia, Male -- drug effects KW - Genitalia, Male -- growth & development KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Oxazoles -- toxicity KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69671743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Environmental+antiandrogens%3A+low+doses+of+the+fungicide+vinclozolin+alter+sexual+differentiation+of+the+male+rat.&rft.au=Gray%2C+L+E%3BOstby%2C+J%3BMonosson%2C+E%3BKelce%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An examination of race and poverty for populations living near industrial sources of air pollution. AN - 69670626; 10189625 AB - This study examines the sociodemographic characteristics of people living near industrial sources of air pollution in three areas of the United States: (1) the Kanawha Valley in West Virginia: (2) the Baton Rouge-New Orleans corridor in Louisiana: and (3) the greater Baltimore metropolitan area in Maryland. Using data from the 1990 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and the 1990 Census, we analyze relationships between variables assumed to be independent, such as location of single or multiple industrial emission sources, and the dependent variables of race (black/white) and poverty status (above/below poverty level). Results from all three study areas are consistent and indicate that African Americans and those living in households defined to be below the established poverty level are more likely, on average, to live closer to the nearest TRI facility and to live within 2 miles of multiple TRI facilities. Conversely, whites and those living in households above the poverty level are more likely, on average, to live farther from the nearest TRI facility and to live within 2 miles of fewer facilities, compared to African Americans and poor people. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Perlin, S A AU - Sexton, K AU - Wong, D W AD - Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, District of Columbia 20460, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 29 EP - 48 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Maryland KW - Louisiana KW - West Virginia KW - Risk Assessment KW - Industry KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Poverty KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69670626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=An+examination+of+race+and+poverty+for+populations+living+near+industrial+sources+of+air+pollution.&rft.au=Perlin%2C+S+A%3BSexton%2C+K%3BWong%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Perlin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-19 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroendocrine and reproductive effects of contemporary-use pesticides. AN - 69670554; 10188189 AB - Work in our laboratory has focused on the hypothesis that certain environmental contaminants will interfere with reproductive function because they disrupt the neuroendocrine regulation of gonadal function. In this article, we review the evidence that certain classes of contemporary-use pesticides alter gonadotropin secretion through a disruption of hypothalamic mechanisms. Specifically, we discuss the effect of formamidine and dithiocarbamate pesticides on the noradrenergic control of pituitary hormone secretion, ovarian function, and pregnancy in the rat. This is followed by a review of studies evaluating the effect of a chlorotriazine herbicide, atrazine, on the hormonal control of ovulation and lactation. We also discuss the physiological consequences of these endocrine alterations in the female, how toxicant-induced endocrine alterations may differ in physiological outcome in the male and female, and the fact that the reproductive risk assessment of some pesticides that act on the central nervous system (CNS) may be influenced by the development of tolerance. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Cooper, R L AU - Goldman, J M AU - Stoker, T E AD - Endocrinology Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. cooper.ralph@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 26 EP - 36 VL - 15 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Amidines KW - 0 KW - Carbamates KW - Gonadotropins KW - Insecticides KW - formamidine KW - 463-52-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Gonadotropins -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy -- drug effects KW - Gonadotropins -- secretion KW - Central Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System -- physiology KW - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System -- drug effects KW - Amidines -- pharmacology KW - Ovary -- drug effects KW - Amidines -- toxicity KW - Ovary -- physiology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69670554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Neuroendocrine+and+reproductive+effects+of+contemporary-use+pesticides.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+R+L%3BGoldman%2C+J+M%3BStoker%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The estrogenic and antiandrogenic pesticide methoxychlor alters the reproductive tract and behavior without affecting pituitary size or LH and prolactin secretion in male rats. AN - 69668472; 10188190 AB - This study was designed to determine if long-term exposure to high doses of methoxychlor (M) would alter pituitary or testicular endocrine functions in either an estrogenic or antiandrogenic manner. Weanling male Long-Evans hooded rats were dosed daily with M (po) at 0, 200, 300, or 400 mg kg-1 day-1 for 10 months. Methoxychlor treatment delayed puberty by as much as 10 weeks and reduced fertility and copulatory plug formation in a dose-related manner at the initial mating. During mating, M-treated males exhibited shorter latencies to mount and ejaculate versus control males, but the number of intromissions prior to ejaculation was unaffected, indicating that M enhanced the arousal level in the males in an estrogen-dependent manner. Most treated males eventually mated but time-to-pregnancy was lengthened. Very low sperm counts were associated with infertility, while prolonged delays in puberty reduced fecundity. Methoxychlor treatment with 200 to 400 mg kg-1 day-1 failed to mimic the chronic effects of a sustained (8 months) low dose of estradiol-17 beta (3-mm silastic implants) on pituitary or testicular hormone levels. Estradiol administration increased pituitary weight 4-fold, serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were reduced by almost 50%, and serum prolactin was increased 40-fold, while M did not affect any of these measures. These data demonstrate that M affects the CNS, epididymal sperm numbers, and the accessory sex glands and delays mating without significantly affecting the secretion of LH, prolactin, or testosterone. These data indicate that M did not alter pituitary endocrine function in either an estrogenic or antiandrogenic manner. To our knowledge, these data provide the first in vivo example of such a pronounced degree of target tissue selectivity to an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Gray, L E AU - Ostby, J AU - Cooper, R L AU - Kelce, W R AD - Endocrinology Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27111, USA. gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 37 EP - 47 VL - 15 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Sperm Count -- drug effects KW - Pituitary Gland -- anatomy & histology KW - Pituitary Gland -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Xenobiotics -- pharmacology KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Pituitary Gland -- drug effects KW - Sexual Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- secretion KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Testis -- physiology KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Prolactin -- secretion KW - Prolactin -- drug effects KW - Methoxychlor -- pharmacology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- drug effects KW - Methoxychlor -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69668472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=The+estrogenic+and+antiandrogenic+pesticide+methoxychlor+alters+the+reproductive+tract+and+behavior+without+affecting+pituitary+size+or+LH+and+prolactin+secretion+in+male+rats.&rft.au=Gray%2C+L+E%3BOstby%2C+J%3BCooper%2C+R+L%3BKelce%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p'-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat. AN - 69667983; 10188194 AB - Antiandrogenic chemicals alter sexual differentiation by a variety of mechanisms, and as a consequence, they induce different profiles of effects. For example, in utero treatment with the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, flutamide, produces ventral prostate agenesis and testicular nondescent, while in contrast, finasteride, an inhibitor of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis, rarely, if ever, induces such malformations. In this regard, it was recently proposed that dibutyl phthalate (DBP) alters reproductive development by a different mechanism of action than flutamide or vinclozolin (V), which are AR antagonists, because the male offsprings display an unusually high incidence of testicular and epididymal alterations--effects rarely seen after in utero flutamide or V treatment. In this study, we present original data describing the reproductive effects of 10 known or suspected anti-androgens, including a Leydig cell toxicant ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS, 50 mg kg-1 day-1), linuron (L, 100 mg kg-1 day-1), p,p'-DDE (100 mg kg-1 day-1), ketoconazole (12-50 mg kg-1 day-1), procymidone (P, 100 mg kg-1 day-1), chlozolinate (100 mg kg-1 day-1), iprodione (100 mg kg-1 day-1), DBP (500 mg kg-1 day-1), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP, 750 mg kg-1 day-1), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener no. 169 (single dose of 1.8 mg kg-1). Our analysis indicates that the chemicals discussed here can be clustered into three or four separate groups, based on the resulting profiles of reproductive effects. Vinclozolin, P, and DDE, known AR ligands, produce similar profiles of toxicity. However, p,p'-DDE is less potent in this regard. DBP and DEHP produce a profile distinct from the above AR ligands. Male offsprings display a higher incidence of epididymal and testicular lesions than generally seen with flutamide, P, or V even at high dosage levels. Linuron treatment induced a level of external effects consistent with its low affinity for AR [reduced anogenital distance (AGD), retained nipples, and a low incidence of hypospadias]. However, L treatment also induced an unanticipated degree of malformed epididymides and testis atrophy. In fact, the profile of effects induced by L was similar to that seen with DBP. These results suggest that L may display several mechanisms of endocrine toxicity, one of which involves AR binding. Chlozolinate and iprodione did not produce any signs of maternal or fetal endocrine toxicity at 100 mg kg-1 day-1. EDS produced severe maternal toxicity and a 45% reduction in size at birth, which resulted in the death of all neonates by 5 days of age. However, EDS only reduced AGD in male pups by 15%. Ketoconazole did not demasculinize or feminize males but rather displayed anti-hormonal activities, apparently by inhibiting ovarian hormone synthesis, which resulted in delayed delivery and whole litter loss. In summary, the above in vivo data suggest that the chemicals we studied alter male sexual differentiation via different mechanisms. The anti-androgens V, P, and p,p'-DDE produce flutamide-like profiles that are distinct from those seen with DBP, DEHP, and L. The effects of PCB 169 bear little resemblance to those of any known anti-androgen. Only in depth in vitro studies will reveal the degree to which one can rely upon in vivo studies, like those presented here, to predict the cellular and molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicity. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Wolf, C AU - Lambright, C AU - Mann, P AU - Price, M AU - Cooper, R L AU - Ostby, J AU - Gray, L E AD - Endocrinology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, MD-72, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 94 EP - 118 VL - 15 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Androgen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - Hydantoins KW - Oxazoles KW - Pesticides KW - Receptors, Androgen KW - Xenobiotics KW - Linuron KW - 01XP1SU59O KW - Dibutyl Phthalate KW - 2286E5R2KE KW - Aminoimidazole Carboxamide KW - 360-97-4 KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene KW - 4M7FS82U08 KW - dichlozolinate KW - 6YW05QFN1Y KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - procymidone KW - EC2FI67U2Y KW - Ketoconazole KW - R9400W927I KW - iprodione KW - S3AYV2A6EU KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Differentiation -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Ketoconazole -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Androgen -- drug effects KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones -- metabolism KW - Dibutyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds -- toxicity KW - Aminoimidazole Carboxamide -- toxicity KW - Linuron -- toxicity KW - Aminoimidazole Carboxamide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Androgen -- physiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Androgen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Androgen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Genitalia, Male -- drug effects KW - Xenobiotics -- pharmacology KW - Genitalia, Male -- abnormalities KW - Pesticides -- pharmacology KW - Genitalia, Male -- growth & development KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69667983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Administration+of+potentially+antiandrogenic+pesticides+%28procymidone%2C+linuron%2C+iprodione%2C+chlozolinate%2C+p%2Cp%27-DDE%2C+and+ketoconazole%29+and+toxic+substances+%28dibutyl-+and+diethylhexyl+phthalate%2C+PCB+169%2C+and+ethane+dimethane+sulphonate%29+during+sexual+differentiation+produces+diverse+profiles+of+reproductive+malformations+in+the+male+rat.&rft.au=Wolf%2C+C%3BLambright%2C+C%3BMann%2C+P%3BPrice%2C+M%3BCooper%2C+R+L%3BOstby%2C+J%3BGray%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The fungicide procymidone alters sexual differentiation in the male rat by acting as an androgen-receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro. AN - 69667948; 10188193 AB - Procymidone is a dicarboximide fungicide structurally related to the well-characterized fungicide vinclozolin. Vinclozolin metabolites bind to mammalian androgen receptors (AR) and act as AR antagonists, inhibiting androgen-dependent gene expression in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting AR-binding to DNA. The current study was designed to determine if procymidone acted as an AR antagonist in vitro and to describe the dosage levels of procymidone that alter sexual differentiation in vivo. In vitro, procymidone inhibited androgen from binding the human AR (hAR) in COS (monkey kidney) cells transfected with hAR at 3.16 microM. In vitro, procymidone acted as an androgen antagonist, inhibiting dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced transcriptional activation at 0.2 microM in CV-1 cells (cotransfected with the hAR and a MMTV-luciferase reporter gene). In vivo, maternal procymidone exposure at 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg kg-1 day-1 during gestation and early lactation (gestational day 14 to postnatal day 3) altered reproductive development of male offspring at all dosage levels tested. Male offspring exhibited shortened anogenital distance (at 25 mg kg-1 day-1 and above), permanent nipples, reduced weight of several androgen-dependent tissues (levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscles, prostate, seminal vesicles, Cowper's gland and glans penis), and malformations (hypospadias, cleft phallus, exposed os penis, vaginal pouch, hydronephrosis, occasional hydroureter, epididymal granulomas, and ectopic, undescended testes). In addition, perinatal procymidone treatment had a marked effect on the histology of the lateral and ventral prostatic and seminal vesicular tissues of the offspring (at 50 mg kg-1 day-1 and above). These effects consisted of fibrosis, cellular infiltration, and epithelial hyperplasia. This constellation of effects is similar to that produced by perinatal exposure to vinclozolin. However, procymidone appears to be slightly less potent in inducing malformations than vinclozolin by a factor of about two. In summary, the antiandrogenic activity of procymidone was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro in cell lines transfected with hAR. Since the role of androgens in mammalian sexual differentiation is highly conserved, it is likely that humans would be adversely affected by procymidone in a predictable manner if the human fetus was exposed to sufficient levels during critical stages of intrauterine and neonatal life. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Ostby, J AU - Kelce, W R AU - Lambright, C AU - Wolf, C J AU - Mann, P AU - Gray, L E AD - Endocrinology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1999 SP - 80 EP - 93 VL - 15 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Androgen Receptor Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Receptors, Androgen KW - procymidone KW - EC2FI67U2Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cell Line -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Androgen -- drug effects KW - Genitalia, Male -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Androgen -- genetics KW - Genitalia, Male -- abnormalities KW - Genitalia, Male -- growth & development KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69667948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=The+fungicide+procymidone+alters+sexual+differentiation+in+the+male+rat+by+acting+as+an+androgen-receptor+antagonist+in+vivo+and+in+vitro.&rft.au=Ostby%2C+J%3BKelce%2C+W+R%3BLambright%2C+C%3BWolf%2C+C+J%3BMann%2C+P%3BGray%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Ostby&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - AhR, ARNT, and CYP1A1 mRNA quantitation in cultured human embryonic palates exposed to TCDD and comparison with mouse palate in vivo and in culture. AN - 69597552; 10048154 AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is developmentally toxic in many species and induces cleft palate in the C57BL/6N mouse embryo. Palatogenesis in mouse and human embryos involves homologous processes at the morphological, cellular, and molecular levels. In organ culture, mouse and human palates respond similarly to TCDD. The present study quantitates the expression of AhR, ARNT, and CYP1A1 mRNA in human embryonic palates in organ culture. Palatal tissues were exposed to 1 x 10(-10), 1 x 10(-9), or 1 x 10(-8) M TCDD or control medium and sampled at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours for quantitative RT-PCR using a synthetic RNA internal standard. Similar measurements of CYP1A1 gene expression were collected for mouse palates cultured in this model. In human palates, AhR expression correlated with ARNT and CYP1A1 mRNA expression. TCDD induction of CYP1A1 was time- and concentration-dependent. The expression of these genes presented a uniform and continuous distribution across the group of embryos, with no subset of either high or low expressors/responders. The ratio of AhR to ARNT was approximately 4:1. AhR mRNA increased during the culture period in both treated and control subjects; however, ARNT expression was relatively constant. TCDD did not alter either AhR or ARNT expression in a consistent dose- or time-related manner. Comparison of human and mouse data showed a high correlation across species for the induction of CYP1A1. Human embryos expressed approximately 350 times less AhR mRNA than the mouse, and in earlier studies it was shown that human palates required 200 times more TCDD to produce the same effects. When the morphological, cellular, and molecular responses to TCDD between mouse and human are compared, it seems highly unlikely that human embryos could be exposed to sufficient TCDD to achieve changes in palatal differentiation that would lead to cleft palate. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Abbott, B D AU - Held, G A AU - Wood, C R AU - Buckalew, A R AU - Brown, J G AU - Schmid, J AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 62 EP - 75 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - ARNT protein, human KW - 0 KW - Arnt protein, mouse KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Teratogens KW - Transcription Factors KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator KW - 138391-32-9 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Time Factors KW - Organ Culture Techniques KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- genetics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Palate -- embryology KW - Palate -- drug effects KW - Palate -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- genetics KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- metabolism KW - Teratogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69597552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=AhR%2C+ARNT%2C+and+CYP1A1+mRNA+quantitation+in+cultured+human+embryonic+palates+exposed+to+TCDD+and+comparison+with+mouse+palate+in+vivo+and+in+culture.&rft.au=Abbott%2C+B+D%3BHeld%2C+G+A%3BWood%2C+C+R%3BBuckalew%2C+A+R%3BBrown%2C+J+G%3BSchmid%2C+J&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RT-PCR quantification of AHR, ARNT, GR, and CYP1A1 mRNA in craniofacial tissues of embryonic mice exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and hydrocortisone. AN - 69597067; 10048155 AB - C57BL/6N mouse embryos exposed to hydrocortisone (HC) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) develop cleft palate. An interaction between these agents produces clefts at doses which alone are not teratogenic. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and dioxin receptor (AhR) mediated these responses and their gene expression was altered by TCDD and/or HC in palates examined on gestation day (GD) 14 by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. The present study quantifies AhR, AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT), and GR mRNA at 4, 12, 24, and 48 h after exposure (time 0 = dose administration at 8 A.M. on gestation day 12) on GD12 to TCDD (24 micrograms/kg), HC (100 mg/kg) or HC (25 mg/kg) + TCDD (3 micrograms/kg). The induction of CYP1A1 mRNA was also quantified at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h for control and TCDD-exposed samples. Total RNA was prepared from midfacial tissue of 4-6 embryos/litter at each time and dose. An RNA internal standard (IS) for each gene was synthesized, which included the gene's primer sequences separated by a pUC19 plasmid sequence. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on total RNA + IS using a range of 5-7 IS concentrations across a constant level of total RNA. PCR products were separated in gels (mRNA and IS-amplified sequences differed by 30-50 bases), ethidium bromide-stained, imaged (Hamamatsu Photonics Systems, Bridgewater, NJ), and quantified with NIH Image. CYP1A1 mRNA was significantly induced in the TCDD-exposed samples at all time points examined (p = 0.005 at 2 h and 0.001 after 2 h). During palatal shelf outgrowth on GD12, AhR mRNA levels increased significantly and this was not affected by treatment with TCDD or HC + TCDD. A significant increase in GR was detected at 24 h (p ARNT > GR. Within individuals, expression of AhR and/or ARNT was highly correlated with GR level. In conclusion, CYP1A1 mRNA was expressed in developing craniofacial tissue and was highly induced by TCDD exposure. AhR, ARNT, and GR mRNA are upregulated in early palatogenesis, although not on the same schedule. The TCDD-induced decrease in ARNT at 24 h after dosing and the HC and HC + TCDD-induced delay in upregulation of ARNT may affect the dynamics of heterodimer formation between AhR and ARNT. The changes in ARNT mRNA level could also affect availability of this transcriptional regulator to interact with other potential partners, and these effects, separately or in combination, may be involved in disruption of normal embryonic development. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Abbott, B D AU - Schmid, J E AU - Brown, J G AU - Wood, C R AU - White, R D AU - Buckalew, A R AU - Held, G A AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 76 EP - 85 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Arnt protein, mouse KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Receptors, Glucocorticoid KW - Teratogens KW - Transcription Factors KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator KW - 138391-32-9 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Hydrocortisone KW - WI4X0X7BPJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Blotting, Northern KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- genetics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Receptors, Glucocorticoid -- metabolism KW - Palate -- embryology KW - Palate -- drug effects KW - Hydrocortisone -- toxicity KW - Palate -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- genetics KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Glucocorticoid -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69597067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=RT-PCR+quantification+of+AHR%2C+ARNT%2C+GR%2C+and+CYP1A1+mRNA+in+craniofacial+tissues+of+embryonic+mice+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+and+hydrocortisone.&rft.au=Abbott%2C+B+D%3BSchmid%2C+J+E%3BBrown%2C+J+G%3BWood%2C+C+R%3BWhite%2C+R+D%3BBuckalew%2C+A+R%3BHeld%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-27 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri from ground water. AN - 69594126; 10030029 AB - Arcobacter butzleri was isolated from a contaminated ground water source. These organisms, previously designated as aerotolerant Campylobacter, were capable of surviving in the ground water environment. Specific DNA probes were used to characterize the isolates in the initial identification and survival studies. Arcobacter butzleri was found to be sensitive to chlorine inactivation. JF - Letters in applied microbiology AU - Rice, E W AU - Rodgers, M R AU - Wesley, I V AU - Johnson, C H AU - Tanner, S A AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA. rice.gene@epa.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 31 EP - 35 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Disinfection KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Fresh Water KW - Campylobacter -- classification KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology KW - Campylobacter -- drug effects KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- classification KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Water Microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69594126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Arcobacter+butzleri+from+ground+water.&rft.au=Rice%2C+E+W%3BRodgers%2C+M+R%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BJohnson%2C+C+H%3BTanner%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation and regulatory acceptance of alternatives. AN - 69559126; 9924621 JF - Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees AU - Hill, R N AU - Stokes, W S AD - Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 73 EP - 79 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0963-1801, 0963-1801 KW - Bioethics KW - Index Medicus KW - Biomedical and Behavioral Research KW - Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) KW - Legal Approach KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Information Dissemination KW - Federal Government KW - Animals, Laboratory KW - Government Regulation KW - Animal Testing Alternatives -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Animal Experimentation KW - Toxicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69559126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+quarterly+of+healthcare+ethics+%3A+CQ+%3A+the+international+journal+of+healthcare+ethics+committees&rft.atitle=Validation+and+regulatory+acceptance+of+alternatives.&rft.au=Hill%2C+R+N%3BStokes%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cambridge+quarterly+of+healthcare+ethics+%3A+CQ+%3A+the+international+journal+of+healthcare+ethics+committees&rft.issn=09631801&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution and health effects: A study of medical visits among children in Santiago, Chile. AN - 69552636; 9872719 AB - Many epidemiological studies conducted in the last several years have reported associations between exposure to airborne particulate matter, measured as PM10 (<10 microm in diameter), and daily morbidity and mortality. However, much of the evidence involves effects on the elderly population; there is less evidence about the effects of particulates on children, especially those under 2 years of age. To examine these issues, we conducted time-series analyses of 2 years of daily visits to primary health care clinics in Santiago, Chile, where counts were computed for either upper or lower respiratory symptoms and for cohorts of children 3-15 years of age and below age 2. Daily PM10 and ozone measurements and meteorological variables were available from instruments located in downtown Santiago. The multiple regression analysis indicates a statistically significant association between PM10 and medical visits for lower respiratory symptoms in children ages 3-15 and in children under age 2. PM10 is also associated with medical visits related to upper respiratory symptoms in the older cohort, while ozone is associated with visits related to both lower and upper respiratory symptoms in the older cohort. For children under age 2, a 50- microg/m3 change in PM10 (the approximate interquartile range) is associated with a 4-12% increase in lower respiratory symptoms. For children 3-15 years of age, the increase in lower respiratory symptoms ranges from 3 to 9% for a 50- microg/m3 change in PM10 and 5% per 50 ppb change in ozone. These magnitudes are similar to results from studies of children undertaken in Western industrial nations. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Ostro, B D AU - Eskeland, G S AU - Sanchez, J M AU - Feyzioglu, T AD - California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 69 EP - 73 VL - 107 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Office Visits KW - Chile -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Least-Squares Analysis KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Child, Preschool KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69552636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+and+health+effects%3A+A+study+of+medical+visits+among+children+in+Santiago%2C+Chile.&rft.au=Ostro%2C+B+D%3BEskeland%2C+G+S%3BSanchez%2C+J+M%3BFeyzioglu%2C+T&rft.aulast=Ostro&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lancet. 1992 Oct 24;340(8826):1010-4 [1357409] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Jan;147(1):118-24 [8420404] Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Apr 1;137(7):691-700 [8484360] Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Jul 15;146(2):177-85 [9230780] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Jun;105(6):608-12 [9288495] Environ Res. 1990 Feb;51(1):51-70 [2298182] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Feb;155(2):568-76 [9032196] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Jan;145(1):42-7 [1731597] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 May;145(5):1123-8 [1586057] Annu Rev Public Health. 1994;15:107-32 [8054077] Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1991;25(1):47-54 [2054552] Pediatrics. 1995 Dec;96(6):1106-10 [7491229] J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1996 Jan-Mar;6(1):97-114 [8777376] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Nov;150(5 Pt 1):1234-42 [7952546] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particulate matter initiates inflammatory cytokine release by activation of capsaicin and acid receptors in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. AN - 69540792; 9882597 AB - Recent experiments have shown that human bronchial epithelial cells (i.e., BEAS-2B) release pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-6 and TNFalpha) in a receptor-mediated fashion in response to the neuropeptides, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP), and the prototype botanical irritant capsaicin. In the present experiments, we examined the relevance of these receptors to particulate matter (PM)-associated cellular inflammation. BEAS-2B cells, exposed to residual oil fly ash particles (ROFA), responded with an immediate (<30 s) increase in intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i), increases of key inflammatory cytokine transcripts (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, TNFalpha) within 2 h exposure, and subsequent release of IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine protein after 4 h exposure. Pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with pharmacological antagonists selective for the SP or CGRP receptors reduced the ROFA-stimulated IL-6 cytokine production by approximately 25 and 50%, respectively. However, pretreatment of these cells with capsazepine (CPZ), an antagonist for capsaicin (i.e., vanilloid) receptors, inhibited the immediate increases in [Ca2+]i, diminished transcript (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, TNFalpha) levels and reduced IL-6 cytokine release to control levels. BEAS-2B cells exposed to ROFA in calcium-free media failed to demonstrate increases of [Ca2+]i and showed reduced levels of cytokine transcript (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, TNFalpha) and IL-6 release, suggesting that ROFA-stimulated cytokine formation was partially dependent on extracellular calcium sources. A final set of experiments compared the inflammatory properties of the soluble and acidic insoluble components of ROFA. BEAS-2B cells, exposed to ROFA or ROFA that had been filtered through a 0.2-micrometer pore filter, produced equivocal IL-6. BEAS-2B cells exposed to pH 5.0 media for 15 min released moderate amounts of IL-6, 4 h later. This cytokine release could be blocked by amiloride, a pH receptor antagonist, but not by CPZ. BEAS-2B cells, pretreated with amiloride before ROFA exposure, showed a partial (approximately 25%) reduction of IL-6. Together, these data indicate that the acidic, soluble components of ROFA initiate cytokine release in BEAS-2B cells through activation of both capsaicin- and pH-sensitive irritant receptors. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Veronesi, B AU - Oortgiesen, M AU - Carter, J D AU - Devlin, R B AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 106 EP - 115 VL - 154 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Coal Ash KW - Cytokines KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Interleukin-8 KW - Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists KW - Particulate Matter KW - Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide KW - Receptors, Drug KW - Receptors, Neurokinin-1 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Substance P KW - 33507-63-0 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Amiloride KW - 7DZO8EB0Z3 KW - Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide KW - 83652-28-2 KW - Capsaicin KW - S07O44R1ZM KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Receptors, Neurokinin-1 -- physiology KW - Interleukin-8 -- secretion KW - Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Epithelium -- secretion KW - Interleukin-6 -- secretion KW - Humans KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Amiloride -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- secretion KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Substance P -- pharmacology KW - Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide -- physiology KW - Cell Line KW - Carbon -- pharmacology KW - Cytokines -- secretion KW - Capsaicin -- metabolism KW - Bronchi -- secretion KW - Receptors, Drug -- physiology KW - Receptors, Drug -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69540792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Particulate+matter+initiates+inflammatory+cytokine+release+by+activation+of+capsaicin+and+acid+receptors+in+a+human+bronchial+epithelial+cell+line.&rft.au=Veronesi%2C+B%3BOortgiesen%2C+M%3BCarter%2C+J+D%3BDevlin%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Veronesi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile organic compounds detected in vapor-diffusion samplers placed in sediments along and near the shoreline at Allen Harbor Landfill and Calf Pasture Point, Davisville, Rhode Island, March-April 1998 AN - 52438028; 1999-063559 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Lyford, Forest P AU - Kliever, John D AU - Scott, Clifford Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 9 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Calf Pasture Point KW - Rhode Island KW - toluene KW - landfills KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - ground water KW - Davisville Rhode Island KW - vapor-diffusion KW - Kent County Rhode Island KW - Washington County Rhode Island KW - sampling KW - sediments KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - USGS KW - geochemistry KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - shorelines KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - benzene KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - wetlands KW - volatile organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - waste disposal KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Allen Harbor Landfill KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52438028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Lyford%2C+Forest+P%3BKliever%2C+John+D%3BScott%2C+Clifford&rft.aulast=Lyford&rft.aufirst=Forest&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Volatile+organic+compounds+detected+in+vapor-diffusion+samplers+placed+in+sediments+along+and+near+the+shoreline+at+Allen+Harbor+Landfill+and+Calf+Pasture+Point%2C+Davisville%2C+Rhode+Island%2C+March-April+1998&rft.title=Volatile+organic+compounds+detected+in+vapor-diffusion+samplers+placed+in+sediments+along+and+near+the+shoreline+at+Allen+Harbor+Landfill+and+Calf+Pasture+Point%2C+Davisville%2C+Rhode+Island%2C+March-April+1998&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Allen Harbor Landfill; aromatic hydrocarbons; benzene; Calf Pasture Point; chlorinated hydrocarbons; concentration; Davisville Rhode Island; geochemistry; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; hydrocarbons; hydrochemistry; Kent County Rhode Island; landfills; monitoring; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; Rhode Island; sampling; sediments; shorelines; tetrachloroethylene; toluene; United States; USGS; vapor-diffusion; volatile organic compounds; volatiles; Washington County Rhode Island; waste disposal; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA Region 4 perspective on the OSWER monitored natural attenuation policy AN - 52430361; 1999-065727 JF - Journal of Soil Contamination AU - O'Steen, Bill A2 - Heath, Jenifer S. Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 17 EP - 22 PB - Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1058-8337, 1058-8337 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act KW - OSWER KW - monitoring KW - contaminant plumes KW - underground storage tanks KW - public policy KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - attenuation KW - decontamination KW - Office of Solid Waste Emergency Response KW - policy KW - Georgia KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52430361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+Contamination&rft.atitle=EPA+Region+4+perspective+on+the+OSWER+monitored+natural+attenuation+policy&rft.au=O%27Steen%2C+Bill&rft.aulast=O%27Steen&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+Contamination&rft.issn=10588337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - FL N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; attenuation; contaminant plumes; decontamination; Georgia; government agencies; ground water; monitoring; Office of Solid Waste Emergency Response; OSWER; policy; pollution; public policy; remediation; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; soils; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; underground storage tanks; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential for advection of volatile organic compounds in ground water to the Cochato River, Baird & McGuire Superfund Site, Holbrook, Massachusetts, March and April 1998 AN - 52376924; 2000-027121 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Savoie, Jennifer G AU - Lyford, Forest P AU - Clifford, Scott Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 19 EP - 19, 1 sheet PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - Scale: 1:10,000 KW - Type: colored environmental geology map KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - contaminant plumes KW - toluene KW - Cochato River KW - ground water KW - transport KW - Massachusetts KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - USGS KW - geochemistry KW - Norfolk County Massachusetts KW - concentration KW - Superfund KW - pollution KW - Baird and McGuire Superfund Site KW - advection KW - hydrochemistry KW - Holbrook Massachusetts KW - BTEX KW - benzene KW - ethylbenzene KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - maps KW - volatile organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - xylene KW - trichloroethylene KW - environmental geology maps KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52376924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Savoie%2C+Jennifer+G%3BLyford%2C+Forest+P%3BClifford%2C+Scott&rft.aulast=Savoie&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Potential+for+advection+of+volatile+organic+compounds+in+ground+water+to+the+Cochato+River%2C+Baird+%26+McGuire+Superfund+Site%2C+Holbrook%2C+Massachusetts%2C+March+and+April+1998&rft.title=Potential+for+advection+of+volatile+organic+compounds+in+ground+water+to+the+Cochato+River%2C+Baird+%26+McGuire+Superfund+Site%2C+Holbrook%2C+Massachusetts%2C+March+and+April+1998&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - 5 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - advection; aromatic hydrocarbons; Baird and McGuire Superfund Site; benzene; BTEX; chlorinated hydrocarbons; Cochato River; concentration; contaminant plumes; environmental geology maps; ethylbenzene; geochemistry; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; Holbrook Massachusetts; hydrocarbons; hydrochemistry; maps; Massachusetts; Norfolk County Massachusetts; organic compounds; pollution; Superfund; toluene; transport; trichloroethylene; United States; USGS; volatile organic compounds; volatiles; xylene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation of (super 137) Cs and (super 90) Sr from contaminated soil by three grass species inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi AN - 52358443; 2000-037921 JF - Environmental Pollution (1987) AU - Entry, J A AU - Watrud, L S AU - Reeves, M Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 449 EP - 457 PB - Elsevier, Barking VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - soils KW - Sr-90 KW - concentration KW - alkaline earth metals KW - monitoring KW - isotopes KW - grass KW - pollutants KW - reclamation KW - alkali metals KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - vegetation KW - radioactive waste KW - bioaccumulation KW - radioactive isotopes KW - fungi KW - Cs-137 KW - cesium KW - metals KW - mycorrhizae KW - waste disposal KW - strontium KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52358443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution+%281987%29&rft.atitle=Accumulation+of+%28super+137%29+Cs+and+%28super+90%29+Sr+from+contaminated+soil+by+three+grass+species+inoculated+with+mycorrhizal+fungi&rft.au=Entry%2C+J+A%3BWatrud%2C+L+S%3BReeves%2C+M&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution+%281987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02697491 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ENVPAF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; bioaccumulation; bioavailability; cesium; concentration; Cs-137; fungi; grass; isotopes; metals; monitoring; mycorrhizae; pollutants; pollution; radioactive isotopes; radioactive waste; reclamation; soils; Sr-90; strontium; vegetation; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - LUSTRisk; a model for predicting exposure to benzene and MTBE in ground water AN - 52358429; 2000-039119 JF - Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection and Remediation Conference AU - Small, Matthew C AU - Weaver, James W A2 - Stanley, Anita Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 90 EP - 91 PB - Ground Water Publishing Company, Westerville, OH VL - 2000 KW - United States KW - leaking underground storage tanks KW - legislation KW - pollution KW - petroleum products KW - environmental analysis KW - benzene KW - environmental effects KW - ground water KW - models KW - ethers KW - California KW - organic compounds KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - toxicity KW - transport KW - hydrocarbons KW - risk assessment KW - LUSTRisk KW - water pollution KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52358429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.atitle=LUSTRisk%3B+a+model+for+predicting+exposure+to+benzene+and+MTBE+in+ground+water&rft.au=Small%2C+Matthew+C%3BWeaver%2C+James+W&rft.aulast=Small&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=2000&rft.issue=&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2000 petroleum hydrocarbons and organic chemicals in ground water; prevention, detection, and remediation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04977 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; benzene; California; environmental analysis; environmental effects; ethers; ground water; hydrocarbons; leaking underground storage tanks; legislation; LUSTRisk; methyl tert-butyl ether; models; organic compounds; petroleum products; pollution; risk assessment; toxicity; transport; United States; water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated demonstration of surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation with surfactant regeneration/reuse AN - 52357870; 2000-039144 JF - Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection and Remediation Conference AU - Yeh, S Laura AU - Vane, Leland M AU - Wood, A Lynn AU - Pope, Gary A AU - Delshad, Mojdeh AU - Weerasooriya, Vinitha AU - Tucker, Edwin E AU - Holzmer, Fred J AU - Londergan, John T AU - Dwarakanath, Varadarajan AU - Jin, Minquan A2 - Stanley, Anita Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 301 EP - 303 PB - Ground Water Publishing Company, Westerville, OH VL - 2000 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Onslow County North Carolina KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - Camp Lejeune KW - solubility KW - dense nonaqueous phase liquids KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - decontamination KW - water treatment KW - surfactants KW - North Carolina KW - tracers KW - military facilities KW - pore water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52357870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.atitle=Integrated+demonstration+of+surfactant-enhanced+aquifer+remediation+with+surfactant+regeneration%2Freuse&rft.au=Yeh%2C+S+Laura%3BVane%2C+Leland+M%3BWood%2C+A+Lynn%3BPope%2C+Gary+A%3BDelshad%2C+Mojdeh%3BWeerasooriya%2C+Vinitha%3BTucker%2C+Edwin+E%3BHolzmer%2C+Fred+J%3BLondergan%2C+John+T%3BDwarakanath%2C+Varadarajan%3BJin%2C+Minquan&rft.aulast=Yeh&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=2000&rft.issue=&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2000 petroleum hydrocarbons and organic chemicals in ground water; prevention, detection, and remediation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04977 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Camp Lejeune; decontamination; dense nonaqueous phase liquids; environmental analysis; ground water; military facilities; nonaqueous phase liquids; North Carolina; Onslow County North Carolina; pollutants; pollution; pore water; remediation; soils; solubility; surfactants; tracers; United States; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a risk-based decision making approach for petroleum releases at underground storage tank sites in Indian countries AN - 52357289; 2000-039115 JF - Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection and Remediation Conference AU - Mattick, Richard AU - Stavnes, Sandra A2 - Stanley, Anita Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 77 EP - 78 PB - Ground Water Publishing Company, Westerville, OH VL - 2000 KW - soils KW - programs KW - leaking underground storage tanks KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - data processing KW - pollution KW - decision-making KW - petroleum products KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - ground water KW - computer programs KW - risk assessment KW - Indian reservations KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52357289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+risk-based+decision+making+approach+for+petroleum+releases+at+underground+storage+tank+sites+in+Indian+countries&rft.au=Mattick%2C+Richard%3BStavnes%2C+Sandra&rft.aulast=Mattick&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=2000&rft.issue=&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2000 petroleum hydrocarbons and organic chemicals in ground water; prevention, detection, and remediation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04977 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; data processing; decision-making; environmental analysis; environmental effects; ground water; Indian reservations; leaking underground storage tanks; petroleum products; pollutants; pollution; programs; regulations; risk assessment; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of gasoline releases in the water table aquifer of Long Island AN - 52356040; 2000-039138 JF - Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection and Remediation Conference AU - Weaver, James W AU - Haas, Joseph E AU - Sosik, Charles A2 - Stanley, Anita Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 260 EP - 261 PB - Ground Water Publishing Company, Westerville, OH VL - 2000 KW - United States KW - contaminant plumes KW - characterization KW - environmental analysis KW - drinking water KW - environmental effects KW - ground water KW - ethers KW - spatial variations KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - transport KW - Long Island KW - water pollution KW - pollutants KW - gasoline KW - pollution KW - petroleum products KW - benzene KW - aquifers KW - water table KW - organic compounds KW - New York KW - hydrocarbons KW - risk assessment KW - Magothy Aquifer KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52356040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+gasoline+releases+in+the+water+table+aquifer+of+Long+Island&rft.au=Weaver%2C+James+W%3BHaas%2C+Joseph+E%3BSosik%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=2000&rft.issue=&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2000 petroleum hydrocarbons and organic chemicals in ground water; prevention, detection, and remediation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04977 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; benzene; characterization; contaminant plumes; drinking water; environmental analysis; environmental effects; ethers; gasoline; ground water; hydrocarbons; Long Island; Magothy Aquifer; methyl tert-butyl ether; New York; organic compounds; petroleum products; pollutants; pollution; risk assessment; spatial variations; transport; United States; water pollution; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of salinity in ground water from the interpretation of borehole-geophysical logs and salinity data, Calf Pasture Point, Davisville, Rhode Island AN - 52356001; 2000-038852 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Church, Peter E AU - Brandon, William C Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 47 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Narragansett Bay KW - salt-water intrusion KW - Calf Pasture Point KW - Rhode Island KW - salinity KW - preferential flow KW - salt water KW - ground water KW - Davisville Rhode Island KW - spatial distribution KW - Washington County Rhode Island KW - mixing KW - sediments KW - USGS KW - electromagnetic induction KW - gamma-ray methods KW - clastic sediments KW - geophysical methods KW - surficial aquifers KW - silt KW - till KW - aquifers KW - recharge KW - boreholes KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52356001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Church%2C+Peter+E%3BBrandon%2C+William+C&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Distribution+of+salinity+in+ground+water+from+the+interpretation+of+borehole-geophysical+logs+and+salinity+data%2C+Calf+Pasture+Point%2C+Davisville%2C+Rhode+Island&rft.title=Distribution+of+salinity+in+ground+water+from+the+interpretation+of+borehole-geophysical+logs+and+salinity+data%2C+Calf+Pasture+Point%2C+Davisville%2C+Rhode+Island&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sects., 1 table, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix; Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; boreholes; Calf Pasture Point; clastic sediments; Davisville Rhode Island; electromagnetic induction; gamma-ray methods; geophysical methods; ground water; mixing; Narragansett Bay; preferential flow; recharge; Rhode Island; salinity; salt water; salt-water intrusion; sediments; silt; spatial distribution; surficial aquifers; till; United States; USGS; Washington County Rhode Island; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An updated conceptual model for subsurface fate and transport of MTBE and benzene AN - 52355718; 2000-039134 AB - A sound conceptual model is important for understanding and predicting the behavior of chemical releases in the environment. Until recently the chemical of greatest concern at these LUST sites was benzene, a naturally occurring hydrocarbon refined from crude oil, found at all gasoline release sites. When benzene is released to the environment, it tends to dissolve slowly and move relatively slowly. Once released, benzene also breaks down (degrades) fairly quickly, minimizing the potential for human exposure. With the advent of the 1990 Clean Air Act requirements for increased oxygen content in reformulated gasoline to reduce automobile tailpipe emissions, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) has been added to gasoline at levels up to 14% by volume (11% in California). Because MTBE has only recently been added to gasoline in high volumes, it is not found at all gasoline release sites. However, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory recently estimated that there are greater than 10,000 LUST sites impacted by MTBE in California alone. When released, MTBE tends to dissolve quickly and migrate with ground water without breaking down. Our conceptual model for fate and transport of benzene is fairly mature and well documented. However, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) has only recently become a compound of major concern at petroleum release sites and our conceptual model for fate and transport is still developing and evolving. This paper develops a conceptual model through comparison of MTBE and benzene fate and transport properties. The comparison is presented in terms of typical plume lifecycles and plume behavior. This comparison will help to point out differences and similarities between these two compounds that are important to consider during site assessment, exposure analysis, remedial design, monitoring, and site management. This is a work in progress. JF - Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection and Remediation Conference AU - Small, Matthew C AU - Weaver, Jim A2 - Stanley, Anita Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 209 EP - 220 PB - Ground Water Publishing Company, Westerville, OH VL - 2000 KW - United States KW - soils KW - leaking underground storage tanks KW - pollutants KW - gasoline KW - pollution KW - petroleum products KW - environmental analysis KW - benzene KW - environmental effects KW - ground water KW - ethers KW - California KW - organic compounds KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - transport KW - hydrocarbons KW - theoretical models KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52355718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.atitle=An+updated+conceptual+model+for+subsurface+fate+and+transport+of+MTBE+and+benzene&rft.au=Small%2C+Matthew+C%3BWeaver%2C+Jim&rft.aulast=Small&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=2000&rft.issue=&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2000 petroleum hydrocarbons and organic chemicals in ground water; prevention, detection, and remediation N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04977 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; benzene; California; environmental analysis; environmental effects; ethers; gasoline; ground water; hydrocarbons; leaking underground storage tanks; methyl tert-butyl ether; organic compounds; petroleum products; pollutants; pollution; soils; theoretical models; transport; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring landscape change with timeseries Landsat data at Ft. Irwin, CA AN - 52351468; 2000-041315 JF - Proceedings of the Thematic Conference on Geologic Remote Sensing AU - Cablk, Mary E AU - Mouat, David A AU - Hickman, Peter J Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 PB - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 1067-0106, 1067-0106 KW - United States KW - thematic mapper KW - monitoring KW - geophysical surveys KW - time series analysis KW - landform evolution KW - statistical analysis KW - California KW - Landsat KW - Mojave Desert KW - surveys KW - landscapes KW - Fort Irwin California KW - remote sensing KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52351468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Thematic+Conference+on+Geologic+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Monitoring+landscape+change+with+timeseries+Landsat+data+at+Ft.+Irwin%2C+CA&rft.au=Cablk%2C+Mary+E%3BMouat%2C+David+A%3BHickman%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Cablk&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=II.125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Thematic+Conference+on+Geologic+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=10670106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Thirteenth international conference and workshops on Applied geologic remote sensing N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; Fort Irwin California; geophysical surveys; landform evolution; Landsat; landscapes; Mojave Desert; monitoring; remote sensing; statistical analysis; surveys; thematic mapper; time series analysis; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory requirements from the March 1994 conditional acetochlor registration agreement AN - 52327948; 2000-056822 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Behl, Elizabeth AU - Simmons, Nick D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 EP - unpaginated PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 218, Part 1 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - acetochlor KW - infiltration KW - agrochemicals KW - chemical properties KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52327948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Regulatory+requirements+from+the+March+1994+conditional+acetochlor+registration+agreement&rft.au=Behl%2C+Elizabeth%3BSimmons%2C+Nick+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Behl&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=218%2C+Part+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9841236852&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 218th ACS national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acetochlor; agrochemicals; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; chemical properties; degradation; ground water; infiltration; monitoring; pollutants; pollution; regulations; surface water; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reductive transportation of perchlorate in a fresh-water sediment; laboratory batch studies AN - 52326806; 2000-056861 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Simon, Rupert AU - Weber, Eric J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 EP - unpaginated PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 218, Part 1 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - chlorine KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - degradation KW - halogens KW - fresh-water environment KW - perchlorate KW - remediation KW - laboratory studies KW - transport KW - chloride ion KW - sediments KW - ecology KW - reduction KW - nitrate ion KW - microorganisms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52326806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Reductive+transportation+of+perchlorate+in+a+fresh-water+sediment%3B+laboratory+batch+studies&rft.au=Simon%2C+Rupert%3BWeber%2C+Eric+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=218%2C+Part+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9841236852&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 218th ACS national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chloride ion; chlorine; concentration; degradation; ecology; experimental studies; fresh-water environment; halogens; laboratory studies; microorganisms; nitrate ion; perchlorate; reduction; remediation; sediments; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heavy metal contamination of arctic Siberian ecosystems AN - 52326179; 2000-058277 JF - Program and Abstracts - Arctic Science Conference AU - Ford, J AU - Allen-Gil, S M AU - Lasorsa, B K AU - Monetti, M AU - Vlasova, T AU - Landers, D H AU - Anderson, Patricia A Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 278 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, Arctic Division, Fairbanks, AK VL - 50 KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation KW - Chordata KW - clastic sediments KW - Mammalia KW - pollution KW - Russian Federation KW - vegetation KW - environmental analysis KW - Pisces KW - provenance KW - Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation KW - Siberia KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - arctic environment KW - sediments KW - surveys KW - Vertebrata KW - Asia KW - Norilsk Russian Federation KW - Tetrapoda KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52326179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Arctic+Science+Conference&rft.atitle=Heavy+metal+contamination+of+arctic+Siberian+ecosystems&rft.au=Ford%2C+J%3BAllen-Gil%2C+S+M%3BLasorsa%2C+B+K%3BMonetti%2C+M%3BVlasova%2C+T%3BLanders%2C+D+H%3BAnderson%2C+Patricia+A&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+Arctic+Science+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 50th Arctic science conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - AK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04953 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arctic environment; Asia; Chordata; clastic sediments; Commonwealth of Independent States; environmental analysis; heavy metals; Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation; Mammalia; Norilsk Russian Federation; Pisces; pollution; provenance; Russian Federation; sediments; Siberia; soils; surveys; Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation; Tetrapoda; toxic materials; vegetation; Vertebrata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enantiometric occurrence and distribution of chiral organochlorine compounds in U. S. river sediment and biota AN - 52325762; 2000-056870 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Wong, Charles S AU - Garrison, Arthur W AU - Foreman, William T AU - Capel, Paul D AU - Nowell, Lisa H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 EP - unpaginated PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 218, Part 1 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - insecticides KW - concentration KW - metabolism KW - rivers and streams KW - PCBs KW - organochlorine pesticides KW - bioavailability KW - distribution KW - biota KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - DDT KW - sediments KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - ecology KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52325762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Enantiometric+occurrence+and+distribution+of+chiral+organochlorine+compounds+in+U.+S.+river+sediment+and+biota&rft.au=Wong%2C+Charles+S%3BGarrison%2C+Arthur+W%3BForeman%2C+William+T%3BCapel%2C+Paul+D%3BNowell%2C+Lisa+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=218%2C+Part+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9841236852&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 218th ACS national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioavailability; biota; chlorinated hydrocarbons; concentration; DDT; detection; distribution; ecology; halogenated hydrocarbons; insecticides; metabolism; organic compounds; organochlorine pesticides; PCBs; pesticides; rivers and streams; sediments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adsorption characteristics of perchlorate in soils AN - 52325737; 2000-056854 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Susarla, Sridhar AU - Wood, Georgia AU - Lewis, Stacy AU - Wolfe, N Lee AU - McCutcheon, Steven C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 EP - unpaginated PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 218, Part 1 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - soils KW - concentration KW - physical properties KW - isotherms KW - pollutants KW - agrochemicals KW - chemical properties KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - pH KW - perchlorate KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52325737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Adsorption+characteristics+of+perchlorate+in+soils&rft.au=Susarla%2C+Sridhar%3BWood%2C+Georgia%3BLewis%2C+Stacy%3BWolfe%2C+N+Lee%3BMcCutcheon%2C+Steven+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Susarla&rft.aufirst=Sridhar&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=218%2C+Part+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9841236852&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 218th ACS national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; agrochemicals; chemical properties; concentration; isotherms; perchlorate; pH; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Widespread ground and surface water monitoring as a regulatory tool; a state perspective AN - 52324453; 2000-056850 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Troiano, John AU - Weaver, Don AU - Marade, Joe AU - Pepple, Mark AU - Spurlock, Frank AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 EP - unpaginated PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 218, Part 1 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - United States KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - detection limit KW - regulations KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - California KW - sampling KW - pesticides KW - water wells KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52324453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Widespread+ground+and+surface+water+monitoring+as+a+regulatory+tool%3B+a+state+perspective&rft.au=Troiano%2C+John%3BWeaver%2C+Don%3BMarade%2C+Joe%3BPepple%2C+Mark%3BSpurlock%2C+Frank%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Troiano&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=218%2C+Part+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9841236852&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 218th ACS national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; detection limit; ground water; monitoring; pesticides; pollution; regulations; sampling; surface water; toxic materials; United States; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetochlor and its degradates in groundwater; lessons learned from field-scale studies, observation well networks, and drinking-water surveys following a new pesticide registration AN - 52324416; 2000-056829 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Peckenpaugh, Jon AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 EP - unpaginated PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 218, Part 1 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - water quality KW - programs KW - monitoring KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - observation wells KW - techniques KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - acetochlor KW - sampling KW - infiltration KW - agrochemicals KW - chemical properties KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52324416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Acetochlor+and+its+degradates+in+groundwater%3B+lessons+learned+from+field-scale+studies%2C+observation+well+networks%2C+and+drinking-water+surveys+following+a+new+pesticide+registration&rft.au=Peckenpaugh%2C+Jon%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Peckenpaugh&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=218%2C+Part+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9841236852&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 218th ACS national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acetochlor; agrochemicals; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; chemical properties; degradation; drinking water; ground water; infiltration; monitoring; observation wells; pollutants; pollution; programs; regulations; sampling; surface water; techniques; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening of fungi for soil remediation potential AN - 52318115; 2000-064283 JF - Agronomy AU - Lamar, Richard T AU - Main, Laura M AU - Dietrich, Diane M AU - Glaser, John A A2 - Adriano, Domy C. A2 - Bollag, J. M. A2 - Frankenberger, William T., Jr. A2 - Sims, Ron C. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 437 EP - 456 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 37 SN - 0065-4663, 0065-4663 KW - soils KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - creosote KW - physicochemical properties KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution KW - pentachlorophenol KW - optimization KW - rates KW - chlorophenols KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - nutrients KW - laboratory studies KW - organic compounds KW - fungi KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52318115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy&rft.atitle=Screening+of+fungi+for+soil+remediation+potential&rft.au=Lamar%2C+Richard+T%3BMain%2C+Laura+M%3BDietrich%2C+Diane+M%3BGlaser%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Lamar&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy&rft.issn=00654663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 8 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGRYAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioremediation; chlorophenols; concentration; creosote; degradation; experimental studies; fungi; laboratory studies; nutrients; optimization; organic compounds; pentachlorophenol; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; rates; remediation; soils; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioremediation of soils contaminated with wood preservatives AN - 52317824; 2000-064291 JF - Agronomy AU - Sims, Ronald C AU - Sims, Judith L AU - Zollinger, Randal L AU - Huling, Scott G A2 - Adriano, Domy C. A2 - Bollag, J. M. A2 - Frankenberger, William T., Jr. A2 - Sims, Ron C. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 719 EP - 742 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 37 SN - 0065-4663, 0065-4663 KW - soils KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - degradation KW - wood KW - pollutants KW - creosote KW - pollution KW - pentachlorophenol KW - composting KW - chlorophenols KW - aqueous solutions KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - organic compounds KW - toxicity KW - decontamination KW - hydrocarbons KW - chemical properties KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - bioreactors KW - chemical composition KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52317824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy&rft.atitle=Bioremediation+of+soils+contaminated+with+wood+preservatives&rft.au=Sims%2C+Ronald+C%3BSims%2C+Judith+L%3BZollinger%2C+Randal+L%3BHuling%2C+Scott+G&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=&rft.spage=719&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy&rft.issn=00654663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 89 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 9 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGRYAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aqueous solutions; aromatic hydrocarbons; bioreactors; bioremediation; chemical composition; chemical properties; chlorophenols; composting; concentration; creosote; decontamination; degradation; hydrocarbons; organic compounds; pentachlorophenol; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; remediation; soils; toxic materials; toxicity; wood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prepared bed bioreactors AN - 52316240; 2000-064287 JF - Agronomy AU - Sims, Judith L AU - Sims, Ronald C AU - Sorensen, Darwin L AU - Huling, Scott G A2 - Adriano, Domy C. A2 - Bollag, J. M. A2 - Frankenberger, William T., Jr. A2 - Sims, Ron C. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 559 EP - 594 PB - American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI VL - 37 SN - 0065-4663, 0065-4663 KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - moisture KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - techniques KW - remediation KW - laboratory studies KW - sample preparation KW - physical properties KW - decontamination KW - chemical properties KW - leachate KW - bioreactors KW - risk assessment KW - kinetics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52316240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy&rft.atitle=Prepared+bed+bioreactors&rft.au=Sims%2C+Judith+L%3BSims%2C+Ronald+C%3BSorensen%2C+Darwin+L%3BHuling%2C+Scott+G&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy&rft.issn=00654663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 66 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AGRYAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioreactors; chemical properties; decontamination; experimental studies; kinetics; laboratory studies; leachate; moisture; monitoring; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; remediation; risk assessment; sample preparation; soil treatment; techniques ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation and Indoor Air's abandoned mine land database inventory study AN - 52268046; 2001-015208 AB - Since the 1960's, billions of dollars have been spent by various federal and state agencies generating abandoned mine lands-related data. Often databases were created to store and manage this information. The Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, and the National Park Service, Geologic Resources Division, are developing a pilot project to locate and evaluate these abandoned mine lands-related databases. This "database of databases" named the DATAMINER will list, categorize, and compare databases that can be used for the evaluation, prioritization, characterization, and reclamation of abandoned mine lands. Through this project, the Environmental Protection Agency will avoid duplication of efforts, conserve resources, assist decision makers in a better understanding of what information is available on abandoned mines sites, and protect public health. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Gese, Diann D AU - Setlow, Loren W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 247 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - mines KW - Office of Radiation and Indoor Air KW - medical geology KW - reclamation KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - characterization KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - history KW - conservation KW - inventory KW - data bases KW - DATAMINER KW - abandoned mines KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52268046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Environmental+Protection+Agency+Office+of+Radiation+and+Indoor+Air%27s+abandoned+mine+land+database+inventory+study&rft.au=Gese%2C+Diann+D%3BSetlow%2C+Loren+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gese&rft.aufirst=Diann&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; characterization; conservation; data bases; data processing; DATAMINER; government agencies; history; inventory; medical geology; mines; Office of Radiation and Indoor Air; reclamation; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teaching geology to a student with developmental disabilities; a personal view AN - 52260222; 2001-019050 AB - Students with "severe and profound" developmental disabilities, including autism, and little or no functional speech have long been considered "retarded". The development of augmentative communication technologies and strategies has made it apparent that some of these students are not cognitively disabled; consequently, some of these students are beginning to pursue higher education. The lack of functional speech clearly means that accommodations will include different expectations regarding classroom participation and different testing strategies. However, while the lack of speech can be accommodated, the underlying autism still exists and may cause disabilities ranging from physical problems (for example, visual disturbances, which can make focusing on fine detail in a rock sample difficult, or motor control problems, which can make scrambling on outcrops challenging) to fundamentally different ways of organizing and analyzing information. This paper explores various strategies for teaching geologic concepts and assessments of their effectiveness with a home-schooled adolescent autistic boy who uses facilitated communication. The geology teachers include his mother, who majored in geology but never became a practicing professional, and his aunt (the author), a hydrogeologist. It also includes comments from other autistic students who are now attending college using facilitated communication. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Knadle, Marcia E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 274 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - curricula KW - education KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52260222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Teaching+geology+to+a+student+with+developmental+disabilities%3B+a+personal+view&rft.au=Knadle%2C+Marcia+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Knadle&rft.aufirst=Marcia&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - curricula; education ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potentiometric levels and water quality in the aquifers underlying Belvidere, Illinois, 1993-96 AN - 52246356; 2001-025520 JF - Water-Resources Investigations - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Mills, P C AU - Thomas, C A AU - Brown, T A AU - Yeskis, D J AU - Kay, R T Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 106 EP - 106, 2 sheets PB - U. S. Geological Survey, [Reston, VA] SN - 0092-332X, 0092-332X KW - Type: hydrogeologic map KW - Type: environmental geology maps KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - water quality KW - semivolatile organic compounds KW - Saint Peter Aquifer KW - waste disposal sites KW - surficial geology KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - preferential flow KW - ground water KW - transport KW - levels KW - Galena-Platteville Aquifer KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Belvidere Illinois KW - discharge KW - USGS KW - geochemistry KW - concentration KW - Illinois KW - surface water KW - potentiometric surface KW - hydrogeologic maps KW - Boone County Illinois KW - hydrochemistry KW - aquifers KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - maps KW - volatile organic compounds KW - water wells KW - environmental geology maps KW - cross sections KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52246356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Mills%2C+P+C%3BThomas%2C+C+A%3BBrown%2C+T+A%3BYeskis%2C+D+J%3BKay%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Potentiometric+levels+and+water+quality+in+the+aquifers+underlying+Belvidere%2C+Illinois%2C+1993-96&rft.title=Potentiometric+levels+and+water+quality+in+the+aquifers+underlying+Belvidere%2C+Illinois%2C+1993-96&rft.issn=0092332X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 12 tables, sects. N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices; Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRIND3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Belvidere Illinois; Boone County Illinois; chlorinated hydrocarbons; concentration; cross sections; discharge; environmental geology maps; Galena-Platteville Aquifer; geochemistry; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; hazardous waste; hydrochemistry; hydrogeologic maps; Illinois; levels; maps; organic compounds; potentiometric surface; preferential flow; Saint Peter Aquifer; semivolatile organic compounds; surface water; surficial geology; tetrachloroethylene; transport; United States; USGS; volatile organic compounds; volatiles; waste disposal sites; water quality; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogeologic mapping methods applied to delineate protection areas around springs; two examples from Utah AN - 52241980; 2001-027787 AB - Methods commonly used to delineate protection zones for water-supply wells are typically not directly applicable for springs. This investigation focuses on the use of hydrogeologic mapping methods to identify physical and hydrologic features that control ground-water flow to springs, and their applicability to delineating spring protection zones. Two public-supply springs in Utah were selected as study sites to represent diverse hydrogeologic settings. One spring discharges from fractured dolomite and shale in a relatively small surface-drainage basin, another spring discharges from fractured siltstone, sandstone, and shale in a relatively large surface-drainage basin.In this investigation, geologic mapping, fracture-trace analysis, topographic analysis, catchment area estimation, geochemical characterization, elemental isotope studies, and a tracer study were used to locate and describe potential ground-water flow boundaries and pathways, and develop conceptual models of site hydrogeology. Data from observation wells and hydraulic testing provided supporting information regarding subsurface lithology and aquifer parameters.Hydrogeologic mapping methods were useful for developing a conceptual model of ground-water conditions and evaluating potential ground-water flow controls. These methods provided sufficient information to support an initial evaluation of potential protection zones; however, ground-water flow boundaries suitable for definitive protection zones could not be identified using hydrogeologic mapping methods alone. These results also serve as a strong basis for additional investigations if more detailed delineations are warranted. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Jensen, Mark E AU - Lowe, Mike AU - Wireman, Michael AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 411 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - methods KW - sandstone KW - dolostone KW - ground water KW - fractures KW - controls KW - topography KW - sedimentary rocks KW - siltstone KW - movement KW - drainage basins KW - springs KW - hydrodynamics KW - applications KW - discharge KW - protection KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - cartography KW - shale KW - aquifers KW - models KW - Utah KW - carbonate rocks KW - water wells KW - clastic rocks KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52241980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Hydrogeologic+mapping+methods+applied+to+delineate+protection+areas+around+springs%3B+two+examples+from+Utah&rft.au=Jensen%2C+Mark+E%3BLowe%2C+Mike%3BWireman%2C+Michael%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; aquifers; carbonate rocks; cartography; clastic rocks; controls; discharge; dolostone; drainage basins; fractures; ground water; hydrodynamics; hydrology; methods; models; movement; protection; sandstone; sedimentary rocks; shale; siltstone; springs; topography; United States; Utah; water supply; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low tech remediation of arsenic contaminated groundwater, Zimapan mining district, Mexico; a progress report AN - 52240459; 2001-031675 AB - The groundwater in Zimapan, Mexico has natural concentrations of up to 1 mg As/l. Many of the residents of Zimapan now drink contaminated water. We have been seeking a low-tech solution to this contamination problem so that basin residents can decontaminate small quantities of water for in-home use. A physical model of anthropogenic contamination demonstrated the remediation potential of a member of the Soyatal Formation, a Cretaceous clayey limestone common in the Zimapan region. For this set of experiments water (pH = 5) was first reacted with jales material. Then this contaminated water was reacted with geologic materials from the basin. No arsenic was detected in any contaminated water that had been subsequently reacted with the Soyatal Formation. Batch experiments with the Soyatal showed that smaller diameter particles (60-90 micron) removed arsenic more efficiently than did larger particles. With rock:water weight ratio of 1:20, the fine particles were able to remove about 5 micrograms As per gram of rock. With a rock:water ratio of 1:4, 8 hours was sufficient to remove about 66% of the arsenic from water with an initial arsenic concentration of 0.33 mg/l. Over an eight hour period, continuous agitation was more effective at removing arsenic that sporadic stirring although, stirring twice in the eight hour time period caused the aqueous arsenic concentration to decline from 0.8 mg/l to about 0.25 mg/l. These data are consistent with arsenic sorption to clay minerals or zeolites. We are now in the process of more carefully characterizing this sorption. We expect to be able to identify the sorbent minerals and quantify the adsorption isotherm. Our ultimate goal is the design of a rock/water in a bucket remediation system affordable to those with virtually no financial resources. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Ongley, Lois K AU - Heggeman, Katherine AU - Miller, Wynne AU - Pickelner, Shea AU - Armienta, Aurora AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 333 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - sorption KW - experimental studies KW - Zimapan mining district KW - human activity KW - background level KW - characterization KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - drinking water KW - physical models KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - progress report KW - Soyatal Formation KW - Mexico KW - water-rock interaction KW - quantitative analysis KW - isotherms KW - metals KW - report KW - pH KW - particles KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52240459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Low+tech+remediation+of+arsenic+contaminated+groundwater%2C+Zimapan+mining+district%2C+Mexico%3B+a+progress+report&rft.au=Ongley%2C+Lois+K%3BHeggeman%2C+Katherine%3BMiller%2C+Wynne%3BPickelner%2C+Shea%3BArmienta%2C+Aurora%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ongley&rft.aufirst=Lois&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; background level; characterization; drinking water; experimental studies; ground water; human activity; isotherms; metals; Mexico; particles; pH; physical models; pollution; progress report; quantitative analysis; remediation; report; sorption; Soyatal Formation; water-rock interaction; Zimapan mining district ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mistakes, misinterpretations and mayhem; generalized stories about acid mine drainage AN - 52210733; 2001-053782 AB - When the scientific data for predicting acid and metals generation from a proposed, active or abandoned mine site is inaccurate, not only the mining company but government agencies and the public lose. I will present three generalized site histories and three questions that, if asked, could have saved much time, money and grief. Has the geology both on the surface and subsurface been delineated and other environmental factors quantified? Quite often the only information garnered in the exploration phase is within the ore zone. The profitability of an operation is not only from the sale price but what it costs the company to produce the ore both now and in the future. What assumptions are being made and are they valid? Although good geologists and hydrologists base their decisions upon data, assumptions are always made. Many very costly mistakes have been made because all the engineers wanted was a number. Who should you talk to when everything goes wrong? Everyone. Other scientists, such as those participating in the Acid Drainage Technology Initiative, should be contacted to validate your data and interpretations. The regulatory agencies should be another contact. A cooperative, open relationship is usually better than a combative, mistrustful situation. The public should be informed because bad news travels fast and misinformation travels faster. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Russell, Carol AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 436 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - technology KW - acid mine drainage KW - site exploration KW - surface water KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - interpretation KW - cost KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52210733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Mistakes%2C+misinterpretations+and+mayhem%3B+generalized+stories+about+acid+mine+drainage&rft.au=Russell%2C+Carol%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; cost; ground water; interpretation; pollution; prediction; site exploration; surface water; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of long-term metals and fauna studies to set priorities for mine site cleanup in the Clear Creek/Central City Superfund site, Colorado AN - 52210522; 2001-053775 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Huyck, Holly L O AU - Steele, Timothy D AU - Fliniau, Holly AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 435 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - zinc KW - water quality KW - copper KW - Gilpin County Colorado KW - watersheds KW - manganese KW - iron KW - environmental effects KW - remediation KW - Pisces KW - cadmium KW - geochemistry KW - abandoned mines KW - hydrology KW - mines KW - Chordata KW - monitoring KW - acid mine drainage KW - Superfund KW - biochemistry KW - Central City Colorado KW - pollution KW - faunal studies KW - decision-making KW - metals KW - Clear Creek basin KW - Vertebrata KW - Colorado KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52210522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Use+of+long-term+metals+and+fauna+studies+to+set+priorities+for+mine+site+cleanup+in+the+Clear+Creek%2FCentral+City+Superfund+site%2C+Colorado&rft.au=Huyck%2C+Holly+L+O%3BSteele%2C+Timothy+D%3BFliniau%2C+Holly%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Huyck&rft.aufirst=Holly+L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; biochemistry; cadmium; Central City Colorado; Chordata; Clear Creek basin; Colorado; copper; decision-making; environmental effects; faunal studies; geochemistry; Gilpin County Colorado; hydrology; iron; manganese; metals; mines; monitoring; Pisces; pollution; remediation; Superfund; United States; Vertebrata; water quality; watersheds; zinc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of radionuclides in semi-natural environments AN - 52198042; 2001-063165 JF - NATO Science Series. Partnership Sub-series 2, Environmental Security AU - Belli, Maria AU - Bunzl, K AU - Delvaux, B AU - Gerzabeck, M AU - Rafferty, B AU - Riesen, Thomas K AU - Shaw, G AU - Wirth, E A2 - Linkov, Igor A2 - Schell, William R. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 17 EP - 21 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht VL - 58 SN - 1389-1839, 1389-1839 KW - soils KW - forests KW - Sr-90 KW - alkaline earth metals KW - isotopes KW - pollutants KW - alkali metals KW - pollution KW - vegetation KW - SEMINAT Project KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Cs-137 KW - Chernobyl nuclear accident KW - cesium KW - transport KW - dynamics KW - metals KW - strontium KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52198042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NATO+Science+Series.+Partnership+Sub-series+2%2C+Environmental+Security&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+radionuclides+in+semi-natural+environments&rft.au=Belli%2C+Maria%3BBunzl%2C+K%3BDelvaux%2C+B%3BGerzabeck%2C+M%3BRafferty%2C+B%3BRiesen%2C+Thomas+K%3BShaw%2C+G%3BWirth%2C+E&rft.aulast=Belli&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=0792357388&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NATO+Science+Series.+Partnership+Sub-series+2%2C+Environmental+Security&rft.issn=13891839&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - NATO advanced research workshop on contaminated forests N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04396 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; cesium; Chernobyl nuclear accident; Cs-137; dynamics; forests; isotopes; metals; pollutants; pollution; radioactive isotopes; SEMINAT Project; soils; Sr-90; strontium; transport; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stable metal isotopes in dated Lake Michigan cores; preliminary results AN - 52190672; 2001-068178 JF - Program and Abstracts of the ... Conference of the International Association for Great Lakes Research AU - Rossmann, R AU - Fashbaugh, B A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 1 PB - International Association for Great Lakes Research (IAGLR), [location varies] VL - 42 KW - United States KW - zinc KW - Great Lakes region KW - isotopes KW - copper KW - lead KW - stable isotopes KW - cores KW - Lake Michigan KW - Cd-114/Cd-113 KW - sediments KW - cadmium KW - Great Lakes KW - Cu-65/Cu-63 KW - Wisconsin KW - Pb-207/Pb-206 KW - geochemistry KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - pollutants KW - isotope ratios KW - Zn-68/Zn-64 KW - Green Bay KW - pollution KW - measurement KW - limnology KW - metals KW - lacustrine environment KW - Michigan KW - lake sediments KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52190672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+of+the+...+Conference+of+the+International+Association+for+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Stable+metal+isotopes+in+dated+Lake+Michigan+cores%3B+preliminary+results&rft.au=Rossmann%2C+R%3BFashbaugh%2C+B+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Rossmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=A94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+of+the+...+Conference+of+the+International+Association+for+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - IAGLR '99; 42nd conference on Great Lakes research N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05410 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cadmium; Cd-114/Cd-113; copper; cores; Cu-65/Cu-63; geochemistry; Great Lakes; Great Lakes region; Green Bay; hydrology; isotope ratios; isotopes; lacustrine environment; Lake Michigan; lake sediments; lead; limnology; measurement; metals; Michigan; North America; Pb-207/Pb-206; pollutants; pollution; sediments; stable isotopes; United States; Wisconsin; zinc; Zn-68/Zn-64 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of sediment transport models for use in water quality simulations for Lake Michigan and the Great Lakes AN - 52189137; 2001-068134 JF - Program and Abstracts of the ... Conference of the International Association for Great Lakes Research AU - Endicott, D D AU - Gailani, J Z AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 1 PB - International Association for Great Lakes Research (IAGLR), [location varies] VL - 42 KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - North America KW - numerical models KW - sediment transport KW - sedimentation KW - data processing KW - pollution KW - models KW - limnology KW - objectives KW - Lake Michigan KW - digital simulation KW - Great Lakes KW - lacustrine sedimentation KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52189137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+of+the+...+Conference+of+the+International+Association+for+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Development+of+sediment+transport+models+for+use+in+water+quality+simulations+for+Lake+Michigan+and+the+Great+Lakes&rft.au=Endicott%2C+D+D%3BGailani%2C+J+Z%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Endicott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=A30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+of+the+...+Conference+of+the+International+Association+for+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - IAGLR '99; 42nd conference on Great Lakes research N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05410 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data processing; digital simulation; Great Lakes; hydrology; lacustrine sedimentation; Lake Michigan; limnology; models; North America; numerical models; objectives; pollution; sediment transport; sedimentation; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury in stamp sand discharges; implications for Lake Superior mercury cycling AN - 52187408; 2001-068142 JF - Program and Abstracts of the ... Conference of the International Association for Great Lakes Research AU - Harting, S L AU - Kerfoot, W C AU - Rossmann, R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - A42 EP - A43 PB - International Association for Great Lakes Research (IAGLR), [location varies] VL - 42 KW - United States KW - methylation KW - lake currents KW - silver ores KW - sediments KW - Great Lakes KW - copper ores KW - Keweenaw Current KW - geochemistry KW - mercury KW - lacustrine sedimentation KW - hydrology KW - currents KW - sand KW - North America KW - experimental studies KW - beneficiation KW - sediment transport KW - clastic sediments KW - waste rock KW - pollutants KW - human activity KW - sedimentation KW - Michigan Upper Peninsula KW - pollution KW - organo-metallics KW - geochemical cycle KW - limnology KW - methylmercury KW - metals KW - metal ores KW - lacustrine environment KW - Michigan KW - Lake Superior KW - waste disposal KW - aquatic environment KW - SEM data KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52187408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+of+the+...+Conference+of+the+International+Association+for+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Mercury+in+stamp+sand+discharges%3B+implications+for+Lake+Superior+mercury+cycling&rft.au=Harting%2C+S+L%3BKerfoot%2C+W+C%3BRossmann%2C+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Harting&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=A42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+of+the+...+Conference+of+the+International+Association+for+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - IAGLR '99; 42nd conference on Great Lakes research N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05410 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic environment; beneficiation; clastic sediments; copper ores; currents; experimental studies; geochemical cycle; geochemistry; Great Lakes; human activity; hydrology; Keweenaw Current; lacustrine environment; lacustrine sedimentation; lake currents; Lake Superior; limnology; mercury; metal ores; metals; methylation; methylmercury; Michigan; Michigan Upper Peninsula; North America; organo-metallics; pollutants; pollution; sand; sediment transport; sedimentation; sediments; SEM data; silver ores; United States; waste disposal; waste rock ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of geosites in Europe; state and trends AN - 52160895; 2002-006877 AB - Sites or areas of very high value for geoscientific nature conservation are protected in different ways. The most commonly applied forms to protect large areas are National Parks, Nature Reserves, and Landscape Protection areas. There is a wide variety of protection forms. They have different strength, from strictly protected areas of high scientific value to more indefinitely protected landscapes with scenic, as well as scientific values. Some protection types also allow possibilities for managing sites, giving information and making arrangements for the public. These are mainly National Parks, Natural Monuments, Nature Reserves, and Nature Conservation Areas of different kinds. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) reports on protected areas larger than 1,000 hectares consider mainly biological conditions. However, there are many smaller protected areas of high geoscientific value, for instance in Italy and Sweden. As geodiversity is fundamental for biodiversity, geoscientific knowledge and know-how should be applied in a holistic, systematic way to achieve a sustainable basis for Nature Conservation. JF - Memorie Descrittive della Carta Geologica d'Italia AU - Johansson, C E AU - Zarlenga, Francesco AU - Gisotti, Giuseppe A2 - Todisco, Andrea Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 13 EP - 21 PB - Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Rome VL - 54 SN - 0536-0242, 0536-0242 KW - protection KW - biodiversity KW - Western Europe KW - IUGS KW - geologic sites KW - legislation KW - national parks KW - international cooperation KW - Europe KW - public lands KW - environmental management KW - habitat KW - geodiversity KW - land management KW - associations KW - UNESCO KW - preservation KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52160895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memorie+Descrittive+della+Carta+Geologica+d%27Italia&rft.atitle=Protection+of+geosites+in+Europe%3B+state+and+trends&rft.au=Johansson%2C+C+E%3BZarlenga%2C+Francesco%3BGisotti%2C+Giuseppe&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memorie+Descrittive+della+Carta+Geologica+d%27Italia&rft.issn=05360242&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international symposium on the Conservation of our geological heritage/world heritage; geotope conservation world-wide, European and Italian experiences N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SGIMAC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - associations; biodiversity; environmental management; Europe; geodiversity; geologic sites; habitat; international cooperation; IUGS; land management; legislation; national parks; preservation; protection; public lands; UNESCO; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interfacial properties of multicomponent DNAPLs as a function of organic composition AN - 52155818; 2002-008289 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Barranco, Frank T, Jr AU - Dawson, Helen E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 217 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - hazardous waste KW - migration KW - experimental studies KW - pollution KW - properties KW - dense nonaqueous phase liquids KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - spatial distribution KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - quantitative analysis KW - composition KW - wettability KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52155818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Interfacial+properties+of+multicomponent+DNAPLs+as+a+function+of+organic+composition&rft.au=Barranco%2C+Frank+T%2C+Jr%3BDawson%2C+Helen+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Barranco&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1999 GSA annual meeting and exposition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - composition; dense nonaqueous phase liquids; experimental studies; geochemistry; hazardous waste; migration; nonaqueous phase liquids; organic acids; organic compounds; pH; pollution; properties; quantitative analysis; spatial distribution; wettability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geological world heritage; GEOSITES; a global comparative site inventory to enable prioritisation for conservation AN - 52155713; 2002-006882 AB - GEOSITES is a new and ambitious scheme to promote geoconservation. Earlier attempts at selecting geological sites for World Heritage status have come up against the problem that there was no international listing, let alone a fully documented global inventory or database of key Earth-science sites. IUGS initiated GEOSITES (replacing GILGES) to introduce a geological input to global conservation efforts. To realise the ambition of geologists to have a representative selection of internationally significant sites and terrains included in any World or Regional listing or category of site designation, including the World Heritage List, geologists (including geomorphologists and other specialists) themselves must first undertake the task of compiling comparative national and regional inventories, and this is the purpose of GEOSITES, an IUGS/UNESCO joint project: the task to be performed under the guidance of the Global Geosites Working Group (GGWG). The former Global Indicative List of Geological Sites (GILGES) project (under IUGS, UNESCO, IGCP and IUCN) was a first attempt to select prospective sites for World Heritage status, but this revealed the gaps in knowledge and clearly demonstrated those regions and countries where information was lacking. It also revealed that a far larger project was needed to assess global geological world heritage. This task may be a daunting one, and it will certainly take some years to achieve if all relevant individuals and organisations are consulted and all key sites assessed. To make any sense of the complex geomorphological, stratigraphic, volcanic and tectonic pattern of any country or region a concerted effort is needed, firstly to define the context, and then to fit sites (compared and graded) into that context. The former GILGES project suffered from the fact that there are inherent problems in trying to assess single sites in isolation as unrelated ad hoc suggestions: GEOSITES therefore is different--it is an inventory of single sites (or complexes or terrains of sites), but its methods are founded on the compilation of "nested" national groups of localities, justified comparatively in a defined regional geological context. All are asked to make their contribution to the work of the Global Geosites Working Group--either individually or collectively--to join one of the regional groups being set up, and to help in the proposal and documentation of geological heritage sites from their country. JF - Memorie Descrittive della Carta Geologica d'Italia AU - Wimbledon, W A P AU - Andersen, S AU - Cleal, C J AU - Cowie, J W AU - Erikstad, L AU - Gonggrijp, G P AU - Johansson, C E AU - Karis, L O AU - Suominen, V AU - Gisotti, Giuseppe AU - Zarlenga, Francesco A2 - Todisco, Andrea Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 45 EP - 60 PB - Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Rome VL - 54 SN - 0536-0242, 0536-0242 KW - protection KW - type localities KW - IUGS KW - geologic sites KW - global KW - data processing KW - natural curiosities KW - inventory KW - land management KW - data bases KW - associations KW - GEOSITES KW - UNESCO KW - preservation KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52155713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memorie+Descrittive+della+Carta+Geologica+d%27Italia&rft.atitle=Geological+world+heritage%3B+GEOSITES%3B+a+global+comparative+site+inventory+to+enable+prioritisation+for+conservation&rft.au=Wimbledon%2C+W+A+P%3BAndersen%2C+S%3BCleal%2C+C+J%3BCowie%2C+J+W%3BErikstad%2C+L%3BGonggrijp%2C+G+P%3BJohansson%2C+C+E%3BKaris%2C+L+O%3BSuominen%2C+V%3BGisotti%2C+Giuseppe%3BZarlenga%2C+Francesco&rft.aulast=Wimbledon&rft.aufirst=W+A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memorie+Descrittive+della+Carta+Geologica+d%27Italia&rft.issn=05360242&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international symposium on the Conservation of our geological heritage/world heritage; geotope conservation world-wide, European and Italian experiences N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SGIMAC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - associations; data bases; data processing; geologic sites; GEOSITES; global; inventory; IUGS; land management; natural curiosities; preservation; protection; type localities; UNESCO ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New developments in ground water monitoring and measurement AN - 52102376; 2002-041764 AB - This paper discusses recent U.S. EPA efforts to promote effective strategies applicable to site characterization and monitoring, and innovative tools specific to ground water. In particular, the wide-spread adoption of a new paradigm for hazardous waste site management is recommended. JF - Hydrological Science and Technology AU - Crumbling, Deana M AU - Tsang, Chin-Fu AU - Apps, John A Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 229 EP - 238 PB - American Institute of Hydrology, Saint Paul, MN VL - 15 IS - 1-4 SN - 0887-686X, 0887-686X KW - hazardous waste KW - water quality KW - water supply KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - in situ KW - regulations KW - government agencies KW - water management KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52102376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=New+developments+in+ground+water+monitoring+and+measurement&rft.au=Crumbling%2C+Deana+M%3BTsang%2C+Chin-Fu%3BApps%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Crumbling&rft.aufirst=Deana&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0887686X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1999 annual meeting of the American Institute of Hydrology and the Fourth USA/CIS joint conference on Environmental hydrology and hydrogeology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - MN N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; government agencies; ground water; hazardous waste; in situ; monitoring; pollution; regulations; toxic materials; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; water management; water quality; water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reductive detoxification and immobilization of chromate present in soils AN - 52102335; 2002-041757 AB - The in-situ permeable reactive barrier at the U.S. Coast Guard Air Support Center at Elizabeth City, North Carolina is very effective in remediating the contaminant plumes of TCE and chromate in the ground water, but it has limited effectiveness to attenuate chromate present as sorbed phases in the vadose zone. Manipulation of the oxidation-reduction (redox) status of a vadose zone is a viable approach for in-situ remediation of a redox-sensitive contaminant like chromate. It was hypothesized that by creating a reducing zone through introducing a reductant into the vadose zone, the soluble and sorbed Cr(VI) will be reduced and precipitated resulting in an immobile and less toxic Cr(III) mineral phase. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate potential reductants and their effectiveness to reduce highly Cr(VI)-contaminated soil or sediment samples collected from the vadose zone beneath the plating facility. The reductants evaluated were sodium dithionite, 1-ascorbic acid, and hydroxylamine. These reductants reduced chromate present in soils/sediments, and each provided a unique geochemical environment. Sodium dithionite proved to be the most effective reductant to detoxify chromate present in the vadose zone materials. JF - Hydrological Science and Technology AU - Khan, Faruque A AU - Puls, Robert W AU - Tsang, Chin-Fu AU - Apps, John A Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 138 EP - 144 PB - American Institute of Hydrology, Saint Paul, MN VL - 15 IS - 1-4 SN - 0887-686X, 0887-686X KW - United States KW - soils KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - degradation KW - in situ KW - contaminant plumes KW - Elizabeth City North Carolina KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - pollution KW - chromates KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - decontamination KW - North Carolina KW - Pasquotank County North Carolina KW - waste disposal KW - military facilities KW - mobility KW - disposal barriers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52102335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Reductive+detoxification+and+immobilization+of+chromate+present+in+soils&rft.au=Khan%2C+Faruque+A%3BPuls%2C+Robert+W%3BTsang%2C+Chin-Fu%3BApps%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Faruque&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0887686X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1999 annual meeting of the American Institute of Hydrology and the Fourth USA/CIS joint conference on Environmental hydrology and hydrogeology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - MN N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; chromates; contaminant plumes; decontamination; degradation; disposal barriers; Elizabeth City North Carolina; ground water; in situ; military facilities; mobility; North Carolina; oxidation; Pasquotank County North Carolina; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soils; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of impurities associated with aluminosilicates on arsenic sorption and oxidation AN - 52102328; 2002-041756 AB - Arsenite, As(III), and arsenate, As(V), are of increasing environmental concern. Risk assessment and risk management of arsenic contaminated sites requires a better understanding of arsenic-mineral interactions. Aluminosilicate minerals, such as feldspars and clays, are the most abundant constituents occurring in aquifer sediments, soils, and as suspended particles in ground water. Naturally occurring substances (e.g., iron, manganese, humic acid) can associate with minerals. Consequently, they could influence the behavior of alominosilicate minerals to arsenic adsorption. This laboratory work demonstrated that Fe and Mn oxide coatings on feldspar and kaolinite could alter the surface physicochemical properties of the minerals, causing an increase in the adsorption of arsenite and arsenate. Minerals treated with humic acid showed a significant decrease in the adsorption of As(V), but little change in the adsorption of As(III). The oxidation of As(III) to As(V) was significantly catalyzed by iodine ions associated with minerals, although present in trace amounts. JF - Hydrological Science and Technology AU - Lin, Zhixun AU - Puls, Robert W AU - Tsang, Chin-Fu AU - Apps, John A Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 130 EP - 137 PB - American Institute of Hydrology, Saint Paul, MN VL - 15 IS - 1-4 SN - 0887-686X, 0887-686X KW - silicates KW - sorption KW - halogens KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - iodine KW - attenuation KW - arsenates KW - aluminosilicates KW - sediments KW - trace elements KW - soils KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - oxidation KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - bioremediation KW - aquifers KW - arsenites KW - metals KW - risk assessment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52102328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+impurities+associated+with+aluminosilicates+on+arsenic+sorption+and+oxidation&rft.au=Lin%2C+Zhixun%3BPuls%2C+Robert+W%3BTsang%2C+Chin-Fu%3BApps%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Zhixun&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0887686X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1999 annual meeting of the American Institute of Hydrology and the Fourth USA/CIS joint conference on Environmental hydrology and hydrogeology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - MN N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; aluminosilicates; aquifers; arsenates; arsenic; arsenites; attenuation; bioremediation; concentration; ground water; halogens; iodine; metals; oxidation; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; remediation; risk assessment; sediments; silicates; soils; sorption; trace elements ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of levees on flood states and the benefits of managed flood storage AN - 51988403; 2003-030489 JF - Proceedings - Governor's Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System AU - Clark, Gary R AU - Dalton, Robert A2 - Strawn, Alesia M. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 151 EP - 159 PB - [University of Illinois Water Resources Center], [Urbana, IL] VL - 7 KW - United States KW - soil mechanics KW - Illinois KW - geologic hazards KW - engineering properties KW - sedimentation KW - Illinois River KW - preventive measures KW - levees KW - history KW - wetlands KW - erosion control KW - runoff KW - dams KW - floods KW - waterways KW - basin management KW - construction KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51988403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Governor%27s+Conference+on+the+Management+of+the+Illinois+River+System&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+levees+on+flood+states+and+the+benefits+of+managed+flood+storage&rft.au=Clark%2C+Gary+R%3BDalton%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Governor%27s+Conference+on+the+Management+of+the+Illinois+River+System&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - The Illinois River; responsible management for the new millennium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - IL] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03899 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basin management; construction; dams; engineering properties; erosion control; floods; geologic hazards; history; Illinois; Illinois River; levees; preventive measures; runoff; sedimentation; soil mechanics; United States; waterways; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of tracer breakthrough curves from tracing tests in karst aquifers AN - 51948447; 2003-065123 AB - Numerical analysis of tracer-breakthrough curves allow quick reliable estimates for many of the basic hydraulic and geometric parameters. Tracer-breakthrough curve analysis relies on the application of a continuous mass balance model for transport parameter estimation. Readily obtained hydraulic parameters required for modeling include peak arrival time and peak velocity, longitudinal dispersion, and Peclet number. Geometric parameters include volume, cross-sectional area, and diameter. Some boundary-layer effects can also be roughly estimated. JF - Karst Waters Institute Special Publication AU - Field, Malcolm S Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 163 EP - 171 PB - Karst Waters Institute, Charles Town, WV VL - 5 KW - mitigation KW - numerical models KW - transport KW - quantitative analysis KW - mathematical methods KW - karst hydrology KW - tracers KW - pollution KW - hydrodynamics KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51948447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Karst+Waters+Institute+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+tracer+breakthrough+curves+from+tracing+tests+in+karst+aquifers&rft.au=Field%2C+Malcolm+S&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=0964025841&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Karst+Waters+Institute+Special+Publication&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Karst modeling N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - #03893 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; ground water; hydrodynamics; karst hydrology; mathematical methods; mitigation; numerical models; pollution; quantitative analysis; tracers; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the importance of stock dye concentrations for accurate preparation of calibration standards AN - 51948271; 2003-065139 JF - Karst Waters Institute Special Publication AU - Field, Malcolm S Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 229 PB - Karst Waters Institute, Charles Town, WV VL - 5 KW - models KW - karst hydrology KW - dye tracers KW - hydrodynamics KW - calibration KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51948271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Karst+Waters+Institute+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=On+the+importance+of+stock+dye+concentrations+for+accurate+preparation+of+calibration+standards&rft.au=Field%2C+Malcolm+S&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=0964025841&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Karst+Waters+Institute+Special+Publication&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Karst modeling N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - #03893 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; calibration; dye tracers; ground water; hydrodynamics; karst hydrology; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonequilibrium solute-transport modeling in karst aquifers AN - 51947842; 2003-065124 JF - Karst Waters Institute Special Publication AU - Field, Malcolm S Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 172 PB - Karst Waters Institute, Charles Town, WV VL - 5 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - Quarry Spring KW - models KW - karst hydrology KW - Tennessee KW - hydrodynamics KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51947842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Karst+Waters+Institute+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Nonequilibrium+solute-transport+modeling+in+karst+aquifers&rft.au=Field%2C+Malcolm+S&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=0964025841&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Karst+Waters+Institute+Special+Publication&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Karst modeling N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WV N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - #03893 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; ground water; hydrodynamics; karst hydrology; models; Quarry Spring; solute transport; Tennessee; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of oxyanion adsorption mechanisms on oxides using FTIR spectroscopy and electrophoretic mobility AN - 51925881; 2003-075391 AB - Use of surface speciation models for prediction of adsorption and transport requires specification of the mode of bonding and speciation of oxyanions on oxide surfaces. FTIR spectroscopy (especially ATR and DRIFT) offers the potential to establish symmetry of surface species, protonation, and determination of monodentate or bidentate bonding. Determination of surface speciation is greatly enhanced when the spectroscopic information is combined with measurements of electrophoretic mobility (EM), calculation of point of zero charge and proton balance measurements before and after adsorption. We review adsorption of phosphate, carbonate, boron, selenate and selenite on Fe and Al oxides. New preliminary spectra and EM and proton balance information for arsenate and arsenite adsorption on amorphous Fe and Al oxide suggest that HAsO (sub 4) and H (sub 2) AsO (sub 3) are the dominant surface species. JF - ACS Symposium Series AU - Suarez, D L AU - Goldberg, S AU - Su, C A2 - Sparks, Donald L. A2 - Grundl, Timothy J. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 136 EP - 178 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 715 SN - 0097-6156, 0097-6156 KW - hydrates KW - anions KW - experimental studies KW - amorphous materials KW - data processing KW - arsenic KW - mineral-water interface KW - adsorption KW - infrared spectra KW - models KW - FTIR spectra KW - chemical reactions KW - transport KW - arsenate ion KW - metals KW - Fourier analysis KW - oxides KW - spectra KW - chemical fractionation KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 01C:Mineralogy of non-silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51925881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+Symposium+Series&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+oxyanion+adsorption+mechanisms+on+oxides+using+FTIR+spectroscopy+and+electrophoretic+mobility&rft.au=Suarez%2C+D+L%3BGoldberg%2C+S%3BSu%2C+C&rft.aulast=Suarez&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=715&rft.issue=&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=0841235937&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+Symposium+Series&rft.issn=00976156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Mineral-water interfacial reactions; kinetics and mechanisms N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ACSMC8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; amorphous materials; anions; arsenate ion; arsenic; chemical fractionation; chemical reactions; data processing; experimental studies; Fourier analysis; FTIR spectra; hydrates; infrared spectra; metals; mineral-water interface; models; oxides; spectra; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms in in-situ thermal remediation AN - 51873852; 2004-024050 JF - USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology AU - Davis, Eva L A2 - Apps, John A. A2 - Tsang, Chin-Fu Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 140 PB - American Institute of Hydrology VL - 4 KW - soils KW - processes KW - semivolatile organic compounds KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - mechanism KW - solubility KW - remediation KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - thermal remediation KW - volatile organic compounds KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51873852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA%2FCIS+Joint+Conference+on+Environmental+Hydrology+and+Hydrogeology&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+in+in-situ+thermal+remediation&rft.au=Davis%2C+Eva+L&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=USA%2FCIS+Joint+Conference+on+Environmental+Hydrology+and+Hydrogeology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1999 annual meeting of the American Institute of Hydrology and Fourth USA/CIS joint conference on Environmental hydrology and hydrogeology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03842 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - in situ; mechanism; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; processes; remediation; semivolatile organic compounds; soils; solubility; thermal remediation; volatile organic compounds; volatiles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term performance assessment of permeable reactive barriers to remediate contaminated ground water AN - 51871058; 2004-024046 JF - USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology AU - Puls, Robert W A2 - Apps, John A. A2 - Tsang, Chin-Fu Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 138 PB - American Institute of Hydrology VL - 4 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Jefferson County Colorado KW - Elizabeth City North Carolina KW - pollution KW - Strafford County New Hampshire KW - remediation KW - radioactive waste KW - Lakewood Colorado KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - New Hampshire KW - waste management KW - Somersworth New Hampshire KW - North Carolina KW - Pasquotank County North Carolina KW - waste disposal KW - Colorado KW - water resources KW - geochemistry KW - disposal barriers KW - Superfund sites KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51871058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA%2FCIS+Joint+Conference+on+Environmental+Hydrology+and+Hydrogeology&rft.atitle=Long-term+performance+assessment+of+permeable+reactive+barriers+to+remediate+contaminated+ground+water&rft.au=Puls%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Puls&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=USA%2FCIS+Joint+Conference+on+Environmental+Hydrology+and+Hydrogeology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1999 annual meeting of the American Institute of Hydrology and Fourth USA/CIS joint conference on Environmental hydrology and hydrogeology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03842 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Colorado; disposal barriers; Elizabeth City North Carolina; geochemistry; ground water; Jefferson County Colorado; Lakewood Colorado; New Hampshire; North Carolina; Pasquotank County North Carolina; pollution; radioactive waste; remediation; Somersworth New Hampshire; Strafford County New Hampshire; Superfund sites; United States; waste disposal; waste management; water quality; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reductive detoxification and immobilization of chromate present in soils AN - 51870703; 2004-024048 JF - USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology AU - Khan, F A AU - Paul, C J AU - Puls, Robert W A2 - Apps, John A. A2 - Tsang, Chin-Fu Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 139 PB - American Institute of Hydrology VL - 4 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Elizabeth City North Carolina KW - pollutants KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - chromate ion KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - detoxification KW - North Carolina KW - Pasquotank County North Carolina KW - water resources KW - geochemistry KW - permeability KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51870703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA%2FCIS+Joint+Conference+on+Environmental+Hydrology+and+Hydrogeology&rft.atitle=Reductive+detoxification+and+immobilization+of+chromate+present+in+soils&rft.au=Khan%2C+F+A%3BPaul%2C+C+J%3BPuls%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=USA%2FCIS+Joint+Conference+on+Environmental+Hydrology+and+Hydrogeology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1999 annual meeting of the American Institute of Hydrology and Fourth USA/CIS joint conference on Environmental hydrology and hydrogeology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03842 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; chromate ion; detoxification; Elizabeth City North Carolina; geochemistry; ground water; North Carolina; Pasquotank County North Carolina; permeability; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soils; United States; unsaturated zone; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New developments in groundwater monitoring and measurement AN - 51870504; 2004-024051 JF - USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology AU - Crumbling, Deana A2 - Apps, John A. A2 - Tsang, Chin-Fu Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 140 EP - 141 PB - American Institute of Hydrology VL - 4 KW - hazardous waste KW - water quality KW - technology KW - monitoring KW - sampling KW - pollution KW - water resources KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51870504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA%2FCIS+Joint+Conference+on+Environmental+Hydrology+and+Hydrogeology&rft.atitle=New+developments+in+groundwater+monitoring+and+measurement&rft.au=Crumbling%2C+Deana&rft.aulast=Crumbling&rft.aufirst=Deana&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=USA%2FCIS+Joint+Conference+on+Environmental+Hydrology+and+Hydrogeology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1999 annual meeting of the American Institute of Hydrology and Fourth USA/CIS joint conference on Environmental hydrology and hydrogeology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03842 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ground water; hazardous waste; monitoring; pollution; sampling; technology; water quality; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrocarbon and MTBE removal rates during natural attenuation application AN - 51856806; 2004-033564 AB - Removal rates of hydrocarbons and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from the non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) residual source floating over the water table were estimated with site characterization data at a petroleum contamination site at a US Coast Guard (USCG) Air Base. Site characterization activities included soil and groundwater sampling, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and components analysis in soil samples, analysis of hydrocarbons and electron acceptors in groundwater, and measurement of hydraulic conductivity. Total quantities of hydrocarbons and MTBE in the subsurface were estimated from soil sampling data. Dissolution rates of hydrocarbon components from the residual NAPL source into groundwater were estimated with a vertical diffusion model. Estimation of hydrocarbon and MTBE removal from the residual source in soil matrices was verified with a mass balance check. A mass balance check allowed the quantitative evaluation of the fate and transport of contaminants from the source to the sensitive receptors. The conceptual model and quantification of removal rates provided an estimation of the application period of natural attenuation at the site as the plume management strategy. JF - International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium AU - Cho, Jong Soo AU - Wilson, John T A2 - Alleman, Bruce C. A2 - Leeson, Andrea Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 109 EP - 114 PB - Battelle, [varies] VL - 5 KW - United States KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - contaminant plumes KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - ethers KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - decontamination KW - mass balance KW - natural attenuation KW - Pasquotank County North Carolina KW - soils KW - Elizabeth City North Carolina KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - rates KW - petroleum products KW - BTEX KW - aquifers KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - organic compounds KW - North Carolina KW - hydrocarbons KW - theoretical models KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51856806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+In+Situ+and+On-Site+Bioremediation+Symposium&rft.atitle=Hydrocarbon+and+MTBE+removal+rates+during+natural+attenuation+application&rft.au=Cho%2C+Jong+Soo%3BWilson%2C+John+T&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=Jong&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=1574770748&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+In+Situ+and+On-Site+Bioremediation+Symposium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fifth international in situ and on-site bioremediation symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06248 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; BTEX; contaminant plumes; decontamination; Elizabeth City North Carolina; environmental analysis; ethers; ground water; hydrocarbons; mass balance; methyl tert-butyl ether; natural attenuation; nonaqueous phase liquids; North Carolina; organic compounds; Pasquotank County North Carolina; petroleum products; pollutants; pollution; rates; remediation; soils; theoretical models; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contaminated sediment management in the Great Lakes basin ecosystem AN - 51856269; 2004-033529 AB - Contaminated sediment remains a pervasive problem to the restoration and delisting in all of the Great Lakes Areas of Concern. Like many other problems, both identification and implementation of ecologically and economically acceptable solutions is complex. Recognizing the scope of this issue and perceiving that limited progress had been achieved, the International Joint Commission (IJC) asked its Great Lakes Water Quality Board to review the magnitude of the problem and what progress had been made in managing contaminated sediment by Canada and the United States. In addition, the Commission also asked for an identification of obstacles to remediation and recommendations for solutions. This paper provides a synopsis of this work and a summary of an IJC workshop held in June of 1997, in Collingwood, Ontario. Six categories of obstacles to sediment remediation are discussed, potential solutions are identified, and a series of recommendations are proposed. A plan of action to further develop approaches to sediment management and to stimulate additional remediation throughout the basin is also presented. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - Zarull, Michael A AU - Hartig, John H AU - Krantzberg, Gail AU - Burch, Kelvin AU - Cowgill, David AU - Hill, Greg AU - Miller, Jan AU - Sherbin, I Griff Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 412 EP - 422 PB - International Association for Great Lakes Research (IAGLR), Ann Arbor, MI VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - water quality KW - programs KW - North America KW - Great Lakes region KW - pollutants KW - public policy KW - water management KW - pollution KW - ecosystems KW - remediation KW - ecology KW - water resources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51856269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Contaminated+sediment+management+in+the+Great+Lakes+basin+ecosystem&rft.au=Zarull%2C+Michael+A%3BHartig%2C+John+H%3BKrantzberg%2C+Gail%3BBurch%2C+Kelvin%3BCowgill%2C+David%3BHill%2C+Greg%3BMiller%2C+Jan%3BSherbin%2C+I+Griff&rft.aulast=Zarull&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.iaglr.org/jglr/journal.php LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGLRDE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecology; ecosystems; Great Lakes region; North America; pollutants; pollution; programs; public policy; remediation; water management; water quality; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of bioscreen to evaluate natural attenuation of MTBE AN - 51853512; 2004-033565 AB - The decision support system BIOSCREEN was applied to evaluate natural attenuation at two fuel spills at the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center at Elizabeth City, NC. One site is an old tank farm and will be referred to as the Fuel Farm Site (Figure 1). The other site was a leak from an underground pipeline and will be referred to as the Fire Station Site. The Support Center is located in a flood plain landscape on the south bank of the Pasquotank River. Ground water moves in a shallow, confined aquifer directly toward the river. At both spills, the geochemical parameters of the ground water were monitored to ensure that the monitoring wells used to calibrate the model to the plume were not askew the centerline. Particularly important to the calibration were accumulation of iron (II) and methane in monitoring wells downgradient of the source as an indication that the monitoring wells sampled the plume of contamination. BIOSCREEN (U.S. EPA, 1997) is a simple mathematical model built around the analytical solutions of Domenico and Schwartz (1990) to evaluate transport and fate of organic contaminants in water and can be used as a decision support system to screen sites to determine whether natural attenuation can bring contaminants to acceptable concentrations before they impact receptors. The model is calibrated to concentrations in monitoring wells along a centerline flow path from a spill toward a receptor and to the hydrogeological properties of the aquifer. The release of fuel at the fuel farm site is depicted in Figure 1. The LNAPL occupies an area approximately 120 meters in diameter, located 230 meters from the shore of the Pasquotank River. The hydraulic gradient is directly toward the river. A line of monitoring wells was established extending from the upgradient margin of the LNAPL (CPT-2), through the hot spot of the LNAPL (CPT-1), to just beyond the downgradient edge of the LNAPL (CPT-5), then downgradient in the plume (ESM-14 and ESM-10) to the margin of the river (GP-1). The concentration of MTBE was low in the well at the leading edge of the LNAPL, increased to 3.9 mg/L in the well in the hot spot, then decreased down gradient of the fuel spill to concentrations less than 0.001 mg/L (Table 1). The concentration of iron (II) and methane were also low in the well at the leading edge of the LNAPL, and reached a higher concentration at the hot spot. The concentration of iron (II) continued to increase with distance downgradient while the concentration of methane stabilized at a high concentration. The disappearance of MTBE in the ground water that maintained high concentrations of methane and iron (II) indicates that the attenuation of MTBE was due to biodegradation, not dilution or dispersion. JF - International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium AU - Wilson, Barbara H AU - Shen, Hai AU - Cho, Jong Soo AU - Vardy, James Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 115 EP - 120 PB - Battelle, [varies] VL - 5 KW - United States KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - contaminant plumes KW - light nonaqueous phase liquids KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - ethers KW - BIOSCREEN KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - Pasquotank River KW - Pasquotank County North Carolina KW - leaking underground storage tanks KW - Elizabeth City North Carolina KW - confined aquifers KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - decision-making KW - BTEX KW - aquifers KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - North Carolina KW - hydrocarbons KW - shallow aquifers KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51853512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+In+Situ+and+On-Site+Bioremediation+Symposium&rft.atitle=Use+of+bioscreen+to+evaluate+natural+attenuation+of+MTBE&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Barbara+H%3BShen%2C+Hai%3BCho%2C+Jong+Soo%3BVardy%2C+James&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=1574770748&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+In+Situ+and+On-Site+Bioremediation+Symposium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fifth international in situ and on-site bioremediation symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - #06248 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; BIOSCREEN; BTEX; confined aquifers; contaminant plumes; decision-making; Elizabeth City North Carolina; environmental analysis; ethers; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; hydrocarbons; leaking underground storage tanks; light nonaqueous phase liquids; mathematical models; methyl tert-butyl ether; models; nonaqueous phase liquids; North Carolina; organic compounds; Pasquotank County North Carolina; Pasquotank River; pollution; remediation; shallow aquifers; solutes; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anaerobic biodegradation of MTBE in a contaminated aquifer AN - 51853324; 2004-033563 AB - A high-resolution aquifer characterization at the United States Coast Guard Support Center in Elizabeth City, North Carolina revealed convincing evidence of anaerobic biodegradation of methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE). As part of the study, eleven temporary, direct-push wells were installed in a plume transect arrangement and sampled. MTBE was noticeably absent near the core of the plume, while an MTBE daughter product, TBA, was present only at that location. These findings suggest that MTBE is anaerobically degrading. JF - International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium AU - Hurt, Kelly L AU - Wilson, John T AU - Beck, Frank P AU - Cho, Jong Soo A2 - Alleman, Bruce C. A2 - Leeson, Andrea Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 103 EP - 108 PB - Battelle, [varies] VL - 5 KW - United States KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - biodegradation KW - degradation KW - contaminant plumes KW - Elizabeth City North Carolina KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - BTEX KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - ethers KW - organic compounds KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - Pasquotank River KW - North Carolina KW - hydrocarbons KW - anaerobic environment KW - Pasquotank County North Carolina KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51853324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+In+Situ+and+On-Site+Bioremediation+Symposium&rft.atitle=Anaerobic+biodegradation+of+MTBE+in+a+contaminated+aquifer&rft.au=Hurt%2C+Kelly+L%3BWilson%2C+John+T%3BBeck%2C+Frank+P%3BCho%2C+Jong+Soo&rft.aulast=Hurt&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=1574770748&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+In+Situ+and+On-Site+Bioremediation+Symposium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fifth international in situ and on-site bioremediation symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06248 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anaerobic environment; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; biodegradation; BTEX; contaminant plumes; degradation; Elizabeth City North Carolina; environmental analysis; ethers; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; hydrocarbons; methyl tert-butyl ether; North Carolina; organic compounds; Pasquotank County North Carolina; Pasquotank River; pollutants; pollution; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anthropogenic copper inventories and mercury profiles from Lake Superior; evidence for mining impacts AN - 51846148; 2004-038619 AB - During the past 150 years, the mining industry discharged more than a billion tons of tailings along Lake Superior shorelines' and constructed numerous smelters in the watershed. Given the vast size of Lake Superior, were sediment profiles at locations far offshore impacted by nearshore activities? Did copper and associated precious metal mining modify regional fluxes for copper and mercury? Samples from thirty sediment cores document that background concentrations of copper are high (mean 60.9+ or -7.0 ug/g), due to the proximity of natural ore sources. Anthropogenic inventories uncorrected for focusing also are high, ranging from 20 to 780 mu g/cm (super 2) (mean 187+ or -54 mu g/cm (super 2) ). Focusing factor corrections decrease the mean estimate and reduce variance (144+ or -24 mu g/cm (super 2) ). Several approaches to estimating inputs suggest that only 6 to 10% of historic copper deposition originated directly from atmospheric sources, emphasizing terrestrial sources. Moreover, coastal sediment cores often show synchronous early increases in copper and mercury with buried maxima. Around the Keweenaw Peninsula, twenty-two cores trace high copper and mercury inventories back to mill and smelting sources. Direct assays of ores from thirteen mine sites confirm a natural amalgam source of mercury in the stamp mill discharges. Core records from inland lakes (Michigamme Project) also reveal patterns of copper and mercury inputs from a variety of mining sources: historic tailing inputs, amalgam assay releases, and atmospheric smelter plumes. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - Kerfoot, W Charles AU - Harting, Sandra AU - Rossmann, Ronald AU - Robbins, John A A2 - Matisoff, Gerald Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 663 EP - 682 PB - International Association for Great Lakes Research (IAGLR), Ann Arbor, MI VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - North America KW - mining KW - copper KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - effects KW - ecosystems KW - mining geology KW - metals KW - Great Lakes KW - ecology KW - Lake Superior KW - tailings KW - mercury KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51846148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Anthropogenic+copper+inventories+and+mercury+profiles+from+Lake+Superior%3B+evidence+for+mining+impacts&rft.au=Kerfoot%2C+W+Charles%3BHarting%2C+Sandra%3BRossmann%2C+Ronald%3BRobbins%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Kerfoot&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.iaglr.org/jglr/journal.php LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGLRDE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - copper; ecology; ecosystems; effects; Great Lakes; Lake Superior; mercury; metals; mining; mining geology; North America; pollutants; pollution; tailings ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorine-isotopic ratios of semivolatile chlorinated organic compounds AN - 51602207; 2006-032393 JF - LPI Contribution AU - Reddy, C M AU - Heraty, L J AU - Holt, B D AU - Sturchio, N C AU - Eglinton, T I AU - Maruya, K A AU - Lake, J L AU - Agee, C AU - Bowers, T AU - Bowring, S A AU - Frey, F A AU - Hayes, J M AU - Holland, H AU - Jacobsen, S B AU - McDonough, W F AU - Murray, R AU - Rudnick, R L AU - Shimizu, N AU - Schrag, D P AU - Van Baalen, M Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 241 EP - 242 PB - Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX SN - 0161-5297, 0161-5297 KW - United States KW - chlorine KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - semivolatile organic compounds KW - isotopes KW - pollutants KW - isotope ratios KW - biochemistry KW - halogens KW - pollution KW - stable isotopes KW - case studies KW - Turtle River estuary KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - New Bedford Harbor KW - Massachusetts KW - Cl-37/Cl-35 KW - volatile organic compounds KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - geochemistry KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51602207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LPI+Contribution&rft.atitle=Chlorine-isotopic+ratios+of+semivolatile+chlorinated+organic+compounds&rft.au=Reddy%2C+C+M%3BHeraty%2C+L+J%3BHolt%2C+B+D%3BSturchio%2C+N+C%3BEglinton%2C+T+I%3BMaruya%2C+K+A%3BLake%2C+J+L%3BAgee%2C+C%3BBowers%2C+T%3BBowring%2C+S+A%3BFrey%2C+F+A%3BHayes%2C+J+M%3BHolland%2C+H%3BJacobsen%2C+S+B%3BMcDonough%2C+W+F%3BMurray%2C+R%3BRudnick%2C+R+L%3BShimizu%2C+N%3BSchrag%2C+D+P%3BVan+Baalen%2C+M&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=LPI+Contribution&rft.issn=01615297&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Ninth annual V. M. Goldschmidt conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Paper copy and CD-ROM N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - LPCODB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biochemistry; case studies; chlorinated hydrocarbons; chlorine; Cl-37/Cl-35; geochemistry; halogenated hydrocarbons; halogens; isotope ratios; isotopes; Massachusetts; New Bedford Harbor; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; semivolatile organic compounds; stable isotopes; Turtle River estuary; United States; volatile organic compounds; volatiles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analytical method for the determination of different carbon fractions in soils AN - 51602061; 2006-032244 JF - LPI Contribution AU - Kuhlbusch, T A J AU - Zepp, R G AU - Trumbore, S E AU - Agee, C AU - Bowers, T AU - Bowring, S A AU - Frey, F A AU - Hayes, J M AU - Holland, H AU - Jacobsen, S B AU - McDonough, W F AU - Murray, R AU - Rudnick, R L AU - Shimizu, N AU - Schrag, D P AU - Van Baalen, M Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 163 EP - 164 PB - Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX SN - 0161-5297, 0161-5297 KW - soils KW - radioactive isotopes KW - sampling KW - isotopes KW - carbon KW - C-14 KW - vegetation KW - organic carbon KW - geochemistry KW - carbon dioxide KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51602061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LPI+Contribution&rft.atitle=An+analytical+method+for+the+determination+of+different+carbon+fractions+in+soils&rft.au=Kuhlbusch%2C+T+A+J%3BZepp%2C+R+G%3BTrumbore%2C+S+E%3BAgee%2C+C%3BBowers%2C+T%3BBowring%2C+S+A%3BFrey%2C+F+A%3BHayes%2C+J+M%3BHolland%2C+H%3BJacobsen%2C+S+B%3BMcDonough%2C+W+F%3BMurray%2C+R%3BRudnick%2C+R+L%3BShimizu%2C+N%3BSchrag%2C+D+P%3BVan+Baalen%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kuhlbusch&rft.aufirst=T+A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=LPI+Contribution&rft.issn=01615297&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Ninth annual V. M. Goldschmidt conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Paper copy and CD-ROM N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - LPCODB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - C-14; carbon; carbon dioxide; geochemistry; isotopes; organic carbon; radioactive isotopes; sampling; soils; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partitioning of trace metals in anoxic Black Sea sediments AN - 51601367; 2006-032554 JF - LPI Contribution AU - Wilkin, R T AU - Arthur, M A AU - Agee, C AU - Bowers, T AU - Bowring, S A AU - Frey, F A AU - Hayes, J M AU - Holland, H AU - Jacobsen, S B AU - McDonough, W F AU - Murray, R AU - Rudnick, R L AU - Shimizu, N AU - Schrag, D P AU - Van Baalen, M Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 327 EP - 328 PB - Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX SN - 0161-5297, 0161-5297 KW - sediment-water interface KW - Black Sea KW - East Mediterranean KW - partitioning KW - marine sediments KW - sampling KW - metals KW - sediments KW - anaerobic environment KW - trace metals KW - Mediterranean Sea KW - geochemistry KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51601367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LPI+Contribution&rft.atitle=Partitioning+of+trace+metals+in+anoxic+Black+Sea+sediments&rft.au=Wilkin%2C+R+T%3BArthur%2C+M+A%3BAgee%2C+C%3BBowers%2C+T%3BBowring%2C+S+A%3BFrey%2C+F+A%3BHayes%2C+J+M%3BHolland%2C+H%3BJacobsen%2C+S+B%3BMcDonough%2C+W+F%3BMurray%2C+R%3BRudnick%2C+R+L%3BShimizu%2C+N%3BSchrag%2C+D+P%3BVan+Baalen%2C+M&rft.aulast=Wilkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=LPI+Contribution&rft.issn=01615297&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Ninth annual V. M. Goldschmidt conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Paper copy and CD-ROM N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - LPCODB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anaerobic environment; Black Sea; East Mediterranean; geochemistry; marine sediments; Mediterranean Sea; metals; partitioning; sampling; sediment-water interface; sediments; trace metals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the fate of mercury in a fresh water body and the surrounding watershed AN - 51597974; 2006-034595 JF - International Conference - Mercury as a Global Pollutant AU - Ambrose, R AU - Lyon, B AU - Rice, G AU - Tsiros, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 344 PB - CETEM - Center for Mineral Technology, Rio de Janeiro VL - 5 KW - watersheds KW - suspended materials KW - ecosystems KW - environmental effects KW - human ecology KW - environmental management KW - sediments KW - drainage basins KW - algorithms KW - water pollution KW - geochemistry KW - mercury KW - hydrology KW - recycling KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - fresh-water environment KW - organo-metallics KW - hydrochemistry KW - models KW - ponds KW - methylmercury KW - deposition KW - soil pollution KW - metals KW - mathematical methods KW - lacustrine environment KW - lake sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51597974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+-+Mercury+as+a+Global+Pollutant&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+fate+of+mercury+in+a+fresh+water+body+and+the+surrounding+watershed&rft.au=Ambrose%2C+R%3BLyon%2C+B%3BRice%2C+G%3BTsiros%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ambrose&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+-+Mercury+as+a+Global+Pollutant&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 5th international conference; Mercury as a global pollutant N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06647 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; deposition; drainage basins; ecosystems; environmental effects; environmental management; fresh-water environment; geochemistry; human ecology; hydrochemistry; hydrology; lacustrine environment; lake sediments; mathematical methods; mercury; metals; methylmercury; models; organo-metallics; pollutants; pollution; ponds; recycling; sediments; soil pollution; surface water; suspended materials; water pollution; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deep rock terminal storage of mercury; an important step on the road to a sustainable society AN - 51595641; 2006-034618 JF - International Conference - Mercury as a Global Pollutant AU - Rein, K AU - Finn, A N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 501 PB - CETEM - Center for Mineral Technology, Rio de Janeiro VL - 5 KW - hazardous waste KW - bedrock KW - water quality KW - toxic materials KW - Western Europe KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - Europe KW - drinking water KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - environmental management KW - Scandinavia KW - metals KW - sustainable development KW - waste disposal KW - water resources KW - underground disposal KW - Sweden KW - mercury KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51595641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+-+Mercury+as+a+Global+Pollutant&rft.atitle=Deep+rock+terminal+storage+of+mercury%3B+an+important+step+on+the+road+to+a+sustainable+society&rft.au=Rein%2C+K%3BFinn%2C+A+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Rein&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+-+Mercury+as+a+Global+Pollutant&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 5th international conference; Mercury as a global pollutant N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06647 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedrock; drinking water; environmental management; Europe; ground water; hazardous waste; mercury; metals; pollutants; pollution; remediation; Scandinavia; sustainable development; Sweden; toxic materials; underground disposal; waste disposal; water quality; water resources; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical evolution of ground water and transport of mercury at the Sulfur Bank Mercury Superfund site in Northern California, USA AN - 51595590; 2006-034600 JF - International Conference - Mercury as a Global Pollutant AU - Lechler, P J AU - Jewett, D G AU - d'Almeida, C K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 352 PB - CETEM - Center for Mineral Technology, Rio de Janeiro VL - 5 KW - United States KW - mining KW - Clear Lake KW - ecosystems KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - California KW - transport KW - Sulfur Bank Mine KW - Herman Pit KW - movement KW - springs KW - open-pit mining KW - discharge KW - chemical composition KW - Northern California KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - abandoned mines KW - Superfund sites KW - mercury KW - mercury ores KW - mines KW - monitoring KW - acid mine drainage KW - waste rock KW - surface mining KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - metals KW - metal ores KW - Lake County California KW - tailings KW - aquatic environment KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51595590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+-+Mercury+as+a+Global+Pollutant&rft.atitle=Geochemical+evolution+of+ground+water+and+transport+of+mercury+at+the+Sulfur+Bank+Mercury+Superfund+site+in+Northern+California%2C+USA&rft.au=Lechler%2C+P+J%3BJewett%2C+D+G%3Bd%27Almeida%2C+C+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lechler&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+-+Mercury+as+a+Global+Pollutant&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 5th international conference; Mercury as a global pollutant N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06647 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; aquatic environment; California; chemical composition; Clear Lake; discharge; ecosystems; environmental analysis; geochemistry; ground water; Herman Pit; hydrochemistry; Lake County California; mercury; mercury ores; metal ores; metals; mines; mining; monitoring; movement; Northern California; open-pit mining; pH; pollutants; pollution; springs; Sulfur Bank Mine; Superfund sites; surface mining; tailings; transport; United States; waste rock ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The maximum tolerable atmospheric mercury deposition ("critical load"); concepts, criteria, biogeochemical models, and validation tests for Swedish forest and lake ecosystems AN - 51595276; 2006-034565 JF - International Conference - Mercury as a Global Pollutant AU - Meili, M AU - Sverdrup, H AU - Bishop, K H AU - Bringmark, L AU - Johansson, K AU - Hultberg, H AU - Munthe, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 185 PB - CETEM - Center for Mineral Technology, Rio de Janeiro VL - 5 KW - lakes KW - Europe KW - vegetation KW - environmental analysis KW - air pollution KW - critical load KW - ecology KW - water pollution KW - geochemistry KW - mercury KW - forests KW - Western Europe KW - pollutants KW - biochemistry KW - pollution KW - atmosphere KW - geochemical cycle KW - models KW - Scandinavia KW - deposition KW - soil pollution KW - metals KW - testing KW - risk assessment KW - Sweden KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51595276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+-+Mercury+as+a+Global+Pollutant&rft.atitle=The+maximum+tolerable+atmospheric+mercury+deposition+%28%22critical+load%22%29%3B+concepts%2C+criteria%2C+biogeochemical+models%2C+and+validation+tests+for+Swedish+forest+and+lake+ecosystems&rft.au=Meili%2C+M%3BSverdrup%2C+H%3BBishop%2C+K+H%3BBringmark%2C+L%3BJohansson%2C+K%3BHultberg%2C+H%3BMunthe%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Meili&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+-+Mercury+as+a+Global+Pollutant&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 5th international conference; Mercury as a global pollutant N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06647 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; atmosphere; biochemistry; critical load; deposition; ecology; environmental analysis; Europe; forests; geochemical cycle; geochemistry; lakes; mercury; metals; models; pollutants; pollution; risk assessment; Scandinavia; soil pollution; Sweden; testing; vegetation; water pollution; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing health risks from chemical mixtures AN - 51362530; 2001-013173 AB - At most Superfund Sites, one must assess potential health effects on more than one chemical in a contaminated media. Estimating those risks by considering one chemical at a time might significantly underestimate the risks associated with simultaneous exposure to multiple chemicals, which may interact with one another. The effects of two or more chemicals given simultaneously may produce a response which is additive of their individual responses,or may be greater or less than that expected by addition of their individual responses. The 1986 USEPA "Guidelines for Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures" recommends three approaches to quantitation of health risk for a chemical mixture, depending upon the type of available data. In the first approach, toxicity data on the mixture of concern are available and the quantitative risk assessment is done directly from these preferred data. In the second approach, when toxicity data are not available for the mixture of concern, using toxicity data on a "sufficiently similar" mixture is recommended. Finally, the third approach is to evaluate the mixture through an analysis of its components, e.g., using dose-addition for similarly acting chemicals and response-addition for independently acting chemicals. The choice of approach will depend on the nature and quality of the available data, the type of mixture, the type of assessment being made, the known toxic effects of the mixture or of it components, the toxicologic or structural similarity of a class of mixtures or of mixture components, and the nature of the environmental exposure. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Griffin, Susan AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 217 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - toxicity KW - quantitative analysis KW - medical geology KW - Superfund KW - pollution KW - risk assessment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51362530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Assessing+health+risks+from+chemical+mixtures&rft.au=Griffin%2C+Susan%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - medical geology; pollution; quantitative analysis; risk assessment; Superfund; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of carbohydrates during early diagenesis of five vascular plant tissues AN - 51322113; 1999-026395 JF - Organic Geochemistry AU - Opsahl, Stephen AU - Benner, Ronald Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 83 EP - 94 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0146-6380, 0146-6380 KW - Monocotyledoneae KW - Spermatophyta KW - wood KW - characterization KW - vascular taxa KW - Coniferales KW - leaves KW - sugars KW - Taxodium KW - carbon KW - glucose KW - colorimetry KW - carbohydrates KW - Spartina KW - particulate materials KW - organic carbon KW - Spartina alterniflora KW - MBTH method KW - Plantae KW - early diagenesis KW - chemical analysis KW - xylose KW - uronic acids KW - Avicennia germinans KW - Gymnospermae KW - Taxodium distichum KW - organic compounds KW - diagenesis KW - ketoses KW - Gramineae KW - aquatic environment KW - Angiospermae KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51322113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Organic+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+carbohydrates+during+early+diagenesis+of+five+vascular+plant+tissues&rft.au=Opsahl%2C+Stephen%3BBenner%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=Opsahl&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Organic+Geochemistry&rft.issn=01466380&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01466380 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Angiospermae; aquatic environment; Avicennia germinans; carbohydrates; carbon; characterization; chemical analysis; colorimetry; Coniferales; diagenesis; early diagenesis; glucose; Gramineae; Gymnospermae; ketoses; leaves; MBTH method; Monocotyledoneae; organic carbon; organic compounds; particulate materials; Plantae; Spartina; Spartina alterniflora; Spermatophyta; sugars; Taxodium; Taxodium distichum; uronic acids; vascular taxa; wood; xylose ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of contaminated sediments in New York/New Jersey Harbor AN - 51208972; 2000-046594 JF - Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences AU - Stern, Eric A AU - Donato, Kerwin R AU - Jones, Keith W AU - Clesceri, Nicholas L A2 - Friedman, Gerald M. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 129 PB - Northeastern Science Foundation, Troy, NY VL - 21 IS - 1-2 SN - 1933-2742, 1933-2742 KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - pollutants KW - harbors KW - pollution KW - New York City New York KW - New York KW - decontamination KW - water treatment KW - sediments KW - pilot plants KW - coastal environment KW - New Jersey KW - estuarine environment KW - water pollution KW - Hudson River KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51208972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeastern+Geology+and+Environmental+Sciences&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+contaminated+sediments+in+New+York%2FNew+Jersey+Harbor&rft.au=Stern%2C+Eric+A%3BDonato%2C+Kerwin+R%3BJones%2C+Keith+W%3BClesceri%2C+Nicholas+L&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northeastern+Geology+and+Environmental+Sciences&rft.issn=19332742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Symposium of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on Dredging harbors ; what to do with toxic waste N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coastal environment; concentration; decontamination; estuarine environment; harbors; hazardous waste; Hudson River; New Jersey; New York; New York City New York; pilot plants; pollutants; pollution; sediments; toxic materials; United States; water pollution; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acoustic techniques for the mapping of the distribution of contaminated sediments AN - 51206415; 2000-046595 AB - An overview of the last 30 years of analytical research into the acoustic properties of harbor marine sediments has allowed the extension of the original work of Hamilton (1970) into a production system for classifying the density and bulk physical properties of standard marine sediments (gas and pollution free). This system relates the acoustic variables of reflection coefficient, absorption and sound velocity to the physical properties of the bottom, bulk density, grain size, and porosity. This system allowed the development of acquisition quality assurance procedures. The resultant precision of data based on these procedures enabled the examination and the development of acoustic deviation models to explore anomalies in shallow subbottom data from contaminated areas. A three-year program was undertaken with the USEPA-Large Lakes Research Station to gather acoustic data at a test site where detailed chemical and physical core data were available to verify this model concept. The combining of intelligent core placement and micro-spaced acoustic survey lines allowed derivation of the acoustic properties of the bottom sediments for the site. Initial results indicated that the deviations in acoustic properties from normal sediments were found to be related to gross gas and contaminant content of these sediments. The initial analytical models are presented with illustrations of the use of this technique for contaminated sediment mapping. JF - Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences AU - Caulfield, David D AU - Filkins, John C A2 - Friedman, Gerald M. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 130 EP - 135 PB - Northeastern Science Foundation, Troy, NY VL - 21 IS - 1-2 SN - 1933-2742, 1933-2742 KW - techniques KW - calibration KW - layered materials KW - spatial distribution KW - acoustical methods KW - spatial variations KW - transport KW - sediments KW - ecology KW - depositional environment KW - algorithms KW - mobility KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - bulk density KW - acoustical properties KW - cartography KW - pollutants KW - human activity KW - grain size KW - sedimentation KW - harbors KW - geophysical methods KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - mathematical models KW - marine environment KW - lacustrine environment KW - unconsolidated materials KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51206415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeastern+Geology+and+Environmental+Sciences&rft.atitle=Acoustic+techniques+for+the+mapping+of+the+distribution+of+contaminated+sediments&rft.au=Caulfield%2C+David+D%3BFilkins%2C+John+C&rft.aulast=Caulfield&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northeastern+Geology+and+Environmental+Sciences&rft.issn=19332742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Symposium of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on Dredging harbors ; what to do with toxic waste N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acoustical methods; acoustical properties; algorithms; bulk density; calibration; cartography; concentration; depositional environment; ecology; geophysical methods; grain size; harbors; human activity; lacustrine environment; layered materials; marine environment; mathematical models; mobility; monitoring; pollutants; pollution; porous materials; sedimentation; sediments; spatial distribution; spatial variations; techniques; transport; unconsolidated materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A toxics source reduction program for the New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary AN - 51204146; 2000-046590 JF - Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences AU - Ausubel, Seth A2 - Friedman, Gerald M. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 129 PB - Northeastern Science Foundation, Troy, NY VL - 21 IS - 1-2 SN - 1933-2742, 1933-2742 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - PCBs KW - organochlorine pesticides KW - decontamination KW - sediments KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - estuarine environment KW - discharge KW - mercury KW - programs KW - insecticides KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - sewage KW - pollutants KW - harbors KW - pollution KW - dioxins KW - dredged materials KW - New York City New York KW - organic compounds KW - New York KW - metals KW - DDT KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - coastal environment KW - New Jersey KW - waste disposal KW - pesticides KW - Hudson River KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51204146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeastern+Geology+and+Environmental+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+toxics+source+reduction+program+for+the+New+York-New+Jersey+Harbor+Estuary&rft.au=Ausubel%2C+Seth&rft.aulast=Ausubel&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northeastern+Geology+and+Environmental+Sciences&rft.issn=19332742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Symposium of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on Dredging harbors ; what to do with toxic waste N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; chlorinated hydrocarbons; coastal environment; concentration; DDT; decontamination; dioxins; discharge; dredged materials; estuarine environment; halogenated hydrocarbons; harbors; Hudson River; hydrocarbons; insecticides; mercury; metals; monitoring; New Jersey; New York; New York City New York; organic compounds; organochlorine pesticides; PCBs; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; programs; sediments; sewage; toxic materials; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The nature of human impacts on karst waters; extractive industries impact AN - 51020208; 1999-063685 JF - International Contributions to Hydrogeology AU - Hess, John W AU - Slattery, Linda D A2 - Drew, David A2 - Hoetzl, Heinz Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 187 EP - 223 PB - A.A.Balkema, Rotterdam VL - 20 SN - 0936-3912, 0936-3912 KW - limestone KW - water quality KW - petroleum exploration KW - mining KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - karst hydrology KW - unsaturated zone KW - petroleum KW - karst KW - land subsidence KW - production KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - saturated zone KW - sedimentary rocks KW - open-pit mining KW - industry KW - surface mining KW - human activity KW - quarries KW - host rocks KW - aquifers KW - case studies KW - drawdown KW - metal ores KW - carbonate rocks KW - solution features KW - minerals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51020208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Contributions+to+Hydrogeology&rft.atitle=The+nature+of+human+impacts+on+karst+waters%3B+extractive+industries+impact&rft.au=Hess%2C+John+W%3BSlattery%2C+Linda+D&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=9054104635&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Contributions+to+Hydrogeology&rft.issn=09363912&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sects., 2 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; carbonate rocks; case studies; drawdown; environmental analysis; geologic hazards; ground water; host rocks; human activity; industry; karst; karst hydrology; land subsidence; limestone; metal ores; minerals; mining; open-pit mining; petroleum; petroleum exploration; production; quarries; remediation; saturated zone; sedimentary rocks; solution features; surface mining; underground mining; unsaturated zone; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compatibility of bentonite and DNAPLs AN - 51019333; 1999-055233 AB - The compatibility of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), trichloroethylene (TCE), methylene chloride (MC), and creosote with commercially available sodium bentonite pellets was evaluated using stainless steel, double ring, falling head permeameters. The hydraulic conductivity (K) of the bentonite clay was measured under three experimental conditions: (1) water soluble constituents of the DNAPLs were used to hydrate and permeate the bentonite; (2) bentonite pellets were submersed in DNAPL prior to hydration and permeation with water; and (3) DNAPLs were pooled on water-hydrated bentonite. Further, the effect of hydraulic head (2.5, 145, and 710 cm) on water-hydrated bentonite permeated with TCE and the effects of TCE exposure time to mixtures of bentonite grout and sand were measured. Solubility concentrations of DNAPL constituents did not effect the hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite pellets relative to baseline (water only) measurements; a competent hydraulic barrier was formed (K<5X10 (super 9) cm/s). Bentonite pellets submersed in DNAPLs retained their rigid shape, did not swell, and did not perform as a hydraulic barrier. However, when the DNAPL was removed and replaced with water, the DNAPL-wetted pellets imbibed water to swell and form an adequate hydraulic barrier (K<6X10 (super -9) cm/s). Competent hydraulic barriers constructed with bentonite pellets and hydrated with water were subsequently permeated with TCE, MC, or creosote DNAPLs developing desiccation cracks up to 5 mm wide. The intrinsic permeability of water-hydrated bentonite was 46 to 2640 times greater to DNAPLs relative to water, indicating that the desiccation cracks predominantly facilitated preferential DNAPL transport. The propagation rate of cracks was positively correlated to the hydraulic gradient, but the formation of cracks is chemically dependent on the contact time of DNAPL. Silica sand is expansively inert, yet 95, 90, 83, 75, and 50% (wt sand/wt bentonite) mixtures with bentonite grout were insufficient to prevent desiccation cracks and hydraulic failure. The incompatibility between DNAPLs and bentonite observed in this study is important due to the numerous exploratory borings in DNAPL zones, the increasing dependency on hydraulic containment as a remedial alternative, and the fact that such remedial systems are often designed to be functional for many years. JF - Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation AU - McCaulou, Douglas R AU - Huling, Scott G Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 78 EP - 86 PB - Ground Water Publishing Co., Dublin, OH VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 1069-3629, 1069-3629 KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - bentonite KW - creosote KW - pollution KW - grouting KW - solubility KW - dense nonaqueous phase liquids KW - remediation KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - organic compounds KW - sedimentary rocks KW - decontamination KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - trichloroethylene KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - waste disposal KW - clastic rocks KW - permeability KW - disposal barriers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51019333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.atitle=Compatibility+of+bentonite+and+DNAPLs&rft.au=McCaulou%2C+Douglas+R%3BHuling%2C+Scott+G&rft.aulast=McCaulou&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.issn=10693629&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-6592 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bentonite; chlorinated hydrocarbons; clastic rocks; creosote; decontamination; dense nonaqueous phase liquids; disposal barriers; grouting; halogenated hydrocarbons; hydraulic conductivity; nonaqueous phase liquids; organic compounds; permeability; pollution; remediation; sedimentary rocks; solubility; trichloroethylene; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA establishes National Drinking Water Contaminant Occurrence Database AN - 51019168; 1999-069948 JF - Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation AU - Job, Charles Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 51 EP - 53 PB - Ground Water Publishing Co., Dublin, OH VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1069-3629, 1069-3629 KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - data acquisition KW - surface water KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - information management KW - drinking water KW - National Drinking Water Contaminant Occurrence Database KW - ground water KW - detection KW - water treatment KW - data bases KW - NCOD KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51019168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.atitle=EPA+establishes+National+Drinking+Water+Contaminant+Occurrence+Database&rft.au=Job%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Job&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.issn=10693629&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-6592 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - concentration; data acquisition; data bases; data processing; detection; drinking water; government agencies; ground water; information management; monitoring; National Drinking Water Contaminant Occurrence Database; NCOD; pollutants; pollution; Safe Drinking Water Act; surface water; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of sediment-pesticide transport models in three different watersheds AN - 50908428; 2001-016964 JF - Technical Publication Series - American Water Resources Association AU - Carrubba, Lee A2 - Sakrison, Rodney A2 - Sturtevant, Peter Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 299 EP - 302 PB - AWRA - American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD VL - 99-4 SN - 0731-9789, 0731-9789 KW - solute transport KW - water quality KW - programs KW - monitoring KW - sediment transport KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - water management KW - pollution KW - models KW - basins KW - pesticides KW - water resources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50908428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=The+use+of+sediment-pesticide+transport+models+in+three+different+watersheds&rft.au=Carrubba%2C+Lee&rft.aulast=Carrubba&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=99-4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=07319789&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AWRA's 1999 annual water resources conference; Watershed management to protect declining species N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basins; models; monitoring; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; programs; sediment transport; solute transport; surface water; water management; water quality; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flood effects and watershed response in the northern Blue Mountains, Oregon and Washington AN - 50907238; 2001-024057 AB - The northern Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon experienced a series of unusual storm and flood events during the winters of 1995-96 and 1996-97. Flood magnitude and frequency, estimated by the indirect slope-area method, varied between watersheds from 25-year to 100-year events. Flood frequency was related to watershed orientation with west-facing watersheds experiencing 100-year events, and east-facing watersheds experiencing 25-year to 50-year events. Post-flood investigations have been ongoing since 1996, including assessments of mass wasting features, surveys of stream channel measurement sites, and inventories of roads and instream habitat structures. Channel adjustments in cross section area, volume of stored sediment, and particle size distributions appear to be more related to reach-level controls such as large wood jams and local mass wasting sources than to overall flood magnitude. Results from this monitoring are being used in flood recovery efforts and land management planning. JF - Technical Publication Series - American Water Resources Association AU - Clifton, Caty F AU - Harris, Robin M AU - Fitzgerald, James K AU - Olsen, Darren S AU - Potyondy, John P Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 175 EP - 182 PB - AWRA - American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD VL - 99-3 SN - 0731-9789, 0731-9789 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Blue Mountains KW - Washington KW - rivers and streams KW - watersheds KW - channels KW - effects KW - Oregon KW - streamflow KW - floods KW - streams KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50907238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Flood+effects+and+watershed+response+in+the+northern+Blue+Mountains%2C+Oregon+and+Washington&rft.au=Clifton%2C+Caty+F%3BHarris%2C+Robin+M%3BFitzgerald%2C+James+K%3BOlsen%2C+Darren+S%3BPotyondy%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Clifton&rft.aufirst=Caty&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=99-3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=1882132475&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=07319789&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association summer specialty conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blue Mountains; channels; effects; floods; hydrology; Oregon; rivers and streams; streamflow; streams; United States; Washington; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An unexpected temporal pattern of coliphage isolation in ground waters sampled from wells at varied distances from reclaimed water recharge sites AN - 50068101; 2010-025282 JF - Water Research (Oxford) AU - Yanko, William A AU - Jackson, James L AU - Williams, Fred P AU - Walker, Alan S AU - Castillo, Milagros S Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - January 1999 SP - 53 EP - 64 PB - Elsevier, Oxford-New York VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - hydrology KW - patterns KW - monitoring KW - waste water KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - rivers KW - drinking water KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - recharge KW - bacteria KW - fluvial features KW - ecology KW - temporal distribution KW - mobilization KW - water wells KW - water pollution KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50068101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research+%28Oxford%29&rft.atitle=An+unexpected+temporal+pattern+of+coliphage+isolation+in+ground+waters+sampled+from+wells+at+varied+distances+from+reclaimed+water+recharge+sites&rft.au=Yanko%2C+William+A%3BJackson%2C+James+L%3BWilliams%2C+Fred+P%3BWalker%2C+Alan+S%3BCastillo%2C+Milagros+S&rft.aulast=Yanko&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research+%28Oxford%29&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0043-1354%2898%2900193-6 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00431354 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WATRAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; drinking water; ecology; fluvial features; ground water; hydrology; mobilization; monitoring; patterns; pollutants; pollution; recharge; remediation; rivers; surface water; temporal distribution; waste water; water pollution; water wells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(98)00193-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Curing Emissions from Conversion Varnishes AN - 20626234; 4590664 AB - Three commercially available conversion varnish coating "systems" (stain, sealer, and topcoat) were selected for an initial scoping study. The total volatile content of the catalyzed varnishes, as determined by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 24, ranged from 64 to 73 weight%. Uncombined (free) formaldehyde concentrations, determined by a sodium sulfite titration method, ranged from 0.15 to 0.58 weight% of the uncatalyzed varnishes. Each sealer and topcoat was also analyzed by gas chromatography (EPA Method 311). The primary volatile organic constituents included methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), isobutanol, n-butanol, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), toluene, ethylbenzene, the xylenes, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. Dynamic small chamber tests were performed to identify and quantify emissions following application to coupons of typical kitchen cabinet wood substrates and during curing and aging. One of the objectives was to determine the relationship between the concentration of solvents [hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)] and formaldehyde measured in the coatings' formulations and the emissions released during curing, after the coatings were applied. The results to date have shown good mass balance (amount of a constituent applied versus amount emitted) for the individual HAPs (except formaldehyde) and VOCs identified in the sealers and topcoats. Formaldehyde emissions have shown six to seven times the emission compared to the free formaldehyde content in the formulation, indicating that formaldehyde is formed during the curing process. Results of the formulation analyses and emission tests completed to date are described in this paper. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - McCrillis, R C AU - Howard, E M AU - Guo, Zhishi AU - Krebs, KA AU - Fortmann, R AU - Lao, Huei-Chen AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 70 EP - 75 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - curing KW - varnishes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Solvents KW - Formaldehyde KW - Emission measurements KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Coatings KW - Air pollution measurements KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20626234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Curing+Emissions+from+Conversion+Varnishes&rft.au=McCrillis%2C+R+C%3BHoward%2C+E+M%3BGuo%2C+Zhishi%3BKrebs%2C+KA%3BFortmann%2C+R%3BLao%2C+Huei-Chen&rft.aulast=McCrillis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solvents; Emission measurements; Formaldehyde; Volatile organic compounds; Air pollution measurements; Coatings ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of some practical tools for providing decision support services AN - 1840615755; 2016-093881 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Niemann, Brand L Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 59 EP - 70 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - ecosystems KW - decision-making KW - World Wide Web KW - models KW - environmental management KW - geographic information systems KW - decision support systems KW - sustainable development KW - information systems KW - applications KW - computer networks KW - USGS KW - land use KW - Internet KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1840615755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Overview+of+some+practical+tools+for+providing+decision+support+services&rft.au=Niemann%2C+Brand+L&rft.aulast=Niemann&rft.aufirst=Brand&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0351/report.pdf https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Decision support systems workshop N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-17 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; computer networks; decision support systems; decision-making; ecosystems; environmental management; geographic information systems; information systems; Internet; land use; models; sustainable development; USGS; World Wide Web ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Southern Appalachian Assessment geographic information system (GIS) AN - 1840614956; 2016-093884 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Hermann, Karl A Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 85 EP - 90 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - North America KW - technology KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - Appalachians KW - decision-making KW - ArcInfo KW - public lands KW - information management KW - environmental management KW - geographic information systems KW - Southern Appalachians KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - ecology KW - applications KW - USGS KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1840614956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=The+Southern+Appalachian+Assessment+geographic+information+system+%28GIS%29&rft.au=Hermann%2C+Karl+A&rft.aulast=Hermann&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0351/report.pdf https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Decision support systems workshop N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-17 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; applications; ArcGIS; ArcInfo; data bases; data processing; decision-making; ecology; environmental management; geographic information systems; information management; information systems; land use; North America; public lands; Southern Appalachians; technology; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water quality in Ireland 1995-1997. AN - 18096522; 5176903 AB - That there has been a further deterioration of the river systems in Ireland since the early 1990s is the main finding of a report on water quality in the 1995-1997 period. The findings of the report "Water Quality in Ireland, 1995 to 1997", which include assessments of 13,000 km of river and stream channel, 120 lakes and 23 estuarine and coastal waters, are discussed. JF - Sherkin Comment AU - Feehan, J AD - EPA Johnstown Castle Estate, Co. Wexford Ireland Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 24 IS - 24 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Rivers KW - Marine KW - Report literature KW - ANE, Eire KW - Estuaries KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Eire KW - Freshwater KW - Water quality KW - Coastal waters KW - Pollution KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18096522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sherkin+Comment&rft.atitle=Water+quality+in+Ireland+1995-1997.&rft.au=Feehan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Feehan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sherkin+Comment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Report literature; Estuaries; Groundwater pollution; Coastal waters; Water quality; Pollution; ANE, Eire; Eire; Freshwater; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental enforcement: beyond penalties. AN - 18096473; 5176895 AB - Environmental regulations do not mean much unless they are enforced. For this reason, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a vigorous enforcement program to complement its regulatory efforts. This policy includes the imposition of penalties on companies which violate the pollution regulations. The fines are calculated to eliminate any economic benefit the violator might enjoy as a result of the pollution incident. JF - Sherkin Comment AU - Mugdan, W E AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Region II, Jacob K. Javite Federal Building New York 10278 USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 6 IS - 24 KW - Egrets KW - Exxon Corporation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Marine KW - Ardea cinerea KW - Egretta KW - Surveillance and enforcement KW - Environmental legislation KW - Economic benefits KW - Pollution KW - Oil spills KW - USA, New York KW - Pollution control KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18096473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sherkin+Comment&rft.atitle=Environmental+enforcement%3A+beyond+penalties.&rft.au=Mugdan%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Mugdan&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sherkin+Comment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Surveillance and enforcement; Environmental legislation; Oil spills; Pollution; Economic benefits; Pollution control; Egretta; Ardea cinerea; USA, New York; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - House hears testimony on total maximum daily loads and animal feeding operations AN - 17846242; 4875953 AB - I. Clean water for the future - the Clean Water Action Plan. Despite tremendous progress in reducing water pollution, almost 40 percent of the Nation's waters assessed by States still do not meet water quality goals. Pollution from factories and sewage treatment plants, soil erosion, and wetland losses have been dramatically reduced. But runoff from city streets, rural areas, and other sources continues to degrade the environment and puts drinking water at risk. Fish in many waters still contain dangerous levels of mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other toxic contaminants. Beach closings are increasingly common. JF - LakeLine AU - Fox, J C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C., USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 18 EP - 23 VL - 19 IS - 3-4 SN - 0743-7978, 0743-7978 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Pollution Control KW - USA KW - Environmental Quality KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Water Quality KW - Environmental Policy KW - Clean Water Act KW - Pollution legislation KW - Legislation KW - Runoff KW - Water pollution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17846242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LakeLine&rft.atitle=House+hears+testimony+on+total+maximum+daily+loads+and+animal+feeding+operations&rft.au=Fox%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=LakeLine&rft.issn=07437978&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural pollution; Pollution legislation; Water pollution; Water Pollution Control; Environmental Quality; Water Quality; Environmental Policy; Clean Water Act; Runoff; Legislation; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional guidance on submittal requirements for lake and reservoir nutrient TMDLs AN - 17839303; 4875954 AB - In New England, there are hundreds of lakes and reservoirs identified as not meeting water quality standards because of excessive nutrient loading, and according to state 305(b) reports, hundreds more are considered threatened. Excessive nutrient concentrations in the water column can fuel undesirable growths of algae, and excessive accumulations in the sediment can promote nuisance growths of rooted aquatic plants. Such conditions may interfere with recreational and aquatic life uses and may also reduce the aesthetic quality of these waters. Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) and its implementing regulations (40 C.F.R. beta 130.7) require states to: 1) identify waters that do not or will not meet applicable water quality standards after the application of technology-based or other required controls, and 2) establish Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for pollutants that are causing non-attainment of water quality standards. In addition, the TMDL process offers an excellent opportunity to protect water quality in lakes and reservoirs. The potential effectiveness of pollutant load controls is greater and more cost-efficient in a protection mode than in a restoration mode. JF - LakeLine AU - Voorhees, MJ AU - Basile, A A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New England Region, 1 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 24 EP - 29 VL - 19 IS - 3-4 SN - 0743-7978, 0743-7978 KW - Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Water reservoirs KW - Freshwater lakes KW - Eutrophication KW - Environmental Quality KW - Pollution Load KW - Nutrients KW - Lakes KW - Water Quality Standards KW - USA, New England KW - Legal aspects KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Reservoirs KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17839303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LakeLine&rft.atitle=Regional+guidance+on+submittal+requirements+for+lake+and+reservoir+nutrient+TMDLs&rft.au=Voorhees%2C+MJ%3BBasile%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Voorhees&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=LakeLine&rft.issn=07437978&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Water reservoirs; Freshwater lakes; Eutrophication; Legal aspects; Nutrients (mineral); Water Quality Standards; Lakes; Environmental Quality; Pollution Load; Nutrients; Reservoirs; USA, New England ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A compilation of data on the toxicity of chemicals to species in Australasia. Part II: Organic chemicals AN - 17731188; 4798524 AB - This paper is the second in a series that presents toxicity data contained in the Australasian ecotoxicology database currently being developed. The toxicity of organic chemicals to native and introduced terrestrial and aquatic species tested under local conditions are presented. A total of 581 data points, covering 117 organic chemicals, 18 mixtures of organic chemicals, 30 species, acute and chronic exposures, and lethal and sub-lethal effects were collated from 28 publications, reports and theses. JF - Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology AU - Warne, MStJ AU - Westbury, A-M AD - Ecotoxicology Section, Environment Protection Authority of New South Wales, located at the EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology, Sydney, Westbourne St, Gore Hill, NSW 2065, Australia Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 21 EP - 84 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1323-3475, 1323-3475 KW - Australasian ecotoxicology database KW - Australia KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Brackish KW - Pollution effects KW - Data collections KW - Freshwater KW - Exposure tolerance KW - Databases KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Lethal limits KW - Sublethal effects KW - Chemical pollution KW - Organic compounds KW - Asia KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17731188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=A+compilation+of+data+on+the+toxicity+of+chemicals+to+species+in+Australasia.+Part+II%3A+Organic+chemicals&rft.au=Warne%2C+MStJ%3BWestbury%2C+A-M&rft.aulast=Warne&rft.aufirst=MStJ&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=13233475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lethal limits; Ecotoxicology; Sublethal effects; Pollution effects; Organic compounds; Exposure tolerance; Aquatic organisms; Databases; Data collections; Chemical pollution; Toxicity testing; Asia; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA regulations water quality improved, but runoff pollutants create tough challenges AN - 17729292; 4818722 AB - The impact of the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act on water quality in the U.S.A. is discussed. The remaining challenges require a shift from targeting individual sources of pollution to the adoption of a catchment approach. Increasing development and poor land use practices have had an adverse effect on water quality. The economic and social benefits associated with investment in water and wastewater infrastructure are discussed. The costs of replacing and upgrading drinking water and wastewater treatment plants and distribution infrastructure are considered. JF - World of Water 2000 the past. present and future, PennWell Publishing Company, Tulsa, Okla., U.S.A. AU - Fox, J C AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 158 EP - 161 KW - Discussed KW - Pollution (s a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Targeting KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Water supplies (Potable) KW - Low cost) KW - Sociology KW - Finance KW - Legislation (on water supplies) KW - Safety KW - Adoption KW - Costs (see also Economics KW - Structures KW - Land use KW - Water KW - USA KW - Law (see also Legislation) KW - Upgrading KW - Catchment areas KW - Economics KW - Toughness KW - Cleanness KW - Runoff KW - Wastewater treatment plants (see also Sewage works) KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17729292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+of+Water+2000+the+past.+present+and+future%2C+PennWell+Publishing+Company%2C+Tulsa%2C+Okla.%2C+U.S.A.&rft.atitle=EPA+regulations+water+quality+improved%2C+but+runoff+pollutants+create+tough+challenges&rft.au=Fox%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+of+Water+2000+the+past.+present+and+future%2C+PennWell+Publishing+Company%2C+Tulsa%2C+Okla.%2C+U.S.A.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: General. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water supplies (Potable); Low cost); Sociology; Finance; Legislation (on water supplies); Safety; Adoption; Structures; Costs (see also Economics; Water; Land use; Upgrading; Law (see also Legislation); Catchment areas; Economics; Toughness; Cleanness; Water quality (Natural waters); Wastewater treatment plants (see also Sewage works); Runoff; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation of seed organisms for protozoan method development and control studies AN - 17702629; 4816041 AB - The importance of accurate enumeration of seed organisms in connection with laboratory trials of collection and identification procedures for helminths including Giardia and Cryptosporidium is discussed. The method of seed organism preparation, storage and counting should be optimized for each study design. The reproducibility of counts obtained by various techniques for oocyst numbers in the 1-100 range was investigated. The Coulter counter and the FACS Calibur methods produced counts with coefficients by variation less than 10 per cent from the mean, but other methods such as the haemocytometer, chamber slide and well slide techniques gave values with coefficients of variation sometimes as high as 80 per cent from the mean. JF - Water Supply AU - Schaefer, F W AU - Bennett, J W AU - Stetler, R E AU - Lindquist, HDA AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 37 EP - 39 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0735-1917, 0735-1917 KW - 1-100 KW - Discussed KW - Oocyst KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Seeds KW - Sliding KW - Counters KW - Methods KW - Chambers KW - Control KW - Particle counting KW - Storage KW - USA KW - Organisms KW - Flagellates (Intestinal) KW - Protozoa KW - Worms (Helminths) KW - Intestinal protozoa KW - Connexions KW - Coefficient (see also Individual subjects) KW - Reproduction KW - Optimization KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17702629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Supply&rft.atitle=Preparation+of+seed+organisms+for+protozoan+method+development+and+control+studies&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+F+W%3BBennett%2C+J+W%3BStetler%2C+R+E%3BLindquist%2C+HDA&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Supply&rft.issn=07351917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seeds; Sliding; Counters; Methods; Chambers; Control; Storage; Particle counting; Flagellates (Intestinal); Organisms; Protozoa; Worms (Helminths); Coefficient (see also Individual subjects); Connexions; Intestinal protozoa; Reproduction; Optimization; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosolids management in the western region AN - 17694751; 4816821 AB - A review is presented of biosolids use and disposal practices in the U.S. EPA s Region 9 which covers Arizona, Nevada, California, Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam and 139 Indian tribes. Landfilling and storage for use after 10-15 years play a significant role in biosolids use and disposal practices in these areas. The present position in California is examined in detail in terms of biosolids production, the levels of landfilling, land application and composting. Other topics discussed include biosolids quality variations; the regulatory structure; biosolids ordinances; programme costs; and future options. JF - BioCycle AU - Fondahl, L AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 70 EP - 74 VL - 40 IS - 7 SN - 0276-5055, 0276-5055 KW - Discussed KW - Tribes KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Low cost) KW - Management KW - Samoa KW - Regulation KW - Costs (see also Economics KW - Structures KW - Storage KW - USA KW - Law (see also Legislation) KW - Landfills (see also Waste disposal sites) KW - Disposal KW - Guam KW - Reviews KW - Land disposal KW - Covering KW - Composting KW - Biosolids KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17694751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioCycle&rft.atitle=Biosolids+management+in+the+western+region&rft.au=Fondahl%2C+L&rft.aulast=Fondahl&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioCycle&rft.issn=02765055&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Low cost); Management; Structures; Costs (see also Economics; Regulation; Storage; Law (see also Legislation); Landfills (see also Waste disposal sites); Disposal; Reviews; Land disposal; Covering; Biosolids; Composting; USA; Samoa; Guam ER - TY - CONF T1 - Using revealed and stated preferences for estimating the benefits of recreational fisheries regulations AN - 17638938; 4785670 AB - Recreational anglers have many motivations for fishing, including catching fish to eat, enjoying the sporting aspect of fishing, and spending time with family and friends. These motivations affect whether anglers keep all, some or one of the fish that they catch. In this paper information about anglers' actual catch and release behaviour is explored and combined with information about their stated preferences for changes in bag limits. Using data collected by the NMFS = Marine Recreational Fisheries Statistical Survey in the Northeastern United States in 1994, anglers' willingness to pay for more lenient bag limits is estimated and used to evaluate the benefits of proposed changes to those limits. Striped bass present an interesting case study; striped bass are thought to be good fish for eating, and are considered a good small game fish, but anglers tend to catch few, if any of them on any given trip. The evaluation of anglers' revealed preferences for keeping these striped bass, combined with their stated preferences for higher bag limits, can offer fisheries managers useful information about the net benefits of these regulations. JF - Fisheries Centre research reports. Vancouver BC AU - Gautam, A AU - Hicks, R Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 92 EP - 99 VL - 7 IS - 2 KW - mathematical models KW - methodology KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Morone saxatilis KW - Fishery management KW - ANW, USA, Northeast KW - Sport fishing KW - Total allowable catch KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08605:Sport fishing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17638938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Centre+research+reports.+Vancouver+BC&rft.atitle=Using+revealed+and+stated+preferences+for+estimating+the+benefits+of+recreational+fisheries+regulations&rft.au=Gautam%2C+A%3BHicks%2C+R&rft.aulast=Gautam&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+Centre+research+reports.+Vancouver+BC&rft.issn=11986727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Horizontal and Vertical Distributions of Mercury in 1983 Lake Superior Sediments with Estimates of Storage and Mass Flux AN - 17607696; 4707253 AB - Persistent elevated mercury concentrations in some species of Lake Superior fish and the general lack of information on mercury storage in and fluxes to the lake's sediments prompted the analysis of samples that were collected in 1983. Results of the analyses support the conclusion that Lake Superior sediments have mercury concentrations above background levels at all sites sampled. For those cores which penetrated the sediment deeply enough (the majority of the cores), background mercury concentrations ranged between 0.016 and 0.048 mg/kg. Mercury concentrations in surficial sediments ranged between 0.027 and 0.96 mg/kg. The maximum mercury concentration found in sub-surface sediments (2 to 20 cm deep) was 6.5 mg/kg. The surficial 20 cm of sediment contained 342 metric tons of mercury of which 51% or 174 metric tons was anthropogenic. The surface 2 cm of sediment contained 29 metric tons of mercury of which 76% or 22 metric tons was anthropogenic. Estimated total mercury fluxes to surficial sediments ranged between 0.1 and 10 ng/cm super(2)/y with a mean of 3.2 ng/cm super(2)/y. Background total mercury fluxes to the lake ranged between 0.20 and 0.72 ng/cm super(2)/y with a mean of 0.48 ng/cm super(2)/y. Estimated fluxes of anthropogenic mercury to surficial sediments ranged between -0.42 and 10 ng/cm super(2)/y with a mean of 2.7 ng/cm super(2)/y. The fluxes reported here are only the second known reporting of mercury fluxes to Lake Superior sediments. The inventory of mercury in the sediments is the first reported. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - Rossmann, R AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Large Lakes Research Station, 9311 Groh Road, Grosse Ile, Michigan 48138, USA, rossmann.ronald@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 683 EP - 696 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - North America, Superior L. KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Lake Sediments KW - Sediment KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Spatial variations KW - Lakes KW - Baseline studies KW - Cores KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Sediment pollution KW - Baseline Studies KW - Estimating KW - Lake deposits KW - Contaminated sediments KW - Pollution surveys KW - Storage KW - Mercury KW - Fluctuations KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17607696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Horizontal+and+Vertical+Distributions+of+Mercury+in+1983+Lake+Superior+Sediments+with+Estimates+of+Storage+and+Mass+Flux&rft.au=Rossmann%2C+R&rft.aulast=Rossmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spatial variations; Sediment pollution; Baseline studies; Mercury; Lake deposits; Pollution surveys; Storage; Lakes; Freshwater pollution; Cores; Distribution (Mathematical); Sediment; Contaminated sediments; Fluctuations; Baseline Studies; Estimating; Lake Sediments; Sediment Contamination; Spatial Distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of humic acid on uptake/adsorption of copper by a marine bacterium and two marine ciliates AN - 17579233; 4494212 AB - The effect of humic acid (HA) on Cu uptake by a bacterium and two bacterivorus ciliates was investigated. The presence of HA resulted in a statistically significant (p<0.001) decrease in Cu associated with bacteria that were exposed to 67 mu g Cu L super(-1). Complexation of Cu appears to lower the availability of Cu with respect to bacterial cell surface binding and uptake. For ciliates, 10 mg HA L super(-1) significantly reduced uptake of Cu by Uronema, but did not reduce uptake of Cu by Pleuronema. Uronema exposed to 67 mu g Cu L super(-1) accumulated 54% less Cu when 10 mg HA L super(-1) was present (0.50 pg ciliate super(-1) vs 0.23 pg ciliate super(-1)). Uronema feeding on V. natriegens, took up less than half as much Cu as unfed Uronema when exposed to Cu without HA (0.41 pg Cu fed ciliate super(-1) vs 0.86 pg Cu unfed ciliate super(-1), but only 40% less when exposed to Cu and HA (0.31 pg Cu fed ciliate super(-1) vs 0.51 pg Cu unfed ciliate super(-1)). The lower % reduction attributable to fed ciliates in the presence of HA suggests that some of the Cu associated with HA is available through trophic processes. JF - Chemosphere AU - Lores, E M AU - Snyder, R A AU - Pennock, J R AD - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Dr., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 293 EP - 310 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Bacteria KW - Ciliata KW - Pleuronema KW - Uronema KW - humic acids KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aquatic bacteria KW - Sorption KW - Marine microorganisms KW - Marine Bacteria KW - Humic Acids KW - Copper KW - Ciliates KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Protozoa KW - Humic acids KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Adsorption KW - Trophic factors KW - Marine organisms KW - Metal Complexes KW - Population Exposure KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - J 02905:Water KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17579233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+humic+acid+on+uptake%2Fadsorption+of+copper+by+a+marine+bacterium+and+two+marine+ciliates&rft.au=Lores%2C+E+M%3BSnyder%2C+R+A%3BPennock%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Lores&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0045-6535%2898%2900190-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorption; Bioaccumulation; Humic acids; Copper; Aquatic bacteria; Marine microorganisms; Trophic factors; Ciliates; Bacteria; Adsorption; Marine organisms; Protozoa; Water Pollution Effects; Statistical Analysis; Marine Bacteria; Metal Complexes; Humic Acids; Population Exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00190-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photodegradation of arylamino-s-triazines in aqueous phase AN - 17579083; 4657751 AB - Arylamino-s-triazines, which are supposed model-compounds for bound s-triazine residues in soils, were photolyzed by artificial sunlight in aqueous solution. Compared to atrazine, the UV-spectra show marginal batho- or hypsochromic shifts, but substantially enhanced absorption in the UVB-region (290-320 nm). The photodegradation in aqueous solution was significantly accelerated and the experimental rate constants satisfy the law of Grotthus and Draper. The main degradation products were the 2-hydroxy-derivatives of the respective 2-chloro-s-triazines. The rate constants strongly depended on the absolute temperature suggesting light-induced solvolysis rather than direct photolysis. The process is autocatalysed in unbuffered solution by the formation of hydrochloric acid. JF - Advances in Environmental Research AU - Simon, R AU - Hertkorn, N AU - Georgieva, K AU - Freitag, D AU - Kettrup, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2700, USA, simon.rupert@epa.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 378 EP - 388 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1093-0191, 1093-0191 KW - arylamino-s-triazines KW - hydrochloric acid KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Photodegradation KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Atrazine KW - Temperature KW - Water analysis KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17579083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Photodegradation+of+arylamino-s-triazines+in+aqueous+phase&rft.au=Simon%2C+R%3BHertkorn%2C+N%3BGeorgieva%2C+K%3BFreitag%2C+D%3BKettrup%2C+A&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=10930191&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photodegradation; Atrazine; Temperature; Water analysis; Ultraviolet radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relative influence of hypoxia, anoxia, and associated environmental factors as determinants of macrobenthic community structure in a northern Gulf of Mexico estuary AN - 17514263; 4700857 AB - Seasonal patterns (i.e., December 1986, and April and October 1987) in benthic macroinfaunal abundance, distribution, and taxa composition at 19 sites in Perdido Bay, AL/FL, are evaluated to assess the relative importance of environmental factors as determinants of community structure. A total of 46 taxa from five phyla were collected with diver-held bottom corers. Polychaetes were numerically dominant followed by crustaceans. Seventeen taxa co-occurred in samples during all three study periods. Maximum animal densities and taxa richness showed no statistically significant bay-wide seasonal pattern, however, a bay-wide trend was detected where these response parameters tended to be greater in April than December or October. Deeper upper bay stations were depauperate during December and October. Low dissolved oxygen (DO) largely explained the depauperate pattern. Mean taxa richness per core (10 cm dia.) ranged from 0.0 to 5.0, 1.2 to 4.6, and 0.0 to 4.4 in December, April and October, respectively. Mean densities ranged from zero to 368, 0 to 960, and 0 to 430 individuals per 0.1 m super(2) in December, April, and October, respectively. Results of a three-season statistical regression model indicated that DO deficiency was a primary determinant of taxa richness (partial R super(2): 0.27) but was less important in explaining animal densities (partial R super(2):0.16). For December, when additional environmental variables were measured, DO was supplanted by weight loss on ignition (R super(2): 0.24) and the sediment C:N ratio (R super(2): 0.44) as highest explanatory factors for taxa richness and density, respectively. Application of a benthic index of environmental condition indicated wide-spread ecological stress on the benthic macroinfaunal assemblages. JF - Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery AU - Flemer, DA AU - Kruczynski, W L AU - Ruth, B F AU - Bundrick, C M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Science & Technology, Health & Criteria Division, 401 M St., Sw, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 311 EP - 328 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1386-1980, 1386-1980 KW - Mexico Gulf KW - environmental factors KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Estuaries KW - Dissolved Oxygen KW - Species Diversity KW - Benthic environment KW - Environmental factors KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Anoxia KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Anoxic conditions KW - Hypoxia KW - Zoobenthos KW - Polychaetes KW - Seasonal variations KW - Benthos KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17514263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Ecosystem+Stress+and+Recovery&rft.atitle=The+relative+influence+of+hypoxia%2C+anoxia%2C+and+associated+environmental+factors+as+determinants+of+macrobenthic+community+structure+in+a+northern+Gulf+of+Mexico+estuary&rft.au=Flemer%2C+DA%3BKruczynski%2C+W+L%3BRuth%2C+B+F%3BBundrick%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Flemer&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Ecosystem+Stress+and+Recovery&rft.issn=13861980&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1009997713109 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anoxic conditions; Hypoxia; Benthic environment; Zoobenthos; Environmental factors; Dissolved oxygen; Estuaries; Seasonal variations; Anoxia; Benthos; Seasonal Variations; Dissolved Oxygen; Species Diversity; Polychaetes; ASW, Mexico Gulf; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009997713109 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A modeling analysis of factors influencing mass balance components of airborne deposited mercury in terrestrial landscapes AN - 17444342; 4659095 AB - A modeling analysis of factors influencing deposited airborne mercury mass balance in terrestrial landscapes is presented. Computer simulations are performed with a recently developed model for various sets of conditions. Preliminary estimates based on variability and sensitivity analysis of simulations are compatible with the currently -available knowledge of mercury terrestrial cycling. Atmospheric deposition of divalent mercury (Hg(II)) is the main source for mercury in uncontaminated terrestrial systems. Mercury mass balance is characterized by the intensive exchange of mercury between atmosphere and ground surface. Atmospheric deposition, weather conditions, hydrologic transport, Hg(II) reduction and landscape scale characteristics are the most important factors regulating conditions that have impacts on mercury mass balance components. Deposited mercury displays a strong tendency to be remobilized into the atmosphere as elemental mercury (Hg degree ) formed by the reduction of divalent mercury in the surface soil; atmospheric flux (emission flux) is found to exceed, in general, mercury transport flux from soil, ranging from 35 to 90% of the atmospheric deposition. Total mercury surface runoff flux varies from 2 to 60% of the atmospheric deposition. Leaching flux is a minor component of mercury mass balance, ranging from 3 to 16% of atmospheric deposition. Transformation processes such as methylation and demethylation, although not important for total mercury flux, dominate the amount of methyl mercury in the soil and strongly affect methyl mercury fluxes with significant implications for biotic uptake and bioaccumulation. Limitations of the modeling analysis are also discussed. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering AU - Tsiros, I X AD - National Research Council, US Environmental Protection Agency, 960, College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 1979 EP - 2005 VL - A34 IS - 10 SN - 1093-4529, 1093-4529 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Terrestrial environments KW - Hydrology KW - Mercury KW - Meteorology KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17444342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Toxic%2FHazardous+Substances+%26+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=A+modeling+analysis+of+factors+influencing+mass+balance+components+of+airborne+deposited+mercury+in+terrestrial+landscapes&rft.au=Tsiros%2C+I+X&rft.aulast=Tsiros&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=A34&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Toxic%2FHazardous+Substances+%26+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=10934529&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mercury; Pollutant deposition; Terrestrial environments; Hydrology; Meteorology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organ weights and fat volume in rats as a function of strain and age AN - 17443979; 4651816 AB - The Fischer 344 (F344) rat and the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat are used commonly to evaluate potential adverse health effects resulting from environmental exposure to chemicals. They are also the most common rat strain/stock used in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Accurate characterization of model input parameters will improve the usefulness of PBPK model predictions. Thus, organ (i.e., liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, heart, lungs, brain) weights and body fat were measured in male SD rats of different ages (4 to 40 wk) and in young (9 to 10 wk) and old (22 to 23 mo) male F344 rats. Comparison of agematched (9 to 10 wk) F344 and SD rats revealed that the SD rats weighed significantly more and had significantly higher absolute organ weights. These significant differences usually disappeared when organ weights were expressed as a percentage of body weight (relative organ weight). Percent body fat was significantly lower in the agematched SD rats (6.48%) than in their F344 counterparts (8.67%). As expected, both body weight and absolute organ weights were significantly higher in old than in young F344 rats. However, these differences were largely reversed when relative organ weights were considered,. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A AU - Schoeffner, D J AU - Warren, DA AU - Muralidhara, S AU - Bruckner, J V AU - Simmons, JE AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, MD-74, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 449 EP - 462 VL - 56 IS - 7 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - strains KW - pharmacokinetics KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Age KW - Body weight KW - Body fat KW - Xenobiotics KW - Organs KW - Toxicity testing KW - Models KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17443979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Organ+weights+and+fat+volume+in+rats+as+a+function+of+strain+and+age&rft.au=Schoeffner%2C+D+J%3BWarren%2C+DA%3BMuralidhara%2C+S%3BBruckner%2C+J+V%3BSimmons%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Schoeffner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xenobiotics; Toxicity testing; Models; Organs; Body weight; Body fat; Age ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Integrated Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of Arsenite Action. 1. Heme Oxygenase Induction in Rats AN - 17434715; 4653190 AB - Rat heme oxygenase (HO) activity was used as a specific (among forms of arsenic) and sensitive biomarker of effect for orally administered sodium arsenite in rats. Time course studies showed that HO was induced in rat liver from 2 to 48 h in both rat liver and kidney. Hepatic and renal inorganic arsenic (iAs) concentrations were high at times preceding a high degree of HO induction. At times following pronounced HO induction, tissue dimethylarsinic acid concentrations were high. Dose-response studies of arsenite showed substantial HO induction in liver at doses of 30 mu mol/kg and higher and in the kidney at doses of 100 mu mol/kg and higher. Doses of 10 (in liver) and of 30 mu mol/kg (in kidney) sodium arsenite given by gavage did not significantly induce rat HO activity. Speciation of tissue total arsenic into iAs, methylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) permits us to link tissue iAs and HO enzyme induction. There was a linear relationship between tissue inorganic arsenic (iAs) concentration and tissue HO in individual rats (r super(2) = 0.780 in liver and r super(2) = 0.797 in kidney). Nonlinear relationships were observed between administered arsenite dose and either liver or kidney iAs concentration. Overall, there was a sublinear relationship between administered arsenite and biological effect in rats. JF - Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis AU - Kitchin, K T AU - Del Razo, LM AU - Brown, J L AU - Anderson, W L AU - Kenyon, E M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, kitchin.kirk@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 385 EP - 402 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - pharmacokinetics KW - pharmacodynamics KW - heme oxygenase KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Kidney KW - Liver KW - Arsenite KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17434715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+Carcinogenesis+and+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=An+Integrated+Pharmacokinetic+and+Pharmacodynamic+Study+of+Arsenite+Action.+1.+Heme+Oxygenase+Induction+in+Rats&rft.au=Kitchin%2C+K+T%3BDel+Razo%2C+LM%3BBrown%2C+J+L%3BAnderson%2C+W+L%3BKenyon%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Kitchin&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+Carcinogenesis+and+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291520-6866%281999%2919%3A63.0.CO%3B2-V LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenite; Arsenic; Liver; Kidney DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1999)19:6<385::AID-TCM3>3.0.CO;2-V ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insights into nitrogen and carbon dynamics of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi from isotopic evidence AN - 17433460; 4655027 AB - The successful use of natural abundances of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in the study of ecosystem dynamics suggests that isotopic measurements could yield new insights into the role of fungi in nitrogen and carbon cycling. Sporocarps of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi, vegetation, and soils were collected in young, deciduous-dominated sites and older, coniferous-dominated sites along a successional sequence at Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. Mycorrhizal fungi had consistently higher delta super(15)N and lower delta super(13)C values than saprotrophic fungi. Foliar delta super(13)C values were always isotopically depleted relative to both fungal types. Foliar delta super(15)N values were usually, but not always, more depleted than those in saprotrophic fungi, and were consistently more depleted than in mycorrhizal fungi. We hypothesize that an apparent isotopic fractionation by mycorrhizal fungi during the transfer of nitrogen to plants may be attributed to enzymatic reactions within the fungi producing isotopically depleted amino acids, which are subsequently passed on to plant symbionts. An increasing difference between soil mineral nitrogen delta super(15)N and foliar delta super(15)N in later succession might therefore be a consequence of greater reliance on mycorrhizal symbionts for nitrogen supply under nitrogen-limited conditions. Carbon signatures of mycorrhizal fungi may be more enriched than those of foliage because the fungi use isotopically enriched photosynthate such as simple sugars, in contrast to the mixture of compounds present in leaves. In addition, some super(13)C fractionation may occur during transport processes from leaves to roots, and during fungal chitin biosynthesis. Stable isotopes have the potential to help clarify the role of fungi in ecosystem processes. JF - Oecologia AU - Hobble, E A AU - Macko, SA AU - Shugart, H H AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, hobbie@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 353 EP - 360 VL - 118 IS - 3 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - USA, Alaska KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Carbon cycle KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Saprophytes KW - D 04623:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17433460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Insights+into+nitrogen+and+carbon+dynamics+of+ectomycorrhizal+and+saprotrophic+fungi+from+isotopic+evidence&rft.au=Hobble%2C+E+A%3BMacko%2C+SA%3BShugart%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Hobble&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycorrhizas; Nitrogen cycle; Carbon cycle; Saprophytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fuel cell operation on anaerobic digester gas: conceptual design and assessment AN - 17415522; 4634266 AB - The conceptual design of a fuel cell (FC) system for operation on anaerobic digester gas (ADG) is described and its economic and environmental feasibility is projected. ADG is produced at wastewater treatment plants during the process of treating sewage anaerobically to reduce solids. The economic feasibility study shows the fuel cell is economical where plant electricity costs are 5 /kW h or higher, based on entry level fuel cell costs of $3000/kW. FCs are one of the cleanest energy technologies available, and the widespread use of this concept should result in a significant reduction in global warming gas and acid rain air emissions. Additionally, technology evaluation focused on improving a commercial phosphoric acid FC power plant operation on ADG is described. JF - Waste Management AU - Spiegel, R J AU - Thorneloe, SA AU - Trocciola, J C AU - Preston, J L AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA, spiegel.ronald@epa.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 389 EP - 399 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0956-053X, 0956-053X KW - fuel cells KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Fuel technology KW - Waste reuse KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Gases KW - Energy KW - Economics KW - Power plants KW - Sewage treatment KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17415522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Fuel+cell+operation+on+anaerobic+digester+gas%3A+conceptual+design+and+assessment&rft.au=Spiegel%2C+R+J%3BThorneloe%2C+SA%3BTrocciola%2C+J+C%3BPreston%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Spiegel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0956-053X%2899%2900197-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuel technology; Anaerobic digestion; Gases; Sewage treatment; Waste reuse; Economics; Feasibility studies; Energy; Power plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00197-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining natural 'background' concentrations of trace metals in oysters from New South Wales, Australia AN - 17392727; 4606055 AB - The use of bivalves to indicate spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution of bioavailable metals is well established. The interpretation of patterns is, however, often confounded by natural variations in metal concentrations which result from geological factors. This paper presents a method of using clustering and principal component analyses to determine background concentrations of metals in the oyster Saccostrea commercialis sampled from 20 estuaries in New South Wales, Australia. The method identified the estuaries which contained oysters with significantly different suites of metals from those in estuaries with obvious anthropogenic inputs of metals, allowing the calculation of natural ranges of metals in oysters. It also demonstrated which metals showed the greatest natural variability and which metals were indicative of urbanisation in the catchment. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Scanes, PR AU - Roach, A C AD - New South Wales Environment Protection Authority, Locked Bag 1502, Bankstown 2200, Australia, scanesp@epa.nsw.gov.au Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 437 EP - 446 VL - 105 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Australia, New South Wales KW - Saccostrea commercialis KW - measuring techniques KW - methodology KW - Ecology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Variability KW - Urbanization KW - Principal Component Analysis KW - Pollution effects KW - Baseline studies KW - PSE, Australia, New South Wales KW - Geology KW - Mollusca KW - Commercial species KW - Bioindicators KW - Metals KW - Baseline Studies KW - Estuaries KW - Water pollution KW - Methodology KW - Bivalvia KW - Trace Metals KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Oysters KW - Marine organisms KW - Trace metals KW - D 04658:Molluscs KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17392727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Determining+natural+%27background%27+concentrations+of+trace+metals+in+oysters+from+New+South+Wales%2C+Australia&rft.au=Scanes%2C+PR%3BRoach%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Scanes&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0269-7491%2899%2900030-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Baseline studies; Bioaccumulation; Pollution effects; Commercial species; Water pollution; Trace metals; Pollution monitoring; Metals; Estuaries; Methodology; Bioindicators; Bivalvia; Marine organisms; Mollusca; Trace Metals; Variability; Urbanization; Oysters; Baseline Studies; Principal Component Analysis; Geology; PSE, Australia, New South Wales DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00030-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rural Ozone: Trends and Exceedances at CASTNet Sites AN - 17389728; 4606588 AB - Emission reductions were mandated in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 with the expectation that they would result in major reductions in the concentrations of atmospherically transported pollutants. This paper uses generalized additive models to characterize the form and magnitude of changes in ground-level ozone concentrations (weekly average, daily maximum 1-h average, and daily maximum 8-h average) adjusted for concomitant meteorological conditions at 35 rural sites in the eastern United States from 1989 to 1995. At all sites and for all three measures, ozone concentrations declined over the period by about 5% (based on median percent change) for the two daily measures and about 7% for the weekly average. These declines were statistically significant (0.05 level) at 18, 17, and 21 sites (for the daily maximum 1-h, daily 8-h maximum, and weekly averages, respectively), and the median percent total change at these sites for all three measures was approximately -9%. All sites were evaluated with respect to the old and new National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone. Under the new standard (based on the daily maximum 8-h average), 23 sites would not have met the standard for at least one triennial evaluation period as compared to seven sites under the old standard (based on the daily maximum 1-h average). JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Holland, D M AU - Principe, P P AU - Vorburger, L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA, holland.david@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA, Eastern KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Emission measurements KW - Meteorology KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17389728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Rural+Ozone%3A+Trends+and+Exceedances+at+CASTNet+Sites&rft.au=Holland%2C+D+M%3BPrincipe%2C+P+P%3BVorburger%2C+L&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ozone; Emission measurements; Meteorology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predator avoidance in mummichog larvae from a polluted habitat AN - 17387902; 4614549 AB - Previous work has shown that adult mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a polluted site (Piles Creek, PC, New Jersey) were more vulnerable to predation by blue crabs than fish from a more pristine site (Tuckerton, TK, New Jersey). The present study was conducted to compare the spontaneous activity, swimming performance and predator avoidance of fish of the two populations at early life stages. When raised in synthetic salt water, both newly hatched and 1-month-old mummichog larvae from TK had greater spontaneous activity, swimming performance, and stamina than those from PC. In comparison to TK, PC larvae were less vulnerable to predation by yearling mummichogs at 1 week old, but were more vulnerable at 1 month old. Variation in behaviour and swimming ability of TK and PC larvae accounted for the differences in vulnerability to predation. TK larvae employed greater swimming and irregular movement, which was more successful for survival of older larger larvae. In contrast, PC larvae hid, often remaining motionless, which was advantageous for survival of young smaller larvae. Contaminants had been assumed responsible for the behavioural differences in the PC population. However, since differences were seen in larvae raised in synthetic salt water, it is possible that maternally transferred neurotoxicants (possibly delayed effects) and/or inherent factors also play a role. JF - Journal of Fish Biology AU - Zhou, T AU - Weis, J S AD - Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, U.S.A., zhou.tong@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 44 EP - 57 PB - Academic Press VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1112, 0022-1112 KW - Blue crab KW - Mummichog KW - USA, New Jersey, Piles Creek KW - USA, New Jersey, Tuckerton KW - Pollution Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Fundulus heteroclitus KW - Swimming KW - ANW, USA, New Jersey, Piles Creek KW - Predation KW - Larvae KW - Avoidance behavior KW - Pollution effects KW - Habitat KW - Fish larvae KW - Water pollution KW - Pisces KW - ANW, USA, New Jersey, Tuckerton KW - Behavior KW - Neurotoxins KW - Callinectes sapidus KW - Polluted environments KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Y 25505:Fish KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&rft.atitle=Predator+avoidance+in+mummichog+larvae+from+a+polluted+habitat&rft.au=Zhou%2C+T%3BWeis%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&rft.issn=00221112&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjfbi.1998.0800 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Swimming; Predation; Pollution effects; Neurotoxins; Fish larvae; Avoidance behavior; Polluted environments; Pisces; Aquatic organisms; Behavior; Larvae; Habitat; Water pollution; Fundulus heteroclitus; Callinectes sapidus; ANW, USA, New Jersey, Tuckerton; ANW, USA, New Jersey, Piles Creek DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.1998.0800 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A screening-level model evaluation of atrazine in the Lake Michigan basin AN - 17362821; 4580235 AB - Atrazine, a widely used herbicide in the agricultural regions of the Lake Michigan basin, was selected as a priority toxic chemical for study in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)-sponsored Lake Michigan Mass Balance Project. A surface-water, screening-level model for atrazine in the Lake Michigan basin was developed to obtain an initial insight into its transport behavior and ultimate fate. Estimates of tributary loadings and atmospheric loadings for model computations were made for the period-of-usage of the chemical beginning in 1964. Most of these loading estimates were based on total annual usage rates in the United States. Data from the literature were used to estimate these historical loadings. Approximately 30% of the total load of atrazine entering the lake is associated with precipitation, and the remainder is from tributary loads. An unsteady-state, Water Quality Simulation Program (WASP) model based on the principle of conservation of mass, was used to predict concentrations of atrazine in Lake Michigan and Green Bay, Wisconsin. Model predictions agree with recent field-measured atrazine concentrations in the lake when atrazine is assumed to be conservative in the lake. The persistence of atrazine predicted for Lake Michigan contrasts sharply with the relatively short half-lives of the chemical measured on agricultural fields as reported in the literature. It was estimated that if loadings of atrazine were to continue into the future at a rate equivalent to that of 1993, the lake would reach a steady-state concentration of 160 ng/L in approximately 300 years. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - Rygwelski, K R AU - Richardson, W L AU - Endicott, D D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 9311 Groh Road, Grosse Ile, MI 48138, USA, rygwelski.kenneth@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 94 EP - 106 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - North America, Michigan L. KW - USA, Michigan L. KW - USA, Wisconsin, Green Bay KW - WASP KW - atrazine KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Prediction KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Loading KW - Determination KW - Lake basins KW - Water quality measurements KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Basins KW - Evaluation KW - Lakes KW - Catchment areas KW - Lake Basins KW - Pollution forecasting KW - Tributaries KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Pollution Load KW - Simulation KW - Herbicides KW - Pollution surveys KW - Model Studies KW - Atrazine KW - Load Distribution KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17362821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=A+screening-level+model+evaluation+of+atrazine+in+the+Lake+Michigan+basin&rft.au=Rygwelski%2C+K+R%3BRichardson%2C+W+L%3BEndicott%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Rygwelski&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lake basins; Pollution dispersion; Herbicides; Pollution surveys; Lakes; Water quality measurements; Atrazine; Simulation; Basins; Pollution forecasting; Determination; Loading; Catchment areas; Pollution (Water); Tributaries; Evaluation; Prediction; Water Pollution Sources; Fate of Pollutants; Load Distribution; Pollution Load; Lake Basins; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Mass Flux to and from Ground Water Using a Vertical Flux Model (VFLUX): Application to the Soil Vacuum Extraction Closure Problem AN - 17265230; 4554763 AB - Site closure for soil vacuum extraction (SVE) application typically requires attainment of specified soil concentration standards based on the premise that mass flux from the vadose zone to ground water not result in levels exceeding maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). Unfortunately, realization of MCLs in ground water may not be attainable at many sites. This results in soil remediation efforts that may be in excess of what is necessary for future protection of ground water and soil remediation goals which often cannot be achieved within a reasonable time period. Soil venting practitioners have attempted to circumvent these problems by basing closure on some predefined percent total mass removal, or an approach to a vapor concentration asymptote. These approaches, however, are subjective and influenced by venting design. We propose an alternative strategy based on evaluation of five components: (1) site characterization, (2) design, (3) performance monitoring, (4) rate-limited vapor transport, and (5) mass flux to and from ground water. Demonstration of closure is dependent on satisfactory asessment of all five components. The focus of this paper is to support mass flux evaluation. We present a plan based on monitoring of three subsurface zones and develop an analytical one-dimensional vertical flux model we term VFLUX. VFLUX is a significant improvement over the well-known numerical one-dimensional model, VLEACH, which is often used for estimation of mass flux to ground water, because it allows for the presence of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in soil, degradation, and a time-dependent boundary condition at the water table interface. The time-dependent boundary condition is the centerpiece of our mass flux approach because it dynamically links performance of ground water remediation to SVE closure. Progress or lack of progress in ground water remediation results in either increasingly or decreasingly stringent closure requirements, respectively. JF - Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation AU - DiGiulio, D C AU - Ravi, V AU - Brusseau, M L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, 919 Kerr Research Dr., Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 96 EP - 103 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 1069-3629, 1069-3629 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil treatment KW - Remediation KW - Soil contamination KW - Groundwater KW - Vadose water KW - Water quality standards KW - Cleanup operations KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17265230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water+Monitoring+and+Remediation&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Mass+Flux+to+and+from+Ground+Water+Using+a+Vertical+Flux+Model+%28VFLUX%29%3A+Application+to+the+Soil+Vacuum+Extraction+Closure+Problem&rft.au=DiGiulio%2C+D+C%3BRavi%2C+V%3BBrusseau%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=DiGiulio&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water+Monitoring+and+Remediation&rft.issn=10693629&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Remediation; Soil treatment; Soil contamination; Water quality standards; Vadose water; Groundwater; Cleanup operations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlling Emissions From Fuel and Waste Combustion AN - 17263143; 4559480 AB - Emissions control is an integral part of proper boiler and furnace operation. In addition to the many conventional chemical and physical processes to control emissions -- including liquid-gas contactors for acid-gas absorption, fixed catalytic beds for gas denitrification, and filters or electrostatic collectors for solids -- boiler and furnace operators are developing new techniques that eliminate multiple contaminants, which previously required separate treatment systems. Today's newer technologies include circulating-bed contactors for gas sorption, electron-beam irradiation for converting acid gases to ammonium nitrate and sulfate fertilizers, and oxidation-absorption processes that convert acid gases to saleable byproduct acids. Meanwhile, to improve conventional system performance, various chemical species may be added to these systems during treatment, to enhance mass transfer, oxidation or reduction, electrical resistivity and solids agglomeration. The strengths and weaknesses of today's conventional and emerging emissions-control technologies are discussed. JF - Chemical Engineering AU - Sedman, C B AD - National Risk Management and Reduction Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 82 EP - 88 VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0009-2460, 0009-2460 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Materials recovery KW - Emission control KW - Recycling KW - Chemical industry KW - Furnaces KW - Waste disposal KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17263143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Controlling+Emissions+From+Fuel+and+Waste+Combustion&rft.au=Sedman%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Sedman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Engineering&rft.issn=00092460&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Waste disposal; Recycling; Materials recovery; Furnaces; Emission control; Chemical industry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A critical review: general toxicity and environmental fate of three aqueous cyanide ions and associated ligands AN - 17245031; 4526880 AB - Cyanides are 'priority pollutants' under the Clean Water Act. A number of Superfund sites, particularly mining and minerals processing sites, have released cyanide wastes to the environment. Free cyanide is present in water from the dissolution of compounds such as sodium cyanate, potassium cyanide, and hydrogen cyanide. The toxicity and fate of cyanide breakdown products, either during treatment or during natural degradation, is poorly understood. Aqueous species of particular concern are cyanate (CNO super(-)), thiocyanate (SCN super(-)), and cyanogen chloride (CNCl super(-)). The toxicity of these compounds to aquatic life is highly variable depending on environmental conditions, including physicochemical and microbial influences. Information pertaining to aquatic plant uptake of these cyanide ligands could not be located in the literature, while only a few studies addressing terrestrial plant uptake of cyanide (and only in the form of NaCN) could be found. In order to adequately evaluate the environmental fate and associated toxicity to higher plants and animals, further studies need to be conducted. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Boening, D W AU - Chew, C M AD - Lockheed Martin Services Group, 7411 Beach Drive East, Port Orchard, WA 98366, USA, boening.deanpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 67 EP - 79 VL - 109 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - cyanate KW - cyanide KW - cyanogen chloride KW - thiocyanate KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Freshwater KW - Environmental factors KW - Cyanide KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Marine KW - Cyanides KW - Aquatic plants KW - Brackish KW - Toxicity KW - Water pollution KW - Reviews KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17245031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=A+critical+review%3A+general+toxicity+and+environmental+fate+of+three+aqueous+cyanide+ions+and+associated+ligands&rft.au=Boening%2C+D+W%3BChew%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Boening&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic organisms; Cyanides; Pollutant persistence; Aquatic plants; Toxicity; Environmental factors; Water pollution; Cyanide; Reviews; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the potential immunotoxicity of bromodichloromethane in rats and mice AN - 17230240; 4511218 AB - In the past two decades, concern has been expressed over the potential carcinogenicity of disinfection by-products (DBPs) found in chlorinated drinking water. More recently, research efforts have expanded to include noncancer endpoints as well. The objective of the present studies was to evaluate the potential of bromodichloromethane (BDCM), one of the most prevalent DBPs, to adversely affect immune function in mice and rats following drinking water or gavage exposure. Antigen-specific immunity was assessed as the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes; responses to T- and B-cell mitogens were evaluated as a non-antigen-specific measure of the proliferative potential of splenic and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes. In consideration of an exposure route relevant to humans, C57BL/6 mice received 0.05, 0.25, or 0.5 g BDCM/L and F344 rats received 0.07 or 0.7 g BDCM/L via drinking water. In order to evaluate the effects of higher doses, animals were administered 50, 125, or 250 mg BDCM/kg/d (mice) or 75, 150, or 300 mg BDCM/kg/d (rats) via gavage. Under the conditions of these studies, no significant adverse effects on immune function were observed in mice. Despite some changes that were observed in non-antigen-specific immunity in rats, these experiments suggest that the immune system is not a sensitive target organ for BDCM toxicity. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - French, A S AU - Copeland, C B AU - Andrews, D AU - Wiliams, W C AU - Riddle, M M AU - Luebke, R W AD - US EPA, MD-92, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, luebke.robert@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 297 EP - 310 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - bromodichloromethane KW - mice KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Immunotoxicity KW - Immune system KW - Chlorination KW - Drinking water KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17230240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+potential+immunotoxicity+of+bromodichloromethane+in+rats+and+mice&rft.au=French%2C+A+S%3BCopeland%2C+C+B%3BAndrews%2C+D%3BWiliams%2C+W+C%3BRiddle%2C+M+M%3BLuebke%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorination; Immunotoxicity; Immune system; Drinking water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of interstitial, overlying water and whole sediment exposures to bioaccumulation by marine bivalves AN - 17211299; 4495490 AB - During the performance of contaminated sediment studies using nonpolar pollutants, like polyclorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with marine organisms, the routes of exposure can include whole sediment, overlying waters and interstitial waters (assuming no feeding). These routes can be further subdivided into particulate, colloidal and dissolved aquatic phases. Currently, the dissolved phase is believed to be the primary bioavailable exposure phase. In this investigation, two (i.e. interstitial water) and three phase (i.e. whole sediment) exposures were performed to determine the relative importance of each phase to the accumulation of PCBs from environmentally contaminated sediments. PCB concentrations in each exposure were separated into dissolved, colloidal and particulate phases, quantified and compared to concentrations accumulated by two exposed bivalve species: the filter-feeder Mulinia lateralis and the deposit-feeder Yoldia limatula. Identifying specific sources of bioavailable PCBs was hampered by the high level of correlation amongst all phases. However, differences between species were apparent, possibly reflecting bivalve-specific behavioral strategies. Also, overlying water contaminant distributions were often better correlated to organism accumulation than interstitial water dissolved phase contaminant distributions. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Burgess, R M AU - McKinney, R A AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 373 EP - 382 VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Dwarf surfclam KW - File yoldia KW - Mulinia lateralis KW - Yoldia limatula KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Colloids KW - Particulate matter KW - Sediment contamination KW - Toxicity tests KW - Mollusks KW - PCB KW - Pollution surveys KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Population exposure KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Correlation analysis KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Dissolved solids KW - Animal behavior KW - PCB compounds KW - Sediment pollution KW - Interstitial water KW - Bivalvia KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Marine pollution KW - Marine organisms KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17211299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Importance+of+interstitial%2C+overlying+water+and+whole+sediment+exposures+to+bioaccumulation+by+marine+bivalves&rft.au=Burgess%2C+R+M%3BMcKinney%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Pollution monitoring; Colloids; Particulate matter; Interstitial water; Correlation analysis; Toxicity tests; Pollution surveys; Bioaccumulation; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Marine pollution; Marine organisms; PCB; polychlorinated biphenyls; Mollusks; PCB compounds; Bivalvia; Population exposure; Dissolved solids; Sediment contamination; Animal behavior; Yoldia limatula; Mulinia lateralis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat shock during rat embryo development in vitro results in decreased mitosis and abundant cell death AN - 17205063; 4492378 AB - Epidemiologic studies strongly suggest that in utero exposure to hyperthermia results in developmental defects in humans. Rats, mice, guinea pigs, and other species exposed to hyperthermia also exhibit a variety of developmental defects. Studies in our laboratory have focused on exposure to hyperthermia on Gestation Day (GD) 10 of rats in vivo or in vitro. Within 24 h after in vivo or in vitro exposure, delayed or abnormal CNS, optic cup, somite, and limb development can be observed. At birth, only rib and vertebral malformations are seen after hyperthermia on GD 10, and these have been shown to be due to alterations in somite segmentation. Unsegmented somites have been thought to result from a cell-cycle block in the presomitic mesoderm, from which somites emerge individually during normal development. In the present study, DNA fragmentation (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) catalyzed fluorescein-12-dUTP DNA end-labelling), indicative of apoptotic cell death, and changes in cell proliferation were examined in vitro in 37 degree C control and heat treated (42 degree C for 15 min) GD 10 CD rat embryos. Embryos were returned to 37 degree C culture following exposure and evaluated 5, 8, or 18 h later. A temperature-related increase in TdT labelled cells was observed in the CNS, optic vesicle, neural tube, and somites. Increased cell death in the presomitic mesoderm also was evident. Changes in cell proliferation were examined using the cell-specific abundance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the quantification of mitotic figures. In neuroectodermal cells in the region of the optic cup, a change in the abundance of PCNA was not apparent, but a marked decrease in mitotic figures was observed. A significant change in cell proliferation in somites was not detected by either method. These results suggest that acute hyperthermia disrupts embryonic development through a combination of inappropriate cell death and/or altered cell proliferation in discrete regions of the developing rat embryo. Furthermore, postnatal vertebral and rib defects following disrupted somite development may be due, in part, to abundant cell death occurring in the presomitic mesoderm. JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Breen, J G AU - Claggett, T W AU - Kimmel, G L AU - Kimmel, CA AD - NCEA-W (8623-D), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA, kimmel.carole@epa.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 31 EP - 39 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - development KW - endothelin receptors KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Hyperthermia KW - Apoptosis KW - Mitosis KW - Heat shock KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17205063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Heat+shock+during+rat+embryo+development+in+vitro+results+in+decreased+mitosis+and+abundant+cell+death&rft.au=Breen%2C+J+G%3BClaggett%2C+T+W%3BKimmel%2C+G+L%3BKimmel%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Breen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apoptosis; Hyperthermia; Heat shock; Mitosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting toxicity of sediments spiked with silver AN - 17199055; 4491016 AB - Previous experiments conducted with freshwater sediments spiked with silver have shown that, when expressed on a dry weight basis, the toxicity of silver is sediment-specific and dependent on the form of silver added (e.g., AgNO sub(3), Ag sub(2)S). This study was conducted to assess the usefulness of silver interstitial water toxic units (IWTU) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations in predicting the biological effects of silver species across sediments, regardless of the species of silver present. Two saltwater sediments were spiked with a series of concentrations of silver. The amphipod, Ampelisca abdita, was then exposed to the sediments in ten-day toxicity tests. Amphipod mortality was sediment-specific when expressed on a dry weight basis, but not when based on IWTU or simultaneously extracted metal (SEM)-AVS. Sediments with an excess of AVS relative to SEM had IWTU 0.5, but no measurable AVS, and were generally toxic. Sediments with measurable AVS were not toxic. Reanalysis of the previously published data from the freshwater sediments spiked with silver showed mortality to be correlated with nominal SEM-AVS and with silver IWTU. Taken together, these results support the use of AVS and silver IWTUs in predicting the toxicity of silver in sediments. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Berry, W J AU - Cantwell, M G AU - Edwards, P A AU - Serbst, J R AU - Hansen, D J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, berry.walterpa.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 40 EP - 48 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Ampelisca abdita KW - Amphipoda KW - acid volatile sulfide KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Sediment contamination KW - Toxicity tests KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Sediment pollution KW - Mortality KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Amphipods KW - Sulfides KW - Interstitial water KW - Toxicity KW - Pollution surveys KW - Toxicity testing KW - Silver KW - Indicator species KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17199055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Predicting+toxicity+of+sediments+spiked+with+silver&rft.au=Berry%2C+W+J%3BCantwell%2C+M+G%3BEdwards%2C+P+A%3BSerbst%2C+J+R%3BHansen%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Annual review issue: Silver toxicity. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Sediment chemistry; Mortality; Sediment pollution; Interstitial water; Toxicity; Silver; Pollution surveys; Toxicity tests; Indicator species; Freshwater pollution; Sulfides; Toxicity testing; Amphipods; Sediment contamination; Ampelisca abdita ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical issues for monitoring ecological and natural resources in the United States AN - 17192243; 4487877 AB - The United States funds a number of national monitoring programs to measure the status and trends of ecological and natural resources. Each of these programs has a unique focus; the scientific objectives are different as are the sample designs. However, individuals and committees, all well aware of the cost of ecological monitoring, have called for more effective monitoring programs. The objective of this paper is to summarize existing programs' statistical designs and discuss potential alternatives for improvement in national monitoring. Can we improve the current situation by providing an overall framework for the design or analysis of data from these disparate surveys? First, the paper summarizes the objectives of these surveys, compares and contrasts their survey designs as currently implemented, and determines what variables they collect. Through this process we identify commonalities and issues that impact our ability to combine information across one or more of the surveys. Three potential alternatives are presented, leading to comprehensive monitoring in the United States. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Olsen, A R AU - Sedransk, J AU - Edwards, D AU - Gotway, CA AU - Liggett, W AU - Rathbun, S AU - Reckhow, KH AU - Young, L J AD - USEPA National Health and Environmental Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 S.W. 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, tolsen@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 1 EP - 45 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Resource management KW - Natural resources KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17192243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Statistical+issues+for+monitoring+ecological+and+natural+resources+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Olsen%2C+A+R%3BSedransk%2C+J%3BEdwards%2C+D%3BGotway%2C+CA%3BLiggett%2C+W%3BRathbun%2C+S%3BReckhow%2C+KH%3BYoung%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Natural resources; Environmental monitoring; Resource management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen species in the eastern United States for 1989-1995 AN - 17191502; 4480008 AB - Emission reductions were mandated in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 with the expectation that they would result in major reductions in the concentrations of atmospherically transported pollutants. This paper investigates the form and magnitude of trends from 1989 to 1995 in atmospheric concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfate, and nitrogen at 34 rural sites in the eastern US. Across all sites, there is strong evidence of statistically significant declining trends in sulfur dioxide (median change of -35%) and sulfate concentrations (median change of -26%). In general, trends in nitrogen concentrations were not as pronounced (median change of -8%) as trends in the sulfur compounds. A regional estimate of trend for a cluster of sites in the Ohio River valley showed close correspondence between declining sulfur dioxide concentrations (-35%) and changes in sulfur dioxide emissions (-32%) in this region. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Holland, D M AU - Principe, P P AU - Sickles, JE II AD - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, holland@olympus.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/01// PY - 1999 DA - Jan 1999 SP - 37 EP - 49 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, Eastern KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Sulfur KW - Sulfates KW - Historical account KW - Statistical analysis KW - Atmosphere KW - Emission inventories KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Nitrogen KW - Air pollution measurements KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17191502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Trends+in+atmospheric+sulfur+and+nitrogen+species+in+the+eastern+United+States+for+1989-1995&rft.au=Holland%2C+D+M%3BPrincipe%2C+P+P%3BSickles%2C+JE+II&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfates; Sulfur; Atmosphere; Air pollution measurements; Historical account; Sulfur dioxide; Emission inventories; Nitrogen; Statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Additive Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Phototoxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to the Oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus AN - 17136507; 4438871 AB - Toxicity of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can increase by an order of magnitude, or more, in the presence of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In the environment, PAHs exist as complex mixtures, which generally would include multiple PAHs that could cause photoinduced toxicity. Hence, to accurately predict the potential ecological risk of phototoxic PAHs, it is critical to understand their joint toxicity. In this study, we exposed the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus to the phototoxic PAHs anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, both singly and as binary mixtures for 96 h. Following this, the animals were exposed to UV light for an additional 96 h, during which periodic observations of mortality were made. Time-dependent phototoxicity of the binary PAH mixtures, expressed as a function of the product of UV light intensity and PAH dose (in the tissue of the animals), was adequately described using a concentration addition model. Given the probability that the PAHs examined acted via a common mechanism of action, this result was consistent with expectations. These data highlight the need to consider the combined photoactivation potential of PAH mixtures and provide the technical basis for a modeling approach to predict their ecological risk. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Erickson, R J AU - Ankley, G T AU - Defoe, D L AU - Kosian, P A AU - Makynen, E A AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, 55804, Minnesota, ankley.gerald@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1999/01/01/ PY - 1999 DA - 1999 Jan 01 SP - 97 EP - 105 PB - Academic Press VL - 154 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Lumbriculus variegatus KW - Oligochaeta KW - fluoranthene KW - pyrene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Anthracene KW - Pyrene KW - Solar radiation KW - Phototoxicity KW - U.V. radiation KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Fluoranthene KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17136507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Additive+Toxicity+of+Binary+Mixtures+of+Phototoxic+Polycyclic+Aromatic+Hydrocarbons+to+the+Oligochaete+Lumbriculus+variegatus&rft.au=Erickson%2C+R+J%3BAnkley%2C+G+T%3BDefoe%2C+D+L%3BKosian%2C+P+A%3BMakynen%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lumbriculus variegatus; Solar radiation; pyrene; Anthracene; Ultraviolet radiation; Risk assessment; Phototoxicity; Toxicity testing; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pyrene; Fluoranthene; U.V. radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US regulations on residual disinfection AN - 13606363; 199903506 AB - An overview of the existing regulations in the U.S.A. for maintaining a disinfectant residual is presented. The surface water treatment rule and the total coliform rule of the Safe Drinking Water Act are intended to limit waterborne disease in general and to specifically control Giardia and Legionella. However, to ensure overall water quality a multifaceted approach is described, as are forthcoming regulations to address issues such as groundwaters and disinfection by-products, changes to disinfection practices and improvements to the distribution system. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Shaw, SE AU - Regli, S AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 75 EP - 80 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13606363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=US+regulations+on+residual+disinfection&rft.au=Shaw%2C+SE%3BRegli%2C+S&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xenoendocrine disrupters: laboratory studies on male reproductive effects. AN - 69168758; 10022274 AB - Wildlife from ecosystems contaminated with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) display a variety of reproductive alterations including cryptorchidism in the Florida panther, small baculum in young male otters, small penises in alligators, sex reversal in fish, and altered social behavior in birds. It has been proposed that EDCs also may have contributed to increases in testicular cancer and hypospadias and the reported decline in human sperm counts. Combined in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to fully characterize EDC induced alterations of reproduction. We have identified several pesticides (vinclozolin, procymidone, p,p'-DDE) which bind rat and human androgen receptors, block androgen-induced gene expression in vitro and in vivo, delay puberty, reduce sex accessory gland size and alter sex differentiation in the male rat. Some of the phthalates, which are estrogenic in vitro but not in vivo, cause malformations in male rats that appear to result from antagonism of androgens in utero. In contrast, xenoestrogens affect male offspring but they are not malformed or infertile. Prenatal administration of an Ah receptor agonist (2,3,7,8-TCDD or PCB 169) produces a different spectrum of effects including reduced ejaculated sperm numbers in male rats. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Gray, L E AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 28 SP - 331 EP - 335 VL - 102-103 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Androgen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Androgens KW - Estrogens KW - Pesticides KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Index Medicus KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Androgen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Spermatozoa -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Estrogens -- toxicity KW - Androgens -- toxicity KW - Sex Differentiation -- drug effects KW - Genitalia, Male -- drug effects KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69168758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Xenoendocrine+disrupters%3A+laboratory+studies+on+male+reproductive+effects.&rft.au=Gray%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-12-28&rft.volume=102-103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Commercial toxicology prediction systems: a regulatory perspective. AN - 69166988; 10022322 AB - The use of commercial toxicity prediction systems in a regulatory setting must consider both the limitations and capabilities of the methods, as well as the ultimate use of the predictions, e.g. for testing prioritization, screening, or supporting regulatory decisions. Current systems are better suited to hazard identification (i.e. positive identification of activity-conferring features) than to ruling out hazard. Two recent examples (an EPA testing prioritization exercise for water disinfection byproducts and a regulatory action on 2,4,6-tribromophenol) illustrate issues involved in regulatory applications of SAR and commercial prediction systems. The challenge for the future will be to improve technologies for prediction within the constraints of available data, make optimal use of new test data, and better integrate elements of quantitative modeling (QSAR), empirical association, and biological and chemical mechanisms towards the goal of toxicity prediction. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Richard, A M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. richard.ann@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 28 SP - 611 EP - 616 VL - 102-103 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Disinfection KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69166988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Commercial+toxicology+prediction+systems%3A+a+regulatory+perspective.&rft.au=Richard%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-12-28&rft.volume=102-103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Tiered screening and testing strategy for xenoestrogens and antiandrogens AN - 17292856; 4564456 AB - Anthropogenic chemicals that disrupt endocrine function during critical stages of development can produce profound reproductive alterations in both wildlife and humans. Of the tens of thousands of chemicals in existence, few have been tested for their ability to disrupt the endocrine system. Newly enacted legislation requires that the USEPA develop a chemical screening and testing program for endocrine effects. At present, the Endocrine Disrupters Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC) is considering a screening bettery (Tier 1) to detect (anti)estrogenic (E) (anti)androgenic (A) and antithyroid activities using in vivo and in vitro assays. In addition, the battery should detect alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary function, steroid/thyroid hormone synthesis as well as receptor-mediated effects in mammals and other taxa. Chemicals positive in Tier 1 should be labeled as potential endocrine disrupters and subjected to testing (Tier 2). The present discussion will provide examples of in vitro (receptor binding, gene expression and steroidogenesis) and in vivo assays for screening. Short-term in vivo assays which have been used to detect estrogenicity for over 70 years are still useful in this regard. Identification of (anti)androgenic activity is easily accomplished by examination of growth of androgen-dependent tissues in young castrated male rats, determination of the age at puberty (balanopreputial separation) or by examination of reproductive malformations after in utero exposure (hypospadias, testicular non-descent, retained nipples, a vaginal pouch, prostate agenesis, and reduced anogenital distance). Pubertal assays with intact animals will not only detect chemicals that alter E-A function via their nuclear receptors, but also will detect altered hormone synthesis and alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. While in utero assays are critical for testing, presently they are not included in screening because they can be relatively long-term studies. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Gray, LE Jr Y1 - 1998/12/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 28 SP - 677 EP - 680 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd., P.O. Box 85 Limerick Ireland VL - 102-103 IS - 1-3 KW - androgens KW - endocrine system KW - estrogens KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Estrogens KW - Drug screening KW - Bioassays KW - Reviews KW - Endocrine system KW - Androgens KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17292856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Tiered+screening+and+testing+strategy+for+xenoestrogens+and+antiandrogens&rft.au=Gray%2C+LE+Jr&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1998-12-28&rft.volume=102-103&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Neurotoxicity of environmental chemicals and their mechanism of action AN - 17267622; 4564448 AB - Despite a ban on their manufacture in 1977, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are still found in significant quantities in the environment. Developmental exposure to PCBs and related compounds has been reported to be neurotoxic in human and animals. Research in our laboratory has focused on the possible site(s) and mechanism(s) of PCB-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Recent experiments with rats found that developmental exposure to Aroclor-1254 (ARC) affects the acquisition of a lever press response and produces long-term changes in calcium buffering and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in the brain. In vitro studies in our laboratory have found that ARC increases [ super(3)H]phorbol ester binding, an indirect measure of PKC translocation, and inhibits calcium buffering in microsomes and mitochondria. Other experiments indicate that PCB congeners with chlorine substitutions at ortho-or low lateral substitutions are active in vitro, while non-ortho-substituted congeners are less active or inactive. Other research suggests that the lack of coplanarity of the PCB molecule is related to in vitro activity of PCB congeners. These studies indicate that in vivo developmental exposure to PCBs alters behavior and second messenger systems during adulthood, while in vitro experiments indicate that nervous system activity is related to ortho-substituted congeners that tend to be non-coplanar in configuration. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that developmental neurotoxicity of ARC is due, in part, to the presence of ortho-substituted PCB congeners. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Tilson, HA AU - Kodavanti, PRS AU - Mundy, W R AU - Bushnell, P J Y1 - 1998/12/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 28 SP - 631 EP - 635 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd., P.O. Box 85 Limerick Ireland VL - 102-103 IS - 1-3 KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Calcium KW - Environmental health KW - Second messengers KW - PCB KW - Brain KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Pollution effects KW - Chemical pollution KW - PCB compounds KW - Aroclor KW - Reviews KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17267622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Neurotoxicity+of+environmental+chemicals+and+their+mechanism+of+action&rft.au=Tilson%2C+HA%3BKodavanti%2C+PRS%3BMundy%2C+W+R%3BBushnell%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Tilson&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1998-12-28&rft.volume=102-103&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Experimental assessment of the influence of atmospheric pollutants on respiratory disease AN - 17262943; 4564394 AB - Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation, episodes of usually reversible airways obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The disease has significant health, societal and economic consequences. Experimental assessment methods, including controlled human exposure studies, human and animal dosimetry, as well as animal and in vitro toxicology, can shed light on how air pollutants may cause and/or worsen asthma. A brief summary background on selected classes of air pollutants is provided and selected experimental studies that exemplify novel approaches or suggest new hypotheses are highlighted. Possible directions for future research about the effects of particles, pesticides, ambient air toxicants, and pollutant mixtures on asthma, are also outlined. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Koren, H AU - O'Neill, M Y1 - 1998/12/28/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 28 SP - 317 EP - 321 PB - Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd., P.O. Box 85 Limerick Ireland VL - 102-103 IS - 1-3 KW - man KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pollution effects KW - Particulates KW - Public health KW - Lung diseases KW - Asthma KW - Air pollution KW - Reviews KW - Pesticides KW - Polluted environments KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17262943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Experimental+assessment+of+the+influence+of+atmospheric+pollutants+on+respiratory+disease&rft.au=Koren%2C+H%3BO%27Neill%2C+M&rft.aulast=Koren&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-12-28&rft.volume=102-103&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreased CD11b expression, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst in urban particulate pollution-exposed human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. AN - 69095392; 9860321 AB - Elevated levels of air pollution particulates < or = 10 microm in diameter (PM10) have been associated with an increase in mortality and morbidity due to pulmonary complications, including pneumonia. Impairment of inflammatory and host defense functions of the alveolar macrophage (AM) may be a precipitating factor. The present study was undertaken to determine whether human AM and blood derived monocytes (MO) modulate the expression of receptors important for phagocytosis of opsonized microbes (CD11b, CD11c), gram-negative bacteria (CD14), extracellular matrix interaction (CD29), and immune responses (CD11a, CD54, HLA-DR) when exposed to particulates obtained from urban air (UAP). Furthermore, phagocytosis of and oxidant generation by opsonized yeast were investigated in particle-exposed cells. AM and MO exposed to UAP for 18 h expressed significantly lower levels of CD11b and CD29. CD14 expression was markedly decreased in MO but not in AM, and CD11c was reduced in AM but not in MO. CD11a, CD54, and HLA-DR were unaltered in both phagocyte populations. Decreased receptor expression was not dependent on particle load in the cells. Phagocytosis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the chemiluminescence response were also significantly inhibited by UAP. Time-course studies revealed that decreased oxidant generation was evident already at 3 h postexposure, while significant effects on phagocytosis and CD11b expression were found at 18 h. These data indicate that exposure to particulate pollution is likely to impair host defense functions of AM and MO, which are important in elimination of a variety of pathogens in the lung. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Becker, S AU - Soukup, J M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. becker.susanne@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 11 SP - 455 EP - 477 VL - 55 IS - 7 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Macrophage-1 Antigen KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- physiology KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Respiratory Burst -- drug effects KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Monocytes -- physiology KW - Monocytes -- drug effects KW - Macrophage-1 Antigen -- biosynthesis KW - Respiratory Burst -- physiology KW - Phagocytosis -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophage-1 Antigen -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69095392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Decreased+CD11b+expression%2C+phagocytosis%2C+and+oxidative+burst+in+urban+particulate+pollution-exposed+human+monocytes+and+alveolar+macrophages.&rft.au=Becker%2C+S%3BSoukup%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-11&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Membrane technologies for remediating contaminated soils: a critical review AN - 17146903; 4441129 AB - Regulatory compliance requires that soils contaminated with toxic organic and metallic compounds be cleaned up. Several chemical and thermal detoxification technologies are commercially available for directly treating the contaminated soils excavated from contaminated sites. In contrast, soil washing with aqueous solutions transfers the contaminants from the solid matrix to the aqueous fraction which, then, needs to be further treated. Membranes have not been used much for treating these effluents. However, several membrane techniques appear promising. In these techniques, the main objective is to find ways of concentrating the contaminants with much higher volume reduction than is customarily available. Applications of membranes to soil washings should primarily be looked upon as an inexpensive aid to destruction, disposal, or recovery technologies that determine the ultimate fate of the contaminants. JF - Journal of Membrane Science AU - Sikdar, S K AU - Grosse, D AU - Rogut, I AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, sikdar.subhas@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12/09/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Dec 09 SP - 75 EP - 85 VL - 151 IS - 1 SN - 0376-7388, 0376-7388 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Membranes KW - Materials recovery KW - Decontamination KW - Cleaning process KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17146903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Membrane+Science&rft.atitle=Membrane+technologies+for+remediating+contaminated+soils%3A+a+critical+review&rft.au=Sikdar%2C+S+K%3BGrosse%2C+D%3BRogut%2C+I&rft.aulast=Sikdar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-09&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Membrane+Science&rft.issn=03767388&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Environmental: water, air and land. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil remediation; Membranes; Materials recovery; Cleaning process; Decontamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Processing contaminated dredged material from the Port of New York-New Jersey AN - 968179776; 16466618 AB - Shipping activities in the Port of New York-New Jersey are currently threatened by restrictions on dredging of navigational channels and private berthing areas becaused of concerns about the environmental effects caused by ocean disposal of the dredged material. Current proposals for solutions to the problem include ocean disposal of uncontaminated material, use of confined disposal facilities (both upland facilities and containment islands), subaqueous barrow pits, and processing and treatment for contaminated materials. A project to produce a complete "treatment train" for processing and decontaminating dredged material is described. The work is divided into several phases: treatability studies of commercial and nonproprietary technologies at volumes of 19 liters (bench scale) and up to 19 m super(3) (pilot scale); specification of a treatment train; and implementation of a large-scale facility that can process 76,000-382,000 m super(3) of dredged material per year. The goal is to achieve operational status for the facility by the end of 1999. JF - Estuaries AU - Stern, E A AU - Donato, K AU - Jones, K W AU - Clesceri, N L AD - Division of Environmental Planning and Protection, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Place Based Protection Branch 290 Broadway, 10007-1866, New York, New York, kwj@bnl.govff3 Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 646 EP - 651 PB - Estuarine Research Federation, 490 Chippingwood Dr. Port Republic MD 20676-2140 United States VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Environmental Effects KW - Ocean Dumping KW - Estuaries KW - Navigational channels KW - Berthing KW - Specifications KW - Pits KW - Channels KW - Currents KW - Islands KW - Oceans KW - Environmental effects KW - Dredging KW - Shipping KW - Pilot Plants KW - Containment KW - Technology KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - Q2 09381:Cables KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/968179776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Processing+contaminated+dredged+material+from+the+Port+of+New+York-New+Jersey&rft.au=Stern%2C+E+A%3BDonato%2C+K%3BJones%2C+K+W%3BClesceri%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F1353302 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental effects; Dredging; Navigational channels; Shipping; Berthing; Containment; Pits; Channels; Currents; Islands; Oceans; Estuaries; Technology; Environmental Effects; Ocean Dumping; Pilot Plants; Specifications DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1353302 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of putative sequence specific PCR primers for detection of the toxigenic fungal species Stachybotrys chartarum. AN - 70110509; 9843656 AB - The nucleotide sequence of a c 936 bp segment of the nuclear rRNA gene operon was determined for the toxigenic fungal species Stachybotrys chartarum and for other species of Stachybotrys and the related genus Memnoniella. This information was used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of these organisms and to search for sequence specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for S. chartarum in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Searches for candidate primers were performed both by computer using the commercially available Oligo(R) v5.0 primer analysis software package and by manual inspection of the aligned sequences. Primers identified in both types of searches were evaluated for their specificities using a priming efficiency analysis algorithm available in the Oligo(R) 5.0 software. The automated computer searches were unsuccessful in finding S. chartarum-specific primers but did identify a group-specific reverse primer (designated as StacR4) for a phylogenetically related cluster of species that included S. chartarum. Manual searches led to the identification of a reverse primer (designated as StacR3) that was predicted to be specific for only S. chartarum and one other species of Stachybotrys. Experimental PCR analyses using these primers in conjunction with a universal forward primer indicated that the computer-generated amplification efficiency predictions were correct in most instances. A notable exception was the finding that StacR3 was specific only for S. chartarum. The relative merits of different PCR strategies for the detection of S. chartarum employing either one or both of the primers identified in this study are discussed. Copyright 1998 Academic Press JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Haugland, R A AU - Heckman, J L AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA. haugland.rich@epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 387 EP - 396 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - DNA, Ribosomal KW - Mycotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - DNA, Ribosomal -- genetics KW - DNA, Fungal -- chemistry KW - Cricetinae KW - Stachybotrys -- genetics KW - Stachybotrys -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Stachybotrys -- classification KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70110509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=Identification+of+putative+sequence+specific+PCR+primers+for+detection+of+the+toxigenic+fungal+species+Stachybotrys+chartarum.&rft.au=Haugland%2C+R+A%3BHeckman%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Haugland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF081469; GENBANK; AF081478; AF081468; AF081477; AF081479; AF081470; AF081471; AF081472; AF081482; AF081473; AF081483; AF081474; AF081475; AF081480; AF081481; AF081476 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response relationships for disposition and hepatic sequestration of polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls following subchronic treatment in mice. AN - 69175947; 10048125 AB - Humans are exposed to mixtures of polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls mainly through the diet. Many of these chemicals are dioxin-like and their relative toxicity is related to their ability to bind and activate the Ah receptor. The present study examines the structure-activity relationship for disposition of these chemicals in female B6C3F1 mice following subchronic exposures. Mice were treated 5 days/week for 13 weeks by oral gavage with different doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD),2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin (TBDD), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (1-PeCDF), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (126), 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (169), 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (105), 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (118), and 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl (156). All of the chemicals examined exhibited dose-dependent increases in the liver/fat concentrations except PCBs 105, 118, and 156. While TCDD is the most potent toxicant in this class of chemicals, 4-PeCDF, PeCDD, OCDF, TCDF, and PCB126 were sequestered in hepatic tissue to a greater extent than was TCDD. The high affinity for hepatic tissue supports the presence of an inducible hepatic binding protein for some dixin-like chemicals. The differences in disposition between these chemicals suggests that pharmacokinetic differences between congeners is important in the relative potency of these chemicals. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - DeVito, M J AU - Ross, D G AU - Dupuy, A E AU - Ferrario, J AU - McDaniel, D AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 223 EP - 234 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Biphenyl Compounds KW - Dioxins KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Burden KW - Mice KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Dioxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Benzofurans -- pharmacokinetics KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Biphenyl Compounds -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69175947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Dose-response+relationships+for+disposition+and+hepatic+sequestration+of+polyhalogenated+dibenzo-p-dioxins%2C+dibenzofurans%2C+and+biphenyls+following+subchronic+treatment+in+mice.&rft.au=DeVito%2C+M+J%3BRoss%2C+D+G%3BDupuy%2C+A+E%3BFerrario%2C+J%3BMcDaniel%2C+D%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=DeVito&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-06 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children: empirical comparisons with epidemiologic data. AN - 69172539; 9860915 AB - The concept of model validation is evolving in the scientific community. This paper addresses the comparison of observed and predicted estimates as one component of model validation as applied to the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic (IEUBK) model for lead in children. The IEUBK model is an exposure (dose)-response model that uses children's environmental lead exposures to estimate risk of elevated blood lead (typically > 10 micrograms/dl) through estimation of lead body burdens in a mass balance framework. We used residence-specific environmental lead measurements from three epidemiologic datasets as inputs for the IEUBK model to predict blood lead levels, and compared these predictions with blood lead levels of children living at these residences. When the IEUBK modeling focused on children with representative exposure measurements, that is, children who spent the bulk of their time near the locations sampled, there was reasonably close agreement between observed and predicted blood lead distributions in the three studies considered. Geometric mean observed and predicted blood lead levels were within 0.7 microgram/dl, and proportions of study populations expected to be above 10 micrograms/dl were within 4% of those observed. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Hogan, K AU - Marcus, A AU - Smith, R AU - White, P AD - Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. hogan.karen@epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1557 EP - 1567 VL - 106 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Age Factors KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Paint -- analysis KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Child KW - Feeding Behavior KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Lead -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69172539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Integrated+exposure+uptake+biokinetic+model+for+lead+in+children%3A+empirical+comparisons+with+epidemiologic+data.&rft.au=Hogan%2C+K%3BMarcus%2C+A%3BSmith%2C+R%3BWhite%2C+P&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1535-9 [9860912] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1551-6 [9860914] J Pediatr. 1972 Dec;81(6):1088-91 [4643025] Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986 Mar 15;292(6522):746-50 [3082422] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1513-30 [9860910] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Nov;89:101-5 [2088735] JAMA. 1994 Jul 27;272(4):284-91 [8028141] Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 1995;143:59-78 [7501867] Am J Public Health. 1996 Oct;86(10):1416-21 [8876511] Arch Environ Health. 1986 Nov-Dec;41(6):341-5 [3619490] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The conceptual structure of the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children. AN - 69171675; 9860910 AB - The integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children was developed to provide plausible blood lead distributions corresponding to particular combinations of multimedia lead exposure. The model is based on a set of equations that convert lead exposure (expressed as micrograms per day) to blood lead concentration (expressed as micrograms per deciliter) by quantitatively mimicking the physiologic processes that determine blood lead concentration. The exposures from air, food, water, soil, and dust are modeled independently by several routes. Amounts of lead absorbed are modeled independently for air, food, water, and soil/dust, then combined as a single input to the blood plasma reservoir of the body. Lead in the blood plasma reservoir, which includes extracellular fluids, is mathematically allocated to all tissues of the body using age-specific biokinetic parameters. The model calculation provides the estimate for blood lead concentration for that age. This value is treated as the geometric mean of possible values for a single child, or the geometric mean of expected values for a population of children exposed to the same lead concentrations. The distribution of blood lead concentrations about this geometric mean is estimated using a geometric standard deviation, typically 1.6, derived from the analysis of well-conducted community blood studies. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - White, P D AU - Van Leeuwen, P AU - Davis, B D AU - Maddaloni, M AU - Hogan, K A AU - Marcus, A H AU - Elias, R W AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA. white.paul@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1513 EP - 1530 VL - 106 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Soil KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Algorithms KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Child KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Lead -- toxicity KW - Models, Biological KW - Lead -- pharmacokinetics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69171675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=The+conceptual+structure+of+the+integrated+exposure+uptake+biokinetic+model+for+lead+in+children.&rft.au=White%2C+P+D%3BVan+Leeuwen%2C+P%3BDavis%2C+B+D%3BMaddaloni%2C+M%3BHogan%2C+K+A%3BMarcus%2C+A+H%3BElias%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Br J Ind Med. 1981 Aug;38(3):209-17 [6791682] Am J Med Sci. 1955 Jun;229(6):678-94 [14376397] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1981 Oct;61(1):39-47 [7292501] Toxicol Lett. 1981 Oct;9(2):121-4 [7302983] Hum Toxicol. 1982 Oct;1(4):411-5 [7173926] Health Phys. 1982 Sep;43(3):307-22 [7174326] J Am Diet Assoc. 1983 Feb;82(2):166-73 [6822702] J Nutr. 1983 Feb;113(2):365-78 [6822908] Br J Ind Med. 1983 Feb;40(1):51-7 [6402004] Am J Dis Child. 1983 Sep;137(9):886-91 [6613955] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1983;53(1):37-46 [6654500] J Appl Toxicol. 1984 Apr;4(2):63-5 [6736552] Environ Res. 1985 Apr;36(2):441-58 [3979363] Environ Res. 1985 Apr;36(2):459-72 [3979364] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1975 Jun;32(3):638-51 [1154419] Postgrad Med J. 1975 Nov;51(601):795-800 [1208288] J Clin Invest. 1976 Aug;58(2):260-70 [783195] J Lab Clin Med. 1977 Aug;90(2):238-48 [886210] Br J Ind Med. 1978 Feb;35(1):21-6 [629885] J Appl Toxicol. 1985 Apr;5(2):94-6 [3998378] Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1985 Apr 22;224(1235):149-82 [2860671] Hum Toxicol. 1985 Jul;4(4):401-7 [4018820] West J Med. 1985 Sep;143(3):357-64 [3931357] Food Addit Contam. 1986 Apr-Jun;3(2):167-76 [3709889] Arch Environ Health. 1986 May-Jun;41(3):171-7 [3740957] Arch Environ Health. 1986 Jul-Aug;41(4):216-21 [3767431] J Pharm Sci. 1986 Nov;75(11):1028-40 [3820096] Arch Intern Med. 1987 Apr;147(4):697-703 [3103564] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1987;59(2):177-87 [3557626] Stat Med. 1987 Mar;6(2):185-92 [3589247] Arch Environ Health. 1986 Nov-Dec;41(6):387-90 [3619496] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1988;61(1-2):141-6 [2848773] Eur J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr;19(2):228-33 [2499482] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Jun 15;99(2):314-22 [2734794] Environ Res. 1978 Dec;17(3):403-8 [318526] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1990 Apr;11(2):158-90 [2185511] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Nov;89:101-5 [2088735] Nature. 1971 Oct 22;233(5321):564 [4939985] J Lab Clin Med. 1972 Jan;79(1):128-36 [5007557] J Nutr. 1972 May;102(5):647-52 [5022199] Science. 1973 Nov 16;182(4113):725-7 [4752213] Q J Med. 1974 Jan;43(169):89-111 [4822973] Br J Ind Med. 1975 May;32(2):119-39 [1131339] Am J Clin Nutr. 1980 Aug;33(8):1784-8 [7405881] Br J Ind Med. 1981 Feb;38(1):61-71 [7193476] Pediatr Res. 1978 Jan;12(1):29-34 [643372] Ann Hum Biol. 1978 Jul;5(4):389-94 [686675] Environ Health Perspect. 1978 Aug;25:81-6 [720306] Arch Environ Health. 1979 Jul-Aug;34(4):280-5 [475473] J R Inst Public Health. 1961 Apr;24:81-97 [13752200] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Nov;89:79-84 [2088759] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Nov;89:95-100 [2088762] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1991 Nov;111(2):313-31 [1957315] Sci Total Environ. 1991 Oct 15;108(3):235-42 [1754878] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Oct;19(3):388-98 [1459371] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Jan;118(1):16-29 [8430422] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101(7):598-616 [8143593] Sci Total Environ. 1994 May 2;145(1-2):55-70 [8016629] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1535-9 [9860912] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1551-6 [9860914] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1557-67 [9860915] J Nutr. 1981 Oct;111(10):1757-65 [7288498] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lung tumorigenic interactions in strain A/J mice of five environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AN - 69171577; 9860890 AB - The binary, ternary, quaternary, and quintary interactions of a five-component mixture of carcinogenic environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using response surface analyses are described. Initially, lung tumor dose-response curves in strain A/J mice for each of the individual PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), 5-methylchrysene (5MC), and cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP) were obtained. From these data, doses were selected for the quintary mixture study based on toxicity, survival, range of response, and predicted tumor yields. The ratios of doses among PAHs were designed to simulate PAH ratios found in environmental air and combustion samples. Quintary mixtures of B[a]P, B[b]F, DBA, 5MC, and CPP were administered to male strain A/J mice in a 2(5) factorial 32-dose group dosing scheme (combinations of five PAHs each at either high or low doses) and lung adenomas were scored. Comparison of observed lung adenoma formation with that expected from additivity identified both greater than additive and less than additive interactions that were dose related i.e., greater than additive at lower doses and less than additive at higher doses. To identify specific interactions, a response surface analysis using response addition was applied to the tumor data. This response surface model contained five dose, ten binary, ten ternary, five quaternary, and one quintary parameter. This analysis produced statistically significant values of 16 parameters. The model and model parameters were evaluated by estimating the dose-response relationships for each of the five PAHs. The predicted dose-response curves for all five PAHs indicated a good estimation. The binary interaction functions were dominated for the most part by DBA and were inhibitory. The response surface model predicted, to a significant degree, the observed lung tumorigenic responses of the quintary mixtures. These data suggest that although interactions between PAHs do occur, they are limited in extent. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Nesnow, S AU - Mass, M J AU - Ross, J A AU - Galati, A J AU - Lambert, G R AU - Gennings, C AU - Carter, W H AU - Stoner, G D AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. nesnow.stephen@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1337 EP - 1346 VL - 106 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Pyrenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Mice, Inbred A KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Surface Properties KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma -- pathology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69171577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Lung+tumorigenic+interactions+in+strain+A%2FJ+mice+of+five+environmental+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BMass%2C+M+J%3BRoss%2C+J+A%3BGalati%2C+A+J%3BLambert%2C+G+R%3BGennings%2C+C%3BCarter%2C+W+H%3BStoner%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Psychiatry. 1996 Mar;153(3):311-20 [8610817] Arzneimittelforschung. 1995 Jul;45(7):739-48 [8573214] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1974 Oct;53(4):1121-33 [4427391] IARC Sci Publ. 1977;(16):53-9 [68909] IARC Sci Publ. 1977;(16):69-77 [68911] Arch Geschwulstforsch. 1980;50(3):266-74 [7436704] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1983 Sep;71(3):539-44 [6577228] Cancer Res. 1984 Jun;44(6):2524-9 [6547075] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984 Jul;73(1):25-39 [6588230] Carcinog Compr Surv. 1985;8:257-77 [3986826] J Theor Biol. 1985 Jun 7;114(3):413-31 [4021503] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1986;19(2):173-83 [3531536] Cancer Lett. 1987 Jan;34(1):15-20 [3802065] Risk Anal. 1986 Jun;6(2):167-70 [3615986] Cell Biol Toxicol. 1987 Sep;3(3):263-77 [3507258] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1990 Feb;14(2):235-42 [2318349] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Sep;11(9):1611-9 [2401051] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1991 Jun;33(2):237-48 [2051497] Chem Res Toxicol. 1989 Jan-Feb;2(1):15-22 [2519226] Sci Total Environ. 1992 Jan 15;111(2-3):169-99 [1539129] Cancer Res. 1993 Mar 1;53(5):1017-22 [8439948] Cancer Res. 1993 Mar 1;53(5):944-8 [8439967] Carcinogenesis. 1993 Apr;14(4):767-71 [8472345] Carcinogenesis. 1993 May;14(5):863-7 [8504478] Chem Res Toxicol. 1993 May-Jun;6(3):356-63 [7686408] Chem Res Toxicol. 1993 Jul-Aug;6(4):568-77 [8374058] Mol Carcinog. 1993;8(3):186-92 [8216737] Carcinogenesis. 1994 Apr;15(4):601-6 [8149468] Carcinogenesis. 1994 Nov;15(11):2613-8 [7955114] Cancer Res. 1995 Mar 1;55(5):1039-44 [7866986] Toxicology. 1995 Dec 28;105(2-3):121-35 [8571351] Toxicology. 1995 Dec 28;105(2-3):161-79 [8571354] Toxicology. 1995 Dec 28;105(2-3):189-97 [8571356] Toxicology. 1995 Dec 28;105(2-3):403-13 [8571376] Carcinogenesis. 1996 Aug;17(8):1701-4 [8761429] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity of bioremediated soils from the Reilly Tar site, St. Louis Park, Minnesota. AN - 69171421; 9860901 AB - An in vitro approach was used to measure the genotoxicity of creosote-contaminated soil before and after four bioremediation processes. The soil was taken from the Reilly Tar site, a closed Superfund site in Saint Louis Park, Minnesota. The creosote soil was bioremediated in bioslurry, biopile, compost, and land treatment, which were optimized for effective treatment. Mutagenicity profiles of dichloromethane extracts of the five soils were determined in the Spiral technique of the Salmonella assay with seven tester strains. Quantitative mutagenic responses in the plate incorporation technique were then determined in the most sensitive strains, YG1041 and YG1042. Mutagenic potency (revertants per microgram extract) in YG1041 suggested that compost, land treatment, and untreated creosote soil extracts were moderately mutagenic with Arochlor-induced rat liver (S9) but were nonmutagenic without S9. However, the bioslurry extract was strongly mutagenic and the biopile extract was moderately mutagenic either with or without S9. A similar trend was obtained in strain YG1042. The strong mutagenic activity in the bioslurry extract was reduced by 50% in TA98NR, which suggested the presence of mutagenic nitrohydrocarbons. Variation in reproducibility was 15% or less for the bioassay and extraction procedures. Bioavailability of mutagens in the biopile soil was determined with six solvents; water-soluble mutagens accounted for 40% of the total mutagenic activity and they were stable at room temperature. The mutagenic activity in the bioslurry and biopsile samples was due to either the processes themselves or to the added sludge/manure amendments. The in vitro approach was effective in monitoring bioremediated soils for genotoxicity and will be useful in future laboratory and in situ studies. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Hughes, T J AU - Claxton, L D AU - Brooks, L AU - Warren, S AU - Brenner, R AU - Kremer, F AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. hughes.thomas@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1427 EP - 1433 VL - 106 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Coal Tar KW - 8007-45-2 KW - Creosote KW - 8021-39-4 KW - Nitroreductases KW - EC 1.7.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Minnesota KW - Animals KW - Salmonella -- genetics KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Creosote -- toxicity KW - Salmonella -- metabolism KW - Nitroreductases -- genetics KW - Creosote -- chemistry KW - Biological Availability KW - Coal Tar -- toxicity KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Hazardous Waste -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Coal Tar -- chemistry KW - Mutagens -- chemistry KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69171421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+of+bioremediated+soils+from+the+Reilly+Tar+site%2C+St.+Louis+Park%2C+Minnesota.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+T+J%3BClaxton%2C+L+D%3BBrooks%2C+L%3BWarren%2C+S%3BBrenner%2C+R%3BKremer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Carcinogenesis. 1985 Oct;6(10):1463-9 [4042276] Mutat Res. 1985 Jun;156(3):195-8 [3889636] Mutat Res. 1987 Jun;182(3):121-33 [3295534] Mutat Res. 1987 Oct;189(2):83-91 [3309640] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Jul;9(7):1253-8 [3383342] Cancer Res. 1990 Sep 15;50(18):5978-86 [2168287] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1991;17(2):112-21 [2009866] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1991 May;20(4):497-504 [2069423] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1277-85 [1854192] Mutat Res. 1991 Oct;253(2):137-47 [1922140] Mutat Res. 1991 Oct;253(2):149-59 [1922141] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1991 Aug;21(2):233-44 [1958078] Mutat Res. 1992 Feb;265(2):223-36 [1370721] J Air Waste Manage Assoc. 1992 Jan;42(1):96-103 [1575970] J Chromatogr A. 1997 Jul 11;774(1-2):177-92 [9253190] Mutat Res. 1997 Jul 14;391(3):243-58 [9268049] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1435-40 [9860902] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Oct;58(10):3276-82 [1444363] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992 Dec;49(6):787-96 [1450556] Mutat Res. 1993 Jun;291(3):171-80 [7685058] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1993;47:715-38 [8257113] Sci Total Environ. 1993;Suppl Pt 1:185-93 [8108703] Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 1994;138:49-72 [7938784] Mutat Res. 1995 Mar;342(1-2):87-94 [7885397] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jan;61(1):357-62 [7887615] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jul;61(7):2631-5 [7618875] Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 1995 Jul-Sep;54(1-3):277-90 [7486982] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Sep;61(9):3221-6 [7574631] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Jun;103 Suppl 5:79-83 [8565917] Curr Opin Biotechnol. 1996 Jun;7(3):311-6 [8785436] Microbiol Rev. 1996 Jun;60(2):342-65 [8801437] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1996 Jul;57(1):54-62 [8661460] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Sep;62(9):3344-9 [8795224] Acta Microbiol Pol. 1995;44(3-4):297-303 [8934669] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1996 Dec;46(5-6):638-46 [9008894] Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1997 Mar;61(1):47-64 [9106364] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Feb;105 Suppl 1:5-20 [9114274] J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 1997 Feb-Mar;18(2-3):152-60 [9134762] J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 1997 Feb-Mar;18(2-3):189-97 [9134766] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1997 May;71(4):329-43 [9195008] Curr Microbiol. 1997 Sep;35(3):191-3 [9236304] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1979 Apr;62(4):873-92 [372656] Mutat Res. 1981 Feb;85(1):13-27 [7010142] Mutat Res. 1982 Aug;97(4):267-81 [6750390] Mutat Res. 1983 Jan;119(1):21-5 [6337318] Mutat Res. 1983 Apr;114(3):217-67 [6300670] Mutat Res. 1983 May;113(3-4):173-215 [6341825] Mutat Res. 1984 Jun;130(3):153-8 [6328290] Mutat Res. 1987 Mar;187(3):119-25 [3547111] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioassay-directed fractionation and chemical identification of mutagens in bioremediated soils. AN - 69171099; 9860902 AB - Soil from a Superfund site (Reilly Tar Site, St. Louis Park, Minnesota) contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from creosote was treated with several bioremediation technologies including bioslurry (BS), biopile (BP), compost (CMP), and land treatment (LT). These treatment technologies are being evaluated in pilot scale laboratory systems by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Risk Management Research Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio. To evaluate the genotoxicity and identify the mutagens in the soil before and after the various treatments, fractionated extracts of five soils were bioassayed for mutagenic activity with a microsuspension modification of the Salmonella histidine reversion assay. Soils were extracted by sonication using dichloromethane (DCM). The five extracts were fractionated in triplicate (two for bioassay and one for chemical analysis) by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using hexane/DCM/methanol, and the fraction for bioassay were solvent-exchanged into dimethyl sulfoxide by nitrogen evaporation. Forty HPLC fractions for each sample were bioassayed in strain YG1041 with and without exogenous liver metabolic activation. As shown in a companion paper, the mutagenicity of two treatments (BS and BP) was significantly greater than the mutagenicity of the untreated soil. Mutagenic fractions (> 500 revertants) were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). PAH analysis of the soils indicated that all treatments were effective in reducing the total PAH concentration (48-74%). Qualitative GC/MS analysis of the mutagenic fractions from the BS and BP treatments indicated that they contained azaarenes, which are mutagens. The CMP and LT processes were the most effective and least toxic bioremediation procedures based on mutagenic potency and chemical analysis. This research demonstrated that the combination of bioassays and chemical analysis provided a more accurate determination of toxicity in these complex environmental mixtures. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Brooks, L R AU - Hughes, T J AU - Claxton, L D AU - Austern, B AU - Brenner, R AU - Kremer, F AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. brooks.lance@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1435 EP - 1440 VL - 106 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Soil KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Biological Assay KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Hazardous Waste -- analysis KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69171099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Bioassay-directed+fractionation+and+chemical+identification+of+mutagens+in+bioremediated+soils.&rft.au=Brooks%2C+L+R%3BHughes%2C+T+J%3BClaxton%2C+L+D%3BAustern%2C+B%3BBrenner%2C+R%3BKremer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mutat Res. 1983 Apr;114(3):217-67 [6300670] Mutat Res. 1983 May;113(3-4):173-215 [6341825] Mutat Res. 1986 Oct;172(1):11-7 [3762566] Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1989;9(5):287-95 [2575290] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1990 Mar-Apr;19(2):175-84 [2322018] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1427-33 [9860901] Mutat Res. 1992 Feb;265(2):223-36 [1370721] Mutat Res. 1993 Jun;291(3):171-80 [7685058] Mutat Res. 1993 Aug;300(3-4):207-13 [7687020] Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 1994;138:49-72 [7938784] J Chromatogr A. 1997 Jul 11;774(1-2):177-92 [9253190] Mutagenesis. 1990 Sep;5(5):481-9 [2263205] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting blood lead concentrations from lead in environmental media. AN - 69170611; 9860907 AB - Policy statements providing health and environmental criteria for blood lead (PbB) often give recommendations on an acceptable distribution of PbB concentrations. Such statements may recommend distributions of PbB concentrations including an upper range (e.g., maximum and/or 90th percentile values) and central tendency (e.g., mean and/or 50th percentile) of the PbB distribution. Two major, and fundamentally dissimilar, methods to predict the distribution of PbB are currently in use: statistical analyses of epidemiologic data, and application of biokinetic models to environmental lead measurements to predict PbB. Although biokinetic models may include a parameter to predict contribution of lead from bone (PbBone), contemporary data based on chemical analyses of pediatric bone samples are rare. Dramatic decreases in environmental lead exposures over the past 15 years make questionable use of earlier data on PbBone concentrations to estimate a contribution of lead from bone; often used by physiologic modelers to predict PbB. X-ray fluorescent techniques estimating PbBone typically have an instrument-based quantitation limit that is too high for use with many young children. While these quantitation limits have improved during the late 1990s, PbBone estimates using an epidemiologic approach to describing these limits for general populations of children may generate values lower than the instrument's quantitation limit. Additional problems that occur if predicting PbB from environmental lead by biokinetic modeling include a) uncertainty regarding the fractional lead absorption by young children; b) questions of bioavailability of specific environmental sources of lead; and c) variability in fractional absorption values over a range of exposures. Additional sources of variability in lead exposures that affect predictions of PbB from models include differences in the prevalence of such child behaviors as intensity of hand-to-mouth activity and pica. In contrast with these sources of uncertainty and variability affecting physiologic modeling of PbB distributions, epidemiologic data reporting PbB values obtained by chemical analyses of blood samples avoid these problems but raise other issues about the validity of the representation of the subsample for the overall population of concern. State and local health department screening programs and/or medical evaluation of individual children provide PbB data that contribute to databases describing the impact of environmental sources on PbB. Overall, application of epidemiologic models involves fewer uncertainties and more readily reflects variability in PbB than does current state-of-the-art biokinetic modeling. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Mahaffey, K R AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA. mahaffey.kate@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1485 EP - 1493 VL - 106 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Models, Biological KW - Risk Assessment KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69170611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Predicting+blood+lead+concentrations+from+lead+in+environmental+media.&rft.au=Mahaffey%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Mahaffey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date created - 1999-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 1974 May;7:99-102 [4133903] Am J Dis Child. 1966 Aug;112(2):116-23 [5221971] J Clin Invest. 1976 Aug;58(2):260-70 [783195] Pediatr Res. 1978 Jan;12(1):29-34 [643372] Int J Psychiatry Med. 1977-1978;8(1):13-24 [649261] Am J Clin Nutr. 1980 Aug;33(8):1784-8 [7405881] Br J Ind Med. 1981 Feb;38(1):61-71 [7193476] Br J Ind Med. 1981 Aug;38(3):209-17 [6791682] N Engl J Med. 1982 Sep 2;307(10):573-9 [7110203] Hum Toxicol. 1982 Oct;1(4):411-5 [7173926] Sci Total Environ. 1983 Sep;30:245-53 [6648511] Health Phys. 1984 Dec;47(6):857-65 [6511428] Br J Ind Med. 1985 Mar;42(3):168-72 [3970881] Am J Public Health. 1985 Apr;75(4):403-4 [3976969] Hum Toxicol. 1985 Jul;4(4):401-7 [4018820] Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol. 1986 Mar-Apr;8(2):151-61 [2423895] Pediatrics. 1986 Aug;78(2):257-62 [3488536] Sci Total Environ. 1987 Jul;64(3):303-15 [3602995] Sci Total Environ. 1988 Jan;68:61-9 [3363324] Am J Dis Child. 1974 Feb;127(2):167-70 [4810272] Q J Med. 1974 Jan;43(169):89-111 [4822973] Arch Environ Health. 1988 Nov-Dec;43(6):381-91 [3196073] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Jan;118(1):16-29 [8430422] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101(7):598-616 [8143593] Med Clin (Barc). 1994 Feb 19;102(6):201-4 [8159052] JAMA. 1994 Jul 27;272(4):277-83 [8028140] JAMA. 1994 Jul 27;272(4):284-91 [8028141] J Lab Clin Med. 1995 Jun;125(6):703-12 [7769364] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1995 Aug;21(4):296-300 [8553006] J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1995;33(6):657-62 [8523488] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Sep;103 Suppl 6:191-6 [8549473] Food Addit Contam. 1996 Jan;13(1):53-60 [8647307] Ann Epidemiol. 1996 Jan;6(1):30-3 [8680621] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Jan;104(1):60-6 [8834863] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Oct;104(10):1070-4 [8930548] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Apr;36(2):177-87 [9143487] J Lab Clin Med. 1997 Jul;130(1):51-62 [9242366] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Dec;105(12):1334-42 [9405326] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Aug;106 Suppl 4:961-7 [9703479] Environ Res. 1998 Aug;78(2):140-51 [9719618] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Oct;106(10):667-74 [9755144] J R Inst Public Health. 1961 Jun;24:129-43 [13752198] J R Inst Public Health. 1961 Apr;24:81-97 [13752200] Br J Ind Med. 1975 May;32(2):119-39 [1131339] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repeated exposure of adult rats to Aroclor 1254 causes brain region-specific changes in intracellular Ca2+ buffering and protein kinase C activity in the absence of changes in tyrosine hydroxylase. AN - 69124602; 9878590 AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, some of which may be neurotoxic. In vitro studies from this laboratory indicated that noncoplanar PCBs perturbed intracellular signal transduction mechanisms including Ca2+ homeostasis, receptor-mediated inositol phosphate production, and translocation of protein kinase C (PKC). In the present study, we examined the effects of PCBs in vivo by dosing adult male Long-Evans rats orally with Aroclor 1254 (0, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day; 5 days/week for 4 weeks) in corn oil. At 24 h after the last dose, rats were tested for motor activity in a photocell device for 30 min. Immediately, the rats were euthanized, blood was collected for thyroid hormone analysis, and brains were removed, dissected into regions (cerebellum, frontal cortex, and striatum), and subcellular fractions were obtained for neurochemical analysis. Following Aroclor 1254 treatment, body weight gain in the high-dose group was significantly lower than the control and low-dose groups. Horizontal motor activity was significantly lower in rats dosed with 30 mg/kg Aroclor 1254. Ca2+ buffering by microsomes was significantly lower in all three brain regions from the 30 mg/kg group. In the same dose group, mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering was affected in cerebellum but not in cortex or striatum. Similarly, total cerebellar PKC activity was decreased significantly while membrane-bound PKC activity was significantly elevated at 10 and 30 mg/kg. PKC activity was not altered either in cortex or the striatum. Neurotransmitter levels in striatum or cortex were slightly altered in PCB-exposed rats compared to controls. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of Aroclor 1254 to rats did not significantly alter forebrain tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity or enzymatic activity. Circulating T4 (total and free) concentrations were severely depressed at both doses in Aroclor 1254-exposed rats compared to control rats, suggesting a severe hypothyroid state. These results indicate that (1) in vivo exposure to a PCB mixture can produce changes in second messenger systems that are similar to those observed after in vitro exposure of neuronal cell cultures; (2) second messenger systems seem to be more sensitive than alterations in neurotransmitter levels or tyrosine hydroxylase involved in dopamine synthesis during repeated exposure to PCBs; and (3) the observed motor activity changes were independent of changes in striatal dopamine levels. Copyright 1998 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Kodavanti, P R AU - Derr-Yellin, E C AU - Mundy, W R AU - Shafer, T J AU - Herr, D W AU - Barone, S AU - Choksi, N Y AU - MacPhail, R C AU - Tilson, H A AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 186 EP - 198 VL - 153 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Antithyroid Agents KW - 0 KW - Buffers KW - Neurotransmitter Agents KW - Thyroid Hormones KW - Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) KW - 11097-69-1 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.16.2 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Visual Cortex -- metabolism KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Cerebral Cortex -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Thyroid Hormones -- metabolism KW - Cerebellum -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Microsomes -- metabolism KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- analysis KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mitochondria -- metabolism KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Antithyroid Agents -- toxicity KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) -- toxicity KW - Brain -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69124602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Repeated+exposure+of+adult+rats+to+Aroclor+1254+causes+brain+region-specific+changes+in+intracellular+Ca2%2B+buffering+and+protein+kinase+C+activity+in+the+absence+of+changes+in+tyrosine+hydroxylase.&rft.au=Kodavanti%2C+P+R%3BDerr-Yellin%2C+E+C%3BMundy%2C+W+R%3BShafer%2C+T+J%3BHerr%2C+D+W%3BBarone%2C+S%3BChoksi%2C+N+Y%3BMacPhail%2C+R+C%3BTilson%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Kodavanti&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-11 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation of racemic and enantiomeric trans-8, 9-dihydroxy-8,9-dihydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (dibenzo[def,p]chrysene) to dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-bis-dihydrodiols by induced rat liver microsomes and a recombinant human P450 1A1 system: the role of the K-region-derived metabolic intermediates in the formation of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-DNA adducts. AN - 69094606; 9860506 AB - Metabolic activation studies of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) (dibenzo[def,p]chrysene), an extremely potent environmental carcinogen, have been focused on metabolism at the fjord region, a region associated with high mutagenic and carcinogenic activities of the corresponding fjord-region DB[a,l]P-11,12-diol-13,14-epoxides. DB[a,l]P is metabolized by beta-naphthoflavone (BNF)- and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver microsomes and a recombinant human P450 1A1 system to two major dihydrodiols, the K-region dihydrodiol, DB[a,l]P-8,9-dihydrodiol (DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol), and the fjord-region dihydrodiol, DB[a,l]P-11,12-dihydrodiol. We have investigated the further metabolic activation of DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol by BNF-induced rat liver microsomes and a recombinant human P450 1A1 system with epoxide hydrolase to DB[a,l]P-bis-diols and to DNA adducts. (+/-)-trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol was synthesized and resolved into its enantiomers. Racemic trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol was metabolized by BNF-induced rat liver microsomes to six metabolites: two diastereomers of trans,trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9:11,12-bis-diol, two diastereomers of trans,cis-DB[a,l]P-8,9:11,12-bis-diol, and two diastereomers of trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9:13,14-bis-diol as characterized by NMR, MS, and UV spectroscopy. Metabolic studies using both enantiomeric (-)- and (+)-trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol further demonstrated that each diastereomer of trans,trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9:11, 12-bis-diol and trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9:13,14-bis-diol was comprised of two enantiomers. Similarly, incubations of enantiomeric or racemic trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol with a recombinant human P450 1A1 system and epoxide hydrolase also gave the same two enantiomeric mixtures of diastereomers of trans,trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9:11,12-bis-diol and the same two enantiomeric mixtures of diastereomers of trans-DB[a,l]P-8, 9:13,14-bis-diol. This suggested that the microsomal oxidations of (-)- and (+)-trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol were stereospecific. The stereospecific formation of enantiomers of trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol from DB[a,l]P was examined using both BNF-induced rat liver microsomes and a recombinant human P450 1A1 system with epoxide hydrolase. Stereospecificity was observed as both metabolic systems favored the formation of (-)-trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol by 8-9-fold. DNA adduct studies were undertaken using TLC/HPLC 32P-postlabeling techniques. In the presence of a recombinant human P450 1A1 system with epoxide hydrolase, DB[a,l]P gave two groups of calf thymus DNA adducts. The group of later-eluting adducts were identified as arising from syn- and anti-DB[a,l]P-11,12-diol-13,14-epoxides, while the more polar early-eluting adducts were derived, in part, from the further activation of trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol. Our data indicate that, in P450 1A1-mediated microsomal incubations, DB[a,l]P is metabolized to trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol which is further metabolized to DB[a,l]P-bis-diols. trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol is metabolically activated to intermediates that can bind to DNA and give DNA adducts similar to those observed with DB[a,l]P. These results indicate that DB[a,l]P can be metabolically activated by both fjord-region and K-region pathways. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Nesnow, S AU - Davis, C AU - Padgett, W AU - George, M AU - Lambert, G AU - Meyers, F AU - Allison, J AU - Adams, L AU - King, L C AD - Biochemistry and Pathobiology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-68, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1596 EP - 1607 VL - 11 IS - 12 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Benzopyrenes KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - Dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - dibenzo(a,l)pyrene KW - G3X629VE4A KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Cattle KW - Models, Molecular KW - Biotransformation KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Circular Dichroism KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Benzopyrenes -- chemistry KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- chemistry KW - Benzopyrenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69094606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+of+racemic+and+enantiomeric+trans-8%2C+9-dihydroxy-8%2C9-dihydrodibenzo%5Ba%2Cl%5Dpyrene+%28dibenzo%5Bdef%2Cp%5Dchrysene%29+to+dibenzo%5Ba%2Cl%5Dpyrene-bis-dihydrodiols+by+induced+rat+liver+microsomes+and+a+recombinant+human+P450+1A1+system%3A+the+role+of+the+K-region-derived+metabolic+intermediates+in+the+formation+of+dibenzo%5Ba%2Cl%5Dpyrene-DNA+adducts.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+C%3BPadgett%2C+W%3BGeorge%2C+M%3BLambert%2C+G%3BMeyers%2C+F%3BAllison%2C+J%3BAdams%2C+L%3BKing%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1596&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-23 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of metal mining and milling on boundary waters of Yellowstone National Park, USA AN - 52484513; 1999-036215 JF - Environmental Management (New York) AU - Nimmo, Del Wayne R AU - Wilcox, Mary J AU - Lafrancois, Toben D AU - Chapman, Phillip L AU - Brinkman, Stephen F AU - Greene, Joseph C Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 913 EP - 926 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - United States KW - mining KW - stream sediments KW - rivers and streams KW - bioavailability KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - toxicity KW - Yellowstone National Park KW - sediments KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - hydrology KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - Lamar River KW - Montana KW - Soda Butte Creek KW - Park County Montana KW - metal ores KW - Cooke City Montana KW - water resources KW - fluvial environment KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52484513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management+%28New+York%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+metal+mining+and+milling+on+boundary+waters+of+Yellowstone+National+Park%2C+USA&rft.au=Nimmo%2C+Del+Wayne+R%3BWilcox%2C+Mary+J%3BLafrancois%2C+Toben+D%3BChapman%2C+Phillip+L%3BBrinkman%2C+Stephen+F%3BGreene%2C+Joseph+C&rft.aulast=Nimmo&rft.aufirst=Del+Wayne&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management+%28New+York%29&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ENMGDE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioavailability; concentration; Cooke City Montana; environmental analysis; environmental effects; fluvial environment; geochemistry; hydrochemistry; hydrology; Lamar River; metal ores; mining; Montana; Park County Montana; pH; pollutants; pollution; rivers and streams; sediments; Soda Butte Creek; stream sediments; surface water; toxicity; United States; water resources; Yellowstone National Park ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Think before you sample data! AN - 52456985; 1999-052423 JF - GIS World AU - Bourgeois, P E AU - Sclafani, V J AU - Summers, J K AU - Robb, S C AU - Vairin, B A Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 51 EP - 53 PB - Adams Business Media, Arlington Heights, IL VL - 11 IS - 12 SN - 0897-5507, 0897-5507 KW - United States KW - programs KW - canals KW - monitoring KW - statistical analysis KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - mapping KW - Florida KW - environmental analysis KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - ground water KW - natural resources KW - wetlands KW - sampling KW - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program KW - Southwest Florida Water Management District KW - streams KW - probability KW - ecology KW - North Atlantic KW - water resources KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52456985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GIS+World&rft.atitle=Think+before+you+sample+data%21&rft.au=Bourgeois%2C+P+E%3BSclafani%2C+V+J%3BSummers%2C+J+K%3BRobb%2C+S+C%3BVairin%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Bourgeois&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=GIS+World&rft.issn=08975507&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; canals; ecology; environmental analysis; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program; Florida; government agencies; ground water; Gulf of Mexico; mapping; monitoring; natural resources; North Atlantic; probability; programs; sampling; Southwest Florida Water Management District; statistical analysis; streams; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; water resources; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 6th annual Immunochemistry summit meeting AN - 51932604; 2003-072639 JF - Analytica Chimica Acta A2 - Van Emon, Jeanette M. A2 - Gerlach, Claire L. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 1 EP - 143 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York VL - 376 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - symposia KW - immunoassays KW - current research KW - waste disposal KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51932604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=6th+annual+Immunochemistry+summit+meeting&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=376&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00032670 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 6th annual Immunochemistry summit meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. tables N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers within scope are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ACACAM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - current research; immunoassays; symposia; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A high-throughput ELISA system for surface water and groundwater analysis AN - 51932532; 2003-072643 JF - Analytica Chimica Acta AU - Thacker, J D AU - Casale, Ellen S A2 - Van Emon, Jeanette M. A2 - Gerlach, Claire L. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 61 EP - 65 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York VL - 376 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - concentration KW - mitigation KW - surface water KW - immunoassays KW - pollution KW - ELISA KW - hydrochemistry KW - geochemistry KW - accuracy KW - ground water KW - evaluation KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51932532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=A+high-throughput+ELISA+system+for+surface+water+and+groundwater+analysis&rft.au=Thacker%2C+J+D%3BCasale%2C+Ellen+S&rft.aulast=Thacker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=376&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fs0003-2670%2898%2900448-6 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00032670 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 6th annual Immunochemistry summit meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ACACAM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; concentration; ELISA; evaluation; geochemistry; ground water; hydrochemistry; immunoassays; mitigation; pollution; surface water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00448-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New trends in environmental trace-analysis of organic pollutants; class-selective immunoextraction and clean-up in one step using immunosorbents AN - 51930545; 2003-072642 JF - Analytica Chimica Acta AU - Pichon, Valerie AU - Bouzige, Marianne AU - Hennion, Marie-Claire A2 - Van Emon, Jeanette M. A2 - Gerlach, Claire L. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 21 EP - 35 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York VL - 376 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - soils KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - drinking water KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - organic compounds KW - mitigation KW - immunoassays KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - pesticides KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51930545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=New+trends+in+environmental+trace-analysis+of+organic+pollutants%3B+class-selective+immunoextraction+and+clean-up+in+one+step+using+immunosorbents&rft.au=Pichon%2C+Valerie%3BBouzige%2C+Marianne%3BHennion%2C+Marie-Claire&rft.aulast=Pichon&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=376&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fs0003-2670%2898%2900435-8 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00032670 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 6th annual Immunochemistry summit meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ACACAM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; drinking water; ground water; hydrocarbons; immunoassays; mitigation; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; remediation; soils; surface water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00435-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunoassays for metal ions AN - 51929742; 2003-072641 JF - Analytica Chimica Acta AU - Blake, Diane A AU - Blake, Robert C, II AU - Khosraviani, Mehraban AU - Pavlov, Andrey R A2 - Van Emon, Jeanette M. A2 - Gerlach, Claire L. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 13 EP - 19 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York VL - 376 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - soils KW - pollutants KW - immunoassays KW - pollution KW - instruments KW - heavy metals KW - ground water KW - evaluation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51929742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Immunoassays+for+metal+ions&rft.au=Blake%2C+Diane+A%3BBlake%2C+Robert+C%2C+II%3BKhosraviani%2C+Mehraban%3BPavlov%2C+Andrey+R&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=376&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fs0003-2670%2898%2900437-1 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00032670 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 6th annual Immunochemistry summit meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ACACAM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - evaluation; ground water; heavy metals; immunoassays; instruments; pollutants; pollution; soils DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00437-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A strategy to validate immunoassay test kits for TNT and PAHs as a field screening method for contaminated sites in Germany AN - 51929259; 2003-072640 JF - Analytica Chimica Acta AU - Kraemer, Petra M A2 - Van Emon, Jeanette M. A2 - Gerlach, Claire L. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 3 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York VL - 376 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - soils KW - pollutants KW - waste disposal sites KW - pollution KW - trinitrotoluene KW - Europe KW - evaluation KW - organic compounds KW - explosives KW - Central Europe KW - immunoassays KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - waste disposal KW - Germany KW - instruments KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51929259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=A+strategy+to+validate+immunoassay+test+kits+for+TNT+and+PAHs+as+a+field+screening+method+for+contaminated+sites+in+Germany&rft.au=Kraemer%2C+Petra+M&rft.aulast=Kraemer&rft.aufirst=Petra&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=376&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fs0003-2670%2898%2900446-2 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00032670 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 6th annual Immunochemistry summit meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ACACAM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; Central Europe; Europe; evaluation; explosives; field studies; Germany; hydrocarbons; immunoassays; instruments; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; soils; trinitrotoluene; waste disposal; waste disposal sites DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00446-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geophysical characterization, redox zonation, and contaminant distribution at a groundwater/surface water interface AN - 50163457; 1999-024509 AB - Three transects along a groundwater/surface water interface were characterized for spatial distributions of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and geochemical conditions to evaluate the natural bioremediation potential of this environmental system. Partly on the basis of ground penetrating radar measurements, a conductive sediment layer was detected from the shore out to at least 300 m offshore which exhibited gradients in redox pairs and contaminant profiles. The cis-Dichloroethene and 1-chloroethene were predominant in the presence of elevated methane and ferrous iron concentrations and depressed sulfate and aquifer solids-bound iron concentrations. The shallow monitoring points were generally hypoxic to aerobic and exhibited values of specific conductance reflective of near-shore lake water, indicating reoxygenation of the contaminant plume due to wave infiltration. The barge transect yielded trace contaminant concentrations and showed evidence of sulfate reduction. These analyses contributed to the understanding of processes affecting contaminant fate and transport at near-shore mixing zones. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Lendvay, J M AU - Sauck, W A AU - McCormick, M L AU - Barcelona, M J AU - Kampbell, D H AU - Wilson, J T AU - Adriaens, P Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - December 1998 SP - 3545 EP - 3559 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 34 IS - 12 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - offshore KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - Saint Joseph County Michigan KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - spatial distribution KW - Lake Michigan KW - tracers KW - Great Lakes KW - Eh KW - Michigan Lower Peninsula KW - North America KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - geophysical methods KW - pollution KW - distribution KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - industrial waste KW - hydrocarbons KW - Michigan KW - waste disposal KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50163457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Geophysical+characterization%2C+redox+zonation%2C+and+contaminant+distribution+at+a+groundwater%2Fsurface+water+interface&rft.au=Lendvay%2C+J+M%3BSauck%2C+W+A%3BMcCormick%2C+M+L%3BBarcelona%2C+M+J%3BKampbell%2C+D+H%3BWilson%2C+J+T%3BAdriaens%2C+P&rft.aulast=Lendvay&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F98WR01736 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 81 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; aquifers; distribution; Eh; environmental analysis; geophysical methods; Great Lakes; ground water; hydrocarbons; industrial waste; Lake Michigan; Michigan; Michigan Lower Peninsula; North America; offshore; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; Saint Joseph County Michigan; spatial distribution; surface water; tracers; United States; waste disposal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98WR01736 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children: independent validation and verification. AN - 21263027; 11702187 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency employs a model, the integrated exposure biokinetic (IEUBK) model for lead in children, for the assessment of risks to children posed by environmental lead at hazardous waste sites. This paper describes results of an effort to verify the consistency of the documentation with the computer model and to test the computer code using a group that is independent from those involved in the model development. This review concluded that the IEUBK model correctly calculates the equations specified in the IEUBK model theory documentation. However, several issues were identified on model documentation, model performance, and the C++ programming language code (i.e., IEUBK model source code) documentation. These issues affect the ability of an independent reviewer to understand the workings of the IEUBK model but not the model's reliability. As a result of these findings, recommendations have been provided for updating documentation to the model as well as associated adjustments to the model documentation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Zaragoza, L AU - Hogan, K AD - Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA., larry.zaragoza@epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 1551 EP - 1556 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - EPA KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - computer models KW - Children KW - Lead KW - Hazardous wastes KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21263027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+integrated+exposure+uptake+biokinetic+model+for+lead+in+children%3A+independent+validation+and+verification.&rft.au=Zaragoza%2C+L%3BHogan%2C+K&rft.aulast=Zaragoza&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=1551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; Reviews; computer models; Children; Hazardous wastes; Lead; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Congener-Specific Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Brain Regions, Blood, Liver, and Fat of Adult Rats Following Repeated Exposure to Aroclor 1254 AN - 17569577; 4461290 AB - Our previous in vitro studies with both isolated organelles and primary neuronal cell cultures found that intracellular signal transduction can be perturbed by some noncoplanar PCBs at exposure levels of less than or equal to 10 mu M. However, it is not clear whether such concentrations are achievable in brain in vivo. Also, the pattern of congener disposition and quantities of the PCB accumulation in tissues of animals exposed to commercial PCB mixtures is not well studied. In the present study, we have conducted PCB congener-specific analysis in different brain regions, liver, blood, and fat of adult male Long-Evans rats dosed orally with Aroclor 1254 (0 or 30 mg/kg/day; once per day, 5 days /week for 4 weeks) in corn oil. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, rats were euthanized, and the brains were removed and dissected to obtain cerebellum, frontal cortex, and striatum. Liver, blood, and fat samples were also collected at the same time. Congener-specific analysis of PCBs was performed by high-resolution gas chromatography with electron capture detection. While PCB concentrations in control rat brain regions were less than 0.02 ppm, total PCB congeners in treated animals accumulated to much higher levels. Total levels in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, and striatum were 15.1 plus or minus 0.3, 13.1 plus or minus 1.7, and 8.2 plus or minus 2.6 ppm, respectively. The levels of PCBs in the fat, liver, and blood were 0.041, 0.002, and 0.001 ppm in control rats and 552, 38.3, and 1.6 ppm in treated rats, respectively. In addition to the differential total uptake between tissues, there was differential accumulation of PCBs with respect to the number of chlorines. In all the tissues, the more lightly chlorinated (tetra- and penta-) congeners accumulated less than their respective proportions in the parent Aroclor 1254 mixture. On the other hand, heavily chlorinated (hexa- to nona-) congeners accumulated more than the proportion of these congeners found in Aroclor 1254 mixture. This shift toward accumulation of heavily chlorinated congeners seems to be more pronounced in the brain than liver and fat. Predominant congeners (5-32% of total PCBs) detected in different brain regions, blood, liver, and fat are: 2,3,3',4',5,6- (no. 163) + 2,2',3,4,4',5- (no. 138) (coeluted); 2,2',4,4',5,5'- (no. 153) + 2,2',3,3',4,6'- (no. 132) (coeluted); 2,3,3',4,4',5- (no. 156) + 2,2',3,3',4,4',6- (no. 171) (coeluted); 2,3',4,4',5- (no. 118); 2,2',4,4',5-(no. 99); and 2,3,3',4,4'- (no. 105). These congeners together accounted for about two thirds of the total PCB load in brain. All these predominant congeners are ortho-substituted and therefore are noncoplanar in nature. The total PCB concentrations accumulated in brain were as high as 50 mu M (based on average molecular weight of 326.4 for Aroclor 1254) and, at these concentrations, intracellular second messengers were significantly affected in neuronal cultures and brain homogenate preparations in vitro. These results indicate that concentrations that altered Ca super(2+) disposition and second messenger systems in vitro are achievable in brain in vivo following repeated exposure. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Kodavanti, PR AU - Ward, T R AU - Derr-Yellin, E C AU - Mundy, W R AU - Casey, A C AU - Bush, B AU - Tilson, HA AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 27711, North Carolina Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 199 EP - 210 PB - Academic Press VL - 153 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - rats KW - distribution KW - aroclor 154 KW - tats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Calcium KW - Brain KW - Blood levels KW - Blood KW - Aroclor KW - Second messengers KW - Liver KW - Congeners KW - PCB KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17569577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Congener-Specific+Distribution+of+Polychlorinated+Biphenyls+in+Brain+Regions%2C+Blood%2C+Liver%2C+and+Fat+of+Adult+Rats+Following+Repeated+Exposure+to+Aroclor+1254&rft.au=Kodavanti%2C+PR%3BWard%2C+T+R%3BDerr-Yellin%2C+E+C%3BMundy%2C+W+R%3BCasey%2C+A+C%3BBush%2C+B%3BTilson%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Kodavanti&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.1998.8534 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PCB; Aroclor; Calcium; Brain; Second messengers; Blood; Liver; Blood levels; Congeners DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1998.8534 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of microbial contaminants and disinfection by-products for drinking water in the US: cost and performance AN - 17249449; 4532772 AB - The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) is in the process of developing a sophisticated regulatory strategy in an attempt to balance the risks associated with disinfectants and disinfection by-products (D/DBP) in drinking water. A major aspect of this strategy is the appropriate application of disinfectants and other treatment technologies to minimise the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). This paper explores the cost and performance associated with these technological choices. It is clear that the least expensive choice for controlling chlorinated by-products would be to utilise an alternative disinfectant. However, precursor removal by enhanced coagulation and/or the application of granular activated carbon and membrane technology are very effective in controlling DBPs. The removal of precursors can have the effect of simultaneously controlling both chemical and microbiological risks. JF - Aqua - Journal of Water Services Research and Technology AU - Clark, R M AU - Adams, J Q AU - Sethi, V AU - Sivaganesan, M AD - Water Supply and Water Resources Division, NRMRL, US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin L. King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 255 EP - 265 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0003-7214, 0003-7214 KW - USA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Disinfection KW - Performance evaluation KW - Byproducts KW - Microbial contamination KW - Costs KW - Water quality control KW - Risk KW - Water treatment KW - Economics KW - Microorganisms KW - Drinking water KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17249449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aqua+-+Journal+of+Water+Services+Research+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Control+of+microbial+contaminants+and+disinfection+by-products+for+drinking+water+in+the+US%3A+cost+and+performance&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BAdams%2C+J+Q%3BSethi%2C+V%3BSivaganesan%2C+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aqua+-+Journal+of+Water+Services+Research+and+Technology&rft.issn=00037214&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Disinfection; Water treatment; Byproducts; Economics; Microorganisms; Microbial contamination; Drinking water; Costs; Risk; Performance evaluation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age- and Gender-Related Differences in Sensitivity to Chlorpyrifos in the Rat Reflect Developmental Profiles of Esterase Activities AN - 17238406; 4510742 AB - Young rats are more sensitive than adults to a single oral dose of chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus pesticide. A direct comparison of chlorpyrifos effects in young (postnatal day 17; PND17), adolescent (PND27), and adult (70 days) Long-Evans rats was conducted to determine quantitative and possibly qualitative differences in sensitivity in terms of behavioral changes and cholinesterase (ChE; total cholinesterase activity) inhibition at these three ages. Male and female rats were administered chlorpyrifos orally at one of two doses (PND17, 5 or 20 mg/kg; PND27, 20 or 50 mg/kg; adult, 20 or 80 mg/kg) and tested at either 3.5 or 6.5 h after dosing. Behavioral testing included observational evaluations and measurements of motor activity and was followed immediately by tissue collection for ChE determination in brain and blood. For both behavioral changes and ChE inhibition, peak effects occurred at 3.5 h in adult male and PND27 rats (both sexes) and at 6.5 h in adult female and PND17 rats (both sexes). Comparisons of the 20 mg/kg dose across ages showed generally less ChE inhibition and fewer behavioral effects with increasing age, except that the adult females were similar to the PND27 rats. The high dose used for each age group produced similar brain ChE inhibition (80-90%) and generally similar behavioral effects. Interestingly, a few endpoints in the young rats were less affected than in adults at this level of ChE inhibition. The degree of ChE inhibition in the brain more closely paralleled the blood inhibition in the younger rats, compared to the adults. Carboxylesterase (CaE) and A-esterase are known to play an important role in the detoxification of organophosphates and may be partially responsible for these sensitivity differences. Liver and plasma CaE and A-esterase activities were measured in untreated male rats on PND1, 4, 7, 12, 17, and 21 and in adults of both sexes (82-92 days old). Preweanling rats had considerably less activity of both enzymes, and adult females had less liver CaE activity than males. These differences in detoxifying enzymes correlate with the age-related differences in behavioral and biochemical effects, as well as the gender differences seen in adult rats, and thus may be a major influence on the differential sensitivity to chlorpyrifos. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Moser, V C AU - Chanda, S M AU - Mortensen AU - Padilla, S AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 211 EP - 222 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Age KW - Behavior KW - Cholinesterase KW - Sex differences KW - X 24135:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17238406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Age-+and+Gender-Related+Differences+in+Sensitivity+to+Chlorpyrifos+in+the+Rat+Reflect+Developmental+Profiles+of+Esterase+Activities&rft.au=Moser%2C+V+C%3BChanda%2C+S+M%3BMortensen%3BPadilla%2C+S&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sex differences; Age; Pesticides (organophosphorus); Chlorpyrifos; Behavior; Cholinesterase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of ozone on susceptibility to respiratory viral infection and virus-induced cytokine secretion AN - 17229667; 4511175 AB - Airway epithelium is the primary target tissue for respiratory viruses as well as an important target of ozone (O sub(3)) toxicity. A change in the severity of viral airway infection may result from changes in epithelial cell susceptibility to infection, metabolic interference with viral replication, or altered production of immune regulatory molecules by the infected cells as a result of exposure to O sub(3). In this study we have investigated whether O sub(3) exposure alters the susceptibility of human airway epithelial cells to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, the production of infectious virus, and/or release of virus-induced cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. The epithelial cell line BEAS-2B grown on collagen-impregnated filters was exposed to O sub(3) (0.5 ppm for 60 min) or filtered air immediately before or 24 h after infection with RSV. Cells exposed to O sub(3) before RSV infection released 44% less virus over 4 days of infection while O sub(3) exposure post RSV infection had no effect on virus production. O sub(3) exposure preceding RSV infection showed short term additive effects of these treatments on epithelial cell IL-6 and IL-8 production, a decrease in cytokines at 48 h, but did not affect long term cytokine production by RSV-infected cells. Furthermore, O sub(3) exposure did not affect long term cytokine production by cells with an established RSV infection at the time of exposure. These data suggest that O sub(3) does not adversely affect viral airway infection, at least not on the level of the host cell for viral replication. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Becker, S AU - Soukup, J M AU - Reed, W AU - Carson, J AU - Devlin, R B AU - Noah, T L AD - EPA Human Studies Facility, 104 Mason Farm Road, CB # 7315, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 257 EP - 265 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - immune response KW - susceptibility KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Interleukin 8 KW - Epithelium KW - Ozone KW - Respiratory tract KW - Human respiratory syncytial virus KW - Immune response KW - Pollution effects KW - Cytokines KW - Toxicity KW - Air pollution KW - V 22099:Immune response & immune mechanisms KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17229667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ozone+on+susceptibility+to+respiratory+viral+infection+and+virus-induced+cytokine+secretion&rft.au=Becker%2C+S%3BSoukup%2C+J+M%3BReed%2C+W%3BCarson%2C+J%3BDevlin%2C+R+B%3BNoah%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human respiratory syncytial virus; Pollution effects; Immune response; Air pollution; Respiratory tract; Toxicity; Ozone; Cytokines; Interleukin 6; Epithelium; Interleukin 8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nondestructive indicator of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in embryonic fish AN - 17216162; 4498953 AB - Many environmental contaminants of concern produce aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated effects often assessed as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity. We modified a standardized embryonic and larval fish bioassay using an estuarine fish species (Fundulus heteroclitus) to include measurement of fluorescence in the urinary bladders of living embryos as a nondestructive indicator of EROD activity. This fluorescence was observed only in embryos exposed to the EROD substrate and Ah receptor agonists and was consistent in fluorescence characteristics with the EROD product, resorufin. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-agonist exposures at sublethal concentrations in the parts per billion range, produced significant increases in EROD fluorescence in embryos as young as 3 d postfertilization. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that this fluorescence method is a specific and sensitive nondestructive indicator of Ah receptor-mediated effects in an embryonic fish. As such, this simple method may be useful for assessing effects of environmental contaminants on the early development of fishes and to link molecular indicators with organism-level responses. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Nacci, D AU - Coiro, L AU - Kuhn, A AU - Champlin, D AU - Munns, W Jr AU - Specker, J AU - Cooper, K AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, nacci.dianepamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 2481 EP - 2486 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase KW - Fundulus heteroclitus KW - Mummichog KW - enzymatic activity KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Embryonic growth stage KW - Indicators KW - Bioassay KW - Embryos KW - Pollution indicators KW - Fluorescence KW - Brackish KW - Larval growth stage KW - Bioassays KW - Biochemistry KW - Pollution effects KW - Fish larvae KW - Pisces KW - Killifish KW - Enzymes KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Sublethal effects KW - Indicator species KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17216162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Nondestructive+indicator+of+ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase+activity+in+embryonic+fish&rft.au=Nacci%2C+D%3BCoiro%2C+L%3BKuhn%2C+A%3BChamplin%2C+D%3BMunns%2C+W+Jr%3BSpecker%2C+J%3BCooper%2C+K&rft.aulast=Nacci&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluorescence; Biochemistry; Indicators; Pollution effects; Enzymes; Water pollution effects; Toxicity; Fish larvae; Bioassays; Sublethal effects; Embryos; Pollution indicators; Indicator species; Killifish; Embryonic growth stage; Larval growth stage; Bioassay; Pisces; Fundulus heteroclitus; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ultraviolet light and methoprene on survival and development of Rana pipiens AN - 17216083; 4498961 AB - Recently a suite of relatively specific hindlimb deformities have been observed in several anuran species in North America. These deformities include ectopic and supernumerary limbs and missing limbs, limb segments, or digits. The objective of this study was to assess two stressors hypothesized as responsible for limb malformations in amphibians: methoprene, an insect growth regulator that, through interaction with the retinoic acid signaling system, could possibly cause limb deformities, and ultraviolet (UV) light. Northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) were exposed to several different concentrations of methoprene both in the absence and presence of UV light designed to mimic the UV wavelength spectrum present in sunlight. Exposures were initiated at early embryonic stages (newly fertilized eggs) and continued through emergence of the forelimbs of the frogs. At the highest methoprene concentration tested, both in the absence and presence of UV light, severe developmental effects were observed, with all organisms dying within 12 to 16 d of test initiation. However, exposure to the pesticide did not cause limb malformations. Irrespective of methoprene treatment, a very high percentage ( similar to 50%) of animals held under the UV light for 24 d developed hindlimb malformations. These malformations usually were bilateral and sometimes completely symmetrical, and consisted of missing limb segments and missing or reduced digits. A complete proximal to distal representation of the deficiencies occurred, ranging from missing or malformed femurs to the absence of single digits or digit segments. The developmental period of greatest sensitivity to UV light occurred during very early limb bud development, corresponding with formation of the apical ectodermal ridge. The significance of these findings in terms of deformed frogs in the field is uncertain. Although the deformity types observed (i.e., missing limb segments and digits) were similar to those seen in some field specimens, the UV light treatment did not cause the full range of malformations observed in animals from the field (e.g., supernumerary limbs, nonbilateral deformities). Furthermore, although the artificial light spectrum utilized mimicked the relative UV spectrum present in sunlight, it did not match full sunlight intensity, and did not accurately mimic visible wavelengths. Finally, the relationship of the UV light dose used in the laboratory to that actually experienced by amphibians in the field is uncertain. Despite these questions, our findings suggest that UV light should be further considered as a plausible factor contributing to amphibian malformations in field settings. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Ankley, G T AU - Tietge, JE AU - DeFoe, D L AU - Jensen, K M AU - Holcombe, G W AU - Durhan, E J AU - Diamond, SA AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804-2595, USA, ankley.geraldpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 2530 EP - 2542 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Northern leopard frog KW - Rana pipiens KW - malformations KW - methoprene KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Malformations KW - U.V. radiation KW - Insecticides KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - North America KW - Developmental stages KW - Locomotory appendages KW - Pesticides KW - Teratology KW - X 24134:Pathology KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17216083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ultraviolet+light+and+methoprene+on+survival+and+development+of+Rana+pipiens&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BTietge%2C+JE%3BDeFoe%2C+D+L%3BJensen%2C+K+M%3BHolcombe%2C+G+W%3BDurhan%2C+E+J%3BDiamond%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malformations; Insecticides; Ultraviolet radiation; Pesticides; Teratology; Pollution effects; Developmental stages; Locomotory appendages; U.V. radiation; Rana pipiens; North America; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive toxicity and disposition of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in adult brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) following a dietary exposure AN - 17215988; 4498894 AB - Adult brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) with a contaminated trout pellet diet to determine the effects of TCDD on reproduction, to document tissue-specific TCDD distribution, and to establish the maternally derived dose of TCDD to the F sub(1) generation. Five treatment groups and a control were exposed to achieve targeted whole body TCDD concentrations of 0, 75, 150, 300, 600, and 1,200 pg TCDD per gram fish. Net dietary assimilation of TCDD was estimated to be 89% of the applied dose, and the distribution of TCDD generally followed the distribution of lipids in liver, gonad, fat, blood, and muscle. Depuration could not be measured over 81 d, but a hypothetical depuration rate was estimated to be 0.002 d super(-1) assuming 100% dietary assimilation. The concentration of TCDD in ovaries and spawned eggs was estimated to be 61 and 39% of the whole body TCDD concentrations, respectively. Survival, growth, gonadal development, and egg production were not affected in any treatment. The onset of spawning was delayed by 13 d in the highest treatment group, suggesting that TCDD might have affected ovulation. Otherwise, the adult life stage was not as sensitive to TCDD as the early life stage. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Tietge, JE AU - Johnson, R D AU - Jensen, K M AU - Cook, P M AU - Elonen, GE AU - Fernandez, J D AU - Holcombe, G W AU - Lothenbach, D B AU - Nichols, J W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA, tietge.joepamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 2395 EP - 2407 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Brook trout KW - Salvelinus fontinalis KW - TCDD KW - developmental stages KW - diets KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fish eggs KW - Freshwater KW - Eggs KW - Toxicology KW - Estimating KW - Developmental stages KW - Exposure tolerance KW - Trout KW - Population exposure KW - Ovaries KW - Toxicity testing KW - Sexual reproduction KW - Pollution effects KW - Growth KW - Fish diets KW - Experimental data KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Spawning KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Sublethal effects KW - Reproduction KW - Organic compounds KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17215988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Reproductive+toxicity+and+disposition+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+in+adult+brook+trout+%28Salvelinus+fontinalis%29+following+a+dietary+exposure&rft.au=Tietge%2C+JE%3BJohnson%2C+R+D%3BJensen%2C+K+M%3BCook%2C+P+M%3BElonen%2C+GE%3BFernandez%2C+J+D%3BHolcombe%2C+G+W%3BLothenbach%2C+D+B%3BNichols%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Tietge&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Experimental data; Fish eggs; Developmental stages; Pollution effects; Sexual reproduction; Water pollution effects; Spawning; Toxicity; Eggs; Exposure tolerance; Growth; Bioaccumulation; Sublethal effects; Reproduction; Organic compounds; Ovaries; Toxicology; TCDD; Toxicity testing; Estimating; Trout; Population exposure; Fish diets; Salvelinus fontinalis; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to early life stage brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) following parental dietary exposure AN - 17215350; 4498895 AB - The toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to the early life stages of F sub(1) generation brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) was determined, when dosed by maternal transfer. Effects were compared across six treatments, including a control. The experimental groups, based on TCDD concentrations in freshly spawned eggs (control, 41, 84, 156, 285, and 517 pg TCDD per gram egg [wet weight]), were established by treating 1.5-year-old brook trout with TCDD-dosed food throughout the period beginning with final gonadal maturation and continuing until just prior to spawning. Measurement endpoints assessed at various times throughout the study, included (1) TCDD and lipid concentrations in ovaries, eggs, alevins, and juvenile fish, (2) mortality, (3) fertility indices, (4) growth, (5) juvenile sex ratios, (6) pathology, and (7) cytochrome P4501A1 mRNA (CYPIA1) levels in embryos. The cumulative lethality dose response was determined just prior to hatch, at swim-up, and at the end of the study. The concentration in eggs causing 50% mortality (LC sub(egg)50) at swim-up and at the end of the study were 138 and 127 pg TCDD per gram egg, respectively. No treatment effects were observed on fertility, growth, or juvenile sex ratios. Pathologies were observed that have been previously reported in TCDD-exposed salmonid embryos, including edema in free embryos from all TCDD-exposed treatment groups at hatch. At the end of the test, juvenile fish from all treatments exhibited an increased prevalence of exophthalmia compared to the controls. The EC sub(egg)50 for this effect was 117 pg TCDD per gram egg. Histological analysis of the end-of-test juveniles, in gonad, nerve, vertebrae, neuromasts, liver, kidney, gut, gas bladder, skin, and blood vessels, did not indicate any significant pathology below the LC sub(egg)50. P4501A1 mRNA levels in whole 91-d postspawn free embryos from the 84 pg TCDD per gram egg treatment were 2.8 times higher compared with control or 41-pg TCDD per gram egg treatments. Results from this study were consistent with other published results of TCDD effects on salmonids, in which the exposures occurred after fertilization. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Johnson, R D AU - Tietge, JE AU - Jensen, K M AU - Fernandez, J D AU - Linnum, AL AU - Lothenbach, D B AU - Holcombe, G W AU - Cook, P M AU - Christ, SA AU - Lattier, D L AU - Gordon, DA AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA, johnson.rodneypa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 2408 EP - 2421 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Brook trout KW - Salvelinus fontinalis KW - TCDD KW - developmental stages KW - diets KW - histopathology KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Embryonic growth stage KW - Fish eggs KW - Histopathology KW - Freshwater KW - Dietary intake KW - Eggs KW - Embryos KW - Developmental stages KW - Exposure tolerance KW - Lethal limits KW - Trout KW - Population exposure KW - Ovaries KW - Toxicity testing KW - Pollution effects KW - Mortality KW - Water pollution effects KW - Spawning KW - Lethal limit KW - Histology KW - Teratology KW - Organic compounds KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17215350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+to+early+life+stage+brook+trout+%28Salvelinus+fontinalis%29+following+parental+dietary+exposure&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+D%3BTietge%2C+JE%3BJensen%2C+K+M%3BFernandez%2C+J+D%3BLinnum%2C+AL%3BLothenbach%2C+D+B%3BHolcombe%2C+G+W%3BCook%2C+P+M%3BChrist%2C+SA%3BLattier%2C+D+L%3BGordon%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2408&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Fish eggs; Developmental stages; Pollution effects; Histopathology; Water pollution effects; Spawning; Eggs; Exposure tolerance; Lethal limits; Histology; Teratology; Embryos; Ovaries; Organic compounds; TCDD; Dietary intake; Toxicity testing; Embryonic growth stage; Trout; Population exposure; Lethal limit; Salvelinus fontinalis; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiologically based toxicokinetic model for maternal transfer of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) AN - 17213251; 4498896 AB - A physiologically based toxicokinetic (PB-TK) model was developed to describe the uptake, distribution, and elimination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in female brook trout during a 6-month feeding and depuration study. Dietary uptake was modeled under two assumptions, uptake proceeds to equilibrium between blood exiting the intestinal tract and the contents of the intestinal tract, and uptake is limited by desorption of TCDD from gut contents and/or diffusion from the lumen into tissues. Model outputs were evaluated by comparison with measured TCDD residues. The best model fit to the data was obtained by imposing a moderate diffusion limitation on gut uptake. Of the parameters that comprise the gut submodel, whole body residue predictions were most sensitive to changes in the diffusion rate constant and fecal egestion rate. Chemical residues in fat were indicative of an internal disequilibrium with other tissues during the loading phase of the study. Accurate simulations of this behavior were obtained using a diffusion-limited tissue description. Chemical residues in liver, muscle, and ovaries were adequately described by assuming that uptake and elimination were blood flow limited. Spawning probably resulted in a small increase in whole body TCDD concentration and did not appear to represent an important route of chemical elimination. These results suggest that field-derived whole body TCDD residues could be used to estimate residues in developing ovaries of brook trout to within a factor of two, provided that whole body and ovary lipid content were known. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Nichols, J W AU - Jensen, K M AU - Tietge, JE AU - Johnson, R D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA, nichols.johnpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 2422 EP - 2434 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Brook trout KW - Salvelinus fontinalis KW - TCDD KW - bioaccumulation KW - toxicokinetic model KW - toxicokinetics KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Tissues KW - Freshwater KW - PCB KW - Toxicology KW - Maternal effects KW - Estimating KW - Muscles KW - Tissue analysis KW - Trout KW - Model studies KW - Ovaries KW - Toxicity testing KW - Prediction KW - Lipids KW - Pollution effects KW - Models KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Simulation KW - Spawning KW - Blood KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Liver KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17213251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Physiologically+based+toxicokinetic+model+for+maternal+transfer+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+in+brook+trout+%28Salvelinus+fontinalis%29&rft.au=Nichols%2C+J+W%3BJensen%2C+K+M%3BTietge%2C+JE%3BJohnson%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Tissues; Lipids; Muscles; Pollution effects; Simulation; Spawning; Models; Blood; Bioaccumulation; Pollutant persistence; Liver; Ovaries; Toxicology; PCB; Maternal effects; TCDD; Toxicity testing; Tissue analysis; Trout; Estimating; Model studies; Salvelinus fontinalis; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herpetofauna associated with arroyos and uplands in foothills of the Chihuahuan Desert AN - 17194256; 4487162 AB - Arroyos form distinctive habitats in desert foothills. To document herpetofaunal habitat associations with arroyos we operated 16 drift fences (eight in arroyos, eight on uplands) for 4,152 drift fence nights during spring and fall, 1993-1994. Only Scaphiopus couchii demonstrated an association for arroyo habitat, and only during fall 1993. Cnemidophorus marmoratus and C. exsanquis demonstrated possible seasonal associations with uplands. Statistical tests are characterized by low power, apparently resulting from small observed differences in relative abundance between habitats. Small observed differences suggest that, with some exceptions, arroyos versus uplands is not a habitat contrast of relevance to herpetofauna. A posteriori canonical correspondence analysis was applied to produce an ordination of species with six structural habitat variables (shrub cover, grass and forb cover at two heights, amount of detritus, stones and rocks, and sand on the substrate). This comparison, although suggesting a tendency for herpetofauna to favor arroyos, failed to show a significant relationship between herpetofauna and environmental variables. This study suggests that environmental variables other than those directly related to vegetation will be important determinants of herpetofaunal habitat suitability. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Jorgensen, EE AU - Demarais, S AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 441 EP - 448 VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Plant communities KW - Substrates KW - Species composition KW - Herpetofauna KW - Habitat utilization KW - Topography KW - D 04666:Chordates - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17194256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Herpetofauna+associated+with+arroyos+and+uplands+in+foothills+of+the+Chihuahuan+Desert&rft.au=Jorgensen%2C+EE%3BDemarais%2C+S&rft.aulast=Jorgensen&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Substrates; Habitat utilization; Herpetofauna; Species composition; Plant communities; Topography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakstan: High levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in agricultural villages of southern Kazakstan AN - 17175673; 4476297 AB - To assess levels of chlorinated contaminants in breast milk, we measured organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in breast milk samples collected in 1994 according to the World Health Organization protocol from 92 donors that were representative of regional populations in southern Kazakstan. High levels (10-120 pg/g fat) of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic of the PCDD/PCDF congeners, were found in breast milk samples from an agricultural region. TCDD was the major contributor (75%) to the international toxicity equivalents of these samples. The same distinctive PCDD/PCDF congener pattern was found in 15 breast milk samples and 4 serum samples collected in 1996 in a follow-up study, and has now been confirmed by three analytical laboratories. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hooper, K AU - Petreas, M X AU - Chuvakova, T AU - Kazbekova, G AU - Druz, N AU - Seminova, G AU - Sharmanov, T AU - Hayward, D AU - She, J AU - Visita, P AU - Winkler, J AU - McKinney, M AU - Wade, T J AU - Grassman, J AU - Stephens, R D AD - Hazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 797 EP - 806 VL - 106 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Kazakhstan KW - Kazakstan KW - chlorinated compounds KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental health KW - PCDF KW - TCDD KW - Agriculture KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Breast milk KW - Agricultural land KW - PCB compounds KW - Polychlorinated dibenzofurans KW - Pesticides KW - Polluted environments KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17175673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+breast+milk+to+assess+exposure+to+chlorinated+contaminants+in+Kazakstan%3A+High+levels+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29+in+agricultural+villages+of+southern+Kazakstan&rft.au=Hooper%2C+K%3BPetreas%2C+M+X%3BChuvakova%2C+T%3BKazbekova%2C+G%3BDruz%2C+N%3BSeminova%2C+G%3BSharmanov%2C+T%3BHayward%2C+D%3BShe%2C+J%3BVisita%2C+P%3BWinkler%2C+J%3BMcKinney%2C+M%3BWade%2C+T+J%3BGrassman%2C+J%3BStephens%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=797&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; PCB compounds; Agriculture; Organochlorine compounds; TCDD; Environmental health; Agricultural land; Breast milk; PCDF; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; Polluted environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What's happening to our frogs? AN - 17175504; 4476294 AB - Since the 1980s, there has been increasing attention in the scientific community to the possibility of a worldwide decline in amphibian populations In this issue, Burkhart et al. report results of the first laboratory-based effort using pond water samples to investigate potential causes for the recent observations of malformations in amphibian populations in Minnesota. What do Burkhart et al.'s data tell us? Clearly, something is different between the reference sites and the affected ones that FETAX is able to detect. Is an assay that has historically been used for hazard identification purposes up to this task of determining cause-and-effect relationships for events in the natural environment? There are pronounced differences between the solution used for the control groups and the ionic composition of natural pond water (at least as far as the sampled ponds go). JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kavlock, R J AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental, Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 773 EP - 774 VL - 106 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Amphibians KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Amphibiotic species KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Water analysis KW - Ponds KW - Malformations KW - Populations KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Population studies KW - Water pollution effects KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Water pollution KW - Amphibia KW - Biological sampling KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17175504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=What%27s+happening+to+our+frogs%3F&rft.au=Kavlock%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Kavlock&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=773&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Malformations; Amphibiotic species; Population studies; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Biological sampling; Water analysis; Ponds; Water pollution; Freshwater pollution; Amphibians; Populations; Amphibia; USA, Minnesota; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Unified Radon Relative Risk Model. A Computer Program for Calculating Cancer Risks From Radon AN - 17164779; 4468701 AB - The Unified Radon Relative Risk Model (UR3M) computer program was developed to fill the need for a comprehensive approach to radon health risks and to allow users to make informed decisions with respect to radon reduction. The model combines three radon sources, three exposure pathways, and two risk reduction methods to give a composite assessment of health risks, attainable risk reductions, and initial cost factors associated with risk reduction. UR3M communicates radon risk through bar graphs as well as numbers to simplify the presentation of risk information to the public. UR3M treats risk as a composite for the individual by combining the risk pathways and sources of risk within the context of an individuals smoking history. JF - Journal of New England Water Works Association AU - Rydell, S AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1, Boston, MA, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 276 EP - 283 VL - 112 IS - 4 SN - 0028-4939, 0028-4939 KW - UR3M KW - Unified Radon Relative Risk Model KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Radon radioisotopes KW - decision making KW - Carcinogens KW - Cancer KW - Radon KW - Public health KW - Hazards KW - Decision making KW - Risk KW - Smoking KW - Computer programs KW - Computer models KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17164779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=The+Unified+Radon+Relative+Risk+Model.+A+Computer+Program+for+Calculating+Cancer+Risks+From+Radon&rft.au=Rydell%2C+S&rft.aulast=Rydell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=00284939&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Risk assessment; Computer programs; Smoking; Computer models; Carcinogens; decision making; Radon; Cancer; Public health; Risk; Decision making; Radon radioisotopes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of pits dug by goannas (Varanus gouldii) to the dynamics of banded mulga landscapes in eastern Australia AN - 17164653; 4461447 AB - The densities of pits made by goannas Varanus gouldii were estimated in the three distinct zones of banded mulga landscapes (erosion slope, interception zone, and mulga grove) in paddocks of a grazing study in north-western New South Wales, Australia. In light and moderately grazed paddocks, soil pits were significantly more abundant in the interception zones (M=119.057 m super(-2)) than in the groves and erosion slopes (M=16.057 m super(-2)). In the overgrazed paddock there were no differences in densities of pits in any of the zones. In the groves and erosion slopes approximately 70-80% of the pits contained litter, seeds, and fruits. However, on the erosion slopes less than 20% of the pits contained litter and seeds. The data support the hypothesis that soil disturbance by Varanus lizards produces a positive feedback mechanism for the viability of the interception zone and the functioning of banded vegetation landscapes.[copy] 1998 U.S. Government JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Whitford, W G AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Las Vegas, 89195, NV, U.S.A. Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 453 EP - 457 PB - Academic Press VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Australia, New South Wales KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Litter KW - Seeds KW - Ecosystem dynamics KW - Digging behavior KW - Varanus gouldii KW - Topography KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17164653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+pits+dug+by+goannas+%28Varanus+gouldii%29+to+the+dynamics+of+banded+mulga+landscapes+in+eastern+Australia&rft.au=Whitford%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Varanus gouldii; Seeds; Ecosystem dynamics; Topography; Digging behavior; Litter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of mercury species by activated carbons and calcium-based sorbents: Effect of temperature, mercury concentration and acid gases AN - 17157441; 4450868 AB - Bench-scale studies of mercury/sorbent reactions were conducted to understand mechanistic limitations of field-scale attempts to reduce emissions of mercury from combustion processes. The effects of temperature (60 to 140 degree C), sulfur dioxide (SO sub(2), 1000 ppm), hydrogen chloride (HCl, 50 ppm), and water vapor (5% molar) on the capture of elemental mercury (Hg super(0), 8 to 40 ppb) by two thermally activated carbons, and on the capture of mercuric chloride (HgCl sub(2), 11 to 73 ppb) by two calcium (Ca)-based sorbents were examined in a fixed-bed, bench-scale system. Capture of mercury species is affected by sorbent site activity. HgCl sub(2) is quickly adsorbed by the alkaline sites of Ca-based sorbents; sorption in combustors will likely be kinetically limited. Hg super(0), however, is more effectively removed by activated carbons; here the number of active sites appears to limit removal from flue gas. SO sub(2) and HCl were found to either enhance or reduce sorption depending on the species of mercury. Enhancement or Hg super(0) capture by activated carbon is associated with formation of active carbon-chlorine or carbon-sulfur sites while reduced capture of HgCl sub(2) is due to loss of alkaline sites through Ca-SO sub(2) and CaHCl reactions. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Ghorishi, B AU - Gullett, B K AD - USEPA, NRMRL, APPCD, MD-65, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 582 EP - 593 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - hydrogen chloride KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Calcium KW - Activated carbon KW - Temperature KW - Air pollution control KW - Emission control KW - Combustion KW - Sorbents KW - Gases KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Acids KW - Mercury KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17157441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+mercury+species+by+activated+carbons+and+calcium-based+sorbents%3A+Effect+of+temperature%2C+mercury+concentration+and+acid+gases&rft.au=Ghorishi%2C+B%3BGullett%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Ghorishi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature; Calcium; Combustion; Emission control; Sorbents; Sulfur dioxide; Acids; Mercury; Gases; Air pollution control; Activated carbon ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How environmental conditions affect canopy leaf-level photosynthesis in four deciduous tree species AN - 17140682; 4443209 AB - Species composition of temperate forests vary with successional age (i.e., years after a major disturbance) and seems likely to change in response to significant global climate change. Because photosynthesis rates in co-occurring tree species can differ in their sensitivity to environmental conditions, these changes in species composition are likely to alter the carbon dynamics of temperate forests. To help improve our understanding of such atmosphere-biosphere interactions, we explored changes in leaf-level photosynthesis in a 60-70 yr old temperate mixed-deciduous forest in Petersham, Massachusetts (USA). Diurnally and seasonally varying environmental conditions differentially influenced in situ leaf-level photosynthesis rates in the canopies of four mature temperate deciduous tree species: red oak (Quercus rubra), red maple (Acer rubrum), white birch (Betula papyrifera), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). We measured in situ photosynthesis at two heights within the canopies (top of the canopy at similar to 20 m, and in the sub-canopy of the same individual trees at similar to 14-16 m) through a diurnal time course on 7 d over two growing seasons. We simultaneously measured a suite of environmental conditions surrounding the leaf at the time of each measurement. We used path analysis to examine the influence of environmental factors on in situ photosynthesis in the tree canopies. Overall, red oak had the highest photosynthesis rates, followed by white birch, yellow birch, and red maple. There was little evidence for a substantial midday depression in photosynthesis. Instead, photosynthesis declined throughout the day, particularly after 1600. Diurnal patterns of light reaching canopy leaves, leaf and air temperature, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) contributed to diurnally varying photosynthesis rates. Large differences in these parameters through the growing season partly led to the seasonal differences observed in photosynthesis rates. Path analyses helped to identify the relative contribution of various environmental factors on photosynthesis and further revealed that species-specific sensitivities to various environmental conditions shifted through the season. Red oak photosynthesis was particularly sensitive to air temperatures late in the season when air temperatures were low. Further, red maple photosynthesis was particularly sensitive to high VPDs through the growing season. Incorporating data on the physiological differences among tree species into forest carbon models will greatly improve our ability to predict alterations to the forest carbon budgets under various environmental scenarios such as global climate change, or with differing species composition. JF - Ecology AU - Bassow, S L AU - Bazzaz, F A AD - Office of Science and Technology Policy, Environment Division, Old Executive Office Building, Washington, D.C. 20502 USA Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 2660 EP - 2675 VL - 79 IS - 8 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Northern red oak KW - Red maple KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Quercus rubra KW - Betula KW - Photosynthesis KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Canopies KW - Acer rubrum KW - Seasonal variations KW - Abiotic factors KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17140682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=How+environmental+conditions+affect+canopy+leaf-level+photosynthesis+in+four+deciduous+tree+species&rft.au=Bassow%2C+S+L%3BBazzaz%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Bassow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2660&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acer rubrum; Betula; Quercus rubra; Photosynthesis; Seasonal variations; Trees; Canopies; Temperature effects; Forests; Abiotic factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuropeptide Denervation Alters Both the Elicitation and Induction Phases of Contact Hypersensitivity in Mice AN - 17136598; 4438862 AB - The effects of permanent disruption of neuropeptide transmission on the induction (i.e., sensitization) and elicitation (i.e., challenge) phases of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) are described. BALB/c mice were chemically denervated of neuropeptide (i.e., tachykinin) containing sensory C fibers by an acute injection of capsaicin (50 mg/kg) on postnatal day (PND) 2 to 3. As young adults (PND 45-60), these mice and their control littermates were sensitized by topical application of 0.1% 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) or vehicle. Treatment groups generated from this exposure regimen consisted of untreated, controls (O/O), denervated, controls (CAP/O), untreated, sensitized (O/DNFB), and denervated, sensitized (CAP/DNFB). The elicitation phase of CHS was evaluated in these animals by measuring ear thickness in response to a DNFB challenge. In DNFB-sensitized groups, ear thickness was significantly increased over controls but was additionally increased 2.4-fold in CAP/DNFB compared to O/DNFB mice. The induction phase of CHS was next assessed in young adult mice by measuring lymph node cell (LNC) proliferation. For this, mice were sensitized for 3 consecutive days before their draining, auricular nodes were removed. The LNC were dissociated and cultured for 24 h with tritiated thymidine to assess LNC proliferation. As expected, significantly higher numbers of LNC occurred in both DNFB-sensitized groups (CAP/DNFB, O/DNFB) compared to the unsensitized, controls (CAP/O, O/O). However, LNC proliferation in CAP/DNFB was significantly higher than O/DNFB animals. Flow cytometry on similarly exposed mice failed to demonstrate any significant difference in the population of CD4CD8 or CD3CD45R LNC cells from neuropeptide-denervated (CAP/O, CAP/DNFB) mice or their respective treatment mates (O/O, O/DNFB), suggesting that alterations in T or B cell populations did not underlie these changes. Finally, cytokine release from the LNC from these treatment groups was examined. For this, the auricular lymph nodes were removed from animals, 2 to 4 h after the animals were administered a single application of a sensitizing concentration (0.1%) of DNFB or acetone vehicle. LNC, dissociated from these nodes, were cultured for 24 h. The nutrient media was removed from these cultured cells and examined for the release of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1 beta , IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha , by ELISA. There were no significant increases in IL-2. However, IL-1 beta release was significantly increased in CAP/DNFB mice over O/DNFB by 18-fold and by over 30-fold compare to O/O controls. Levels of TNF alpha were significantly increased in both O/DNFB and CAP/DNFB mice over the nonsensitized controls (O/O, CAP/O). CAP/DNFB values were approximately double that of O/DNFB. There was no significant difference in IL-1 beta or TNF alpha release between the nonsensitized controls (O/O, CAP/O). Collectively, these data indicate that neuropeptide denervation by neonatal administration of capsaicin alters both the induction and elicitation phases CHS and may modify sensitivity to chemically induced CHS. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Veronesi, B AU - Williams, W C AU - Smialowicz, R J AU - Sailstad, D M AU - Doerfler, D AU - Selgrade, MJ AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 243 EP - 249 PB - Academic Press VL - 153 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene KW - 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene KW - capsaicin KW - mice KW - neuropeptides KW - tachykinin KW - tachykinins KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Lymphocytes KW - Cytokines KW - Contact dermatitis KW - Mice KW - Denervation KW - Capsaicin KW - Lymph nodes KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Cell proliferation KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - N3 11110:Neuroimmunology KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17136598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Neuropeptide+Denervation+Alters+Both+the+Elicitation+and+Induction+Phases+of+Contact+Hypersensitivity+in+Mice&rft.au=Veronesi%2C+B%3BWilliams%2C+W+C%3BSmialowicz%2C+R+J%3BSailstad%2C+D+M%3BDoerfler%2C+D%3BSelgrade%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Veronesi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymphocytes; Contact dermatitis; Cytotoxicity; Toxicity testing; Lymph nodes; Mice; Cytokines; Denervation; Cell proliferation; Capsaicin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of metallothionein protein in the lungs of Wistar rats and C57 and DBA mice exposed to cadmium oxide fumes AN - 17133981; 4438858 AB - Chronic exposure to inhaled cadmium (Cd) has been shown to induce lung tumors in rats (Wistar strain) but not in mice (NMRI strain). The protein metallothionein (MT) plays an important role in Cd detoxification, and it has been suggested that differential inducibility of pulmonary MT may lead to interspecies susceptibility differences to inhaled Cd. Interstrain differences in the pulmonary response of the MT gene to Cd stimuli have not been examined in rats or mice. We compared pulmonary MT expression in Wistar Furth (WF) rats with that in DBA and C57 mice, following a single 3-h exposure to CdO fumes containing 1 mg Cd/m super(3). Induction of the MT gene was assessed by the levels of MT-I and MT-II transcripts, MT-protein content, and number of MT-labeled alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells immediately after Cd exposure and 1, 3, and 5 days later. Control animals were exposed to air/argon furnace gases. We observed differential intra- and interspecies inducibility of the MT gene in the lung following Cd inhalation. DBA mice exhibited greater levels of MT-mRNA, mainly for the MT-I isoform, MT-protein content, and number of MT positive cells relative to C57 mice. WF rats showed lower transcription and translation responses of the MT gene upon Cd stimuli than C57 mice. The present results, in concert with our previous findings of higher lung cell proliferation in Cd-exposed C57 relative to DBA mice, predict greater susceptibility of C57 to the carcinogenic effects of inhaled Cd. Furthermore, the low transcriptional and translation responses of the MT gene to Cd stimuli in WF rats might explain the higher susceptibility of this rat strain to develop malignant lung tumors after chronic exposure to Cd via inhalation. Parallel to our findings in mice, differences in the responsiveness of lung MT gene may exist across rat strains. Thus intraspecies genetic variability in pulmonary MT may influence the susceptibility of rats or mice to lung carcinogenesis induced by inhalation of Cd compounds. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Mckenna, I M AU - Gordon, T AU - Chen, L C AU - Anver, M R AU - Waalkes, M P AD - Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, 21702, Maryland, mckenna.ilda@epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 169 EP - 178 PB - Academic Press VL - 153 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - cadmium oxide KW - chronic exposure KW - metallothionein KW - mice KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Metallothionein KW - Rats KW - Genetics KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Cadmium KW - Fumes KW - Mice KW - Cadmium compounds KW - Lung KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Proteins KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17133981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+metallothionein+protein+in+the+lungs+of+Wistar+rats+and+C57+and+DBA+mice+exposed+to+cadmium+oxide+fumes&rft.au=Mckenna%2C+I+M%3BGordon%2C+T%3BChen%2C+L+C%3BAnver%2C+M+R%3BWaalkes%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Mckenna&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenicity; Carcinogenesis; Proteins; Cadmium compounds; Rats; Inhalation; Cadmium; Toxicity testing; Mice; Fumes; Lung; Genetics; Metallothionein ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repeated Exposure of Adult Rats to Aroclor 1254 Causes Brain Region-Specific Changes in Intracellular Ca Buffering and Protein Kinase C Activity in the Absence of Changes in Tyrosine Hydroxylase AN - 17133370; 4438860 AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, some of which may be neurotoxic. In vitro studies from this laboratory indicated that noncoplanar PCBs perturbed intracellular signal transduction mechanisms including Ca super(2+) homeostasis, receptor-mediated inositol phosphate production, and translocation of protein kinase C (PKC). In the present study, we examined the effects of PCBs in vivo by dosing adult male Long-Evans rats orally with Aroclor 1254 (0, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day; 5 days/week for 4 weeks) in corn oil. At 24 h after the last dose, rats were tested for motor activity in a photocell device for 30 min. Immediately, the rats were euthanized, blood was collected for thyroid hormone analysis, and brains were removed, dissected into regions (cerebellum, frontal cortex, and striatum), and subcellular fractions were obtained for neurochemical analysis. Following Aroclor 1254 treatment, body weight gain in the high-dose group was significantly lower than the control and low-dose groups. Horizontal motor activity was significantly lower in rats dosed with 30 mg/kg Aroclor 1254. Ca super(2+) buffering by microsomes was significantly lower in all three brain regions from the 30 mg/kg group. In the same dose group, mitochondrial Ca super(2+) buffering was affected in cerebellum but not in cortex or striatum. Similarly, total cerebellar PKC activity was decreased significantly while membrane-bound PKC activity was significantly elevated at 10 and 30 mg/kg. PKC activity was not altered either in cortex or the striatum. Neurotransmitter levels in striatum or cortex were slightly altered in PCB-exposed rats compared to controls. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of Aroclor 1254 to rats did not significantly alter forebrain tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity or enzymatic activity. Circulating T sub(4) (total and free) concentrations were severely depressed at both doses in Aroclor 1254-exposed rats compared to control rats, suggesting a severe hypothyroid state. These results indicate that (1) in vivo exposure to a PCB mixture can produce changes in second messenger systems that are similar to those observed after in vitro exposure of neuronal cell cultures; (2) second messenger systems seem to be more sensitive than alterations in neurotransmitter levels or tyrosine hydroxylase involved in dopamine synthesis during repeated exposure to PCBs; and (3) the observed motor activity changes were independent of changes in striatal dopamine levels. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Kodavanti, PR AU - Derr-Yellin, E C AU - Mundy, W R AU - Shafer, T J AU - Herr, D W AU - Barone, S Jr AU - Choksi, N Y AU - Macphail, R C AU - Tilson, HA AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 27711, North Carolina Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 186 EP - 198 PB - Academic Press VL - 153 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Aroclor 1254 KW - brain KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Calcium KW - Dopamine KW - Motor activity KW - PCB KW - Brain KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Toxicity testing KW - Protein kinase C KW - Biochemistry KW - Calcium buffering KW - Rats KW - Dose-response effects KW - Neostriatum KW - PCB compounds KW - Calcium homeostasis KW - Aroclor KW - Proteins KW - Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - T 20019:Cellular calcium, channels and currents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17133370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Repeated+Exposure+of+Adult+Rats+to+Aroclor+1254+Causes+Brain+Region-Specific+Changes+in+Intracellular+Ca+Buffering+and+Protein+Kinase+C+Activity+in+the+Absence+of+Changes+in+Tyrosine+Hydroxylase&rft.au=Kodavanti%2C+PR%3BDerr-Yellin%2C+E+C%3BMundy%2C+W+R%3BShafer%2C+T+J%3BHerr%2C+D+W%3BBarone%2C+S+Jr%3BChoksi%2C+N+Y%3BMacphail%2C+R+C%3BTilson%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Kodavanti&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PCB compounds; Proteins; Brain; Neurotoxicity; Calcium; Rats; Dose-response effects; Biochemistry; Toxicity testing; Dopamine; Aroclor; Protein kinase C; Calcium homeostasis; PCB; Motor activity; Neostriatum; Calcium buffering; Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk-based corrective action, natural attenuation, and changing regulatory paradigms AN - 16126172; 4496529 AB - Since the late 1980s, more than half of all known underground storage tanks (USTs) in the United States have been closed. Many of these tanks are known to have leaked, and new releases are still being reported. Correcting the resulting soil and groundwater contamination has turned out to be an expensive undertaking. In response, regulators and other interested parties have worked together to adopt risk-based approaches to setting cleanup goals and to promote innovative cleanup technologies such as natural attenuation. These changes have dramatically affected the way in which leaking USTs are regulated and cleaned up. JF - Bioremediation Journal AU - Small, M C AD - US Environ. Prot. Agency Reg. 9, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, USA, small.matthew@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/12// PY - 1998 DA - Dec 1998 SP - 221 EP - 225 PB - CRC Press, Inc. VL - 2 IS - 3-4 SN - 1088-9868, 1088-9868 KW - USA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Government regulations KW - Underground storage tanks KW - Bioremediation KW - Pollution clean-up KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Soil contamination KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16126172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioremediation+Journal&rft.atitle=Risk-based+corrective+action%2C+natural+attenuation%2C+and+changing+regulatory+paradigms&rft.au=Small%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Small&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioremediation+Journal&rft.issn=10889868&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Underground storage tanks; Government regulations; Bioremediation; Pollution clean-up; Groundwater pollution; Soil contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of gender and acetone pretreatment on benzene metabolism in mice exposed by nose-only inhalation. AN - 70076191; 9833972 AB - Benzene (BZ) requires oxidative metabolism catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP 2E1) to exert its hematotoxic and genotoxic effects. We previously reported that male mice have a two-fold higher maximum rate of BZ oxidation compared with female mice; this correlates with the greater sensitivity of males to the genotoxic effects of BZ as measured by micronuclei induction and sister chromatid exchanges. The aim of this study was to quantitate levels of BZ metabolites in urine and tissues, and to determine whether the higher maximum rate of BZ oxidation in male mice would be reflected in higher levels of hydroxylated BZ metabolites in tissues and water-soluble metabolites in urine. Male and female B6C3F, mice were exposed to 100 or 600 ppm 14C-BZ by nose-only inhalation for 6 h. An additional group of male mice was pretreated with 1% acetone in drinking water for 8 d prior to exposure to 600 ppm BZ; this group was used to evaluate the effect of induction of CYP 2E1 on urine and tissue levels of BZ and its hydroxylated metabolites. BZ, phenol (PHE), and hydroquinone (HQ) were quantified in blood, liver, and bone marrow during exposure and postexposure, and water-soluble metabolites were analyzed in urine in the 48 h after exposure. Male mice exhibited a higher flux of BZ metabolism through the HQ pathway compared with females after exposure to either 100 ppm BZ (32.0 2.03 vs. 19.8 2.7%) or 600 ppm BZ (14.7 1.42 vs. 7.94 + 0.76%). Acetone pretreatment to induce CYP 2E1 resulted in a significant increase in both the percent and mass of urinary HQ glucuronide and muconic acid in male mice exposed to 600 ppm BZ. This increase was paralleled by three- to fourfold higher steady-state concentrations of PHE and HQ in blood and bone marrow of acetone-pretreated mice compared with untreated mice. These results indicate that the higher maximum rate of BZ metabolism in male mice is paralleled by a greater proportion of the total flux of BZ through the pathway for HQ formation, suggesting that the metabolites formed along this pathway may be responsible for the genotoxicity observed following BZ exposure. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Kenyon, E M AU - Seaton, M J AU - Himmelstein, M W AU - Asgharian, B AU - Medinsky, M A AD - Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. kenyon.elaina@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/11/27/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 27 SP - 421 EP - 443 VL - 55 IS - 6 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Hydroquinones KW - Solvents KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Phenol KW - 339NCG44TV KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 KW - EC 1.14.13.- KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - hydroquinone KW - XV74C1N1AE KW - Index Medicus KW - Nasal Cavity KW - Animals KW - Sex Factors KW - Bone Marrow -- metabolism KW - Hydroquinones -- blood KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Phenol -- urine KW - Mice KW - Hydroquinones -- urine KW - Phenol -- blood KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 -- biosynthesis KW - Enzyme Induction -- drug effects KW - Hydroxylation -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Female KW - Male KW - Benzene -- administration & dosage KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Benzene -- metabolism KW - Solvents -- metabolism KW - Acetone -- pharmacology KW - Solvents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70076191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Influence+of+gender+and+acetone+pretreatment+on+benzene+metabolism+in+mice+exposed+by+nose-only+inhalation.&rft.au=Kenyon%2C+E+M%3BSeaton%2C+M+J%3BHimmelstein%2C+M+W%3BAsgharian%2C+B%3BMedinsky%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-11-27&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multifocal accumulation of p53 protein in esophageal carcinoma: evidence for field cancerization. AN - 70037394; 9808524 AB - A systematic characterization of the cancerization field of esophageal carcinoma based on p53 protein accumulation has not been reported previously. The present report presents such a study based on 50 specimens of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma from northern China. To gain insight into the etiology of this disease among the 50 subjects, DNA was analyzed for a polymorphism of the aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) gene, which has been associated with increased risk for esophageal cancer among alcohol-consuming patients in Japan. However, the frequency of this polymorphism among our subjects, 30% (15/50), was within published control frequencies for this allele, suggesting that this allele may not play a role in the etiology of esophageal cancer in this northern Chinese population. Immuno-histochemical staining showed that 66% of the tumors were p53+. Of 420 pieces near or adjacent to p53+ tumors, p53+ cells were present among 64% of basal-cell hyperplasia (BCH), 70% of dysplasia (DYS) and 88% of carcinoma in situ (CIS). Of 216 pieces near or adjacent to p53- tumors, p53+ frequencies were 25% of BCH, 25% of DYS and 0% of CIS. The proportion of BCH cells that were p53+ decreased at increasing distance from the tumor (p = 0.006). The sporadic distribution of p53+ cells and the distribution and frequency of p53+ precursor lesions support the view that accumulation of p53 protein is multifocal and occurs in precursor lesions in early stages of esophageal carcinogenesis. JF - International journal of cancer AU - Tian, D AU - Feng, Z AU - Hanley, N M AU - Setzer, R W AU - Mumford, J L AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/11/23/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 23 SP - 568 EP - 575 VL - 78 IS - 5 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasm Staging KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Esophageal Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Esophageal Neoplasms -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70037394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Multifocal+accumulation+of+p53+protein+in+esophageal+carcinoma%3A+evidence+for+field+cancerization.&rft.au=Tian%2C+D%3BFeng%2C+Z%3BHanley%2C+N+M%3BSetzer%2C+R+W%3BMumford%2C+J+L%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Tian&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-11-23&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral thermoregulatory responses of single- and group-housed mice. AN - 70127534; 9855474 AB - The ambient temperature (Ta) to house and study laboratory rodents is critical for nearly all biomedical studies. The ideal Ta for housing rodents and other animals should be based on their thermoregulatory requirements. However, fundamental information on the behavioral thermoregulatory responses of single- and group-housed rodents is meager. To address this issue, thermoregulatory behavior was assessed in individual and groups of CD-1 mice housed in a temperature gradient. Mice were housed in groups of five or individually while selected Ta and motor activity were monitored. Single- and group-housed mice displayed a circadian oscillation of selected Ta and motor activity with relatively warm T(a)s of approximately 29 degrees C selected during the light phase; during the dark phase selected Ta was reduced by 4 degrees C, whereas motor activity increased. Selected Ta of aged (11 months old) mice housed individually was approximately 1.0 degrees C warmer than the group-housed mice. Thermal preference of younger mice (2 months old) was similar for single- and group-housed animals. The operative Ta of mice housed in standard facilities was estimated by measuring the cooling rate of "phantom" mice modeled from aluminum cylinders. The results show that the typical housing conditions for single- and group-housed mice are cooler than their Ta for ideal thermal comfort. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Gordon, C J AU - Becker, P AU - Ali, J S AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. GORDON@HERL45.HERL.EPA.GOV Y1 - 1998/11/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 15 SP - 255 EP - 262 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Circadian Rhythm -- physiology KW - Housing, Animal KW - Temperature KW - Motor Activity -- physiology KW - Mice KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- physiology KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Social Isolation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70127534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Behavioral+thermoregulatory+responses+of+single-+and+group-housed+mice.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BBecker%2C+P%3BAli%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-11-15&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation at a marine Superfund site: Surficial sediment PCB congener concentration, composition, and redistribution AN - 17170624; 4470591 AB - New Bedford Harbor (NBH) is an estuary severely contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and is undergoing a multistage Superfund remediation. A longterm monitoring program was developed to assess the effectiveness of this remediation. Seventy-two stations were monitored in the harbor and in adjacent Buzzards Bay. Sediments were collected at each station before and after the initial remedial phase (the "hot spot" removal), and the concentrations of 18 PCB congeners were quantified. A qualitative graphical technique was combined with exploratory statistical techniques to examine the spatial and temporal variability in concentrations of PCBs and proportions of the congeners. The combination of the two techniques with PCB congener ratios revealed subtle changes after remediation that were not evident by a more traditional statistical analysis of total PCB concentrations. Although major redistributions of contaminated sediments were confined to the immediate vicinity of remedial activities, there is evidence that low molecular weight PCBs were transported farther. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Bergen, B J AU - Rahn, KA AU - Nelson, W G AD - Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, bergen.barbarapamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/11/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 15 SP - 3496 EP - 3501 VL - 32 IS - 22 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA KW - USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor KW - Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Statistical analysis KW - Sediment contamination KW - Marine sediments KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - PCB compounds KW - PCB KW - Sediment pollution KW - Sediment chemistry KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Buzzards Bay KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford, New Bedford Harbour KW - Superfund KW - Estuaries KW - Pollution surveys KW - Water pollution KW - Marine pollution KW - Remediation KW - Monitoring KW - Harbors KW - Pollution control KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17170624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Remediation+at+a+marine+Superfund+site%3A+Surficial+sediment+PCB+congener+concentration%2C+composition%2C+and+redistribution&rft.au=Bergen%2C+B+J%3BRahn%2C+KA%3BNelson%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-11-15&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=3496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment chemistry; Sediment pollution; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Marine pollution; Estuaries; Statistical analysis; Harbors; Monitoring; Pollution surveys; Water pollution; PCB; Pollution control; Superfund; Remediation; PCB compounds; Marine sediments; Sediment contamination; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford, New Bedford Harbour; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Buzzards Bay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nanofiltration foulants from a treated surface water AN - 17167949; 4470603 AB - The loss of membrane flux due to fouling is one of the main impediments in the development of membrane processes for use in drinking water treatment. The objective of this work was to determine the nature of nanofiltration membrane foulants for a pilot system fed conventionally treated Ohio River water for 15 months. The foulant responsible for flux loss was shown to be a film layer 20-80 mu m thick with the greatest depth in the first of three elements in series. Heterotrophic plate count, phospholipid, and pyrolysis-GC/MS analyses showed the film layer had a strong biological signature. The inorganic contribution to the dried film layer was low (less than 15%). Both acid and alkaline/detergent cleaning yielded only short-term flux recovery, although they were independent of each other. Neither acid cleaning, alkaline/detergent cleaning, nor hydraulic flushing removed the thickness of the film layer, nor changed its organic characteristics. Only alkaline/detergent cleaning inactivated a large percentage of the film-layer microbes. The short-term flux recovery without loss of biofilm thickness suggests a morphological change upon chemical cleaning. The results suggest that feedwater pretreatment to prevent cell deposition and subsequent biogrowth would be more successful than chemical cleaning the membrane after biofouling. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Speth, T F AU - Summers, R S AU - Gusses, A M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA, speth.ThomasPAMAIL.EPA.GOV Y1 - 1998/11/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 15 SP - 3612 EP - 3617 VL - 32 IS - 22 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - USA, Ohio R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fouling KW - Filtration KW - Membranes KW - Water treatment KW - Surface water KW - Drinking water KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17167949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Nanofiltration+foulants+from+a+treated+surface+water&rft.au=Speth%2C+T+F%3BSummers%2C+R+S%3BGusses%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Speth&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-11-15&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=3612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fouling; Filtration; Membranes; Water treatment; Surface water; Drinking water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Cd super(2+), Pb super(2+) and CH sub(3)Hg super(+) on high voltage-activated calcium currents in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells: potency, reversibility, interactions with extracellular Ca super(2+) and mechanisms of block AN - 17159266; 4449479 AB - Effects of the neurotoxic heavy metals Cd super(2+), Pb super(2+) and CH sub(3)Hg super(+) on current carried by Ca super(2+) ions (I sub(Ca)) through high-voltage activated Ca super(2+) channels in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were examined to characterize possible differences in the mechanism of action of these metals on Ca super(2+) channel function. Specifically, the potency and reversibility of effect on I sub(Ca) by each metal was examined, as well as the relationship between extracellular [Ca super(2+)] and potency of block of I sub(Ca) by Cd super(2+) and Pb super(2+). In addition, the effect of each of these metals on Ca super(2+) channels when applied to the intracellular side of the membrane was also examined. When extracellular solution contained 20, 10 or 5 mM Ca super(2+), the estimated IC sub(50) values (total metal concentration) for block of I sub(Ca) were 15, 10, and 6.5 mu M for Cd super(2+) and 7.5, 2.0 and 1.1 mu M for Pb super(2+), respectively. CH sub(3)Hg super(+) (1-10 mu M) blocked I sub(Ca) (20 mM Ca super(2+)) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. When cells were washed with metal-free solutions, block of I sub(Ca) by Cd super(2+) was reversed rapidly, whereas block by Pb super(2+) was reversed only partially, and block of I sub(Ca) by CH sub(3)Hg super(+) was not reversed. When Pb super(2+) and CH sub(3)Hg super(+) treated cells were washed in metal-free solutions containing 50 mu M D-penicillamine (DPEN), block of I sub(Ca) by 10 mu M Pb super(2+) was rapidly and completely reversed, whereas, block of I sub(Ca) by 5 mu M CH sub(3)Hg super(+) was not reversed. Higher concentrations (500 mu M) of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonic acid (DMPS) did reverse partially the block of I sub(Ca) by 5 and 10 mu M CH sub(3)Hg super(+). When Cd super(2+), Pb super(2+) or CH sub(3)Hg super(+) was present in the intracellular solution, Ca super(2+) channel currents were significantly reduced. These results characterize effects of Cd super(2+) on Ca super(2+) channels and demonstrate that Cd super(2+), Pb super(2+) and CH sub(3)Hg super(+) differ in their actions on Ca super(2+) channels. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Shafer, T J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, MD-74B, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, Shafer.tim@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/11/12/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 12 SP - 207 EP - 221 VL - 99 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - rats KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Heavy metals KW - Calcium channels (voltage-gated) KW - Lead KW - Pheochromocytoma cells KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Mercury KW - Cadmium KW - X 24165:Biochemistry KW - T 20019:Cellular calcium, channels and currents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17159266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Cd+super%282%2B%29%2C+Pb+super%282%2B%29+and+CH+sub%283%29Hg+super%28%2B%29+on+high+voltage-activated+calcium+currents+in+pheochromocytoma+%28PC12%29+cells%3A+potency%2C+reversibility%2C+interactions+with+extracellular+Ca+super%282%2B%29+and+mechanisms+of+block&rft.au=Shafer%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Shafer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-11-12&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pheochromocytoma cells; Lead; Neurotoxicity; Calcium channels (voltage-gated); Cadmium; Heavy metals; Mercury ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Daily cycle of bHLH-PAS proteins, Ah receptor and Arnt, in multiple tissues of female Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 70050633; 9813174 AB - The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) shares a common PAS domain with a number of genes that exhibit a pronounced circadian rhythm. Therefore, this study examined the daily cycle of AhR and AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt) protein expression in multiple tissues of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were euthanized at 4, 7, and 11 am and 4, 7, and 11 pm after which whole tissue homogenates were made from multiple tissues. Western blot analysis showed that the daily cycle of relative AhR protein expression exhibits a similar oscillation pattern in the liver, lungs, and thymus. The daily cycle of relative Arnt protein expression exhibits a similar oscillation pattern in the liver and lungs. The apparent daily cycle of AhR and Arnt protein expression in multiple tissues was not observed within the spleen. This preliminary report is the first study to suggest that the PAS proteins, AhR and Arnt, exhibit a daily oscillation pattern within multiple target tissues which may give insight into the tissue-specific toxic and biochemical responses mediated through this dimerization pair, as well as the physiological function of these proteins. Copyright 1998 Academic Press. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Richardson, V M AU - Santostefano, M J AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health & Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/11/09/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 09 SP - 225 EP - 231 VL - 252 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - ARNT protein, rat KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Transcription Factors KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator KW - 138391-32-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Time KW - Thymus Gland -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Oscillometry KW - Female KW - Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70050633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Daily+cycle+of+bHLH-PAS+proteins%2C+Ah+receptor+and+Arnt%2C+in+multiple+tissues+of+female+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Richardson%2C+V+M%3BSantostefano%2C+M+J%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-11-09&rft.volume=252&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The frequency of illegitimate V(D)J recombinase-mediated mutations in children treated with etoposide-containing antileukemic therapy AN - 17100047; 4412841 AB - Etoposide is among the most widely used anti-cancer drugs. Its use, however, has been associated with increased risk of secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) which is characterized by chromosomal translocations suggesting involvement of recombination-associated motifs at the breakpoints. A PCR-based assay was developed to quantitate the frequency of two illegitimate V(D)J recombinase-mediated genomic rearrangements--a 20-kb deletion in the hprt gene and the bcl2/IgH translocation (t(14; 18)) found in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We examined both lymphocyte and non-lymphocyte blood cell DNA of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) for changes in the frequencies of these biomarkers during etoposide therapy to determine the level of illegitimate V(D)J recombination changes during therapy. A low level of t(14; 18) was found in the lymphocytes before etoposide treatment, which was significantly reduced during etoposide therapy. In before-etoposide samples, no t(14; 18) were found among 7.72 x 10 super(7) non-lymphocytes; during treatment none were found among 1.87 x 10 super(8) non-lymphocytes. Deletions were not found before etoposide treatment in either the lymphocytes (6.67 x 10 super(7)) or non-lymphocytes (5.43 x 10 super(7)) and were non-significantly elevated during etoposide therapy (1 in 1.4 x 10 super(8) lymphocytes and 1 in 1.39 x 10 super(8) non-lymphocytes). It is interesting to note the one patient with an hprt deletion mutation in non-lymphocytes; V(D)J recombination is not normally found in this cell type, but is the cell type from which AML derives. Several patients had clones of t(14; 18)-bearing cells as determined by DNA sequence analysis. These results suggest that this etoposide-based chemotherapy was ineffective in producing genomic rearrangements mediated by illegitimate V(D)J recombination in these patients. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Fuscoe, J C AU - Knapp, G W AU - Hanley, N M AU - Setzer, R W AU - Sandlund, J T AU - Pui, CH AU - Relling, M V AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, Mail Drop 68, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/11/09/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 09 SP - 107 EP - 121 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 419 IS - 1-3 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - acute myeloid leukemia KW - antileukemic therapy KW - hprt gene KW - man KW - non-Hodgkin's lymphoma KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Acute myeloid leukemia KW - Antineoplastic drugs KW - Recombination KW - Chromosomes KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Chromosome aberrations KW - Etoposide KW - Translocation KW - X 24117:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17100047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=The+frequency+of+illegitimate+V%28D%29J+recombinase-mediated+mutations+in+children+treated+with+etoposide-containing+antileukemic+therapy&rft.au=Fuscoe%2C+J+C%3BKnapp%2C+G+W%3BHanley%2C+N+M%3BSetzer%2C+R+W%3BSandlund%2C+J+T%3BPui%2C+CH%3BRelling%2C+M+V&rft.aulast=Fuscoe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-11-09&rft.volume=419&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Translocation; Polymerase chain reaction; Etoposide; Chromosome aberrations; Acute myeloid leukemia; Chromosomes; Recombination; Antineoplastic drugs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time- and Dose-Dependent Development of Potassium Bromate-Induced Tumors in Male Fischer 344 Rats AN - 755136334; 13645908 AB - Potassium bromate (KBrO sub( 3)) is a rodent carcinogen and a nephro- and neurotoxicant in humans. KBrO sub(3) is used in cosmetics and food products and is a by-product of water disinfection by ozonization. KBrO sub(3) is carcinogenic in the rat kidney, thyroid, and mesothelium and is a renal carcinogen in the male mouse. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship of time and dose to bromate-induced tumors in male Fischer 344 (F344) rats and to provide some insight into the development of these tumors. KBrO sub( 3) was dissolved in drinking water at nominal concentrations of 0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/L and administered to male F344 rats as the sole water source for 12, 26, 52, 78, or 100 wk. Renal cell tumors were present after 52 wk of treatment only in the high-dose group. Mesotheliomas developed after 52 wk of treatment on the tunica vaginalis. Mesotheliomas were present at sites other than the testicle after 78 wk of treatment, indicating that their origin was the testicular tunic. Thyroid follicular tumors were present as early as 26 wk in 1 rat each from the 0.1- and 0.2-g/L groups. The present study can be used as a basis for the determination of dose-time relationships of tumor development for a better understanding of KBrO sub(3)-induced cancer. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Wolf, Douglas C AU - Crosby, Lynn M AU - George, Michael H AU - Kilburn, Steve R AU - Moore, Tanya M AU - Miller, Richard T AU - Deangelo, Anthony B AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 724 EP - 729 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755136334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Time-+and+Dose-Dependent+Development+of+Potassium+Bromate-Induced+Tumors+in+Male+Fischer+344+Rats&rft.au=Wolf%2C+Douglas+C%3BCrosby%2C+Lynn+M%3BGeorge%2C+Michael+H%3BKilburn%2C+Steve+R%3BMoore%2C+Tanya+M%3BMiller%2C+Richard+T%3BDeangelo%2C+Anthony+B&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=724&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339802600602 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339802600602 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Ground Water Rule and implications for disinfection by-products AN - 52442598; 1999-062135 JF - Report - California Water Resources Center AU - Macler, Bruce A2 - DeVries, Johannes J. A2 - Woled, Jeff Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 209 EP - 210 PB - University of California, California Water Resources Center, Davis, CA VL - 95 SN - 0575-4968, 0575-4968 KW - United States KW - chlorine KW - pollutants KW - legislation KW - halogens KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - byproducts KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - Groundwater Rule KW - progress report KW - water treatment KW - bacteria KW - report KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52442598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.atitle=The+Ground+Water+Rule+and+implications+for+disinfection+by-products&rft.au=Macler%2C+Bruce&rft.aulast=Macler&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Report+-+California+Water+Resources+Center&rft.issn=05754968&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Twenty-first biennial conference on Ground water N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - RUCCD8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; byproducts; chlorine; drinking water; government agencies; ground water; Groundwater Rule; halogens; legislation; pollutants; pollution; progress report; report; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation at a marine Superfund site; surficial sediment PCB congener concentration composition, and redistribution AN - 52340718; 2000-050986 JF - Environmental Science & Technology, ES & T AU - Bergen, Barbara J AU - Rahn, Kenneth A AU - Nelson, William G Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 3496 EP - 3501 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 32 IS - 22 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - PCBs KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - dredging KW - Massachusetts KW - agrochemicals KW - sediments KW - New Bedford Massachusetts KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - aroclor KW - estuarine environment KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - Superfund KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - harbors KW - pollution KW - organic compounds KW - Buzzards Bay KW - coastal environment KW - seasonal variations KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52340718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.atitle=Remediation+at+a+marine+Superfund+site%3B+surficial+sediment+PCB+congener+concentration+composition%2C+and+redistribution&rft.au=Bergen%2C+Barbara+J%3BRahn%2C+Kenneth+A%3BNelson%2C+William+G&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=3496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/journals/esthag/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTHAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agrochemicals; aroclor; Buzzards Bay; chlorinated hydrocarbons; coastal environment; concentration; dredging; environmental analysis; estuarine environment; halogenated hydrocarbons; harbors; Massachusetts; monitoring; New Bedford Massachusetts; organic compounds; PCBs; pollutants; pollution; remediation; seasonal variations; sediments; statistical analysis; Superfund; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Permeable reactive barrier for Cr(VI) treatment; from concept to implementation AN - 51740935; 2005-024101 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Blowes, David W AU - Puls, Robert W AU - Ptacek, Carol J AU - Bennett, Timothy A AU - Mayer, K Ulrich AU - Pratt, Allen R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 343 EP - 344 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 79 IS - 45, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - metals KW - North Carolina KW - valency KW - military facilities KW - pore water KW - permeability KW - disposal barriers KW - chromium KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51740935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Permeable+reactive+barrier+for+Cr%28VI%29+treatment%3B+from+concept+to+implementation&rft.au=Blowes%2C+David+W%3BPuls%2C+Robert+W%3BPtacek%2C+Carol+J%3BBennett%2C+Timothy+A%3BMayer%2C+K+Ulrich%3BPratt%2C+Allen+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Blowes&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=45%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1998 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chromium; disposal barriers; metals; military facilities; North Carolina; permeability; pollutants; pollution; pore water; solute transport; United States; valency ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrients transport during bioremediation of oil spills on beaches subjected to freshwater inflow and tides AN - 51738669; 2005-024252 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Boufadel, Michel Chahine AU - Suidan, Makram T AU - Rauch, Christian H AU - Ahn, Chang-Hoon AU - Venosa, Albert D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 373 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 79 IS - 45, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - solute transport KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - tides KW - nutrients KW - beaches KW - organic compounds KW - oil spills KW - hydrocarbons KW - hydrodynamics KW - coastal environment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51738669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Nutrients+transport+during+bioremediation+of+oil+spills+on+beaches+subjected+to+freshwater+inflow+and+tides&rft.au=Boufadel%2C+Michel+Chahine%3BSuidan%2C+Makram+T%3BRauch%2C+Christian+H%3BAhn%2C+Chang-Hoon%3BVenosa%2C+Albert+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Boufadel&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=45%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1998 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beaches; bioremediation; coastal environment; hydrocarbons; hydrodynamics; nutrients; oil spills; organic compounds; pollution; remediation; solute transport; tides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hyporheic flow and transient storage along the upper Willamette River, Oregon AN - 51737138; 2005-024119 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Fernald, Alexander G AU - Wigington, P J, Jr AU - Landers, Dixon H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 347 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 79 IS - 45, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - hydrology KW - currents KW - fluvial currents KW - Doppler effect KW - surface water KW - dye tracers KW - ground water KW - Oregon KW - mixing KW - Willamette River KW - acoustical waves KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51737138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Hyporheic+flow+and+transient+storage+along+the+upper+Willamette+River%2C+Oregon&rft.au=Fernald%2C+Alexander+G%3BWigington%2C+P+J%2C+Jr%3BLanders%2C+Dixon+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fernald&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=45%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1998 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acoustical waves; currents; Doppler effect; dye tracers; fluvial currents; ground water; hydrology; mixing; Oregon; solute transport; surface water; United States; Willamette River ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluvial geomorphology; a subversive science AN - 51737067; 2005-024132 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Dykaar, Bruce B AU - Wigington, P J, Jr AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 348 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 79 IS - 45, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - Oregon KW - human activity KW - floodplains KW - surface water KW - rivers and streams KW - fluvial features KW - ecosystems KW - geomorphology KW - Willamette River KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51737067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Fluvial+geomorphology%3B+a+subversive+science&rft.au=Dykaar%2C+Bruce+B%3BWigington%2C+P+J%2C+Jr%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Dykaar&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=45%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1998 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecosystems; floodplains; fluvial features; geomorphology; human activity; hydrology; Oregon; rivers and streams; surface water; United States; Willamette River ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status and needs of models to design and evaluate final alternative landfill covers AN - 51737002; 2005-024088 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Wilson, Glenn V AU - Gee, Glendon W AU - Albright, William AU - Fayer, Mike J AU - Ogan, Brian AU - Rock, Steve AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 342 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 79 IS - 45, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - numerical models KW - landfills KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - waste disposal KW - disposal barriers KW - design KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51737002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Status+and+needs+of+models+to+design+and+evaluate+final+alternative+landfill+covers&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Glenn+V%3BGee%2C+Glendon+W%3BAlbright%2C+William%3BFayer%2C+Mike+J%3BOgan%2C+Brian%3BRock%2C+Steve%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=45%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1998 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - design; disposal barriers; government agencies; landfills; numerical models; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of physical and chemical heterogeneities of mine waste and their influence on mercury transport at the Sulphur Bank mercury mine AN - 51644179; 2006-006711 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Jewett, David G AU - Lechler, Paul J AU - Manges, Ellen AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 255 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 79 IS - 45, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - mining KW - andesites KW - volcanic rocks KW - igneous rocks KW - Clear Lake KW - characterization KW - metasomatism KW - environmental analysis KW - California KW - Sulphur Bank Mine KW - Clearlake Oaks KW - transport KW - chemical properties KW - open-pit mining KW - hydrothermal alteration KW - heterogeneity KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - mercury ores KW - mines KW - toxic materials KW - waste rock KW - surface mining KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - solubility KW - hydrochemistry KW - physical properties KW - metals KW - metal ores KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51644179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+physical+and+chemical+heterogeneities+of+mine+waste+and+their+influence+on+mercury+transport+at+the+Sulphur+Bank+mercury+mine&rft.au=Jewett%2C+David+G%3BLechler%2C+Paul+J%3BManges%2C+Ellen%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Jewett&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=45%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1998 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - andesites; California; characterization; chemical composition; chemical properties; Clear Lake; Clearlake Oaks; environmental analysis; geochemistry; heterogeneity; hydrochemistry; hydrothermal alteration; igneous rocks; mercury ores; metal ores; metals; metasomatism; mines; mining; open-pit mining; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; solubility; Sulphur Bank Mine; surface mining; surface water; toxic materials; transport; United States; volcanic rocks; waste rock ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of trichloroethylene in soil by cathodic reaction AN - 51635730; 2006-013434 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Al-Abed, Souhail R AU - Bryndzia, L Taras AU - Chen, Jiann-Long AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 331 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 79 IS - 45, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - soils KW - electro-osmosis KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - dehalogenation KW - pollution KW - electrokinetics KW - remediation KW - organic compounds KW - chemical reactions KW - dechlorination KW - chemical properties KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - trichloroethylene KW - kinetics KW - pH KW - Eh KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51635730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+trichloroethylene+in+soil+by+cathodic+reaction&rft.au=Al-Abed%2C+Souhail+R%3BBryndzia%2C+L+Taras%3BChen%2C+Jiann-Long%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Al-Abed&rft.aufirst=Souhail&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=45%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - America Geophysical Union, 1998 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical properties; chemical reactions; chlorinated hydrocarbons; dechlorination; degradation; dehalogenation; Eh; electro-osmosis; electrokinetics; halogenated hydrocarbons; kinetics; organic compounds; oxidation; pH; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soils; trichloroethylene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of MTBE relative to benzene in a gasoline-contaminated aquifer (1993-98) AN - 51211815; 2000-025153 JF - Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation AU - Landmeyer, James E AU - Chapelle, Francis H AU - Bradley, Paul M AU - Pankow, James F AU - Church, Clinton D AU - Tratnyek, Paul G Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 93 EP - 102 PB - Ground Water Publishing Co., Dublin, OH VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1069-3629, 1069-3629 KW - United States KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - contaminant plumes KW - Beaufort County South Carolina KW - South Carolina KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - Port Royal Sound KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - concentration KW - biodegradation KW - pollutants KW - gasoline KW - pollution KW - petroleum products KW - BTEX KW - benzene KW - aquifers KW - water table KW - recharge KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - infiltration KW - hydrocarbons KW - shallow aquifers KW - transformations KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - microorganisms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51211815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.atitle=Fate+of+MTBE+relative+to+benzene+in+a+gasoline-contaminated+aquifer+%281993-98%29&rft.au=Landmeyer%2C+James+E%3BChapelle%2C+Francis+H%3BBradley%2C+Paul+M%3BPankow%2C+James+F%3BChurch%2C+Clinton+D%3BTratnyek%2C+Paul+G&rft.aulast=Landmeyer&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.issn=10693629&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-6592 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Beaufort County South Carolina; benzene; biodegradation; BTEX; concentration; contaminant plumes; detection; environmental analysis; gasoline; ground water; hydrocarbons; infiltration; microorganisms; organic compounds; petroleum products; pollutants; pollution; Port Royal Sound; recharge; shallow aquifers; South Carolina; transformations; United States; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of sea floor radiation, Farallon Island radioactive waste dump; application of science to public policy AN - 50512671; 2009-022974 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Karl, Herman A AU - Jones, David AU - Roberts, Philip AU - Hall, Robert K AU - Howard, Dan AU - Chin, John L AU - Shanks, Wayne C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - November 1998 SP - 517 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 79 IS - 45, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - geologic hazards KW - isotopes KW - video methods KW - public policy KW - mapping KW - radioactive waste KW - California KW - San Francisco County California KW - Farallon Islands KW - acoustical methods KW - shallow depth KW - marine sediments KW - San Francisco Bay KW - radioactive isotopes KW - cesium KW - sediments KW - ocean floors KW - human activity KW - geophysical methods KW - alkali metals KW - Cs-137 KW - metals KW - marine methods KW - waste disposal KW - sonar methods KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50512671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+sea+floor+radiation%2C+Farallon+Island+radioactive+waste+dump%3B+application+of+science+to+public+policy&rft.au=Karl%2C+Herman+A%3BJones%2C+David%3BRoberts%2C+Philip%3BHall%2C+Robert+K%3BHoward%2C+Dan%3BChin%2C+John+L%3BShanks%2C+Wayne+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Karl&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=45%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union, 1998 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acoustical methods; alkali metals; California; cesium; Cs-137; Farallon Islands; geologic hazards; geophysical methods; human activity; isotopes; mapping; marine methods; marine sediments; metals; ocean floors; public policy; radioactive isotopes; radioactive waste; San Francisco Bay; San Francisco County California; sediments; shallow depth; sonar methods; United States; video methods; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships between dioxins in soil, air, ash, and emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator emitting large amounts of dioxins AN - 17451144; 4664915 AB - The Columbus Municipal Waste-to-Energy (Columbus WTE) facility in Columbus, Ohio, began operation in June, 1983 and ceased operation in December, 1994. During its operation, it was estimated to have released nearly 1,000 grams of dioxin Toxic Equivalents (TEQs) per year. This compares to a 1994 estimate of 9,300 g TEQ/yr from all sources emitting dioxins into the air in the United States (EPA, 1994), and to total releases of dioxins near or below 1,000 grams TEQ/yr for England (Eduljee and Keyke, 1996), Belgium (Wevers and De Fre, 1995), and West Germany (Fiedler and Hutzinger, 1992). Because of the magnitude of emissions from this single source, studies were undertaken to evaluate the impacts to air and soil near the incinerator. This paper presents analyses evaluating dioxin concentrations and profiles in four media: stack gas, ambient air within 3 km of the incinerator, soil samples up to 8 km from the incinerator, and incinerator ash. Principal findings include: 1) an "incinerator signature" profile, as defined by stack gas emissions, was found in the ash and in subsets of the air and soil matrices, 2) soil concentrations declined from directly outside the incinerator property to the city at large, 3) an urban background soil concentration of dioxin Toxic Equivalents (TEQs) was estimated at 4 pg/g, while concentrations generally within 2 km of the incinerator ranged from 4-60 pg TEQ/g, 4) an urban background air concentration was estimated at 0.05 pg TEQ/m super(3), while air concentrations at a specific location about 2 km in the downwind direction of the incinerator had concentrations of 0.17 and 0.35 pg TEQ/m super(3) during two sampling dates, 5) analysis of the soil monitoring data in combination with the stack test data suggests that less than 2% of emitted dioxins can be found in the soil near the incinerator, and 6) principal component analysis suggests that the fraction of total concentration of OCDD is the single feature explaining most of the variation of all concentration profiles. This paper discusses these and other findings, and their implications. JF - Chemosphere AU - Lorber, M AU - Pinsky, P AU - Gehring, P AU - Braverman, C AU - Winters, D AU - Sovocool, W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (8623), 401 M St, SW, Washington, D.C. 20460, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 2173 EP - 2197 VL - 37 IS - 9-12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - USA, Ohio, Columbus KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Ash KW - Soil contamination KW - Municipal solid wastes KW - Air pollution KW - Emissions KW - Incinerators KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17451144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+dioxins+in+soil%2C+air%2C+ash%2C+and+emissions+from+a+municipal+solid+waste+incinerator+emitting+large+amounts+of+dioxins&rft.au=Lorber%2C+M%3BPinsky%2C+P%3BGehring%2C+P%3BBraverman%2C+C%3BWinters%2C+D%3BSovocool%2C+W&rft.aulast=Lorber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=9-12&rft.spage=2173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Chlorinated Dioxins and related Compounds 1996. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Municipal solid wastes; Incinerators; Soil contamination; Air pollution; Ash; Emissions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoinduction of UV-absorbing compounds in six species of marine phytoplankton AN - 17386556; 4603809 AB - High fluence PAR (photosynthetically active radiation, 400-700 nm), UV-A (320-400 nm), and UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation were tested for their ability to stimulate the production of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in 6 diverse species of marine phytoplankton. Dunaliella tertiolecta, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Pyramimonas parkeae, Pavlova gyrans and Isochrysis sp. were grown under (1) low fluence PAR (LL, 25 to 75 mu mol photons m super(-2) s super(-1)), (2) high fluence PAR (HL, 255 to 290 mu mol photons m super(-2) s super(-1)), (3) PAR+UV-A (240 to 268 mu mol photons m super(-2) s super(-1) and 4910 mW m super(-2), respectively) and (4) PAR+UV-A+UV-B (103, 216, or 304 mW m super(-2) weighted UV-B). Amphidinium carterae was grown under similar conditions in LL but reduced levels of PAR and UV radiation were used in the other treatments. UV-B supplementation caused a significant depression (23-57%) in the chl a-specific growth rate of all species except P. gyrans, which received the second lowest UV-B dose. The quantum yield of fluorescence for photosystem II declined by 4-17% with exposure to UV-A and/or UV-A+UV-B. The 2 prymnesiophytes exhibited the highest and the dinoflagellate the lowest resistance to UV-B radiation. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Hannach, G AU - Sigleo, A C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, 2111 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA, sigleo.anne@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 207 EP - 222 PB - Inter-Research VL - 174 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - amino acids KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Amino acids KW - Pavlova gyrans KW - Light stimuli KW - Phytoplankton KW - Pyramimonas parkeae KW - Thalassiosira weissflogii KW - Light absorption KW - U.V. radiation KW - Isochrysis KW - Dunaliella tertiolecta KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Marine organisms KW - K 03009:Algae KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - D 04627:Algae/lichens UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17386556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Photoinduction+of+UV-absorbing+compounds+in+six+species+of+marine+phytoplankton&rft.au=Hannach%2C+G%3BSigleo%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Hannach&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dunaliella tertiolecta; Thalassiosira weissflogii; Pyramimonas parkeae; Pavlova gyrans; Isochrysis; Phytoplankton; Amino acids; Light absorption; Ultraviolet radiation; Light stimuli; U.V. radiation; Marine organisms; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influences of natural acidity and introduced fish on faunal assemblages in California alpine lakes AN - 17217669; 4499427 AB - In an alpine area of the Sierra Nevada of California, naturally acidic waters and introduced fishes both strongly affect the distributions of native amphibians, zooplankton, and macroinvertebrates. The study area in Kings Canyon National Park contains 104 lakes with pH values between 5.0 and 9.3, including 10 lakes with pH < 6.0 (defined here as acidic lakes) and 18 lakes with introduced trout. We surveyed 33 of these lakes (8 acidic, 7 non-acidic with trout, 18 non-acidic without trout) for water chemistry and faunal assemblages. Yellow-legged frog tadpoles (Rana muscosa), common microcrustaceans (Daphnia, Hesperodiaptomus, Diaptomus), and larvae of a caddisfly (Hesperophylax) were rare or absent in acidic lakes but common in non-acidic lakes, and microcrustacean and macroinvertebrate species richness decreased with decreasing pH. Large and (or) mobile, conspicuous taxa, including tadpoles, large-bodied microcrustaceans (Hesperodiaptomus, Daphnia middendorffiana), and many epibenthic or limnetic macroinvertebrates (baetid and siphlonurid mayfly nymphs, notonectids, corixids, limnephilid caddis larvae, and dytiscid beetles), were rare or absent in trout lakes but were relatively common in lakes lacking trout, and the taxon richness of macroinvertebrates was reduced by trout. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Bradford, D F AU - Cooper, S D AU - Jenkins, TM Jr AU - Kratz, K AU - Sarnelle, O AU - Brown, AD AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA, Bradford.Davidpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 2478 EP - 2491 VL - 55 IS - 11 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - USA, California KW - USA, California, Sierra Nevada Mts. KW - introduced species KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecological distribution KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Lakes KW - Acidity KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - Zooplankton KW - Amphibians KW - Alpine regions KW - Larvae KW - Surveys KW - Macrofauna KW - Mountain lakes KW - Trout KW - Introduced species KW - Alpine environments KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17217669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Influences+of+natural+acidity+and+introduced+fish+on+faunal+assemblages+in+California+alpine+lakes&rft.au=Bradford%2C+D+F%3BCooper%2C+S+D%3BJenkins%2C+TM+Jr%3BKratz%2C+K%3BSarnelle%2C+O%3BBrown%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2478&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lakes; Ecological distribution; Amphibians; Zooplankton; Larvae; Surveys; Macrofauna; Acidity; Introduced species; Alpine environments; pH effects; pH; Hydrogen ion concentration; Trout; Alpine regions; Macroinvertebrates; Mountain lakes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Response of Tadpoles to Conspecific and Heterospecific Alarm AN - 17208883; 4498352 AB - Many organisms use chemical cues from a variety of sources to mediate predator avoidance. Response to heterospecific alarm cues has been demonstrated for tadpoles within but not among taxa and alarm response behavior has seldom been examined under field conditions. This study examined the response of three sympatric amphibian larvae and predaceous larval Dytiscus sp. (diving beetle) to damage-release signals in natural ponds by using capture rates from treated funnel traps as an index of larval behavior. Hyla regilla (Pacific tree frog) tadpoles avoided traps treated with either crushed conspecifics or with Rana aurora (red-legged frog) tadpoles but the larger ranids and Ambystoma macrodactylum (long-toed salamander) did not respond to either treatment. H. regilla tadpoles were likely susceptible to any potential predators of ranid tadpoles in these ponds and this result is consistent with the hypothesis that a response to heterospecific alarm occurs in sympatric prey with shared predators. JF - Ethology AU - Adams, MJ AU - Claeson, S AD - USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, mjadams@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 955 EP - 961 VL - 104 IS - 11 SN - 0179-1613, 0179-1613 KW - Amphibians KW - larvae KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Amphibia KW - Anti-predator behavior KW - Alarm behavior KW - Ponds KW - Y 25504:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) KW - D 04669:Amphibians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17208883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethology&rft.atitle=Field+Response+of+Tadpoles+to+Conspecific+and+Heterospecific+Alarm&rft.au=Adams%2C+MJ%3BClaeson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=955&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ethology&rft.issn=01791613&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amphibia; Anti-predator behavior; Alarm behavior; Ponds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of hydroxyl radical activity in a soil slurry using the spin trap alpha -(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone AN - 17192165; 4480236 AB - The spin trap compound alpha -(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)N-tert-butylnitrone (4-POBN) served as a probe to estimate the activity of Fenton-derived hydroxyl radicals in a batch suspension comprised of silica sand and crushed goethite ore. The rate of probe disappearance was used to analyze system kinetics and oxidation efficiency under heterogeneous, Fenton-driven conditions. The \m\OH-(4-POBN) adduct produced by the reaction of 4-POBN with OH radical was observed via electron paramagnetic resonance to confirm the mechanism of 4-POBN transformation. The disappearance of 4-POBN with OH radical in the sand/goethite slurry amended with H sub(2)O sub(2) (150 mM) was first-order in 4-POBN. Under the conditions of this experiments, the effective steady-state OH radical concentration ([OH radical] sub(ss)) was estimated at 1.2 x 10 super(-15) and 6.5 x 10 super(-16) M, when 4-POBN was initially present at 700 and 1440 mu M, respectively. Observed kinetics were in qualitative agreement with a conceptual model in which H sub(2)O sub(2) is consumed in both Fenton and non-Fenton reactions and 4-POBN competes with other slurry constituents for OH radical. Reaction of H sub(2)O sub(2) with OH radical was an appreciable sink for OH radical, but the reaction did not contribute significantly to H sub(2)O sub(2) depletion. Nonproductive reactions involving H sub(2)O sub(2) (those that did not contribute to OH radical production) represented a significant source of overall reaction inefficiency, as defined. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Huling, S G AU - Arnold, R G AU - Sierka, R A AU - Miller, M R AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management and Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA, Huling.ScottPA.GOV Y1 - 1998/11/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Nov 01 SP - 3436 EP - 3441 VL - 32 IS - 21 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil types KW - Suspension KW - Experimental data KW - Estimating KW - Probes KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - Soil KW - Measuring methods KW - Kinetics KW - Slurries KW - Oxidation KW - Hydroxyl radical KW - Organic compounds KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17192165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+hydroxyl+radical+activity+in+a+soil+slurry+using+the+spin+trap+alpha+-%284-pyridyl-1-oxide%29-N-tert-butylnitrone&rft.au=Huling%2C+S+G%3BArnold%2C+R+G%3BSierka%2C+R+A%3BMiller%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Huling&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=3436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil types; Soil; Measuring methods; Slurries; Kinetics; Oxidation; Organic compounds; Hydroxyl radicals; Suspension; Experimental data; Estimating; Probes; Hydroxyl radical ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Percutaneous Absorption and Disposition of [C]Chlordecone in Young and Adult Female Rats AN - 17170962; 4460212 AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of age and dosage on percutaneous absorption and disposition of [ super(14)C]chlordecone (Kepone) and to describe results using a physiological based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Female Fischer 344 rats 33 and 82 days old were used as the young and adult animal models, respectively, and were studied over a 10-fold dose range. [ super(14)C]Chlordecone (0.286 mu mol/cm super(2)) was applied to dorsal skin (2.3% BSA) and radioactivity was quantified in selected tissues and excreta up to 120 h. Absorption and disposition were also determined at three dose levels up to 2.68 mu mol/cm super(2); fraction absorbed decreased as dose increased. In vitro percutaneous absorption was measured by static and flow-through methods; these yielded similar penetration rates, which were lower than those obtained in vivo. In vivo percutaneous absorption over 120 h was 14.4 plus or minus 0.99 and 14.2 plus or minus 1.5% dose in young and adults, respectively. Organ and tissue content increased over time (carcass>liver>kidney), indicating prolonged absorption. Statistical differences between young and old were found for liver, skin, and urine, but not for absorption. Excretion occurred primarily in feces, but also in urine. A biophysically based percutaneous model was fitted to both young and adult in vivo absorption data. This was embedded in a whole body PBPK model which, upon optimization with SAAM II, estimated apparent tissue partition coefficients, urinary and fecal excretion rates, and parameters characterizing hepatic nonlinear uptake of bound chlordecone. The model reasonably predicted tissue chlordecone content at higher doses, when decreased absorption was accounted for. JF - Environmental Research AU - Heatherington, A C AU - Fisher, H L AU - Sumler, M R AU - Waller, CL AU - Shah, P V AU - Hall, L L AD - U.S. EPA (MD-74), PKB/ETD/ NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 138 EP - 155 PB - Academic Press VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - absorption KW - disposition KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Skin KW - Pesticides KW - Chlordecone KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17170962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Percutaneous+Absorption+and+Disposition+of+%5BC%5DChlordecone+in+Young+and+Adult+Female+Rats&rft.au=Heatherington%2C+A+C%3BFisher%2C+H+L%3BSumler%2C+M+R%3BWaller%2C+CL%3BShah%2C+P+V%3BHall%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Heatherington&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Chlordecone; Skin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alien plant species composition and associations with anthropogenic disturbance in North American forests AN - 17144831; 4445602 AB - A probability-based sampling scheme was used to survey plant species composition in forests of 16 states in seven geopolitical regions of the United States (California, Colorado, Minnesota, and parts of the Pacific Northwest, Southeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Northeast) in 1994. The proportion of alien species relative to the total species number and to canopy cover in the ground stratum (0-0.6 m height) was evaluated in 279 plots. Visually evident anthropogenic disturbances (e.g., artificial regeneration, logging, prescribed burning, and grazing by livestock), if any, were recorded on each plot. In each of the seven regions we quantified (1) the percentage of the number of species and total cover comprised of alien species, (2) the difference in these percentages for disturbed and undisturbed plots, and (3) the origin or native range for the alien species. The percentage of alien species ranged from approximately 4.5% (Colorado) to approximately 13.2% (California). The percentage of alien species cover ranged from approximately 1.5% in Colorado to 25% in California. In five regions, species introduced from temperate Eurasia comprised the largest proportion of alien species and cover. In the Southeast, species introduced from far eastern and subtropical Asia dominated the alien flora. In the Mid-Atlantic, the majority of alien species was Eurasian and the majority of alien species cover consisted of far eastern and subtropical Asian species. The proportion of plots in which at least one alien species was recorded was significantly higher in disturbed than undisturbed plots in the Southeast and marginally significantly higher (p = 0.053) in the Northeast. These results are consistent with other published studies that indicate that anthropogenic disturbance affects the structure and composition of both the ground stratum and upper canopy of forest habitats. In other regions, however, no significant differences were found. JF - Plant Ecology AU - Stapanian, MA AU - Sundberg, S D AU - Baumgardner, G A AU - Liston, A AD - U.S.D.I Bureau of Land Management, c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 49 EP - 62 VL - 139 IS - 1 SN - 1385-0237, 1385-0237 KW - USA KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forests KW - Species composition KW - Disturbance KW - Introduced species KW - Human impact KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17144831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Ecology&rft.atitle=Alien+plant+species+composition+and+associations+with+anthropogenic+disturbance+in+North+American+forests&rft.au=Stapanian%2C+MA%3BSundberg%2C+S+D%3BBaumgardner%2C+G+A%3BListon%2C+A&rft.aulast=Stapanian&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Ecology&rft.issn=13850237&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Introduced species; Forests; Human impact; Disturbance; Species composition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1998 Equivalence of sensory responses to single and mixed volatile organic compounds at equimolar concentrations AN - 17144110; 4442847 AB - Exposure to low levels of chemicals indoors is often to a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It is of interest to determine if the symptomatic and sensory responses can be attributed to a single chemical or to a mixture of chemicals. To determine if sensory or symptomatic responses differ with exposure to single or mixed VOCs, 100 female subjects participated in a 6-hr exposure study. Subjects were exposed to one of six equimolar concentrations equivalent to 24 mg/m super(3) toluene, control, m-xylene, n-butyl acetate, m-xylene plus n-butyl acetate, a mixture of 21 chemicals including n-butyl acetate and m-xylene, and to the same mixture of chemicals without n-butyl acetate and m-xylene (19 chemicals). The results indicated that there was no difference in reporting of symptoms or sensory responses between the exposures. When the control group was added, some variables, primarily odor intensity and nasal irritation, attained significance. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Prah, J D AU - Case, M W AU - Goldstein, G M AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Human Studies Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 739 EP - 744 VL - 106 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - females KW - man KW - mixtures KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Volatiles KW - Organic compounds KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17144110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=1998+Equivalence+of+sensory+responses+to+single+and+mixed+volatile+organic+compounds+at+equimolar+concentrations&rft.au=Prah%2C+J+D%3BCase%2C+M+W%3BGoldstein%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Prah&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Volatiles; Organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intercomparison of radon and decay product measurements in an underground mine and EPA radon laboratory: A study organized by the IAEA International Radon Metrology Programme AN - 17137426; 4435695 AB - The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna and the European Union (EU) in Bruxelles formed the "International Radon Metrology Programme" (IRMP, scientific secretary: F. Steinhaeusler, University of Salzburg, Austria). The IRMP is designed to assess and foster the improvement of radon and decay product measurements that are made around the world. Within the framework of the IRMP, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Radiation and Indoor Environments National Laboratory (EPA) in Las Vegas, Nevada, organized jointly with the U.S. Bureau of Mines an international intercomparison exercise at a former uranium mine (Twilight Mine, Colorado) and the EPA Radon Laboratory. The main objective of this exercise was to compare radon and radon decay product instruments under both well-controlled as well as widely fluctuating exposure conditions. The laboratory exposures occurred under relatively steady radon and decay product conditions, with a moderate equilibrium ratio, while the conditions in the mine fluctuated greatly and the equilibrium ratio was low. An additional purpose of the exercise was to provide a forum for manufacturers and measurement organizations worldwide to exchange information and plan improvements in their operations and calibration programs. Altogether 19 organizations from seven countries intercomparing 32 different radon and radon decay product instruments participated in this exercise. This paper summarizes the results from the analysis of the experimental data obtained in the Bureau of Mines Twilight Mine in July of 1994, as well as the results from the EPA Randon laboratory in August of 1994. JF - Health Physics AU - Budd, G AU - Hopper, R AU - Braganza, E AU - Ronca-Battista, M AU - Steinhaeusler, F AU - Stegner, P AD - Center for Indoor Environments, EPA Radiation and Indoor Environments National Laboratory, PO Box 98517, Las Vegas, NV 89193-8517, USA Y1 - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DA - Nov 1998 SP - 465 EP - 474 VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Measuring instruments KW - Public health KW - Laboratory methods KW - Occupational exposure KW - Radon KW - Quality control KW - Radiation measurements KW - Mining KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17137426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Physics&rft.atitle=Intercomparison+of+radon+and+decay+product+measurements+in+an+underground+mine+and+EPA+radon+laboratory%3A+A+study+organized+by+the+IAEA+International+Radon+Metrology+Programme&rft.au=Budd%2C+G%3BHopper%2C+R%3BBraganza%2C+E%3BRonca-Battista%2C+M%3BSteinhaeusler%2C+F%3BStegner%2C+P&rft.aulast=Budd&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; Radiation measurements; Laboratory methods; Occupational exposure; Radon; Measuring instruments; Public health; Mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption kinetics of PAHs in methanol-water systems AN - 17120939; 4431661 AB - The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationships between the equilibrium sorption constant (K sub(p)), the first-order desorption rate coefficient (k sub(2)), and the volumetric fraction of water miscible solvent (f sub(c)); and to utilize SPARC-calculated (SPARC Performs Automatic Reasoning in Chemistry) solubility and partitioning parameters with empirical measurements for a priori prediction of solute sorption kinetics in aqueous and mixed solvent systems. Soil column miscible displacement experiments were performed using naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene over an f sub(c) range from 0.0 to 0.8. Data from the miscible displacement studies were analyzed using a two-domain first-order mass transfer model to obtain K sub(p) and k sub(2). Results corroborated and extended the range of the validity of the log-log linear relationship between k sub(2) and K sub(p) and log-linear relationship between k sub(2) and f sub(c) for mixed solvent systems. In addition, the slope of the log k sub(2)-log K sub(p) relationship was found to be relatively solute independent. Predicted values of k sub(2) in aqueous systems agreed well with experimentally measured values, thus, indicating the general applicability of the predictive approaches for predicting the sorption kinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Bouchard, D C AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA, bouchard.dermontpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/10/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 15 SP - 107 EP - 120 VL - 34 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - benzo(a)pyrene KW - methanol KW - phenanthrene KW - pyrene KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sorption KW - Anthracene KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Soil columns KW - Desorption KW - Contamination KW - Solvents KW - Naphthalene KW - Chemical reactions KW - Solute transport KW - Kinetics KW - Hydrology KW - Waste disposal KW - Organic compounds KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17120939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Sorption+kinetics+of+PAHs+in+methanol-water+systems&rft.au=Bouchard%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Bouchard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-10-15&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthracene; Sorption; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Desorption; Contamination; Chemical reactions; Kinetics; Solvents; Naphthalene; Hydrology; Organic compounds; Waste disposal; Soil columns; Solute transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of PCR-detectable Bacteroides distasonis from human feces in river water. AN - 73964484; 9758854 AB - To evaluate the persistence of PCR-detectable Bacteroides distasonis in surface water, whole human feces were dispersed into water from the Ohio River and incubated in flasks in the laboratory or in diffusion chambers in situ. Duplicate samples were taken daily, and material that pelleted at 16,000 x g was assayed by PCR. Persistence of PCR-detectable DNA from this anaerobe depended upon temperature and predation, two of the factors shown by others to influence the survival of aerobic bacteria detected by culture. B. distasonis was detected by PCR for at least 2 weeks at 4 degrees C but for only 4 to 5 days at 14 degrees C, 1 to 2 days at 24 degrees C, and 1 day at 30 degrees C. In filtered water or in the presence of cycloheximide, a eukaryotic inhibitor, persistence at 24 degrees C was extended by at least a week. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Kreader, C A AD - Microbiological and Chemical Exposure Assessment Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. ckreader@notesgw.sial.com Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 4103 EP - 4105 VL - 64 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Temperature KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Ohio KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Water Pollution KW - Bacteroides -- genetics KW - Fresh Water -- microbiology KW - Bacteroides -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73964484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+PCR-detectable+Bacteroides+distasonis+from+human+feces+in+river+water.&rft.au=Kreader%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Kreader&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Microbiol. 1972 Nov;24(5):805-11 [4565639] Am J Clin Nutr. 1977 Nov;30(11):1762-9 [920635] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Jan;49(1):148-50 [3919638] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Aug;50(2):468-76 [3901921] Arch Microbiol. 1988;150(4):320-5 [3060035] J Appl Microbiol. 1997 Apr;82(4):507-10 [9134724] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Mar;58(3):998-1004 [1575503] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3513-5 [8250575] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Apr;61(4):1171-9 [7538270] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Apr;61(4):1201-7 [7538271] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Mar;62(3):1102-6 [8975603] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Dec;54(12):2902-7 [3066291] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Altered growth and metabolism of an estuarine shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) during and after metamorphosis onto fenvalerate-laden sediment. AN - 73873555; 9732478 AB - Dry weight (W), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and energy (E) (calculated) accumulation were measured in the estuarine grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, throughout larval development and during the first 2 weeks as postlarvae in seawater over sediment containing the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate (SCF; nominal concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 microgram fenvalerate kg-1 sediment). The influence of fenvalerate-laden sediment on shrimp growth and utilization patterns of C, N, and E was dependent on fenvalerate concentration, age of shrimp, and whether shrimp were premetamorphic or postmetamorphic in development. The fenvalerate concentration in the sediment, which ultimately inhibited larval metamorphosis (100 microgram fenvalerate kg-1 sediment), significantly reduced W accumulation in developing larvae and in postlarvae growing on the sediment for an equivalent time. Accumulation of C, N, and E varied not only with concentration of SCF, but differed between pelagic larvae developing in water above SCF and newly settled postlarvae growing in direct contact with SCF. Larvae developing above >/=10 microgram kg-1 SCF contained significantly less N, while postlarval shrimp settling onto >/=10 microgram kg-1 SCF accumulated significantly less C and E. Measurable variations in growth and energy reserves of toxicant-sensitive life stages in response to environmentally realistic insecticide exposures have a direct link to ecological consequences of toxic stress and may be useful as biomarkers to diagnose early damage in estuarine populations. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - McKenney, C L AU - Weber, D E AU - Celestial, D M AU - MacGregor, M A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561-5299, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 464 EP - 471 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Nitriles KW - Pyrethrins KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - fenvalerate KW - Z6MXZ39302 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Seawater -- chemistry KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Decapoda (Crustacea) -- growth & development KW - Geologic Sediments -- chemistry KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Decapoda (Crustacea) -- metabolism KW - Metamorphosis, Biological -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73873555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Altered+growth+and+metabolism+of+an+estuarine+shrimp+%28Palaemonetes+pugio%29+during+and+after+metamorphosis+onto+fenvalerate-laden+sediment.&rft.au=McKenney%2C+C+L%3BWeber%2C+D+E%3BCelestial%2C+D+M%3BMacGregor%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=McKenney&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral thermoregulatory response to maitotoxin in mice. AN - 73853310; 9723833 AB - Many types of marine algal toxins induce marked hypothermic responses in mice. However, it is not known if the thermoregulatory response to these toxins results from dysfunction in the control of core temperature (Tc) or is a coordinated response to lower Tc as occurs with a variety of xenobiotic insults. Female CD-1 mice were administered purified maitotoxin (338 ng/kg; IP) and placed in a temperature gradient for 5 h that permitted the selection of ambient temperatures (Ta) ranging between 15 and 37 degrees C. Tc was monitored simultaneously by radiotelemetric probes that were surgically implanted into the abdominal cavity at least one week before maitotoxin injection. Maitotoxin led to a rapid reduction in Tc from 37 to 34 degrees C within 30 min after injection. There was a simultaneous 4 degrees C reduction in Ta selected by mice within 15 min after injection. Selected Ta recovered rapidly, increased above baseline for approximately one hour, then remained near baseline levels for the remainder of the test period in the gradient. Tc remained approximately 1 to 2 degrees C below control levels throughout the test period. In the temperature gradient, mice can select Ta's warm enough to offset the hypothermic effects of maitotoxin. That cooler Ta's are selected initially after maitotoxin injection suggest that the central neural control of body temperature is affected by the toxin. We postulate that the hypothermic response may represent an adaptive response to enhance survival following exposure to polyether toxins. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Yang, Y AU - Ramsdell, J S AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 1341 EP - 1347 VL - 36 IS - 10 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Oxocins KW - maitotoxin KW - 9P59GES78D KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Telemetry KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Body Temperature -- physiology KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Hypothermia -- physiopathology KW - Adaptation, Physiological -- physiology KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- physiology KW - Hypothermia -- chemically induced KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Marine Toxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73853310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+thermoregulatory+response+to+maitotoxin+in+mice.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BYang%2C+Y%3BRamsdell%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sample timing and mathematical considerations for modeling breath elimination of volatile organic compounds. AN - 70117990; 9853394 AB - Real-world exposure measurements are a necessary ingredient for subsequent detailed study of the risks from an environmental pollutant. For volatile organic compounds, researchers are applying exhaled breath analysis and the time dependence of concentrations as a noninvasive indicator of exposure, dose, and blood levels. To optimize the acquisition of such data, samples must be collected in a time frame suited to the needs of the mathematical model, within physical limitations of the equipment and subjects, and within logistical constraints. Additionally, one must consider the impact of measurement error on the eventual extraction of biologically and physiologically relevant parameters. Given a particular mathematical model for the elimination kinetics (in this case a very simple pharmacokinetic model based upon a multiterm exponential decay function that has been shown to fit real-world data extremely well), we investigated the effects on synthetic data caused by sample timing, random measurement error, and number of terms included in the model. This information generated a series of conditions for collecting samples and performing analyses dependent upon the eventual informational needs, and it provided an estimate of error associated with various choices and compromises. Though the work was geared specifically toward breath sampling, it is equally applicable to direct blood measurements in optimizing sampling strategy and improving the exposure assessment process. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Pleil, J D AU - Lindstrom, A B AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 585 EP - 602 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Time Factors KW - Risk Assessment KW - Mathematics KW - Air Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Breath Tests -- methods KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70117990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Sample+timing+and+mathematical+considerations+for+modeling+breath+elimination+of+volatile+organic+compounds.&rft.au=Pleil%2C+J+D%3BLindstrom%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Pleil&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - delta (super 13) C values of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from two creosote-contaminated sites AN - 52537681; 1999-002963 AB - Groundwaters were sampled on two dates from several wells at each of two creosote-contaminated waste sites in Florida. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extracted from the groundwaters, and their individual concentrations were measured by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The delta (super 13) C values of the PAHs were then determined by gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/ITMS/IRMS). At the American Creosote Works (ACW) in Pensacola, concentrations of PAHs were found to decrease by over four orders-of-magnitude, both with increasing depth and with increasing distance from the most contaminated area. At a wood-preserving facility in Gainesville, concentrations were also found to decrease with increasing distance from the most contaminated area. At the ACW site, delta (super 13) C values of individual PAHs ranged from -20.09 per mil to -32.94 per mil, although the majority of compounds fell in a tighter range between -22.66 per mil and -25.31 per mil. The delta (super 13) C values of over 75% of the PAHs remained constant across all wells, both with migration of the contaminant plume and over a 3-month time period. The compounds that showed the highest variability among the wells were anthracene; the heterocyclic compounds thianaphthene, dibenzothiophene, and carbazole; and the lighter PAHs naphthalene, biphenyl, and 2-methylnaphthalene. Variability of these compounds is likely the result of variations in delta (super 13) C values among different creosotes added to the sites over many years. The other compounds measured were conserved across the wells and would serve as good tracers of a contaminant plume in bioremediation settings. At the Gainesville site, delta (super 13) C values of individual PAHs ranged from -18.87 per mil to -27.05 per mil, with 70% of the values falling between -22.06 per mil and -24.53 per mil. This range is very similar to the values for PAHs at the ACW site. Comparing delta (super 13) C values of specific PAHs between the two creosote-contaminated sites, 12 of 16 compounds agreed within 1.0per mil. This indicates that, although there are a few compounds that may be variable across different creosotes, there may be a suite of delta (super 13) C values that is conserved across PAHs of creosote origin. These characteristic PAHs could be used to determine whether or not creosote is contributing to the PAH contamination at a site. In addition, the compounds that are variable between different creosotes could be used as tracers of individual creosotes at polluted sites and to differentiate between possible creosote sources. JF - Chemical Geology AU - Hammer, Beth Trust AU - Kelley, Cheryl A AU - Coffin, Richard B AU - Cifuentes, Luis A AU - Mueller, James G A2 - Macko, Stephen A. A2 - Engel, Michael H. A2 - Freeman, Katherine Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 43 EP - 58 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 152 IS - 1-2 SN - 0009-2541, 0009-2541 KW - United States KW - contaminant plumes KW - isotopes KW - creosote KW - gas chromatograms KW - Pensacola Florida KW - mass spectra KW - Florida KW - stable isotopes KW - Gainesville Florida KW - ground water KW - transport KW - carbon KW - spectra KW - Alachua County Florida KW - geochemistry KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - concentration KW - pollutants KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - pollution KW - Escambia County Florida KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - hydrochemistry KW - aquifers KW - case studies KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - waste disposal KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52537681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Geology&rft.atitle=delta+%28super+13%29+C+values+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+collected+from+two+creosote-contaminated+sites&rft.au=Hammer%2C+Beth+Trust%3BKelley%2C+Cheryl+A%3BCoffin%2C+Richard+B%3BCifuentes%2C+Luis+A%3BMueller%2C+James+G&rft.aulast=Hammer&rft.aufirst=Beth&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Geology&rft.issn=00092541&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0009-2541%2898%2900095-3 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00092541 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1995 annual meeting , symposium on Variability of isotope compositions in modern and fossil organic matter N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CHGEAD N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alachua County Florida; aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; Atlantic Coastal Plain; C-13/C-12; carbon; case studies; concentration; contaminant plumes; creosote; Escambia County Florida; Florida; Gainesville Florida; gas chromatograms; geochemistry; ground water; Gulf Coastal Plain; hydrocarbons; hydrochemistry; isotope ratios; isotopes; mass spectra; organic compounds; Pensacola Florida; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; spectra; stable isotopes; transport; United States; waste disposal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00095-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2D variably saturated flows; physical scaling and Bayesian estimation AN - 52504832; 1999-022234 AB - A novel dimensionless formulation for water flow in two-dimensional variably saturated media is presented. It shows that scaling physical systems requires conservation of the ratio between capillary forces and gravity forces. A direct result of this finding is that for two physical systems to be hydraulically similar, the soil in the smaller system has to be coarser than the soil in the larger system. The new formulation is implemented in a finite-element model that compared favorably with published numerical results with a minimal mass balance error. Bayesian estimation using prior physical information was used to fit the model to experimental data that simulated tidal action in a laboratory beach. Results show that the model is not sensitive to the residual soil moisture or the parameter n in the van Genuchten model, but is sensitive to variation in the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the parameter alpha in the van Genuchten model. Nomographs based on the dimensionless formulation were used to scale the results of the laboratory beach to the range of natural beaches. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Boufadel, Michel C AU - Suidan, Makram T AU - Venosa, Albert D AU - Rauch, Christian H AU - Biswas, Pratim Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 223 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1084-0699, 1084-0699 KW - water KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - hydraulics KW - Bayesian analysis KW - saturated materials KW - statistical analysis KW - porous materials KW - simulation KW - seepage KW - two-dimensional models KW - ground water KW - water table KW - laboratory studies KW - finite element analysis KW - engineering geology KW - beaches KW - recharge KW - intertidal environment KW - movement KW - coastal environment KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52504832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=2D+variably+saturated+flows%3B+physical+scaling+and+Bayesian+estimation&rft.au=Boufadel%2C+Michel+C%3BSuidan%2C+Makram+T%3BVenosa%2C+Albert+D%3BRauch%2C+Christian+H%3BBiswas%2C+Pratim&rft.aulast=Boufadel&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=10840699&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/heo/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bayesian analysis; beaches; coastal environment; engineering geology; experimental studies; finite element analysis; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulics; intertidal environment; laboratory studies; movement; porous materials; recharge; saturated materials; seepage; simulation; soils; statistical analysis; two-dimensional models; water; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interlayer diffusive transfer and transport of contaminants in stratified formation; I, Theory AN - 52501940; 1999-022235 AB - This paper deals with modeling depth-averaged solute transport and lateral-diffusive transfer in a two-layer system of contrasting permeabilities. Two-dimensional transport equations are developed, by averaging the local three-dimensional transport equations vertically across the high- and low-permeability layers. The equations account for interlayer mass transfer and the capacitance of the low-permeability layer to store and release reactive constituents by diffusion. The theory indicates that a first-order rate model can describe the process of interlayer mass transfer under quasi-steady condition. An expression for the mass-transfer rate coefficient alpha is obtained in terms of the transverse diffusion time (or diffusion rates) across the layers. In particular, the diffusion time in the high-permeability layer is related to transverse-vertical dispersion that accounts for the effect of mechanical mixing on the interlayer mass transfer. For small capacity ratio beta <1 the rate coefficient alpha shows a linear dependence on the pore-water velocity, and a linear approximation is obtained in terms of a Peclet number, in which the transverse-vertical dispersivity is the characteristic length scale. Application to previously published experimental data highlighted the applicability and limitations of the first-order rate model. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Hantush, Mohamed M AU - Marino, Miguel A Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 232 EP - 240 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1084-0699, 1084-0699 KW - solute transport KW - halides KW - fractured materials KW - three-dimensional models KW - pollutants KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - porous materials KW - mathematical models KW - equations KW - layered materials KW - ground water KW - theoretical studies KW - transport KW - chlorides KW - pore water KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52501940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Interlayer+diffusive+transfer+and+transport+of+contaminants+in+stratified+formation%3B+I%2C+Theory&rft.au=Hantush%2C+Mohamed+M%3BMarino%2C+Miguel+A&rft.aulast=Hantush&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=10840699&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/heo/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorides; equations; fractured materials; ground water; halides; layered materials; mathematical models; pollutants; pollution; pore water; porous materials; solute transport; solutes; theoretical studies; three-dimensional models; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interlayer diffusive transfer and transport of contaminants in stratified formation; II, Analytical solutions AN - 52501786; 1999-022236 AB - Transverse diffusive transfer of solute mass between regions of mobile and immobile water is a key mechanism causing tailing and reduced peak concentrations. In Part 1, we developed a two-dimensional first-order rate model that describes reactive solute transport averaged across the thickness of a two-layer system. The model describes the capacitance effect of low-permeability layers to store and release solute by diffusive-type mass transfer, under quasi-steady conditions. In this paper, we develop two-dimensional analytical solutions for the first-order rate model in an infinite porous medium, using the methods of Fourier and Laplace transforms and superposition. The solutions consider a rectangular source with (1) an instantaneous release of a contaminant mass and (2) an exponentially decaying source applied at a fixed rate. Simulations show that increased porewater velocity produces a more dispersed mobile solute and pronounced tailing. Comparison of the theory with the Borden aquifer data indicates that the first-order rate model can describe the early dispersion of the chloride tracer, on the basis of diffusive interlayer mass transfer. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Hantush, Mohamed M AU - Marino, Miguel A Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 241 EP - 247 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1084-0699, 1084-0699 KW - solute transport KW - halides KW - dispersivity KW - landfills KW - data processing KW - mechanism KW - simulation KW - layered materials KW - ground water KW - transport KW - Fourier analysis KW - tracers KW - chlorides KW - velocity KW - mass transfer KW - Borden Aquifer KW - North America KW - experimental studies KW - diffusion KW - pollutants KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - equations KW - Laplace transformations KW - aquifers KW - waste disposal KW - pore water KW - permeability KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52501786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Interlayer+diffusive+transfer+and+transport+of+contaminants+in+stratified+formation%3B+II%2C+Analytical+solutions&rft.au=Hantush%2C+Mohamed+M%3BMarino%2C+Miguel+A&rft.aulast=Hantush&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=10840699&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/heo/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Borden Aquifer; chlorides; data processing; diffusion; dispersivity; equations; experimental studies; Fourier analysis; ground water; halides; landfills; Laplace transformations; layered materials; mass transfer; mechanism; North America; permeability; pollutants; pollution; pore water; simulation; solute transport; solutes; tracers; transport; velocity; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of a photocatalytic oxidation technology AN - 52377111; 2000-027431 JF - Water Science and Technology AU - Topudurti, Kirankumar AU - Wojciechowski, Mary AU - Anagnostopoulos, Sandy AU - Eilers, Richard A2 - Grabow, W. O. K. A2 - Dohmann, M. A2 - Haas, C. A2 - Hall, E. R. A2 - Lesouef, A. A2 - Orhon, D. A2 - van der Vlies, A. A2 - Watanabe, Y. A2 - Milburn, A. A2 - Purdon, C. D. A2 - Nagle, P. T. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 117 EP - 125 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 38 IS - 7 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - concentration KW - titanium dioxide KW - oxidation KW - effluents KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - iron KW - ultraviolet radiation KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - ferric iron KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - toxicity KW - electromagnetic radiation KW - metals KW - volatile organic compounds KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52377111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+a+photocatalytic+oxidation+technology&rft.au=Topudurti%2C+Kirankumar%3BWojciechowski%2C+Mary%3BAnagnostopoulos%2C+Sandy%3BEilers%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Topudurti&rft.aufirst=Kirankumar&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=0080433944&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.iwaponline.com/wst/toc.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 19th biennial conference of the International Association on Water Quality N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WSTED4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; concentration; effluents; electromagnetic radiation; ferric iron; ground water; iron; metals; organic compounds; oxidation; pollution; remediation; titanium dioxide; toxicity; ultraviolet radiation; unsaturated zone; volatile organic compounds; volatiles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anaerobic treatment of soil wash fluids from a wood preserving site AN - 52376152; 2000-027427 JF - Water Science and Technology AU - Miller, K M AU - Suidan, Makram T AU - Sorial, G A AU - Khodadoust, A P AU - Acheson, C M AU - Brenner, R C A2 - Grabow, W. O. K. A2 - Dohmann, M. A2 - Haas, C. A2 - Hall, E. R. A2 - Lesouef, A. A2 - Orhon, D. A2 - van der Vlies, A. A2 - Watanabe, Y. A2 - Milburn, A. A2 - Purdon, C. D. A2 - Nagle, P. T. Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 63 EP - 72 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 38 IS - 7 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - soils KW - naphthalene KW - effluents KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - pentachlorophenol KW - chlorophenols KW - chemical waste KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - pyrene KW - organic compounds KW - solvents KW - decontamination KW - industrial waste KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - anaerobic environment KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52376152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Anaerobic+treatment+of+soil+wash+fluids+from+a+wood+preserving+site&rft.au=Miller%2C+K+M%3BSuidan%2C+Makram+T%3BSorial%2C+G+A%3BKhodadoust%2C+A+P%3BAcheson%2C+C+M%3BBrenner%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=0080433944&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.iwaponline.com/wst/toc.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 19th biennial conference of the International Association on Water Quality N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WSTED4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anaerobic environment; aromatic hydrocarbons; bioremediation; chemical waste; chlorophenols; decontamination; effluents; hydrocarbons; industrial waste; naphthalene; organic compounds; pentachlorophenol; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; pyrene; remediation; soil treatment; soils; solvents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using an innovative approach to setting background levels AN - 50914546; 1999-068758 JF - Soil & Groundwater AU - Colten-Bradley, Virginia A Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - October 1998 SP - 14 EP - 20 PB - Group III Communication, Independence, MO VL - 1998, October SN - 1086-1971, 1086-1971 KW - United States KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - water quality KW - data acquisition KW - regulations KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - radioactive waste KW - ground water KW - waste management KW - soils KW - U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - time series analysis KW - background level KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution KW - preventive measures KW - aquifers KW - dissolved materials KW - Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act KW - waste disposal KW - tailings KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50914546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.atitle=Using+an+innovative+approach+to+setting+background+levels&rft.au=Colten-Bradley%2C+Virginia+A&rft.aulast=Colten-Bradley&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=1998%2C+October&rft.issue=&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.issn=10861971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; background level; concentration; data acquisition; data processing; dissolved materials; government agencies; ground water; monitoring; pollution; preventive measures; radioactive waste; regulations; soils; statistical analysis; tailings; time series analysis; U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; United States; Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act; waste disposal; waste management; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Sink Effects on VOCs from a Latex Paint AN - 20629017; 4590346 AB - The sink strength of two common indoor materials, a carpet and a gypsum board, was evaluated by environmental chamber tests with four volatile organic compounds (VOCs): propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol (BEE), and Texanol. These oxygenated compounds represent the major VOCs emitted from a latex paint. Each chamber test included two phases. Phase 1 was the dosing/sorption period during which sink materials (pieces of carpet and gypsum board samples) were exposed to the four VOCs. The sink strength of each material tested was characterized by the amount of the VOCs adsorbed or absorbed. Phase 2 was the purging/desorption period during which the chambers with the dosed sink materials were flushed with purified air. The reemission rates of the adsorbed VOCs from the sinks were reflected by the amount of the VOCs being flushed. Phase 1 results indicated that the sink strength for the four target compounds is more than 1 order of magnitude higher than that for other VOCs previously tested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The high sink strength reflected the unusually high sorption capacity of common indoor materials for the four VOCs. Phase 2 results showed that reemission was an extremely slow process. If all the VOCs adsorbed were reemittable, it would take more than a year to completely flush out the VOCs from the sink materials tested. The long reemission process can result in chronic and low-level exposure to the VOCs after painting interior walls and surfaces. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Chang, JCS AU - Sparks, LE AU - Guo, Zhishi AU - Fortmann, R AD - Indoor Environment Management Branch, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 953 EP - 958 VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - sink strength KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Materials testing KW - Air quality KW - Emission measurements KW - Indoor environments KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Paints KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20629017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Sink+Effects+on+VOCs+from+a+Latex+Paint&rft.au=Chang%2C+JCS%3BSparks%2C+LE%3BGuo%2C+Zhishi%3BFortmann%2C+R&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=JCS&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Engineering Solutions to Indoor Air Quality Problems. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Materials testing; Emission measurements; Air quality; Indoor environments; Volatile organic compounds; Paints ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor Emissions from Conversion Varnishes AN - 20627670; 4590343 AB - Conversion varnishes are two-component, acid-catalyzed varnishes that are commonly used to finish cabinets. They are valued for their water and stain resistance, as well as their appearance. They have been found, however, to contribute to indoor emissions of organic compounds. For this project, three commercially available conversion varnish systems were selected. A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 24 analysis was performed to determine total volatile content, and a sodium sulfite titration method was used to determine uncombined (free) formaldehyde content of the varnish components. The resin component was also analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) (EPA Method 311 with an MS detector) to identify individual organic compounds. Dynamic small chamber tests were then performed to identify and quantify emissions following application to coupons of typical kitchen cabinet wood substrates, during both curing and aging. Because conversion varnishes cure by chemical reaction, the compounds emitted during curing and aging are not necessarily the same as those in the formulation. Results of small chamber tests showed that the amount of formaldehyde emitted from these coatings was 2.3-8.1 times the amount of free formaldehyde applied in the coatings. A long-term test showed a formaldehyde emission rate of 0.17 mg/m super(2)/hr after 115 days. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Howard, E M AU - McCrillis, R C AU - Krebs, KA AU - Fortman, R AU - Lao, Huei Chen AU - Guo, Zhishi AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 924 EP - 930 VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - conversion varnishes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Emission measurements KW - Formaldehyde KW - Air quality KW - Indoor environments KW - Coatings KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20627670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Indoor+Emissions+from+Conversion+Varnishes&rft.au=Howard%2C+E+M%3BMcCrillis%2C+R+C%3BKrebs%2C+KA%3BFortman%2C+R%3BLao%2C+Huei+Chen%3BGuo%2C+Zhishi&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=924&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Engineering Solutions to Indoor Air Quality Problems. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emission measurements; Formaldehyde; Air quality; Indoor environments; Coatings ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a Test Method for Measuring Indoor Air Emissions from Dry-Process Photocopiers AN - 20626364; 4590342 AB - A large chamber test method for measuring indoor air emissions from office equipment was developed, evaluated, and revised based on the initial testing of four dry-process photocopiers. Because all chambers may not necessarily produce similar results (e.g., due to differences in sink effects, temperature and humidity control, air exchange, pollutant monitoring, and measurement biases), a preliminary four-laboratory evaluation of the revised test method was conducted. To minimize variability, the evaluation used a single dry-process photocopier that was shipped to each of the four laboratories along with supplies (i.e., toner and paper). The results of this preliminary four-laboratory evaluation demonstrate that the test method was used successfully in the different chambers to measure emissions from dry-process photocopiers. Differences in chamber design and construction appeared to have had minimal effect on the results for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Perhaps more important than the chamber itself is the sample analysis as identified by duplicate samples that were analyzed by a different laboratory. Percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) was used to provide a simplistic view of interlaboratory precision for this evaluation. Excluding problems with suspected analytical bias observed from one of the laboratories, the precision was excellent for the VOCs with RSDs of less than 10% in most cases. Less precision was observed among the laboratories for aldehydes/ketones (RSD of 23.2% for formaldehyde). The precision for ozone emission rates among three of the laboratories was excellent (RSD of 7.9%), but emission rates measured at the fourth laboratory were much higher. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Leovic, K AU - Whitaker, D AU - Northeim, C AU - Sheldon, L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 915 EP - 923 VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - photocopiers KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Laboratory testing KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Emission measurements KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Air pollution measurements KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20626364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+Test+Method+for+Measuring+Indoor+Air+Emissions+from+Dry-Process+Photocopiers&rft.au=Leovic%2C+K%3BWhitaker%2C+D%3BNortheim%2C+C%3BSheldon%2C+L&rft.aulast=Leovic&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Engineering Solutions to Indoor Air Quality Problems. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Laboratory testing; Indoor air pollution; Emission measurements; Volatile organic compounds; Air pollution measurements ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical elements in describing and understanding our nation's aquatic resources AN - 17567782; 4446443 AB - Despite spending $115 billion per year on environmental actions in the United States, we have only a limited ability to describe the effectiveness of these expenditures. Moreover, after decades of such investments, we cannot accurately describe status and trends in the nation's aquatic ecosystems or even those in specific regions. Why? This situation has arisen in part because we have excluded the fundamental principles of probability designs that are widely used in other fields and we have often ignored direct measures of biota, the subjects of greatest concern. To demonstrate the results of ignoring these powerful statistical and biological tools, we present four case studies. These studies compare estimates of aquatic resource status derived from using (1) a probability-based study design, often with biological measures of condition; and (2) a nonstatistical study design, often using chemical surrogates. In three of the four cases, the results derived from the nonstatistical perspective underestimate the degree of biological degradation. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Paulsen, S G AU - Hughes, R M AU - Larsen, D P AD - USEPA, Regional Aquatic Ecologist, 200 S.W. 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, Paulsen@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 995 EP - 1006 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Statistical analysis KW - USA KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Case study KW - Resource management KW - Policies KW - Case Studies KW - Available Water KW - Water Supply KW - Water resources KW - Economic Aspects KW - Freshwater KW - Water Resources Management KW - Environmental legislation KW - Water supplies KW - Aquatic environment KW - Environmental protection KW - Water supply KW - Aquatic environments KW - Water management KW - Aquatic Environment KW - Economics KW - Environment management KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17567782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Critical+elements+in+describing+and+understanding+our+nation%27s+aquatic+resources&rft.au=Paulsen%2C+S+G%3BHughes%2C+R+M%3BLarsen%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Paulsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Policies; Resource management; Water management; Economics; Water resources; Environmental legislation; Environment management; Environmental protection; Aquatic environment; Water supply; Case study; Aquatic environments; Water supplies; Case Studies; Aquatic Environment; Water Supply; Available Water; Economic Aspects; Water Resources Management; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation on biogeochemical cycles AN - 17361803; 4548327 AB - Effects of increased UV-B on emissions of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (CO) and on mineral nutrient cycling in the terrestrial biosphere have been confirmed by recent studies of a range of species and ecosystems. The effects, both in magnitude and direction, of UV-B radiation on trace-gas emissions and mineral nutrient cycling are species specific and operate on a number of processes. These processes include changes in the chemical composition in living plant tissue, photodegradation (breakdown by light) of dead plant matter, including litter, release of carbon monoxide from vegetation previously charred by fire, changes in the communities of microbial decomposers, and effects on nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and plants. Long-term experiments are in place to examine UV-B effects on carbon capture and storage in biomass within natural terrestrial ecosystems. Studies in natural aquatic ecosystems have indicated that organic matter is the primary regulator of UV-B penetration. Changes in the organic matter, caused by enhanced UV-B reinforced by changes in climate and acidification, result in clarification of the water and changes in light quality that have broad impacts on the effects of enhanced UV-B on aquatic biogeochemical cycles. Increased UV-B has positive and negative impacts on microbial activity in aquatic ecosystems that can affect carbon and mineral nutrient cycling as well as the uptake and release of greenhouse and chemically reactive gases. Photoinhibition of surface aquatic microorganisms by UV-B can be partially offset by photodegradation of dissolved organic matter to produce substrates, such as organic acids and ammonium, that stimulate microbial activity. Modeling and experimental approaches are being developed to predict and measure the interactions and feedbacks between climate change and UV-B-induced changes in marine and terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. These interactions include alterations in the oxidative environment in the upper ocean and in the marine boundary layer and oceanic production and release of CO, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and reactive oxygen species (ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals). Climate-related changes in temperature and water supply in terrestrial ecosystems interact with UV-B radiation through biogeochemical processes operating on a wide range of time scales. JF - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology AU - Zepp, R G AU - Callaghan, T V AU - Erickson, D J AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2700, USA, zepp.richard@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 69 EP - 82 VL - 46 IS - 1-3 SN - 1011-1344, 1011-1344 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - U.V. radiation KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Solar radiation KW - Nutrient cycles KW - J 02910:Miscellaneous topics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17361803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Photochemistry+and+Photobiology+B%3A+Biology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+enhanced+solar+ultraviolet+radiation+on+biogeochemical+cycles&rft.au=Zepp%2C+R+G%3BCallaghan%2C+T+V%3BErickson%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Zepp&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Photochemistry+and+Photobiology+B%3A+Biology&rft.issn=10111344&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1011-1344%2898%2900186-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solar radiation; U.V. radiation; Biogeochemistry; Nutrient cycles; Nitrogen fixation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(98)00186-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost Analysis of Activated Carbon Versus Photocatalytic Oxidation for Removing Organic Compounds from Indoor Air AN - 17320179; 4590350 AB - A cost comparison has been conducted of 1 m super(3)/sec indoor air cleaners using granular activated carbon (GAC) versus photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) for treating a steady-state inlet volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration of 0.27 mg/m super(3). The commercial GAC unit was costed assuming that the inlet VOCs had a reasonable carbon sorption affinity, representative of compounds having four or more atoms (exclusive of hydrogen). A representative model PCO unit for indoor air application was designed and costed, using VOC oxidation rate data reported in the literature for the low inlet concentration assumed here, and using a typical illumination intensity. The analysis shows that, for the assumptions used here, the PCO unit would have an installed cost more than 10 times greater, and an annual cost almost seven times greater, than the GAC unit. It also suggests that PCO costs cannot likely be reduced by a factor greater than 2-4, solely by improvements in the PCO system configuration and reductions in unit component costs. Rather, an improved catalyst having a higher quantum efficiency would be needed, increasing reaction rates and reducing illumination requirements relative to the catalysts reported in the literature. GAC costs would increase significantly if the VOCs to be removed were lighter and more poorly sorbed than assumed in this analysis. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Henschel, D B AD - Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 985 EP - 994 VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollutant removal KW - Activated carbon KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Photooxidation KW - Economics KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17320179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Cost+Analysis+of+Activated+Carbon+Versus+Photocatalytic+Oxidation+for+Removing+Organic+Compounds+from+Indoor+Air&rft.au=Henschel%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Henschel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=985&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Engineering Solutions to Indoor Air Quality Problems. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics; Volatile organic compounds; Photooxidation; Indoor air pollution; Pollutant removal; Activated carbon ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological engineering strategies to reduce flooding damage to wetland crops in central China AN - 17297387; 4559625 AB - Ecological engineering techniques are widely used in Chinese agriculture to reduce wastes and improve efficiency, but rarely to address crop loss associated with flooding. In the middle Yangtze River basin in central China, dish-shaped areas that formerly contained shallow lakes and marshes are now empoldered for the cultivation of rice, fish and other crops. These areas are economically productive but regularly experience crop damage due to rainfall amounts exceeding the removal capacity of pumps and drainage canals. A field investigation gathered existing data on landforms, hydrology, agricultural and aquacultural practices, and recent flooding events at two scales: Xiaogang Farm, 24 km super(2), and Honghu Flood Diversion Area, 2800 km super(2). Computer simulations suggested that local-scale increases in pumping capacity would effectively reduce local flooding damage, but this approach would be less effective if implemented over a wide area. Proposed ecological engineering strategies for flood resistance, including converting some low-position area from rice to flood-tolerant crops such as lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) or wild rice stem (Zizania latifolia), and raising dikes around the converted fields to allow passive storage of excess water during heavy rains, may reduce damage at both local and wide scales. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Bruins, RJF AU - Shuming, C AU - Shijian, C AU - Mitsch, W J AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA, bruins.randypamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 231 EP - 259 VL - 11 IS - 1-4 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - China, People's Rep. KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Rice KW - Water storage KW - Marshes KW - Freshwater KW - River engineering KW - Fish farming KW - Engineering KW - Dikes KW - Rice fields KW - Floods KW - Flooding KW - Wetlands KW - Pumping KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17297387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Ecological+engineering+strategies+to+reduce+flooding+damage+to+wetland+crops+in+central+China&rft.au=Bruins%2C+RJF%3BShuming%2C+C%3BShijian%2C+C%3BMitsch%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Bruins&rft.aufirst=RJF&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0925-8574%2898%2900068-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ecological engineering in developing countries. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Engineering; Rice fields; Floods; Flooding; Wetlands; Marshes; Pumping; River engineering; Fish farming; Rice; Dikes; Water storage; China, People's Rep.; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(98)00068-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autumn chemistry of Oregon Coast Range streams AN - 17282514; 4446447 AB - During an autumn runoff event we sampled 48 streams with predominantly forested watersheds and igneous bedrock in the Oregon Coast Range. The streams had acid neutralizing capacities (ANC) > 90 mu eq/L and pH > 6.4. Streamwater Na super(+), Ca super(2+), and Mg super(2+) concentrations were greater than K super(+) concentrations. Anion concentrations generally followed the order of Cl super(-) > NO sub(3) super(-) > SO sub(4) super(2-). Chloride and Na super(+) concentrations were highest in samples collected in streams near the Pacific Ocean and decreased markedly as distance from the coast increased. Sea salt exerted no discernible influence on stream water acid-base status during the sampling period. Nitrate concentrations in the study streams were remarkably variable, ranging from below detection to 172 mu eq/L. We hypothesize that forest vegetation is the primary control of spatial variability of the NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations in Oregon Coast Range streams. We believe that symbiotic N fixation by red alder in pure or mixed stands is the primary source of N to forested watersheds in the Oregon Coast Range. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Wigington, PJ Jr AU - Church, M R AU - Strickland, T C AU - Eshleman, K N AU - Van Sickle, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, pjwail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1035 EP - 1050 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Oregon KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Anions KW - Water sampling KW - Chlorides KW - Autumn KW - Chemical limnology KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Igneous rocks KW - Rivers KW - Forest watersheds KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Geochemistry KW - Potassium KW - Sodium KW - USA, Oregon, Coast Range KW - Cations KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Magnesium KW - Runoff KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - Q2 09183:Physics and chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17282514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Autumn+chemistry+of+Oregon+Coast+Range+streams&rft.au=Wigington%2C+PJ+Jr%3BChurch%2C+M+R%3BStrickland%2C+T+C%3BEshleman%2C+K+N%3BVan+Sickle%2C+J&rft.aulast=Wigington&rft.aufirst=PJ&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Anions; Water sampling; Geochemistry; Physicochemical properties; Chemical limnology; Autumn; Chlorides; Potassium; Watersheds; Streams; Sodium; Igneous rocks; Nitrogen fixation; Cations; Nutrients (mineral); Magnesium; Runoff; Forest watersheds; USA, Oregon, Coast Range; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors influencing photoreactions of dissolved organic matter in a coastal river of the southeastern United States AN - 17191082; 4480309 AB - Photoreactions of dissolved organic matter can affect the oxidizing capacity, nutrient dynamics, trace gas exchange, and color of surface waters. This study focuses on factors that affect the photoreactions of the colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Satilla River, a coastal river that has high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (2.0 plus or minus 0.2 mM C) and iron (12 plus or minus 2 mu M) in its freshwater reach. Quantum yields for the photoproduction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and carbon monoxide (CO) from Satilla CDOM decreased exponentially in the 300-450 nm spectral region. Photoreaction of the CDOM in sunlight caused a decrease in UV and visible absorbance that occurred most rapidly in the UV-B (280-315 nm) region, indicating that CDOM photoreactions can enhance exposure of aquatic organisms to DNA-damaging UV radiation. The role of iron in the photooxidation was investigated by adding fluoride ions or deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM) to the water to form unreactive Fe super(3+) complexes, thus inhibiting iron photoreduction and slowing CDOM photooxidation. Using this method, it was demonstrated that the photoformation of DIC, CO, and NH sub(4) super(+) is strongly affected by iron catalysis in the Satilla River water. Increasing the dioxygen content and lowering the pH accelerated the photoreaction of the CDOM. CDOM photoreaction was accompanied by conversion of dissolved iron and carbon to particulate forms. Such "photocoagulation" may contribute to the transport of iron and carbon from surface waters to sediments in sunlit, well-stratified aquatic ecosystems. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Gao, H AU - Zepp, R G AD - Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, zepp.richardpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/10/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Oct 01 SP - 2940 EP - 2946 VL - 32 IS - 19 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Photochemistry KW - Surface water KW - Organic matter KW - Organic carbon KW - Chemical reactions KW - Dissolved organic matter KW - Oxidation KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17191082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Factors+influencing+photoreactions+of+dissolved+organic+matter+in+a+coastal+river+of+the+southeastern+United+States&rft.au=Gao%2C+H%3BZepp%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=2940&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photochemistry; Chemical reactions; Surface water; Organic matter; Dissolved organic matter; Organic carbon; Ultraviolet radiation; Oxidation; Dissolved organic carbon ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic effects of the herbicide diuron on freshwater cladocerans, amphipods, midges, minnows, worms, and snails AN - 17178096; 4478995 AB - The chronic effects of the herbicide diuron on survival and reproduction of Daphnia pulex, and survival and growth of the amphipod Hyalella azteca, the midge Chironomus tentans, juvenile and embryo/larval fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, annelid worms, Lumbriculus variegatus, and snails, Physa gyrina, were determined in laboratory static and static-renewal tests. D. pulex 96-h and 7-day LC50 values were 17.9 and 7.1 mg/L; 7-day LOAEL and NOAEL values based on mortality and reproduction were 7.7 and 4.0 mg/L. H. azteca 96-h and 10-day LC50 values were 19.4 and 18.4 mg/L; 10-day LOAEL and NOAEL values based on survival and reduced weight were 15.7 and 7.9 mg/L. C. tentans 10-day LC50 value was 3.3 mg/L; 10-day LOAEL and NOAEL values based on growth were 7.1 and 3.4 mg/L, and 3.4 and 1.9 mg/L based on mortality. Juvenile fathead minnows had a 10-day LC50 of 27.1 mg/L and 10-day LOAEL and NOAEL values based on growth of 3.4 and <3.4 mg/L. The fathead minnow embryo-larval test had a 7-day LC50 value of 11.7 mg/L and 7-day LOAEL and NOAEL values based on reduced growth of 8.3 and 4.2 mg/L. L. variegatus had 10-day LOAEL and NOAEL values based on reduced weight of 3.5 and 1.8 mg/L. P. gyrina had 10-day LOAEL and NOAEL values based on reduced weight of 22.8 and 13.4 mg/L. Laboratory effects concentrations were higher that those found in normal field application situations, except in areas of localized pooling after recent herbicide applications, indicating that there would probably be little harm to these fish and invertebrates from diuron exposure in the field. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Nebeker, A V AU - Schuytema, G S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Ecological Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 441 EP - 446 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Chironomus tentans KW - Daphnia pulex KW - Fathead minnow KW - Hyalella azteca KW - Lumbriculus variegatus KW - Physa gyrina KW - Pimephales promelas KW - diuron KW - duron KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Toxicity tests KW - Bioassay KW - Snails KW - Testing procedures KW - Bioindicators KW - Bioassays KW - Toxicity testing KW - Invertebrates KW - Fish larvae KW - Midges KW - Fathead minnows KW - Mortality KW - Amphipods KW - Herbicides KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Annelids KW - Pesticides KW - Reproduction KW - Freshwater organisms KW - Indicator species KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17178096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Chronic+effects+of+the+herbicide+diuron+on+freshwater+cladocerans%2C+amphipods%2C+midges%2C+minnows%2C+worms%2C+and+snails&rft.au=Nebeker%2C+A+V%3BSchuytema%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Nebeker&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; Mortality; Bioassays; Pesticides; Freshwater organisms; Water pollution effects; Herbicides; Reproduction; Toxicity; Toxicity tests; Fish larvae; Indicator species; Invertebrates; Toxicity testing; Amphipods; Annelids; Bioassay; Midges; Snails; Testing procedures; Fathead minnows; Hyalella azteca; Lumbriculus variegatus; Pimephales promelas; Chironomus tentans; Physa gyrina; Daphnia pulex ER - TY - CONF T1 - The neurotoxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls AN - 17132195; 4434023 AB - Like dioxin, some polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners produce toxicity by binding to an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. Other PCB congeners that have little or no activity at the Ah receptor have been shown to accumulate in the brain following in vivo exposure and decrease dopamine content. Subsequent research has found that non-dioxin-like PCBs also interfere with calcium homeostatic mechanisms and intracellular second messenger systems in vitro in neuronal cultures and brain subcellular fractions. The biological significance of these effects of PCBs in nervous system preparations is not known, although a number of calcium-dependent processes are important for nervous system function and development. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies based on measures of PCB-induced alterations in protein kinase C (PKC) translocation and Ca super(2+)-buffering indicate that congeners with chlorine substitutions at the ortho-position are active in vitro, while non-ortho congeners are relatively inactive. Subsequent research has found that chloride substitution patterns that favor non-co-planarity are associated with activity in nervous system preparations. Recent in vivo studies in adults have shown that repeated exposure to a PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 increases translocation of PKC and decreases Ca super(2+)-buffering in the brain. Increased levels of ortho-substituted non-coplanar PCB congeners were observed in the brains of Aroclor 1254-treated animals relative to vehicle controls. Current research is focusing on the possibility that PCB-induced alterations in calcium homeostasis and intracellular second messengers may be related to the developmental neurotoxicity of PCBs. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Tilson, HA AU - Kodavanti, PRS Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 517 EP - 526 PB - Intox Press VL - 19 IS - 4-5 KW - double prime Ah receptors KW - development KW - structure-activity relationships KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Protein kinase C KW - Calcium KW - Homeostasis KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Aryl hydrocarbon receptors KW - Structure-activity relationships KW - PCB compounds KW - PCB KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - H 14000:Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17132195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=The+neurotoxicity+of+polychlorinated+biphenyls&rft.au=Tilson%2C+HA%3BKodavanti%2C+PRS&rft.aulast=Tilson&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sprinkler irrigation for the removal of VOCs from groundwater AN - 17123349; 4428296 AB - Sprinkler irrigation is a common farming practice in parts of the United States where a semi-arid climate and lack of sufficient rainfall during critical growing periods necessitate supplemental water. The source of most irrigation water is groundwater, which can be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Since the groundwater may be the primary, or only, source of drinking water for a community, there is a need for cost effective VOC treatment and disposal methods. Because irrigation is a fairly widespread practice, there is an opportunity to employ it as a dual function technology -- crop irrigation and treatment and disposal of contaminants from the groundwater. This could augment conventional groundwater treatment and result in cost savings. Additional benefits of implementation include containment of the groundwater plume, elimination of discharge or reinjection of the treated groundwater, and reduced irrigation expense for site vegetative covers. An evaluation of the performance of sprinkler irrigation for these purposes was conducted in July 1996 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program. A sprinkler irrigation system has been shown to remove 96 super(+)% of VOCs from a contaminated groundwater source without a significant impact to the air quality. Results and activities of the evaluation of sprinkler irrigation technology for the treatment and disposal of groundwater contaminated with VOCs are presented in this paper. JF - Environmental Technology AU - Richardson, T L AU - Sahle-Demessie, E AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin L. King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 1049 EP - 1054 VL - 19 IS - 10 SN - 0959-3330, 0959-3330 KW - SITE Program KW - USEPA KW - VOCs KW - sprinkler irrigation KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Performance evaluation KW - Sprinkler irrigation KW - Air quality KW - Water treatment KW - Semiarid lands KW - Cost analysis KW - Volatility KW - Wastewater disposal KW - Pollutant removal KW - Superfund KW - Irrigation KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Organic compounds KW - Benefits KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Technology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17123349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Technology&rft.atitle=Sprinkler+irrigation+for+the+removal+of+VOCs+from+groundwater&rft.au=Richardson%2C+T+L%3BSahle-Demessie%2C+E&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Technology&rft.issn=09593330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Pollutant removal; Water treatment; Superfund; Irrigation; Cost analysis; Groundwater pollution; Air quality; Organic compounds; Volatile organic compounds; Technology; Performance evaluation; Sprinkler irrigation; Semiarid lands; Wastewater disposal; Volatility; Benefits ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simple apparatus for administering 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to commercially available pelletized fish food AN - 17114608; 4417723 AB - A simple apparatus for loading chemicals onto commercially available, pelletized fish food is described. An analysis of several food nutrients indicated the procedure using n-hexane (50 ml n-hexane:200 g food) had an inconsequential influence on their concentrations, i.e., only lauric acid and margaroleic acid exhibited reductions greater than or equal to 10%, 25%, and 17%, respectively. Of 35 batches of food laden with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), only 40% of the loadings were within 10% of the desired value. However, in terms of the within-batch variability, all loadings exhibited a coefficient of variation (CV) less than or equal to 15%, and over 60% of the loadings exhibited a CV less than or equal to 10%. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Fernandez, J D AU - Denny, J S AU - Tietge, JE AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA, fernandez.joepa.gov Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 2058 EP - 2062 VL - 17 IS - 10 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Chemicals KW - Organic acids KW - Disease control KW - Nutrients KW - Antibiotics KW - Fish food KW - Food additives KW - Animal feeds KW - Feeding KW - Instruments KW - Chemical control KW - Variation coefficient KW - TCDD KW - Acids KW - Aquaculture equipment KW - Organic compounds KW - SW 6090:Fisheries engineering KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17114608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=A+simple+apparatus+for+administering+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+to+commercially+available+pelletized+fish+food&rft.au=Fernandez%2C+J+D%3BDenny%2C+J+S%3BTietge%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2058&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding; Food additives; Organic acids; Chemical control; Acids; Instruments; Disease control; Aquaculture equipment; Antibiotics; Organic compounds; Chemicals; TCDD; Animal feeds; Nutrients; Variation coefficient; Fish food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro to in vivo extrapolation for trichloroethylene metabolism in humans AN - 17110058; 4424874 AB - The use of in vitro systems in the assessment of xenobiotic metabolism has distinct advantages and disadvantages. While isolated hepatocytes and microsomes prepared from human liver may be used to generate data for comparisons among species and in vitro systems, such comparisons are generally performed on the basis of microsomal protein or million (viable) hepatocytes. Recently, in vitro data have been investigated for their value as quantitative predictors of in vivo metabolic capacity. Because of the existence of large amounts of trichloroethylene (TRI) data in the human, we have examined the metabolism of TRI as a case study in the development of a method to compare metabolism across species using in vitro systems and for extrapolation of metabolic rates from in vitro to in vivo. TRI is well metabolized by human hepatocytes in culture with a K sub(m) of 266 plus or minus 202 ppm (mean plus or minus SD) in headspace and a V sub(max), of 16.1 plus or minus 12.9 nmol/h/10 super(6) viable hepatocytes. We determined that human liver contains approximately 116 x 10 super(6) hepatocytes and 20.8 mg microsomal protein/g, based on DNA recovery and glucose-6-phosphatase activity, respectively. Thus, the microsomal protein content of hepatocytes is 179 mu g microsomal protein/10 super(6) isolated hepatocytes. The microsomal apparent V sub(max) value of 1589 pmol/min/mg microsomal protein extrapolates to 17.07 nmol/h/10 super(6) hepatocytes. The combination of protein recovery and metabolic rate predicted a V sub(max) of approximately 1400 nmol/h/g human liver, which, when extrapolated and incorporated into an existing physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for TRI, slightly underpredicted TRI metabolism in the intact human. The quantitation, extrapolation, and inclusion of extrahepatic and cytochrome P450 (CYP)-independent TRI metabolism may increase the predictive value of this approach. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Lipscomb, J C AU - Fisher, J W AU - Confer, P D AU - Byczkowski, J Z AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, 26 West Martin Luther King Jr Drive, MC-190, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 376 EP - 387 VL - 152 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - cytochrome P450 KW - man KW - pharmacokinetics KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Microsomes KW - Hepatocytes KW - Trichloroethylene KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17110058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+to+in+vivo+extrapolation+for+trichloroethylene+metabolism+in+humans&rft.au=Lipscomb%2C+J+C%3BFisher%2C+J+W%3BConfer%2C+P+D%3BByczkowski%2C+J+Z&rft.aulast=Lipscomb&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trichloroethylene; Hepatocytes; Microsomes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emissions of odorous aldehydes from alkyd paint AN - 17109183; 4421998 AB - Aldehyde emissions are widely held responsible for the acrid after-odor of drying alkyd-based paint films. The aldehyde emissions from three different alkyd paints were measured in small environmental chambers. It was found that, for each gram of alkyd paint applied, more than 2 mg of aldehydes (mainly hexanal) were emitted during the curing (drying) period. Since no measurable hexanal was found in the original paint, it is suspected that the aldehydes emitted were produced by autoxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid esters in the alkyd resins. The hexanal emission rate was simulated by a model assuming that the autoxidation process was controlled by a consecutive first-order reaction mechanism. Using the emission rate model, indoor air quality simulation indicated that the hexanal emissions can result in prolonged (several days) exposure risk to occupants. The occupant exposure to aldehydes emitted from alkyd paint also could cause sensory irritation and other health concerns. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Chang, JCS AU - Guo, Z AD - Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-54, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 3581 EP - 3586 VL - 32 IS - 20 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution effects KW - Odors KW - Public health KW - Emission measurements KW - Aldehydes KW - Paints KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17109183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Emissions+of+odorous+aldehydes+from+alkyd+paint&rft.au=Chang%2C+JCS%3BGuo%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=JCS&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=3581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution effects; Emission measurements; Aldehydes; Odors; Paints; Risk assessment; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the effects of upstream dischargers on downstream water supplies: a source water protection model AN - 17107413; 4419761 AB - Source water protection is a component of the 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. Drinking water utilities have adopted widely different philosophies for source water protection. The City of New York, with large upland water reservoirs, is investing millions of dollars in land use planning and control, while in contrast, the City of Cincinnati, which uses the Ohio River as its source has spent millions of dollars in state-of-the-art water treatment. The Ohio River represents a special challenge because of the varied nature of water use in the basin, and it has experienced some of the largest inland chemical and industrial spills in the world. In order to provide utilities on the Ohio River and its tributaries with protection against the contamination of their drinking water, the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) was formed. ORSANCO, in conjunction with the USEPA has developed a spill modelling system based on GIS and water quality models to predict the propagation of spills and point discharges in the Ohio River. Results from the study are discussed in this paper. JF - Aqua - Journal of Water Services Research and Technology AU - Clark, R M AU - Goodrich, JA AU - Lykins, BW Jr AU - Neal, J R AD - Water Supply and Water Resources Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin L. King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1998/10// PY - 1998 DA - Oct 1998 SP - 215 EP - 222 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0003-7214, 0003-7214 KW - ORSANCO KW - USA, New York KW - USA, Ohio R. KW - USA, Ohio, Cincinatti KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - State regulations KW - Water resources KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - Water quality KW - Utilities KW - Accidents KW - Water treatment KW - Planning KW - Investment KW - Wastewater disposal KW - Path of pollutants KW - Rivers KW - Chemical spills KW - Protection KW - Environmental protection KW - Land use KW - Outfalls KW - Water quality control KW - Geographic information systems KW - Drinking water KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17107413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aqua+-+Journal+of+Water+Services+Research+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+effects+of+upstream+dischargers+on+downstream+water+supplies%3A+a+source+water+protection+model&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BGoodrich%2C+JA%3BLykins%2C+BW+Jr%3BNeal%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aqua+-+Journal+of+Water+Services+Research+and+Technology&rft.issn=00037214&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemical spills; Rivers; Water resources; Protection; Water quality; Land use; Environmental protection; Water quality control; Outfalls; Accidents; Water treatment; Planning; Geographic information systems; Pollution control; State regulations; Safe Drinking Water Act; Utilities; Drinking water; Path of pollutants; Investment; Wastewater disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US Environmental Protection Agency's revised guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment: incorporating mode of action data. AN - 73948600; 9748625 JF - Mutation research AU - Dellarco, V L AU - Wiltse, J A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology, Office of Water (4304), 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA. dellarco.vicki@epamial.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/09/20/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 20 SP - 273 EP - 277 VL - 405 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Risk Assessment KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency -- standards KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73948600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=US+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+revised+guidelines+for+Carcinogen+Risk+Assessment%3A+incorporating+mode+of+action+data.&rft.au=Dellarco%2C+V+L%3BWiltse%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Dellarco&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-09-20&rft.volume=405&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioseparation and bioanalytical techniques in environmental monitoring. AN - 70006556; 9792512 AB - The growing use of antibody-based separation methods has paralleled the expansion of immunochemical detection methods in moving beyond the clinical diagnostic field to applications in environmental monitoring. In recent years high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography, which began as a separation technique in biochemical and clinical research, has been adapted for separating and quantifying environmental pollutants. Bioaffinity offers a selective biological basis for separation that can be incorporated into a modular analytical process for more efficient environmental analysis. The use of immunoaffinity chromatography for separation complements the use of immunoassay for detection. A widely used immunochemical detection method for environmental analyses is enzyme immunoassay. The objective of this paper is to review the status of bioaffinity-based analytical procedures for environmental applications and human exposure assessment studies. Environmental methods based on bioaffinity range from mature immunoassays to emerging techniques such as immunosensors and immunoaffinity chromatography procedures for small molecules. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications AU - Van Emon, J M AU - Gerlach, C L AU - Bowman, K AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Human Exposure Research Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA. Y1 - 1998/09/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 11 SP - 211 EP - 228 VL - 715 IS - 1 SN - 1387-2273, 1387-2273 KW - Index Medicus KW - Flow Injection Analysis KW - Immunoassay KW - Biosensing Techniques KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods KW - Chromatography, Affinity -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70006556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.atitle=Bioseparation+and+bioanalytical+techniques+in+environmental+monitoring.&rft.au=Van+Emon%2C+J+M%3BGerlach%2C+C+L%3BBowman%2C+K&rft.aulast=Van+Emon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-11&rft.volume=715&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.issn=13872273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perkinsus marinus tissue distribution and seasonal variation in oysters Crassostrea virginica from Florida, Virginia and New York AN - 17140348; 4443184 AB - Perkinsus marinus infection intensity was measured in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica collected in October and December 1993, and March, May, and July 1994 from 3 U.S. sites: Apalachicola Bay (FL), Chesapeake Bay (VA), and Oyster Bay (NY). Gill, mantle, digestive gland, adductor muscle, hemolymph, and remaining tissue (including gonadal material and rectum) were dissected from 20 oysters from each site at each collection time. Samples were separately diagnosed for P. marinus infections by incubation in Ray's Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (RFTM) and subsequent microscopic quantification of purified enlarged hypnospores. At all sampling times and sites, average P. marinus infection intensity (g wet wt tissue super(-1) or ml hemolymph super(-1)) was lowest in hemolymph samples, and generally highest in the digestive gland. Perkinsus marinus prevalence was 100% at both FL and NY sites for each of the 5 collection times, and, for the VA site, was less than 100% in only 1 month (May 1994). Seasonal intensity patterns and mean total body burdens differed among the sites. Average body burden was highest in VA during October and progressively declined to a minimum in May. This decline was probably due to mortality of heavily infected oysters and diminution of parasite activity associated with colder temperatures and reduced salinities. Intensities varied little during the months of October and December at both the FL and NY sites. Minimum average intensities were observed in March in FL oysters and May in NY oysters. Relatively high P. marinus infection levels that persisted throughout the winter in NY oysters compared with VA oysters could reflect constant high salinity in Long Island Sound which favors parasite activity, and also rapid decline in temperature in the fall that may have prevented epizootic oyster mortalities. JF - Diseases of Aquatic Organisms AU - Oliver, L M AU - Fisher, W S AU - Ford, SE AU - Calvo, LMR AU - Burreson, E M AU - Sutton, E B AU - Gandy, J AD - U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561-5299, USA, oliver.leahpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/09/11/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 11 SP - 51 EP - 61 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0177-5103, 0177-5103 KW - Eastern oyster KW - USA KW - USA, Florida KW - USA, New York KW - USA, Virginia KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Disease control KW - ASW, USA KW - Sampling KW - Diseases KW - Seasonal variations KW - Biological surveys KW - Mortality KW - Tissue analysis KW - fish diseases KW - Fish diseases KW - Oysters KW - Perkinsus marinus KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Oyster fisheries KW - Mortality causes KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17140348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.atitle=Perkinsus+marinus+tissue+distribution+and+seasonal+variation+in+oysters+Crassostrea+virginica+from+Florida%2C+Virginia+and+New+York&rft.au=Oliver%2C+L+M%3BFisher%2C+W+S%3BFord%2C+SE%3BCalvo%2C+LMR%3BBurreson%2C+E+M%3BSutton%2C+E+B%3BGandy%2C+J&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-09-11&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.issn=01775103&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Mortality; Fish diseases; Disease control; Diseases; Sampling; Seasonal variations; Oyster fisheries; Mortality causes; fish diseases; Oysters; Tissue analysis; Perkinsus marinus; Crassostrea virginica; ASW, USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of separation systems for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon environmental contaminants using micellar electrokinetic chromatography with molecular micelles and free zone electrophoresis. AN - 73997320; 9761186 AB - Of four systems available from the literature, based on cyclodextrins, dioctylsulfosuccinate, bile salts, and molecular micelles consisting of oligomers of undecylenic acid, the most successful separation system in our hands is based on the molecular micelles, oligomers of sodium undecylenic acid (OSUA). We have employed organic additives of acetonitrile, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran in achieving separations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) using molecular micelles. Generally, successful separations are achieved with 20-40% composition as the organic additive in an 8 mM borate buffer. We separated 16 PNAs with 20% tetrahydrofuran in a system of 8 mM borate and 0.125 g/10 mL (ca. 6.25 mM) of OSUA. Typical extracts of environmental samples contain additional analytes besides the typical 16 target compounds. Among these are the nitrogen-containing aromatics that can act as cations under conditions of low pH and additional compounds that can act as anions under basic conditions in free-zone electrophoresis. These additional classes of analytes are separated by capillary zone electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence detection using a frequency-doubled laser operated at 257 nm. JF - Electrophoresis AU - Moy, T W AU - Ferguson, P L AU - Grange, A H AU - Matchett, W H AU - Kelliher, V A AU - Brumley, W C AU - Glassman, J AU - Farley, J W AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 2090 EP - 2094 VL - 19 IS - 12 SN - 0173-0835, 0173-0835 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Undecylenic Acids KW - Index Medicus KW - Undecylenic Acids -- chemistry KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- isolation & purification KW - Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary -- methods KW - Environmental Pollutants -- isolation & purification KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73997320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrophoresis&rft.atitle=Development+of+separation+systems+for+polynuclear+aromatic+hydrocarbon+environmental+contaminants+using+micellar+electrokinetic+chromatography+with+molecular+micelles+and+free+zone+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Moy%2C+T+W%3BFerguson%2C+P+L%3BGrange%2C+A+H%3BMatchett%2C+W+H%3BKelliher%2C+V+A%3BBrumley%2C+W+C%3BGlassman%2C+J%3BFarley%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Moy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2090&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electrophoresis&rft.issn=01730835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generation of antibodies to Di- and trichloroacetylated proteins and immunochemical detection of protein adducts in rats treated with perchloroethene. AN - 73971235; 9760273 AB - Antibodies directed against chemical specific protein modifications are valuable tools to detect and comparatively quantify protein modifications. Both Nepsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine and Nepsilon-(trichloroacety)l-L-lysine have been detected as modified amino acids in liver and kidneys of rats treated with perchloroethene (PER) after proteolysis. These protein modifications are formed by the interaction of reactive metabolites formed from PER with proteins. In this study we developed monospecific antibodies to dichloroacetylated and to trichloroacetylated amino acids to detect modified proteins in the target organs of PER toxicity. These antibodies were prepared by immunization of rabbits with modified keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) coupled with either the dichloroacetyl or trichloroacetyl moiety. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) indicated that the polyclonal rabbit sera recognized dichloroacetylated or trichloroacetylated rabbit serum albumin (RSA), but not unmodified protein. Therefore, we further purified rabbit antisera on either Nepsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine or Nepsilon-(trichloroacetyl)-L-lysine immobilized to immunoaffinity columns to obtain monospecific antibodies. The potential of these antibodies in the detection of di- and trichloroacetylated proteins and their selectivity for the desired dichloroacetyl or trichloroacetyl group was demonstrated in competitive enzme-linked immunosorbent assays with several structurally related compounds. Anti-dichloroacetyl (anti-DCA) antibody binding to dichloroacetylated RSA was inhibited by Nepsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine with an IC50 value of 150 microM whereas inhibition by Nepsilon-(monochloroacetyl)-L-lysine and Nepsilon-(trichloroacetyl)-L-lysine showed an IC50 value of 100 mM. The binding of the anti-trichloroacetyl (anti-TCA) antibody to trichloroacetylated RSA was inhibited by Nepsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine with an IC50 value of 80 mM. The inhibition by Nepsilon-(trichloroacetyl)-L-lysine was again 3 orders of magnitude stronger resulting in an IC50 value of 90 microM. Nepsilon-(acetyl)-L-lysine and unmodified RSA did not effect antibody binding to the chemically modified antigen. The antibodies were also successfully applied to detect modified proteins in subcellular fractions of liver and kidney from PER treated rats demonstrated in immunoblot. Protein adduct formation from different PER metabolism pathways was confirmed by the observation that the majority of dichloroacetylated proteins were located in kidney mitochondria and trichloroacetylated proteins were located in liver microsomes. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Pähler, A AU - Birner, G AU - Parker, J AU - Dekant, W AD - Institut für Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany, and United States Environmental Protection Agency, NCEA, Washington, D.C. 20460, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 995 EP - 1004 VL - 11 IS - 9 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Proteins KW - hexachloroethane KW - G30K3QQT4J KW - Ethane KW - L99N5N533T KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Chromatography, Affinity KW - Antibody Specificity KW - Animals KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Rabbits KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Antibodies -- immunology KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- metabolism KW - Ethane -- analogs & derivatives KW - Antibodies -- isolation & purification KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- immunology KW - Proteins -- drug effects KW - Antibodies -- blood KW - Ethane -- chemistry KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- immunology KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- chemistry KW - Ethane -- pharmacology KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- pharmacology KW - Ethane -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73971235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Generation+of+antibodies+to+Di-+and+trichloroacetylated+proteins+and+immunochemical+detection+of+protein+adducts+in+rats+treated+with+perchloroethene.&rft.au=P%C3%A4hler%2C+A%3BBirner%2C+G%3BParker%2C+J%3BDekant%2C+W&rft.aulast=P%C3%A4hler&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Altered alveolar macrophage function in calorie-restricted rats. AN - 73936035; 9730874 AB - Alveolar macrophage functions associated with clearance of bacteria from the lung were assessed in male Fischer 344 rats maintained on a 25% calorie-restricted diet. Calorie-restricted and ad libitum-fed (control) rats were exposed to concentrations of ozone known to compromise phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages. Ozone suppressed alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of latex beads in vitro in ad libitum-fed rats, but not in calorie-restricted rats. In fact, caloric restriction enhanced phagocytic function in both control and ozone-exposed animals. Ad libitum-fed rats exposed to ozone and challenged with Streptococcus zooepidemicus experienced a prolonged infection and influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), whereas calorie-restricted rats exposed to ozone cleared the bacteria in 24 h without an inflammatory response. Bacterial endotoxin-stimulated in vitro production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha as well as expression of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 messenger RNAs were all lower in alveolar macrophages isolated from calorie-restricted rats. Together, the data suggest that caloric restriction enhances resistance to gram-positive bacteria, while lowering the production of proinflammatory mediators elicited by endotoxin, a component of gram-negative bacteria. Although increased bacterial resistance is considered beneficial, reduction in the lung's ability to induce inflammatory mediators can have both positive and pathophysiologic consequences. JF - American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology AU - Dong, W AU - Selgrade, M K AU - Gilmour, I M AU - Lange, R W AU - Park, P AU - Luster, M I AU - Kari, F W AD - Immunotoxicology Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park; Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 462 EP - 469 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1044-1549, 1044-1549 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Streptococcus -- pathogenicity KW - Animals KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Ozone -- pharmacology KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- genetics KW - Inflammation -- microbiology KW - Neutrophils -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Cell Count -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Phagocytosis -- drug effects KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73936035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Altered+alveolar+macrophage+function+in+calorie-restricted+rats.&rft.au=Dong%2C+W%3BSelgrade%2C+M+K%3BGilmour%2C+I+M%3BLange%2C+R+W%3BPark%2C+P%3BLuster%2C+M+I%3BKari%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10441549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence detection of fluorescein as a groundwater migration tracer. AN - 73930185; 9761212 AB - Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been applied to the determination of the groundwater migration tracer dye fluorescein based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection and compared to determinations obtained with traditional spectrofluorimetry. Detection limits of injected dye in the low parts per trillion (ppt) ranges have been accomplished with both CE/LIF based on the Ar ion laser and with a spectrofluorimeter. This approach was used for a real-world problem in determining groundwater migration between adjacent Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and Superfund sites by the Environmental Sciences Division in response to regional needs and as application of new analytical tools under development. Fluorescent dye was injected into source wells and then was determined in monitoring wells by extracting pads that adsorbed the dye or by directly determining the dye in the water using solid-phase extraction (SPE), a preconcentration technique. The approaches based on CE/LIF exhibits increased specificity over existing approaches due to the separation and unique migration time of the dye. Additional studies were aimed at achieving sub-ppt levels in the water using solid-phase extraction and field-amplified injection techniques. JF - Electrophoresis AU - Ferguson, P L AU - Grange, A H AU - Brumley, W C AU - Donnelly, J R AU - Farley, J W AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 2252 EP - 2256 VL - 19 IS - 12 SN - 0173-0835, 0173-0835 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Fluorescein KW - TPY09G7XIR KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Quality Control KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Fluorescence KW - Lasers KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods KW - Fluorescein -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73930185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrophoresis&rft.atitle=Capillary+electrophoresis%2Flaser-induced+fluorescence+detection+of+fluorescein+as+a+groundwater+migration+tracer.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+P+L%3BGrange%2C+A+H%3BBrumley%2C+W+C%3BDonnelly%2C+J+R%3BFarley%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electrophoresis&rft.issn=01730835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Copper-dependent inflammation and nuclear factor-kappaB activation by particulate air pollution. AN - 73867506; 9730864 AB - Particulate air pollution causes increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality, but the chemical determinants responsible for its biologic effects are not understood. We studied the effect of total suspended particulates collected in Provo, Utah, an area where an increase in respiratory symptoms in relation to levels of particulate pollution has been well documented. Provo particulates caused cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-dependent inflammation of rat lungs. Provo particulates stimulated interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 production, increased IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) and enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in cultured BEAS-2B cells, and stimulated IL-8 secretion in primary cultures of human bronchial epithelium. Cytokine secretion was preceded by activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and was reduced by treatment of cultures with superoxide dismutase, deferoxamine, or N-acetylcysteine. These biologic effects were replicated by culturing BEAS cells with quantities of Cu2+ found in Provo extract. IL-8 secretion by BEAS cells could be modified by addition of normal constituents of airway lining fluid to the culture medium. Mucin significantly reduced IL-8 secretion, and ceruloplasmin significantly increased IL-8 secretion and activation of NF-kappaB. These findings suggest that copper ions may cause some of the biologic effects of inhaled particulate air pollution in the Provo region of the United States, and may provide an explanation for the sensitivity of asthmatic individuals to Provo particulates that has been observed in epidemiologic studies. JF - American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology AU - Kennedy, T AU - Ghio, A J AU - Reed, W AU - Samet, J AU - Zagorski, J AU - Quay, J AU - Carter, J AU - Dailey, L AU - Hoidal, J R AU - Devlin, R B AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 366 EP - 378 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1044-1549, 1044-1549 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - NF-kappa B KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 KW - 126547-89-5 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Interferons KW - 9008-11-1 KW - Ceruloplasmin KW - EC 1.16.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Histocytochemistry KW - Asthma -- physiopathology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Ceruloplasmin -- pharmacology KW - Interferons -- secretion KW - Utah KW - Cell Line KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 -- metabolism KW - Inflammation -- physiopathology KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73867506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Copper-dependent+inflammation+and+nuclear+factor-kappaB+activation+by+particulate+air+pollution.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+T%3BGhio%2C+A+J%3BReed%2C+W%3BSamet%2C+J%3BZagorski%2C+J%3BQuay%2C+J%3BCarter%2C+J%3BDailey%2C+L%3BHoidal%2C+J+R%3BDevlin%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=366&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10441549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Delayed febrile effects of chlorpyrifos: is there cross-tolerance to bacterial lipopolysaccharide? AN - 70113474; 9846993 AB - Oral chlorpyrifos (CHP) induces hypothermia followed by a fever that persists for several days in the rat. To understand the neuro-immune mechanisms of CHP-induced fever, we compared the tolerance and cross-tolerance between CHP and the fever elicited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Escherichia coli). Female rats were administered the corn oil (CO) vehicle or CHP (10 mg/kg; p.o.) daily for 4 days while core temperature (Tc) and motor activity (MA) were monitored by telemetry. There was a reduction in Tc followed by an elevation the next day after each CHP treatment. The day after the last CHP treatment, rats were administered saline or 50 microg/kg LPS (i.p.). CHP-treated rats had a smaller LPS fever that was attributed to their elevated baseline Tc. In another study, rats were dosed with saline or LPS daily for three days. By the time of the third LPS injection there was no febrile response, indicating tolerance to LPS. Rats were then dosed with CO or CHP (10 mg/kg) 24 h after the third LPS treatment. LPS-tolerant rats displayed an accentuated hypothermic and febrile response to CHP. Plasma cholinesterase activity was unaffected by repeated LPS treatment, suggesting that the metabolism of CHP in the liver was unaffected by LPS. Overall, the neural-immune mechanisms for LPS fever is distinct from that of CHP in view of marked difference in mechanisms of tolerance. JF - Toxicology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Rowsey, P J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gordon@herl45.herl.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/09/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 01 SP - 17 EP - 28 VL - 130 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Drug Tolerance KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Escherichia coli KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70113474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Delayed+febrile+effects+of+chlorpyrifos%3A+is+there+cross-tolerance+to+bacterial+lipopolysaccharide%3F&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BRowsey%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and chromosomal assignment of two heterozygous mutations in the Trp53 gene in L5178Y/Tk(+/-)-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. AN - 70022709; 9800187 AB - The thymidine kinase locus (Tk1) in Tk(+/-)-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells is widely used to identify mutagenic agents. Because Trp53 (the mouse homolog of human TP53) is located with Tk1 on chromosome 11 and is critical in regulating cellular responses following exposure to DNA damaging agents, we wanted to determine if these mouse lymphoma cells harbor mutations in Trp53. Single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of PCR-amplified exons 4-9 of Trp53 indicated mutations in both exons 4 and 5. We sequenced exons 4-9 from isolated clones of Tk(+/-)-3.7.2C cells and a Tk-/- mutant (G4). Mutant G4 has two copies of the chromosome carrying the Tk1- allele and no copy of the chromosome carrying the Tk1+ allele and thus could establish linkage of the individual Trp53 and Tk1 alleles. DNA sequence analysis revealed no mutations in exons 6-9 in any Tk(+/-)-3.7.2C or G4 clones. As suggested by SSCP, there was a nonsense mutation in exon 4 at bp 301 (codon 101) in one Trp53 allele. Tk(+/-)-3.7.2C clones have both mutant and wild-type sequences at bp 301; G4 clones have wild-type exon 4 sequence. These data allow assignment of the Trp53 exon 4 mutated allele to chromosome 11 carrying the Tk1+ allele. The exon 4 mutation leads to a stop codon early in translation, thus functionally deleting the Trp53 allele on the Tk1(+)-bearing chromosome. As previously reported, we find a missense mutation in exon 5 at bp 517 (codon 173) in one Trp53 allele. Using the G4 clones we determined that the exon 5 mutation is linked to the Tk1- allele. Thus the Tk +/-(-)3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells have two mutant Trp53 alleles, likely accounting for their rapid cell growth and contributing to their ability to detect the major types of mutational damage associated with the etiology of tumor development. This ability to integrate across the mutational events seen in the multiple stages of tumor development further supports the use of the assay in chemical and drug safety studies and its recommendation as part of the required screening battery for regulatory agency submissions. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Clark, L S AU - Hart, D W AU - Vojta, P J AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Barrett, J C AU - Moore, M M AU - Tindall, K R AD - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA. clark.scott@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 427 EP - 434 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Codon KW - 0 KW - Codon, Nonsense KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Linkage KW - Animals KW - Codon -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational KW - Exons -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Alleles KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - Codon, Nonsense -- genetics KW - Genes, p53 KW - Leukemia L5178 -- genetics KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards KW - Mutation, Missense KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70022709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Identification+and+chromosomal+assignment+of+two+heterozygous+mutations+in+the+Trp53+gene+in+L5178Y%2FTk%28%2B%2F-%29-3.7.2C+mouse+lymphoma+cells.&rft.au=Clark%2C+L+S%3BHart%2C+D+W%3BVojta%2C+P+J%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BBarrett%2C+J+C%3BMoore%2C+M+M%3BTindall%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene delivery to the neurulating embryo during culture. AN - 70021393; 9802190 AB - Modulating expression of specific genes during embryogenesis will help elucidate their role in development. Transient overexpression of specific genes can be accomplished by adding additional copies, or else antisense transcripts can be used to block expression. Manipulation of gene expression requires an efficient, nontoxic gene delivery system. We compared a plasmid and a replication-defective adenovirus (Ad5) as methods of delivering genes to the embryo during the neurulation stage of development. Both vectors utilized a construct containing the bacterial beta-galactosidase reporter gene under the control of the human cytomegalovirus early gene promoter and the SV40 polyadenylation signal. Vectors were delivered by intraamniotic microinjection to embryos prepared for whole-embryo culture. Plasmid transfection experiments were done with and without polycationic lipid (lipofectamine, 20 or 125 micrograms/microliter) enhancement at 0.1 and 0.01 microgram per embryo. Twenty-six hours after transfection with plasmid only, embryos appeared normal, but had very weak gene expression which was detected only after extended periods of staining. In contrast, adenovirus gene delivery was successful. While high concentrations of virus (6 x 10(8) particles/ microliter) elicited significant malformations, lower concentrations (1.5 x 10(8) particles/microliter) produced no malformations and intense gene expression. Time-course studies revealed staining at 6 hr postinjection, and intense staining at 26 hr. Staining appeared primarily in the neurectoderm and cells derived from the neurectoderm. This pattern of gene expression was confirmed using a green fluorescent protein-expressing adenovirus. Rapid induction of gene expression with no toxicity is critical to the utility of this technique within the whole-embryo culture system. Clearly, Ad5 transduction provides a more useful tool than plasmid vectors. JF - Teratology AU - Hartig, P C AU - Hunter, E S AD - Division of Reproductive Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. hartig.phillip@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1998 SP - 103 EP - 112 VL - 58 IS - 3-4 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Gene Expression KW - Mice KW - Microinjections KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Adenoviridae -- genetics KW - Gene Transfer Techniques KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70021393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Gene+delivery+to+the+neurulating+embryo+during+culture.&rft.au=Hartig%2C+P+C%3BHunter%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Hartig&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-01-07 N1 - Date created - 1999-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogenicity of potassium bromate administered in the drinking water to male B6C3F1 mice and F344/N rats. AN - 69996874; 9789944 AB - Ozone has been proposed for water disinfection because it is more efficient than chlorine for killing microbes and results in much lower levels of carcinogenic trihalomethanes than does chlorination. Ozone leads to formation of hypobromous acid in surface waters with high bromine content and forms brominated organic by-products and bromate. The carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity of potassium bromate (KBrO3) was studied in male B6C3F1 mice and F344/N rats to confirm and extend the results of previous work. Mice were treated with 0, 0.08, 0.4, or 0.8 g/L KBrO3 in the drinking water for up to 100 wk, and rats were provided with 0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 g/L KBrO3. Animals were euthanatized, necropsied, and subjected to a complete macroscopic examination. Selected tissues and gross lesions were processed by routine methods for light microscopic examination. The present study showed that KBrO3 is carcinogenic in the rat kidney, thyroid, and mesothelium and is a renal carcinogen in the male mouse, KBrO3 was carcinogenic in rodents at water concentrations as low as 0.02 g/L (20 ppm; 1.5 mg/kg/day). These data can be used to estimate the human health risk that would be associated with changing from chlorination to ozonation for disinfection of drinking water. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - DeAngelo, A B AU - George, M H AU - Kilburn, S R AU - Moore, T M AU - Wolf, D C AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 587 EP - 594 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Bromates KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - potassium bromate KW - 04MB35W6ZA KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Drinking KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- blood KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Bromates -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Bromates -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69996874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Carcinogenicity+of+potassium+bromate+administered+in+the+drinking+water+to+male+B6C3F1+mice+and+F344%2FN+rats.&rft.au=DeAngelo%2C+A+B%3BGeorge%2C+M+H%3BKilburn%2C+S+R%3BMoore%2C+T+M%3BWolf%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=DeAngelo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Serpent Mound magnetic anomaly; fingerprint of a meteorite impact? AN - 52550983; 1998-064285 AB - We report results of a recent ground total field magnetic survey across the Serpent Mound disturbance. Interpretation of these results suggests the disturbance was caused by a meteorite impact. The survey comprises measurements from approximately 2,000 stations covering an area of about 400 sq km. Data editing removed the effects of cultural features such as casings from three abandoned oil wells, fences, and buried cables. We collected data in greenfields as much as possible to avoid this contamination. Global Positioning Satellite stations provided control of locations away from roads. After processing data onto a 500 m (super 2) grid, median filtering attenuated short-wavelength anomalies related to cultural features. An elongated, closed magnetic high correlates with the center of the disturbance; an associated low occurs across the eastern margin of the disturbance. This positive magnetic anomaly is superimposed on a regional NNW-trending magnetic basement high. In the area of the disturbance, evidence for elevated temperatures or igneous activity is absent within Paleozoic strata. Conversely, gravity, seismic reflection, and petrographic evidence makes a compelling case for a meteorite impact origin of the disturbance. Hence, we propose the cause of the local magnetic anomaly was the passage of meteorite-impact-induced shock waves through the basement causing remagnetization of a volume of magnetic rock beneath the disturbance. Magnetic modeling was performed on the magnetic anomaly, based on an estimated depth to Precambrian basement of 1,300 meters from seismic reflection and borehole data. Our model shows that a volume of about 7 km (super 3) , given a permanent magnetization of 1 amp/m and superimposed on a regional-scale magnetic body having susceptibility of 0.025 units, will produce the observed magnetic anomaly. JF - AAPG Bulletin AU - Watts, D R AU - Elsaiti, B AU - Memmi, John M AU - Weaver, John AU - Baranoski, M B AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 1776 PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK VL - 82 IS - 9 SN - 0149-1423, 0149-1423 KW - orientation KW - remagnetization KW - Global Positioning System KW - Precambrian KW - impact features KW - geophysical surveys KW - Paleozoic KW - geophysical methods KW - basement KW - magnetic methods KW - magnetic anomalies KW - reflection methods KW - paleomagnetism KW - temperature KW - seismic methods KW - models KW - gravity methods KW - boreholes KW - magnetic susceptibility KW - surveys KW - petrography KW - Serpent Mound KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52550983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Serpent+Mound+magnetic+anomaly%3B+fingerprint+of+a+meteorite+impact%3F&rft.au=Watts%2C+D+R%3BElsaiti%2C+B%3BMemmi%2C+John+M%3BWeaver%2C+John%3BBaranoski%2C+M+B%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAPG+Bulletin&rft.issn=01491423&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aapgbull.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AAPG Eastern Section meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AABUD2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basement; boreholes; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; Global Positioning System; gravity methods; impact features; magnetic anomalies; magnetic methods; magnetic susceptibility; models; orientation; paleomagnetism; Paleozoic; petrography; Precambrian; reflection methods; remagnetization; seismic methods; Serpent Mound; surveys; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The FLAME research project; introduction and methods AN - 52515362; 1999-014705 JF - Water, Air and Soil Pollution AU - Rose, Neil L AU - Alliksaar, Tiiu AU - Bowman, J J AU - Boyle, J AU - Coles, B AU - Fott, J AU - Harlock, S AU - Juggins, S AU - Punning, Jaan-Mati AU - St Clair-Gribble, K AU - Vukic, J AU - Watt, John A2 - Rose, Neil L. A2 - Patrick, Simon Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 205 EP - 218 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht VL - 106 IS - 3-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - water quality KW - Estonia KW - Ireland KW - Europe KW - energy sources KW - Central Europe KW - sediments KW - particulate materials KW - depositional environment KW - Baltic region KW - heavy metals KW - soils KW - programs KW - Western Europe KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - research KW - United Kingdom KW - Czech Republic KW - ash KW - atmospheric transport KW - lacustrine environment KW - industrial waste KW - trace metals KW - waste disposal KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52515362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=The+FLAME+research+project%3B+introduction+and+methods&rft.au=Rose%2C+Neil+L%3BAlliksaar%2C+Tiiu%3BBowman%2C+J+J%3BBoyle%2C+J%3BColes%2C+B%3BFott%2C+J%3BHarlock%2C+S%3BJuggins%2C+S%3BPunning%2C+Jaan-Mati%3BSt+Clair-Gribble%2C+K%3BVukic%2C+J%3BWatt%2C+John&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(hi4cjunvnzs4hnradzi0ib55)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100344,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 60 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WAPLAC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ash; atmospheric transport; Baltic region; Central Europe; Czech Republic; depositional environment; energy sources; Estonia; Europe; heavy metals; industrial waste; Ireland; lacustrine environment; particulate materials; pollutants; pollution; programs; research; sediments; soils; trace metals; United Kingdom; waste disposal; water quality; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon monoxide fluxes of different soil layers in upland Canadian boreal forests AN - 51193002; 2001-030659 AB - Dark or low-light carbon monoxide fluxes at upland Canadian boreal forest sites were measured on-site with static chambers and with a laboratory incubation technique using cores from different depths at the same sites. Three different upland black spruce sites, burned in 1987, 1992 and 1995 and a control site, were chosen to determine the effects of fire, temperature, soil structure and soil covers on CO fluxes. Three different surfaces were observed at the sites--bare mineral soil with little living moss cover; burned feather mosses 5-30 cm deep; and unburned, living, green feather mosses. The static chamber measurements indicated similar deposition velocities for the burned and unburned feather moss sites [(1.54+ or -0.64) . 10 (super -2) cm s (super -1) ; (1.83+ or -0.63) . 10 (super -2) cm s (super -1) ], but significantly lower rates for sites that had burned down to the mineral soil [(1.08+ or -0.53) . 10 (super -2) cm s (super -1) , excluding data with net CO emission]. This finding was confirmed by results from the incubation measurements and shows that fire intensities determine the long-term, post-fire effect on soil-atmosphere fluxes of CO. Temperature studies with the cores showed that CO consumption rates increased from (2+ or -1)% at -15 degrees C to -13 degrees C to (43+ or -20)% at 0 degrees C to 1.5 degrees C and (68+ or -15)% at 4 degrees C to 5 degrees C of the deposition velocity values obtained at 20 degrees C. This temperature dependence was consistent with results obtained from the static chamber measurements. The temperature range studied and the dark or low-light conditions were representative for the night-time of nearly the whole six snow-free months in the boreal ecosystem. In nearly all cases, deposition velocities determined for cores from the top 5 cm with the incubation technique were the same, within experimental errors, as those determined with the static chambers. Soil CO concentration profiles taken in situ, moreover, did not show any clear trend below 5 cm. Thus we conclude that the top 5 cm of soils are determining the dark soil-atmosphere CO fluxes at these sites. The top 5 cm of soil columns are most exposed to temperature (and probably moisture) variations and are most affected by fires as well. JF - Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology AU - Kuhlbusch, Thomas A J AU - Zepp, R G AU - Miller, W L AU - Burke, R A, Jr Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 353 EP - 365 PB - Munksgaard [for the Swedish Geophysical Society], Copenhagen VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0280-6509, 0280-6509 KW - soils KW - forests KW - carbon monoxide KW - terrestrial environment KW - Canada KW - uplands KW - soil gases KW - temperature KW - measurement KW - boreal environment KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51193002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tellus%2C+Series+B%3A+Chemical+and+Physical+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Carbon+monoxide+fluxes+of+different+soil+layers+in+upland+Canadian+boreal+forests&rft.au=Kuhlbusch%2C+Thomas+A+J%3BZepp%2C+R+G%3BMiller%2C+W+L%3BBurke%2C+R+A%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Kuhlbusch&rft.aufirst=Thomas+A&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tellus%2C+Series+B%3A+Chemical+and+Physical+Meteorology&rft.issn=02806509&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0280-6509 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - boreal environment; Canada; carbon monoxide; forests; measurement; soil gases; soils; temperature; terrestrial environment; uplands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study reports LUST programs are feeling effects of MTBE releases AN - 50914240; 1999-037856 JF - Soil & Groundwater AU - Hitzig, Robert AU - Kostecki, Paul AU - Leonard, Denise Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 15 EP - 19 PB - Group III Communication, Independence, MO VL - 1998, August-September SN - 1086-1971, 1086-1971 KW - United States KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - contaminant plumes KW - regulations KW - techniques KW - drinking water KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - ethers KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - toxicity KW - chemical composition KW - leaking underground storage tanks KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - gasoline KW - pollution KW - petroleum products KW - BTEX KW - aquifers KW - carbon monoxide KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50914240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.atitle=Study+reports+LUST+programs+are+feeling+effects+of+MTBE+releases&rft.au=Hitzig%2C+Robert%3BKostecki%2C+Paul%3BLeonard%2C+Denise&rft.aulast=Hitzig&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=1998%2C+August-September&rft.issue=&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.issn=10861971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; BTEX; carbon monoxide; chemical composition; contaminant plumes; drinking water; ethers; gasoline; ground water; hydrocarbons; leaking underground storage tanks; methyl tert-butyl ether; monitoring; organic compounds; petroleum products; pollutants; pollution; regulations; remediation; techniques; toxic materials; toxicity; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of in situ cosolvent flushing dynamics using a network of spatially distributed multilevel samplers AN - 50165788; 1999-014687 AB - A network of multilevel samplers was used to evaluate the spatial patterns in contaminant extraction during an in situ cosolvent flushing field test. The study was conducted in an isolation test cell installed in a fuel contaminated site at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. Partitioning tracer tests, conducted before and after the cosolvent flush, were used to estimate the spatial distribution of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) and the effectiveness of cosolvent flushing for removing NAPL. Samples collected during the cosolvent flushing test were used to visualize the extraction process. The results of these two analyses showed similar spatial trends in mass removal and were in general agreement with observations based on soil core data. In general, the cosolvents were more effective in the upper portion of the flow domain and had slightly lower mass removal effectiveness in the lower portion of the flow domain. In this region, tracers indicated slower transport rates and higher NAPL saturations. The spatial analysis also indicated that cosolvent was trapped in the capillary fringe increasing the time required to displace the cosolvent from the aquifer. These results demonstrate the value of spatial information for performance assessment and improving in situ flushing design strategies. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Sillan, Randall K AU - Annable, Michael D AU - Rao, P Suresh C AU - Dai, Dongping AU - Hatfield, Kirk AU - Graham, Wendy D AU - Wood, A Lynn AU - Enfield, Carl G Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - September 1998 SP - 2191 EP - 2202 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 34 IS - 9 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - networks KW - experimental studies KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - purification KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - solubility KW - samples KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - spatial distribution KW - partition coefficients KW - transport KW - saturation KW - tracers KW - testing KW - Utah KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50165788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+in+situ+cosolvent+flushing+dynamics+using+a+network+of+spatially+distributed+multilevel+samplers&rft.au=Sillan%2C+Randall+K%3BAnnable%2C+Michael+D%3BRao%2C+P+Suresh+C%3BDai%2C+Dongping%3BHatfield%2C+Kirk%3BGraham%2C+Wendy+D%3BWood%2C+A+Lynn%3BEnfield%2C+Carl+G&rft.aulast=Sillan&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F98WR00938 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; experimental studies; field studies; ground water; in situ; networks; nonaqueous phase liquids; partition coefficients; pollutants; pollution; prediction; purification; remediation; samples; saturation; solubility; spatial distribution; testing; tracers; transport; United States; Utah DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98WR00938 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichloroethene levels in human blood and exhaled breath from controlled inhalation exposure. AN - 21356736; 7703988 AB - The organic constituents of exhaled human breath are representative of bloodborne concentrations through gas exchange in the blood/breath interface in the lungs. The presence of specific compounds can be an indicator of recent exposure or represent a biological response of the subject. For volatile organic compounds, sampling and analysis of breath is preferred to direct measurement from blood samples because breath collection is noninvasive, potentially infectious waste is avoided, the sample supply is essentially limitless, and the measurement of gas-phase analytes is much simpler in a gas matrix rather than in a complex biological tissue such as blood. However, to assess the distribution of a contaminant in the body requires a reasonable estimate of the blood level. We have investigated the use of noninvasive breath measurements as a surrogate for blood measurements for (high) occupational levels of trichloroethene in a controlled exposure experiment. Subjects were placed in an exposure chamber for 24 hr; they were exposed to 100 parts per million by volume trichloroethene for the initial 4 hr and to purified air for the remaining 20 hr. Matched breath and blood samples were collected periodically during the experiment. We modeled the resulting concentration data with respect to their time course and assessed the blood/breath relationship during the exposure (uptake) period and during the postexposure (elimination) period. Estimates for peak blood levels, compartmental distribution, and time constants were calculated from breath data and compared to direct blood measurements to assess the validity of the breath measurement methodology. Blood/breath partition coefficients were studied during both uptake and elimination. At equilibrium conditions at the end of the exposure, we could predict actual blood levels using breath elimination curve calculations and a literature value partition coefficient with a mean ratio of calculated:measured of 0.98 and standard error (SE) = 0.12 across all subjects. blood/breath comparisons at equilibrium resulted in calculated in vivo partition coefficients with a mean of 10.8 and SE = 0.60 across all subjects and experiments and 9.69 with SE = 0.93 for elimination-only experiments. We found that about 78% of trichloroethene entering the body during inhalation exposure is metabolized, stored, or excreted through routes other than exhalation. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Pleil, J D AU - Fisher, J W AU - Lindstrom, A B AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 573 EP - 580 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 VL - 106 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - organic constituents KW - Infectious wastes KW - Blood levels KW - Lung KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - gas exchange KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21356736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Trichloroethene+levels+in+human+blood+and+exhaled+breath+from+controlled+inhalation+exposure.&rft.au=Pleil%2C+J+D%3BFisher%2C+J+W%3BLindstrom%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Pleil&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood levels; Inhalation; Volatile organic compounds; organic constituents; Lung; Infectious wastes; gas exchange ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hurricane-Danny Precipitation-Induced Washout Channels and their Subsequent Repair Along the Southeastern End of Dauphin Island, Alabama AN - 17662183; 4472299 AB - Hurricane Danny stalled off the southeastern end of Dauphin Island, Alabama for two days during July, 1997. The storm dropped more than one meter of precipitation across this portion of the island, and caused the formation of small- and large-scale dendritic washout channels. These channels drained ponded water and transported quartz sand from areas behind the beach scarp to the surf zone along the Gulf of Mexico. The sand within these channels probably fluidized as it flowed into the surf zone. Once transported into the shallow reaches of the Gulf of Mexico, the sand was moved either further offshore or laterally via longshore currents. Within six months following the storm, a period of natural beach replenishment had repaired the washout channels along the beach scarp to almost their original elevation. The former drainage channels located behind the repaired beach scarps remain unfilled. The lack of a vegetative cover on the now restored scarps may prove to be areas of accelerated erosion during the normal beach cycle or in subsequent storms. JF - Southeastern Geology AU - Froede, CR Jr AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, Atlanta, GA 30303-3104, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 29 EP - 37 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0038-3678, 0038-3678 KW - USA, Alabama, Dauphin I. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Atmospheric precipitations KW - ASW, USA, Alabama, Dauphin I. KW - Drainage KW - Beach Erosion KW - Surf zone KW - Storms KW - Nearshore dynamics KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Channels KW - Hurricanes KW - Erosion KW - Shallow water KW - Sand KW - Quartz KW - Nearshore currents KW - Sediment transport KW - Beach erosion KW - Coasts KW - Q2 09271:Coastal morphology KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - Q2 09241:General KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17662183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeastern+Geology&rft.atitle=Hurricane-Danny+Precipitation-Induced+Washout+Channels+and+their+Subsequent+Repair+Along+the+Southeastern+End+of+Dauphin+Island%2C+Alabama&rft.au=Froede%2C+CR+Jr&rft.aulast=Froede&rft.aufirst=CR&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southeastern+Geology&rft.issn=00383678&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric precipitations; Channels; Hurricanes; Sand; Shallow water; Quartz; Nearshore currents; Sediment transport; Surf zone; Beach erosion; Nearshore dynamics; Sediment Transport; Erosion; Drainage; Beach Erosion; Storms; Coasts; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Alabama, Dauphin I. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental and reproductive toxicity of inorganic arsenic: Animal studies and human concerns AN - 17446120; 4659075 AB - Information on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of inorganic arsenic is available primarily from studies in animals using arsenite and arsenate salts and arsenic trioxide. Inorganic arsenic has been extensively studied as a teratogen in animals. Data from animal studies demonstrate that arsenic can produce developmental toxicity, including malformation, death, and growth retardation, in four species (hamsters, mice, rats, rabbits). A characteristic pattern of malformations is produced, and the developmental toxicity effects are dependent on dose, route, and the day of gestation when exposure occurs. Studies with gavage and diet administration indicate that death and growth retardation are produced by oral arsenic exposure. Arsenic is readily transferred to the fetus and produces developmental toxicity in embryo culture. Animal studies have not identified an effect of arsenic on fertility in males or females. When females were dosed chronically for periods that included pregnancy, the primary effect of arsenic on reproduction was a dose-dependent increase in conceptus mortality and in postnatal growth retardation. Human data are limited to a few studies of populations exposed to arsenic from drinking water or from working at or living near smelters. Associations with spontaneous abortion and stillbirth have been reported in more than one of these studies, but interpretation of these studies is complicated because study populations were exposed to multiple chemicals. Thus, animal studies suggest that environmental arsenic exposures are primarily a risk to the developing fetus. In order to understand the implications for humans, attention must be given to comparative pharmacokinetics and metabolism, likely exposure scenarios, possible mechanisms of action, and the potential role of arsenic as an essential nutrient. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B AU - Golub AU - Macintosh AU - Baumrind, N AD - RCHAS, OEHHA, Cal/EPA, 301 Capitol Mall, 2nd Floor, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA, sactopo.mgolub@hwl.cahwnet.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 199 EP - 241 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - development KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Reviews KW - Teratogenicity KW - Reproduction KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17446120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B&rft.atitle=Developmental+and+reproductive+toxicity+of+inorganic+arsenic%3A+Animal+studies+and+human+concerns&rft.au=Golub%3BMacintosh%3BBaumrind%2C+N&rft.aulast=Golub&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+B&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Arsenic; Reproduction; Teratogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Index of Watershed Indicators AN - 17153532; 4451076 AB - First Issued in 1997, Now a Tool for Coastal Protection; Yields `Big Picture' Status, Vulnerability, Regional System Interactions To Abet Focus & Coordination on Priority Water-Quality Action. JF - Sea Technology AU - Spooner, C AU - Lehmann, S AD - Monitoring Branch of the Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 51 VL - 39 IS - 9 SN - 0093-3651, 0093-3651 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Catchment area KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Indicators KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Pollution indicators KW - Coasts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Environmental protection KW - Water quality control KW - USA KW - Coastal zone KW - Indexing KW - Environment management KW - Indicator species KW - O 4095:Instruments/Methods KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17153532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sea+Technology&rft.atitle=Index+of+Watershed+Indicators&rft.au=Spooner%2C+C%3BLehmann%2C+S&rft.aulast=Spooner&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sea+Technology&rft.issn=00933651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Catchment area; Pollution monitoring; Indicators; Water quality; Watersheds; Environmental protection; Water quality control; Coastal zone; Environment management; Pollution indicators; Indicator species; Coasts; Indexing; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The dilemma of sampling streams for macroinvertebrate richness AN - 17143378; 4445218 JF - Journal of the North American Benthological Society AU - Larsen, D P AU - Herlihy, A T AD - National Health and Ecological Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, larsenail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 359 EP - 366 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0887-3593, 0887-3593 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Streams KW - Community composition KW - Species diversity KW - Zoobenthos KW - Biological sampling KW - Benthos KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17143378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+North+American+Benthological+Society&rft.atitle=The+dilemma+of+sampling+streams+for+macroinvertebrate+richness&rft.au=Larsen%2C+D+P%3BHerlihy%2C+A+T&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+North+American+Benthological+Society&rft.issn=08873593&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Community composition; Species diversity; Biological sampling; Zoobenthos; Streams; Benthos ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurological effects on startle response and escape from predation by medaka exposed to organic chemicals AN - 17127249; 4432785 AB - Simultaneous electrophysiological and behavioral studies were performed on 21-32 day old juvenile medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed at sublethal concentrations to organic chemicals representing various modes of action. Non-invasive recordings were made of the electrical impulses generated within giant neuronal Mauthner cells, associated interneurons and motoneurons, and axial musculature, all of which initiate the startle or 'escape' response in fish. Timing in ms between these electrical sequelae was measured for each fish before and after 24 and 48 h exposure to a chemical. Carbaryl and phenol affected Mauthner cell to motoneuron transmission while chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, phenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) showed neuromuscular effects. The variety of neurological effects detected at various concentrations of chemicals tested here suggest that different mechanisms may be responsible. Also noted was the number of startle responses to number of stimuli ratio (R/S); this ratio was affected by most chemicals. Medaka generally appeared to be more susceptible to predation after exposure to chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, fenvalerate, endosulfan, phenol, 1-octanol and DNP. The effects threshold for many of the test compounds was found to be consistent for both the neurophysiological and behavioral endpoints. Consequently, electrophysiological responses of Mauthner cell-initiated startle responses provided a measure of neurological injury that is also directly correlated to a definitive and ecologically relevant behavioral endpoint. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Carlson, R W AU - Bradbury, S P AU - Drummond, R A AU - Hammermeister, DE AD - Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804 USA Y1 - 1998/09/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 01 SP - 51 EP - 68 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - 1-octanol KW - 2,4-Dinitrophenol KW - 2,4-dinitrophenol KW - Medaka KW - Oryzias latipes KW - chlorpyrifos KW - medaka KW - neurology KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Fenvalerate KW - Predation KW - Carbaryl KW - Xenobiotics KW - Toxicity tests KW - Behavioural responses KW - Nervous system KW - Neurological complications KW - Neurophysiology KW - Endosulfan KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Toxicity testing KW - Chemicals KW - Pollution effects KW - Protective behaviour KW - Water pollution effects KW - Electrophysiology KW - Phenols KW - Startle response KW - Behavior KW - Sublethal effects KW - Pesticides KW - Organic compounds KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17127249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Neurological+effects+on+startle+response+and+escape+from+predation+by+medaka+exposed+to+organic+chemicals&rft.au=Carlson%2C+R+W%3BBradbury%2C+S+P%3BDrummond%2C+R+A%3BHammermeister%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic organisms; Predation; Protective behaviour; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Electrophysiology; Behavioural responses; Toxicity tests; Phenols; Neurophysiology; Nervous system; Behavior; Sublethal effects; Pesticides; Organic compounds; Chemicals; Fenvalerate; Neurological complications; Carbaryl; Xenobiotics; Endosulfan; Chlorpyrifos; Startle response; Toxicity testing; Oryzias latipes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of an index of biological integrity (IBI) to fish assemblages of the rivers Khan and Kshipra (Madhya Pradesh), India AN - 17119726; 4422917 AB - 1. A multimetric index of fish assemblage integrity was developed and similarity analyses were conducted on fish species in two central Indian rivers and the effects of distance from municipal and industrial effluents on those indices then evaluated. 2. Five metrics from Karr et al. were adopted: intolerant species richness, % omnivorous individuals, % top carnivore individuals, total number of individuals and % individuals with anomalies. Seven new metrics (native species richness, native family richness, benthic species richness, water column species richness, % non-native individuals, % tolerant individuals and % herbivorous individuals) were added. 3. Non-native individuals represented 1-55% of the assemblages at sampled sites which held fish. 4. Fish were present at eleven sites and not collected at two sites, despite heavy metal concentrations exceeding U.S. Environmental Protection Agency acute criteria at all sites. 5. Two types of metric scoring were examined. The traditional 5-3-1 method showed the same pattern as continuous scoring from 0 to 10, but produced a higher integrity class at one site. 6. Scores on our modified index of fish assemblage integrity increased with distance downstream from a major effluent source in each river. Jaccard similarity scores between the least disturbed downstream site and all other sites decreased with increasing distance and disturbance. 7. It was concluded that Karr's original index and its theoretical foundations are easily adaptable, even to an ichthyofauna containing no species, and only two families (Cyprinidae, Poeciliidae), in common with the midwestern United States. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Ganasan, V AU - Hughes, R M AD - Dynamac, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, hughesb@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 367 EP - 383 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - India KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Pisces KW - Community structure KW - Ecosystem stability KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17119726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Application+of+an+index+of+biological+integrity+%28IBI%29+to+fish+assemblages+of+the+rivers+Khan+and+Kshipra+%28Madhya+Pradesh%29%2C+India&rft.au=Ganasan%2C+V%3BHughes%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Ganasan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pisces; Ecosystem stability; Rivers; Community structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thyroxine replacement attenuates hypothyroxinemia, hearing loss, and motor deficits following developmental exposure to Aroclor 1254 in rats AN - 17116957; 4422655 AB - The nervous system is dependent upon thyroid hormones for normal development, and we previously reported that developmental Aroclor 1254 (A1254) exposure caused hypothyroxinemia, hearing loss and other behavioral changes in rats. The hypothesis that A1254-induced hypothyroxinemia may have contributed to the observed functional changes was tested in primiparous Long-Evans rats given daily oral doses of corn oil (control) or 8 mg/kg of Aroclor 1254 from gestation day (GD) 6 through postnatal day (PND) 21. In addition, from PND 4 to PND 21, all pups in one-half of the litters received daily, subcutaneous injections of saline or 100 mu g/kg thyroxine (T4), to yield four groups of litters: corn oil plus saline (CO-S), corn oil plus T4 (CO-T4), Aroclor 1254 plus saline (PCB-S), and Aroclor 1254 plus T4 (PCB-T4). We measured thyroid hormone concentrations (T4 and T3) in serum collected from 7-, 14-, and 21-day-old pups. The kinetics of the injected T4 were also monitored in the CO-T4 and PCB-T4 groups on PND 7 and 21 by measuring T4 and T3 at 1, 3, 5, 8, and 24 h after injection. Circulating T4 concentrations were dramatically depleted in the PCB-S group relative to CO-S. The kinetics study indicated that T4 therapy raised circulating T4 concentrations following in the PCB-T4 pups to near CO-S concentrations, but only for approximately 6 h postinjection, and T4 concentrations fell precipitously thereafter to near PCB-S concentrations. In accord with previous studies, PCB-S pups showed early eye opening, an effect which was exacerbated by T4 injection (in both the CO-T4 and the PCB-T4 groups). Motor activity (figure-eight maze) testing also replicated our finding of an age-dependent, transient reduction in motor activity on PND 15 that was significantly attenuated in the PCB-T4 group. Similarly, we again found reduced acoustic startle amplitudes on PND 23 and low-frequency (1 kHz) hearing loss in animals tested as adults (the latter determined by reflex modification audiometry). Importantly, the hearing loss at 1 kHz in PCB-exposed animals was significantly attenuated by T4 replacement therapy. These data suggest the hypothesis that hypothyroxinemia is involved in PCB-induced alterations in motor and auditory function, while other effects (e.g., eye opening) appear to have a different mechanism of action. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Goldey, E S AU - Crofton, K M AD - Neurotoxcology Division MD-74B, NHEERL, MS EPA, RTP, NC 27711, USA, crofton.kevin@epa.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 94 EP - 105 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Aroclor 1254 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Motor task performance KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Thyroxine KW - Hearing KW - PCB KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17116957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Thyroxine+replacement+attenuates+hypothyroxinemia%2C+hearing+loss%2C+and+motor+deficits+following+developmental+exposure+to+Aroclor+1254+in+rats&rft.au=Goldey%2C+E+S%3BCrofton%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Goldey&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thyroxine; Neurotoxicity; PCB; Motor task performance; Hearing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perchlorate Chemistry: Implications for Analysis and Remediation AN - 17106869; 4419766 AB - Since the discovery of perchlorate in the ground and surface waters of several western states, there has been increasing interest in the health effects resulting from chronic exposure to low (parts per billion [ppb]) levels. With this concern has come a need to investigate technologies that might be used to remediate contaminated sites or to treat contaminated water to make it safe for drinking. Possible technologies include physical separation (precipitation, anion exchange, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis), chemical and electrochemical reduction, and biological or biochemical reduction. A fairly unique combination of chemical and physical properties of perchlorate poses challenges to its analysis and reduction in the environment or in drinking water. The implications of these properties are discussed in terms of remediative or treatment strategies. Recent developments are also covered. JF - Bioremediation Journal AU - Urbansky, E T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Water Supply and Water Resources Division, Treatment Technology Evaluation Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 81 EP - 95 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1088-9868, 1088-9868 KW - perchlorate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Surface water KW - Water treatment KW - Pollution KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Remediation KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Drinking water KW - Technology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17106869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioremediation+Journal&rft.atitle=Perchlorate+Chemistry%3A+Implications+for+Analysis+and+Remediation&rft.au=Urbansky%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Urbansky&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioremediation+Journal&rft.issn=10889868&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Physicochemical properties; Surface water; Remediation; Water treatment; Groundwater pollution; Technology; Drinking water; Biodegradation; Pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling of PCB concentrations in water and biota (Mytilus edulis) in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts AN - 17106663; 4420591 AB - The water column concentration and bioaccumulation of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener CB052 was modeled in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, using site-specific hydrodynamics and loading information. Equilibrium partitioning theory was used to estimate interstitial water CB052 concentrations from sediment concentrations in New Bedford Harbor and Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. The rate of CB052 vertical flux from the interstitial water to the overlying water column was calculated by multiplying the vertical concentration gradient at the sediment-water interface by a flux coefficient. The vertical flux coefficient and the flux rate from model-generated water-column concentrations were calculated using an interative procedure. Movement of CB052 within New Bedford Harbor was simulated using calibrated two-dimensional, vertically-integrated, finite element hydrodynamic and transport models. Quasi-steady-state water column concentrations and a field-derived bioconcentration factor were used to predict the expected concentration of CB052 in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) at two stations in New Bedford Harbor. The model was used to predict the effects of two remedial scenarios (i.e., reducing average sediment total PCB concentrations to 50 ppm or 10 ppm) on concentrations of CB052 in water and blue mussel tissue. Based on the model results, the CB052 concentration in blue mussels would be reduced by 33-53% for the 50 ppm option and by 67-84% for the 10 ppm option. JF - Estuaries AU - Abdelrhman, MA AU - Bergen, B J AU - Nelson, W G AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, abdelrhman.mohamedpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 435 EP - 448 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - Edible blue mussel KW - Mytilus edulis KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - USA, Massachusetts, Buzzards Bay KW - USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Biota KW - Pollution indicators KW - PCB KW - Mussels KW - Sediment-water interfaces KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Marine molluscs KW - Model studies KW - Prediction KW - Models KW - Mollusca KW - PCB compounds KW - Interstitial water KW - Simulation KW - Sediments KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Marine pollution KW - Remediation KW - Harbors KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17106663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+PCB+concentrations+in+water+and+biota+%28Mytilus+edulis%29+in+New+Bedford+Harbor%2C+Massachusetts&rft.au=Abdelrhman%2C+MA%3BBergen%2C+B+J%3BNelson%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Abdelrhman&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Hydrodynamics; Simulation; Interstitial water; Sediments; Models; Biota; Bioaccumulation; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Marine pollution; Marine molluscs; Harbors; Pollution indicators; PCB; polychlorinated biphenyls; Remediation; PCB compounds; Mollusca; Sediment-water interfaces; Mussels; Model studies; Mytilus edulis; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid separation of microbial lipids using solid phase extraction columns AN - 17102042; 4400905 AB - A method was developed to rapidly separate lipid classes commonly found in microorganisms. The method is based on the use of aminopropyl solid phase extraction columns to separate polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), phospholipids, sterols, triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, and steryl esters. Recoveries of all lipid classes, with the exception of PHA and sterols, ranged from 91% to greater than 99%. PHA were recovered at 69% of the standard, and sterols from 82-84% of the standard. When applied to the analysis of lipids extracted from the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis, the method afforded excellent recovery and separation of phospholipids and diglycerides including saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The S. platensis lipids also contained hydrocarbons and phytol recovered in the steryl ester and diglyceride fractions, respectively. This method provided a high yield, specific and rapid separation of microbial lipids with little contamination from other lipid groups, and will be useful for the characterization of microbial communities in environmental samples. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Pinkart, H C AU - Devereux, R AU - Chapman, P J AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1998/09/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Sep 01 SP - 9 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Lipids KW - Microorganisms KW - Column chromatography KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32215:Chromatography KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17102042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Rapid+separation+of+microbial+lipids+using+solid+phase+extraction+columns&rft.au=Pinkart%2C+H+C%3BDevereux%2C+R%3BChapman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Pinkart&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Column chromatography; Microorganisms; Lipids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elemental fish tissue contamination in Northeastern U.S. lakes: Evaluation of an approach to regional assessment AN - 17101710; 4411917 AB - The approach of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) to monitoring of fish tissue contaminants is shown to have utility for regional assessment, and for discrimination of regional from local contamination. The survey sampling design employed by EMAP can be used to make regional assessments without conducting a complete resource inventory. The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program--Surface Waters conducted a survey of 167 lakes in the northeastern United States during 1992 through 1994 and analyzed whole fish composite samples for contaminants, including Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. Using fish tissue contaminant consumption risk levels derived from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency hazard assessment models, methylmercury (MeHg) was determined to be the elemental contaminant of regional concern to fish consumers: 26% of lakes contained fish with MeHg exceeding a human critical value of 0.2 mu g/g; 54 and 98% of lakes contained fish with MeHg exceeding wildlife critical values for piscivorous mammals (0.1 mu g/g) and birds (0.02 mu g/g), respectively. The other elements analyzed appeared to be at safe levels on a regional scale, or only of localized concern with regard to human health. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Yeardley, RB Jr AU - Lazorchak, J M AU - Paulsen, S G AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA, lazorchak.jimpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 1875 EP - 1884 VL - 17 IS - 9 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - USA, Northeast KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Contamination KW - Heavy metals KW - Freshwater fish KW - Public health KW - Lakes KW - Cadmium KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Metals KW - Chromium KW - Tissue analysis KW - Fish KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Pollution effects KW - Pisces KW - Dimethylmercury KW - Methylmercury KW - Water pollution effects KW - Water pollution KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Aluminum KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17101710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Elemental+fish+tissue+contamination+in+Northeastern+U.S.+lakes%3A+Evaluation+of+an+approach+to+regional+assessment&rft.au=Yeardley%2C+RB+Jr%3BLazorchak%2C+J+M%3BPaulsen%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Yeardley&rft.aufirst=RB&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Metals; Chromium; Heavy metals; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Freshwater fish; Water pollution; Public health; Lakes; Bioaccumulation; Aluminum; Cadmium; Fish; Freshwater pollution; Contamination; Dimethylmercury; Methylmercury; Tissue analysis; Pisces; USA, Northeast ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental isotopes for resolution of hydrology problems AN - 16555093; 4377318 AB - The use of environmental isotopes as tracers in the hydrosphere is increasing as analytical instrumentation improves and more applications are discovered. There exists still misconceptions on the role of isotopes in resolving hydrology problems. Naturally occurring isotopes in the environment describe hydrological processes, estimate ages, fingerprint sources and pathways, yet are not subject to the regulatory restraints of artificial isotope injections nor the limited extent of many chemical tracers, particularly dyes and particulates. A short review is presented for practicing hydrologists on the basis for employing stable and radioactive isotopes and a synopsis of recent isotope hydrology applications is provided. Special focus is presented on the emergent role of water isotopes ( super(18)O, super(2)H, super(3)H) in wet-weather flow research in urban watersheds. A brief technical approach for an experimental site in the Mill Creek Watershed, Ohio is outlined. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Sidle, W C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 5995 Center Hill Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 389 EP - 410 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - USA, Ohio, Mill Creek KW - USA, Ohio, Mill Creek Watershed KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Isotopes KW - Watersheds KW - Hydrogen isotopes KW - Tracers KW - Isotope studies KW - Hydrology KW - Urban watersheds KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Oxygen isotopes KW - Dyes KW - Radioisotopes KW - Radioactive tracers KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q2 09162:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Environmental+isotopes+for+resolution+of+hydrology+problems&rft.au=Sidle%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Sidle&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxygen isotopes; Environmental monitoring; Tracers; Isotopes; Dyes; Radioisotopes; Hydrology; Watersheds; Radioactive tracers; Hydrogen isotopes; Isotope studies; Urban watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The spatial distribution of characterised fly-ash particles and trace metals in lake sediments and catchment mosses: Ireland AN - 16125291; 4509628 AB - Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) from the sediments of 48 Irish lakes were enumerated and characterised according to fuel type. The concentration of metals was determined in the surface sediments and in selected mosses from the catchments of these lakes. Generally the metal concentrations in both the surface sediments and mosses were consistent with background levels found in the remote parts of Europe. Where higher metal concentrations occurred these could often be accounted for by local geochemical sources. SCP levels in the sediments of the selected lakes along the east coast were of sufficient magnitude to suggest a transboundary influence notwithstanding local sources. SCP characterisation also suggests the influence of emissions in Northern Ireland on deposition, particularly in the north-west of Ireland. There was reasonable correlation between the concentration of oil particles in the surface sediments and vanadium, but not with nickel, in mosses. SCP concentrations were not correlated with measured physical characteristics of the lakes. The level of deposition indicated is not likely to have a significant impact on human health over and above the damaging effects of urban dwelling but the adverse impact of this deposition on acid-sensitive surface waters in Ireland has been recorded. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Bowman, J J AU - Harlock, S AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Pottery Rd., Dun Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, Ireland Y1 - 1998/09// PY - 1998 DA - Sep 1998 SP - 263 EP - 286 VL - 106 IS - 3-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Eire KW - Hornworts KW - Ireland KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Catchment area KW - Combustion products KW - Lake Sediments KW - Fuels KW - Nickel KW - Particulates KW - Freshwater KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Bryophyta KW - Public health KW - ANE, British Isles, Northern Ireland KW - Acid Rain KW - Oil KW - Lakes KW - ANE, Europe KW - Oil pollution KW - Coasts KW - Metals KW - Sediment pollution KW - ANE, Eire KW - Geochemistry KW - Catchment Areas KW - Fly ash KW - Mosses KW - Sediments KW - Metal Concentration KW - Water pollution KW - Air pollution KW - Trace Metals KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Fly Ash KW - Catchments KW - Deposition KW - Air-water interactions KW - Trace metals KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q2 09405:Oil and gas KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16125291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=The+spatial+distribution+of+characterised+fly-ash+particles+and+trace+metals+in+lake+sediments+and+catchment+mosses%3A+Ireland&rft.au=Bowman%2C+J+J%3BHarlock%2C+S&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005089212101 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Air pollution; Sediment pollution; Bioaccumulation; Fuels; Nickel; Fly ash; Oil pollution; Water pollution; Metal Concentration; Trace metals; Public health; Pollutant deposition; Lakes; Combustion products; Catchments; Air-water interactions; Particulates; Bryophyta; Oil; Acid Rain; Metals; Catchment Areas; Deposition; Mosses; Sediments; Coasts; Trace Metals; Fly Ash; Lake Sediments; Geochemistry; Spatial Distribution; ANE, British Isles, Northern Ireland; ANE, Europe; ANE, Eire; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005089212101 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermoregulation in rats exposed perinatally to dioxin: core temperature stability to altered ambient temperature, behavioral thermoregulation, and febrile response to lipopolysaccharide. AN - 73883987; 9726785 AB - Recent studies have shown that perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) alters thermoregulatory function in adult rats and hamsters, indicated by a reduced body temperature during the animal's nocturnal phase. The present study was designed to assess the behavioral thermoregulation, ability to develop a fever, and thermoregulatory stability as a function of ambient temperature (Ta) in rats exposed perinatally to TCDD. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were exposed on gestational day (GD) 15 to 1 microg TCDD/kg (po). The male offspring were implanted with transmitters to monitor core temperature (Tc) and motor activity (MA). The 24-h pattern of core temperature was affected by TCDD exposure, characterized by a reduced nocturnal Tc. At some ages, the diurnal Tc of the TCDD group was elevated. This dysfunction in temperature regulation was most apparent at 7 and 11 mo of age. The 24-h pattern of MA was also altered by TCDD. The hypothermic effects of TCDD were most pronounced at cooler Ta values of 10 to 22 degrees C. In contrast, behavioral thermoregulation, assessed by measuring the selected Ta and Tc of rats in a temperature gradient, was unaffected by TCDD. The ability to develop a fever following administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin (Escherichia coli; 50 microg/kg) was accentuated in the TCDD-treated animals. The data confirm a nocturnal hypothermia in rats prenatally exposed to TCDD. However, the normal behavioral regulation of Tc suggests that hypothalamic thermoregulatory centers are not permanently altered. The accentuated fever in TCDD animals shows possible functional alterations in the neuroimmune and/or thermoregulatory axes involved in fever. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Gordon, C J AU - Miller, D B AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. gordon@herl45.herl.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/08/21/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 21 SP - 647 EP - 662 VL - 54 IS - 8 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Temperature KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- administration & dosage KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73883987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Thermoregulation+in+rats+exposed+perinatally+to+dioxin%3A+core+temperature+stability+to+altered+ambient+temperature%2C+behavioral+thermoregulation%2C+and+febrile+response+to+lipopolysaccharide.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-08-21&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adhesion of water-borne particulates on freshwater biota. AN - 69967567; 9770322 AB - The retention of suspended particles transported by river flow on surfaces of freshwater plants is a potentially important process in the contamination of aquatic biota. Field experiments have been performed to test the role of benthic algae (periphyton) in trapping inorganic suspended solids transported by the river water and to discriminate between the caesium content of periphyton caused by the adherence of inorganic solids and by the active uptake inside the organisms. The contribution of caesium of suspended solids adhering to biotic surfaces was estimated by determining the scandium content (scandium method). The scandium method was used because this element is geologically ubiquitous in soils and it is not taken up actively by plants and other organisms. The mass of suspended particles retained on the surfaces of microorganisms growing on submerged substrates were determined by comparing the scandium content of suspended material with that in algal communities. Neutron activation analysis was used as the analytical method for determination for both scandium, and caesium. The results indicate that the suspended particle fraction can contribute up to 80% of the caesium contamination of periphyton samples. Active caesium uptake and accumulation by aquatic biota represents the remaining 20% of the total caesium contamination. JF - The Science of the total environment AU - Sansone, U AU - Belli, M AU - Riccardi, M AU - Alonzi, A AU - Jeran, Z AU - Radojko, J AU - Smodis, B AU - Montanari, M AU - Cavolo, F AD - ANPA-National Environmental Protection Agency, Roma, Italy. Y1 - 1998/08/12/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Aug 12 SP - 21 EP - 28 VL - 219 IS - 1 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Cesium KW - 1KSV9V4Y4I KW - Scandium KW - YUJ4U1EW7R KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants -- metabolism KW - Scandium -- metabolism KW - Fresh Water -- microbiology KW - Neutron Activation Analysis KW - Eukaryota -- metabolism KW - Cesium -- metabolism KW - Cell Adhesion KW - Water Microbiology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69967567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=Adhesion+of+water-borne+particulates+on+freshwater+biota.&rft.au=Sansone%2C+U%3BBelli%2C+M%3BRiccardi%2C+M%3BAlonzi%2C+A%3BJeran%2C+Z%3BRadojko%2C+J%3BSmodis%2C+B%3BMontanari%2C+M%3BCavolo%2C+F&rft.aulast=Sansone&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1998-08-12&rft.volume=219&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-04 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutation spectra of complex mixtures. AN - 80035247; 9675232 AB - Mutation spectra of complex mixtures or simple binary mixtures have been determined thus far only in Salmonella. This review summarizes these studies, which have involved a variety of complex mixtures, chemical fractions of the mixtures, and single compounds that are representative of the primary chemical classes within the mixtures. For the particulate organics from urban air and municipal waste incinerator emissions, cigarette smoke condensate, and organic extracts of chlorinated drinking water, the mutation spectrum of the mixture reflected the dominance of one or a few chemical classes within the mixture. The mutation spectra of sunlight and cigarette smoke in Salmonella were similar to those found in the p53 gene of skin or lung tumors in people associated with exposure to these two mutagens. These data provide possible mechanistic links between the types of mutations induced by complex environmental mutagens in an experimental organism (Salmonella) and the types of mutations found in humans exposed to the same environmental mutagens. The primary class of mutation produced by many mutagens within a chemical class (and even among different classes) is frequently the same. These studies indicate that, to some extent, complex mixture-induced mutation spectra can be modeled by the predominant mutagenic chemical class in that mixture and even by a single model compound in that chemical class. Such information should be useful in the interpretation of mutation spectra in molecular epidemiological studies where the exposure is primarily to a complex mixture. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JF - Mutation research AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. demarini.david@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 411 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Mutagens KW - Smoke KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Animals KW - Incineration KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Tobacco KW - Sunlight KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Mutagens -- isolation & purification KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80035247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Mutation+spectra+of+complex+mixtures.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=411&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive effects of environmentally relevant polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins on [3H]phorbol ester binding in rat cerebellar granule cells. AN - 80031636; 9681975 AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent contaminants that exist as complex mixtures in the environment. One problem faced by risk assessors is that the possible interactive effects of specific PCB congeners and related chemicals found in environmental and biological samples have not been systematically investigated. Some PCBs perturb Ca2+ homeostasis and cause protein kinase C (PKC) translocation in neuronal cell cultures and in brain homogenate preparations at concentrations where no cytotoxicity is observed, and these systems are necessary for the growth and normal functioning of neurons. The changes in second messenger systems appear to be associated with the extent of noncoplanarity of the PCB molecule. We studied the interactive effects of selected PCB congeners, a PCB metabolite, and a dioxin on PKC translocation, as determined by [3H]phorbol ester binding in cerebellar granule cells. The binary combinations included coplanar and noncoplanar PCB congeners or PCB congeners with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)/PCB metabolite. In addition, we tested the interactive effects of several PCB congeners (three or more) found in environmental samples such as human milk and blood, contaminated fish, and brain samples from PCB-treated animals. The results indicated that 1) the coplanar congener [3,3',4, 4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TeCB)] did not alter the in vitro activity of the noncoplanar (2,2',5,5'-TeCB) or coplanar [4, 4'-dichlorobiphenyl (DCB)] congeners; 2) binary mixtures of active PCB congeners (2,2',4,4'-TeCB and 2,2'-DCB; 2,2'-DCB and 3,5-DCB; 2,2',3,5',6-PeCB and 2,2',4,4',5-PeCB) interact in a dose-additive manner; 3) TCDD did not alter the activity of either coplanar (3,3', 4,4'-TeCB) or noncoplanar (2,2',5,5'-TeCB) congeners; 4) the interaction between the parent PCB congener and hydroxy metabolite of PCB is additive; 5) PCB congener mixtures at the ratios found in environmental samples are biologically active; and 6) there was no indication of synergism in any of the combinations studied. These results suggest that the biological effects of binary mixtures of PCB congeners fit a dose-additive model, indicating that there is a specific site of action for these PCB congeners which is independent of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Environmental mixtures contain mostly noncoplanar PCB congeners, and because they appear to be biologically active, the potential human health risk by this group of chemicals should be considered in the risk assessment of PCBs. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Kodavanti, P R AU - Ward, T R AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 479 EP - 486 VL - 106 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate KW - 37558-16-0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Female KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacology KW - Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- pharmacology KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Dioxins -- pharmacology KW - Cerebellum -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80031636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Interactive+effects+of+environmentally+relevant+polychlorinated+biphenyls+and+dioxins+on+%5B3H%5Dphorbol+ester+binding+in+rat+cerebellar+granule+cells.&rft.au=Kodavanti%2C+P+R%3BWard%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Kodavanti&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 1996 May;104(5):550-7 [8743444] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1996 Apr;30(2):178-86 [8812263] N Engl J Med. 1996 Sep 12;335(11):783-9 [8703183] Arch Toxicol. 1996;70(3-4):150-7 [8825671] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1996 Nov;34(1):118-31 [8937899] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1996 Nov;26(6):709-37 [8958469] Neurotoxicology. 1997;18(2):425-41 [9291492] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Oct;105(10):1106-15 [9349838] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1979 May 31;320:1-730 [287392] Environ Res. 1979 Apr;18(2):466-74 [116844] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1984 Sep;13(5):517-27 [6435547] Child Dev. 1985 Aug;56(4):853-60 [3930167] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1986 Nov;15(6):687-707 [3098189] Toxicology. 1987 May;44(2):159-69 [3031851] J Neurosci. 1987 Jul;7(7):2203-13 [2886565] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1988 Nov;17(6):711-9 [3147615] J Pediatr. 1990 Jan;116(1):38-45 [2104928] Toxicology. 1990 Jul;63(1):97-111 [2166363] J Neurosci. 1991 Apr;11(4):891-9 [2010811] Exp Neurol. 1991 Apr;112(1):95-103 [2013310] Carcinogenesis. 1991 May;12(5):793-800 [1827616] J Neurochem. 1991 Aug;57(2):391-6 [1649249] Toxicology. 1991;69(1):27-34 [1926153] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1991 Oct;111(1):33-42 [1949034] Toxicol Lett. 1992 Jan;60(1):19-25 [1539179] Life Sci. 1992;50(16):PL125-8 [1552828] Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1992;32:449-70 [1605574] Neurotoxicology. 1992 Spring;13(1):27-35 [1508429] JAMA. 1992 Dec 9;268(22):3213-8 [1433761] Brain Res. 1993 Feb 26;604(1-2):192-6 [7681344] Neurochem Res. 1993 Feb;18(2):133-8 [8097287] Neurochem Int. 1993 May;22(5):417-33 [8485448] Reprod Toxicol. 1993 May-Jun;7(3):237-48 [8318755] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Nov;123(1):97-106 [8236268] Arch Toxicol. 1993;67(9):598-604 [8311686] Dev Med Child Neurol. 1994 Apr;36(4):312-20 [8157153] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1994;24(2):87-149 [8037844] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1995 Jan;130(1):140-8 [7839361] Brain Res. 1994 Oct 31;662(1-2):75-82 [7859093] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1995 Jun;26(1):117-26 [7657055] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1995 Oct;134(2):204-13 [7570596] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1995 Aug;27(1):131-9 [7589923] Pharmacol Toxicol. 1995 Aug;77(2):149-54 [8584506] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 May;102(5):464-9 [8593850] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Jun;138(2):251-61 [8658526] Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Dec 7;293(4):463-74 [8748700] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of a Finnish mutagenicity model to drinking waters in the U.S. AN - 79994652; 9661275 AB - Recent epidemiological studies conducted in Finland have reported a positive correlation between the mutagenicity of chlorinated drinking waters and certain human cancers. In these studies, past exposure to drinking water mutagenicity was assessed using a model developed by Vartiainen et al. [1] based on data collected in Finland. In this model, mutagenicity, as determined in the Ames assay, is a function of the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of the water, chlorine dose, and to a minor extent, the concentration of ammonia. A study has been initiated to assess the applicability of this model to source waters and water treatment practices in the United States. Water samples were collected from three full-scale treatment plants and one pilot-scale plant. All the plants used chlorine exclusively for disinfection. One full-scale plant used ground water. Surface water sources were used by the other plants. TOC and ammonia concentrations were determined analytically and chlorine doses were obtained from the treatment plants. The water samples were concentrated by XAD resin adsorption for testing in the Ames assay. The observed levels of mutagenicity in the finished waters were 1.5 to 2-fold higher than those predicted using the model as specified in Vartiainen et al. [1]. Consequently, further validation is needed prior to widespread use of the Finnish model to assess exposure to mutagenicity in chlorinated drinking waters in the United States. JF - Chemosphere AU - Schenck, K M AU - Wymer, L J AU - Lykins, B W AU - Clark, R M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 451 EP - 464 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Resins, Synthetic KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - amberlite KW - 9079-25-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Finland KW - Resins, Synthetic -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Chlorine -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Chlorine -- adverse effects KW - Water Purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79994652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Application+of+a+Finnish+mutagenicity+model+to+drinking+waters+in+the+U.S.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+K+M%3BWymer%2C+L+J%3BLykins%2C+B+W%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral approaches to the assessment of attention in animals. AN - 73872234; 9725746 AB - Increasing awareness that disorders of attention may underlie cognitive dysfunctions associated with intoxication and neurodegenerative disease has stimulated research into the neural bases of attention. Because attention comprises a constellation of hypothetical cognitive processes, it can only be inferred from behavior, of either human or non-human subjects, under appropriate experimental conditions. Many behavioral procedures have been proposed for modeling attention in animals, but not all of these procedures have been systematically associated with specific attentional processes. This review endeavors to evaluate critically the construct validity of these procedures (i.e., to determine the degree to which a given procedure assesses a particular process) and to suggest experiments to improve the conceptual links between these procedures and the processes they purport to assess. Five categories of processes have been identified from the animal literature: orienting, expectancy, stimulus differentiation (including stimulus salience, discrimination of a critical stimulus from its context, and selection among stimuli), sustained attention, and parallel processing. The review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of specific behavioral procedures for assessing these categories of attentional processes and, given the conceptual uncertainties involved, it attempts to summarize the present state of knowledge of the pharmacology and neurobiology of attention. JF - Psychopharmacology AU - Bushnell, P J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 231 EP - 259 VL - 138 IS - 3-4 SN - 0033-3158, 0033-3158 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Models, Biological KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Attention -- physiology KW - Attention -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73872234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+approaches+to+the+assessment+of+attention+in+animals.&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology&rft.issn=00333158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-04 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998 Aug;138(3-4):260-2; discussion 263-5 [9725747] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - AH receptor, ARNT, glucocorticoid receptor, EGF receptor, EGF, TGF alpha, TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2, and TGF beta 3 expression in human embryonic palate, and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). AN - 70006728; 9787404 AB - Protein and mRNA for epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha), EGF receptor, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1), TGF beta 2, TGF beta 3, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and the Ah receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) were localized in gestational days (GD) 49-59 human embryonic secondary palates. The response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was determined for expression of these genes following palatal organ culture. Craniofacial tissues were shipped in medium from the Human Embryology Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Half of each specimen was cultured in control medium and half in medium containing TCDD at either 1 x 10(-8) or 1 x 10(-10) M. After fixation and paraffin-embedding, sections were examined either immunohistochemically or by in situ hybridization. Expression patterns were determined for each gene for the major stages of palatogenesis and in response to TCDD and compared to previously determined patterns of expression in the same developmental stages of palatogenesis for the mouse (GD49-59 in human palatogenesis corresponds to GD12-16 in the mouse). Human and mouse palates were dissimilar in particular spatiotemporal patterns of expression of these genes. Relative to patterns in mouse palatal development, human tissues demonstrated expression of EGF at early palatal stages, expression of EGF receptor and TGF alpha throughout fusion events, and uniform expression of TGF beta 3 in all epithelial regions without specifically higher levels in the medial cells. The responses to TCDD also differed in patterns of gene expression as well as in concentration required to induce hyperplasia of the medial epithelium. In summary, human palates expressed all of these regulatory genes, responses to TCDD were detected, and comparison between mouse and human palates revealed interspecies variation that may be a factor in each species' response to TCDD, as well as other teratogenic exposures. JF - Teratology AU - Abbott, B D AU - Probst, M R AU - Perdew, G H AU - Buckalew, A R AD - Division of Reproductive Toxicology, National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 30 EP - 43 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - ARNT protein, human KW - 0 KW - Arnt protein, mouse KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Growth Substances KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Receptors, Glucocorticoid KW - Transcription Factors KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator KW - 138391-32-9 KW - Epidermal Growth Factor KW - 62229-50-9 KW - Transforming Growth Factors KW - 76057-06-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - In Situ Hybridization KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Gestational Age KW - Epidermal Growth Factor -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Organ Culture Techniques KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental -- drug effects KW - Transforming Growth Factors -- genetics KW - Growth Substances -- genetics KW - Palate -- drug effects KW - Palate -- metabolism KW - Growth Substances -- pharmacology KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Growth Substances -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Glucocorticoid -- genetics KW - Palate -- embryology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70006728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=AH+receptor%2C+ARNT%2C+glucocorticoid+receptor%2C+EGF+receptor%2C+EGF%2C+TGF+alpha%2C+TGF+beta+1%2C+TGF+beta+2%2C+and+TGF+beta+3+expression+in+human+embryonic+palate%2C+and+effects+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29.&rft.au=Abbott%2C+B+D%3BProbst%2C+M+R%3BPerdew%2C+G+H%3BBuckalew%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of combinations of methanol and formic acid on rat embryos in culture. AN - 69999556; 9787406 AB - Acute human exposure to methanol (MeOH) results in elevated serum concentrations of both MeOH and formic acid. In order to better assess the risk of adverse developmental effects of MeOH exposure in humans, the effects of the combination of formate and MeOH, in addition to the individual toxicity profiles for MeOH and formate, need to be established. Gestational day 9 rat embryos were exposed to various concentrations of MeOH and formate in whole embryo culture (WEC) for 48 hr and the degree of embryotoxicity was evaluated using developmental score (DEVSC) as the parameter of comparison across exposure combinations. After establishing embryo toxicity of the individual compounds in previous studies, concentrations of MeOH and formate were chosen which would produce similar DEVSCs, and isoboles were plotted joining the equivalently toxic doses. These mixtures would be expected to have similar toxicity to the MeOH or formate concentrations according to a dose-addition model. The responses of embryos to the selected concentrations along each isobole were measured and tested for linearity to determine the nature of any interaction between the two agents. The concentrations of MeOH and formate used separately and in combination ranged from 0 to 8.75 mg/ml MeOH and 0 to 1.51 mg/ml formate. Increasing concentrations of either MeOH or formate resulted in significant decreases in DEVSC. Exposure to combinations of MeOH and formate had less effect on DEVSC than would be expected based on simple toxicity additivity. This observation was also true for embryonic crown-rump length, head length, and somite number. These results suggest that the embryotoxicity observed following low level exposure to MeOH is mechanistically different from that observed following exposure to formate. JF - Teratology AU - Andrews, J E AU - Ebron-Mccoy, M AU - Schmid, J E AU - Svendsgaard, D AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 54 EP - 61 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Formates KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - formic acid KW - 0YIW783RG1 KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Drug Interactions KW - Culture Techniques KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Methanol -- administration & dosage KW - Formates -- toxicity KW - Methanol -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Formates -- administration & dosage KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69999556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+combinations+of+methanol+and+formic+acid+on+rat+embryos+in+culture.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+J+E%3BEbron-Mccoy%2C+M%3BSchmid%2C+J+E%3BSvendsgaard%2C+D&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - North American landscape characterization dataset development and data fusion issues AN - 52547089; 1998-070500 JF - Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing AU - Lunetta, Ross S AU - Lyon, John G AU - Guindon, Bert AU - Elvidge, Christopher D Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 821 EP - 829 PB - American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, VA VL - 64 IS - 8 SN - 0099-1112, 0099-1112 KW - United States KW - North America KW - Laurentia KW - monitoring KW - data acquisition KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - satellite methods KW - Landsat KW - data bases KW - Great Lakes KW - Canadian Shield KW - landscapes KW - land use KW - remote sensing KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52547089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=North+American+landscape+characterization+dataset+development+and+data+fusion+issues&rft.au=Lunetta%2C+Ross+S%3BLyon%2C+John+G%3BGuindon%2C+Bert%3BElvidge%2C+Christopher+D&rft.aulast=Lunetta&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=00991112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canadian Shield; data acquisition; data bases; data processing; Great Lakes; land use; Landsat; landscapes; Laurentia; mapping; monitoring; North America; remote sensing; satellite methods; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation at a marine Superfund site; surficial sediment PCB congener concentration, composition, and redistribution AN - 52543509; 1998-065988 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Bergen, B J AU - Rahn, K, A AU - Nelson, W G Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 216 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - monitoring KW - Superfund KW - pollutants KW - PCBs KW - pollution KW - remediation KW - organic compounds KW - New Bedford Harbor KW - Buzzards Bay KW - Massachusetts KW - marine environment KW - sediments KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - congeners KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52543509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Remediation+at+a+marine+Superfund+site%3B+surficial+sediment+PCB+congener+concentration%2C+composition%2C+and+redistribution&rft.au=Bergen%2C+B+J%3BRahn%2C+K%2C+A%3BNelson%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=216&rft.issue=&rft.spage=ENVR+085&rft.isbn=0841236275&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 216th American Chemical Society national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Buzzards Bay; chlorinated hydrocarbons; congeners; halogenated hydrocarbons; marine environment; Massachusetts; monitoring; New Bedford Harbor; organic compounds; PCBs; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sediments; Superfund; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enantiomeric composition of polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers in aquatic biota and bed sediments AN - 52543251; 1998-065995 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Wong, Charles S AU - Garrison, A Wayne Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 216 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - pollutants KW - PCBs KW - pollution KW - biota KW - atropisomers KW - organic compounds KW - tracers KW - sediments KW - composition KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - aquatic environment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52543251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Enantiomeric+composition+of+polychlorinated+biphenyl+atropisomers+in+aquatic+biota+and+bed+sediments&rft.au=Wong%2C+Charles+S%3BGarrison%2C+A+Wayne&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=216&rft.issue=&rft.spage=ENVR+095&rft.isbn=0841236275&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 216th American Chemical Society national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic environment; atropisomers; biota; chlorinated hydrocarbons; composition; halogenated hydrocarbons; organic compounds; PCBs; pollutants; pollution; sediments; tracers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cr(VI) bioreduction in the Cr-contaminated subsurface environment AN - 52542996; 1998-066004 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Hong, Jihua AU - Sewell, Guy W Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 216 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - toxic materials KW - underground space KW - pollutants KW - polysaccharides KW - pollution KW - techniques KW - bioremediation KW - sucrose KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - organic compounds KW - decontamination KW - metals KW - carbohydrates KW - chromium KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52542996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Cr%28VI%29+bioreduction+in+the+Cr-contaminated+subsurface+environment&rft.au=Hong%2C+Jihua%3BSewell%2C+Guy+W&rft.aulast=Hong&rft.aufirst=Jihua&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=216&rft.issue=&rft.spage=ENVR+127&rft.isbn=0841236275&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 216th American Chemical Society national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioremediation; carbohydrates; chromium; decontamination; ground water; metals; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; polysaccharides; remediation; sucrose; techniques; toxic materials; underground space ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of field-scale studies in tiered assessments of pesticide impacts on ground water used for drinking water AN - 52542833; 1998-065962 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Barrett, M R AU - Peckenpaugh, J AU - Liu, S L Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 216 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - drinking water KW - environmental effects KW - ground water KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52542833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Use+of+field-scale+studies+in+tiered+assessments+of+pesticide+impacts+on+ground+water+used+for+drinking+water&rft.au=Barrett%2C+M+R%3BPeckenpaugh%2C+J%3BLiu%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=216&rft.issue=&rft.spage=AGRO+161&rft.isbn=0841236275&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 216th American Chemical Society national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drinking water; environmental effects; field studies; ground water; leaching; monitoring; pesticides; pollutants; pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of chlorinated and brominated alkanes from drinking water using reverse osmosis AN - 52479620; 1999-037847 JF - Aqua (London) AU - Fronk, C A AU - Lykins, B W, Jr Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 183 EP - 195 PB - International Water Supply Association, Oxford-New York-Toronto VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0003-7214, 0003-7214 KW - osmosis KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - water quality KW - physicochemical properties KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - techniques KW - hydrochemistry KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - organic compounds KW - dissolved materials KW - desalinization KW - decontamination KW - water treatment KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - particulate materials KW - pesticides KW - nitrate ion KW - geochemistry KW - reverse osmosis KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52479620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aqua+%28London%29&rft.atitle=Removal+of+chlorinated+and+brominated+alkanes+from+drinking+water+using+reverse+osmosis&rft.au=Fronk%2C+C+A%3BLykins%2C+B+W%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Fronk&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aqua+%28London%29&rft.issn=00037214&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AQUAAA N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; decontamination; desalinization; dissolved materials; drinking water; geochemistry; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; hydrochemistry; nitrate ion; organic compounds; osmosis; particulate materials; pesticides; physicochemical properties; pollution; reverse osmosis; surface water; techniques; water quality; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparative study of two methods for modeling soil water regime in agricultural fields AN - 52365324; 2000-032567 JF - Water Resources Management AU - Tsiros, John X AU - Elmaloglou, Stamatis AU - Ambrose, Robert B, Jr Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 285 EP - 293 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht-Boston VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0920-4741, 0920-4741 KW - soil profiles KW - hysteresis KW - Western Europe KW - finite difference analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - agriculture KW - Europe KW - water balance KW - simulation KW - evapotranspiration KW - models KW - finite element analysis KW - SWATRER KW - Richards equation KW - Belgium KW - Gembloux Belgium KW - water regimes KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52365324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Management&rft.atitle=A+comparative+study+of+two+methods+for+modeling+soil+water+regime+in+agricultural+fields&rft.au=Tsiros%2C+John+X%3BElmaloglou%2C+Stamatis%3BAmbrose%2C+Robert+B%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Tsiros&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Management&rft.issn=09204741&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(0j23p045e4cou0nbbennj355)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:103011,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Belgium; Europe; evapotranspiration; finite difference analysis; finite element analysis; Gembloux Belgium; hydraulic conductivity; hysteresis; models; Richards equation; simulation; soil profiles; statistical analysis; SWATRER; water balance; water regimes; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity and Pathogenicity Testing of the Insect Pest Control Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae AN - 1859159055; 9680524 AB - Renewed interest in the use of Metarhizium anisopliae and its toxins for insect control prompted the following safety assessment. A neutral extract (methylene chloride, pH 7.2), derived from M. anisopliae cultures, was evaluated for toxicity and mutagenicity using aquatic animal bioassays and the Ames test. The average LC50 of the neutral extract obtained in static, acute 96-h tests conducted with 0.05) mortalities or malformations. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Genthner AU - Chancy AU - Couch AU - Foss AU - Middaugh AU - George AU - Warren AU - Bantle AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - August 1998 SP - 317 EP - 324 VL - 35 IS - 2 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859159055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+Pathogenicity+Testing+of+the+Insect+Pest+Control+Fungus+Metarhizium+anisopliae&rft.au=Genthner%3BChancy%3BCouch%3BFoss%3BMiddaugh%3BGeorge%3BWarren%3BBantle&rft.aulast=Genthner&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=1432-0703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 1998-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential sediment denitrification rates in estuaries of northern Gulf of Mexico AN - 17580395; 4652544 AB - The three-season average of sediment potential denitrification rates (PDRs) (i.e., NO sub(3) super(-) saturated; acetylene blockage method) for five study areas within urban bayous and bays in the Pensacola Bay area, Florida, ranged between 43 and 223 nmol of N g super(-1) h super(-1). Average PDRs extrapolated to a unit area basis approximated 500 to 1000 mu mol of N m super(-2) h super(-1) that are relatively high values but comparable to those where conditions for denitrification are favorable. A regression model, based on a larger number of measured environmental factors for the spring than fall and winter indicated that NO sub(2) super(-) + NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations explained most of the total variability (R super(2): 27%; P < 0.003) in PDRs. The NO sub(2) super(-) + NO sub(3) super(-) concentrations were also predictive of PDRs (R super(2) ranged from 0.56-0.98; all P-values <0.05) on four separate occasions for comparisons made within five study areas and three seasons. Sediment trace metal concentrations (e.g., Ni), based on published values, were high enough to cause reduction in PDRs through direct toxicity to denitrifiers at several stations. Sediment metals toxicities, based on published sediment quality guidelines, could occasionally cause a reduction in macrobenthic infaunal bioturbation and irrigation. Such a reduction could attenuate the flux of dissolved oxygen into sediments and cause a reduction in denitrification rates by limiting the coupled processes of nitrification and denitrification. Also, a reduction in the flux of NO sub(2) super(-) or NO sub(3) super(-), a substrate for denitrification, into sediments can directly limit denitrification rates. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Flemer, DA AU - Lores, E M AU - Bundrick, C M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Div., 1 Sabine Island Dr., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA, flemer-david@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 859 EP - 868 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Mexico Gulf KW - USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Nitrates KW - Estuaries KW - Geochemistry KW - Dissolved Oxygen KW - Statistical analysis KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay KW - Sediments KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Trace Metals KW - Nitrification KW - Marine environment KW - Chemical reactions KW - Denitrification KW - Chemical Reactions KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Trace metals KW - Bays KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17580395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Potential+sediment+denitrification+rates+in+estuaries+of+northern+Gulf+of+Mexico&rft.au=Flemer%2C+DA%3BLores%2C+E+M%3BBundrick%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Flemer&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment chemistry; Nitrification; Chemical reactions; Denitrification; Geochemistry; Statistical analysis; Dissolved oxygen; Trace metals; Nitrates; Marine environment; Estuaries; Sediments; Bays; Trace Metals; Chemical Reactions; Dissolved Oxygen; Statistical Analysis; ASW, USA, Florida, Pensacola Bay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Tire-Derived Fuel for Use in Nitrogen Oxide Reduction by Reburning AN - 17402623; 4633425 AB - Tire-derived fuel (TDF) was tested in a small-scale (44 kW or 150,000 Btu/hr) combustor to determine its feasibility as a fuel for use in reburning for control of nitrogen oxide (NO). TDF was gravity-fed into upward flowing combustion gases from a primary natural gas flame doped with ammonia to simulate a high NO combustion process. Emissions of NO, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter were measured. The tests varied the nominal primary NO level from 600 to 1,200 ppm and the primary stoichiometry from 1.1 to 1.2, and used both natural gas and TDF as reburn fuels. The reburn injection rate was varied to achieve 8-20% of the total heat input from the reburn fuel. NO emissions reductions ranged between 20 and 63% when using TDF, depending upon the rate of TDF injection, primary NO, and primary stoichiometry. NO emission reductions when using natural gas as the reburn fuel were consistently higher than those when using TDF. While additional work remains to optimize the process and evaluate costs, TDF has been shown to have the potential to be a technically viable reburning fuel. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Miller, CA AU - Lemieux, P M AU - Touati, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 729 EP - 735 VL - 48 IS - 8 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Fuels KW - Emission control KW - Air pollution control KW - Particulates KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Oxygen KW - Refuse derived fuels KW - Tires KW - Nitric oxide KW - Carbon dioxide KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17402623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Tire-Derived+Fuel+for+Use+in+Nitrogen+Oxide+Reduction+by+Reburning&rft.au=Miller%2C+CA%3BLemieux%2C+P+M%3BTouati%2C+A&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Refuse derived fuels; Tires; Air pollution control; Fuels; Emission control; Nitric oxide; Oxygen; Carbon dioxide; Carbon monoxide; Particulates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rural Ozone Across the Eastern United States: Analysis of CASTNet Data, 1988-1995 AN - 17401027; 4633420 AB - A predominantly rural ozone monitoring network was operated under the auspices of the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) from 1988 until 1995. Ozone data from sites in the eastern United States are presented and several indices are used to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone concentration and exposure. These indices are SUM06, W126, the 8-hour rolling average (MAX sub(8hr)>80), and the current National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone. Ozone indices were selected to illustrate the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone, and the sensitivity of this distribution to different representations of concentration or exposure. CASTNet is unique in that a uniform set of site selection criteria and uniform procedures, including traceability to a single primary standard, provide a high degree of comparability across sites. Sites were selected to avoid undue influence from point sources, area sources, or local activities. The sites reflect a wide range of land use and terrain types including agricultural and forested, in flat, rolling, and complex terrain from the eastern seaboard across the Appalachian Mountains to the Midwest. Results indicate that ozone concentrations varied greatly in time and space across the eastern United States. Sites in the upper northeast, upper midwest, and southern periphery subregions experienced relatively low ozone during the years of record compared to sites in the northeast, midwest, and south central subregions. Ozone exposures at an individual rural site are dependent on many factors, including terrain, meteorology, and distance from sources of precursors. Relative to the current (as of 1996) NAAQS, only a handful of CASTNet sites near major urban areas report exceedances. In contrast, the majority of CASTNet sites might exceed the proposed new primary standard for ozone. Sites at high elevation (>900m) in the east exhibit relatively high exposure statistics (e.g., SUM06 and W126), but no exceedance of the current ozone standard from 1988 through 1995. Terrain effects explain some of the variability within subregions and are an important consideration in the design of monitoring networks for ozone and possibly other pollutants. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Baumgardner, R E AU - Edgerton, E S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 674 EP - 688 VL - 48 IS - 8 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - CASTNet KW - USA, Eastern KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air quality standards KW - Historical account KW - Land use KW - Rural areas KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17401027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Rural+Ozone+Across+the+Eastern+United+States%3A+Analysis+of+CASTNet+Data%2C+1988-1995&rft.au=Baumgardner%2C+R+E%3BEdgerton%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Baumgardner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ozone; Rural areas; Land use; Air quality standards; Historical account ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of thyroid follicular cell tumors AN - 17321447; 4590715 AB - Thyroid follicular cell tumors arise in rodents from mutations, perturbations of thyroid and pituitary hormone status with increased stimulation of thyroid cell growth by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or a combination of the two. The only known human thyroid carcinogen is ionizing radiation. It is not known for certain whether chemicals that affect thyroid cell growth lead to human thyroid cancer. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency applies the following science policy positions: 1) chemically induced rodent thyroid tumors are presumed to be relevant to humans; 2) when interspecies information is lacking, the default is to assume comparable carcinogenic sensitivity in rodents and humans; 3) adverse rodent noncancer thyroid effects due to chemically induced thyroid-pituitary disruption are presumed to be relevant to humans; 4) linear dose-response considerations are applied to thyroid cancer induced by chemical substances that either do not disrupt thyroid functioning or lack mode of action information; 5) nonlinear thyroid cancer dose-response considerations are applied to chemicals that reduce thyroid hormone levels, increase TSH and thyroid cell division, and are judged to lack mutagenic activity; and 6) nonlinear considerations may be applied in thyroid cancer dose-response assessments on a case-by-case basis for chemicals that disrupt thyroid-pituitary functioning and demonstrate some mutagenic activity. Required data for risk assessment purposes is mode of action information on mutagenicity, increases in follicular cell growth (cell size and number) and thyroid gland weight, thyroid-pituitary hormones, site of action, correlations between doses producing thyroid effects and cancer, and reversibility of effects when dosing ceases. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hill, R N AU - Crisp, T M AU - Hurley, P M AU - Rosenthal, S L AU - Singh, D V AD - Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (7101), 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 447 EP - 457 VL - 106 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - USA, Environmental Protection Agency KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Thyroid KW - Government policy KW - Chemical pollution KW - Tumors KW - Carcinogens KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17321447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+thyroid+follicular+cell+tumors&rft.au=Hill%2C+R+N%3BCrisp%2C+T+M%3BHurley%2C+P+M%3BRosenthal%2C+S+L%3BSingh%2C+D+V&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Government policy; Risk assessment; Carcinogens; Tumors; Thyroid; Chemical pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents AN - 17321380; 4590714 AB - Of 240 pesticides screened for carcinogenicity by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs, at least 24 (10%) produce thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents. Thirteen of the thyroid carcinogens also induce liver tumors, mainly in mice, and 9 chemicals produce tumors at other sites. Some mutagenic data are available on all 24 pesticides producing thyroid tumors. Mutagenicity does not seem to be a major determinant in thyroid carcinogenicity, except for possibly acetochlor; evidence is less convincing for ethylene thiourea and etridiazole. Studies on thyroid-pituitary functioning, including indications of thyroid cell growth and/or changes in thyroxine, triiodothyronine, or thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, are available on 19 pesticides. No such antithyroid information is available for etridiazole, N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, terbutryn, triadimefon, and trifluralin. Of the studied chemicals, only bromacil lacks antithyroid activity under study conditions. Intrathyroidal and extrathyroidal sites of action are found: amitrole, ethylene thiourea, and mancozeb are thyroid peroxidase inhibitors; and acetochlor, clofentezine, fenbuconazole, fipronil, pendimethalin, pentachloronitrobenzene, prodiamine, pyrimethanil, and thiazopyr seem to enhance the hepatic metabolism and excretion of thyroid hormone. Thus, with 12 pesticides that mode of action judgments can be made, 11 disrupt thyroid-pituitary homeostasis only; no chemical is mutagenic only; and acetochlor may have both antithyroid and some mutagenic activity. More information is needed to identify other potential antithyroid modes of thyroid carcinogenic action. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hurley, P M AU - Hill, R N AU - Whiting, R J AD - Office of Pesticide Programs (7509C), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 437 EP - 445 VL - 106 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - mice KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Pesticides KW - Thyroid KW - Tumors KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17321380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mode+of+carcinogenic+action+of+pesticides+inducing+thyroid+follicular+cell+tumors+in+rodents&rft.au=Hurley%2C+P+M%3BHill%2C+R+N%3BWhiting%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticides; Carcinogenesis; Tumors; Thyroid ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of chemical toxicity to aquatic organisms: ECOSAR vs. Microtox registered assay AN - 17169250; 4469270 AB - This study was designed to compare the toxicities of various chemical explosives and related compounds to aquatic organisms as predicted by a luminescent bacterium assay (Microtox registered assay) and by the computer program ECOSAR. Toxicities were rated "very toxic," "toxic," or "less toxic" using the same criteria as the published bacterium assay. The two methods agree for most of the 24 compounds studied, and the disagreements are about equally divided as to which method predicts the greater toxicity. Experimental toxicity data were available for 12 of the 24 compounds. With these data, ECOSAR made eight predictions that coincided with the experimental toxicity class, while the luminescent bacterium assay predicted seven. For 17 of 21 experimental LC sub(50) values, ECOSAR predicted log LC sub(50) within one log unit. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality AU - Cash, G G AD - New Chemicals Screening and Assessment Branch, Risk Assessment Division (7403), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 211 EP - 216 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1053-4725, 1053-4725 KW - Bacteria KW - ECOSAR KW - Performance assessment KW - comparative studies KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Aquatic life KW - Xenobiotics KW - Toxicity tests KW - Assay KW - Algae KW - Luminous organisms KW - Bioassays KW - Explosives KW - Toxicity testing KW - Chemicals KW - Pollution effects KW - Computer programs KW - Luminescence KW - Computers KW - Toxicity KW - Luminous bacteria KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17169250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Water+Quality&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+chemical+toxicity+to+aquatic+organisms%3A+ECOSAR+vs.+Microtox+registered+assay&rft.au=Cash%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Cash&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Water+Quality&rft.issn=10534725&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; Bacteria; Aquatic organisms; Bioassays; Computers; Luminous organisms; Pollution effects; Toxicity; Explosives; Luminescence; Toxicity tests; Algae; Chemicals; Xenobiotics; Toxicity testing; Luminous bacteria; Aquatic life; Assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A pharmacodynamic analysis of TCDD-induced cytochrome P450 gene expression in multiple tissues: Dose- and time-dependent effects AN - 17099818; 4398735 AB - The ability of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) to alter gene expression and the demonstration that the induction of CYP1A2 is responsible for hepatic TCDD sequestration suggest that both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic events must be incorporated for a quantitative description of TCDD disposition. In this paper, a biologically based pharmacodynamic (BBPD) model for TCDD-induced biochemical responses in multiple tissues was developed. The parameters responsible for tissue response were estimated simultaneously with a refined physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model developed by Wang et al. (1997a), by using the time-dependent effects of TCDD on induced CYP1A1 /CYP1A2 gene expression in multiple target tissues (liver, lungs, kidneys, and skin) of female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 10 mu g TCDD/kg for 30 min, 1, 3, 8, or 24 h, or 7, 14, or 35 days. This refined BBPD model developed based on the time-course of TCDD-induced CYP1A1/CYP1A2 protein expression, and associated enzymatic activities well described the dose-dependent effects of TCDD on cytochrome P450 protein expression and associated enzyme activities in the multiple tissues of female Sprague-Dawley rats at 3 days following a single exposure to TCDD (0.01-30.0 mu g TCDD/kg). This is the first BBPD model to quantitatively describe the time- and dose-dependent effects of TCDD on induced CYP1A1/CYP1A2 protein expression and associated enzyme activities in multiple target tissues for TCDD-induced biochemical responses. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Santostefano, MJ AU - Wang, X AU - Richardson, V M AU - Ross, D G AU - Devito, MJ AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, 200 Baker Avenue, Chapel Hill, 27599-7270, North Carolina, santostefano.michael@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 294 EP - 310 PB - Academic Press VL - 151 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - cytochrome P450 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Tissues KW - Biochemistry KW - Dioxins KW - Gene expression KW - Rats KW - Dose-response effects KW - Toxicology KW - Skin KW - TCDD KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Cytochrome KW - Lung KW - Liver KW - Kidney KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17099818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=A+pharmacodynamic+analysis+of+TCDD-induced+cytochrome+P450+gene+expression+in+multiple+tissues%3A+Dose-+and+time-dependent+effects&rft.au=Santostefano%2C+MJ%3BWang%2C+X%3BRichardson%2C+V+M%3BRoss%2C+D+G%3BDevito%2C+MJ%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Santostefano&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicology; Dose-response effects; Pharmacokinetics; Kidney; Biochemistry; Liver; Tissues; Skin; TCDD; Lung; Rats; Dioxins; Cytochrome; Gene expression ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potency equivalency factors for some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives AN - 17095995; 4409476 AB - Potency equivalency factors (PEFs) for cancer induction relative to benzo[a]pyrene have been derived for 21 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH derivatives based on a data preference scheme. PEFs have been derived only for PAHs with demonstrated carcinogenicity in bioassays. Cancer potency values and inhalation unit risks are presented for four additional carcinogenic PAHs based on expedited risk assessments conducted for California's Proposition 65. A much larger number of PAHs and PAH derivatives are considered mutagenic or genotoxic and may have limited evidence for carcinogenicity, but these compounds are not considered in this evaluation. New cancer bioassay data and possibly structure-activity analysis may indicate that additional PAHs are carcinogenic. Thus, additional PAHs may be identified as potential human carcinogens when such data become available. However, until that time the PEFs proposed for use in risk assessment were estimated only for PAHs currently classified as carcinogens. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Collins, J F AU - Brown, J P AU - Alexeeff, G V AU - Salmon, A G AD - Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, 94704, California Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 45 EP - 54 PB - Academic Press VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - man KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Risk assessment KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Cancer KW - Bioassays KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17095995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Potency+equivalency+factors+for+some+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+and+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+derivatives&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+F%3BBrown%2C+J+P%3BAlexeeff%2C+G+V%3BSalmon%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenicity; Risk assessment; Bioassays; Carcinogenesis; Benzo(a)pyrene; Cancer; Inhalation; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GC/MS analysis of PCB congeners in blood of the harbor seal. Phoca vitulina from San Francisco Bay AN - 16556409; 4397994 AB - Here we report a validated technique for quantifying up to 20 specific PCB congeners in 1-2 g samples of whole blood with a detection limit below 1 ng/g (ppb) wet weight. Specimens were analyzed from 14 harbor seals sampled in south San Francisco Bay, California during 1991-1992. Ratios of specific congeners to PCB-153, and other aspects of congener pattern, agreed with published values for PCB's detected in seal blood. PCB-153 constituted 30 percent of our capital sigma PCB values. The mean capital sigma PCB concentration for the San Francisco Bay seals was 50 ppb, about three times the average level reported for blood of captive seals fed exclusively on fish from the Baltic's PCB-contaminated Dutch Wadden Sea. Such experimental populations have exhibited depressed reproductive success and impaired immune function. These findings support concerns about the ecological effects of PCB contamination in San Francisco Bay. JF - Chemosphere AU - Young, D AU - Becerra, M AU - Kopec, D AU - Echols, S AD - U.S. EPA, Western Ecology Division, 2111 SE Marine Science Dr., Newport, OR 97365, USA, young.davidpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 711 EP - 733 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Harbor seal KW - Phoca vitulina KW - USA, California, San Francisco Bay KW - Wadden Sea KW - Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Animals KW - Detection limits KW - Gas chromatography KW - PCB KW - Bays KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Haematology KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - INE, USA, California, San Francisco Bay KW - Blood analysis KW - Ecological effects KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Pollution effects KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - PCB compounds KW - Immunology KW - Measuring techniques KW - Water pollution effects KW - Seals KW - Water pollution KW - Blood KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Marine mammals KW - Marine organisms KW - Reproduction KW - Biological sampling KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16556409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=GC%2FMS+analysis+of+PCB+congeners+in+blood+of+the+harbor+seal.+Phoca+vitulina+from+San+Francisco+Bay&rft.au=Young%2C+D%3BBecerra%2C+M%3BKopec%2C+D%3BEchols%2C+S&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=711&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immunology; Measuring techniques; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Water pollution; Haematology; Blood; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Bioaccumulation; Gas chromatography; Marine mammals; Marine organisms; Reproduction; Biological sampling; PCB; Bays; Animals; polychlorinated biphenyls; PCB compounds; Blood analysis; Mass spectrometry; Ecological effects; Detection limits; Quantitative analysis; Seals; Phoca vitulina; INE, USA, California, San Francisco Bay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Primary nutrients and the biotic integrity of rivers and streams AN - 16552485; 4394183 AB - Controls to reduce loadings of primary nutrients to maintain biotic integrity in rivers and streams have not been widely implemented because the relation between nutrients and chlorophyll, and its consequences for higher trophic levels, is confounded in lotic ecosystems by their openness, the variable degree of nutrient limitation and by the effect of physical factors. The relationship between primary nutrients and biotic integrity in rivers and streams was tested using biological, physical and chemical information collected since 1982 from similar locations in streams throughout Ohio using standard procedures. There was a negative correlation between nutrients, especially total phosphorus, and biotic integrity. The deleterious effect of increasing nutrient concentration on fish communities in low order streams was detectable when nutrient concentrations exceeded background conditions (total inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus > 0.61 mg L super(-1) and 0.06 mg L super(-1), respectively). These results suggest that the control of release of toxins and oxygen-demanding wastes to rivers is insufficient to protect aquatic life, and confirm the importance of nonpoint sources of pollution in catchment planning as well as the combined effect of habitat and riparian quality on nutrient assimilation. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Miltner, R J AU - Rankin, E T AD - Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, 1685 Westbelt Drive, Columbus, OH 43228, USA, bob.miltner@epa.state.oh.us Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 145 EP - 158 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - USA, Ohio KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Pisces KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Nutrient balance KW - Streams KW - D 04310:Freshwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16552485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Primary+nutrients+and+the+biotic+integrity+of+rivers+and+streams&rft.au=Miltner%2C+R+J%3BRankin%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Miltner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pisces; Streams; Aquatic organisms; Rivers; Nutrient balance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of salinity on binding of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn to dissolved organic matter AN - 16548161; 4382663 AB - Salinity can affect binding of metals to humic acid and thus affect bioavailability, however, the effects are poorly understood. The fraction of Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr (at 100 mu g/L) complexed with Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) was measured at salinities of 0, 1, 3, 10, and 15 psu using 1000 Dalton ultrafiltration membranes. In distilled water, 10 mg SRHA/L bound at least 40% of each metal. Except for Cu, metal binding decreased to less than 20% at salinities between 1 and 15 psu. Copper binding decreased to 27% at 3 psu, but increased to approximately 60% bound at 15 psu. Copper complexation with natural dissolved organics from a local estuary was also measured and ranged from 25 to 100%. JF - Chemosphere AU - Lores, E M AU - Pennock, J R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1 Sabine Island Dr., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 861 EP - 874 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Bioavailability KW - Complexation KW - Fate KW - Metal binding KW - Suwannee River Humic Acid KW - binding KW - bioavailability KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Heavy metals KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Pollution effects KW - Copper KW - Salinity KW - Salinity effects KW - Zinc KW - Cadmium KW - Metals KW - Chromium KW - Brackishwater pollution KW - Organic matter KW - Estuaries KW - Estuarine chemistry KW - Chemical reactions KW - Humic acids KW - Dissolved organic matter KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - Q2 09183:Physics and chemistry KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16548161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+salinity+on+binding+of+Cd%2C+Cr%2C+Cu+and+Zn+to+dissolved+organic+matter&rft.au=Lores%2C+E+M%3BPennock%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Lores&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Chromium; Brackishwater pollution; Heavy metals; Organic matter; Estuaries; Pollution dispersion; Pollution effects; Copper; Estuarine chemistry; Salinity; Humic acids; Chemical reactions; Dissolved organic matter; Salinity effects; Zinc; Cadmium; Fate of pollutants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of log K sub(ow) and tissue lipid content as predictors of chemical partitioning to fish tissues AN - 16527255; 4379534 AB - In vitro equilibrium chemical partition coefficients were determined for six chemicals in selected tissues from four species of fish. Log-transformed values were then regressed in stepwise fashion against chemical log octanol/water partition coefficient (K sub(ow)) and the log of tissue lipid content to derive a series of linear one- and two-variable models. Equations derived for fat indicate that n-octanol is a good surrogate for nonpolar lipid in the range of chemical log K sub(ow) tested (1.46 < log K sub(ow) < 4.04). These equations also support the conclusion that previously developed K sub(ow)-bioconcentration factor relationships are largely a reflection of chemical accumulation in fat. Fitted slope and intercept terms for "lean" tissues differed from those expected from chemical partitioning to lipid only and were instead consistent with the suggestion that partitioning to nonlipid-nonwater cellular constituents contributes substantially to chemical accumulation. A general equation is presented for prediction of tissue/water and blood/water partitioning from chemical log K sub(ow) and tissue (or blood) lipid content. It is suggested, however, that tissue- and blood-specific equations be used to estimate the tissue/blood partitioning relationship needed for kinetic modeling efforts. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Bertelsen, S L AU - Hoffman, AD AU - Gallina, CA AU - Elonen, C M AU - Nichols, J W AD - AScI Corp., 4444 Airpark Blvd., Duluth, MN 55811, USA, bertelsen.sharonpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 1447 EP - 1455 PB - SETAC Press VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Pisces KW - kinetics KW - tissues KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Tissues KW - Lipids KW - Chemical compounds KW - Models KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Fish KW - Chemical pollution KW - Histochemistry KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16527255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+log+K+sub%28ow%29+and+tissue+lipid+content+as+predictors+of+chemical+partitioning+to+fish+tissues&rft.au=Bertelsen%2C+S+L%3BHoffman%2C+AD%3BGallina%2C+CA%3BElonen%2C+C+M%3BNichols%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Bertelsen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tissues; Bioaccumulation; Lipids; Fish; Chemical pollution; Chemical compounds; Histochemistry; Models; Chemicals; Pisces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation of summer-time diurnal bacterial dynamics in the atmospheric surface layer AN - 16485978; 4377254 AB - A model was prepared to simulate the observed concentration dynamics of culturable bacteria in the diurnal summer atmosphere at a Willamette River Valley, Oregon location. The meteorological and bacterial mechanisms included in a dynamic null-dimensional model with one-second time step are solar radiation, convective mixed layer depth, bacterial concentration in the residual layer, bacterial flux from ground sources, and SR sensitivity of two bacterial populations. Reasonable agreement of the model to observed airborne bacterial concentration data was found for the dawn fumigation and afternoon accumulation peaks where the activating mechanisms were included in the model. But little agreement was found in the late afternoon where unaccounted-for mechanisms of bacteria-sparse seabreeze intrusion and down-slope mountain movement of airmasses are thought to be present at the observation location. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Lighthart, B AU - Kirilenko, A AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects, Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, bruceL@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 2491 EP - 2496 VL - 32 IS - 14-15 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, Oregon, Willamette River Valley KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16485978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+summer-time+diurnal+bacterial+dynamics+in+the+atmospheric+surface+layer&rft.au=Lighthart%2C+B%3BKirilenko%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lighthart&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=14-15&rft.spage=2491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation of automobile organic emission surrogates for photochemical model validation AN - 16484897; 4377250 AB - Irradiation chamber studies of the photochemistry of motor vehicle emissions generally use relatively simple surrogates (often fewer than 30 compounds) of complex emissions (often greater than 250 compounds). The question is often asked: Can the photochemistry of complex organic mixtures be adequately simulated by chamber studies using simple surrogate mixtures? The complexity of the compositional profile of motor vehicle organic emissions results in large part from the complexity of the fuel (i.e., the combustion derived compounds are relatively small in number). An experimental protocol is described by permitting preparation of representative complex (greater than 250 compounds) emission surrogates adding a small number (fewer than 30) of selected compounds to the vehicle fuel. Irradiation chamber runs of actual motor vehicle exhaust samples are contrasted with similar runs of associated complex mixture emission surrogates demonstrating the accuracy with which the exhaust photochemistry can be simulated using the surrogate. Time-resolved profiles of NO, NO sub(x)-NO, and ozone concentrations, and selected 12.5 h product concentrations, are presented as examples of the comparability of the exhaust and surrogate photochemistry. The observed exhaust and surrogate concentration profiles product distributions are very similar. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Black, F AU - Tejada, S AU - Kleindienst, T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1998/08// PY - 1998 DA - Aug 1998 SP - 2443 EP - 2451 VL - 32 IS - 14-15 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16484897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Preparation+of+automobile+organic+emission+surrogates+for+photochemical+model+validation&rft.au=Black%2C+F%3BTejada%2C+S%3BKleindienst%2C+T&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=14-15&rft.spage=2443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of volatile organic compounds by the US Environmental Protection Agency Compendium Method TO-17. Evaluation of performance criteria. AN - 80059359; 9697318 AB - An evaluation of performance criteria for US Environmental Protection Agency Compendium Method TO-17 for monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air has been accomplished. The method is a solid adsorbent-based sampling and analytical procedure including performance criteria for four merit parameters. These are: (1) the method detection limit (MDL); (2) the method precision; (3) the agreement between two samples taken at different flow-rates over the same time period [a distributed volume pair (DVP)]; and (4) audit accuracy. A two-adsorbent tube packing of Carbotrap and Carboxen 1000 (Supelco) was tested. Synthetic mixtures containing 41 compounds at concentrations of 10 ppb (v/v) or 2 ppb (v/v) each in humidified zero air, and indoor air from a personal residence, were sampled for 1-h periods during which 1-l and 4-l samples were obtained simultaneously. For synthetic samples, the MDL was determined to be < or = 0.5 ppb (v/v) for 29 of the 41 compounds examined for samples at 47% relative humidity (RH), and for 27 of 41 compounds at 85% RH. The method precision at both 2 and 10 ppb (v/v) was < or = 20% for 90+ % of the samples using five sampling runs and the DVP samples were within 25% for 80% of the samples. For the indoor samples, 26 target compounds were tentatively identified and 12 unknowns were detected; all but 10% of these compounds met the DVP criteria. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - McClenny, W A AU - Colón, M AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/07/10/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 10 SP - 101 EP - 111 VL - 813 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Reference Standards KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80059359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+volatile+organic+compounds+by+the+US+Environmental+Protection+Agency+Compendium+Method+TO-17.+Evaluation+of+performance+criteria.&rft.au=McClenny%2C+W+A%3BCol%C3%B3n%2C+M&rft.aulast=McClenny&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-07-10&rft.volume=813&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-03 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Relationship Between Stream Chemistry and Watershed Land Cover Data in the Mid-Atlantic Region, U.S. AN - 807258565; 13726483 AB - In order to investigate the relationship between stream chemistry and watershed land cover at the regional scale, we analyzed data from 368 wadeable streams sampled in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. during spring 1993-1994. Study sites were selected using a probability sample and the digitized version of the 1:100,000 scale USGS map stream network as the sample population. Both classified Thematic Mapper (TM) and USGS Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) data were used to quantify land cover in the study watersheds. On average, the most common land cover was forest (77%) followed by agriculture (20%), and urban (1%). Multiple regression analysis showed that concentrations of Cl-, nutrients, acid neutralization capacity, and base cations were the analytes most strongly related to watershed land cover. Despite large differences in resolution and age of the TM and LULC data sources, similar results were obtained with the two sources. Using a greater number of land cover subclasses did not greatly improve the land cover-chemistry relationships. Ecoregions with predominantly forested land cover had weaker relationships than ecoregions with more agricultural and/or urban land cover. In studies or databases without land cover information, Cl- concentration is a good surrogate indicator for general human disturbance in the watershed. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Herlihy, Alan T AU - Stoddard, John L AU - Johnson, Colleen Burch AD - Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, c/o U.S. EPA, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 377 EP - 386 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 105 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - disturbance KW - Resource management KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic Region KW - Forests KW - Soil contamination KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Land use KW - Water pollution KW - Soil pollution KW - Air pollution KW - Cations KW - Stream KW - Soils KW - Regression analysis KW - Mapping KW - Neutralization KW - Q1 08563:Fishing gear and methods KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807258565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+Between+Stream+Chemistry+and+Watershed+Land+Cover+Data+in+the+Mid-Atlantic+Region%2C+U.S.&rft.au=Herlihy%2C+Alan+T%3BStoddard%2C+John+L%3BJohnson%2C+Colleen+Burch&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005028803682 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Resource management; Stream; Soils; Watersheds; Water pollution; Land use; Agriculture; Soil pollution; Atmospheric pollution; Regression analysis; disturbance; Cations; Forests; Mapping; Soil contamination; Neutralization; Streams; USA, Mid-Atlantic Region DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005028803682 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in synaptic transmission and plasticity in hippocampus by a complex PCB mixture, Aroclor 1254. AN - 80056758; 9697964 AB - Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated with a variety of neurological effects including cognitive dysfunction. The present study assessed the effects of acute in vitro exposure to a complex mixture of highly chlorinated PCBs, Aroclor 1254 (A1254), on synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of the rat. Increases in population spike (PS) amplitude were observed in field potentials recorded from the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 in response to 1.0-3 microg/ml of A1254. PS amplitude was increased by approximately 20% 5-10 min following the beginning of exposure to 3 microg/ml A1254, with some recovery towards baseline amplitudes occurring by 30 min, despite continuous perfusion. Longer exposures revealed that a maintained 10% increase in PS amplitude persisted beyond 90 min of exposure to 3 microg/ml A1254. A second recording electrode in the stratum radiatum revealed modest increases in EPSP slope (approximately 10%) that were transient. EPSP slope changes appeared within 5 min of exposure to A1254 (3 microg/ml), peaked at 10 min, and declined to baseline levels by 30 min, despite continued perfusion with A1254. Monitoring over a protracted period revealed relatively stable EPSP slope amplitudes following the return to baseline levels. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a model of synaptic plasticity believed to encompass the physiological substrates of memory. Neither magnitude or persistence of PS potentiation recorded from the stratum pyramidale was affected by 3 microg/ml A1254. LTP of the EPSP slope recorded in the stratum radiatum was also induced to a comparable degree in control and A1254-treated slices. However, the augmentation in the dendritic response was not maintained in the treated slices over the 60-min posttrain recording period. Acute effects of PCBs on calcium homeostasis, protein kinase C translocation, dopaminergic function, and hormonal action may contribute to the pattern of effects seen in synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Gilbert, M E AU - Liang, D AD - National Research Council, Neurotoxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gilbert.mary@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1998 SP - 383 EP - 389 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) KW - 11097-69-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials -- drug effects KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Male KW - Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) -- pharmacology KW - Synaptic Transmission -- drug effects KW - Long-Term Potentiation -- drug effects KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80056758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+synaptic+transmission+and+plasticity+in+hippocampus+by+a+complex+PCB+mixture%2C+Aroclor+1254.&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+M+E%3BLiang%2C+D&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanistic relationships between DNA adducts, oncogene mutations, and lung tumorigenesis in strain A mice. AN - 79987413; 9659573 AB - This paper describes a series of studies on the lung tumorigenic activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in strain A/J mice, their ability to form PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues, and their ability to mutate the Ki-ras oncogene in PAH-induced tumors. Seven PAHs were studied: cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), dibenz[a,h] anthracene (DBA), 5-methylchrysene (5MC), benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A), and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P). The dose-response data for the PAHs revealed 100-fold differences in tumor potency based on dose, with the order of activity DB[a,l]P, DBA > B[j]A > 5MC > CPP B[a]P > B[b]F. Large differences in tumor multiplicity were also observed between the PAHs. DNA adducts were measured by 32P-postlabeling techniques on DNA from lungs of mice treated with these PAH's. DB[a,l]P gave syn- and anti-fjord-region diol-epoxide adducts of dAdo and dGuo; DBA gave both bay-region diol-epoxide-dGuo and bisdihydrodiol-epoxide adducts; CPP gave cyclopenta-ring-dGuo adducts; B[j]A gave a mixture of cyclopenta-ring-dGuo and -dAdo adducts; 5MC gave anti-bay-region diol-epoxide-dGuo adducts; B[a]P gave bay-region diol-epoxide-dGuo adducts; and B[b]F gave 5-hydroxy-B[b]F-diol-epoxide-dGuo adducts. Ki-ras codon 12 and 61 mutation analysis of PAH induced tumors was performed using PCR and dideoxy sequencing methods. DB[a,l]P gave both codon 12 and codon 61 mutations. High proportions of codon 12 TGT mutations from B[a]P-, B[b]F- and 5MC-, induced tumors and CGT mutations from CPP- and B[j]A-induced tumors were observed. DBA produced no mutations in Ki-ras codons 12 or 61 by direct sequencing. The interrelationships between the tumorigenesis, DNA adduct, and oncogene mutation data are discussed. JF - Experimental lung research AU - Nesnow, S AU - Ross, J A AU - Mass, M J AU - Stoner, G D AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. nesnow.stephen@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1998 SP - 395 EP - 405 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0190-2148, 0190-2148 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - DNA Primers KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Inbred A KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Mice KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- analysis KW - Male KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Adenoma -- metabolism KW - Genes, ras -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma -- genetics KW - Mutation KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79987413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+lung+research&rft.atitle=Mechanistic+relationships+between+DNA+adducts%2C+oncogene+mutations%2C+and+lung+tumorigenesis+in+strain+A+mice.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BRoss%2C+J+A%3BMass%2C+M+J%3BStoner%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+lung+research&rft.issn=01902148&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution particles induce IL-6 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells via NF-kappaB activation. AN - 79978161; 9651185 AB - Fine particles in the air have been associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Particulate air pollution is a complex mixture which varies by region and includes a number of components including residual oil fly ash (ROFA), a byproduct of power plant and industry fuel-oil combustion. Human airway epithelial cells exposed to ROFA release inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor. Expression of these genes is dependent upon pretranscriptional binding of cis regulatory elements, including nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). To investigate the role of NF-kappaB in the particulate-induced IL-6 response, we exposed human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to ROFA in vitro. ROFA stimulated a time- and dose-dependent increase in IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA), which was preceded by the activation of nuclear proteins binding to the NF-kappaB sequence motif in the IL-6 promoter. Transient transfection of BEAS-2B cells with the 5' promoter region of the IL-6 gene linked to a luciferase reporter gene confirmed that NF-kappaB binding is necessary for the transcription of IL-6 mRNA. The IL-6 response was inhibited by the metal chelator deferoxamine and the free radical scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine, suggesting that the activation of NF-kappaB may be mediated through reactive oxygen intermediates generated by transition metals found in ROFA. Activation of NF-kappaB may therefore be a critical first step in the inflammatory cascade following exposure to particles generated by oil combustion. JF - American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology AU - Quay, J L AU - Reed, W AU - Samet, J AU - Devlin, R B AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 98 EP - 106 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 1044-1549, 1044-1549 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Coal Ash KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Fuel Oils KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Metals KW - NF-kappa B KW - Particulate Matter KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Deferoxamine KW - J06Y7MXW4D KW - Acetylcysteine KW - WYQ7N0BPYC KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Acetylcysteine -- pharmacology KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Epithelial Cells -- cytology KW - Deferoxamine -- pharmacology KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Transfection KW - Carbon -- toxicity KW - Cell Line KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Bronchi -- cytology KW - Interleukin-6 -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Bronchi -- metabolism KW - Bronchi -- drug effects KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79978161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+particles+induce+IL-6+gene+expression+in+human+airway+epithelial+cells+via+NF-kappaB+activation.&rft.au=Quay%2C+J+L%3BReed%2C+W%3BSamet%2C+J%3BDevlin%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Quay&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10441549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gestational exposure to methylmercury alters the developmental pattern of trk-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain and results in cortical dysmorphology. AN - 73882989; 9706388 AB - Nerve growth factor signal transduction mediated through the trk receptor has been implicated in neuronal growth, differentiation, and survival. In this study, we examined the effects of gestational exposure to the developmental neurotoxicant methylmercury (CH3Hg) on the ontogeny of trk-immunoreactivity (IR). Long-Evans dams were dosed on gestational days 6-15 (p.o.) with 0, 1, or 2 mg/kg CH3Hg dissolved in saline. Pups were sacrificed and perfused with buffered paraformaldehyde on postnatal days (PND) 1, 4, 10, 21 and 85. The brains were sectioned sagitally, Nissl-stained or stained immunohistochemically for trk receptors or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and examined throughout the medial to lateral extent of the brain. The greatest density of IR in neural cell bodies was seen in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, cerebral, and cerebellar cortex, striatum, septum, nucleus basalis, inferior colliculus, pons, and brain stem nuclei. trk IR was not limited to nerve cell bodies, with prominent axonal and dendritic staining in the brainstem, neocortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and olfactory tract. The regional pattern of trk IR varied in an age-dependent manner. In controls, trk-like IR appeared to peak in most regions between PND4-10 and decreased dramatically after PND21. This age-related difference in trk IR was supported by western blot analysis of PND10 and adult neocortex. This reduced and more adult-like pattern of trk IR was apparent on PND21 with some persistent trk-like IR in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum and basal forebrain. In contrast to the normal regional patterns of trk IR, CH3Hg produced a dose-related decrease in trk-like IR in the absence of overt maternal toxicity or neonatal toxicity. CH3Hg-induced decreases in trk-like IR were especially apparent during the early postnatal period when trk IR was the greatest. The effects of CH3Hg exposure were restricted regionally, with the largest decrease in trk-like IR apparent in cortical regions, basal forebrain nuclei, and brain stem nuclei. Subsequent to the effects of CH3Hg on cortical trk-like IR were alterations in the development of cortical laminae on PND10 and 21 of neocortex. These alterations were characterized by quantifiable decreases in cell density, cell size and the widths of the layers of posterior neocortex. Not all of the CH3Hg-induced effects were characterized by decreased trk-like IR. Robust increases in trk IR in glial cells in the corpus callosum and brain stem were observed coincident with increased GFAP IR in cells of similar morphology. The present results localize the cellular and regional ontogeny of trk and suggest that developmental exposure to CH3Hg alters the normal ontogeny of this trophic factor receptor which may be associated with the developmental neurotoxicity of this chemical. JF - Brain research. Developmental brain research AU - Barone, S AU - Haykal-Coates, N AU - Parran, D K AU - Tilson, H A AD - Neurotoxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. barone.stan@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/07/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 01 SP - 13 EP - 31 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0165-3806, 0165-3806 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor KW - Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor -- genetics KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Cell Size KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- biosynthesis KW - Neuroglia -- drug effects KW - Neuroglia -- physiology KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- genetics KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Blotting, Western KW - Neuroglia -- ultrastructure KW - Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor -- biosynthesis KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - PC12 Cells KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Cerebral Cortex -- metabolism KW - Cerebral Cortex -- embryology KW - Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- genetics KW - Cerebral Cortex -- abnormalities KW - Brain Chemistry -- genetics KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- biosynthesis KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- toxicity KW - Brain Chemistry -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73882989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research.+Developmental+brain+research&rft.atitle=Gestational+exposure+to+methylmercury+alters+the+developmental+pattern+of+trk-like+immunoreactivity+in+the+rat+brain+and+results+in+cortical+dysmorphology.&rft.au=Barone%2C+S%3BHaykal-Coates%2C+N%3BParran%2C+D+K%3BTilson%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Barone&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research.+Developmental+brain+research&rft.issn=01653806&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dibromoacetic acid does not adversely affect early pregnancy in rats. AN - 73856766; 9717694 AB - Dibromoacetic acid (DBA), a byproduct of water disinfection, has been shown to have adverse reproductive effects in male rodents. In light of the lack of data on potential effects on female reproduction, studies were initiated to evaluate the potential effect of the chemical on early pregnancy. Groups of mature Holtzman rats were used, and cycles were monitored in all animals by vaginal smears. The administration of DBA at 0, 62.5, 125, or 250 mg/kg/d to rats during the first 8 d of pregnancy had no effect on the number of implantation sites found on Day 9 nor any other progestational parameter, except for serum estradiol, which was elevated. When groups of pregnant rats treated with the same range of dosages of DBA during Days 1 through 8 of pregnancy were killed on Day 20, there was no effect of treatment on the number of pups/litter, number of resorptions, or mean pup weight. These data demonstrate that while DBA has serious adverse effects on reproduction in male rodents, the chemical does not affect early pregnancy in rats. Effects on ovarian function and latent fertility are not ruled out. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Cummings, A M AU - Hedge, J M AD - Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 445 EP - 448 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - dibromoacetic acid KW - 631-64-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Estradiol -- blood KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- drug effects KW - Acetates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73856766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Dibromoacetic+acid+does+not+adversely+affect+early+pregnancy+in+rats.&rft.au=Cummings%2C+A+M%3BHedge%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced allergic responses to house dust mite by oral exposure to carbaryl in rats. AN - 73852018; 9720142 AB - Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between use of carbamate insecticides, including carbaryl, and increased incidence of allergic asthma in farmers. In this study the effect of oral carbaryl exposure on the development of allergic responses to house dust mite (HDM) was examined in female Brown Norway rats. Rats were gavaged for 2 weeks with 0, 2, 10, or 50 mg/kg/day of carbaryl. They were sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of HDM in aluminum hydroxide adjuvant 3 days after the beginning of carbaryl exposure and challenged with antigen via the trachea 1 day after the final carbaryl ingestion. Two days after challenge, antigen-specific cell proliferation in pulmonary lymph nodes was significantly higher in the 50 mg/kg group than in controls, while antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation was decreased in groups dosed with 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg carbaryl. Total protein and lymphocyte number in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were also increased in the 50 mg/kg group. By 7 days after challenge, immune-mediated pulmonary inflammation (eosinophils), antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E level in serum, and antigen-specific IgE and IgA levels in BAL fluid were significantly elevated in the 50 mg/kg group. No apparent change was observed for lactate dehydrogenase and eosinophil peroxidase in BAL fluid, while the number of BAL macrophages were decreased in groups dosed with 10 and 50 mg/kg carbaryl. The results suggest that carbaryl may cause systemic immune suppression, while enhancing pulmonary allergic responses to house dust mite antigen. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Dong, W AU - Gilmour, M I AU - Lambert, A L AU - Selgrade, M K AD - Immunotoxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. dong.wumin@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 63 EP - 69 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin A KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Insecticides KW - Carbaryl KW - R890C8J3N1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Immunoglobulin G -- genetics KW - Immunoglobulin A -- genetics KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Rats, Inbred BN KW - Immunoglobulin A -- biosynthesis KW - Immunoglobulin G -- biosynthesis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Female KW - Bronchoconstriction -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Hypersensitivity -- physiopathology KW - Mites -- immunology KW - Carbaryl -- toxicity KW - Dust -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73852018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+allergic+responses+to+house+dust+mite+by+oral+exposure+to+carbaryl+in+rats.&rft.au=Dong%2C+W%3BGilmour%2C+M+I%3BLambert%2C+A+L%3BSelgrade%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of gestational methylmercury exposure on immunoreactivity of specific isoforms of PKC and enzyme activity during post-natal development of the rat brain. AN - 73849643; 9706389 AB - Protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation has been implicated in neuronal growth and differentiation [R.S. Turner, R.L. Mazzei, G.J. Raynor, P.R. Girard, J.F. Kuo, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 81 (1984) 3143-3147.]. We examined effects of gestational exposure to the neurotoxicant, methylmercury (CH3Hg), on the developmental profile of immunoreactivity (IR) for alpha, beta, gamma and epsilon PKC isoforms and cytosolic PKC activity. Long-Evans dams were dosed on gestational days (GD)6-15 (p.o.) with 0, 1, or 2 mg kg-1 day-1 CH3Hg dissolved in saline. Pups were sacrificed and perfused with buffered paraformaldehyde on post-natal days (PND) 1, 4, 10, 21, 45 and 85. The brains were sectioned sagittally, stained immunohistochemically, and examined throughout the medial to lateral extent. IR in neuronal cell bodies for PKC isoforms alpha, beta, gamma, and epsilon was densest in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, shell of the inferior colliculus, pons, cerebral, piriform, and cerebellar cortex, whereas axonal staining was prominent in the brainstem, internal capsule, corpus callosum, anterior commissure, fornix and olfactory tract. In controls, the PKC alpha and epsilon IR was highest on PND1-4, decreased dramatically by PND10, and decreased further by PND21. In the neonate, the regional and cellular distributions of alpha and epsilon IR were similar. The PKC gamma IR was greater at post-weaning ages (PND21-85) with the greatest regional density apparent in the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum. Only the highest dose of CH3Hg (2 mg kg-1 day-1; GD6-15) produced a persistent decrease in regional alpha and epsilon, but not beta or gamma IR during the post-natal period. These regional and time-dependent changes in PKC isoforms were complemented by the examination of PKC activity in cortex, olfactory bulb, cerebellum and brainstem. Cytosolic PKC activity increased from PND1 to 10 in cortex, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum. On PND21, PKC activity decreased in the cortex and olfactory bulb, but remained high in the cerebellum. By contrast, PKC activity in the brainstem was highest on PND1 and 4 and decreased dramatically by PND21. CH3Hg (2 mg kg-1 day-1) significantly decreased PKC activity on PND1 and 4 in the cortex. The present results characterize the cellular and regional ontogeny of PKC isoenzymes alpha, beta, gamma and epsilon, and indicate that developmental exposure to CH3Hg can alter the ontogeny of specific isoforms and regional PKC activity. JF - Brain research. Developmental brain research AU - Haykal-Coates, N AU - Shafer, T J AU - Mundy, W R AU - Barone, S AD - National Health Effects and Ecological Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/07/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jul 01 SP - 33 EP - 49 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0165-3806, 0165-3806 KW - Isoenzymes KW - 0 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Hippocampus -- growth & development KW - Cerebral Cortex -- enzymology KW - Isoenzymes -- biosynthesis KW - Cerebral Cortex -- growth & development KW - Hippocampus -- enzymology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Protein Kinase C -- biosynthesis KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- toxicity KW - Brain -- growth & development KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73849643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research.+Developmental+brain+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+gestational+methylmercury+exposure+on+immunoreactivity+of+specific+isoforms+of+PKC+and+enzyme+activity+during+post-natal+development+of+the+rat+brain.&rft.au=Haykal-Coates%2C+N%3BShafer%2C+T+J%3BMundy%2C+W+R%3BBarone%2C+S&rft.aulast=Haykal-Coates&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research.+Developmental+brain+research&rft.issn=01653806&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Slope stability of geosynthetic clay liner test plots AN - 52508597; 1999-018257 JF - Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering AU - Daniel, David E AU - Koerner, Robert M AU - Bonaparte, Rudolph AU - Landreth, Robert E AU - Carson, David A AU - Scranton, Heather B Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 628 EP - 637 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY VL - 124 IS - 7 SN - 1090-0241, 1090-0241 KW - shear strength KW - bentonite KW - moisture KW - landfills KW - drainage KW - geotextiles KW - displacements KW - sedimentary rocks KW - solid waste KW - slope stability KW - construction KW - clastic rocks KW - disposal barriers KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52508597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geotechnical+and+Geoenvironmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Slope+stability+of+geosynthetic+clay+liner+test+plots&rft.au=Daniel%2C+David+E%3BKoerner%2C+Robert+M%3BBonaparte%2C+Rudolph%3BLandreth%2C+Robert+E%3BCarson%2C+David+A%3BScranton%2C+Heather+B&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=628&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geotechnical+and+Geoenvironmental+Engineering&rft.issn=10900241&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/gto LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bentonite; clastic rocks; construction; displacements; disposal barriers; drainage; geotextiles; landfills; moisture; sedimentary rocks; shear strength; slope stability; solid waste ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic benefit analysis of the water resources system in Baotou City, Inner Mongolia, China AN - 51178510; 2002-007815 AB - Data related to water and economy are collected from over 40 factories. On the basis of principles of cost-benefit analysis, the benefit of industrial water supply is estimated with the method of sharing fixed assets ratio, and the national economy for Baotou's water resources system is assessed by means of the investment-net income ratio method. The results indicate that water resources system is of enormous economic benefit in Baotou City. JF - Changchun Keji Daxue Xuebao = Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology AU - Shao, Jingli AU - Cui, Yali AU - Li, Jianping AU - Mao, Zhongyang AU - Duan, Lianjun Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 303 EP - 308 PB - Changchun College of Geology, Beijing VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 1008-0058, 1008-0058 KW - Inner Mongolia China KW - water quality KW - water supply KW - Far East KW - Baotou China KW - cost-benefit analysis KW - cost KW - investment KW - exploration KW - economics KW - Asia KW - water resources KW - China KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51178510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Changchun+Keji+Daxue+Xuebao+%3D+Journal+of+Changchun+University+of+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Economic+benefit+analysis+of+the+water+resources+system+in+Baotou+City%2C+Inner+Mongolia%2C+China&rft.au=Shao%2C+Jingli%3BCui%2C+Yali%3BLi%2C+Jianping%3BMao%2C+Zhongyang%3BDuan%2C+Lianjun&rft.aulast=Shao&rft.aufirst=Jingli&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Changchun+Keji+Daxue+Xuebao+%3D+Journal+of+Changchun+University+of+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=10080058&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Chinese DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; Baotou China; China; cost; cost-benefit analysis; economics; exploration; Far East; Inner Mongolia China; investment; water quality; water resources; water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study points to new trends in use of alternative technologies at LUST sites AN - 50917923; 1999-037849 JF - Soil & Groundwater AU - Tulis, Dana AU - Prevost, Peggy Flaherty AU - Kostecki, Paul Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - July 1998 SP - 12 EP - 17 PB - Group III Communication, Independence, MO VL - 1998, July SN - 1086-1971, 1086-1971 KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - desorption KW - agricultural waste KW - soil vapor extraction KW - techniques KW - soil washing KW - ground water KW - decontamination KW - water treatment KW - leaking underground storage tanks KW - in situ KW - thermal properties KW - soil treatment KW - petroleum products KW - BTEX KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - bioventing KW - biopiles KW - incineration KW - surfactants KW - hydrocarbons KW - chelation KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50917923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.atitle=Study+points+to+new+trends+in+use+of+alternative+technologies+at+LUST+sites&rft.au=Tulis%2C+Dana%3BPrevost%2C+Peggy+Flaherty%3BKostecki%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Tulis&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=1998%2C+July&rft.issue=&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.issn=10861971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; biopiles; bioventing; BTEX; chelation; decontamination; desorption; ground water; hydrocarbons; in situ; incineration; leaching; leaking underground storage tanks; organic compounds; petroleum products; soil treatment; soil vapor extraction; soil washing; surfactants; techniques; thermal properties; waste disposal; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of Metal and Other Contaminants Present in Sludge and Soil AN - 26699515; A2004-25-04633 (CE); 0343080 (EN) AB - Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the interaction of metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Ni) and nitrate-N present in municipal sludge with a soil sample. The soil selected for this experiment was Menfro silt loam, a common soil in central Missouri. A constant proportion of sludge was mixed with different amounts of soil, and the recovery of nitrate and heavy metals in the soluble fraction was analyzed and compared with the recovery from sludge samples without soil. The relative recovery of nitrate-N was approximately 16-66% of the reference sample in Menfro silt loam, and the percent of relative recovery was related to the percent of added soil. The low recovery of the nitrate-N in these soils was unexpected since negatively charged nitrate ions are thought to react little with soils. The recovery of heavy metals varied from a high of 57% for Cr to a low of 7% for Cu in this soil. These interactions would cause a retardation of the heavy metal migration in the soil environment. JF - Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management AU - Surampalli, Rao Y AU - Banerji, Shankha K AU - Lin, King L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, KS, USA PY - 1998 SP - 132 EP - 134 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA, 20191-4400, USA, [mailto:journal-services@asce.org], [URL:http://www.asce.org] VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1090-025X, 1090-025X KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Heavy metals KW - Interactions KW - Nitrates KW - Sludge KW - Soils KW - Article KW - EE 549.3:Others (Including Bismuth, Boron, Cadmium, Cobalt, Mercury, Niobium, Selenium, Silicon, Tellurium and Zirconium) KW - EE 483.1:Soils and Soil Mechanics KW - EE 452.2:Sewage Treatment KW - EE 804:Chemical Products Generally KW - EE 543.1:Chromium and Alloys (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/26699515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Practice+Periodical+of+Hazardous%2C+Toxic%2C+and+Radioactive+Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+Metal+and+Other+Contaminants+Present+in+Sludge+and+Soil&rft.au=Surampalli%2C+Rao+Y%3BBanerji%2C+Shankha+K%3BLin%2C+King+L&rft.aulast=Surampalli&rft.aufirst=Rao&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Practice+Periodical+of+Hazardous%2C+Toxic%2C+and+Radioactive+Waste+Management&rft.issn=1090025X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population density and breeding periodicity of the amphipod, Corophium sp., in the Hawkesbury River AN - 17603189; 4704315 AB - Intertidal populations of Corophium sp., a burrowing euryhaline amphipod that is the dominant infaunal macroinvertebrate in the upper tidal section of the Hawkesbury River, NSW, were sampled over a 13-month period from October 1996 to October 1997. The population density varied seasonally, being high from late summer to the end of winter (February 1997 - August 1997), with a peak density of 9000 individuals m super(-2). Changes in the size structure and the presence of ovigerous females in field populations indicated that the species breed continuously from spring to autumn, with an overwintering population from June to August. Populations in spring, summer and autumn exhibited rapid growth, but in winter they grew slowly. The sex ratio of males to females varied from 1:3 to 2:3 and the monthly percentage of gravid females ranged from 0 to 45% of the total females. The growth rate of newly hatched juveniles was approximately 1 to 2 mm per month. JF - Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology AU - Surtikanti, H K AU - Hyne, R V AU - Everett, DA AU - Lim, R P AD - EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Westbourne St., Gore Hill NSW 2065, Australia, Hyner@epa.nsw.gov.au Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 85 EP - 91 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1323-3475, 1323-3475 KW - Amphipoda KW - Australia, New South Wales, Hawkesbury R. KW - Corophium KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Population density KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Population dynamics KW - Breeding seasons KW - Growth KW - Breeding KW - Seasonal variations KW - Rivers KW - Tidewater KW - Sex ratio KW - Overwintering KW - Amphipods KW - Biological Sampling KW - Macrofauna KW - PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Hawkesbury Estuary KW - Growth Rates KW - Water pollution KW - Intertidal environment KW - Population Density KW - Reproduction KW - Population structure KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - SW 0810:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17603189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=Population+density+and+breeding+periodicity+of+the+amphipod%2C+Corophium+sp.%2C+in+the+Hawkesbury+River&rft.au=Surtikanti%2C+H+K%3BHyne%2C+R+V%3BEverett%2C+DA%3BLim%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Surtikanti&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=13233475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breeding seasons; Sex ratio; Overwintering; Population structure; Population dynamics; Intertidal environment; Rivers; Breeding; Population density; Seasonal variations; Water pollution; Aquatic organisms; Growth; Reproduction; Macrofauna; Tidewater; Seasonal Variations; Biological Sampling; Amphipods; Population Density; Growth Rates; Macroinvertebrates; PSE, Australia, New South Wales, Hawkesbury Estuary ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A compilation of data on the toxicity of chemicals to species in Australasia. Part 1: Pesticides AN - 17603151; 4704316 AB - This paper is the first in a series that will present toxicity data contained in the Australasian ecotoxicology database currently being developed. The toxicities of pesticides to native and introduced terrestrial plants and aquatic species tested under local conditions are presented. A total of 814 data points, covering 41 pesticides, 66 species, acute and chronic exposures, and lethal and sub-lethal effects, was collated from 38 publications. JF - Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology AU - St J Warne, M AU - Westbury, A-M AU - Sunderam, RIM AD - Ecotoxicology Section, Environment Protection Authority of New South Wales, EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology Sydney, Westbourne St, Gore Hill, NSW 2065, Australia Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 93 EP - 144 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1323-3475, 1323-3475 KW - Australasia KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Ecosystems KW - Pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Exposure tolerance KW - Databases KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Lethal limits KW - Sublethal effects KW - Reviews KW - Pesticides KW - Plants KW - Australia KW - Chemical pollution KW - Data bases KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17603151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=A+compilation+of+data+on+the+toxicity+of+chemicals+to+species+in+Australasia.+Part+1%3A+Pesticides&rft.au=St+J+Warne%2C+M%3BWestbury%2C+A-M%3BSunderam%2C+RIM&rft.aulast=St+J+Warne&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australasian+Journal+of+Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=13233475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lethal limits; Ecotoxicology; Sublethal effects; Pesticides; Pollution effects; Exposure tolerance; Databases; Ecosystems; Reviews; Chemical pollution; Chemicals; Aquatic organisms; Plants; Toxicity; Data bases; Australia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wheat leaf rust severity as affected by plant density and species proportion in simple communities of wheat and wild oats AN - 17564635; 4342246 AB - While it is generally accepted that dense stands of plants exacerbate epidemics caused by foliar pathogens, there is little experimental evidence to support this view. We grew model plant communities consisting of wheat and wild oats at different densities and proportions and exposed these communities to Puccinia recondita to induce wheat leaf rust. Wild oats was included because it is a common competitor of wheat and may act as a barrier to the dispersal of P. recondita spores among wheat plants. Disease severity was estimated as percentage of wheat flag leaves covered by rust lesions. Seeding density rarely had a significant influence on rust severity, probably because of compensation due to increased tillering at low seeding densities. In contrast, increasing the proportion of wheat in mixtures with wild oats consistently increased wheat leaf rust severity. Regression parameters describing wheat leaf rust severity as a function of wheat seeding density did not differ significantly between pure wheat stands and wheat-wild oat mixtures and, thus, failed to support an effect of wild oats on wheat leaf rust other than through its competitive impact on wheat tiller density. JF - Phytopathology AU - Pfleeger, T G AU - Mundt, C C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, 200 S.W. 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, tom@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 708 EP - 714 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0331-949X, 0331-949X KW - wheat leaf rust KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Puccinia recondita KW - Plant diseases KW - Leaf rust KW - Avena sativa KW - Rust KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17564635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Wheat+leaf+rust+severity+as+affected+by+plant+density+and+species+proportion+in+simple+communities+of+wheat+and+wild+oats&rft.au=Pfleeger%2C+T+G%3BMundt%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Pfleeger&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=708&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0331949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia recondita; Triticum aestivum; Avena sativa; Plant diseases; Leaf rust; Rust ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colonization capabilities of environmental pseudomonads and an Escherichia coli intestinal isolate in two different continuous-flow models of the murine intestinal tract AN - 17225752; 4504322 AB - In vitro continuous flow culture systems have been developed to test microorganisms for their potential to colonize the intestinal tract. Survival of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, a Xanthomonas maltophilia strain, and an Escherichia coli strain was monitored in single-stage and two-stage continuous cultures of mouse caecal bacteria. Comparisons were made between their survival in vitro and in previous mouse dosing studies. Colonization resistance of the continuous flow models resulted in elimination of all four strains at a rate similar to, or faster than the washout rate. Neither in vitro system was able to reproduce in vivo findings with regard to the colonization capabilities of these microorganisms with potential for use as biotechnology agents. JF - Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease AU - Nelson, G M AU - George, SE AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD 68, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, nelson.gail@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 103 EP - 109 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0891-060X, 0891-060X KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Xanthomonas maltophilia KW - Colonization KW - Intestinal microflora KW - Continuous culture KW - Escherichia coli KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - J 02861:Microflora KW - J 02703:Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17225752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.atitle=Colonization+capabilities+of+environmental+pseudomonads+and+an+Escherichia+coli+intestinal+isolate+in+two+different+continuous-flow+models+of+the+murine+intestinal+tract&rft.au=Nelson%2C+G+M%3BGeorge%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.issn=0891060X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Xanthomonas maltophilia; Intestinal microflora; Continuous culture; Colonization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of age, sex, and pharmacologic agents on the biliary elimination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in F344 rats AN - 17182800; 4480716 AB - The extreme biological persistence of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is due primarily to its resistance to metabolic transformation. Previous studies in several species have found hepatic metabolism to be rate-limiting for TCDD elimination, with resulting metabolites excreted primarily in feces via the bile. Using short-term biliary excretion of [ super(3)H]TCDD metabolites as an indirect measure of metabolism, groups of F344 rats were used to evaluate separately the effects of age, sex, and acute induction or inhibition of key hepatic enzymes. Adult and juvenile male and female rats were used for sex comparisons, and senescent male rats were used to explore possible changes in TCDD metabolism with age. Various pretreatments were used: phenobarbital (PB) and dexamethasone (DEX), to induce hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes; and suicide substrate 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), to produce P450 inhibition. For all animals, surgical cannulation of the common bile duct and 6-hr bile collection were performed under constant anesthesia. [ super(3)H]TCDD (1 nmol/kg) was administered via the femoral vein. Naive adult male and female rats excreted similar to 0.7% and similar to 0.4% of [ super(3)H]TCDD-derived radioactivity, respectively. Biliary excretion of radioactivity in both male and female juvenile rats was similar to that of adult males; senescent male rats excreted less. Pretreatment with PB, DEX, or ABT resulted in similar decrease in biliary excretion of TCDD-derived radioactivity as observed in senescent male rats. JF - Drug Metabolism and Disposition AU - Diliberto, J J AD - MD-74, ETD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 714 EP - 719 VL - 26 IS - 7 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - elimination KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Age KW - TCDD KW - Drugs KW - Biliary tract KW - Sex KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17182800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Metabolism+and+Disposition&rft.atitle=Effects+of+age%2C+sex%2C+and+pharmacologic+agents+on+the+biliary+elimination+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29+in+F344+rats&rft.au=Diliberto%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Diliberto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Metabolism+and+Disposition&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drugs; TCDD; Biliary tract; Age; Sex ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Guthion on survival and growth of the frog Pseudacris regilla and the salamanders Ambystoma gracile and Ambystoma maculatum AN - 17181086; 4471338 AB - The effects of the insecticides Guthion (technical grade) and Guthion 2S (commercial formulation) on survival and growth of tadpoles of the Pacific treefrog Pseudacris regilla, and larvae of the Northwestern salamander Ambystoma gracile and the spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum were determined in continuous-flow exposures in the laboratory. Ninety-six-hour LC50 values were >3.6 mg/L for P. regilla with technical grade Guthion and 1.47 mg/L with the formulation Guthion 2S (measured as active ingredient Guthion). Ten-day LOAEL and NOAEL values based on length and weight for P. regilla with Guthion were 3.60 and 0.98 mg/L. LOAEL and NOAEL values based on length and weight for P. regilla with Guthion 2S were 0.17 and 0.07 mg/L. The 96-h LC50 for Guthion 2S was 1.67 and 1.90 mg/L for A. gracile and A. maculatum, respectively. LOAEL and NOAEL values based on length and weight for A. gracile with Guthion 2S were 0.22 and 0.10 mg/L; they were 0.11 and 0.03 mg/L for A. maculatum based on weight. These species are as similar in sensitivity as some fish species but are more tolerant to Guthion than most invertebrates. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Nebeker, A V AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Griffis, W L AU - Cataldo, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Ecological Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 48 EP - 51 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Ambystoma gracile KW - Ambystoma maculatum KW - Guthion KW - Mole salamanders KW - Northwestern salamander KW - Pacific treefrog KW - Pseudacris regilla KW - Spotted salamander KW - azinphos-methyl KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Animals KW - Toxicity tests KW - Testing procedures KW - Insecticides KW - Body weight KW - Pollution tolerance KW - Laboratories KW - Amphibians KW - Toxicity testing KW - Growth KW - Body size KW - Mortality KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Ambystoma KW - Amphibia KW - Indicator species KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17181086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Guthion+on+survival+and+growth+of+the+frog+Pseudacris+regilla+and+the+salamanders+Ambystoma+gracile+and+Ambystoma+maculatum&rft.au=Nebeker%2C+A+V%3BSchuytema%2C+G+S%3BGriffis%2C+W+L%3BCataldo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Nebeker&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution tolerance; Mortality; Growth; Insecticides; Body weight; Laboratories; Body size; Water pollution effects; Toxicity; Toxicity tests; Indicator species; Animals; Amphibians; Toxicity testing; Amphibia; Testing procedures; Ambystoma gracile; Pseudacris regilla; Ambystoma; Ambystoma maculatum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A laboratory assay to assess avoidance of contaminated sediments by the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus AN - 17175024; 4471334 AB - Responses of benthic organisms to contaminated sediments in the laboratory historically have been assessed as survival, growth, and reproduction. However, these responses do not include behavioral aspects of organisms, which also can influence species distribution and abundance in benthic communities. This study documents avoidance behavior of the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus to contaminated sediments in the laboratory, utilizing a chamber specifically built to facilitate the measurement of this response. A number of field-collected sediments from sites with known contamination, several of which exhibited little or no toxicity in standard tests examining growth and/or survival, were evaluated. The oligochaetes exhibited marked avoidance to many of the sediments, indicating the potential utility of this assay in identifying effects of contaminated sediments on benthic community structure. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - West, C W AU - Ankley, G T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 20 EP - 24 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Lumbriculus variegatus KW - Oligochaeta KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Oligochaetes KW - Sediment contamination KW - Avoidance reactions KW - Toxicity tests KW - Assay KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Laboratories KW - Avoidance behavior KW - Assays KW - Bioassays KW - Community structure KW - Benthos KW - Pollution effects KW - Sediment pollution KW - Laboratory testing KW - Water pollution effects KW - Sediments KW - Behavior KW - Freshwater organisms KW - Indicator species KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17175024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+laboratory+assay+to+assess+avoidance+of+contaminated+sediments+by+the+freshwater+oligochaete+Lumbriculus+variegatus&rft.au=West%2C+C+W%3BAnkley%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Laboratories; Pollution effects; Avoidance reactions; Water pollution effects; Toxicity tests; Sediments; Bioassays; Behavior; Freshwater organisms; Freshwater pollution; Benthos; Indicator species; Laboratory testing; Assays; Avoidance behavior; Community structure; Oligochaetes; Assay; Sediment contamination; Lumbriculus variegatus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Economic Analysis of Ozone Control in California's San Joaquin Valley AN - 17155228; 4441263 AB - This study estimates the benefits to agriculture and human health of reducing ozone in the San Joaquin Valley of California, and the costs of ozone control. The San Joaquin Valley's highly valued crops suffer from high ozone levels. Federal and state primary ozone standards are based on health effects, not effects on other sectors, and do not consider costs of attaining the standards. The methods here allow comparison of both total and marginal benefits and costs. The results suggest that net gains can be achieved for the entire valley by reducing ozone below 1990 levels, although results vary by region. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics AU - Kim, HJ AU - Helfand, GE AU - Howitt, R E AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 55 EP - 70 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1068-5502, 1068-5502 KW - USA, California, San Joaquin Valley KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Pollution effects KW - Air pollution control KW - Public health KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Air quality standards KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17155228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=An+Economic+Analysis+of+Ozone+Control+in+California%27s+San+Joaquin+Valley&rft.au=Kim%2C+HJ%3BHelfand%2C+GE%3BHowitt%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Resource+Economics&rft.issn=10685502&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution effects; Agriculture; Air quality standards; Public health; Cost-benefit analysis; Ozone; Air pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A process for developing and evaluating indices of fish assemblage integrity AN - 17141120; 4444537 AB - We describe a general process for developing an index of fish assemblage integrity, using the Willamette Valley of Oregon, U.S.A., as an example. Such an index is useful for assessing the effects of humans on entire fish assemblages, and the general process can be applied to any biological assemblage and any region. First, a reference condition was determined from historical information, and then candidate metrics of ecological importance were listed. The variability of the candidate metrics in time and space was estimated and their responsiveness to independent measures of riparian and stream habitat quality assessed. Metrics were scored continuously from 0 to 10, producing an index of biological integrity (IBI) that was weighted to range from 0 to 100 regardless of the number of metrics. The index, developed from a set of 35 sites, was then tested on an independent set of eight urban sites sampled by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Thirteen of the 16 candidate metrics were appropriate and produced an IBI with among-site variance triple that of revisit variance. The method distinguished sites with acceptable fish assemblages from marginally and severely impaired sites. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Hughes, R M AU - Kaufmann, PR AU - Herlihy, A T AU - Kincaid, T M AU - Reynolds, L AU - Larsen, D P AD - Dynamac, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, hughesb@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 1618 EP - 1631 VL - 55 IS - 7 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - USA, Oregon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Stock assessment KW - Streams KW - Human impact KW - Pisces KW - Community composition KW - Community structure KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17141120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+process+for+developing+and+evaluating+indices+of+fish+assemblage+integrity&rft.au=Hughes%2C+R+M%3BKaufmann%2C+PR%3BHerlihy%2C+A+T%3BKincaid%2C+T+M%3BReynolds%2C+L%3BLarsen%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1618&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pisces; Streams; Community composition; Human impact; Stock assessment; Community structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for 2,4-toluenediamine leached from polyurethane foam-covered breast implants AN - 17093944; 4410090 AB - Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was used to assess the low-dose exposure of patients to the carcinogen 2,4-toluenediamine (2,4-TDA) released from the degradation of the polyester urehane foam (PU) used in Meme silicone breast implants. The tissues are represented as five compartments: live, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, slowly perfused tissues (e.g., fat), and richly perfused tissues (e.g., muscle). The PBPK model was fitted to the plasma and urine concentrations of 2,4-TDA and its metabolite 4-AAT (4-N-acetyl-2-amino toluene) in rats given low doses of 2,4-TDA intravenously and subcutaneously. The rat model was extrapolated to simulate oral and implant routes in rats. After adjusting for human physiological parameters, the model was then used to predict the bioavailability of 2,4-TDA released from a typical 4.87-g polyester urethane foam implant found in a patient who weighed 58 kg with the Meme and had the breast implant for 10 years. A quantitative risk assessment for 2,4-TDA was performed and the polyester urethane foam did present an unreasonable risk to health for the patient. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Do Luu, H-M AU - Hutter, J C AU - Bushar, H F AD - HFZ-150, Office of Science and Technology, Center For Devices and Radiological Health, 12725 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852 USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 VL - 106 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - 2,4-Toluenediamine KW - polyurethane KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Implants KW - Breast KW - Animal models KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17093944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+physiologically+based+pharmacokinetic+model+for+2%2C4-toluenediamine+leached+from+polyurethane+foam-covered+breast+implants&rft.au=Do+Luu%2C+H-M%3BHutter%2C+J+C%3BBushar%2C+H+F&rft.aulast=Do+Luu&rft.aufirst=H-M&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Implants; Breast; Animal models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproduction and polychlorinated biphenyls in Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus) from New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA AN - 16560506; 4395435 AB - This investigation evaluated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulation, survival, and reproduction in Fundulus heteroclitus from four stations along a gradient of increasing sediment contamination from West Island in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA, to the most contaminated area of the New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA, Superfund site. Fish collected during their natural spawning season were held in the laboratory for 5 weeks. Liver concentrations of non-ortho- and mono-ortho-PCBs averaged 0.461, 9.48, 20.8, and 29.3 mu g/g dry weight, with dioxin toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQs) of 0.006, 0.132, 0.543, and 1.56 ng/g; differences among stations were statistically significant. Females from two stations within the Superfund site had significantly greater mortality (30 and 23%) compared to those within West Island (0%), and growth was reduced. Progeny of fish from the most contaminated station exhibited significantly reduced survival (49%) and greater incidence of spinal abnormalities (26%) compared to those from West Island (70% survival, 7% spinal abnormalities). No differences in egg production or food consumption were observed. A significant residue-effect relationship was found between TEQs of liver PCBs and female mortality, consistent with that determined previously from laboratory exposures and validating TEQ as an effects indicator. Embryo and larval survival were inversely related to maternal liver TEQ. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Black, DE AU - Gutjahr-Gobell, R E AU - Pruell, R J AU - Bergen, B AU - Mills, L AU - McElroy, A E AD - Atlantic Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, gobell.ruthpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 VL - 17 IS - 7 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Mummichog KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford KW - USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford KW - Indicators KW - Sediment contamination KW - Eggs KW - PCB KW - Fundulus heteroclitus KW - Larvae KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Spatial distribution KW - Survival KW - Pollution effects KW - Killifish KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - PCB compounds KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Water pollution effects KW - Spawning KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Food intake KW - Liver KW - Reproduction KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Reproduction+and+polychlorinated+biphenyls+in+Fundulus+heteroclitus+%28Linnaeus%29+from+New+Bedford+Harbor%2C+Massachusetts%2C+USA&rft.au=Black%2C+DE%3BGutjahr-Gobell%2C+R+E%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BBergen%2C+B%3BMills%2C+L%3BMcElroy%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Spatial distribution; Indicators; Larvae; Pollution effects; Survival; Water pollution effects; Spawning; Eggs; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Bioaccumulation; Liver; Reproduction; PCB; polychlorinated biphenyls; Food intake; PCB compounds; Sediment contamination; Killifish; Fundulus heteroclitus; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a mixture of non-ortho- and mono-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls on reproduction in Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus) AN - 16560279; 4395434 AB - To assess the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on reproduction, female Fundulus heteroclitus were exposed to a mixture of non-ortho- and mono-ortho-PCBs, mimicking the mixture found in fish collected from New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA, a PCB-contaminated estuary. Exposure was by intraperitoneal injection of the mixture dissolved in corn oil. Doses of 0.76, 3.8, and 19 mu g PCB mixture per gram of wet weight produced liver concentrations of 2.99, 12.2, and 32.8 mu g non-ortho- and mono-ortho-PCBs per gram of dry liver, with dioxin toxic equivalency concentrations (TEQs) of 0.063, 0.409, and 0.720 ng/g, respectively. Female mortality was 58%, and egg production was reduced by 77% at the highest dose, compared to controls. Food consumption declined with increasing PCB concentration, suggesting that PCBs act indirectly to reduce fecundity through an energetic effect. Pituitary gonadotropin content appeared to be suppressed at the highest dose, but the ability of ovarian follicles to produce estradiol and testosterone in vitro was not impaired. Significant residue-effects linkages were found, with TEQ emerging as a potential indicator of adverse effects. Mortality was directly related, and egg production was inversely related to log sub(10) TEQ. Multiple regression analysis indicated that egg production was directly related to pituitary gonadotropin content and food consumption. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Black, DE AU - Gutjahr-Gobell, R E AU - Pruell, R J AU - Bergen, B AU - McElroy, A E AD - Atlantic Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA, gobell.ruthpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 1396 EP - 1404 VL - 17 IS - 7 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Fundulus heteroclitus KW - Mummichog KW - USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor KW - hormones KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford KW - Pollution effects KW - Injection KW - Eggs KW - Killifish KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Regression analysis KW - PCB compounds KW - PCB KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Gonadotropins KW - Estuaries KW - Water pollution effects KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Food intake KW - Liver KW - Reproduction KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+mixture+of+non-ortho-+and+mono-ortho-polychlorinated+biphenyls+on+reproduction+in+Fundulus+heteroclitus+%28Linnaeus%29&rft.au=Black%2C+DE%3BGutjahr-Gobell%2C+R+E%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BBergen%2C+B%3BMcElroy%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Estuaries; Regression analysis; Liver; Pollution effects; Reproduction; Water pollution effects; Eggs; PCB; Gonadotropins; Injection; polychlorinated biphenyls; Food intake; PCB compounds; Killifish; Fundulus heteroclitus; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, New Bedford; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of sediment slurry microcosms for modeling microbial communities in estuarine sediments AN - 16559507; 4395421 AB - Microcosms consisting of estuarine sediment slurries were examined for their utility as models for assessing effects on microbial community structure and function. Data were obtained over a 2-week period to evaluate the reproducibility between individual microcosms and the variability between microcosm slurries and fresh sediment cores. Sulfate reduction rates in microcosm slurries did not differ significantly from rates for freshly collected sediment cores (p greater than or equal to 0.05). However, the measured rates were more variable in microcosm slurries (SE = plus or minus 0.03-0.25 nM/ml/h) than in freshly collected sediments (SE = plus or minus 0.01-0.12 nM/ml/h). Rates of dark CO sub(2) fixation in the microcosm slurries declined but were consistent with rates in freshly collected sediments (6.51 and 9.29 nM/ml/h on day 3, respectively). Relative abundances (RAs) of 16S rRNA determined for six specific phylogenetic assemblages of sulfate-reducing bacteria were reproducible among three microcosm replicates with Desulfovibrio spp. consistently in greatest abundance (RA = 8.61 plus or minus 1.40, day 7). Total direct bacterial counts were not significantly different between freshly collected sediments and microcosm slurries (p greater than or equal to 0.05). The results indicated that microcosms were both reproducible and representative of the field, and could thus provide a potentially useful tool for studies of microbial community response to perturbation. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Kurtz, J C AU - Devereux, R AU - Barkay, T AU - Jonas, R B AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, USA, kurtz-janpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 1274 EP - 1281 VL - 17 IS - 7 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Bacteria KW - Microorganisms KW - microcosms KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Sulfates KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Cores KW - Desulfovibrio KW - Estuaries KW - Model studies KW - Monitoring KW - Benthos KW - Variability KW - Models KW - Slurries KW - Sulfur bacteria KW - Sediments KW - Sulfate KW - Aquatic microorganisms KW - Reproducibility KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16559507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+sediment+slurry+microcosms+for+modeling+microbial+communities+in+estuarine+sediments&rft.au=Kurtz%2C+J+C%3BDevereux%2C+R%3BBarkay%2C+T%3BJonas%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Estuarine organisms; Bacteria; Variability; Cores; Slurries; Estuaries; Microorganisms; Monitoring; Sediments; Models; Benthos; Sulfates; Sulfur bacteria; Sulfate; Aquatic microorganisms; Reproducibility; Model studies; Desulfovibrio ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model for estimating population impacts averted through the remediation of contaminated soil AN - 16539835; 4347825 AB - This is the second in a series of papers that discuss methodologies being developed and employed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in support of its decisions on cleanup levels for radioactively contaminated sites that are to be remediated and released for public use. It describes a model, CU-POP, designed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to obtain estimates of the potential collective radiological health impacts over specific periods of time (100, 1,000 and 10,000 y following cleanup), both on and off site, due to residual radioactive materials in on-site soil. Collective doses and risks are linear in population density for the direct exposure, dust and indoor radon inhalation, and soil ingestion pathways; it is assumed that specific fractions of all food grown and all groundwater pumped at a site are consumed by on- and off-site populations. The model was developed for application to a set of hypothetical "reference" sites; its testing on a simple generic site is discussed briefly here. JF - Health Physics AU - Wolbarst, AB AU - Mauro, J AU - Anigstein, R AU - Beres, D AU - Doehnert, M AU - Hull, H B AU - Marschke, S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (6603J), 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 67 EP - 76 VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - CU-POP KW - USA KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Population density KW - Environmental health KW - Decontamination KW - Radioactive materials KW - EPA KW - Environmental restoration KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution clean-up KW - Models KW - Mathematical models KW - Radioactive pollution KW - Soil pollution KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Physics&rft.atitle=Model+for+estimating+population+impacts+averted+through+the+remediation+of+contaminated+soil&rft.au=Wolbarst%2C+AB%3BMauro%2C+J%3BAnigstein%2C+R%3BBeres%2C+D%3BDoehnert%2C+M%3BHull%2C+H+B%3BMarschke%2C+S&rft.aulast=Wolbarst&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radioactive pollution; Environmental restoration; Decontamination; Risk assessment; Mathematical models; Soil remediation; Environmental health; EPA; Radioactive materials; Population density; Pollution clean-up; Models; Soil pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A highly selective PCR-protocol for detecting 16S rRNA genes of the genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) in environmental samples AN - 16525819; 4380307 AB - Pseudomonas species are plant, animal, and human pathogens; exhibit plant pathogen-suppressing properties useful in biological control; or express metabolic versatilities valued in biotechnology and bioremediation. Specific detection of Pseudomonas species in the environment may help us gain a more complete understanding of the ecological significance of these microorganisms. The objective of this study was to develop a PCR protocol for selective detection of Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) in environmental samples. Extensive database searches identified a highly selective PCR primer pair for amplification of Pseudomonas 16S rRNA genes. A protocol that included PCR amplification and restriction analysis, a general cloning and sequencing strategy, and phylogenetic analyses was developed. The PCR protocol was validated by testing 50 target and 14 non-target pure cultures, which confirmed the selectivity to 100%. Further validation used amplification of target sequences from purified bulk soil DNA followed by cloning of PCR products. Restriction analysis with HaeIII revealed eight different fragmentation patterns among 36 clones. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 8 representative clones indicated that 91.7% of the products were derived from target organisms of the PCR protocol. Three patterns, representing only 8.3% of the 36 clones, were derived from non-Pseudomonas or chimeric PCR artifacts. Three patterns, representing 61.1% of the clones, clustered with sequences of confirmed Pseudomonas species, whereas two patterns, representing 30.6% of the clones, formed a novel phylogenetic cluster closely associated with Pseudomonas species. The results indicated that the Pseudomonas-selective PCR primers were highly specific and may represent a powerful tool for Pseudomonas population structure analyses and taxonomic confirmations. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Widmer, F AU - Seidler, R J AU - Gillevet, P M AU - Watrud, L S AU - Di Giovanni, GD AD - Environmental Protection Agency, WED, NHEERL, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333-4902, USA, seidler@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 2545 EP - 2553 VL - 64 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - N 14411:Isolation, occurrence & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16525819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+highly+selective+PCR-protocol+for+detecting+16S+rRNA+genes+of+the+genus+Pseudomonas+%28sensu+stricto%29+in+environmental+samples&rft.au=Widmer%2C+F%3BSeidler%2C+R+J%3BGillevet%2C+P+M%3BWatrud%2C+L+S%3BDi+Giovanni%2C+GD&rft.aulast=Widmer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling habitat suitability for small mammals in Chihuahuan Desert foothills of New Mexico AN - 16507059; 4399766 AB - Desert arroyos make up only 2-4% of the desert landscape but may be unique habitat for some wildlife species. Habitat suitability models for small mammals could indicate habitat condition in these uncommon areas and, through monitoring, provide a tool for arid lands wildlife management. During 1993 and 1994, we modeled habitat associations for 18 species of small mammals in 6 habitats associated with desert foothills in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico. Habitat associations of small mammals remained relatively consistent through time, although community abundance decreased 34% from spring 1993 to fall 1994. These habitat associations allowed us to use discriminant analysis to model habitat associations based upon designation of habitat as capable of supporting "high," "moderate," or "low" relative abundance. The procedure successfully classified 80-93% of habitats as supporting "high," "moderate," or "low" abundance of 13 species of heteromyid and murid rodents. Murid rodents (Peromyscus, Reithrodontomys, Neotoma, Sigmodon) were found primarily within arroyos where shrub diversity, canopy cover, and height were greatest compared to surrounding habitats. The modeling approach described herein should be useful to managers because stochastic temporal change in the relative abundance of small mammals is effectively removed from consideration. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Jorgensen, EE AU - Demarais, S AU - Sell, S M AU - Lerich, S P AD - 708 South Monte Vista, Ada, OK 74820, USA, jorgensen.eric@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 989 EP - 996 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16507059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Modeling+habitat+suitability+for+small+mammals+in+Chihuahuan+Desert+foothills+of+New+Mexico&rft.au=Jorgensen%2C+EE%3BDemarais%2C+S%3BSell%2C+S+M%3BLerich%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Jorgensen&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternative fuel motor vehicle tailpipe and evaporative emissions composition and ozone potential AN - 16495846; 4387520 AB - The 1988 Alternative Motor Fuels Act and the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require examination of the potential to favorably influence air quality by changing the composition of motor vehicle fuels. Motor vehicle tailpipe and evaporative emissions were characterized using laboratory simulations of roadway driving conditions and a variety of vehicle-fuel technologies (reformulated gasoline (RFG), methanol (M85), ethanol (E85), and natural gas (CNG)). Speciated organic compound (with Carter MIR ozone potential), CO, and NO sub(x) emission rates and fuel economy were characterized. The Carter MIR ozone potential of combined Federal Test Procedure (FTP) tailpipe and evaporative emissions was reduced more than 90% with CNG relative to RFG, M85, and E85 fuels. FTP toxic compound emissions (benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene) were greater with M85 and E85 fuels than with RFG fuel, and less with CNG fuel than RFG fuel. The most abundant toxic compound was benzene with RFG fuel, formaldehyde with M85 fuel, and acetaldehyde with E85 fuel. FTP MPG fuel economies were reduced with M85 and E85 fuels relative to RFG fuel, consistent with their lower BTU/gal. Energy efficiencies (BTU/mi) were improved with all the alternative fuels relative to RFG. Carter MIR ozone potential was generally reduced with the alternative fuels relative to RFG fuel under REP05 (high speeds and acceleration rates) driving conditions (most significantly with CNG). Toxic aldehyde emissions were reduced under REP05 conditions relative to FTP conditions with all the tested fuels, and toxic benzene emissions were elevated under high acceleration conditions. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Black, F AU - Tejada, S AU - Gurevich, M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 578 EP - 591 VL - 48 IS - 7 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16495846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Alternative+fuel+motor+vehicle+tailpipe+and+evaporative+emissions+composition+and+ozone+potential&rft.au=Black%2C+F%3BTejada%2C+S%3BGurevich%2C+M&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=578&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of ethanol fuel on the emissions of vehicles over a wide range of temperatures AN - 16492215; 4387526 AB - The emissions from a fleet of 11 vehicles, including three from the State of Alaska, were tested at 75, 0, and -20 degree F with base gasolines and E10 gasolines, that is, gasolines with 10% by volume ethanol added. The data for the changes in emissions for the test run at 75 degree F are included, since most other studies on the effects of E10 gasoline on emissions were run at that temperature. The three Alaskan vehicles were also tested at 20 degree F. The testing followed the Federal Test Procedure, and regulated emissions - CO, total hydrocarbons (THC), and nitrogen oxides (NO sub(x)) - CO sub(2), speciated organics, and fuel economy were measured. A total of 490 FTP tests were run. The data obtained indicated that with most vehicles, at the temperatures tested, improvements in both CO and THC emissions were obtained with the use of E10 fuel. At the lowest temperature used, -20 degree F, most vehicles had an increase in NO sub(x) emissions with the use of E10 fuel. At the other temperatures, however, more vehicles showed a decrease in NO sub(x) emissions with the use of E10. With all vehicles at all temperatures tested, the emissions of acetaldehyde increased significantly when E10 fuel was used. The highest increase was about 8 to 1. Benzene, formaldehyde, and 1,3 butadiene showed both increases and decreases in the emissions when using E10 fuel. Unexpected results were obtained with the fuel economy, with about half of the tests showing an increase in fuel economy with the use of E10 fuel. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Knapp, K T AU - Stump, F D AU - Tejada, S B AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 646 EP - 653 VL - 48 IS - 7 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16492215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+ethanol+fuel+on+the+emissions+of+vehicles+over+a+wide+range+of+temperatures&rft.au=Knapp%2C+K+T%3BStump%2C+F+D%3BTejada%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Knapp&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Municipal waste disposal: Unit pricing and recycling opportunities AN - 16489882; 4376351 AB - This article examines, theoretically and empirically, the impact of municipal waste management policies such as unit pricing and recycling on the demand for residential municipal solid waste disposal. Using a unique cross-sectional data set for 149 municipalities from five New Jersey counties, the empirical analysis estimates the demand for household municipal waste disposal. In the presence of recycling opportunities, the estimated demand elasticity is higher than that found in previous studies. This suggests that bag or tag unit pricing programs, combined with curbside recycling, will improve social welfare and reduce municipal expenditures on waste disposal services. Mandatory government-supported recycling programs throughout New Jersey afford an opportunity to consider both the direct impact of recycling and the interaction between unit pricing and such recycling programs on municipal waste disposal. JF - Public Works Management & Policy AU - Podolsky, MJ AU - Spiegel, M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1998/07// PY - 1998 DA - Jul 1998 SP - 27 EP - 39 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1087-724X, 1087-724X KW - USA, New Jersey KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16489882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Works+Management+%26+Policy&rft.atitle=Municipal+waste+disposal%3A+Unit+pricing+and+recycling+opportunities&rft.au=Podolsky%2C+MJ%3BSpiegel%2C+M&rft.aulast=Podolsky&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1998-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Works+Management+%26+Policy&rft.issn=1087724X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of genotoxic effects of mammalian germ cell mutagens. AN - 80029953; 9675260 AB - Germ cell mutagens are among the most important chemicals for which chemopreventive agents should be sought and mechanistically defined. These mutagens may include environmental chemicals as well as drugs. In this investigation, the literature was reviewed for substances antimutagenic (or anticlastogenic) to compounds identified as mutagens in at least two germ cell studies. A complete matrix of test results was prepared to identify commonly tested pairs of germ cell mutagens and antimutagens. The categories of antimutagens most tested included vitamins, fatty acids, thiols, tannins and other phenolics. The most frequently studied mutagens were benzo[a]pyrene, cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, and bleomycin. Based on the availability of the most relevant data, the analysis presented here focused on in vivo tests, specifically on bone marrow cytogenetics. The results indicated that antimutagens commonly found in the diet or endogenously in the body effectively antagonized the cytogenetic damage induced in the bone marrow by most of the germ cell mutagens studied to date. Bone marrow micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays, which detect systemically active mutagens, may be predictive of similar mitigating effects in germ cells. Test results from antimutagenicity studies in germ cells, though limited, were comparable to the results from studies in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JF - Mutation research AU - Waters, M D AU - Stack, H F AU - Jackson, M A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Y1 - 1998/06/18/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 18 SP - 129 EP - 138 VL - 402 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Germ Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80029953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+genotoxic+effects+of+mammalian+germ+cell+mutagens.&rft.au=Waters%2C+M+D%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BJackson%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-06-18&rft.volume=402&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combined laboratory/field study on the use of nitrate for in situ bioremediation of a fuel-contaminated aquifer AN - 16544836; 4364637 AB - A pilot demonstration project was conducted at Eglin Air Force Base, FL, to compare the extent of bioremediation of a fuel-contaminated aquifer using sprinkler application with and without nitrate addition on two adjacent 30 m x 30 m cells. Target compound groups included both BTEXTMB (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and trimethylbenzenes) and the JP-4 jet fuel. Bioremediation performance was monitored through the use of groundwater quality measurements as well as periodic core analyses. Operation began April 1994, and an interim performance evaluation was conducted August 1994. The final performance evaluation was conducted May 1995. Minimal remediation occurred during the first four months. Water quality analyses showed that the nitrate cell subsurface was actively denitrifying, but lysimeter samples indicated that much of the nitrate was consumed within the rhizosphere above the fuel-contaminated interval. A 9 m x 9 m plot inside each cell was therefore stripped of vegetative cover and covered with a weed barrier to enhance nitrate transfer into the subsurface. After an additional 8 months operation, lysimeter samples showed increased nitrate transfer to the contaminated interval beneath the nitrate cell stripped plot, and there was higher fractional removal of contaminant groups beneath the stripped plots as well. On the basis of core data, BTEXTMB was reduced by 66 plus or minus 1% in both treatment cells, equivalent to a mass loss of 106 and 21 kg in the nitrate cell and control cell, respectively. Monitoring well data provided evidence of sulfate reduction in the control cell but not in the nitrate cell. In addition, post-test treatability studies using core material from both cells demonstrated removal of alkylbenzenes under denitrifying and iron-reducing conditions, with different profiles for each cell. One year after completion of the project, BTEXTMB reductions in downgradient monitoring wells remained consistent with the core data. Collective laboratory and field data indicated that contaminant reduction occurred as a result of anaerobic bioremediation as well as soil washing and that different anaerobic processes predominated in the control cell due to circulation of endogenous electron acceptors. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Hutchins AU - Miller, DE AU - Thomas, A AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, Ada, OK 74820, USA, hutchins.stevepamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 15 SP - 1832 EP - 1840 VL - 32 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - BTEXTMB KW - Eglin Air Force Base KW - USA, Florida KW - USA, Florida, Eglin AFB KW - benzene KW - ethyl benzene KW - ethylbenzene KW - nitrate KW - trimethylbenzene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Bioremediation KW - Performance evaluation KW - Contamination KW - Toluene KW - Fuels KW - Decontamination KW - Water quality KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Fuel KW - Pollutant removal KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Aquifers KW - Xylene KW - Water treatment KW - Denitrification KW - Nitrates KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Comparison studies KW - Pollution control KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16544836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Combined+laboratory%2Ffield+study+on+the+use+of+nitrate+for+in+situ+bioremediation+of+a+fuel-contaminated+aquifer&rft.au=Hutchins%3BMiller%2C+DE%3BThomas%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-06-15&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1832&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioremediation; Water treatment; Nitrates; Xylene; Fuels; Denitrification; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Groundwater pollution; Anaerobic digestion; Water quality; Pollution control; Aquifers; Pollutant removal; Contamination; Toluene; Decontamination; Performance evaluation; Comparison studies; Fuel; USA, Florida ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lagrangian modeling of mercury air emission, transport and deposition: An analysis of model sensitivity to emissions uncertainty AN - 16550389; 4381783 AB - The Regional Lagrangian Model of Air Pollution (RELMAP) is used to simulate the emission, transport and diffusion, chemical transformation, and wet and dry deposition of elemental mercury gas, divalent mercury gas and particulate mercury from various point- and area-source types. A version of the RELMAP mercury model is used which separately simulates the transport and deposition of emissions from the seven point-source categories modeled. A mercury air emission inventory developed by the U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards for the continental United States is used. This inventory provides estimates of the total mercury mass emitted, but does not define the chemical and physical forms of these emissions. A wide variety of emission speciations, combinations of chemical and physical forms, are evaluated with the new RELMAP mercury model. Average annual concentrations and wet and dry deposition totals are simulated for a complete calendar year. The results of the simulation are used to estimate the quantity of mercury deposited to soils and water bodies based on a variety of assumed emission speciation for the seven point-source types. An analysis of the modeling results provides some quantitative information about the sensitivity of modeling results to uncertainty in the mercury emissions speciation of modeled industrial activities, but a qualitative assessment is the primary goal. The model is shown to be most sensitive to mercury emissions speciation uncertainty related to the burning of waste materials and electrical power generation. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Bullock, OR Jr AU - Brehme, KA AU - Mapp, G R AD - Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division, Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, bro@hpcc.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06/10/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 10 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 213 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Wet deposition KW - Air pollution KW - Emission inventories KW - Dry deposition KW - Industrial emissions KW - Mercury levels KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16550389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Lagrangian+modeling+of+mercury+air+emission%2C+transport+and+deposition%3A+An+analysis+of+model+sensitivity+to+emissions+uncertainty&rft.au=Bullock%2C+OR+Jr%3BBrehme%2C+KA%3BMapp%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.aufirst=OR&rft.date=1998-06-10&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Mercury as a global pollutant. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Dry deposition; Wet deposition; Emission inventories; Mercury levels; Industrial emissions; Air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation, Soil, and Animal Indicators of Rangeland Health AN - 856754635; 13770995 AB - We studied indicators of rangeland health on benchmark sites with long, well documented records of protection from stress by domestic livestock or histories of environmental stress and vegetation change. We measured ecosystem properties (metrics) that were clearly linked to ecosystem processes. We focused on conservation of soil and water as key processes in healthy ecosystems, and on maintenance of biodiversity and productivity as important functions of healthy ecosystems. Measurements from which indicators of rangeland health were derived included: sizes of unvegetated patches, cover and species composition of perennial grasses, cover and species composition of shrubs and herbaceous perennials, soil slaking, and abundance and species composition of the bird fauna. Indicators that provided an interpretable range of values over the gradient from irreversibly degraded sites to healthy sites included: bare patch index, cover of long-lived grasses, palatability index, and weighted soil surface stability index. Indicators for which values above a threshold may serve as an indicator of rangeland health include: cover of plant species toxic to livestock, cover of exotic species, and cover of increaser species. Several other indicator metrics were judged not sensitive nor interpretable. Examples of application of rangeland health indicators to evaluate the success of various restoration efforts supported the contention that a suite of indicators are required to assess rangeland health. Bird species diversity and ant species diversity were not related to the status of the sample site and were judged inadequate as indicators of maintenance of biodiversity. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Whitford, Walter G AU - De Soyza, Amrita G AU - Van Zee, Justin W AU - Herrick, Jeffery E AU - Havstad, Kris M AD - Environmental Sciences Division-Las Vegas, Senior Research Ecologist, U.S. EPA, ORD, NERL, PO Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV, 81913 Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 179 EP - 200 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Rangelands KW - Formicidae KW - Indicators KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - M3:1010 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856754635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Vegetation%2C+Soil%2C+and+Animal+Indicators+of+Rangeland+Health&rft.au=Whitford%2C+Walter+G%3BDe+Soyza%2C+Amrita+G%3BVan+Zee%2C+Justin+W%3BHerrick%2C+Jeffery+E%3BHavstad%2C+Kris+M&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005987219356 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rangelands; Indicators; Formicidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005987219356 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A probabilistic framework for the reference dose (probabilistic RfD). AN - 80001526; 9664723 AB - Determining the probabilistic limits for the uncertainty factors used in the derivation of the Reference Dose (RfD) is an important step toward the goal of characterizing the risk of noncarcinogenic effects from exposure to environmental pollutants. If uncertainty factors are seen, individually, as "upper bounds" on the dose-scaling factor for sources of uncertainty, then determining comparable upper bounds for combinations of uncertainty factors can be accomplished by treating uncertainty factors as distributions, which can be combined by probabilistic techniques. This paper presents a conceptual approach to probabilistic uncertainty factors based on the definition and use of RfDs by the U.S. EPA. The approach does not attempt to distinguish one uncertainty factor from another based on empirical data or biological mechanisms but rather uses a simple displaced lognormal distribution as a generic representation of all uncertainty factors. Monte Carlo analyses show that the upper bounds for combinations of this distribution can vary by factors of two to four when compared to the fixed-value uncertainty factor approach. The probabilistic approach is demonstrated in the comparison of Hazard Quotients based on RfDs with differing number of uncertainty factors. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Swartout, J C AU - Price, P S AU - Dourson, M L AU - Carlson-Lynch, H L AU - Keenan, R E AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 271 EP - 282 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Models, Statistical KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Species Specificity KW - Risk Assessment KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80001526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=A+probabilistic+framework+for+the+reference+dose+%28probabilistic+RfD%29.&rft.au=Swartout%2C+J+C%3BPrice%2C+P+S%3BDourson%2C+M+L%3BCarlson-Lynch%2C+H+L%3BKeenan%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Swartout&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimates of per capita fish consumption in the U.S. based on the continuing survey of food intake by individuals (CSFII). AN - 80001416; 9664724 AB - This paper presents estimates of daily average per capita fish consumption by age and gender for the 48 conterminous states. The estimated consumption rates are reported for three fish habitats: freshwater/estuarine fish, marine fish, and all fish. The estimates were generated from the combined 1989, 1990, and 1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII), a national food consumption survey conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Point and interval estimates of per capita fish consumption were generated from the empirical distribution of daily average per capita consumption. The point estimates include the mean, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles. Ninety percent confidence intervals are provided for the estimated mean and 90% bootstrap intervals are provided for percentile estimates. Information in a recipe file provided by USDA was used to calculate the amount of fish in recipes which contain fish. The estimated consumption rates are based on the weight of fish in its prepared or "as consumed" condition. The estimated mean consumption rate for all fish for the U.S. population of the 48 conterminous states was 15.65 grams/person/day (C.I.:14.67-16.63) of which 4.71 grams/person/day (C.I.:4.17-5.25) was freshwater/estuarine fish and 10.94 grams/person/day (C.I.:10.14-11.73) was marine fish. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Jacobs, H L AU - Kahn, H D AU - Stralka, K A AU - Phan, D B AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. 20460, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 283 EP - 291 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Seawater KW - Risk Assessment KW - Fresh Water KW - Adult KW - Data Collection KW - Middle Aged KW - Shellfish KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Eating KW - Fishes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80001416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+per+capita+fish+consumption+in+the+U.S.+based+on+the+continuing+survey+of+food+intake+by+individuals+%28CSFII%29.&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+H+L%3BKahn%2C+H+D%3BStralka%2C+K+A%3BPhan%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking research and policy to ensure children's environmental health. AN - 79971863; 9646049 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has made protecting children's environmental health its highest priority. Data on how and when children may be at risk are vital for accomplishing this goal. Recent examples of the link between research and policy include U.S. EPA actions to carry out the recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences on pesticides in children's food, reduce and prevent childhood lead poisoning, and revise national ambient air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter. Today, the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA), which makes protecting children from pesticide residues in food a national priority, is contributing to the growing need for data for decision making. Further impetus comes from provisions in the FQPA and 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments for establishing a screening and testing program for potential risks from endocrine disruptors. Another factor is the analysis that will be required under President William J. Clinton's executive order directing all federal agencies, for the first time, to reduce environmental health and safety risks to children. Success of the U.S. international commitment to protect children is directly tied to the strength and availability of environmental data. To meet such challenges, the U.S. EPA is revising key science policies, expanding research opportunities, and adding to the public's right-to-know tools. In this dynamic climate, there are growing opportunities for the research community to play a greater role in helping ensure the well-being of children living today and in generations to come. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Goldman, L R AD - Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. goldman.lynn@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 857 EP - 862 VL - 106 Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Policy Making KW - Humans KW - Research -- standards KW - Child KW - Health Priorities KW - Risk Assessment KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency -- standards KW - Environmental Exposure -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Environmental Health -- standards KW - Health Policy KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Child Welfare KW - Environmental Health -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79971863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Linking+research+and+policy+to+ensure+children%27s+environmental+health.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=857&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemicals and children's environment: what we don't know about risks. AN - 79964641; 9646051 AB - Although we know that certain types of childhood cancers are increasing, we do not know why. With few exceptions, we know little about the role of environmental carcinogens in childhood cancer. Generally, we have adequate information to screen chemicals for potential hazard for only certain categories of chemicals--drugs, food additives, and pesticides. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is implementing the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act, which provides added protections against pesticide risks, especially for children. But the situation is quite different for many industrial chemicals. We lack even basic toxicity data for a majority of the U.S. EPA's list of approximately 3000 nonpolymeric high-production-volume industrial chemicals being produced in the United States each year that are found in consumer products and the workplace. We know even less about the remaining 70,000 chemicals on the U.S. EPA inventory. The U.S. EPA has initiatives underway to address the risks posed by some of these commercial chemicals, including efforts to reduce risks posed by indoor air pollutants and household products. These initiatives specifically address children's risks. We are supporting toxicity screening of high-volume industrial chemicals on a cooperative international basis through the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Until more information is available, it is difficult to assess the possible role of these chemicals in childhood cancer and to take steps to reduce exposure to children. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Goldman, L R AD - Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. goldman.lynn@epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 875 EP - 880 VL - 106 Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Pesticides -- standards KW - Age Factors KW - Perinatal Care KW - Diagnostic Tests, Routine KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Child KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pesticides -- toxicity KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Hazardous Substances -- classification KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Child Welfare KW - Environmental Health -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79964641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Chemicals+and+children%27s+environment%3A+what+we+don%27t+know+about+risks.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=106+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Nov;21(4):451-60 [8253298] N Engl J Med. 1971 Apr 15;284(15):878-81 [5549830] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the cancer risk from environmental PCBs. AN - 79925515; 9618347 AB - A new approach to assessing the cancer risk from environmental polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) considers both toxicity and environmental processes to make distinctions among environmental mixtures. New toxicity information from a 1996 cancer study of four commercial mixtures strengthens the case that all PCB mixtures can cause cancer, although different mixtures have different potencies. Environmental processes alter PCB mixtures through partitioning, chemical transformation, and preferential bioaccumulation; these processes can increase or decrease toxicity considerably. Bioaccumulated PCBs are of greatest concern because they appear to be more toxic than commercial PCBs and more persistent in the body. The new approach uses toxicity studies of commercial mixtures to develop a range of cancer potency estimates and then considers the effect of environmental processes to choose appropriate values for representative classes of environmental mixtures. Guidance is given for assessing risks from different exposure pathways, less-than-lifetime and early-life exposures, and mixtures containing dioxinlike compounds. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Cogliano, V J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, D.C. 20460, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 317 EP - 323 VL - 106 IS - 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Risk Assessment KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- pharmacokinetics KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79925515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+cancer+risk+from+environmental+PCBs.&rft.au=Cogliano%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Cogliano&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Environ Health. 1972 Nov;25(5):354-64 [4346789] Occup Environ Med. 1997 Oct;54(10):720-8 [9404319] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1973 Nov;51(5):1637-46 [4128486] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1974 Aug;53(2):547-52 [4367249] Gan. 1974 Dec;65(6):545-9 [4219193] Drug Metab Dispos. 1975 Sep-Oct;3(5):371-80 [241618] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1975 Dec;55(6):1453-9 [173869] N Engl J Med. 1976 Aug 19;295(8):450 [819831] Cancer Res. 1976 Sep;36(9 pt.1):2973-9 [975067] Rev Environ Health. 1977;2(4):285-304 [414312] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1978 Jun;19(6):665-70 [98186] Cancer Res. 1981 Dec;41(12 Pt 1):5052-9 [6796264] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1983 Apr-Jun;11(4-6):933-46 [6413698] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1983 Oct-Dec;12(4-6):511-9 [6422047] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Sep 15;75(2):278-88 [6433511] Environ Health Perspect. 1985 May;60:89-95 [3928367] Environ Health Perspect. 1985 May;60:97-105 [3928368] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Feb;76(2):283-9 [3456066] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1986 Jul;15(4):393-9 [3090951] Am J Ind Med. 1986;10(4):341-4 [3098097] Am J Ind Med. 1987;11(2):165-76 [3103429] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1987;21(3):367-74 [3108517] Arch Environ Health. 1987 Nov-Dec;42(6):333-9 [3125795] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 May;81:225-39 [2503374] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1990;20(6):440-96 [2165409] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Aug;11(8):1243-7 [2387009] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1990 Dec;31(4):235-46 [2254950] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1991 Dec;111(3):454-68 [1684070] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1991 Oct;47(4):491-8 [1786431] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992 May;22(4):362-6 [1489385] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Aug 15;136(4):389-98 [1415158] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1993 Jul;39(3):375-82 [8350383] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Jan;102 Suppl 1:205-9 [8187710] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1994;24(2):87-149 [8037844] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Aug;102(8):676-9 [7895708] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1994 Dec;20(3 Pt 1):362-70 [7724839] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1995;25(2):133-63 [7612174] Toxicology. 1995 Dec 28;105(2-3):391-401 [8571375] Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Dec;9(8):1285-92 [8951230] Lancet. 1997 Jul 26;350(9073):240-4 [9242800] Gan. 1973 Feb;64(1):105-8 [4198021] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos affects form deprivation myopia. AN - 79919686; 9620094 AB - The effects of the anti-cholinesterase organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) on the refractive development of the eye were examined. Form deprivation was used to induce eye growth to address the previously reported relationship between organophosphate pesticide use and the incidence of myopia. Chickens, a well-established animal model for experimental myopia and organophosphate neurotoxicity, were dosed with chlorpyrifos (3 mg/kg per day, orally, from day 2 to day 9 after hatching) or corn oil vehicle (VEH) with or without monocular form deprivation (MFD) over the same period. The set of dependent measures included the refractive state of each eye measured using retinoscopy, axial dimensions determined with A-scan ultrasound, and intraocular pressure. Dosing with CPF yielded an inhibition of 35% butyrylcholinesterase in plasma and 45% acetylcholinesterase in brain. MFD resulted in a significant degree of myopia in form-deprived eyes resulting from significant lengthening of the vitreal chamber of the eye. CPF significantly reduced the effect of MFD, resulting in less myopic eyes (mean refraction: VEH-MFD = -16.2 +/- 2.3 diopters; CPF-MFD = -11.1 +/- 1.8 diopters) with significantly shorter vitreal chambers. Nonoccluded eyes were, on average, slightly hyperopic. Treatment with CPF for 1 week in the absence of MFD led to no significant change in ocular dimensions or refraction relative to controls. The use of form deprivation as a challenge suggests that CPF treatment interferes with the visual regulation of eye growth. JF - Investigative ophthalmology & visual science AU - Geller, A M AU - Abdel-Rahman, A A AU - Peiffer, R L AU - Abou-Donia, M B AU - Boyes, W K AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 1290 EP - 1294 VL - 39 IS - 7 SN - 0146-0404, 0146-0404 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Butyrylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - Cholinesterases KW - EC 3.1.1.8 KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Refraction, Ocular KW - Intraocular Pressure KW - Cholinesterases -- metabolism KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Form Perception KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Ultrasonography KW - Butyrylcholinesterase -- blood KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Eye -- growth & development KW - Myopia -- enzymology KW - Sensory Deprivation KW - Chlorpyrifos -- pharmacology KW - Eye -- diagnostic imaging KW - Eye -- drug effects KW - Myopia -- prevention & control KW - Myopia -- etiology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79919686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investigative+ophthalmology+%26+visual+science&rft.atitle=The+organophosphate+pesticide+chlorpyrifos+affects+form+deprivation+myopia.&rft.au=Geller%2C+A+M%3BAbdel-Rahman%2C+A+A%3BPeiffer%2C+R+L%3BAbou-Donia%2C+M+B%3BBoyes%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Geller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Investigative+ophthalmology+%26+visual+science&rft.issn=01460404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergy Analysis of Human Carrying Capacity and Regional Sustainability: an Example Using the State of Maine AN - 759319956; 13771021 AB - The human carrying capacity for a region at a specified standard of living depends on the economic and environmental resources of the region and the exchange of resources across regional boundaries. The length of time that a human population living at a given standard can be sustained depends on the rates of use and renewal of the resource base. All environmental, economic, and social resources are produced as a result of energy transformations; therefore, the energy required for their production can be specified and evaluated in common terms by converting their energy values into emergy. Emergy is defined as the available energy of one kind, previously used up directly and indirectly to make a product or service. Its unit is the emjoule. Emergy values and indices are used to evaluate the resource base for Maine, a politically defined region, and to estimate its human carrying capacity at the 1980 standard of living and for possible future resource bases. Emergy indices for Maine are compared with similar indices for Florida, Texas, and the United States to demonstrate variations in human carrying capacity and sustainability among different regions. The 1980 standard of living for Maine, Florida, Texas, and the Nation as measured by emergy use per person fell within a relatively narrow range of 3.4E16 to 4.3E16 solar emjoules y-1. The human carrying capacity for a region is considered within a pulsing paradigm for sustainability and within the constraints provided by a renewable resource base. For example, in the short-term the developed human carrying capacity for Maine is largely determined by the fuel emergy inflow relative to renewable emergy resources. If purchased emergy inflows relative to Maine's renewable emergy increase to the average ratio for a developed country around 1980, the population living in Maine at 1980 standards could increase to 2.9 million or 2.6 times Maine's 1980 population. In contrast, the human carrying capacity based on Maine's renewable resources alone was 0.37 million people at the 1980 standard of living or 33% of the 1980 population. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Campbell, Daniel E AD - Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, 02882 Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 531 EP - 569 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Economics KW - USA, Florida KW - carrying capacity KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3:1010 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759319956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Emergy+Analysis+of+Human+Carrying+Capacity+and+Regional+Sustainability%3A+an+Example+Using+the+State+of+Maine&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Daniel+E&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006043721115 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carrying capacity; USA, Florida DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006043721115 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Data in Decision Making in EPA Regional Offices AN - 759319374; 13770982 AB - The mid-Atlantic region of the United States has a wide diversity of natural resources. Human pressures on these natural resources are intense. These factors have resulted in the collection of substantial amounts of environmental information about the region by EPA (both Regional and Research Offices), other governmental agencies, industry, and environmental groups. EPA Regional Offices comprehend first hand the importance of environmental data and are extremely supportive of investments in these data. Environmental data are used prominently in a variety of strategic planning and resource management initiatives. In EPA Region 3, the use of scientifically-sound environmental data is, in fact, one of our strategic programmatic goals. Environmental information is captured and assessed continuously by Regional staff, sometimes working in partnership with other Federal and State agencies, to derive relevant resource management conclusions. The restoration goals for the Chesapeake Bay are based on environmental indicators and resulting data. Attainment of the water quality objectives for streams and coastal estuaries are predicted on monitoring data. Our initiative in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands area uses environmental indicators to measure the condition of forests and streams. Landscape-level indicators will provide unique opportunities for the use of data in planning and management activities in support of the principles of community-based activism and sustainable development. Significant value is added to these data during their use by Regional managers. Regional programs, such as the Chesapeake Bay Program and several National Estuary Programs, are founded in environmental data. Environmental information is used by the Regional program managers to ascertain whether programs are accomplishing their intended objectives. Finally, Regional programs provide a crucial means for disseminating this information to broad segments of the public, so that a better informed and educated client base for effective environmental protection will develop. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Laskowski, Stanley L AU - Kutz, Frederick W AD - Deputy Regional Administrator, EPA Region 3, 841 Chestnut Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19107 Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 15 EP - 21 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Resource management KW - Indicators KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic Highlands KW - Resources Management KW - Streams KW - Environmental factors KW - Natural Resources KW - Environmental information KW - Assessments KW - Planning KW - Regional planning KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Estuaries KW - Water Quality KW - activism KW - environmental indicators KW - ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - EPA KW - Sustainable Development KW - Natural resources KW - Governments KW - ANW, USA, Mid-Atlantic Region KW - Monitoring KW - National planning KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759319374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Environmental+Data+in+Decision+Making+in+EPA+Regional+Offices&rft.au=Laskowski%2C+Stanley+L%3BKutz%2C+Frederick+W&rft.aulast=Laskowski&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005928218022 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Pollution monitoring; Resource management; Sustainable Development; Natural resources; Regional planning; Governments; Environmental factors; National planning; water quality; EPA; Environmental information; Estuaries; activism; environmental indicators; Streams; Natural Resources; Assessments; Planning; Water Quality; Indicators; Monitoring; Resources Management; ANW, USA, Mid-Atlantic Region; USA, Mid-Atlantic Highlands; ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005928218022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benthic Biological Processes and EH as a Basis for a Benthic Index AN - 759318784; 13771000 AB - It is proposed that the common measures of benthic community condition can be augmented with a vertical EH profile taken through the benthic bioturbation zone. Sediment EH, an electrochemical measure of oxidized and reduced compounds in sediment porewater, measures the integrative consequences of all metabolic and transport processes of the benthic community. Biota, especially microbiota, metabolize carbon using a variety of electron acceptors, including O2, SO4 and some nitrogen and metal compounds. Motile benthic macrofauna ingest and transport particles, ventilate deep burrows and anoxic sediment with overlying seawater while sedentary suspension-feeding fauna deposit suspended organic matter onto the sediment surface. Collectively, these metabolic and behavioral processes advect particles and seawater between bottom water and deep sediment and define the overall structure of porewater chemistry. That structure creates a full spectrum of biogeochemical conditions of solubility, reactivity, and microbial metabolism which remineralizes excess organic carbon and most organic contaminants, defines solubility of trace metals, and pushes the vertical EH profile toward oxidizing conditions. It is proposed that a standard EH probe inserted downward through the bioturbation zone will provide a general measure of this resulting porewater chemistry and thus the impact of feeding, irrigation, and metabolism of the total macro, meio, and microbenthic community. If such a measure can be validated it will permit extended measurement of community function and reduced efforts in measuring community structure. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Davis, Wayne R AU - Draxler, Andrew FJ AU - Paul, John F AU - Vitaliano, Joseph J AD - U.S. EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI, 02882 Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 259 EP - 268 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Benthic communities KW - Pore water KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & ENAironmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759318784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Benthic+Biological+Processes+and+EH+as+a+Basis+for+a+Benthic+Index&rft.au=Davis%2C+Wayne+R%3BDraxler%2C+Andrew+FJ%3BPaul%2C+John+F%3BVitaliano%2C+Joseph+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005947605244 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pore water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005947605244 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and Validation of Ecological Indicators: an ORD Approach AN - 759318416; 13770983 AB - The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development (ORD) is continuing research efforts initiated by the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program on ecological indicator development. An ORD Ecological Indicators Working Group has been formed with activities in three primary areas. (1) Guidelines and procedures are being developed to evaluate indicators for use in monitoring programs. Indicators will be evaluated on conceptual soundness, implementation, response variability, and interpretation/utility. The evaluation guidelines will be applied in peer review to endorse technically acceptable indicators and will provide research direction for improvements. (2) An ORD strategy for research in ecological indicators is being developed by the Working Group in collaboration with Division research scientists. The strategy will serve to prioritize research based on the greatest importance and uncertainty and identify goals for indicator development in both intramural and extramural programs. The research strategy includes application of the evaluation guidelines to identify relevant research questions. (3) Interactions with indicator client and user groups (states, program offices and regions) are actively being sought for successful development and implementation of indicators. Client indicator priorities are formally included in the research strategy and user feedback on indicators will help to identify relevant research questions. Consultations with users will serve to assist in evaluating, implementing, and interpreting indicators in monitoring programs. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Fisher, William S AD - ORD Ecological Indicators Working Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL, 32561 Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 23 EP - 28 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - EPA KW - guidelines KW - Reviews KW - State programs KW - Research programs KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759318416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Development+and+Validation+of+Ecological+Indicators%3A+an+ORD+Approach&rft.au=Fisher%2C+William+S&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005909103001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; EPA; guidelines; Reviews; State programs; Research programs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005909103001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human Carrying Capacity as an Indicator of Regional Sustainability AN - 759318271; 13771019 JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Yount, JDavid AD - Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U. S., 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN, 55804, USA, yount.david@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 507 EP - 509 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Regional planning KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 07:General KW - M3:1010 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759318271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Human+Carrying+Capacity+as+an+Indicator+of+Regional+Sustainability&rft.au=Yount%2C+JDavid&rft.aulast=Yount&rft.aufirst=JDavid&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1006042920207 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Regional planning DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006042920207 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Regional Analysis of Lake Acidification Trends for the Northeastern U.S., 1982-1994 AN - 759318241; 13771011 AB - Acidic deposition is a regional phenomenon, but its effects have traditionally been studied using site-specific, intensive monitoring. We present trends information for 36 lakes of high-to-moderate acid sensitivity (defined as acid neutralizing capacity [ANC] < 100 mu eq L super(-1)), and 15 deposition monitoring stations, in the northeastern U.S. for the period 1982-1994. Trends at each site were assessed through use of the Seasonal Kendall tau test; the resulting statistics were combined, through a technique analogous to analysis of variance, to produce quasi-regional estimates of change for key chemical variables. Rates of sulfate deposition declined significantly across all of the northeastern region during this time period, while rates of nitrate and ammonium deposition were unchanged. All lakes exhibited strong decreases in sulfate concentrations ( Delta SO sub(4) super(-2) =-1.7 mu eq L super(-1)yr super(-1), p<.001 ) in response to declining sulfate deposition, but there was a strong contrast in the response of acid/base status between lakes in New England and lakes in the Adirondacks. As a group, the New England lakes exhibited recovery (ANC = +0.8 mu eq L super(-1)yr super(-1), p<0.001), while the Adirondack lakes exhibited either no trend or further acidification (as a group, ANC =-0.5 mu eq L super(-1)yr super(-1), p<0.01). This contrast can be attributed to changes in base cation concentrations: New England lakes exhibited base cations declines that were smaller in magnitude than declines in sulfate, producing the observed recovery in ANC; Adirondack lakes showed base cation declines that were very similar to those of sulfate, and no recovery was evident. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Stoddard, John L AU - Driscoll, Charles T AU - Kahl, Jeffrey S AU - Kellogg, James H AD - Western Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 S.W. 35th Street, Corvallis, OR, 97333 Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 399 EP - 413 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Sulfates KW - Statistical analysis KW - Acid Rain KW - Lakes KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - USA, New England KW - Acidification KW - Seasonal variations KW - Acid deposition KW - Monitoring systems KW - Lake acidification KW - Ammonium compounds KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Sulfate deposition KW - Nitrates KW - Bases KW - Ammonium deposition KW - USA KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Cations KW - Acids KW - Deposition KW - Monitoring KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759318241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=A+Regional+Analysis+of+Lake+Acidification+Trends+for+the+Northeastern+U.S.%2C+1982-1994&rft.au=Stoddard%2C+John+L%3BDriscoll%2C+Charles+T%3BKahl%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BKellogg%2C+James+H&rft.aulast=Stoddard&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005988732077 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Acidification; Monitoring systems; Ammonium compounds; Ammonium deposition; Sulfate deposition; Statistical analysis; Lake acidification; Sulfates; Pollutant deposition; Lakes; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrates; Cations; Seasonal variations; Acid deposition; Acid Rain; Acids; Bases; Deposition; Monitoring; USA; USA, New England DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005988732077 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary Studies on the Population Genetics of the Central Stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum) from the Great Miami River Basin, Ohio AN - 759318233; 13771017 AB - Molecular approaches are particularly useful for measuring genetic diversity and were applied to samples of central stonerollers obtained from sites along tributaries to the Great Miami River in Ohio. We used Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to assess the level of genetic diversity within and among these populations. RAPD analysis generates genetic profiles that were used to develop indices of genetic similarity. The RAPD method provides a cost effective means of generating an arbitrary sample of anonymous loci across the genome and generate a virtually unlimited set of loci for use in genetic analysis in the absence of specific sequence information. These attributes make RAPDs well suited for use in evaluating the diversity and assessing the potential vulnerability to exposure of populations across multiple spatial scales. The results demonstrate that a significant amount of structuring exists among populations analyzed to date and that a trend exists towards genetic diversity being an inverse function of site distance from the main stem as well as a being directly related to stream order. This indicates that populations farthest from main conduits or in lower order streams, and thereby most isolated, may be the most vulnerable populations to stressor exposure. It is hoped that information pertaining to genetic diversity, when integrated with other metrics of resource condition, will aid in making scientifically grounded decisions on resource management that enhance the probability of population survival and preserve natural evolutionary processes. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Silbiger, R N AU - Christ, SA AU - Leonard, A C AU - Garg, M AU - Lattier, D L AU - Dawes, S AU - Dimsoski, P AU - McCormick, F AU - Wessendarp, T AU - Gordon, DA AU - Roth, A C AU - Smith, M K AU - Toth, G P AD - Molecular Ecology Research Branch, Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268 Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 481 EP - 495 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Campostoma anomalum KW - Survival KW - Genetic diversity KW - Freshwater KW - Streams KW - spatial distribution KW - Population genetics KW - Assessments KW - Exposure KW - Conduits KW - Vulnerability KW - Tributaries KW - Environmental monitoring KW - USA, Ohio, Great Miami R. KW - Stream Order KW - genetic diversity KW - River basins KW - Biopolymorphism KW - population genetics KW - Stream KW - DNA KW - vulnerability KW - USA, Ohio KW - Monitoring KW - survival KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08443:Population genetics KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 556.52:River Systems (556.52) KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759318233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Preliminary+Studies+on+the+Population+Genetics+of+the+Central+Stoneroller+%28Campostoma+anomalum%29+from+the+Great+Miami+River+Basin%2C+Ohio&rft.au=Silbiger%2C+R+N%3BChrist%2C+SA%3BLeonard%2C+A+C%3BGarg%2C+M%3BLattier%2C+D+L%3BDawes%2C+S%3BDimsoski%2C+P%3BMcCormick%2C+F%3BWessendarp%2C+T%3BGordon%2C+DA%3BRoth%2C+A+C%3BSmith%2C+M+K%3BToth%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Silbiger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005923217481 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Population genetics; Resource management; Stream; Genetic diversity; River basins; Vulnerability; Biopolymorphism; Tributaries; population genetics; spatial distribution; DNA; vulnerability; genetic diversity; survival; Streams; Assessments; Conduits; Exposure; Survival; Stream Order; Monitoring; Campostoma anomalum; USA, Ohio, Great Miami R.; USA, Ohio; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005923217481 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site Access and Sample Frame Issues for R-EMAP Central Valley, California, Stream Assessment AN - 759318225; 13771008 AB - The Central Valley of California contains critical habitat for many aquatic and terrestrial biological resources. The purpose of this R-EMAP project was to assess the effects from a highly modified agriculturally dominated landuse area on the aquatic resources of the lower portion of the Central Valley watersheds. The study area is 24,346 mi2 and comprises the Sacramento Valley and San Joaquin Valley watersheds to the 1,000 ft. elevation contour. Populations of interest are man-made conveyances and wadeable natural streams. There are 40,756 miles of streams and constructed conveyances within the Central Valley as designated by RF3 database. Sample sites were selected to represent 14,399 miles of streams and sloughs, and 16,697 miles of constructed conveyances. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Hall, Robert K AU - Husby, Peter AU - Wolinsky, Gary AU - Hansen, Olof AU - Mares, Michiko AD - Region 9, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 75 Hawthorne St., San Francisco, CA, 94105 Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 357 EP - 367 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - valleys KW - USA, California, San Joaquin Valley KW - Habitat KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Land use KW - Stream KW - USA, California, Sacramento Valley KW - USA, California, Central Valley KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) KW - Q1 08103:Information services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759318225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Site+Access+and+Sample+Frame+Issues+for+R-EMAP+Central+Valley%2C+California%2C+Stream+Assessment&rft.au=Hall%2C+Robert+K%3BHusby%2C+Peter%3BWolinsky%2C+Gary%3BHansen%2C+Olof%3BMares%2C+Michiko&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005920227534 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Stream; Watersheds; valleys; Habitat; Streams; Land use; USA, California, San Joaquin Valley; USA, California, Sacramento Valley; USA, California, Central Valley DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005920227534 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preface AN - 759318111; 13770980 JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Veith, Gilman AD - Associate Laboratory Dirctor for Ecology; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 1 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759318111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.au=Veith%2C+Gilman&rft.aulast=Veith&rft.aufirst=Gilman&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005724312645 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005724312645 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A dosimetric analysis of behavioral effects of acute toluene exposure in rats and humans. AN - 73871953; 9710960 AB - The literature on behavioral effects of exposure to toluene is difficult to assess due, in part, to a wide variety of exposure conditions employed and outcomes measured. This study investigated whether previous experiments would be more consistent with each other if toluene exposure parameters were expressed not as concentration and duration, but as estimated amount of toluene in tissues. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to estimate concentration of toluene in arterial blood (CaTOL) from published studies in rats and humans exposed acutely to toluene vapor. Data for rats were selected from studies of avoidance behavior using both rate of responding and measures of successful responding. Data for humans were from studies of choice reaction time (CRT). Behavioral measures were converted to proportion of baseline to place them on a common scale across experiments. A meta-analysis was done to fit dose-effect curves using CaTOL and the rescaled effects. Results demonstrated that effects were an orderly function of CaTOL and were not influenced by concentration or duration of exposure, except as exposure influenced CaTOL. In rats, response rates first increased, reached a peak, and then declined as CaTOL increased. Successful avoidance in rats and CRT in humans always declined as CaTOL increased. In rats, response rates were increased by 10% at CaTOL approximately 13 ml/L. In humans, reaction times increased by 10% at CaTOL approximately 3 ml/L. Cross-species comparisons were made with the following caveats: PBPK uncertainties, few human data, and poor task comparability. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Benignus, V A AU - Boyes, W K AU - Bushnell, P J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Human Studies Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 186 EP - 195 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Avoidance Learning -- drug effects KW - Meta-Analysis as Topic KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Behavior -- drug effects KW - Toluene -- administration & dosage KW - Toluene -- blood KW - Toluene -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73871953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+dosimetric+analysis+of+behavioral+effects+of+acute+toluene+exposure+in+rats+and+humans.&rft.au=Benignus%2C+V+A%3BBoyes%2C+W+K%3BBushnell%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Benignus&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary responses to oil fly ash particles in the rat differ by virtue of their specific soluble metals. AN - 73845433; 9710962 AB - Occupational exposure to residual oil fly ash (ROFA) particulate has been associated with adverse respiratory health effects in humans. We hypothesized that ROFA collected at different sites within an oil burning power plant, by virtue of its differing metal and sulfate composition, will induce differential lung injury. Ten ROFA samples collected at various sites within a power plant were analyzed for water- and 1.0 M HCl-leachable arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), and sulfur by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. All ROFA samples contained variable amounts of leachable (water-extractable) and 1.0 M HCl-extractable Fe, V, and/or Ni. All other metals, except Zn (ROFA No. 1 contained 3.43 and No. 3, 6.35 micrograms/mg Zn), were present in negligible quantities (< 1.0 microgram/mg) in the water extract. In vivo pulmonary injury from exposure to whole saline suspensions of these ROFA was evaluated. Male, SD rats (60 days old) were intratracheally instilled with either saline or saline suspension of whole ROFA (< 3.0 mass median aerodynamic diameter) at three concentrations (0.833, 3.33, or 8.33 mg/kg). After 24 h, lungs were lavaged and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for cellular influx and protein content as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and total hemoglobin as indicators of lung injury. ROFA-induced increases in BALF protein and LDH, but not neutrophilic inflammation, were associated with its water-leachable total metal, Ni, Fe, and sulfate content. However, the neutrophilic response following ROFA exposure was positively correlated with its water-leachable V content. Modest lung injury was observed with the ROFA samples which contained the smallest amounts of water-leachable metals. The ability of ROFA to induce oxidative burst in alveolar macrophage (AM) was determined in vitro using a chemiluminescence (CL) assay. AM CL signals in vitro were greatest with ROFA containing primarily soluble V and were less with ROFA containing Ni plus V. In summary, ROFA-induced in vivo acute pulmonary inflammation appears to be associated with its water-leachable V content; however, protein leakage appears to be associated with its water-leachable Ni content. ROFA-induced in vitro activation of AM was highest with ROFA containing leachable V but not with Ni plus V, suggesting that the potency and the mechanism of pulmonary injury will differ between emissions containing V and Ni. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Kodavanti, U P AU - Hauser, R AU - Christiani, D C AU - Meng, Z H AU - McGee, J AU - Ledbetter, A AU - Richards, J AU - Costa, D L AD - Pulmonary Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 204 EP - 212 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Coal Ash KW - 0 KW - Particulate Matter KW - Petroleum KW - Luminol KW - 5EXP385Q4F KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid KW - Capillary Permeability -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Lung -- blood supply KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Carbon -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73845433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+responses+to+oil+fly+ash+particles+in+the+rat+differ+by+virtue+of+their+specific+soluble+metals.&rft.au=Kodavanti%2C+U+P%3BHauser%2C+R%3BChristiani%2C+D+C%3BMeng%2C+Z+H%3BMcGee%2C+J%3BLedbetter%2C+A%3BRichards%2C+J%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Kodavanti&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of risk from multimedia exposures of children to environmental chemicals. AN - 69165447; 9949737 JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) AU - Mukerjee, D AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 483 EP - 501 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Risk Assessment KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69165447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+risk+from+multimedia+exposures+of+children+to+environmental+chemicals.&rft.au=Mukerjee%2C+D&rft.aulast=Mukerjee&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-08 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural abundance of nitrogen-15 in a forest soil AN - 52569915; 1998-056344 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Koba, Keisuke AU - Tokuchi, Naoko AU - Yoshioka, Takahito AU - Hobbie, Eric Alan AU - Iwatsubo, Goro Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 778 EP - 781 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Spermatophyta KW - Far East KW - isotopes KW - ecosystems KW - stable isotopes KW - Shiga Japan KW - nitrogen KW - Cryptomeria KW - Asia KW - geochemistry KW - soils KW - forests KW - Plantae KW - Coniferae KW - N-15/N-14 KW - isotope ratios KW - Gymnospermae KW - N-15 KW - Mount Ryuou KW - inorganic materials KW - geochemical cycle KW - nitrification KW - Honshu KW - Japan KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52569915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Natural+abundance+of+nitrogen-15+in+a+forest+soil&rft.au=Koba%2C+Keisuke%3BTokuchi%2C+Naoko%3BYoshioka%2C+Takahito%3BHobbie%2C+Eric+Alan%3BIwatsubo%2C+Goro&rft.aulast=Koba&rft.aufirst=Keisuke&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=778&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://soil.scijournals.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; Coniferae; Cryptomeria; ecosystems; Far East; forests; geochemical cycle; geochemistry; Gymnospermae; Honshu; inorganic materials; isotope ratios; isotopes; Japan; Mount Ryuou; N-15; N-15/N-14; nitrification; nitrogen; Plantae; Shiga Japan; soils; Spermatophyta; stable isotopes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal (hydr)oxide surface-catalyzed hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorpyrifos-methyl Oxon, and paraoxon AN - 52566138; 1998-056331 JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Smolen, Jean M AU - Stone, Alan T Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 636 EP - 642 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - chlorpyrifos-paraoxon KW - goethite KW - anatase KW - thionate esters KW - mechanism KW - hydrolysis KW - chlorpyrifos-methyl oxon KW - zinphos KW - catalysis KW - chemical reactions KW - aluminum oxides KW - oxides KW - geochemistry KW - synthetic materials KW - pH KW - surface properties KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - solutes KW - adsorption KW - oxonate esters KW - hydroxides KW - phosphorothionate esters KW - phosphate esters KW - transformations KW - pesticides KW - chlorpyrifos KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52566138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Metal+%28hydr%29oxide+surface-catalyzed+hydrolysis+of+chlorpyrifos-methyl%2C+chlorpyrifos-methyl+Oxon%2C+and+paraoxon&rft.au=Smolen%2C+Jean+M%3BStone%2C+Alan+T&rft.aulast=Smolen&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://www.soils.org/publications/sssaj LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; aluminum oxides; anatase; catalysis; chemical reactions; chlorpyrifos; chlorpyrifos-methyl oxon; chlorpyrifos-paraoxon; geochemistry; goethite; hydrolysis; hydroxides; mechanism; oxides; oxonate esters; pesticides; pH; phosphate esters; phosphorothionate esters; physicochemical properties; pollutants; solutes; surface properties; synthetic materials; thionate esters; transformations; zinphos ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactivity of basal surfaces, steps and edges of muscovite; an AFM study AN - 52551747; 1998-070182 AB - The reactivity of basal surfaces, steps and edges of muscovite was studied by imaging surface precipitates of PbCl (sub 2) using atomic force microscopy (AFM). We reacted PbCl (sub 2) solution with freshly cleaved muscovite surfaces and found that PbCl (sub 2) precipitates were formed on the basal surfaces, steps and edges. It was observed that PbCl (sub 2) precipitated preferentially along the steps compared to the basal surfaces and that PbCl (sub 2) precipitates at multiple-layer edges were needle-shaped and oriented in different directions. One of the muscovite samples we cleaved had muscovite fragments sitting on the freshly cleaved surfaces. These fragments resulted from previously formed cracks. Thus, we were able to compare the reactivity of the weathered surfaces with that of freshly cleaved surfaces. It was found that PbCl (sub 2) was not precipitated along the edges of previously cracked muscovite fragments. These results clearly demonstrated that the edges of freshly cleaved muscovite are the most reactive surface sites, whereas the edges of weathered muscovite are not as reactive. We believe that the surface reactivity of the edges of freshly cleaved muscovite is likely due to terminal Al-OH (super 1/2+) (sub 2) or Al-OH (super 1/2-) groups on these crystalline surfaces, which favor adsorption of Pb (super 2+) ions and the subsequent nucleation and precipitation reactions. We also investigated the effect of drying rate on the morphology of the surface precipitates. Fast drying resulted in a nearly complete covered surface with a leaflike morphology, whereas slow drying resulted in more isolated surface clusters. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Zhang, Z Z AU - Bailey, G W Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 290 EP - 300 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - silicates KW - experimental studies KW - atomic force microscopy data KW - chemical reactions KW - mica group KW - muscovite KW - clay mineralogy KW - chemical properties KW - sheet silicates KW - geochemistry KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52551747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=Reactivity+of+basal+surfaces%2C+steps+and+edges+of+muscovite%3B+an+AFM+study&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Z+Z%3BBailey%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atomic force microscopy data; chemical properties; chemical reactions; clay mineralogy; experimental studies; geochemistry; mica group; muscovite; sheet silicates; silicates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical gradients in sediment cores from an EPA reference site off the Farallon Islands; assessing chemical indicators of dredged material disposal in the deep sea AN - 52547933; 1998-072812 JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Bothner, M H AU - Gill, P W AU - Boothman, W S AU - Taylor, B B AU - Karl, H A Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 443 EP - 457 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Clostridium KW - continental slope KW - Northeast Pacific KW - PCBs KW - lead KW - deep-sea environment KW - cores KW - California KW - Farallon Islands KW - marine sediments KW - San Francisco Bay KW - sedimentation rates KW - standard materials KW - sediments KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - ocean floors KW - heavy metals KW - mercury KW - East Pacific KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - sewage KW - pollutants KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - background level KW - sedimentation KW - pollution KW - dredged materials KW - spores KW - organic compounds KW - North Pacific KW - metals KW - marine environment KW - Pacific Ocean KW - bacteria KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - marine disposal KW - waste disposal KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 07:Oceanography KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52547933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Chemical+gradients+in+sediment+cores+from+an+EPA+reference+site+off+the+Farallon+Islands%3B+assessing+chemical+indicators+of+dredged+material+disposal+in+the+deep+sea&rft.au=Bothner%2C+M+H%3BGill%2C+P+W%3BBoothman%2C+W+S%3BTaylor%2C+B+B%3BKarl%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Bothner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0025326X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 plate, 5 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MPNBAZ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; background level; bacteria; California; chlorinated hydrocarbons; Clostridium; Clostridium perfringens; concentration; continental slope; cores; deep-sea environment; dredged materials; East Pacific; Farallon Islands; halogenated hydrocarbons; heavy metals; hydrocarbons; lead; marine disposal; marine environment; marine sediments; mercury; metals; North Pacific; Northeast Pacific; ocean floors; organic compounds; Pacific Ocean; PCBs; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; San Francisco Bay; sedimentation; sedimentation rates; sediments; sewage; spores; standard materials; toxic materials; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of interfacial and partitioning tracers for characterization of effective NAPL, water contact areas AN - 52457634; 1999-049769 JF - Ground Water AU - Annable, M D AU - Jawitz, J W AU - Rao, P S C AU - Dai, D P AU - Wood, A L Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 495 EP - 502 PB - National Water Well Association, Ground-Water Technology Division, Urbana, IL VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - United States KW - scale factor KW - hazardous waste KW - pollutants KW - Davis County Utah KW - pollution KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - partitioning KW - Hill Air Force Base KW - tracers KW - Utah KW - sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52457634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+interfacial+and+partitioning+tracers+for+characterization+of+effective+NAPL%2C+water+contact+areas&rft.au=Annable%2C+M+D%3BJawitz%2C+J+W%3BRao%2C+P+S+C%3BDai%2C+D+P%3BWood%2C+A+L&rft.aulast=Annable&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-6584 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - PubXState - IL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, block diag. N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - GRWAAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Davis County Utah; field studies; hazardous waste; Hill Air Force Base; nonaqueous phase liquids; partitioning; pollutants; pollution; scale factor; sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; tracers; United States; Utah ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combined laboratory/field study on the use of nitrate for in situ bioremediation of a fuel-contaminated aquifer AN - 52276722; 2001-005968 JF - Environmental Science & Technology, ES & T AU - Hutchins, Stephen R AU - Miller, Dennis E AU - Thomas, Alison Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 1832 EP - 1840 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 32 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - United States KW - contaminant plumes KW - observation wells KW - Florida KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - laboratory studies KW - denitrification KW - nitrate ion KW - leaking underground storage tanks KW - experimental studies KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - petroleum products KW - bioremediation KW - BTEX KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - Eglin Air Force Base KW - military facilities KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52276722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.atitle=Combined+laboratory%2Ffield+study+on+the+use+of+nitrate+for+in+situ+bioremediation+of+a+fuel-contaminated+aquifer&rft.au=Hutchins%2C+Stephen+R%3BMiller%2C+Dennis+E%3BThomas%2C+Alison&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1832&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/journals/esthag/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 56 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTHAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; bioremediation; BTEX; contaminant plumes; denitrification; Eglin Air Force Base; environmental analysis; experimental studies; Florida; ground water; hydrocarbons; in situ; laboratory studies; leaking underground storage tanks; military facilities; nitrate ion; observation wells; organic compounds; petroleum products; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soil treatment; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential remediation of (super 137) Cs and (super 90) Sr contaminated soil by accumulation in Alamo switchgrass AN - 52237462; 2001-034087 JF - Water, Air and Soil Pollution AU - Entry, James A AU - Watrud, Lidia S Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 339 EP - 352 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht VL - 104 IS - 3-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Sr-90 KW - concentration KW - alkaline earth metals KW - Plantae KW - degradation KW - isotopes KW - alkali metals KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - bioaccumulation KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Panicum virginatum KW - Cs-137 KW - cesium KW - metals KW - nuclear facilities KW - phytoremediation KW - fallout KW - strontium KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52237462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Potential+remediation+of+%28super+137%29+Cs+and+%28super+90%29+Sr+contaminated+soil+by+accumulation+in+Alamo+switchgrass&rft.au=Entry%2C+James+A%3BWatrud%2C+Lidia+S&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air+and+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(hi4cjunvnzs4hnradzi0ib55)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100344,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WAPLAC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; bioaccumulation; bioremediation; cesium; concentration; Cs-137; degradation; fallout; isotopes; metals; nuclear facilities; Panicum virginatum; phytoremediation; Plantae; pollution; radioactive isotopes; remediation; soil treatment; soils; Sr-90; strontium; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SW-846 Method 7580; white phosphorus by solvent extraction and GC AN - 52038913; 2003-005713 JF - Environmental Testing & Analysis AU - Fordham, Oliver M, Jr Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 13 PB - Target Group, Burbank, CA VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1068-7432, 1068-7432 KW - soils KW - methods KW - pollutants KW - sedimentation KW - pollution KW - phosphorus KW - remediation KW - solvents KW - military geology KW - sampling KW - white phosphorus KW - applications KW - synthetic materials KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52038913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Testing+%26+Analysis&rft.atitle=SW-846+Method+7580%3B+white+phosphorus+by+solvent+extraction+and+GC&rft.au=Fordham%2C+Oliver+M%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Fordham&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Testing+%26+Analysis&rft.issn=10687432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; methods; military geology; phosphorus; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sampling; sedimentation; soils; solvents; synthetic materials; white phosphorus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field analytical technology verification; the ETV site characterization program AN - 51172608; 2003-000373 AB - Innovative field characterization and monitoring technologies are often slow to be adopted by the environmental engineering/consulting community because of concerns that their performance has not been proven by an independent testing body, and/or they have not received the EPA's blessing on a regional or national level. The purpose of the EPA Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Site Characterization Pilot, a joint effort between EPA and DOE, is to accelerate the acceptance of technologies that reduce the cost and increase the speed of environmental clean-up and monitoring. Technology verifications that have been completed or are underway include: in situ technologies for the characterization of sub-surface hydrocarbon plumes, field- portable GC/MS systems, field-portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers, soil sampling technologies, field-portable PCB analyzers, analyzers for VOC analysis at the wellhead, and decision support software systems to aid site sample collection and contaminant plume definition. The verification process follows a somewhat generic pathway. A user-community need is identified, the vendor community is canvassed, and relevant, interested companies are selected. A demonstration plan is prepared by the verification organization and circulated to participants prior to the field activities. Field trials are normally held at two geologically or environmentally different sites and typically require one week at each site. Samples (soil, soil gas, water, surface wipe etc.) provided to the vendor at the demonstration include site-specific samples and standards or performance evaluation samples. Sample splits are sent to a pre-selected laboratory for analysis using a reference method. Laboratory data are used for comparison with field technology results during the data analysis phase of the demonstration. JF - SAND (Sandia Laboratories) AU - Einfeld, W AU - Jenkins, R A AU - Dindal, A B Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 15 PB - Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM SN - 0270-6520, 0270-6520 KW - soils KW - hazardous waste KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - in situ KW - site exploration KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - techniques KW - remediation KW - waste management KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - risk assessment KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51172608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Einfeld%2C+W%3BJenkins%2C+R+A%3BDindal%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Einfeld&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Field+analytical+technology+verification%3B+the+ETV+site+characterization+program&rft.title=Field+analytical+technology+verification%3B+the+ETV+site+characterization+program&rft.issn=02706520&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from NTIS database, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number DE98005924NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - PubXState - NM N1 - SuppNotes - Presented at the 91st Annual meeting and exhibition of the Air and Waste Management Association; Contract AC05-96OR22464 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - concentration; detection; field studies; hazardous waste; in situ; monitoring; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; remediation; risk assessment; site exploration; soils; surface water; techniques; volatiles; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental neurotoxicology of endocrine disruptors and pesticides: identification of information gaps and research needs. AN - 21249901; 11704962 AB - There is increasing evidence that some environmental chemicals can interrupt neurodevelopmental processes during critical periods of development, resulting in effects on sensory, motor, and cognitive function. It is now generally accepted that developing organisms are differentially sensitive to chemical exposure because of toxicokinetic and/or toxicodynamic factors. Regulatory mechanisms have been implemented to protect humans from over- or inappropriate exposures to environmental chemicals. Current regulatory practices, however, may be insufficient because of the possibility that some environmental chemicals interfere with endocrine function at key periods of neurodevelopment. In addition, a recent National Research Council (NRC) report on pesticide contamination in the diets of infants and children concluded that current regulatory practices may not sufficiently protect infants and children from the risk of pesticide exposure. The NRC report indicates that regulatory agencies might underestimate the actual exposure of infants and children to pesticides and rely too heavily on data from adults in the risk assessment of pesticides. Consideration of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the differential susceptibility of infants and children has led to identification of a number of information gaps and research needs that should be addressed in order to improve future risk assessments for these chemicals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tilson, H A AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA., tilson.hugh@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 807 EP - 811 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 106 IS - Suppl 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Risk assessment KW - Diets KW - Data processing KW - Contamination KW - endocrine disruptors KW - Endocrine disruptors KW - Children KW - cognitive ability KW - Cognitive ability KW - Pesticides KW - Critical period KW - Infants KW - N3 11003:Developmental neuroscience KW - R2 23110:Psychological aspects KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21249901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Developmental+neurotoxicology+of+endocrine+disruptors+and+pesticides%3A+identification+of+information+gaps+and+research+needs.&rft.au=Tilson%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Tilson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Risk assessment; Data processing; Contamination; Cognitive ability; Endocrine disruptors; Pesticides; Critical period; Children; Infants; Chemicals; cognitive ability; endocrine disruptors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proceedings of the workshop entitled 'Sources, effects, and potential hazards of genotoxic complex mixtures in the Environment' . 28th annual meeting of the environmental mutagen society, april 20, 1997, minneapolis, MN AN - 1859128743; 9630639 JF - Mutation research AU - White AU - DeMarini AD - Visiting Research Scientist, Atlantic Ecology Division, US EPA, Narragansett, RI, USA. Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - June 1998 SP - 221 VL - 410 IS - 3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859128743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Proceedings+of+the+workshop+entitled+%27Sources%2C+effects%2C+and+potential+hazards+of+genotoxic+complex+mixtures+in+the+Environment%27+.+28th+annual+meeting+of+the+environmental+mutagen+society%2C+april+20%2C+1997%2C+minneapolis%2C+MN&rft.au=White%3BDeMarini&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=410&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=1873-135X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 1998-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban wet-weather flows AN - 17231540; 4513974 AB - The subject of urban wet-weather flows (WWFs) comprises three basic subareas: combined-sewer overflows (CSOs), sanitary-sewer overflows (SSOs), and stormwater discharges. Based on the past 30 years of research on urban WWF water quality-, impact-, modeling-, control-, and treatment-demonstrated results, Field et al. (1997a) delineated a framework of future research directions for risk management of urban WWF. JF - Water Environment Research AU - Field, R AU - O'Connor, T P AU - Fan, Chi-Yuan AU - Pitt, R AU - Clark, S AU - Ludwig, J AU - Hendrix, T AD - U.S. EPA (MS-104), Wet-Weather Flow Research Program, UWMB, WSWRD, NRMRL, 2890 Woodbridge Ave., Edison, NJ 08837-3679, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 433 EP - 448 VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 1061-4303, 1061-4303 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Risk KW - Research priorities KW - Combined sewer overflows KW - Storm runoff KW - Water quality KW - Urban areas KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17231540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+Research&rft.atitle=Urban+wet-weather+flows&rft.au=Field%2C+R%3BO%27Connor%2C+T+P%3BFan%2C+Chi-Yuan%3BPitt%2C+R%3BClark%2C+S%3BLudwig%2C+J%3BHendrix%2C+T&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+Research&rft.issn=10614303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Literature Review June 1998. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk; Research priorities; Combined sewer overflows; Storm runoff; Water quality; Urban areas ER - TY - CONF T1 - An interactive, spatial inventory of environmental data in the mid-Atlantic region AN - 17214469; 4502069 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is working with federal, state, local, and non-governmental partners to produce an interactive, spatial inventory of environmental data in the mid-Atlantic region. The inventory will include maps of sampling locations, lists of measurements, and design information for hundreds of research sites and monitoring programs. It will also feature user-defined queries, resulting in customized maps that satisfy search criteria. (For example, "Display the probability-based surveys that measure dry deposition and nutrient availability in soils"). The inventory will be used in an interagency pilot study, instigated by the National Science and Technology Council's Committee on the Environment and Natural Resources, to integrate environmental monitoring and research activities. The inventory will also provide information for a regional ecological assessment led by EPA Region 3 and the Office of Research and Development. In addition, an interagency consortium will use the inventory to identify suitable field data for assessing the accuracy of satellite imagery. In each of these three applications, the inventory will be tested and evaluated as a potential prototype for completing additional regions of the U.S. Maintained as an Oracle database, the inventory is accessible on the internet at http://www.epa.gov/monitor/. Currently, ten inventory records are on-line for demonstration. The complete federal inventory of approximately 180 records will be accessible on-line by October, 1997; approximately 200 state, local and non-governmental records are scheduled for on-line access by April, 1998. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Jackson, LE AU - Gant, M P Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 325 EP - 329 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 51 IS - 1-2 KW - USA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Data collection KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - EPA KW - Mapping KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17214469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=An+interactive%2C+spatial+inventory+of+environmental+data+in+the+mid-Atlantic+region&rft.au=Jackson%2C+LE%3BGant%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of biological indicators in a state water quality management process AN - 17214424; 4502050 AB - State water quality agencies are custodians of water quality management programs under the Clean Water Act of which the protection and restoration of biological integrity in surface waters is an integral goal. However, an inappropriate reliance on chemical/physical stressor and exposure data or administrative indicators in place of the direct measurement of ecological response has led to an incomplete foundation for water resource management. As point sources have declined in significance, the consequences of this flawed foundation for dealing with the major limitations to biological integrity (nonpoint sources, habitat degradation) have become more apparent. The use of biocriteria in Ohio, for example, resulted in the identification of 50% more impairment than a water chemistry approach alone and other inconsistencies of a flawed monitoring foundation are illustrated in the national 305(b) report statistics on waters monitored, aquatic life use attainment, and habitat degradation. Biological criteria (biocriteria) incorporates the broader concept of water resource integrity to supplement the roles of chemical and toxicological approaches and reduces the likelihood of making overly optimistic estimates of aquatic life condition. A carefully conceived ambient monitoring approach comprised of biological, chemical, and physical measures ensures all relevant stressors to water resource integrity are identified and that the efficacy of administrative actions can be directly measured with environmental results. New multimetric indices, such as the IBI, ICI, and BIBI represent a significant advancement in aquatic resource characterization that have allowed the inclusion of biological information into many States water quality management programs. Ohio adopted numerical biocriteria in the Ohio water quality standards regulations in May 1990 and, through multiple aquatic life uses that reflect a continuum of biological condition, represents a tiered approach to water resource management. Biocriteria provide the impetus and opportunity to recognize and account for natural, ecological variability in the environment, something which previously was been lacking in state water quality management programs. The upper Great Miami River in Ohio illustrates a case study where bioassessment data documented the efficacy of efforts to permit, fund, and construct municipal treatment systems in restoring aquatic life. In contrast, in the Mahoning River similar administrative actions were inadequate to restore aquatic life in an environment with severe sediment contamination and impacts from combined sewer overflows. A biocriteria-based goal of restoring 75% of aquatic life uses by the year 2000 in Ohio has led to the use of biological data to identify trends and forecast the status and the causes and sources of impairment to Ohio streams, an effort that should affect the strategic focus of our water resource management efforts. A biocriteria-based approach has profoundly influenced strategic planning and priority setting, water quality based permitting, water quality standards, basic monitoring and reporting, nonpoint source assessment, and problem discovery within Ohio EPA. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Yoder, C O AU - Rankin, E T AD - Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water, 1685 Westbelt Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43228, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 61 EP - 88 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - USA, Ohio KW - USA, Ohio, Great Miami R. KW - combined sewer overflows KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Resource management KW - Aquatic life KW - Water resources KW - State jurisdiction KW - Freshwater KW - Water quality KW - Clean water act KW - State programs KW - Permits KW - Pollution indicators KW - Bioindicators KW - Stress KW - Biological properties KW - Water quality control KW - Water management KW - Monitoring KW - Surface water KW - Streams KW - Case studies KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Water resources management KW - Water quality standards KW - Water quality management KW - USA KW - Clean Water Act KW - Indicator species KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17214424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=The+role+of+biological+indicators+in+a+state+water+quality+management+process&rft.au=Yoder%2C+C+O%3BRankin%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Yoder&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioindicators; Aquatic organisms; Resource management; Surface water; Water resources; State jurisdiction; Biological properties; Water quality; Streams; Water quality control; Stormwater runoff; Water management; Permits; Monitoring; Pollution indicators; Indicator species; Stress; Water quality standards; Case studies; State programs; Clean Water Act; Water resources management; Aquatic life; Water quality management; Clean water act; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Monitoring changes in stressed ecosystems using spatial patterns of ant communities AN - 17213691; 4502060 AB - We examined the feasibility of using changes in spatial patterns of ants-distribution on experimental plots as an indicator of response to environmental stress. We produced contour maps based on relative abundances of the three most common genera of ants based on pit-fall trap captures. Relative abundance of Conomyrma spp. decreased, relative abundance of Solenopsis spp. increased, and relative abundance of Pogonomyrmex spp. remained relatively unchanged. The contour maps showed long-term changes in foraging activity and/or distribution of colonies of ants in response to grazing by domestic livestock. This study demonstrated that analysis of spatial patterns of ant activity derived from relative abundances of ants in pit-fall traps provided interpretable data for developing an indicator of exposure to ecosystem stress. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Nash AU - Whitford, W G AU - Van Zee, J AU - Havstad, K Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 201 EP - 210 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 51 IS - 1-2 KW - Ants KW - Conomyrma KW - Formicidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Pogonomyrmex KW - Solenopsis KW - monitoring KW - Pollution Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Stress KW - Methodology KW - Spatial distribution KW - Colonies KW - Environmental stress KW - Foraging behavior KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17213691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Monitoring+changes+in+stressed+ecosystems+using+spatial+patterns+of+ant+communities&rft.au=Nash%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BVan+Zee%2C+J%3BHavstad%2C+K&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Common patterns of ecosystem breakdown under stress AN - 17213630; 4502058 AB - Ecosystems, despite their diversity, respond to stress in similar ways. The major pressures which cause the transformation of systems from healthy states to pathological states are classified into four groups: physical restructuring, overharvesting, waste residuals, and the introduction of non-native species. Signs of Ecosystem Distress Syndrome (EDS) are briefly examined in three contrasting ecosystems: desert grasslands, the Great Lakes, and the Baltic Sea. The issue is raised as to the difficulty in discerning between healthy ecosystems, recovering from a natural disturbance, and those ecosystems that have lost their original resilience due to anthropogenic stress. Knowledge of site history and a rigourous monitoring program are important in the evaluation of EDS. An assessment of how ecosystem services are affected is indicative of the consequences to the human component of ecosystems. Management strategies which are employed to mitigate the signs of EDS are usually initiated after resilience is lost or the ecosystem has transformed to an alternate, stress-induced, stable state. It is proposed that preventive strategies measure signs of EDS that serve as early warning signals, combined with "fitness tests" that measure ecosystem response to natural perturbations. The fitness test for ecosystems is based on the premise that unstressed systems are more resilient to natural disturbances than stressed systems. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Rapport, D J AU - Whitford, W G AU - Hilden, M Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 171 EP - 178 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 51 IS - 1-2 KW - Baltic Sea KW - Ecosystem Distress Syndrome KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Grasslands KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17213630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Common+patterns+of+ecosystem+breakdown+under+stress&rft.au=Rapport%2C+D+J%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BHilden%2C+M&rft.aulast=Rapport&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking monitoring and effects research: EMAP's intensive site network program AN - 17211761; 4502073 AB - The EMAP program has been organized into three primary elements: Multi-Tier Design, Indicators, and Index Sites. The Index Sites program (DISPro - Demonstration Intensive Site Project) is the primary activity within the Index Sites element of EMAP. This project represents an inter-agency effort between EPA/ORD and DOI/NPS to develop a demonstration of an intensive site network of monitoring and research locations throughout the United States, utilizing the Nation's parklands as "outdoor laboratories." Twelve parks were selected to establish this demonstration. These 12 parks were selected because they are readily accessible, have a history of monitoring environmental information, and represent a broad spectrum of ecological communities. EMAP, through DISPro, is examining whether a "network" of sites existing within the parks can be used to address monitoring issues for global-scale environmental stressors (e.g., air pollution) as well as locale-specific stressors (e.g., air deposition, water-borne) and coordinated with cause-effect, issue-based research related to these environmental stressors. As a first activity, EPA will provide each of the sites with the instrumentation to monitor UV-B. The intent of the program is to initiate a consistent air monitoring program at each site to be followed by consistent monitoring within other media. The project will initiate research projects at all the sites (eventually) to examine the effects of environmental stressors of importance at each of the sites. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Summers, J K AU - Tonnessen, KE AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-5299, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 369 EP - 380 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - USA KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Interagency cooperation KW - Testing procedures KW - Networks KW - National parks KW - Environmental quality KW - Monitoring KW - Administrative agencies KW - Land use KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17211761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Linking+monitoring+and+effects+research%3A+EMAP%27s+intensive+site+network+program&rft.au=Summers%2C+J+K%3BTonnessen%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Interagency cooperation; Testing procedures; National parks; Networks; Environmental quality; Administrative agencies; Monitoring; Land use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging legal and ethical issues in advanced remote sensing technology AN - 16560172; 4400425 AB - Fundamental changes are taking place in the world of remote sensing with respect to three primary developments. First, a new generation of space-borne sensors will be able to deliver high spatial and spectral resolution imagery on a global basis. Technical advances are making previous restrictions on data scale, resolution, location, and availability largely irrelevant. Second, economic restructuring of the remote sensing community will transform the control and distribution of imagery and imagery-derived information generally away from government and into the private sector. Third, the development of a digital, global information infrastructure, such as the Internet, will allow for rapid global distribution of information to a worldwide user community. The combined effects of these developments could have significant legal and ethical consequences for all remote sensing professionals. This paper reviews the legal background of remote sensing and current developments in satellite surveillance and information technology, and outlines a number of legal and ethical issues that could be of future concern to the remote sensing community. Self regulation of the profession is central to maintaining the appropriate balance between the rights of the individual and the economic interests of the remote sensing community and the nation as a whole. JF - Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing AU - Slonecker, E T AU - Shaw, D M AU - Lillesand, T M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192, USA, slonecker.t@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 589 EP - 595 VL - 64 IS - 6 SN - 0099-1112, 0099-1112 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Sensors KW - Remote sensing KW - Spacecraft KW - Ethics KW - Satellites KW - Legal aspects KW - Photography KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - R2 23020:Technological risks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.atitle=Emerging+legal+and+ethical+issues+in+advanced+remote+sensing+technology&rft.au=Slonecker%2C+E+T%3BShaw%2C+D+M%3BLillesand%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Slonecker&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photogrammetric+Engineering+and+Remote+Sensing&rft.issn=00991112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photography; Legal aspects; Spacecraft; Remote sensing; Sensors; Satellites; Ethics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discrete-level ground-water monitoring system for containment and remedial performance assessment objectives AN - 16558350; 4383126 AB - A passive discrete-level multilayer ground-water sampler was evaluated to determine its capability to obtain representative discrete-interval samples within the screen intervals of traditional monitoring wells without purging. Results indicate that the device is able to provide such data for the inorganic contaminants and species analyzed in the study and provided more accurate estimations of contaminant distributions and mass in the vertical direction within a sandy Atlantic coastal plain aquifer, than "traditional" sampling methods. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Puls, R W AU - Paul, C J AD - Nat. Risk Mgmt. Res. Lab., U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA, pulsd3100.ada.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 549 EP - 553 VL - 124 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquifers KW - Vertical distribution KW - Performance evaluation KW - Water sampling KW - Contamination KW - Estimating KW - Sand KW - Wells KW - Remediation KW - Coastal plains KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Monitoring KW - Groundwater KW - Containment KW - Monitoring systems KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16558350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Discrete-level+ground-water+monitoring+system+for+containment+and+remedial+performance+assessment+objectives&rft.au=Puls%2C+R+W%3BPaul%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Puls&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquifers; Contamination; Water sampling; Sand; Wells; Remediation; Groundwater pollution; Containment; Groundwater; Monitoring systems; Vertical distribution; Performance evaluation; Estimating; Coastal plains; Monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of containment systems using hydraulic head data AN - 16557222; 4383130 AB - Subsurface vertical barriers have been used as components of containment systems to prevent or reduce the impact of contaminant sources on ground-water resources. A better understanding of the hydraulic head distribution associated with vertical barriers can enhance the ability of existing performance monitoring systems to detect breaches in physical containment systems and may aid in the design of new performance monitoring systems. Given the current regulatory interest in containment systems as either supplemental or stand-alone remedial alternatives and the lack of adequate performance monitoring strategies at most existing hazardous waste sites utilizing vertical barrier technologies, there is an immediate need for general guidelines for determining whether a containment system is functioning as intended. This technical note describes an approach for evaluating the performance of containment systems, based on relative spatial and temporal hydraulic head distributions. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Ross, R R AU - Beljin AD - U.S. EPA Nat. Risk Mgmt. Res. Lab., Subsurface Protection and Remediation Div., P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 575 EP - 578 VL - 124 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - containment KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Hydraulics KW - Barriers KW - Performance evaluation KW - Spatial distribution KW - Water sampling KW - Disposal sites KW - Containment KW - Monitoring systems KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Temporal distribution KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Hazardous materials KW - Remediation KW - Standards KW - Monitoring KW - Groundwater KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16557222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+containment+systems+using+hydraulic+head+data&rft.au=Ross%2C+R+R%3BBeljin&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Disposal sites; Hydraulics; Water sampling; Spatial distribution; Hazardous materials; Temporal distribution; Remediation; Standards; Containment; Groundwater; Monitoring systems; Barriers; Performance evaluation; Hydraulic properties; Monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The U.S. EPA Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children: A research agenda AN - 16555336; 4392658 AB - On 15-16 September 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children. The conference was convened to examine rising trends in reported incidence of childhood cancer and the association of these trends with environmental exposures. This paper summarizes recommendations for future research offered by participants. These recommendations included more collaborative research integrating epidemiology, molecular biology, toxicology, and risk assessment; the development of better protocols for toxicologic testing including carcinogenicity using young animals; and research focused on specific periods of development during which susceptibility to environmental agents may be enhanced. Also recommended was enhanced use and development of molecular biomarkers for identification of susceptible populations, and documentation of exposures and effects in epidemiologic and toxicologic studies. Although toxicologic testing is considered essential to determine the effects of potential carcinogens on biological organisms, participants emphasized the need to link these findings with epidemiologic and exposure assessment research. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Carroquino, MJ AU - Galson, S K AU - Licht, J AU - Amler, R W AU - Perera, F P AU - Claxton, L D AU - Landrigan, P J AD - U.S. EPA Office of Children's Health Protection (OCHP), 401 M Street SW, Mail Code 1107, Washington, DC 20460, USA, galson.steven@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 867 EP - 873 VL - 106 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental health KW - Environmental effects KW - Conferences KW - Children KW - Cancer KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+EPA+Conference+on+Preventable+Causes+of+Cancer+in+Children%3A+A+research+agenda&rft.au=Carroquino%2C+MJ%3BGalson%2C+S+K%3BLicht%2C+J%3BAmler%2C+R+W%3BPerera%2C+F+P%3BClaxton%2C+L+D%3BLandrigan%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Carroquino&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental effects; Environmental health; Children; Cancer; Conferences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban wet-weather flow management: Research directions AN - 16552641; 4366181 AB - This article highlights the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's wet-weather flow management and pollution control research needs and anticipated research directions for the next five years. It outlines the Risk Management Research Plan for Wet Weather Flows, a peer-reviewed plan developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that emphasizes the risk management aspects of urban wet-weather flow problems. The agency divided the research plan into five major areas, each discussing a specific wet weather flow question and the anticipated research approach to answering the question. Specific research projects for 1997 are cited. JF - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AU - Field, R AU - Borst, M AU - O'Connor, T P AU - Stinson, M K AU - Fan, Chi-Yuan AU - Perdek, J M AU - Sullivan, D AD - Wet-Weather Flow Res. Program, Urban Watershed Mgmt. Branch (UWMB), Nat. Risk Mgmt. Res. Lab.-Cincinnati (NRMRL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Edison, NJ 08837-3679, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 168 EP - 180 VL - 124 IS - 3 SN - 0733-9496, 0733-9496 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Urban runoff KW - Floods KW - Water management KW - Freshwater KW - Storms KW - Risks KW - Pollution control KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16552641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Urban+wet-weather+flow+management%3A+Research+directions&rft.au=Field%2C+R%3BBorst%2C+M%3BO%27Connor%2C+T+P%3BStinson%2C+M+K%3BFan%2C+Chi-Yuan%3BPerdek%2C+J+M%3BSullivan%2C+D&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.issn=07339496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urban runoff; Water management; Floods; Storms; Risks; Pollution control; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental risk assessment: Tasks and obligations AN - 16547124; 4355884 AB - Synthesizing, characterizing, and communicating the risk science information used in environmental decision-making depends in the first instance on the nature and quality of the technical analysis. At the same time, other important features of the risk analysis, features that require special attention to provide context for the analysis as a whole, are frequently overlooked in practice or in presentation. Now, as the field expands to meet new challenges and to include new participants, all practitioners - government, academics, industry, and interest groups - must give renewed emphasis to certain hallmarks of sound risk assessment: identifying incomplete information and its influence on the risk assessment process, articulating alternative assumptions and the scientific or policy reasons for choices made among alternatives, describing process considerations and limitations as well as numerical results, and fully informing decision-makers, the press, and the interested public. The resulting greater clarity and transparency in the scientific analyses that underlie environmental decision-making can enhance credibility and public confidence in the scientific foundation for those decisions. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Patton, DE AD - Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, Southwest, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 657 EP - 670 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - decision making KW - uncertainty KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Environment management KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16547124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Environmental+risk+assessment%3A+Tasks+and+obligations&rft.au=Patton%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Patton&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environment management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mesenchymal changes associated with retinoic acid induced cleft palate in CD-1 mice AN - 16543619; 4347135 AB - Retinoic acid (RA) is teratogenic in many species and is an effective inducer of cleft palate in mice. The pathogenesis of cleft formation varies with the timing of exposure. It has been demonstrated, before formation of the palatal shelves, that RA exposure results in insufficient mesenchymal tissue, and palatal shelves fail to make contact. However, at the palatal shelf outgrowth stage, RA exposure affects shelf elevation and growth in rats, and possibly medial edge epithelium (MEE) differentiation in mice. The objective of this study was to examine the morphologic and functional changes associated with cleft formation in mice following exposure during shelf outgrowth. Particular emphasis was placed on evaluating the timing of palatal shelf elevation in RA exposed embryos and on identifying differentiation events occurring concurrently in the epithelium. On gestational day (GD) 12 (8:00 AM), gravid CD-1 mice were gavaged with 70 mg/kg RA or vehicle. This protocol produced a 100% incidence of cleft palate at term, allowing us to correlate the morphological and/or biochemical changes observed at pre-fusion time points. Embryos were collected at 12 hr intervals through GD 15, beginning 4 hr after exposure. Serial sections of embryos were either stained with H&E, with a battery of lectins [Sambucus nigra (SNA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-1), Glycine max (SBA), Succinylated Wheat Germ (S-WGA)], or with a probe to hyaluronan. Throughout the period of normal palate development, the shelf mesenchyme showed increasing regional organization and progressive hydration and these changes were correlated with increase Hyaluronan (HA) deposition. RA treatment resulted in lose of regional organization and delayed mesenchyme hydration. In association with these changes there were reductions in HA deposition and extracellular matrix glycoconjugates recognized by PNA in the palate mesenchyme. Further there was a considerable delay in palatal shelf elevation and palate shelf did not make contact at the midline. Our data indicates, in embryos exposed on GD 12 to levels of RA sufficient to induce a 100% incidence of clefting, that cleft formation is a result of palatal shelves failing to make contact. Alterations in mesenchyme development and the subsequent delay in palate shelve elevation are central to RA-induced cleft formation following exposure at the palate shelf out growth stage. JF - Journal of Craniofacial Genetics and Development Biology AU - Degitz, S J AU - Francis, B M AU - Foley, G L AD - US EPA, NHEERL, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804-2595, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 88 EP - 99 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0270-4145, 0270-4145 KW - CD-1 mice KW - cleft palate KW - hyaluronan KW - mesenchyme KW - mice KW - retinoic acid KW - Genetics Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Retinoic acid KW - Lectins KW - Cleft lip/palate KW - Differentiation KW - Teratogenicity KW - Mesenchyme KW - G 07397:Rodentia (mice) KW - X 24115:Pathology KW - T 200115:Bone pharmacology and toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16543619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Craniofacial+Genetics+and+Development+Biology&rft.atitle=Mesenchymal+changes+associated+with+retinoic+acid+induced+cleft+palate+in+CD-1+mice&rft.au=Degitz%2C+S+J%3BFrancis%2C+B+M%3BFoley%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Degitz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Craniofacial+Genetics+and+Development+Biology&rft.issn=02704145&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Differentiation; Lectins; Teratogenicity; Retinoic acid; Cleft lip/palate; Mesenchyme ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of toxicity-based fractionation techniques and structure-activity relationship models for the identification of phototoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment pore water AN - 16533047; 4409753 AB - Recent studies conducted at our laboratory have shown that sediments contaminated with complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can exhibit enhanced toxicity (lethality) to a variety of aquatic species when the samples are tested under ultraviolet (UV) light designed to mimic the wavelengths present in sunlight. However, because these contaminated sediments can contain literally thousands of chemicals, it is difficult to use conventional analytical techniques to identify those compounds responsible for photo-induced toxicity. The purpose of this study was to adapt existing toxicity identification evaluation methods to attempt to identify those compounds contributing to the phototoxicity observed in our sediment samples. Pore water obtained from sediments collected near an oil refinery discharge was toxic to Lumbriculus variegatus following exposure to UV light, while organisms exposed to the same pore water, but without subsequent UV treatment, showed no toxic effect. Solid-phase extraction disks and high-performance liquid chromatography were used, in conjunction with toxicity tests with L. variegatus, to extract and fractionate phototoxic chemicals from the pore water. Phototoxic fractions analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of a number of aliphatic hydrocarbons, substituted PAHs, and PAHs containing heteroatoms. Chemicals were screened for their phototoxic potential based on empirical data and predictive models. A refined list of PAHs was then evaluated on the basis of their phototoxic potency as defined by a recently developed quantitative structure-activity relationship model and estimates of their bioaccumulation potential. Based on the model predictions of potency and bioaccumulation, nine likely phototoxic chemicals were identified. JF - ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHEM. AU - Kosian, P A AU - Makynen, E A AU - Monson, P D AU - Mount AU - Spacie, A AU - Mekenyan, O G AU - Ankley, G T AD - US Environ. Prot. Agency, Mid-Continent Ecol. Div., 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA, epakossub(u)4500.dul.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 1021 EP - 1033 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Pore water KW - Freshwater KW - Toxicity tests KW - Phototoxicity KW - Testing procedures KW - Oil pollution KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Interstitial water KW - Toxicity KW - Pollutant identification KW - Toxicity testing KW - Indicator species KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16533047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENVIRON.+TOXICOL.+CHEM.&rft.atitle=Application+of+toxicity-based+fractionation+techniques+and+structure-activity+relationship+models+for+the+identification+of+phototoxic+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+in+sediment+pore+water&rft.au=Kosian%2C+P+A%3BMakynen%2C+E+A%3BMonson%2C+P+D%3BMount%3BSpacie%2C+A%3BMekenyan%2C+O+G%3BAnkley%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Kosian&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1021&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENVIRON.+TOXICOL.+CHEM.&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pore water; Sediment pollution; Interstitial water; Oil pollution; Toxicity; Pollutant identification; Toxicity tests; Indicator species; Phototoxicity; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Toxicity testing; Testing procedures; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus AN - 16522354; 4332768 AB - Tissue residues of the PAHs, anthracene, fluorene, fluoranthene and pyrene were determined in Lumbriculus variegatus at four time intervals during both a 96-h exposure period to monitor uptake, and a 96-h clean water period to assess depuration. Mean BCFs were 2390, 1210, 452 and 1920 for fluoranthene, anthracene, fluorene and pyrene, respectively. BCFs were positively correlated with the octanol/water partition coefficient values of the four PAHs. Depuration occurred most rapidly for fluorene, followed by anthracene and fluoranthene. No apparent depuration of pyrene was observed during the 96-h depuration period. Because of rapid depuration of some PAHs, it appears that the 24 h clean water gut clearance period recommended in conjunction with sediment bioaccumulation tests with L. variegatus has potential to result in an under-estimation of bioaccumulation of some chemicals. JF - Chemosphere AU - Sheedy, B R AU - Mattson, V R AU - Cox, J S AU - Kosian, P A AU - Phipps, G L AU - Ankley, G T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 3061 EP - 3070 VL - 36 IS - 15 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Lumbriculus variegatus KW - Oligochaeta KW - anthracene KW - fluoranthene KW - fluorene KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - pyrene KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Oligochaetes KW - Anthracene KW - Tissues KW - Pollution effects KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Sediment pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Water pollution KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Freshwater organisms KW - Zoobenthos KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Bioconcentration+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+by+the+freshwater+oligochaete+Lumbriculus+variegatus&rft.au=Sheedy%2C+B+R%3BMattson%2C+V+R%3BCox%2C+J+S%3BKosian%2C+P+A%3BPhipps%2C+G+L%3BAnkley%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Sheedy&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=3061&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tissues; Sediment pollution; Bioaccumulation; Aromatic compounds; Hydrocarbons; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Pollution effects; Freshwater organisms; Zoobenthos; Water pollution; Freshwater pollution; Anthracene; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Oligochaetes; Lumbriculus variegatus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Jurisdictional Framework for Municipal Action to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: case studies from Canada, the USA and Germany AN - 16494862; 4372169 AB - This paper addresses two questions: (1) Given a commitment at the national level to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, what tools are available to national-level governments to induce complimentary actions required at subnational levels? (2) In the absence of a serious commitment at national and regional levels to reduce GHG emissions, what is the scope for, and jurisdictional rights of, cities to undertake actions? In this context, federal, regional and municipal legislation relevant for GHG emissions is examined in Canada, the USA and Germany. Regarding the first question, different national governments find themselves in considerably different positions to implement climate initiatives at subnational levels, with the German government in the strongest position and the Canadian government in the weakest. The implications of this for a nation's willingness to adopt emission reduction targets could be serious. Regarding the second question, there are few significant differences among Canadian, US and German municipalities' jurisdictional capabilities (and limitations) to reduce GHG emissions. Though limited in their legal capacity, these municipalities demonstrate that through their own, often informal, initiatives they can reinforce and compliment the more formal, regulatory actions by senior-level governments, thereby paving the way for senior-level governments to deliver meaningful domestic emission reductions. JF - Local Environment AU - Deangelo, B J AU - Harvey, LDD AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Atmospheric Programs (6205J), 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA, deangelo.ben@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 111 EP - 136 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1354-9839, 1354-9839 KW - Canada KW - Germany KW - USA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16494862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Local+Environment&rft.atitle=The+Jurisdictional+Framework+for+Municipal+Action+to+Reduce+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions%3A+case+studies+from+Canada%2C+the+USA+and+Germany&rft.au=Deangelo%2C+B+J%3BHarvey%2C+LDD&rft.aulast=Deangelo&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Local+Environment&rft.issn=13549839&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A physiologically based pharmacokinetic description of the oral uptake, tissue dosimetry, and rates of metabolism of bromodichloromethane in the male rat AN - 16494224; 4386247 AB - Bromodichloromethane (BDCM), a trihalomethane (THM) and water chlorination by-product, induces cancer in several tissues in experimental animals, including target tissue sites where increased incidences of human cancer have been linked to consumption of chlorinated water. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of vehicle of administration on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered BDCM and to further develop and validate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to describe BDCM absorption, tissue dosimetry, and rates of metabolism for both oil and 10% Emulphor vehicles. Estimates of oral absorption rate constants were determined by fitting blood and exhaled breath chamber concentration-time curves obtained following gavage of male F344 rats with 50 or 100 mg BDCM/kg in corn oil or 10% Emulphor using a previously published multicompartmental gastrointestinal tract submodel linked to a PBPK model. Independently estimated oral uptake and metabolic rate constants accurately described kidney BDCM concentrations and plasma bromide ion levels without adjustment, This observation increases our confidence in model structure and values of parameter estimates. Liver BDCM concentrations were simulated, but with less accuracy than kidney dosimetry simulations, following incorporation of BDCM loss to metabolism during sample preparation. This model describes BDCM tissue dosimetry and metabolism following oral gavage and can be utilized in estimating rates of formation of reactive metabolites in target tissues. Estimates of tissue dosimetry and levels of toxic intermediates can be incorporated into a risk assessment model for BDCM-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Lilly, P D AU - Andersen, ME AU - Ross, T M AU - Pegram, R A AD - Pharmacokinetics Branch, Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 205 EP - 217 VL - 150 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - bromodichloromethane KW - metabolism KW - pharmacokinetics KW - rats KW - trihalomethane KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16494224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=A+physiologically+based+pharmacokinetic+description+of+the+oral+uptake%2C+tissue+dosimetry%2C+and+rates+of+metabolism+of+bromodichloromethane+in+the+male+rat&rft.au=Lilly%2C+P+D%3BAndersen%2C+ME%3BRoss%2C+T+M%3BPegram%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Lilly&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validity of the Red Wolf: Response to Roy et al. AN - 16482091; 4352044 AB - The recent paper by Roy et al. (1996) is one of a series suggesting, through analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, that the red wolf is not a valid species or subspecies, but instead originated as a hybrid of C. lupus and C. latrans. Although this hypothesis has achieved limited support, it has been challenged by other genetic authorities. JF - Conservation Biology AU - Nowak, R M AU - Federoff, N E AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 7507C, 401 M Street SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 722 EP - 725 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Dogs KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16482091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Validity+of+the+Red+Wolf%3A+Response+to+Roy+et+al.&rft.au=Nowak%2C+R+M%3BFederoff%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Nowak&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=722&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of health information to hazardous air pollutants modeled in EPA's cumulative exposure project AN - 16392093; 4311849 AB - Relatively little is known about the spectrum of health effects, and the scope and level of ambient air concentrations of those pollutants regulated under the Clean Air Act as "hazardous air pollutants." The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Cumulative Exposure Project uses currently available emissions inventories, from a variety of source types, and an atmospheric dispersion model to provide estimates of ambient concentrations for 148 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in over 60,000 census tracts for the year 1990. This paper uses currently available hazard information for those pollutants and provides a database of potential regulatory threshold concentrations of concern, or "benchmark concentrations," and a methodology for prioritizing and characterizing the quality of the data. In order to demonstrate application of the database and prioritization scheme to outputs from the Cumulative Exposure Project, comparisons were made with the maximum modeled concentration of each individual hazardous air pollutant across the census tracts. Of the 197 benchmark concentrations for cancer and non-cancer (long- and short-term exposures) effects compiled for the study, approximately one half were exceeded with a predominance of exceedance of cancer benchmarks. While the number of benchmark concentrations available to fully characterize potential health effects of these pollutants was limited (approximately 80 percent of HAPs identified as cancer concerns had benchmark concentrations for cancer and 50 percent of all HAPs had non-cancer benchmark concentrations) and there was greater uncertainty in derivation of maximum modeled air concentrations than other levels, the comparison between the two was a useful approach for providing an indication of public health concern from hazardous air pollutants. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Caldwell, J C AU - Woodruff, T J AU - Morello-Frosch, R AU - Axelrad, DA AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, OAQPS, Maildrop 13, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, Caldwell.Jane@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 429 EP - 454 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - USA KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16392093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Application+of+health+information+to+hazardous+air+pollutants+modeled+in+EPA%27s+cumulative+exposure+project&rft.au=Caldwell%2C+J+C%3BWoodruff%2C+T+J%3BMorello-Frosch%2C+R%3BAxelrad%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Caldwell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity of industrial wastes and effluents AN - 16359553; 4314170 AB - In excess of several million pounds of genotoxic and/or carcinogenic industrial wastes are released into the U.S. environment each year. Chemical characterization of these waste materials can rarely provide an adequate assessment of their genotoxicity and potential hazard. Bioassays do not require prior information about chemical composition and can effectively assess the genotoxicity of complex waste materials. The most commonly used genotoxicity assay has been the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Results with this system have shown that the genotoxic potency of industrial wastes can vary over 10 orders of magnitude, from virtually nondetectable to highly potent. Industries employing similar industrial processes generally release wastes of similar potency. Extremely high potency wastes include those from furazolidone and nitrofurfural production. Pulp and paper mills, steel foundries, and organic chemical manufacturing facilities also discharge wastes of noteworthy potency. Treatment and remediation of some wastes, such as pulp and paper mill effluents, have been shown to reduce or eliminate genotoxicity. However, in other cases, treatment and remediation have been shown to enhance genotoxicity, such as for fungal treatment of oils. Analyses of samples collected from areas known to receive industrial wastes and effluents have shown that genotoxins can accumulate in the receiving environment and have adverse effects on indigenous biota. The evaluation of hazardous wastes and effluents by genotoxicity assays may provide data useful not only for hazard identification but for comparative risk assessment. JF - Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research AU - Claxton, L D AU - Houk, V S AU - Hughes, T J AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (MD-68), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/06/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 01 SP - 237 EP - 243 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 410 IS - 3 SN - 1383-5742, 1383-5742 KW - furazolidone KW - genotoxins KW - nitrofurfural KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16359553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research%2FReviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+of+industrial+wastes+and+effluents&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BHouk%2C+V+S%3BHughes%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=410&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research%2FReviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.issn=13835742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The genotoxic hazards of domestic wastes in surface waters AN - 16354313; 4314169 AB - Despite the noteworthy genotoxic potency of many industrial wastewaters, the genotoxic hazard posed to the downstream ecosystem and its associated biota will be determined by genotoxic loading. Municipal wastewaters, although ranking low in potency, can achieve loading values that are several orders of magnitude greater than those of most industries. Although these wastewaters are generally mixtures of wastes from several different sources, the volumetric proportion of the daily discharge that is of industrial origin rarely exceeds 30%. Genotoxicity calculations for the Montreal Urban Community (MUC) municipal wastewater treatment facility indicate that over 90% of the genotoxic loading (31.1 kg benzo( a )pyrene equivalents per day) is nonindustrial in origin. Moreover, a mass balance of surface water genotoxicity for St. Lawrence river at Montreal indicates that over 85% of the total contributions from the Montreal region are nonindustrial in origin. Additional calculations for the Great Lakes, and other rivers throughout the world, provide further support of a strong relationship between surface water genotoxicity and population. Despite some information about physical/chemical properties, the identity of the putative genotoxins in municipal wastewaters and surface waters remains a mystery. Likely candidates include potent genotoxins, such as N -nitroso compounds and aromatic amines, known to be present in human sanitary wastes, as well as genotoxic PAHs known to be present in many municipal wastewaters. Calculations based on literature data indicate that human sanitary wastes may be able to account for a substantial fraction (4-70%) of the nonindustrial loading from municipal wastewaters. Similar calculations suggest that pyrogenic PAHs that enter municipal wastewaters via surface runoff can only account for a small fraction (<5%) of the genotoxic loading values discussed. JF - Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research AU - White, P A AU - Rasmussen, J B AD - Visiting Research Scientist, Atlantic Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1998/06/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jun 01 SP - 223 EP - 236 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 410 IS - 3 SN - 1383-5742, 1383-5742 KW - Canada, Montreal KW - N-Nitroso compounds KW - N-nitroso compounds KW - aromatic amines KW - man KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - sanitary wastes KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16354313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research%2FReviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=The+genotoxic+hazards+of+domestic+wastes+in+surface+waters&rft.au=White%2C+P+A%3BRasmussen%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=410&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research%2FReviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.issn=13835742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - State of the estuaries in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States AN - 16124945; 4502065 AB - The U.S. EPA has prepared a State of the Region Report for Mid-Atlantic Estuaries to increase knowledge of environmental condition for improved environmental management. Sources of information included the National Estuary Programs, the Chesapeake Bay Program, the state monitoring programs in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, Federal programs such as National Status & Trends, National Shellfish Register, National Wetlands Inventory, the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program, and other primary literature sources. The state of the estuarine environment was summarized using indicators for water and sediment quality, habitat change, condition of living resources, and aesthetic quality. Each indicator was briefly discussed relative to its importance in understanding estuarine condition. Wherever possible, data from multiple programs were used to depict condition. Finally, an overall evaluation of estuarine condition in the region was determined. The usefulness of monitoring programs that collect consistent information with a well-defined sampling design cannot be overemphasized. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Paul, J F AU - Strobel, C J AU - Melzian, B D AU - Kiddon, JA AU - Latimer, J S AU - Campbell, DE AU - Cobb, D J Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 269 EP - 284 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 51 IS - 1-2 KW - USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - USA, Delaware KW - USA, Maryland KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic Region KW - USA, Virginia KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Marine Environment KW - Environmental Quality KW - Freshwater KW - Water quality KW - ANW, USA KW - Marine environment KW - Sampling KW - Pollution indicators KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - Estuaries KW - Water Quality KW - Brackish KW - Environmental quality standards KW - Environmental legislation KW - Sediments KW - Monitoring KW - Environmental conditions KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q5 01523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16124945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=State+of+the+estuaries+in+the+Mid-Atlantic+region+of+the+United+States&rft.au=Paul%2C+J+F%3BStrobel%2C+C+J%3BMelzian%2C+B+D%3BKiddon%2C+JA%3BLatimer%2C+J+S%3BCampbell%2C+DE%3BCobb%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1005999622082 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005999622082 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Cooking on Levels of PCBs in the Fillets of Winter Flounder AN - 1439230961; 18618973 AB - Abstract not Available JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Moya, J AU - Garrahan, K G AU - Poston, T M AU - Durell, G S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (8623D), 401 M Street Southwest, Washington DC 20460, USA , US Y1 - 1998/06// PY - 1998 DA - Jun 1998 SP - 845 EP - 851 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pleuronectiformes KW - Cooking KW - PCB KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X:24360 KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & ENAironmental Safety KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439230961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Cooking+on+Levels+of+PCBs+in+the+Fillets+of+Winter+Flounder&rft.au=Moya%2C+J%3BGarrahan%2C+K+G%3BPoston%2C+T+M%3BDurell%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Moya&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001289900704 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PCB; Cooking; Pleuronectiformes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900704 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary interventions of human carcinogenesis. AN - 80045902; 9685704 AB - The diet is a complex mixture that is associated with approximately 30% of human cancer in the U.S. Extensive laboratory studies indicate that the diet is composed of many mutagens/carcinogens as well as antimutagens/anticarcinogens. Overwhelming evidence from epidemiological studies indicates that a diverse diet that is high in fruits and vegetables and low in certain fats, along with moderate caloric intake and exercise, is most closely associated with reduced cancer risk. Dietary intervention studies using complex food items (fruits, vegetables, and fats) support these epidemiological observations; dietary interventions using single compounds (vitamins, antioxidants, etc.) have generally not. Estimates suggest that appropriate dietary changes could reduce the percentage of deaths due to prostate, colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancer by >/=50%. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JF - Mutation research AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. demarini.david@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/05/25/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 25 SP - 457 EP - 465 VL - 400 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Index Medicus KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Diet KW - Neoplasms -- diet therapy KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80045902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Dietary+interventions+of+human+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-05-25&rft.volume=400&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-based methods for predicting mutagenicity and carcinogenicity: are we there yet? AN - 80041727; 9685707 AB - There is a great deal of current interest in the use of commercial, automated programs for the prediction of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity based on chemical structure. However, the goal of accurate and reliable toxicity prediction for any chemical, based solely on structural information remains elusive. The toxicity prediction challenge is global in its objective, but limited in its solution, to within local domains of chemicals acting according to similar mechanisms of action in the biological system; to predict, we must be able to generalize based on chemical structure, but the biology fundamentally limits our ability to do so. Available commercial systems for mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity prediction differ in their specifics, yet most fall in two major categories: (1) automated approaches that rely on the use of statistics for extracting correlations between structure and activity; and (2) knowledge-based expert systems that rely on a set of programmed rules distilled from available knowledge and human expert judgement. These two categories of approaches differ in the ways that they represent, process, and generalize chemical-biological activity information. An application of four commercial systems (TOPKAT, CASE/MULTI-CASE, DEREK, and OncoLogic) to mutagenicity and carcinogenicity prediction for a particular class of chemicals-the haloacetic acids (HAs)-is presented to highlight these differences. Some discussion is devoted to the issue of gauging the relative performance of commercial prediction systems, as well as to the role of prospective prediction exercises in this effort. And finally, an alternative approach that stops short of delivering a prediction to a user, involving structure-searching and data base exploration, is briefly considered. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JF - Mutation research AU - Richard, A M AD - MD-68, Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. richard.ann@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/05/25/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 25 SP - 493 EP - 507 VL - 400 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Animals KW - Computer Simulation KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Expert Systems KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Risk Assessment KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80041727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Structure-based+methods+for+predicting+mutagenicity+and+carcinogenicity%3A+are+we+there+yet%3F&rft.au=Richard%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-05-25&rft.volume=400&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US EPA's IRIS pilot program: Establishing IRIS as a centralized, peer-reviewed data base with agency consensus AN - 16516794; 4403810 AB - The US EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) contains Agency consensus scientific positions and quantitative values on cancer and noncancer health effects that may result from lifetime oral or inhalation exposure to specific chemical substances in the environment. Combined with specific exposure assessment information, the summary health information in IRIS may be used as a source in evaluating potential public health risks from environmental contaminants. IRIS is available to the public via EPA's Internet server at http://www.epa.gov/iris. Originally developed for internal EPA use, IRIS usage has broadened since being made publicly available in 1988 to include the private and public sectors nationally and internationally. Up to 1995, IRIS summaries were generated from within various EPA Offices and Regions and reviewed by Agency Workgroups, one for cancer and one for noncancer endpoints, before entry onto IRIS. In response to the increasing usage and recognition of IRIS and suggestions for improvement, an IRIS Pilot program was initiated in 1995. The purpose of the Pilot was 3-fold: To improve efficiency in getting information on to IRIS; to improve documentation for the positions reported in IRIS summaries, including applying new methodologies and guidance; and to improve opportunity for public input including external peer review. A new infrastructure was put in place, consisting of a cross-Agency team of `Chemical Managers', a Pilot Program Manager, and a set of Agency `Consensus Reviewers'. Cancer and noncancer assessments were prepared in an integrated fashion for Pilot chemical substances, documented in `Toxicological Reviews' and derivative IRIS summaries. Public input was emphasized via an initial data call and rigorous external peer review. A final step was Agency-wide consensus review by senior staff scientists representing EPA's Offices and Regions. EPA's experience with the Pilot is forming the basis for designing operational aspects of the long-term IRIS program. JF - Toxicology AU - Mills, A AU - Foureman, G L AD - Environmental Scientist, IRIS Pilot Program Manager, US EPA, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1998/05/15/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 15 SP - 85 EP - 95 VL - 127 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - IRIS program KW - USA, Environmental Protection Agency KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16516794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=US+EPA%27s+IRIS+pilot+program%3A+Establishing+IRIS+as+a+centralized%2C+peer-reviewed+data+base+with+agency+consensus&rft.au=Mills%2C+A%3BFoureman%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-05-15&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal-dependent expression of ferritin and lactoferrin by respiratory epithelial cells. AN - 79918606; 9612288 AB - Increased availability of catalytically active metal has been associated with an oxidative injury. The sequestration of transition metals within intracellular ferritin confers an antioxidant function to this protein. Such storage by ferritin requires that the metal be transported across a cell membrane. We tested the hypothesis that, in response to in vitro exposures to catalytically active metal, respiratory epithelial cells increase the production of lactoferrin and ferritin to bind, transport, and store this metal with their coordination sites fully complexed. Residual oil fly ash is an emission source air pollution particle with biological effects that, both in vitro and in vivo, correspond with its metal content. Cell cultures were exposed to 0-200 micrograms/ml of oil fly ash for 2 and 24 h. Concentrations of ferritin and lactoferrin mRNA were estimated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and concentrations of ferritin and lactoferrin proteins were measured in parallel. mRNA for ferritin did not change with exposure to oil fly ash. However, ferritin protein concentrations increased. Although mRNA for transferrin receptor decreased, mRNA for lactoferrin increased after incubation with the particle. Similar to changes in mRNA, transferrin concentration decreased, whereas that of lactoferrin increased. Deferoxamine, a metal chelator, inhibited these responses, and exposure of the cells to vanadium compounds alone reproduced elevations in lactoferrin mRNA. We conclude that increases in ferritin and lactoferrin expression can be metal dependent. This response can function to diminish the oxidative stress a metal chelate presents to a living system. JF - The American journal of physiology AU - Ghio, A J AU - Carter, J D AU - Samet, J M AU - Reed, W AU - Quay, J AU - Dailey, L A AU - Richards, J H AU - Devlin, R B AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - L728 EP - L736 VL - 274 IS - 5 Pt 1 SN - 0002-9513, 0002-9513 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Transferrin KW - Vanadium KW - 00J9J9XKDE KW - Ferritins KW - 9007-73-2 KW - Lactoferrin KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Epithelial Cells -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants -- pharmacology KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Transferrin -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Vanadium -- pharmacology KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Air Pollutants -- chemistry KW - Metals -- pharmacology KW - Lactoferrin -- genetics KW - Bronchi -- cytology KW - Ferritins -- metabolism KW - Ferritins -- genetics KW - Lactoferrin -- metabolism KW - Bronchi -- metabolism KW - Bronchi -- drug effects KW - Metals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79918606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.atitle=Metal-dependent+expression+of+ferritin+and+lactoferrin+by+respiratory+epithelial+cells.&rft.au=Ghio%2C+A+J%3BCarter%2C+J+D%3BSamet%2C+J+M%3BReed%2C+W%3BQuay%2C+J%3BDailey%2C+L+A%3BRichards%2C+J+H%3BDevlin%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ghio&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=5+Pt+1&rft.spage=L728&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.issn=00029513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal storage and transport proteins increase after exposure of the rat lung to an air pollution particle. AN - 79910041; 9608645 AB - With the single exception of mercury, all metals in the atmosphere are associated with particles. The lungs are subsequently exposed to metals present in air pollution particles on a continuous basis. Because metal exposure can be associated with an oxidative stress, a mechanism that isolates the metal in a chemically less reactive form would be of benefit. We tested the hypothesis that the concentrations of both lactoferrin and ferritin in the rat lung increase after exposure to a metal-rich emission source air pollution particle. Using immunohistochemistry, we characterized changes in the concentrations of ferritin and lactoferrin after exposure of rats to an emission source air pollution particle. Lavage metal concentrations, measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, increased 4 hr after exposure to an oil fly ash. After exposure to this metal-rich emission source air pollution particle, ferritin concentrations in the lower respiratory tract increased. Comparable to the iron-storage protein, concentrations of both lactoferrin and transferrin were elevated after exposure. The greatest concentrations of ferritin, lactoferrin, and transferrin occurred at approximately 24 hr after exposure to the air pollution particle. Levels then decreased, and by 96 hr after instillation of the oil fly ash, ferritin, lactoferrin, and transferrin were not elevated relative to those animals exposed to saline. We conclude that, in response to an emission source air pollution particle with high concentrations of metals, there is an increase in ferritin, lactoferrin, and transferrin concentrations in the lungs of the host. The function of these increases in iron-binding proteins may be to control the oxidative stress associated with the exposure to metals. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Ghio, A J AU - Richards, J H AU - Dittrich, K L AU - Samet, J M AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 388 EP - 394 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Transferrin KW - 0 KW - Vanadium KW - 00J9J9XKDE KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Ferritins KW - 9007-73-2 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Lactoferrin KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Iron -- analysis KW - Vanadium -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Ferritins -- metabolism KW - Nickel -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Macrophages -- metabolism KW - Transferrin -- metabolism KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Transferrin -- analysis KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lactoferrin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79910041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Metal+storage+and+transport+proteins+increase+after+exposure+of+the+rat+lung+to+an+air+pollution+particle.&rft.au=Ghio%2C+A+J%3BRichards%2C+J+H%3BDittrich%2C+K+L%3BSamet%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Ghio&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Twelfth Aspen Cancer Conference: mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenesis. AN - 79901486; 9609095 JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Nesnow, S AU - Harris, C C AU - Trump, B F AU - Mendelsohn, M L AU - Dellarco, V AU - Gilmer, T M AU - Cavanee, W AU - Tennant, R Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 22 IS - 1 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA Repair KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cell Death KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic KW - Neoplasms -- diagnosis KW - Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79901486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Twelfth+Aspen+Cancer+Conference%3A+mechanisms+of+toxicity+and+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BHarris%2C+C+C%3BTrump%2C+B+F%3BMendelsohn%2C+M+L%3BDellarco%2C+V%3BGilmer%2C+T+M%3BCavanee%2C+W%3BTennant%2C+R&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-16 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of dissolved methane, ethane, and ethylene in ground water by a standard gas chromatographic technique. AN - 79892914; 9599433 AB - The measurement of dissolved gases such as methane, ethane, and ethylene in ground water is important in determining whether intrinsic bioremediation is occurring in a fuel- or solvent-contaminated aquifer. A simple procedure is described for the collection and subsequent analysis of ground water samples for these analytes. A helium headspace is generated above a water-filled bottle. Gases that are dissolved in the water partition between the gas and liquid phases and equilibrate rapidly. An aliquot of this headspace is analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the gases concentration in this phase. The concentration of the gas dissolved in the water can then be calculated based on its partitioning properties, as indicated by its Henry's Law constant. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Kampbell, D H AU - Vandegrift, S A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Ada, OK 74820, USA. Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 253 EP - 256 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Ethylenes KW - 0 KW - Plant Growth Regulators KW - Water Pollutants KW - ethylene KW - 91GW059KN7 KW - Ethane KW - L99N5N533T KW - Methane KW - OP0UW79H66 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ethane -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Methane -- analysis KW - Plant Growth Regulators -- analysis KW - Ethylenes -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79892914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+dissolved+methane%2C+ethane%2C+and+ethylene+in+ground+water+by+a+standard+gas+chromatographic+technique.&rft.au=Kampbell%2C+D+H%3BVandegrift%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Kampbell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood levels of total and organic mercury in residents of the upper St. Lawrence River basin, Québec: association with age, gender, and fish consumption. AN - 79891149; 9600803 AB - Increased consumption of lake fish was associated with higher blood mercury concentrations among 289 residents of Southwest Quebec living on the southern bank of the Upper St. Lawrence River System. This increase in blood mercury was reflected in the organic fraction and to a lesser extent with total blood mercury. Repeat analyses on a small subpopulation showed a correlation coefficient between time 1 and time 2 of approximately 0.7 for total mercury and for organic mercury. With one exception, blood total mercury concentrations were less than 5 ppb. Blood mercury concentrations were higher among men than women. One individual had much higher total mercury concentrations in blood (i.e., 70 ppb) which were attributed to fish consumption based on medical and dietary history. The values for these subjects are compared with other North American data on blood mercury levels. Copyright 1998 Academic Press. JF - Environmental research AU - Mahaffey, K R AU - Mergler, D AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, 26 West Martin Luther King Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 104 EP - 114 VL - 77 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Quebec -- epidemiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- administration & dosage KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- pharmacokinetics KW - Eating KW - Mercury Poisoning -- etiology KW - Mercury Poisoning -- blood KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Fishes KW - Adult KW - Food Contamination KW - Middle Aged KW - Seafood KW - Female KW - Male KW - Mercury Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- blood KW - Mercury -- blood KW - Mercury -- administration & dosage KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Mercury -- pharmacokinetics KW - Water Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79891149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Blood+levels+of+total+and+organic+mercury+in+residents+of+the+upper+St.+Lawrence+River+basin%2C+Qu%C3%A9bec%3A+association+with+age%2C+gender%2C+and+fish+consumption.&rft.au=Mahaffey%2C+K+R%3BMergler%2C+D&rft.aulast=Mahaffey&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Environ Res 1998 Nov;79(2):156 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of colloid-contaminant C (sub 18) -based isolation techniques using PCB contaminated humic substances and interstitial water AN - 52605821; 1998-035964 JF - Chemosphere (Oxford) AU - Burgess, Robert M AU - Ryba, Stephan A Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 2549 EP - 2568 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 36 IS - 11 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - PCBs KW - bioavailability KW - chemical waste KW - humic acids KW - Bristol County Massachusetts KW - Massachusetts KW - sediments KW - New Bedford Massachusetts KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - concentration KW - colloidal materials KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - harbors KW - pollution KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - humic substances KW - detection KW - marine environment KW - chromatograms KW - industrial waste KW - fulvic acids KW - pore water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52605821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere+%28Oxford%29&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+colloid-contaminant+C+%28sub+18%29+-based+isolation+techniques+using+PCB+contaminated+humic+substances+and+interstitial+water&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Robert+M%3BRyba%2C+Stephan+A&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere+%28Oxford%29&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00456535 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CMSHAF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioavailability; Bristol County Massachusetts; chemical waste; chlorinated hydrocarbons; chromatograms; colloidal materials; concentration; detection; fulvic acids; halogenated hydrocarbons; harbors; humic acids; humic substances; industrial waste; marine environment; Massachusetts; monitoring; New Bedford Massachusetts; organic acids; organic compounds; PCBs; pollutants; pollution; pore water; sediments; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of mapped estimates of long-term runoff in the Northeast United States AN - 52599030; 1998-040905 AB - We evaluated the relative accuracy of four methods of producing maps of long-term runoff for part of the Northeast United States; MAN, a manual procedure that incorporates expert opinion in contour placement; RPRIS, an automated procedure based on water balance considerations; PnET-II, a physiologically based model of carbon/water balance in forests; and MAPSS (Mapped Atmosphere-Plant Soil System), a rule/process-based vegetation distribution/water balance model. Our goal was to confirm the accuracy of the modeling and mapping procedures, and to see if any improvements to the models and methods might be suggested. In our analyses, we compared contour maps derived from the four methods both qualitatively (visual inspection) and quantitatively (raster overlay and uncertainty analysis). The manual and automated (RPRIS) methods gave the best results. Our analyses suggest that methods directly integrating gaged runoff data (i.e. MAN and RPRIS) provide the best results under current climatic conditions. For predicting runoff under altered conditions, e.g. climate change, the existing models studied here (i.e. PnET-II and MAPSS) hold significant promise. copyright 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Bishop, Gary D AU - Robbins Church, M AU - Aber, John D AU - Neilson, Ronald P AU - Ollinger, Scott V AU - Daly, Christopher Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 176 EP - 190 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 206 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - United States KW - moisture KW - water vapor KW - mapping KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - biogeography KW - vegetation KW - digital terrain models KW - simulation KW - climate change KW - spatial distribution KW - New England KW - uncertainty KW - climate KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - prediction KW - mathematical models KW - Eastern U.S. KW - water balance KW - evapotranspiration KW - Northeastern U.S. KW - runoff KW - atmospheric pressure KW - pore water KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52599030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+mapped+estimates+of+long-term+runoff+in+the+Northeast+United+States&rft.au=Bishop%2C+Gary+D%3BRobbins+Church%2C+M%3BAber%2C+John+D%3BNeilson%2C+Ronald+P%3BOllinger%2C+Scott+V%3BDaly%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric precipitation; atmospheric pressure; biogeography; climate; climate change; digital terrain models; Eastern U.S.; evapotranspiration; hydrology; mapping; mathematical models; moisture; New England; Northeastern U.S.; pore water; prediction; runoff; simulation; soils; spatial distribution; uncertainty; United States; vegetation; water balance; water vapor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil heating for enhanced remediation of chlorinated solvents; a laboratory study on resistive heating and vapor extraction in a silty, low-permeable soil contaminated with trichloroethylene AN - 52278018; 2001-005960 JF - Environmental Science & Technology, ES & T AU - Heron, G AU - van Zutphen, M AU - Christensen, T H AU - Enfield, C G Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 1474 EP - 1481 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 32 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - desorption KW - soil vapor extraction KW - unsaturated zone KW - dense nonaqueous phase liquids KW - remediation KW - laboratory studies KW - solvents KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - mass transfer KW - diffusivity KW - soils KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - volatile organic compounds KW - heating KW - trichloroethylene KW - Henry's law KW - pore water KW - permeability KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52278018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.atitle=Soil+heating+for+enhanced+remediation+of+chlorinated+solvents%3B+a+laboratory+study+on+resistive+heating+and+vapor+extraction+in+a+silty%2C+low-permeable+soil+contaminated+with+trichloroethylene&rft.au=Heron%2C+G%3Bvan+Zutphen%2C+M%3BChristensen%2C+T+H%3BEnfield%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Heron&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%2C+ES+%26+T&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/journals/esthag/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ESTHAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; concentration; dense nonaqueous phase liquids; desorption; diffusivity; experimental studies; halogenated hydrocarbons; heating; Henry's law; laboratory studies; mass transfer; nonaqueous phase liquids; organic compounds; permeability; pollutants; pollution; pore water; remediation; soil treatment; soil vapor extraction; soils; solvents; trichloroethylene; unsaturated zone; volatile organic compounds; volatiles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field and laboratory evidence for intrinsic biodegradation of vinyl chloride contamination in a Fe(III)-reducing aquifer AN - 51042062; 1998-035980 AB - Intrinsic bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes in anaerobic aquifers previously has not been considered feasible, due, in large part, to 1) the production of vinyl chloride during microbial reductive dechlorination of higher chlorinated contaminants and 2) the apparent poor biodegradability of vinyl chloride under anaerobic conditions. In this study, a combination of field geochemical analyses and laboratory radiotracer ([1,2- (super 14) C] vinyl chloride) experiments was utilized to assess the potential for intrinsic biodegradation of vinyl chloride contamination in an Fe(III)-reducing, anaerobic aquifer. Microcosm experiments conducted under Fe(III)-reducing conditions with material from the Fe(III)-reducing, chlorinated-ethene contaminated aquifer demonstrated significant oxidation of [1,2- (super 14) C] vinyl chloride to (super 14) CO (sub 2) with no detectable production of ethene or other reductive dehalogenation products. Rates of degradation derived from the microcosm experiments (0.9-1.3% d (super -1) ) were consistent with field-estimated rates (0.03-0.2% d (super -1) ) of apparent vinyl chloride degradation. Field estimates of apparent vinyl chloride biodegradation were calculated using two distinct approaches; 1) a solute dispersion model and 2) a mass balance assessment. These findings demonstrate that degradation under Fe(III) reducing conditions can be an environmentally significant mechanism for intrinsic bioremediation of vinyl chloride in anaerobic ground-water systems. Abstract Copyright (1998) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Bradley, P M AU - Chapelle, F H AU - Wilson, J T Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 111 EP - 127 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 31 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - vinyl chloride KW - United States KW - Plattsburg New York KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - iron KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - laboratory studies KW - ferric iron KW - tracers KW - intrinsic biodegradation KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - biodegradation KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - Clinton County New York KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - aquifers KW - case studies KW - organic compounds KW - New York KW - metals KW - anaerobic environment KW - military facilities KW - Plattsburg Air Force Base KW - microorganisms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51042062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Field+and+laboratory+evidence+for+intrinsic+biodegradation+of+vinyl+chloride+contamination+in+a+Fe%28III%29-reducing+aquifer&rft.au=Bradley%2C+P+M%3BChapelle%2C+F+H%3BWilson%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01697722 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anaerobic environment; aquifers; biodegradation; bioremediation; case studies; chlorinated hydrocarbons; Clinton County New York; experimental studies; ferric iron; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; intrinsic biodegradation; iron; laboratory studies; metals; microorganisms; military facilities; New York; organic compounds; Plattsburg Air Force Base; Plattsburg New York; pollutants; pollution; remediation; solutes; tracers; United States; vinyl chloride ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidation of Methyl-Substituted Naphthalenes: Pathways in a Versatile Sphingomonas paucimobilis Strain AN - 1859127175; 9572967 AB - Aromatic compounds with alkyl substituents are abundant in fossil fuels. These compounds become important environmental sources of soluble toxic products, developmental inhibitors, etc. principally through biological activities. To assess the effect of methyl substitution on the completeness of mineralization and accumulation of pathway products, an isolate from a phenanthrene enrichment culture, Sphingomonas paucimobilis 2322, was used. Washed cell suspensions containing cells grown on 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene in mineral medium were incubated with various mono-, di-, and trimethylnaphthalene isomers, and the products were identified and quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The data revealed enzymes with relaxed substrate specificity that initiate metabolism either by methyl group monoxygenation or by ring dioxygenation. Congeners with a methyl group on each ring initially hydroxylate a methyl, and this is followed by conversion to a carboxyl; when there are two methyl groups on a single ring, the first reaction is aryl dioxygenation of the unsubstituted ring. Intermediates are channeled to primary ring fission via dihydrodiols to form methyl-substituted salicylates. Further evidence that there are multiple pathways comes from the fact that both phthalate and (methyl)salicylate are formed from 2-methylnaphthalene. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Dutta AU - Selifonov AU - Gunsalus AD - National Research Council, Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561. Y1 - 1998/05/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 May 01 SP - 1884 EP - 1889 VL - 64 IS - 5 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859127175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Oxidation+of+Methyl-Substituted+Naphthalenes%3A+Pathways+in+a+Versatile+Sphingomonas+paucimobilis+Strain&rft.au=Dutta%3BSelifonov%3BGunsalus&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1884&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=1098-5336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 1998-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health implications of 1990 air toxics concentrations across the United States AN - 17260774; 4563685 AB - Occupational and toxicological studies have demonstrated adverse health effects from exposure to toxic air contaminants. Data on outdoor levels of toxic air contaminants have not been available for most communities in the United States, making it difficult to assess the potential for adverse human health effects from general population exposures. Emissions data from stationary and mobile sources are used in an atmospheric dispersion model to estimate outdoor concentrations of 148 toxic air contaminants for each of the 60,803 census tracts in the contiguous United States for 1990. Outdoor concentrations of air toxics were compared to previously defined benchmark concentrations for cancer and noncancer health effects. Benchmark concentrations are based on standard toxicological references and represent air toxic levels above which health risks may occur. The number of benchmark concentrations exceeded by modeled concentrations ranged from 8 to 32 per census tract, with a mean of 14. Estimated concentrations of benzene, formaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene were greater than cancer benchmark concentrations in over 90% of the census tracts. Approximately 10% of all census tracts had estimated concentrations of one or more carcinogenic HAPs greater than a 1-in-10,000 risk level. Twenty-two pollutants with chronic toxicity benchmark concentrations had modeled concentrations in excess of these benchmarks, and approximately 200 census tracts had a modeled concentration 100 times the benchmark for at least one of these pollutants. This comprehensive assessment of air toxics concentrations across the United States indicates hazardous air pollutants may pose a potential public health problem. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Woodruff, T J AU - Axelrad, DA AU - Caldwell, J AU - Morello-Frosch, R AU - Rosenbaum, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., S.W. (2123), Room 3202, Washington, DC 20460-0003, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 245 EP - 251 VL - 106 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - USA KW - benzene KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Formaldehyde KW - Pollution effects KW - Benzene KW - Public health KW - 1,3-Butadiene KW - Toxic materials KW - Air pollution KW - Hazardous materials KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17260774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Public+health+implications+of+1990+air+toxics+concentrations+across+the+United+States&rft.au=Woodruff%2C+T+J%3BAxelrad%2C+DA%3BCaldwell%2C+J%3BMorello-Frosch%2C+R%3BRosenbaum%2C+A&rft.aulast=Woodruff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution effects; Formaldehyde; Air pollution; Benzene; Hazardous materials; Public health; Toxic materials; 1,3-Butadiene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A trajectory-clustering-correlation methodology for examining the long-range transport of air pollutants AN - 17237748; 4517554 AB - We present a robust methodology for examining the relationship between synoptic-scale atmospheric transport patterns and pollutant concentration levels observed at a site. Our approach entails calculating a large number of back-trajectories from the observational site over a long period of time and subjecting them to cluster analysis. The short-term component (weather-related variations) of the pollutant concentration time-series data is segregated according to the back-trajectory clusters. Non-parametric statistics are then used to test for "significant" differences in the chemical composition of pollutant data associated with each cluster. Additional information about the spatial and temporal scales of pollutant transport is obtained from the time-lagged inter-site correlation analysis of ozone for a specific cluster. To illustrate the application of this methodology, we examined 5 yr long time-series data of ozone concentrations measured at Whiteface Mountain, NY, Cliffside Park, NJ, and Quabbin Summit, MA. The results provide evidence of ozone transport to these sites, revealing the spatial and temporal scales involved in the transport. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Brankov, E AU - Rao, ST AU - Porter, P S AD - Office of Science and Technology, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 50 Wolf Road, Albany, NY 12233-3259, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 1525 EP - 1534 VL - 32 IS - 9 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - USA, Massachusetts, Quabbin Summit KW - USA, New Jersey, Cliffside Park KW - USA, New York, White Face Mountain KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Ozone KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17237748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=A+trajectory-clustering-correlation+methodology+for+examining+the+long-range+transport+of+air+pollutants&rft.au=Brankov%2C+E%3BRao%2C+ST%3BPorter%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Brankov&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution dispersion; Air pollution; Pollution monitoring; Ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation options AN - 17218956; 4507640 AB - Faced with 7 million dry Mg/yr of biosolids, the 16 000 U.S. municipal wastewater treatment plants continue to search for innovative management options. Recent innovations include using biosolids to help stabilize lead in old mines, to reclaim areas ravaged by forest fires, and as a lime substitute. While they are promising, these alternatives would only make a small dent in a large problem. In U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 5, officials are exploring ways to beneficially use biosolids and remediate hazardous and nonhazardous waste sites, including brownfields (abandoned industrial land parcels), Superfund sites, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) corrective action sites, and abandoned mines. Besides creating a new outlet for large volumes of biosolids, this would give the world another low-cost remediation option. JF - Water Environment & Technology AU - Sajjad, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 5 Headquarters in Chicago, IL, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 51 EP - 53 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1044-9493, 1044-9493 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Superfund KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Solid wastes KW - Waste management KW - EPA KW - Remediation KW - Beneficial use KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Brownfields KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17218956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Remediation+options&rft.au=Sajjad%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sajjad&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.issn=10449493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; Superfund; Remediation; Wastewater treatment; Solid wastes; Hazardous wastes; Waste management; Brownfields; Beneficial use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endomycorrhizae of isoetids along a biogeochemical gradient AN - 17107461; 4408342 AB - Endomycorrhizae of aquatic plants may be important in phosphorus uptake and carbon exchange in lakes, but the environmental controls on mycorrhizal distribution are not known. We examined biogeochemical variables that were correlated with aquatic endomycorrhizae of isoetid-type macrophytes in an oligotrophic, softwater lake. Endomycorrhizal infection was greatest in the shallow stations with high sediment redox potential and lowest in the deeper stations where there was low redox potential and high sediment organic content and porewater P levels. There was a significant (r = +0.93, P < 0.05) positive correlation between percentage of hyphal infection of the roots and a root ergosterol (a specific fungal sterol) index determined per root mass. Fungal vesicle infection was also positively correlated with the root ergosterol index, although not significantly (r = +0.76, P = 0.14). Furthermore, the root ergosterol index was significantly correlated with plant rosette density (r = +0.97, P < 0.05). An increase in rosette density of isoetids increases the number of lacunae transporting oxygen to the roots, perhaps increasing fungal infection. The root ergosterol index was also significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with sediment redox status, porewater phosphate, solid phase iron-bound P, exchangeable inorganic P, and inorganic adsorbed P. There were no significant correlations between above- or belowground biomass or porewater NH sub(4) super(+) with the root ergosterol index, and porewater DOC was weakly correlated (P = 0.08) with the ergosterol index. Isoetid-type plants are common in oligotrophic softwater lakes, and knowledge of environmental variables that are associated with endomycorrhizae will facilitate in management and restoration of these types of submersed vegetation. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Wigand, C AU - Andersen, FOe AU - Christensen, K K AU - Holmer, M AU - Jensen, H S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 508 EP - 515 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Mycorrhizas KW - Biogeochemical cycle KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Rhizomes KW - Carbon cycle KW - Aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - Lakes KW - Ectomycorrhizas KW - A 01047:General KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17107461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Endomycorrhizae+of+isoetids+along+a+biogeochemical+gradient&rft.au=Wigand%2C+C%3BAndersen%2C+FOe%3BChristensen%2C+K+K%3BHolmer%2C+M%3BJensen%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Wigand&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lakes; Biogeochemistry; Biogeochemical cycle; Rhizomes; Aquatic plants; Carbon cycle; Mycorrhizas; Ectomycorrhizas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of genetic diversity and paternity in the gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus) by RAPD-PCR AN - 17094716; 4395089 AB - Genetic relatedness of gray-tailed voles (Microtus canicaudus) was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This work is the first reported use of the RAPD method for pedigree analysis of M. canicaudus and demonstrates the feasibility of RAPD for assessing paternity and genetic similarity between inbred and outbred individuals. Amplified polymorphisms and two statistical approaches were used to evaluate genetic similarities between individual voles. DNA profiles of wild-caught (outbred) voles were significantly less similar than were inbred voles, using two different primers (P less than or equal to 0.03 and P less than or equal to 0.003). In pedigree analyses using three unrelated males in a discrimination test, indication of paternity was based upon bands shared by the progeny and the male in question. Non-sire males produced bands that were not seen in the probable father or offspring and, conversely, bands were found in the progeny that were apparently inherited only from the probable sire. The RAPD procedure may have wide applications in identifying genetic relationships among individuals to estimate genetic heterogeneity, determine parentage, and address questions concerning gene flow and kinship in feral vole populations. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Gordon, DA AU - Lattier, D L AU - Silbiger, R N AU - Torsella, J AU - Wolff, JO AU - Smith, M K AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 604 EP - 611 VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Gray-tailed vole KW - RAPD-PCR KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pedigree KW - Genetic diversity KW - Microtus pennsylvanicus KW - Gene flow KW - Paternity KW - Microtus canicaudus KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Genetic relationship KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - G 07395:Rodentia (general) KW - Y 25527:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17094716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Determination+of+genetic+diversity+and+paternity+in+the+gray-tailed+vole+%28Microtus+canicaudus%29+by+RAPD-PCR&rft.au=Gordon%2C+DA%3BLattier%2C+D+L%3BSilbiger%2C+R+N%3BTorsella%2C+J%3BWolff%2C+JO%3BSmith%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microtus canicaudus; Microtus pennsylvanicus; Genetic relationship; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Paternity; Genetic diversity; Pedigree; Gene flow ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of fish species tolerances to environmental stressors in lakes in the northeastern United States AN - 16560892; 4393106 AB - We present a simple quantitative visual method to aid in evaluating fish species tolerances to environmental stressors. To illustrate this process, we evaluated tolerances to five variables indicative of ecosystem stress - eutrophication, turbidity, human activity in the watershed and along the shoreline, and species introductions - for 42 fish species. Fish were collected from 169 lakes that were sampled by the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) in the northeastern United States. We integrated each species tolerance to the individual stressors into an overall tolerance rating for use in developing metrics for an index of biotic integrity. Eight species usually classified as tolerant or moderately tolerant of disturbance in streams appear to be intolerant or moderately intolerant of degraded conditions in lakes. Five species usually classified as intermediately tolerant in streams are very tolerant in northeastern U.S. lakes. JF - North American Journal of Fisheries Management AU - Whittier, T R AU - Hughes, R M AD - Dynamac International, Inc., 200 Southwest 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, whittiereart.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 236 EP - 252 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0275-5947, 0275-5947 KW - USA KW - USA, Northeast KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological stress KW - Eutrophication KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater fish KW - Human impact KW - Lakes KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Pollution tolerance KW - Turbidimetry KW - Disturbance KW - Turbidity KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16560892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+fish+species+tolerances+to+environmental+stressors+in+lakes+in+the+northeastern+United+States&rft.au=Whittier%2C+T+R%3BHughes%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Whittier&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.issn=02755947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Biological stress; Pollution tolerance; Lakes; Eutrophication; Pollution effects; Freshwater fish; Turbidity; Human impact; Turbidimetry; Disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Cry3A-Intoxicated Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Pollen on Consumption, Development, and Fecundity of Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) AN - 16549581; 4331437 AB - Predator consumption, development, and fecundity were assessed for the predator-prey interaction between Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer) and Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) feeding on Cry3A-transgenic or normal (nontransgenic) foliage of potato. The influence of bee pollen, a food supplement, on development and fecundity was also assessed. Neonates of L. decemlineata feeding on transgenic foliage lost considerable body weight, in comparison to those feeding on normal foliage. After differences in prey weight were considered, no significant difference was found between the proportion of transgenic-fed or normal-fed neonates consumed by C. maculata. There was no significant difference between the proportion of C. maculata developing into pupae and adults when reared on transgenic-fed or normal-fed prey; nor did the live weight of teneral adults differ. The proportion of C. maculata reaching maturation when reared on transgenic-fed prey with pollen was greater than those reared on pollen alone, which suggests the suitability of a diet containing animal and plant material. Predator fecundity, measured as egg deposition per day, was not significantly different between mated females provided with transgenic-fed prey with pollen or normal-fed prey with pollen. These data suggest that Cry3A-intoxicated L. decemlineata can be eaten by C. maculata without any observable adverse effects on their survival or predation potential. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Riddick, E W AU - Barbosa, P AD - Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA, riddick.eric@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 303 EP - 307 VL - 91 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Coleoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Leaf beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Development KW - Coleomegilla maculata KW - Pollen KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - Food consumption KW - Fecundity KW - Coccinellidae KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16549581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Cry3A-Intoxicated+Leptinotarsa+decemlineata+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29+and+Pollen+on+Consumption%2C+Development%2C+and+Fecundity+of+Coleomegilla+maculata+%28Coleoptera%3A+Coccinellidae%29&rft.au=Riddick%2C+E+W%3BBarbosa%2C+P&rft.aulast=Riddick&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Coccinellidae; Coleomegilla maculata; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Pollen; Food consumption; Predator-prey interactions; Fecundity; Development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The feasibility of epidemiologic studies of waterborne arsenic. A mortality study in Millard County, Utah AN - 16546797; 4381952 AB - The current maximum contaminant level for arsenic in drinking water for the United States is 50 micrograms/liter ( mu g/L). To provide support for a reevaluation of the standard, a retrospective cohort mortality study is being conducted in several Utah communities. The available literature about the health effects of arsenic leaves some questions unresolved, including whether results from non-U.S. populations are generalizable to the United States. Previous analyses have concluded that it is not possible to conduct a human health effects study of waterborne arsenic in the United States because the number of persons exposed to moderate-to-high levels of waterborne arsenic was assumed to be relatively small. This paper, however, describes a population in Utah that historically has been exposed to moderate-to-high levels of arsenic over a long period of time. Also, the paper discusses how many of the obstacles to a U.S. study can be overcome. The study population has good characterization of exposure to drinking-water arsenic, residential stability, a minimum number of confounding factors, documented residence history with additional information on exposure, and cause-of-death information. Exposure data are described from water quality records, water rights records, local health departments, and geologic records. Given this relatively large cohort of exposed persons and a good assessment of exposure, the authors believe that it is feasible to conduct an epidemiologic study of waterborne arsenic exposure in a U.S. population. JF - Journal of Environmental Health AU - Lewis AU - Southwick, J W AU - Scanlan, L P AU - Rench, J AU - Calderon, R L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Human Studies Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 14 EP - 19 VL - 60 IS - 9 SN - 0022-0892, 0022-0892 KW - USA, Utah KW - USA, Utah, Millard County KW - USA, Utah, Millard Cty. KW - epidemiology KW - man KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Pollution effects KW - Public health KW - Mortality KW - Arsenic KW - Population studies KW - Water pollution effects KW - Water quality standards KW - Water pollution KW - Epidemiology KW - Population exposure KW - Mercury KW - Drinking water KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16546797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=The+feasibility+of+epidemiologic+studies+of+waterborne+arsenic.+A+mortality+study+in+Millard+County%2C+Utah&rft.au=Lewis%3BSouthwick%2C+J+W%3BScanlan%2C+L+P%3BRench%2C+J%3BCalderon%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00220892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feasibility studies; Mortality; Arsenic; Epidemiology; Mercury; Population studies; Pollution effects; Water quality standards; Drinking water; Water pollution; Public health; Population exposure; Water pollution effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment microbial respiration in a synoptic survey of mid-Atlantic region streams AN - 16538797; 4321913 AB - The rate of microbial respiration on fine-grained stream sediments was measured at 196 first- to third-order sites in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Sample collection took place between April and July in 1993, 1994 and 1995. Study streams were randomly selected from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) River Reach File (RF3) using the sample design developed by USEPAs Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Programme (EMAP). Respiration rate ranged from 0 to 0.622 g O sub(2) g super(-1) ash-free dry mass (AFDM) h super(-1), and was significantly correlated with stream temperature, water chemistry and physical habitat. Respiration rate was significantly higher in streams from the Chesapeake drainage area compared to those from the Ohio drainage area, and in streams from the Northern Appalachian Plateau and Uplands and Central Appalachian Valleys ecoregions compared with streams from the Blue Ridge and Central Appalachian Plateau ecoregions. Respiration was not significantly different among stream orders or between years. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Hill, B H AU - Herlihy, A T AU - Kaufmann, PR AU - Sinsabaugh, R L AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 493 EP - 501 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - USA KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic region KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Regional analysis KW - Respiration KW - Correlation analysis KW - Water temperature KW - Streams KW - Sediments KW - Habitats KW - Stream biota KW - Fluvial sediments KW - Synoptic analysis KW - Freshwater microorganisms KW - Chemical properties KW - Microbiological studies KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - J 02905:Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16538797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Sediment+microbial+respiration+in+a+synoptic+survey+of+mid-Atlantic+region+streams&rft.au=Hill%2C+B+H%3BHerlihy%2C+A+T%3BKaufmann%2C+PR%3BSinsabaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Habitats; Respiration; Water temperature; Correlation analysis; Freshwater microorganisms; Chemical properties; Streams; Sediments; Regional analysis; Stream biota; Fluvial sediments; Synoptic analysis; Microbiological studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spectra of spontaneous frameshift mutations at the hisd3052 allele of Salmonella typhimurium in four DNA repair backgrounds AN - 16514388; 4293259 AB - To characterize the hisD3052 -1 frameshift allele of Salmonella typhimurium, we analyzed ~6000 spontaneous revertants (rev) for a 2-base deletion hotspot within the sequence (CG) sub(4), and we sequenced ~500 nonhotspot rev. The reversion target is a minimum of 76 bases (nucleotides 843- 918) that code for amino acids within a nonconserved region of the histidinol dehydrogenase protein. Only 0.4-3.9% were true rev. Of the following classes, 182 unique second- site mutations were identified: hotspot, complex frameshifts requiring Delta uvrB + pKM101 (TA98- specific) or not (concerted), 1-base insertions, duplications, and nonhotspot deletions. The percentages of hotspot mutations were 13.8% in TA1978 (wild type), 24.5% in UTH8413 (pKM101), 31.6% in TA1538 ( Delta uvrB), and 41.0% in TA98 ( Delta uvrB, pKM101). The Delta uvrB allele decreased by three times the mutant frequency (MF, rev/10 super(8) survivors) of duplications and increased by about two times the MF of deletions. Separately, the Delta uvrB allele or pKM101 plasmid increased by two to three times the MF of hotspot mutations; combined, they increased this MF by five times. The percentage of 1-base insertions was not influenced by either Delta uvrB or pKM101. Hotspot deletions and TA98-specific complex frameshifts are inducible by some mutagens; concerted complex frameshifts and 1-base insertions are not; and there is little evidence for mutagen-induced duplications and nonhotspot deletions. Except for the base substitutions in TA98-specific complex frameshifts, all spontaneous mutations of the hisD3052 allele are likely templated. The mechanisms may involve (1) the potential of direct and inverted repeats to undergo slippage and misalignment and to form quasi-palindromes and (2) the interaction of these sequences with DNA replication and repair proteins. "The universe is full of magical things patiently waiting for our wits to grow sharper." Eden Phillpots JF - Genetics AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Shelton, M L AU - Shakra, A A AU - Szakmary, A AU - Levine, J G AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division (MD-68), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 2771, USA, demarini.david@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 17 EP - 36 VL - 149 IS - 1 SN - 0016-6731, 0016-6731 KW - alleles KW - uvrB gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16514388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=Spectra+of+spontaneous+frameshift+mutations+at+the+hisd3052+allele+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+in+four+DNA+repair+backgrounds&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BShelton%2C+M+L%3BShakra%2C+A+A%3BSzakmary%2C+A%3BLevine%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetics&rft.issn=00166731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Corresponding author: David M. DeMarini N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demonstration of the environmental and demand-side management benefits of grid-connected photovoltaic power systems AN - 16481731; 4355615 AB - This study investigated the pollutant emission reduction and demand-side management potential of 16 photovoltaic (PV) systems installed across the US during 1993 and 1994. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and 11 electric power companies sponsored the project. This article presents results of analyses of each PV system's ability to offset power plant emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO sub(2)), nitrogen oxides (NO sub(x)), carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) and particulates and to provide power during peak demand hours for the individual host buildings and peak load hours for the utility. The analyses indicate a very broad range in the systems' abilities to offset pollutant emissions, due to variation in the solar resource available and the emission rates of the participating utilities' load following generation plants. Each system's ability to reduce building peak demand was dependent on the correlation of that load to the available solar resource. Most systems operated in excess of 50% of their capacity during building peak load hours in the summer months, but well below that level during winter peak hours. Similarly, many systems operated above 50% of their capacity during utility peak load hours in the summer months, but at a very low level during winter peak hours. JF - Solar Energy AU - Spiegel, R J AU - Kern, EC Jr AU - Greenberg, D L AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 345 EP - 358 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0038-092X, 0038-092X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16481731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy&rft.atitle=Demonstration+of+the+environmental+and+demand-side+management+benefits+of+grid-connected+photovoltaic+power+systems&rft.au=Spiegel%2C+R+J%3BKern%2C+EC+Jr%3BGreenberg%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Spiegel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy&rft.issn=0038092X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can site-specific trends be extrapolated to a region? An acidification example for the northeast AN - 16416964; 4325940 AB - In the absence of true regional data on changes in the acid/base status of lakes in the northeastern United States, we explore the possibility of using site-specific trends information from a judgment sample of lakes to assess the efficacy of the Clean Air Act Amendments. A meta-analytical technique is used to combine trends results from 44 Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) lakes in the Northeast for the period 1982-1994, with the goal of producing estimates of overall trends in the region. The lakes are subdivided into subpopulations (High ANC, Intermediate Till Drainage, Thin Till Drainage and Perched Seepage lakes) on the basis of their expected response to changes in acidic deposition, and they appear to represent the most acid-sensitive of these lake classes well. While the overall tendencies in the trends are as expected (e.g., most of the recovery is observed in the most sensitive subpopulations), there is significant trend heterogeneity among the lakes within most of the subpopulations; this heterogeneity prohibits the summarizing of trends at the regional level (i.e., for all of the Northeast). This heterogeneity is explained by differences in the responses of lakes in two subregions (Adirondacks vs. New England), and we present trends results separately for each subpopulation within these two subregions. All subpopulations in both subregions showed decreasing trends in sulfate concentrations, probably a reflection of decreasing trends in sulfur deposition in the region. Few trends in nitrate concentrations were observed. Recovery (as evidenced by increasing trends in acid-neutralizing capacity) was evident in Thin Till and Intermediate Till Drainage lakes in New England, but not in the Adirondacks. Most groups of lakes exhibited downward trends in base cations ( capital sigma [Ca super(2+) + Mg super(2+) + Na super(+) + K super(+)]); the magnitudes of these trends were always greater in Adirondack lakes than in similar New England lakes. This suggests that the depletion of soil cation pools in the Adirondacks may be responsible for some of the differences in recovery between Adirondack and New England lakes. While export of base cations may be the key difference producing different trends results in the two subregions, the site-specific nature of the trends, and their possible lack of regional representation, should be considered in interpreting the overall results. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Stoddard, J L AU - Driscoll, C T AU - Kahl, J S AU - Kellogg, J H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 288 EP - 299 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - USA KW - USA, Northeast KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Lakes KW - Lake reclamation KW - Neutralization KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Pollution tolerance KW - Data collections KW - Cations KW - Monitoring KW - Statistical analysis KW - Pollution effects KW - Acidification KW - Regional analysis KW - Air pollution KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16416964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Can+site-specific+trends+be+extrapolated+to+a+region%3F+An+acidification+example+for+the+northeast&rft.au=Stoddard%2C+J+L%3BDriscoll%2C+C+T%3BKahl%2C+J+S%3BKellogg%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Stoddard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Pollution tolerance; Statistical analysis; Pollution effects; Data collections; Air pollution; Lakes; Cations; Lake reclamation; Acidification; Monitoring; pH effects; pH; Neutralization; Regional analysis; USA, Northeast ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of separation technologies for treating pesticide-contaminated soil AN - 16411781; 4324827 AB - Pesticide contamination results from manufacturing, improper storage, handling, or disposal of pesticides, and from agricultural processes. Since most pesticides are mixtures of different compounds, selecting a remedy for pesticide-contaminated soils can be a complicated process. The various available treatment options for remediation fall into three broad categories: containment-immobilization, separation-concentration, and destruction. This paper categorizes pesticides into waste groups based on available treatment options and provides a review of separation treatment options that have been demonstrated to - or show potential to -treat pesticide-contaminated soil. Technologies include radio frequency heating, soil washing, thermal desorption, and solvent extraction. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Koustas, R N AU - Fischer, D AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Edison, NJ, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 434 EP - 440 VL - 48 IS - 5 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16411781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Review+of+separation+technologies+for+treating+pesticide-contaminated+soil&rft.au=Koustas%2C+R+N%3BFischer%2C+D&rft.aulast=Koustas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Zooplankton population and community responses to the pesticide azinphos-methyl in freshwater littoral enclosures AN - 16397235; 4311956 AB - We tested the effects of four concentrations (0.2, 1.0, 4.0, and 20.0 mu g/L) of the organophosphorus insecticide azinphos-methyl on natural zooplankton communities using littoral ecosystem enclosures. Individual taxa and major zooplankton groups (cladocerans, copepods, and rotifers) exhibited concentration-dependent responses, with most of the significant effects at the two highest concentrations. Analyses of population abundance were more sensitive to the effects of azinphos-methyl than were analyses of major zooplankton groups. Principal component analysis of communities differentiated the contributions of cladocerans, copepods, and rotifers to total community variance. The highest principal components were associated with cladocerans, the group also identified by univariate statistics to be most sensitive to azinphos-methyl. Ordination using the first two principal components depicted the multivariate status of the zooplankton communities through time and showed concentration-dependent effects and recovery from the pesticide at the community level. Principal component ordination was a more sensitive metric of community-level effects than was taxon richness. Communities in the highest treatment concentration had not fully recovered by the last sampling date, 78 d after treatment. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Sierszen, ME AU - Lozano, S J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA, epamessub(u)4500.dul.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 907 EP - 914 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Copepods KW - Rotifers KW - Water fleas KW - azinphosmethyl KW - community composition KW - species diversity KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - Cladocera KW - Insecticides KW - Principal component analysis KW - Pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Organophosphorus compounds KW - Freshwater environments KW - Zooplankton KW - Community structure KW - Toxicity testing KW - Pollution effects KW - Azinphos-methyl KW - Copepoda KW - Rotifera KW - Littoral zone KW - Organophosphorus pesticides KW - Water pollution effects KW - Water pollution KW - Freshwater ecosystems KW - Pesticides KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24136:Environmental impact KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16397235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Zooplankton+population+and+community+responses+to+the+pesticide+azinphos-methyl+in+freshwater+littoral+enclosures&rft.au=Sierszen%2C+ME%3BLozano%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Sierszen&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecticides; Abundance; Zooplankton; Pesticides; Population density; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Water pollution; Littoral zone; Pesticides (organophosphorus); Organophosphorus compounds; Freshwater environments; Azinphos-methyl; Freshwater ecosystems; Community structure; Toxicity testing; Principal component analysis; Organophosphorus pesticides; Copepoda; Rotifera; Cladocera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative toxicity of diuron on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog, bullfrog, red-legged frog, and African clawed frog embryos and tadpoles AN - 16395965; 4311892 AB - The effects of the herbicide diuron on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla), bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), red-legged frog (Rana aurora), and African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos and tadpoles were determined in static-renewal tests. P. regilla and X. laevis embryos had reduced growth and developed increased deformities in diuron concentrations over 20 mg/L. Hindlimb bud and forelimb development were retarded in R. aurora following 14 days exposure to diuron concentrations of > 7.6 mg/L. Mean 14-day LC50s for P. regilla and X. laevis tadpoles were 15.2 and 11.3 mg/L diuron, respectively. The 21-day LC50 for R. catesbeiana tadpoles was 12.7 mg/L diuron. The 14-day LC50 for R. aurora tadpoles was 22.2 mg/L. The lowest NOAELs calculated in embryo tests were 14.5 mg/L for P. regilla (10 days) and 7.6 mg/L diuron for X. laevis (4 days). The lowest NOAELs calculated in tadpole tests were: P. regilla, 14.5 mg/L (14 days); R. catesbeiana, 7.6 mg/L (21 days); R. aurora, 7.6 mg/L (14 days); and X. laevis, > 29.1 mg/L (14 days). Diuron concentrations having an effect on survival, growth, and malformation in the laboratory were much higher than those found in normal field spray situations; field studies would be needed to determine the hazard to amphibians in areas of localized pooling of recently applied herbicide in the environment. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Nebeker, A V AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 370 EP - 376 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - African clawed frog KW - Bullfrog KW - Pacific treefrog KW - Red-legged frog KW - diuron KW - growth KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Organogenesis KW - Mutations KW - Developmental stages KW - Pollution effects KW - Survival KW - Herbicides KW - Freshwater KW - Rana aurora KW - Xenopus laevis KW - Rana catesbeiana KW - Teratogens KW - Pseudacris regilla KW - Toxicology KW - Hazard assessment KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16395965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparative+toxicity+of+diuron+on+survival+and+growth+of+Pacific+treefrog%2C+bullfrog%2C+red-legged+frog%2C+and+African+clawed+frog+embryos+and+tadpoles&rft.au=Schuytema%2C+G+S%3BNebeker%2C+A+V&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Organogenesis; Mutations; Survival; Pollution effects; Developmental stages; Teratogens; Herbicides; Toxicology; Hazard assessment; Xenopus laevis; Rana catesbeiana; Pseudacris regilla; Rana aurora; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipid methodology and pollutant normalization relationships for neutral nonpolar organic pollutants AN - 16387204; 4311940 AB - This work compares the ability of hexane and chloroform with methanol (C/M) to extract lipid, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and p,p'-DDE from white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) muscle tissue. Hexane extracted on average 25% of the lipid and 73% of the PCB congeners that were extracted by C/M. Both solvents extracted similar quantities of p,p'-DDE. Consequently, PCB and p,p'-DDE lipid-normalized concentrations using hexane values were 2.9 and 3.9 times greater than with C/M values, and greater than fivefold differences are possible using hexane lipid values with C/M pollutant values. Because the solvents primarily extract different lipid pools, the results conceivably approximate the largest lipid-normalized pollutant concentration differences obtainable using common solvents. The differences suggest that lipid-normalized pollutant concentrations in fish muscle tissue will vary among studies without a standardized total lipid method, but more research is required to better identify complex neutral pollutant and lipid relationships before a final standard methodology can be selected. In the interim, we recommend that the Bligh-Dyer method with C/M be used to obtain total lipid for lipid-normalizing pollutant concentrations. If another solvent or system is used, the C/M extraction should be conducted on representative samples to allow for interconversion of lipid results. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Randall, R C AU - Young AU - Lee, H II AU - Echols, S F AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2111 Southeast Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365-5260, USA, lee.henrypamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/05// PY - 1998 DA - May 1998 SP - 788 EP - 791 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Genyonemus lineatus KW - PCB KW - chloroform KW - hexane KW - methanol KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Tissues KW - Lipids KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Chloroform KW - Geneonus lineatus KW - Pollutants KW - PCB compounds KW - Freshwater pollution KW - DDE KW - Muscles KW - Solvents KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Organic compounds KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16387204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Lipid+methodology+and+pollutant+normalization+relationships+for+neutral+nonpolar+organic+pollutants&rft.au=Randall%2C+R+C%3BYoung%3BLee%2C+H+II%3BEchols%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tissues; Pollution monitoring; Lipids; DDE; Solvents; Muscles; Freshwater fish; Chloroform; Bioaccumulation; Pollutants; Organic compounds; PCB; Freshwater pollution; PCB compounds; Geneonus lineatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic lead exposure accelerates decay of long-term potentiation in rat dentate gyrus in vivo. AN - 85232400; pmid-9602098 AB - Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a model of synaptic plasticity believed to encompass the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that support memory function. Chronic developmental lead (Pb) exposure is known to be associated with cognitive dysfunction in children and animals. Disruption of the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) has been reported in the hippocampus following chronic exposure to environmentally relevant levels of Pb in rats. Under urethane anesthesia, we have previously observed Pb-induced increases in the threshold for LTP induction. With higher train intensities, LTP was induced and no declines in the amplitude of responses within a 60-min posttrain period were evident. The present study was designed to assess the effects of Pb on the more enduring forms of LTP in the dentate gyrus of the conscious rat. Beginning in the late gestational period, rats were chronically exposed to 0.2% Pb(2+)-acetate through the drinking water of the pregnant dam, and directly through their own water supply at weaning. As adults, electrodes were permanently implanted in male offspring and field potentials evoked by perforant path stimulation were recorded from the dentate gyrus over several weeks. LTP was induced by delivering theta-burst patterned stimulation at a maximal stimulus intensity through the perforant path electrode, and input/output (I/O) functions were monitored for 1 month. Population spike (PS) amplitude was increased maximally 1 h after train delivery. The time constant of decay (tau) calculated from pooled data for each group yielded declines in PS amplitude by 63% in 17.4 days in controls and 13.4 days in Pb-exposed animals. Quantitative estimates of decay in individual animals were achieved in two ways: (1) by calculating difference scores in I/O functions from the maximal LTP at 1 h, and (2) by interpolating day to decay by 63% from declines from maximal LTP. The interpolated values were used to compare the incidence of animals showing decay of 63% within 1 week posttrain. Both analyses revealed a more accelerated rate of decay of LTP in animals developmentally exposed to Pb relative to controls. Endurance of potentiated responses for days to weeks is believed to be supported by structural modifications and synaptic growth. The reported effects of Pb on growth-related processes may thus contribute to a reduced persistence of LTP and the resulting cognitive deficits engendered by developmental Pb exposure. JF - Brain Research AU - Gilbert, M E AU - Mack, C M AD - National Research Council, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 139 EP - 149 VL - 789 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - Animal KW - Dentate Gyrus KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Time Factors KW - Long-Term Potentiation KW - Male KW - Female KW - Synaptic Transmission KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85232400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Chronic+lead+exposure+accelerates+decay+of+long-term+potentiation+in+rat+dentate+gyrus+in+vivo.&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+M+E%3BMack%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=789&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-performance liquid chromatography of selected organic peroxides with oxidative amperometric detection. AN - 80039548; 9684404 AB - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with oxidative amperometric detection was optimized for the determination of several organic peroxides in drinking water under ideal conditions. The determinations were performed under isocratic conditions using acetonitrile and methanol as the organic modifiers with 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer solution. The oxidative amperometric response of the organic peroxides was dependent on the concentration of organic modifier and the electrode potential. The optimum electrode potential (EOxAPP), for the simultaneous determination of the organic peroxides was approximately +1.150 +/- 0.05 V versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The maximum analytical signal for butan-2-one peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, when using acetonitrile, was obtained with 20% v/v organic modifier. For cumene hydroperoxide, the maximum analytical signal was achieved with approximately 35% v/v acetonitrile. The retention time of cumene hydroperoxide, on an octyldecylsilane column (250 x 4 mm id), decreased sharply from > 100 to < 10 min when the organic modifier concentration was varied from 5 to 50% v/v. The retention time of butan-2-one and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, under the same conditions, varied by < 10 min. The calibration curves for the aliphatic peroxides and aromatic peroxide were linear from 2 to 200 ng and from 0.2 to 200 ng injected, respectively. JF - The Analyst AU - Evans, O AD - Chemical Exposure Research Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA. evans.otis@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 705 EP - 710 VL - 123 IS - 4 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - 0 KW - Peroxides KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Peroxides -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80039548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=High-performance+liquid+chromatography+of+selected+organic+peroxides+with+oxidative+amperometric+detection.&rft.au=Evans%2C+O&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=705&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-08-18 N1 - Date created - 1998-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model to evaluate past exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. AN - 79836294; 9577750 AB - Data from several studies suggest that concentrations of dioxins rose in the environment from the 1930s to about the 1960s/70s and have been declining over the last decade or two. The most direct evidence of this trend comes from lake core sediments, which can be used to estimate past atmospheric depositions of dioxins. The primary source of human exposure to dioxins is through the food supply. The pathway relating atmospheric depositions to concentrations in food is quite complex, and accordingly, it is not known to what extent the trend in human exposure mirrors the trend in atmospheric depositions. This paper describes an attempt to statistically reconstruct the pattern of past human exposure to the most toxic dioxin congener, 2,3,7,8-TCDD (abbreviated TCDD), through use of a simple pharmacokinetic (PK) model which included a time-varying TCDD exposure dose. This PK model was fit to TCDD body burden data (i.e., TCDD concentrations in lipid) from five U.S. studies dating from 1972 to 1987 and covering a wide age range. A Bayesian statistical approach was used to fit TCDD exposure; model parameters other than exposure were all previously known or estimated from other data sources. The primary results of the analysis are as follows: (1) use of a time-varying exposure dose provided a far better fit to the TCDD body burden data than did using a dose that was constant over time; this is strong evidence that exposure to TCDD has, in fact, varied during the 20th century, (2) the year of peak TCDD exposure was estimated to be in the late 1960s, which coincides with peaks found in sediment core studies, (3) modeled average exposure doses during these peak years was estimated at 1.4-1.9 pg TCDD/kg-day, and (4) modeled exposure doses of TCDD for the late 1980s of less than 0.10 pg TCDD/kg-day correlated well with recent estimates of exposure doses around 0.17 pg TCDD/kg-day (recent estimates are based on food concentrations combined with food ingestion rates; food is thought to explain over 90% of total dioxin exposure). This paper describes these and other results, the goodness-of-fit between predicted and observed lipid TCDD concentrations, the modeled impact of breast feeding on lipid concentrations in young individuals, and sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Pinsky, P F AU - Lorber, M N AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. pinsky-paul@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1998 SP - 187 EP - 206 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Bayes Theorem KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79836294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=A+model+to+evaluate+past+exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-TCDD.&rft.au=Pinsky%2C+P+F%3BLorber%2C+M+N&rft.aulast=Pinsky&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airborne exposures to PAH and PM2.5 particles for road paving workers applying conventional asphalt and crumb rubber modified asphalt. AN - 79835322; 9577752 AB - Personal exposure monitoring was conducted for road paving workers in three states. A research objective was to characterize and compare occupational exposures to fine respirable particles (< 2.5 microns) and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for road paving workers applying conventional (petroleum derived) asphalt and asphalt containing crumb rubber from shredded tires. Workers not exposed to asphalt fume were also included for comparison (to support the biomarker component of this study). The rubber content of the crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt at the three study sites was 12, 15, and 20%. A comparison of some specific job categories from two sites indicates greater potential carcinogenic PAH exposures during CRM asphalt work, however, the site with the greatest overall exposures did not indicate any differences for specific jobs. A statistical analysis of means for fine particle, pyrene and total carcinogenic PAH personal exposure shows, with two exceptions, there were no differences in exposures for these three measurement variables. One site shows significantly elevated pyrene exposure for CRM asphalt workers and another site similarly shows greater carcinogenic PAH exposure for CRM asphalt workers. Conventional and CRM asphalt worker airborne exposures to the PAH carcinogen marker, BaP, were very low with concentrations comparable to ambient air in many cities. However, this study demonstrates that asphalt road paving workers are exposed to elevated airborne concentrations of a group of unknown compounds that likely consist of the carcinogenic PAHs benz(a)anthracene, chrysene and methylated derivatives of both. The research described in this article has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Watts, R R AU - Wallingford, K M AU - Williams, R W AU - House, D E AU - Lewtas, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 213 EP - 229 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollution KW - Transportation KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79835322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Airborne+exposures+to+PAH+and+PM2.5+particles+for+road+paving+workers+applying+conventional+asphalt+and+crumb+rubber+modified+asphalt.&rft.au=Watts%2C+R+R%3BWallingford%2C+K+M%3BWilliams%2C+R+W%3BHouse%2C+D+E%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Commentary: defining exposure and related concepts. AN - 79834668; 9577745 JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Mage, D T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Mage.David@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV PY - 1998 SP - 117 EP - 21; discussion 123-8 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Index Medicus KW - Skin Absorption KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Environmental Pollution -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Terminology as Topic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79834668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Commentary%3A+defining+exposure+and+related+concepts.&rft.au=Mage%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Mage&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of malathion residues on lettuce by washing. AN - 79813558; 9557197 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Leyva, J AU - Lee, P AU - Goh, K S AD - California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Sacramento 95814-5624, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 592 EP - 595 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Surface-Active Agents KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Lettuce KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Malathion -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79813558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Removal+of+malathion+residues+on+lettuce+by+washing.&rft.au=Leyva%2C+J%3BLee%2C+P%3BGoh%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Leyva&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro cytotoxicity of BTEX metabolites in HeLa cells. AN - 79746311; 9504968 AB - Fuel leakage from underground storage tanks is a major source of groundwater contamination. Although the toxicity of regulated compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are well recognized, the cytotoxicity of their metabolites has not been studied extensively. In this study, Hela cells, propagated at 37 degrees C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2-95% air, served as a target for evaluation of cytotoxicity of BTEX metabolites 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid. The cells were exposed to different concentrations of the metabolites, which subsequently showed inhibition of cell growth and produced dose-related decreases in cell viability and cell protein content. The BTEX metabolites affected the levels of the polyamines spermidine, spermine, and putrescine, which are known to be important in cell proliferation. The cytotoxic effects for these BTEX metabolites to Hela cells were 3-methylcatechol > 4-methylcatechol > 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid > 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Shen, Y AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Subsurface Protection & Remediation Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma 74820, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 229 EP - 234 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Xylenes KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - ethylbenzene KW - L5I45M5G0O KW - Index Medicus KW - Benzene Derivatives -- toxicity KW - Xylenes -- toxicity KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - HeLa Cells KW - Humans KW - Benzene Derivatives -- metabolism KW - Toluene -- metabolism KW - Xylenes -- metabolism KW - Toluene -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79746311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+cytotoxicity+of+BTEX+metabolites+in+HeLa+cells.&rft.au=Shen%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ontogeny of the conditioned eyeblink response in rats: acquisition or expression? AN - 73852853; 9705002 AB - Eyeblink conditioning depends critically on an identified brainstem-cerebellar circuit and is modulated under some circumstances by the hippocampus, amygdala, and other forebrain regions. Developmental studies of eyeblink conditioning could help elucidate questions concerning the behavioral expression of plasticity within these brain circuits and regions, and of their functional interactions, as they unfold during ontogeny. Recently, this laboratory has shown that conditioning of the eyeblink reflex develops dramatically between Postnatal Days (PND) 17 and PND 24 in the rat. The present study asked whether the developmental emergence of the eyeblink conditioned response (CR) occurs gradually or abruptly over this age range, and whether it reflects developmental changes in acquisition or expression of the learned eyeblink reflex. In Experiment 1, rat pups received two consecutive days of training beginning on PND 17, 20, or 24. Conditioned responses occurred at low levels on PND 17-18, intermediate levels on PND 20-21, and high levels on PND 24-25. In Experiment 2, 17-day-old rats received 2 days of training, 72 h apart, so that effects of training on PND 17 could be examined at an age, PND 20, when expression of the eyeblink CR was clearly possible. On PND 20, rat pups that had received paired training on PND 17 showed significantly faster conditioning than controls that had received unpaired training or no training on PND 17. These findings suggest that neural plasticity underlying associative learning developmentally precedes its overt expression in behavior. Hypotheses concerning the nature and locus of this learning are discussed. JF - Neuropharmacology AU - Stanton, M E AU - Fox, G D AU - Carter, C S AD - Neurotoxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. stanton.mark@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1998 SP - 623 EP - 632 VL - 37 IS - 4-5 SN - 0028-3908, 0028-3908 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Conditioning, Classical -- physiology KW - Electrodes, Implanted KW - Neural Pathways -- physiology KW - Electromyography KW - Neuronal Plasticity -- physiology KW - Electric Stimulation KW - Cerebellum -- physiology KW - Blinking -- physiology KW - Rats KW - Association Learning -- physiology KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Neural Pathways -- growth & development KW - Models, Neurological KW - Male KW - Female KW - Conditioning, Eyelid -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73852853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropharmacology&rft.atitle=Ontogeny+of+the+conditioned+eyeblink+response+in+rats%3A+acquisition+or+expression%3F&rft.au=Stanton%2C+M+E%3BFox%2C+G+D%3BCarter%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuropharmacology&rft.issn=00283908&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolution of allophane as a thermodynamically unstable solid in the presence of boehmite at elevated temperatures and equilibrium vapor pressures AN - 52606827; 1998-033701 JF - Soil Science AU - Su, Chunming AU - Harsh, James B Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 299 EP - 312 PB - Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 163 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - silicates KW - boehmite KW - Far East KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - natural materials KW - stability KW - water vapor KW - solution KW - temperature KW - vapor pressure KW - chemical reactions KW - oxides KW - imogolite KW - thermodynamic properties KW - Asia KW - geochemistry KW - synthetic materials KW - pressure KW - free energy KW - kaolinite KW - solubility KW - solid solution KW - TEM data KW - clay minerals KW - solid phase KW - allophane KW - sheet silicates KW - halloysite KW - Japan KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52606827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Dissolution+of+allophane+as+a+thermodynamically+unstable+solid+in+the+presence+of+boehmite+at+elevated+temperatures+and+equilibrium+vapor+pressures&rft.au=Su%2C+Chunming%3BHarsh%2C+James+B&rft.aulast=Su&rft.aufirst=Chunming&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, 1 plate N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - allophane; Asia; boehmite; chemical reactions; clay minerals; Far East; free energy; geochemistry; halloysite; imogolite; Japan; kaolinite; natural materials; oxides; pressure; sheet silicates; silicates; solid phase; solid solution; solubility; solution; stability; synthetic materials; TEM data; temperature; thermodynamic properties; vapor pressure; water vapor; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sowing seeds for success AN - 52605946; 1998-033565 JF - Focus - International Joint Commission AU - Letterhos, Julie A2 - Jamieson, Bruce A2 - Bondy, Doug Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 14 EP - 15 PB - International Joint Commission, Washington - Ottawa - Windsor - Detroit VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1024-5219, 1024-5219 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - programs KW - North America KW - Toronto Ontario KW - public awareness KW - government agencies KW - pollution KW - companies KW - remediation KW - Ontario KW - financing KW - Canada KW - conservation KW - Great Lakes KW - Eastern Canada KW - Ohio KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52605946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Focus+-+International+Joint+Commission&rft.atitle=Sowing+seeds+for+success&rft.au=Letterhos%2C+Julie&rft.aulast=Letterhos&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Focus+-+International+Joint+Commission&rft.issn=10245219&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canada; companies; conservation; Eastern Canada; financing; government agencies; Great Lakes; North America; Ohio; Ontario; pollution; programs; public awareness; remediation; Toronto Ontario; United States; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental research brief; development and application of protocols for evaluation of oil spill bioremediation AN - 52479184; 1999-037677 JF - EPA - Environmental Research Brief AU - Lepo, J E AU - Cripe, C R Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 6 PB - United States Environmental Protection Agency - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Ada, OH KW - regulations KW - enzymes KW - remediation KW - controls KW - toxicity KW - oil spills KW - biodegradation KW - toxic materials KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - effluents KW - pollution KW - petroleum products KW - nearshore environment KW - bioremediation KW - nutrients KW - organic compounds KW - surfactants KW - bacteria KW - hydrocarbons KW - coastal environment KW - testing KW - proteins KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52479184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Lepo%2C+J+E%3BCripe%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Lepo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Environmental+research+brief%3B+development+and+application+of+protocols+for+evaluation+of+oil+spill+bioremediation&rft.title=Environmental+research+brief%3B+development+and+application+of+protocols+for+evaluation+of+oil+spill+bioremediation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - Availability - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, FL, United States N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04766 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; biodegradation; bioremediation; coastal environment; controls; effluents; enzymes; experimental studies; hydrocarbons; monitoring; nearshore environment; nutrients; oil spills; organic compounds; petroleum products; pollutants; pollution; proteins; regulations; remediation; surfactants; testing; toxic materials; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - LandView III and the CEIS digital library of the state of the environment AN - 52471694; 1999-042947 JF - Proceedings of the Annual Federal Depository Library Conference AU - Niemann, Brand L A2 - MacGilvray, Marian W. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 149 EP - 159 PB - Library Programs Service, Washington, D.C. VL - 7 KW - public awareness KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - mapping KW - LandView III KW - information management KW - environmental analysis KW - World Wide Web KW - data management KW - computer programs KW - data bases KW - CD-ROM KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52471694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+Federal+Depository+Library+Conference&rft.atitle=LandView+III+and+the+CEIS+digital+library+of+the+state+of+the+environment&rft.au=Niemann%2C+Brand+L&rft.aulast=Niemann&rft.aufirst=Brand&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+Federal+Depository+Library+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 7th annual Federal Depository Library conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04893 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CD-ROM; computer programs; data bases; data management; data processing; environmental analysis; government agencies; information management; LandView III; mapping; public awareness; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; World Wide Web ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Access to EPA's information; an update AN - 52471490; 1999-042946 JF - Proceedings of the Annual Federal Depository Library Conference AU - Byrd, Jonda A2 - MacGilvray, Marian W. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 123 EP - 124 PB - Library Programs Service, Washington, D.C. VL - 7 KW - publications KW - public awareness KW - web pages KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - data bases KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - information management KW - environmental analysis KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52471490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+Federal+Depository+Library+Conference&rft.atitle=Access+to+EPA%27s+information%3B+an+update&rft.au=Byrd%2C+Jonda&rft.aulast=Byrd&rft.aufirst=Jonda&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+Federal+Depository+Library+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 7th annual Federal Depository Library conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04893 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; data processing; environmental analysis; government agencies; information management; public awareness; publications; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; web pages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional forums; linking science and management AN - 52452449; 1999-052802 JF - Geotimes AU - Dresler, Paul AU - Schaefer, Mark Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 24 EP - 27 PB - American Geological Institute, Alexandria, VA VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0016-8556, 0016-8556 KW - programs KW - monitoring KW - natural resources KW - conservation KW - regulations KW - policy KW - research KW - environmental analysis KW - mineral resources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52452449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geotimes&rft.atitle=Regional+forums%3B+linking+science+and+management&rft.au=Dresler%2C+Paul%3BSchaefer%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Dresler&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geotimes&rft.issn=00168556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEOTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; environmental analysis; mineral resources; monitoring; natural resources; policy; programs; regulations; research ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoinduced toxicity of PAHs and alkylated PAHs to a marine infaunal amphipod AN - 1859127425; 9504969 AB - The marine infaunal amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius was exposed in standard 10-day toxicity tests to sediments contaminated with parent or alkylated PAHs. After exposures, mortalities (LC50 values) and the ability to rebury in control sediment (EC50 values) were determined. Survivors of these initial toxicity tests were then exposed to UV radiation in an environmental growth chamber for 1 h. The differences between EC50 values before and after UV exposure were used to assess the phototoxicity of the bioaccumulated contaminants. Contaminants with HOMO-LUMO gap energies between 7.2 and 7.7 eV produced up to an order-of-magnitude increase in toxicity with UV exposure. The strength of phototoxic responses within this HOMO-LUMO gap range varied with contaminants such that compounds with the lowest water solubilities appeared to be relatively less phototoxic. This suggests that these compounds were not taken up in sufficient quantities to produce a strong phototoxic response and points out the need to measure tissue residues in phototoxicity experiments. In general, these results support the HOMO-LUMO gap model of photoinduced toxicity. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Boese AU - Lamberson AU - Swartz AU - Ozretich AU - Cole AD - Coastal Ecology Branch, Western Ecology Division, U. S. EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2111 SE Marine Science Dr., Newport, Oregon 97365-5260, USA. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 235 EP - 240 VL - 34 IS - 3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859127425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Photoinduced+toxicity+of+PAHs+and+alkylated+PAHs+to+a+marine+infaunal+amphipod&rft.au=Boese%3BLamberson%3BSwartz%3BOzretich%3BCole&rft.aulast=Boese&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=1432-0703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 1998-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative structure-activity relationships and volume fraction analysis for nonpolar narcotic chemicals to the australian cladoceran ceriodaphnia cf. dubia AN - 1859127199; 9504971 AB - The toxicity of eleven nonpolar narcotic chemicals to the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia was determined. C. cf. dubia was found to be approximately four times more sensitive to these narcotic chemicals than Daphnia magna tested under virtually identical conditions. The toxicity data were also used to develop and validate quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) using a range of physicochemical properties of the chemicals. The three best QSARs, based on octanol-water partition coefficients and two lipid-water partition coefficients, were able to explain 98% of the variation in toxicity. The mean absolute percentage errors between the predicted and experimental EC50 values for these three QSARs were 17.3%, 20.6%, 24.6%. Neither the critical concentration (CC) nor the critical volume (CV) hypotheses validly modeled the toxicity data when octanol-water and triolein-water partition coefficients were used although the CV hypothesis was the better of the two. When a phospholipid-water partition coefficient was used the CV hypothesis was valid. The mean toxic membrane volume fraction of 0.48 x 10(-2) m3/m3 derived in this study agreed with published values for nonpolar narcotics and supports the use of this property to determine the mode of action of chemicals. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Rose AU - St J Warne M AU - Lim AD - Department of Environmental Biology and Urban Horticulture, EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology Sydney, Westbourne St, Gore Hill, NSW 2065, Australia. Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - April 1998 SP - 248 EP - 252 VL - 34 IS - 3 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859127199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+structure-activity+relationships+and+volume+fraction+analysis+for+nonpolar+narcotic+chemicals+to+the+australian+cladoceran+ceriodaphnia+cf.+dubia&rft.au=Rose%3BSt+J+Warne+M%3BLim&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=1432-0703&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 1998-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural Phosphorus and Water Quality: A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Perspective AN - 17187538; 4478615 AB - Pollution of lakes, rivers, and estuaries from agricultural sources of P is a major water quality problem in the USA. This paper explains the regulatory and nonregulatory programs developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to implement its legal mandate to control water pollution from these sources. The Clean Water Act defines concentrated animal feeding operations as point sources of pollution that are required to obtain permits to discharge into waters of the USA. All other agricultural sources are considered nonpoint and are not regulated under federal law. The USEPA provides grant money to the states to develop and implement nonpoint source programs. The Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 requires coastal states to adopt nonpoint management measures that are backed by enforceable policies and mechanisms. For water bodies that continue to be impaired despite the basic implementation of these laws and other programs, states are required to develop a total maximum daily load (TMDL). The TMDL process is the quantitative basis for reaching water quality standards. The USEPA is putting a new emphasis on controlling nutrient pollution sources to meet the goal of the Clean Water Act. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Parry, R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy Development, 2121, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA, parry.robertapamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 258 EP - 261 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - USA KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - State regulations KW - Eutrophication KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Freshwater KW - Pollution legislation KW - Feedlots KW - Clean water act KW - Regulations KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Policies KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Coastal waters KW - Environmental policy KW - Water pollution control KW - Water quality control KW - EPA KW - Environmental quality KW - Clean Water Act KW - Legislation KW - Pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17187538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Agricultural+Phosphorus+and+Water+Quality%3A+A+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency+Perspective&rft.au=Parry%2C+R&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Policies; Eutrophication; Agricultural pollution; Phosphorus; Pollution legislation; Coastal waters; Water quality control; Water pollution control; Regulations; Agricultural runoff; Legislation; Pollution control; State regulations; Nutrients; Nonpoint pollution; Environmental policy; EPA; Environmental quality; Clean Water Act; Nonpoint pollution sources; Feedlots; Clean water act; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sulfate reduction in lake sediments inhabited by the isoetid macrophytes Littorella uniflora and Isoetes lacustris AN - 16548200; 4382565 AB - Sulfur cycling was examined in sediments inhabited with the isoetids Littorella uniflora and Isoetes lacustris in the oligotrophic soft-water Lake Kalgaard, Denmark. Based on short-term tracer incubations sulfate reduction was measured along a transect from the shore (0.6 m) to profundal sediments (4.6 m). The sulfate reduction rates were low (0.008-0.8 mmol m super(-2) d super(-1)) in the sandy shallow sediments with low organic content ( 100 mV), whereas sulfate reduction was higher at the deeper sites (2.7-4.6 mmol m super(-2) d super(-1)) with high organic content (max. 11.5 mmol C g super(-1) sed DW) and lower redox potentials ( 80%) of reduced sulfides being accumulated as elemental sulfur or pyrite (chromium reducible sulfur, CRS). The largest pools of CRS were found in high organic sediment with vertical distributions resembling those of the sulfate reduction rates. The overall effect of isoetid growth on sulfur cycling in the rhizosphere is a suppression of sulfate reduction in low organic sediments and the governing of sulfide reoxidation in sediments with higher organic content. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Holmer, M AU - Jensen, H S AU - Christensen, K K AU - Wigand, C AU - Andersen, F O AD - US EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragawsett, R1-02882, USA, holmeriology.ou.dk Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 307 EP - 324 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - Denmark, Kalgaard L. KW - sulphur cycle KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sulfates KW - Roots KW - Freshwater KW - Lake sediments KW - Sulphates KW - Sulphides KW - Lakes KW - Isoetes lacustris KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Aquatic plants KW - Oxygenation KW - Sediment-water interfaces KW - Sulphate reduction KW - Chemical reduction KW - Littorella uniflora KW - Oxidation-reduction potential KW - Redox potential KW - K 03009:Algae KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16548200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Sulfate+reduction+in+lake+sediments+inhabited+by+the+isoetid+macrophytes+Littorella+uniflora+and+Isoetes+lacustris&rft.au=Holmer%2C+M%3BJensen%2C+H+S%3BChristensen%2C+K+K%3BWigand%2C+C%3BAndersen%2C+F+O&rft.aulast=Holmer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulphides; Sediment chemistry; Lakes; Sulphate reduction; Aquatic plants; Oxygenation; Roots; Dissolved organic carbon; Oxidation-reduction potential; Sulphates; Redox potential; Sulfates; Sediment-water interfaces; Chemical reduction; Lake sediments; Isoetes lacustris; Littorella uniflora; Denmark, Kalgaard L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental monitoring and human exposure assessment using immunochemical techniques AN - 16525507; 4293823 AB - The use of immunochemical technologies including, but not limited to, immunoassays is expanding to include various aspects of environmental analysis. Ultimately, the basis for environmental investigations is concern about human and ecological exposure to potentially toxic compounds. In addition to the well-described attributes of immunochemical methods (ease of use, cost savings, reduced use of organic solvents), these methods also provide a direct and sensitive analytical process for determining human exposure to analytes of interest. Levels of toxic compounds to which humans are exposed are typically very low. Often, the target compounds in exposure studies are products of xenobiotic metabolism and are difficult to analyze by traditional chromatographic methods due to in vivo conjugation and a high molecular weight. To determine human exposure, large-scale surveys of various environmental matrices and body fluids must be designed and implemented. The implementation must consider several analytical and economic criteria: sensitivity, selectivity, cost and sample throughput. Immunochemical methods are well suited to these analytical rigors and their use is described herein. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Van Emon, JM AU - Gerlach, CL AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 944 East Harmon Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA Y1 - 1998/04/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 01 SP - 121 EP - 131 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01110:Environmental KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16525507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Environmental+monitoring+and+human+exposure+assessment+using+immunochemical+techniques&rft.au=Van+Emon%2C+JM%3BGerlach%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Van+Emon&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation-induced reactions of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in aqueous solution AN - 16521098; 4330189 AB - Radiolysis of aqueous solutions of TNT was examined to provide fundamental information concerning the reactions of TNT with radical species in water. gamma -Radiation was used in conjunction with radical scavengers to compare yields for radiation-induced TNT transformation under oxidizing and reducing conditions and in the presence and absence of oxygen. Pulse radiolytic techniques were employed to determine rate constants and absorption spectra for the reactions of TNT with the hydroxyl radical and the aqueous electron. TNT was rapidly transformed under both reducing (1% tert-butyl alcohol, N sub(2) sparged) and oxidizing (N sub(2)O sparged) conditions although rates under reducing conditions were greater. The initial yield for transformation of a 350 mu mol L super(-1) TNT solution under reducing conditions was 0.14 mu mol/J as opposed to 0.10 mu mol/J measured in oxidizing conditions. The reactions of TNT with reduced oxygen species were found to be highly inefficient in aqueous solution. Although TNT is transformed by both oxidizing and reducing radicals, TNT degradation yields in the absence of a radical scavenger were low, indicating that under these conditions there were significant secondary reactions in which the species resulting from reactions between TNT and the primary radicals further reacted to reform the parent compound. The bimolecular rate constant for the reaction between TNT and OH radical was determined to be 4.3 x 10 super(8) mol super(-1) s super(-1). Byproduct analyses from gamma -radiolysis suggest that hydroxyl radical abstraction of a methyl hydrogen to form the trinitrotoluyl radical is an initial oxidative reaction. The bimolecular rate constant for the reaction between TNT and e sub(a) sub(q) super(-) was measured as 3.5 x 10 super(10) mol super(-1) s super(-1). These results provide quantitative and qualitative insight into the reactions between TNT and the various aqueous radicals produced in many remediation processes. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Schmelling, D C AU - Gray, KA AU - Kamat, P V AD - Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA, schmelling.daniel@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/04/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 01 SP - 971 EP - 974 VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene KW - radiolysis KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16521098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Radiation-induced+reactions+of+2%2C4%2C6-trinitrotoluene+in+aqueous+solution&rft.au=Schmelling%2C+D+C%3BGray%2C+KA%3BKamat%2C+P+V&rft.aulast=Schmelling&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coliform bacteria and nitrate contamination of wells in major soils of Frederick, Maryland AN - 16510181; 4328595 AB - An investigation was conducted on the hypothesis that inadequate septic system construction or placement may cause contamination of wells with coliform bacteria and/or nitrates. Specifically, two predictions were tested: 1. A negative correlation between lot size and coliform bacteria and nitrate contamination will exist in unsewered areas. 2. Coliform bacteria and nitrate contamination will decrease with increasing casing length. The relationship of coliform bacteria and nitrate levels to lot size and casing length was tested for all wells in unsewered areas (n = 832) and for wells in 10 soil groups in Frederick County, Maryland, to determine if septic system construction or placement contributed to well contamination. Coliform bacteria and nitrate contamination were negatively correlated with lot size. In addition, coliform bacteria levels were negatively correlated with casing length, and there was a trend toward nitrate levels being associated with casing length. The results suggest that septic systems may be a source of coliform bacteria and nitrate contamination of wells. The casing length required in well construction should be increased in areas where wells may be prone to coliform bacteria contamination if the minimum amount of casing is used. JF - Journal of Environmental Health AU - Tuthill, A AU - Meikle, D B AU - Alavanja, MCR AD - Virginia Department of Health, Office of Water Programs, 400 South Main Street, Culpeper, VA 22701, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 16 EP - 20 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 0022-0892, 0022-0892 KW - USA, Maryland, Frederick County KW - USA, Maryland, Frederick Cty. KW - nitrate KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - A 01108:Other water systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16510181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Coliform+bacteria+and+nitrate+contamination+of+wells+in+major+soils+of+Frederick%2C+Maryland&rft.au=Tuthill%2C+A%3BMeikle%2C+D+B%3BAlavanja%2C+MCR&rft.aulast=Tuthill&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00220892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical by-products of chlorine and alternative disinfectants AN - 16451347; 4352047 AB - The chemical by-products of chlorine treatment of food and drinking water are compared to those of alternative disinfectants chlorine dioxide, ozone, and chloramine. JF - Food Technology AU - Richardson, S D AU - Thruston, AD Jr AU - Caughran, T V AU - Collette, T W AU - Patterson, K S AU - Lykins, BW Jr AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Div., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 58 VL - 52 IS - 4 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16451347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Technology&rft.atitle=Chemical+by-products+of+chlorine+and+alternative+disinfectants&rft.au=Richardson%2C+S+D%3BThruston%2C+AD+Jr%3BCaughran%2C+T+V%3BCollette%2C+T+W%3BPatterson%2C+K+S%3BLykins%2C+BW+Jr&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Technology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of radon-222 in community groundwater systems: analysis of type I left-censored data with single censoring point AN - 16433728; 4335992 AB - Community groundwater systems serve as the primary source of household water for over 81 million people in the United States. In many residences, groundwater may contain significant concentrations of radon-222, serving as a potential source of human exposure. An extensive database of measured radon concentrations in community groundwater systems is available from the National Inorganic and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS). However, estimation of key descriptive statistics and distribution functions for these data is complicated by the fact that the data are censored, that is, a portion of the NIRS samples have concentrations below the minimum reporting level of 100 pCi/L. A variety of parameter estimation techniques were investigated for fitting the NIRS data, including maximum likelihood and regression methods. In general, the NIRS data were found to be well-described by lognormal distributions. The resulting lognormal distributions, along with quantitative estimates of uncertainty, are presented for five groundwater system sizes and for eight geographic regions. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Barry, T M AU - Brattin, W J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MC 2174, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, USA, barry.timothy@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 579 EP - 603 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16433728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+radon-222+in+community+groundwater+systems%3A+analysis+of+type+I+left-censored+data+with+single+censoring+point&rft.au=Barry%2C+T+M%3BBrattin%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Czech air quality monitoring and receptor modeling study AN - 16419712; 4330174 AB - An ongoing air quality monitoring program in the Czech Republic has provided nearly continuous data for the concentrations of aerosol and gas-phase pollutants since its inception in February 1992. In addition to PM-2.5 concentrations, the concentrations of sulfate, organic carbon, elemental carbon, trace elements (Al-Pb), and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also measured. Fine particulate matter (PM-2.5) was composed mainly of organic carbon and sulfate with smaller amounts of trace metals. Coarse particle mass concentrations were typically between 10 and 30% of PM-2.5 concentrations. The chemical composition of emissions from power plants, residential space heating, local factories, and motor vehicles was also characterized. The ambient monitoring and source characterization data were then used in receptor modeling calculations, the results of which indicate that residential space heating and power plant emissions accounted for most of fine particle mass concentrations observed during winter air pollution episodes. Motor vehicles, incinerators, and windblown dust contributed to the balance of the fine particle mass. Peak 24-h average TSP and SO sub(2) concentrations (1100 and 800 mu g/m super(3), respectively) obtained at the main monitoring site at Teplice in northern Bohemia during a severe air pollution episode in 1993 were within a factor of 2 of smoke and SO sub(2) concentrations (1800 and 1600 mu g/m super(3)) measured in London during the smog episode of December 5-9, 1952. That pollution episode was thought to have contributed to a substantial increase in mortality. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Pinto, J P AU - Stevens, R K AU - Willis, R D AU - Kellogg, R AU - Mamane, Y AU - Novak, J AU - Santroch, J AU - Benes, I AU - Lenicek, J AU - Bures, V AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, pinto.joseph@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/04/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 01 SP - 843 EP - 854 VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Czech Rep. KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16419712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Czech+air+quality+monitoring+and+receptor+modeling+study&rft.au=Pinto%2C+J+P%3BStevens%2C+R+K%3BWillis%2C+R+D%3BKellogg%2C+R%3BMamane%2C+Y%3BNovak%2C+J%3BSantroch%2C+J%3BBenes%2C+I%3BLenicek%2C+J%3BBures%2C+V&rft.aulast=Pinto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of laboratory test conditions on the toxicity of silver to aquatic organisms AN - 16396821; 4307461 AB - The effects of various chemical manipulations of test water on acute toxicity of silver to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were investigated. Increases in hardness and organic carbon substantially reduced toxicity. Toxicity was also inversely related to pH and alkalinity when these parameters were jointly changed by addition of strong acid or base. The addition of 2 meq/L sodium sulfate had no significant effects, but the addition of 0.2 meq/L sodium chloride increased toxicity, perhaps related to the formation of the dissolved AgCl super(0) complex. We also evaluated the effects of static versus flow-through test conditions, feeding during exposure, and aging of test solutions before exposure on the acute toxicity of silver to fathead minnows and Daphnia magna. Static conditions and feeding reduced toxicity, likely as a result of accretion of organic carbon. Aging of test solutions had little effect. For both juvenile fathead minnows and D. magna, silver was much less toxic in water from the St. Louis River than in our normal laboratory water, presumably because of the much higher organic carbon content of the river water. This study identified some aspects of test conditions that are important in assessing the risk of silver to aquatic biota, but improved assessments will require information for more conditions, species, and endpoints. More importantly, if toxicity test results are to be extrapolated among waters with different chemistries, adequate characterization of the chemical speciation of silver and a better understanding of the mechanisms of silver toxicity and its relationship to silver speciation and other chemical factors are needed. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Erickson, R J AU - Brooke, L T AU - Kahl, MD AU - Venter, F V AU - Harting, S L AU - Markee, T P AU - Spehar, R L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804, USA, erickson.russellpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/04// PY - 1998 DA - Apr 1998 SP - 572 EP - 578 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Daphnia magna KW - Fathead minnow KW - Pimephales promelas KW - carbon KW - sodium chlorine KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - acute toxicity KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Heavy metals KW - Organic carbon KW - Freshwater KW - Toxicity tests KW - Testing procedures KW - Chemical speciation KW - pH effects KW - Toxicology KW - Daphnia KW - Exposure tolerance KW - Bioassays KW - Lethal limits KW - Toxicity testing KW - Silver KW - Acute toxicity KW - Fathead minnows KW - Alkalinity KW - Laboratory testing KW - Water pollution effects KW - Water hardness KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24161:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+laboratory+test+conditions+on+the+toxicity+of+silver+to+aquatic+organisms&rft.au=Erickson%2C+R+J%3BBrooke%2C+L+T%3BKahl%2C+MD%3BVenter%2C+F+V%3BHarting%2C+S+L%3BMarkee%2C+T+P%3BSpehar%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=572&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Issue includes papers from the Silver Toxicity Symposium. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic organisms; Heavy metals; Organic carbon; Water pollution effects; Toxicity tests; Exposure tolerance; Bioassays; Lethal limits; Water hardness; Alkalinity; Chemical speciation; pH effects; Silver; Toxicology; Laboratory testing; Acute toxicity; Toxicity testing; acute toxicity; Fathead minnows; Testing procedures; Daphnia; Pimephales promelas; Daphnia magna; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seven pillars of ecosystem management AN - 16481361; 4347681 AB - Ecosystem management is widely proposed in the popular and professional literature as the modern and preferred way of managing natural resources and ecosystems. Advocates glowingly describe ecosystem management as an approach that will protect the environment, maintain healthy ecosystems, preserve biological diversity, and ensure sustainable development. Critics scoff at the concept as a new label for old ideas. The definitions of ecosystem management are vague and clarify little. Seven core principles, or pillars, of ecosystem management define and bound the concept and provide operational meaning: (1) ecosystem management reflects a stage in the continuing evolution of social values and priorities; it is neither a beginning nor an end; (2) ecosystem management is place-based and the boundaries of the place must be clearly and formally defined; (3) ecosystem management should maintain ecosystems in the appropriate condition to achieve desired social benefits; (4) ecosystem management should take advantage of the ability of ecosystems to respond to a variety of stressors, natural and man-made, but all ecosystems have limited ability to accommodate stressors and maintain a desired state; (5) ecosystem management may or may not result in emphasis on biological diversity; (6) the term sustainability, if used at all in ecosystem management, should be clearly defined - specifically, the time frame of concern, the benefits and costs of concern, and the relative priority of the benefits and costs; and (7) scientific information is important for effective ecosystem management, but is only one element in a decision-making process that is fundamentally one of public and private choice. A definition of ecosystem management based on the seven pillars is: 'the application of ecological and social information, options, and constraints to achieve desired social benefits within a defined geographic area and over a specified period'. As with all management paradigms, there is no 'right' decision but rather those decisions that appear to best respond to society's current and future needs as expressed through a decision-making process. There are, however, wrong management decisions, including the decision not to make a decision. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Lackey, R T AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, lackey.robert@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/03/31/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 31 SP - 21 EP - 30 VL - 40 IS - 1-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16481361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Seven+pillars+of+ecosystem+management&rft.au=Lackey%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Lackey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-03-31&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ecosystem management. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of three disinfection by-products: Di- and trichloroacetic acid and chloral hydrate in L5178Y/TK super(+/-) -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells AN - 16354428; 4314161 AB - The disinfection of water, required to make it safe for human consumption, leads to the presence of halogenated organic compounds. Three of these carcinogenic `disinfection by-products', dichloroacetic acid (DCA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and chloral hydrate (CH) have been widely evaluated for their potential toxicity. The mechanism(s) by which they exert their activity and the steps in the etiology of the cancers that they induce are important pieces of information that are required to develop valid biologically-based quantitative models for risk assessment. Determining whether these chemicals induce tumors by genotoxic or nongenotoxic mechanisms (or a combination of both) is key to this evaluation. We evaluated these three chemicals for their potential to induce micronuclei and aberrations as well as mutations in L5178Y/TK +/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. TCA was mutagenic (only with S9 activation) and is one of the least potent mutagens that we have evaluated. Likewise, CH was a very weak mutagen. DCA was weakly mutagenic, with a potency (no. of induced mutants/ mu g of chemical) similar to (but less than) ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), a classic mutagen. When our information is combined with that from other studies, it seems reasonable to postulate that mutational events are involved in the etiology of the observed mouse liver tumors induced by DCA at drinking water doses of 0.5 to 3.5 g/l, and perhaps chloral hydrate at a drinking water dose of 1 g/l. The weight-of-evidence for TCA suggest that it is less likely to be a mutagenic carcinogen. However, given the fact that DCA is a weak mutagen in the present and all of the published studies, it seems unlikely that it would be mutagenic (or possibly carcinogenic) at the levels seen in finished drinking water. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Doerr, CL AU - Moore, M M AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1998/03/30/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Mar 30 SP - 265 EP - 276 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 413 IS - 3 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - chloral hydrate KW - dichloroacetic acid KW - mice KW - trichloroacetic acid KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16354428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+three+disinfection+by-products%3A+Di-+and+trichloroacetic+acid+and+chloral+hydrate+in+L5178Y%2FTK+super%28%2B%2F-%29+-3.7.2C+mouse+lymphoma+cells&rft.au=Harrington-Brock%2C+K%3BDoerr%2C+CL%3BMoore%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Harrington-Brock&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-03-30&rft.volume=413&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to several ecological receptor groups: a short review. AN - 79838439; 9570904 AB - Toxicity among TCDD isomers can vary significantly. Isomers containing four to six chlorine atoms possess the greatest potential for biological activity, as well as the highest acute toxicity. Information available in the literature focuses largely on fish and terrestrial mammal studies. Toxicity data for aquatic invertebrates and plants is wanting, and essentially no studies pertaining to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) accumulation in these organisms could be found. No data were procurable regarding TCDD toxicity in marine mammals or reptiles. Current knowledge is not sufficient to accurately characterize TCDD toxicity in ecological receptors, with quantification of uncertainty being particularly difficult given the limited base of knowledge. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Boening, D W AD - Lockheed-Martin, Port Orchard, Washington 98366, USA. boening.dean@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 155 EP - 163 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Birds -- metabolism KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Invertebrates -- drug effects KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Mammals -- metabolism KW - Fishes -- metabolism KW - Plants -- drug effects KW - Species Specificity KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79838439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+to+several+ecological+receptor+groups%3A+a+short+review.&rft.au=Boening%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Boening&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of mutations by 2-acetylaminofluorene in lacI transgenic B6C3F1 mouse liver. AN - 79834825; 9568591 AB - Mutations induced in liver cells by the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) were characterized after i.p. administration on 4 consecutive days at 100 mg/kg per injection in male B6C3F1 Big Blue transgenic mice that harbored the Escherichia coli lacI reporter gene. Animals were sacrificed at 5, 10 or 60 weeks following the last injection, livers removed and DNA packaged in vitro into bacteriophage lambda particles. The bacteriophage were assayed for lacI function by plating on E. coli in the presence of X-gal. Approximately 3 x 10(5) plaques were assayed per animal. Solvent-treated control mice exhibited a slight increase in mutant frequency over time, from 3.93 x 10(-5) at 5 weeks to 5.02 x 10(-5) at 60 weeks. In contrast, treatment with 2-AAF yielded an approximately 2-fold increase in mutant frequency at 5 and 10 weeks after treatment relative to controls, with frequencies of 8.13 x 10(-5) and 7.43 x 10(-5) respectively. However, by 60 weeks post-treatment the mutant frequency was not significantly increased over concurrent controls. Similar to results in other systems, 2-AAF induced predominantly single base changes targeted to G:C base pairs, primarily G:C-->T:A transversions (27%). In contrast to results in other bacterial and eukaryotic systems, no deletions were observed among the 2-AAF-induced mutations and the 4 base hot spot deletion that is frequently observed in lacI in E. coli was not observed in this system, suggesting that the lacI transgene may be relatively refractory to frameshift mutations in vivo in the mouse. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Ross, J A AU - Leavitt, S A AD - Biochemistry and Pathobiology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. ross.jeffrey@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 173 EP - 179 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Lac Repressors KW - Repressor Proteins KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Male KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Repressor Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79834825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+mutations+by+2-acetylaminofluorene+in+lacI+transgenic+B6C3F1+mouse+liver.&rft.au=Ross%2C+J+A%3BLeavitt%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depletion of iron and ascorbate in rodents diminishes lung injury after silica. AN - 79810224; 9555578 AB - Exposures of the lung to iron chelates can be associated with an injury. The catalysis of oxygen-based free radicals is postulated to participate in this injury. Such oxidant generation by mineral oxide particles can be dependent on availability of both iron and a reductant. We tested the study hypothesis that lung injury after silica is associated with the availability of both iron and ascorbate in the host by depleting this metal and reductant in the lungs of rats and guinea pigs, respectively. Rats were fed either a normal diet or a diet deficient of iron. After 30 days, animals were instilled with either saline or 1.0 mg Minusil-5 silica. Relative to saline, silica significantly increased neutrophils and lavage protein. Iron depletion significantly diminished both the cellular influx and injury but only at 1 week after silica exposure. Guinea pigs were provided either a normal diet supplemented with 1,000 ppm vitamin C or a diet deficient in ascorbate. After 14 days, the guinea pigs were instilled with either saline or 1.0 mg silica. Silica exposure significantly increased neutrophils and lavage protein. Ascorbate depletion significantly diminished the influx of inflammatory cells and injury at both 1 day and 1 week after silica exposure. We conclude that host concentrations of both iron and ascorbate can affect lung injury after silica exposure. JF - Experimental lung research AU - Ghio, A J AU - Kennedy, T P AU - Crissman, K M AU - Richards, J H AU - Hatch, G E AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. PY - 1998 SP - 219 EP - 232 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0190-2148, 0190-2148 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Silicosis -- prevention & control KW - Ascorbic Acid Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- prevention & control KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Iron -- deficiency KW - Ascorbic Acid -- metabolism KW - Iron -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79810224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+lung+research&rft.atitle=Depletion+of+iron+and+ascorbate+in+rodents+diminishes+lung+injury+after+silica.&rft.au=Ghio%2C+A+J%3BKennedy%2C+T+P%3BCrissman%2C+K+M%3BRichards%2C+J+H%3BHatch%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Ghio&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+lung+research&rft.issn=01902148&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adduct formation by the pesticide alachlor and its metabolite 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide (CDEPA). AN - 79764418; 9528697 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Nelson, G B AU - Ross, J A AD - Biochemistry and Pathobiology Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 387 EP - 394 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Acetanilides KW - DNA Adducts KW - Herbicides KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide KW - 6967-29-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Acetanilides -- chemistry KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Acetamides -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79764418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=DNA+adduct+formation+by+the+pesticide+alachlor+and+its+metabolite+2-chloro-N-%282%2C6-diethylphenyl%29acetamide+%28CDEPA%29.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+G+B%3BRoss%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The U.S. federal framework for research on endocrine disruptors and an analysis of research programs supported during fiscal year 1996. AN - 69244882; 9443998 AB - The potential health and ecological effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals has become a high visibility environmental issue. The 1990s have witnessed a growing concern, both on the part of the scientific community and the public, that environmental chemicals may be causing widespread effects in humans and in a variety of fish and wildlife species. This growing concern led the Committee on the Environment and Natural Resources (CENR) of the National Science and Technology Council to identify the endocrine disruptor issue as a major research initiative in early 1995 and subsequently establish an ad hoc Working Group on Endocrine Disruptors. The objectives of the working group are to 1) develop a planning framework for federal research related to human and ecological health effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals; 2) conduct an inventory of ongoing federal research programs; and 3) identify research gaps and develop a coordinated interagency plan to address priority research needs. This communication summarizes the activities of the federal government in defining a common framework for planning an endocrine disruptor research program and in assessing the status of the current effort. After developing the research framework and compiling an inventory of active research projects supported by the federal government in fiscal year 1996, the CENR working group evaluated the current federal effort by comparing the ongoing activities with the research needs identified in the framework. The analysis showed that the federal government supports considerable research on human health effects, ecological effects, and exposure assessment, with a predominance of activity occurring under human health effects. The analysis also indicates that studies on reproductive development and carcinogenesis are more prevalent than studies on neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity, that mammals (mostly laboratory animals) are the main species under study, and that chlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls are the most commonly studied chemical classes. Comparison of the inventory with the research needs should allow identification of underrepresented research areas in need of attention. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Reiter, L W AU - DeRosa, C AU - Kavlock, R J AU - Lucier, G AU - Mac, M J AU - Melillo, J AU - Melnick, R L AU - Sinks, T AU - Walton, B T AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 105 EP - 113 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Research KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Endocrine System Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Endocrine Glands -- drug effects KW - Endocrine System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69244882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+federal+framework+for+research+on+endocrine+disruptors+and+an+analysis+of+research+programs+supported+during+fiscal+year+1996.&rft.au=Reiter%2C+L+W%3BDeRosa%2C+C%3BKavlock%2C+R+J%3BLucier%2C+G%3BMac%2C+M+J%3BMelillo%2C+J%3BMelnick%2C+R+L%3BSinks%2C+T%3BWalton%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Reiter&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogeochemical and geohydrologic processes in a landfill-impacted alluvial aquifer, Norman, Oklahoma AN - 52614942; 1998-025713 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Cozzarelli, I M AU - Christenson, S C AU - Norvell, J S AU - Lucius, J E AU - Bisdorf, R J AU - Eganhouse, R P AU - Reilly, T E AU - Suflita, J M AU - Harris, S K AU - Ulrich, G AU - Puls, R W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 4 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - contaminant plumes KW - pollutants KW - landfills KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - hydrochemistry KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - Oklahoma KW - biogenic processes KW - alluvium aquifers KW - Norman Oklahoma KW - carbon KW - hydrodynamics KW - waste disposal KW - organic carbon KW - geochemistry KW - Cleveland County Oklahoma KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52614942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Biogeochemical+and+geohydrologic+processes+in+a+landfill-impacted+alluvial+aquifer%2C+Norman%2C+Oklahoma&rft.au=Cozzarelli%2C+I+M%3BChristenson%2C+S+C%3BNorvell%2C+J+S%3BLucius%2C+J+E%3BBisdorf%2C+R+J%3BEganhouse%2C+R+P%3BReilly%2C+T+E%3BSuflita%2C+J+M%3BHarris%2C+S+K%3BUlrich%2C+G%3BPuls%2C+R+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Cozzarelli&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, South-Central Section, 32nd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvium aquifers; aquifers; biogenic processes; carbon; Cleveland County Oklahoma; contaminant plumes; geochemistry; ground water; hydrochemistry; hydrodynamics; landfills; Norman Oklahoma; Oklahoma; organic carbon; pollutants; pollution; solutes; United States; waste disposal; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relation of fluvial geomorphology to the development of water quality criteria and TMDLs for sediment AN - 52450281; 1999-053985 JF - Proceedings - Annual Tennessee Water Resources Symposium AU - Pruitt, Bruce AU - Flexner, Morris AU - Able, Tony A2 - Jacks, Susan A2 - Barksdale, Susan A2 - Bean, Lana A2 - Alverson, Melissa A2 - Thomas, Linda Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 1A.7 EP - 1A.8 PB - American Water Resources Association - Tennessee Section, Nashville, TN VL - 8 KW - hydrology KW - bedload KW - water quality KW - meanders KW - stream sediments KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - rivers and streams KW - pollution KW - siltation KW - total maximum daily loads KW - habitat KW - sediments KW - fluvial features KW - turbidity KW - geomorphology KW - sinuosity KW - discharge KW - fluvial environment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52450281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Annual+Tennessee+Water+Resources+Symposium&rft.atitle=The+relation+of+fluvial+geomorphology+to+the+development+of+water+quality+criteria+and+TMDLs+for+sediment&rft.au=Pruitt%2C+Bruce%3BFlexner%2C+Morris%3BAble%2C+Tony&rft.aulast=Pruitt&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1A.7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Annual+Tennessee+Water+Resources+Symposium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eighth annual Tennessee water resources symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - TN N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04758 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedload; discharge; fluvial environment; fluvial features; geomorphology; habitat; hydrology; meanders; pollutants; pollution; rivers and streams; sediments; siltation; sinuosity; stream sediments; surface water; total maximum daily loads; turbidity; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoremediation AN - 52241050; 2001-033950 JF - Soil & Groundwater AU - Flathman, Paul E AU - Lanza, Guy AU - Rock, Steven A Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 4 EP - 33 PB - Soils, Inc., Stanley, KS VL - 1998, February-March SN - 1086-1971, 1086-1971 KW - United States KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - degradation KW - contaminant plumes KW - government agencies KW - techniques KW - chemical waste KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - rhizofiltration KW - decontamination KW - filtration KW - phytoremediation KW - heavy metals KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - pollutants KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - research KW - aquifers KW - case studies KW - organic compounds KW - industrial waste KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52241050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.atitle=Phytoremediation&rft.au=Flathman%2C+Paul+E%3BLanza%2C+Guy%3BRock%2C+Steven+A&rft.aulast=Flathman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=1998%2C+February-March&rft.issue=&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.issn=10861971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - KS N1 - SuppNotes - Guest commentary N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; aromatic hydrocarbons; bioremediation; case studies; chemical waste; contaminant plumes; decontamination; degradation; filtration; government agencies; ground water; heavy metals; hydrocarbons; industrial waste; organic compounds; phytoremediation; pollutants; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; remediation; research; rhizofiltration; soil treatment; soils; techniques; toxic materials; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytoreactors show promise in treating munitions contaminants AN - 52240017; 2001-033954 JF - Soil & Groundwater AU - Medina, Victor F AU - Rivera, Roxanne AU - Larson, Steven L AU - McCutcheon, Steven C Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 19 EP - 24 PB - Soils, Inc., Stanley, KS VL - 1998, February-March SN - 1086-1971, 1086-1971 KW - water quality KW - contaminant plumes KW - waste water KW - soil vapor extraction KW - trinitrotoluene KW - techniques KW - chemical waste KW - drinking water KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - bioaccumulation KW - explosives KW - decontamination KW - water treatment KW - phytoremediation KW - water pollution KW - soils KW - concentration KW - Plantae KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - Myriophyllum aquaticum KW - industrial waste KW - water wells KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52240017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.atitle=Phytoreactors+show+promise+in+treating+munitions+contaminants&rft.au=Medina%2C+Victor+F%3BRivera%2C+Roxanne%3BLarson%2C+Steven+L%3BMcCutcheon%2C+Steven+C&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=1998%2C+February-March&rft.issue=&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+%26+Groundwater&rft.issn=10861971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - KS N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; bioaccumulation; bioremediation; chemical waste; concentration; contaminant plumes; decontamination; drinking water; explosives; ground water; industrial waste; Myriophyllum aquaticum; organic compounds; phytoremediation; Plantae; pollution; remediation; soil treatment; soil vapor extraction; soils; techniques; trinitrotoluene; waste water; water pollution; water quality; water treatment; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brownfield site investigation using geophysics; a case history from East Chicago AN - 50914084; 1999-060503 JF - Proceedings of SAGEEP AU - Holt, Jennifer AU - Daniels, Jeffrey AU - Vendl, Mark AU - Baumgartner, Francois AU - Radzevicius, Stanley J A2 - Bell, Ronald S. A2 - Powers, Michael H. A2 - Larson, Timothy Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 389 EP - 398 PB - Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, Wheat Ridge, CO VL - 1998 KW - United States KW - Illinois KW - geophysical surveys KW - site exploration KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - geophysical methods KW - radar methods KW - pollution KW - magnetic methods KW - urban environment KW - case studies KW - East Chicago Illinois KW - decontamination KW - Chicago Illinois KW - electromagnetic methods KW - surveys KW - industry KW - brownfields KW - Cook County Illinois KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50914084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SAGEEP&rft.atitle=Brownfield+site+investigation+using+geophysics%3B+a+case+history+from+East+Chicago&rft.au=Holt%2C+Jennifer%3BDaniels%2C+Jeffrey%3BVendl%2C+Mark%3BBaumgartner%2C+Francois%3BRadzevicius%2C+Stanley+J&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=1998&rft.issue=&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+SAGEEP&rft.issn=1554-8015&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/sageep/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society 11th annual meeting , symposium on the Application of geophysics to environmental and engineering problems N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - brownfields; case studies; Chicago Illinois; Cook County Illinois; decontamination; East Chicago Illinois; electromagnetic methods; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; ground-penetrating radar; Illinois; industry; magnetic methods; pollution; radar methods; site exploration; surveys; United States; urban environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of borehole-radar methods to monitor the movement of a saline tracer in carbonate rock at Belvidere, Illinois AN - 50912586; 1999-060497 JF - Proceedings of SAGEEP AU - Lane, John W, Jr AU - Joesten, P K AU - Haeni, F P AU - Vendl, Mark AU - Yeskis, Douglas J A2 - Bell, Ronald S. A2 - Powers, Michael H. A2 - Larson, Timothy Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - March 1998 SP - 323 EP - 332 PB - Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, Wheat Ridge, CO VL - 1998 KW - United States KW - tomography KW - Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site KW - well-logging KW - salt water KW - ground water KW - fluid injection KW - sedimentary rocks KW - tracers KW - Belvidere Illinois KW - electromagnetic logging KW - sodium chloride KW - monitoring KW - Illinois KW - Superfund KW - crosshole methods KW - radar methods KW - pollution KW - Boone County Illinois KW - resistivity KW - porosity KW - boreholes KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - waste disposal KW - carbonate rocks KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50912586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SAGEEP&rft.atitle=Use+of+borehole-radar+methods+to+monitor+the+movement+of+a+saline+tracer+in+carbonate+rock+at+Belvidere%2C+Illinois&rft.au=Lane%2C+John+W%2C+Jr%3BJoesten%2C+P+K%3BHaeni%2C+F+P%3BVendl%2C+Mark%3BYeskis%2C+Douglas+J&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=1998&rft.issue=&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+SAGEEP&rft.issn=1554-8015&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/sageep/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society 11th annual meeting , symposium on the Application of geophysics to environmental and engineering problems N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Belvidere Illinois; Boone County Illinois; boreholes; carbonate rocks; crosshole methods; electromagnetic logging; fluid injection; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; Illinois; monitoring; Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site; pollution; porosity; radar methods; resistivity; salt water; sedimentary rocks; sodium chloride; Superfund; tomography; tracers; United States; waste disposal; well-logging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Quantity and Turnover of Dead Wood in Permanent Forest Plots in Six Life Zones of Venezuela AN - 16549493; 4329878 AB - Dead wood can be an important component of the carbon pool in many forests, but few measurements have been made of this pool in tropical forests. To fill this gap, we determined the quantity of dead wood (downed and standing dead) in 25 long-term (up to 30 yr) permanent forest plots located in six different life zones of Venezuela. Downed wood was separated into fine (< 10 cm in diameter) and coarse ( greater than or equal to 10 cm in diameter) classes, and three decomposition states (sound, intermediate, or rotten). The total quantity of dead wood, averaged by life zone, was lowest in the dry (2.43 Mg/ha), reached a peak in the moist (42.33 Mg/ha) and decreased slightly in the wet (34.50 Mg/ha) life zone. Most of the dead wood was in the standing dead category (about 42-76% of the total). The decomposition state of dead wood in all plots was mostly rotten (45%) or intermediate (44%); there was little sound wood (11%). Turnover rates of dead wood generally ranged between 0.03/yr to 0.52/yr with no clear trend with life zone. The large amount of dead wood in some plots was equivalent to about 20 percent or less of aboveground biomass, indicating that dead wood can represent a significant amount of carbon in these forests. JF - Biotropica AU - Delaney, M AU - Brown, S AU - Lugo, A E AU - Torres-Lezama, A AU - Quintero, N B AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 S.W. 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 2 EP - 11 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3606, 0006-3606 KW - Venezuela KW - carbon KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forests KW - Wood KW - Nutrient sources KW - Precipitation KW - Decomposition KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16549493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=The+Quantity+and+Turnover+of+Dead+Wood+in+Permanent+Forest+Plots+in+Six+Life+Zones+of+Venezuela&rft.au=Delaney%2C+M%3BBrown%2C+S%3BLugo%2C+A+E%3BTorres-Lezama%2C+A%3BQuintero%2C+N+B&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotropica&rft.issn=00063606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wood; Precipitation; Nutrient sources; Decomposition; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Barn owl prey use in Chihuahuan desert foothills AN - 16541356; 4348025 AB - From January to May, 1993 we collected 725 skulls from barn owl (Tyto alba) pellets at three active nests in foothills of the Sacramento Mountains, southern New Mexico. To estimate rodent abundance, we concurrently live-trapped 1,555 rodents, from 48 trapping grids distributed in six habitat types near the nests, and marked 1,236 of these with monel ear tags. Prey taken by owls was not concordant with any possible combination of availability. Barn owls demonstrated a considerable selectivity for Sigmodon and Perognathus, while failing to capture Chaetodipus and Peromyscus in numbers representative of their abundance. Sigmodon was abundant in only one uncommon habitat type that was not close to nests. Barn owl selection for Sigmodon indicates that they forage in favored habitat patches. Further, because Reithrodontomys and Peromyscus also occurred in this habitat but were not taken in great numbers, we also conclude that barn owls selected favored prey species within favored habitat patches. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Jorgensen, EE AU - Sell, S M AU - Demarais, S AD - US EPA, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 53 EP - 56 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Common barn-owl KW - Rodents KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Tyto alba KW - Habitat utilization KW - Food availability KW - Species composition KW - Rodentia KW - Food selection KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16541356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Barn+owl+prey+use+in+Chihuahuan+desert+foothills&rft.au=Jorgensen%2C+EE%3BSell%2C+S+M%3BDemarais%2C+S&rft.aulast=Jorgensen&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rodentia; Tyto alba; Food selection; Species composition; Food availability; Habitat utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal growth stimulation of sub-temperate estuarine phytoplankton to nitrogen and phosphorus: An outdoor microcosm experiment AN - 16512194; 4305713 AB - A study of nutrient limitation of phytoplankton biomass production with emphasis on nitrate-nitrogen (NO sub(3) super(-)) and ortho-phosphate-phosphorus (PO sub(4) super(3-)) was conducted in Perdido Bay, Alabama-Florida. The experimental design employed 18-1 outdoor microcosms operated in a static renewal mode. Phytoplankton growth responses (i.e., growth stimulation) measured as chlorophyll a (chl a) fell into three principal categories: primary P stimulation occurred mostly during the cooler months at the upper hay (tidal brackish) and mid bay (lower mesohaline) stations; a total of 12 out of 36 experiments; primary N stimulation occurred mostly during the warmer months primarily at the mid-bay station and infrequently at the upper and lower bay stations (upper mesohaline); a total of 7 out of 36 experiments; and N+P costimulation occurred primarily during the warmer months in the upper bay and mid bay and during both warmer and cooler months in the lower bay; a total of 17 out of 36 experiments. Primary P stimulation was generally associated with high ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) (ratio range: 18 to 288). Conversely, primary N stimulation was associated with decreasing DIN:DIP ratios (range 8-46). Redfield ratios of particulate organic N (PON) to particulate organic P (POP) often indicated N limitation (i.e., values often less than 10). PON:chl a ratios often indicated N sufficiency, but three occasions were noted where PON:POP and PON:chl a ratios were not congruent. It is difficult to reconcile the inorganic and organic N and P ratios with the relatively low DIP and DIN concentrations. The phytoplankton assemblage appeared not to he strongly nutrient-limited hut, given a nutrient increase, responded differentially to N and P, both seasonally and along the longitudinal salinity gradient. Grazing pressure in concert with nutrient limitation was advanced as an hypothesis to explain N+P co-limitation. JF - Estuaries AU - Flemer, DA AU - Livingston, R J AU - McGlynn, SE AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-5299, USA, flemer.davidpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 145 EP - 159 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - Nutrient requirements KW - USA, Alabama KW - USA, Florida KW - USA, Perdido Bay KW - growth KW - nitrogen KW - phosphorus KW - population dynamics KW - seasonal variations KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Particulate matter KW - Phosphorus KW - Limiting nutrients KW - Phytoplankton KW - Salinity gradients KW - Chlorophyll a KW - Population dynamics KW - Growth KW - Nutritional requirements KW - Field tests KW - Microcosms KW - Seasonal variations KW - Experimental data KW - Nutrient availability KW - Estuaries KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - Nitrogen KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - K 03009:Algae KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - D 04627:Algae/lichens KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16512194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Seasonal+growth+stimulation+of+sub-temperate+estuarine+phytoplankton+to+nitrogen+and+phosphorus%3A+An+outdoor+microcosm+experiment&rft.au=Flemer%2C+DA%3BLivingston%2C+R+J%3BMcGlynn%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Flemer&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Experimental data; Estuaries; Particulate matter; Phosphorus; Phytoplankton; Limiting nutrients; Salinity gradients; Population dynamics; Growth; Nutritional requirements; Microcosms; Nutrients (mineral); Nitrogen compounds; Seasonal variations; Nitrogen; Nutrient availability; Chlorophyll a; Field tests ER - TY - CONF T1 - Using lake sediment mercury flux ratios to evaluate the regional and continental dimensions of mercury deposition in Arctic and boreal ecosystems AN - 16506913; 4393407 AB - Anthropogenically elevated Hg deposition in Arctic and subarctic ecosystems is potentially a serious environmental problem, particularly in northern Europe and North America. To determine the magnitude of this concern, it is necessary to make an evaluation over a broad spatial scale. In the absence of an established network of atmospheric monitoring stations for Hg deposition, we have utilized sediment flux ratios derived from lake sediment profiles throughout the Arctic and subarctic to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns of Hg flux to watersheds. Total Hg mass accumulations in layers of super(210)Pb dated sediment cores collected from Finland, Sweden, Canada, U.S.A. and Russia were analyzed to construct flux ratios. Flux ratios are calculated by dividing the average recent (i.e. last similar to 10-40 yr) or industrial era Hg flux by an average pre-industrial Hg flux value. Results differ widely across the Arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. The highest flux ratios were found in regions associated with strong regional sources of atmospheric Hg emissions such as central and eastern North America and Central Europe. Lakes throughout the U.S. Arctic and the Taimyr Peninsula of Russia showed only slight ( similar to 30%) enrichment over background fluxes. Large differences existed in background Hg flux depending on the nature of the watershed geology with some lakes in Alaska exhibiting relatively high concentrations of sediment Hg without evidence of anthropogenic enrichment. In North America, there is a tendency for Hg flux ratios to increase in an southeasterly direction toward the highest concentration of continental emission sources (coal fired power plants, Chlor-alkali plants, metal smelters and waste incinerators). In northern Europe (Sweden and Finland) there is a trend of increasing Hg flux ratios in the north to south direction. Our results suggest that anthropogenic Hg deposition is the dominant regional mercury deposition process in some northern regions but of lesser importance in landscapes highly remote from urban/industrial Hg emissions. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Landers, D H AU - Gubala, C AU - Verta, M AU - Lucotte, M AU - Johansson, K AU - Vlasova, T AU - Lockhart, W L Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 919 EP - 928 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 32 IS - 5 KW - Arctic KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16506913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Using+lake+sediment+mercury+flux+ratios+to+evaluate+the+regional+and+continental+dimensions+of+mercury+deposition+in+Arctic+and+boreal+ecosystems&rft.au=Landers%2C+D+H%3BGubala%2C+C%3BVerta%2C+M%3BLucotte%2C+M%3BJohansson%2C+K%3BVlasova%2C+T%3BLockhart%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Landers&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age- and gender-related differences in the time course of behavioral and biochemical effects produced by oral chlorpyrifos in rats AN - 16409728; 4325819 AB - It is well known that young animals are generally more sensitive to lethal effects of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides, but there are sparse data comparing less-than-lethal effects. We compared the behavioral and biochemical toxicity of chlorpyrifos in young (postnatal Day 17; PND17) and adult (about 70 days old) rats. First, we established that the magnitude of the age-related differences decreased as the rat matures. Next, we evaluated the time course of a single oral dose of chlorpyrifos in adult and PND17 male and female rats. Behavioral changes were assessed using a functional observational battery (with age-appropriate modifications for pre-weanling rats) and an evaluation of motor activity. Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was measured in brain and peripheral tissues and muscarinic receptor binding assays were conducted on selected tissues. Rats received either vehicle (corn oil) or chlorpyrifos (adult dose: 80 mg/kg; PND17 dose: 15 mg/kg); these doses were equally effective in inhibiting ChE. The rats were tested, and tissues were then taken at 1, 2, 3.5, 6.5, 24, 72, 168, or 336 h after dosing. In adult rats, peak behavioral changes and ChE inhibition occurred in males at 3.5 h after dosing, while in females the onset of functional changes was sooner, the time course was more protracted and recovery was slower. In PND17 rats, maximal behavioral effects and ChE inhibition occurred at 6.5 h after dosing, and there were no gender-related differences. Behavioral changes showed partial to full recovery at 24 to 72 h, whereas ChE inhibition recovered markedly slower. Blood and brain ChE activity in young rats had nearly recovered by 1 week after dosing, whereas brain ChE in adults had not recovered at 2 weeks. Muscarinic-receptor binding assays revealed apparent down-regulation in some brain areas, mostly at 24 and 72 h. PND17 rats generally showed more receptor down-regulation than adults, whereas only adult female rats showed receptor changes in striatal tissue that persisted for 2 weeks. Thus, compared to adults (1) PND17 rats show similar behavioral changes and ChE inhibition although at a five-fold lower dose; (2) the onset of maximal effects is somewhat delayed in the young rats; (3) ChE activity tended to recover more quickly in the young rats; (4) young rats appear to have more extensive muscarinic receptor down-regulation, and (5) young rats show no gender-related differences. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Moser, V C AU - Padilla, S AU - Hunter, D L AU - Marshall, R S AU - McDaniel, K L AU - Phillips, P M AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 107 EP - 119 VL - 149 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) KW - chlorpyrifos KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24135:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16409728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Age-+and+gender-related+differences+in+the+time+course+of+behavioral+and+biochemical+effects+produced+by+oral+chlorpyrifos+in+rats&rft.au=Moser%2C+V+C%3BPadilla%2C+S%3BHunter%2C+D+L%3BMarshall%2C+R+S%3BMcDaniel%2C+K+L%3BPhillips%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aliphatic petroleum and biogenic hydrocarbons entering Narragansett Bay from tributaries under dry weather conditions AN - 16402904; 4305709 AB - The temporal variability of hydrocarbon inputs from rivers discharging into Narragansett Bay under dry weather conditions, as well as the elucidation of the types and sources of hydrocarbons found in urban rivers, has been investigated. The rivers studied, the Blackstone, the Pawtuxet, the Moshassuck, and the Woonasquatucket, constitute the majority of river flow to the estuary. The unfiltered river water samples were extracted and analyzed for total aliphatic hydrocarbons, including natural and petroleum-derived species. The results of the year-long study revealed consistent oil pollution in all of the rivers sampled. Crankcase oil was ubiquitous, but the presence as well of fuel oils and, particularly in the Moshassuck River, gasoline (or kerosene), demonstrate that these rivers are subject to considerable oil pollution stress. The average concentration of hydrocarbons was approximately 37 mu g l super(-1) which, according to some toxicologists, indicates that sensitive organisms may be under stress. In addition, most samples showed evidence of small amounts of terrigenous plant wax hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon concentrations are comparable to those in other urban rivers but are higher than in rivers from rural areas; moreover, they did not vary in any systematic way with season. The mass transport of hydrocarbons in each of the rivers generally mimicked trends in river discharge, thereby emitting the lowest mass to the estuary in the summer and increasing throughout the remainder of the year. Moreover, due primarily to relative discharge differences, the Blackstone and Pawtuxet rivers constitute 90% of the total calculated flux of hydrocarbons from all four rivers. By combining the results from this investigation with those from previous studies, it was possible to obtain an estimate of the total annual inputs of these contaminants to Narragansett Bay. Total annual loads from rivers and wastewater treatment facilities were approximately 240 mt. When sources such as wet weather inputs were included, the total increased to 420 mt yr super(-1). This value represents direct current inputs to the system and is considerably lower than previously published estimates. The current direct input estimate, while indicative of an improving situation, differs from previous estimates in that the latter were based upon calculations that approximated the long-term loadings from the watersheds, most of which are likely accumulating above the fall-lines of rivers throughout the watershed. Nevertheless, the current loadings represent a significant chronic flux of hydrocarbons to Narragansett Bay. For example, this estimate indicates that an amount equal to approximately 43% of the oil discharged into Narragansett Bay from the recent World Prodigy oil spill enters the estuary from chronic sources every year. JF - Estuaries AU - Latimer, J S AU - Quinn, J G AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, latimer.jimpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 91 EP - 107 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - USA, Narragansett Bay KW - USA, Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Water pollution sources KW - Watersheds KW - Oil spills KW - Bays KW - Rivers KW - Estuaries KW - Aliphatic compounds KW - Land use KW - ANW, USA, Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay KW - Runoff KW - Water sampling KW - Oil pollution KW - Pollution load KW - Temporal distribution KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Water pollution KW - Marine pollution KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - Mass transfer KW - Stream discharge KW - Petroleum hydrocarbons KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16402904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Aliphatic+petroleum+and+biogenic+hydrocarbons+entering+Narragansett+Bay+from+tributaries+under+dry+weather+conditions&rft.au=Latimer%2C+J+S%3BQuinn%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Latimer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Temporal distribution; Water sampling; Hydrocarbons; Estuaries; Watersheds; Land use; Water pollution; Marine pollution; Aliphatic hydrocarbons; Oil pollution; Mass transfer; Oil spills; Runoff; Bays; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Aliphatic compounds; Water pollution sources; Pollution load; Stream discharge; ANW, USA, Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichloroethylene ototoxicity: Evidence for a cochlear origin AN - 16398668; 4311099 AB - Trichloroethylene (TCE) is known to produce an unusual pattern of hearing impairment in laboratory animals marked by a preferential loss of threshold sensitivity at midfrequencies. The purpose of this research was to determine whether the TCE-induced auditory deficit results from cochlear dysfunction. Adult Long Evans hooded rats were exposed via inhalation to either 0 (clean air) or 4000 ppm TCE (6 h/day for 5 days). Auditory thresholds for 1-40 kHz tones were determined 3 weeks after exposure using reflex modification audiometry (RMA; n = 12/group). Cochlear electropotentials were measured during subsequent testing (n = 3-10/group) 5 to 7 weeks after exposure, including thresholds for cochlear action potentials (CAP) and the 1- mu V cochlear microphonic for 2-40 kHz tones, and the N sub(1) amplitude intensity function (40-90 dB SPL). Cochlear histopathology was assessed in midmodiolar preparations of a separate set of animals, exposed as before (n = 4/group). RMA testing confirmed a TCE-induced loss in midfrequency threshold sensitivity (8 and 16 kHz). CAP thresholds were elevated at midfrequencies (8 and 16 kHz) among TCE-treated subjects, along with a suppression of the N sub(1) amplitude from 50 to 90 dB SPL. The cochlear microphonic, a nonpropagated ac potential generated largely by the outer hair cells, was not affected by the TCE treatment. Cochlear histopathology revealed a loss of spiral ganglion cells that was significant in the middle turn, but not in the basal turn. There was an inconsistent loss of hair cells among treated subjects. The data suggest strongly that the behaviorally determined loss in auditory function can be accounted for by a cochlear impairment and that the spiral ganglion cell may be a prominent target of TCE. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Fechter, L D AU - Liu, Ye AU - Herr, D W AU - Crofton, K M AD - Neurotoxicology Division, MD-74B, NHEERL, USEPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, crofton.kevin@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 28 EP - 35 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - histopathology KW - rats KW - trichloroethylene KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16398668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Trichloroethylene+ototoxicity%3A+Evidence+for+a+cochlear+origin&rft.au=Fechter%2C+L+D%3BLiu%2C+Ye%3BHerr%2C+D+W%3BCrofton%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Fechter&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Thermal Regime in Tundra Plant Community Restoration AN - 16396748; 4308427 AB - Mineral extraction activities in the Arctic regions of the world produce long-lasting ecological disturbances. Assisted recovery from such disturbances may require restoration of the tundra thermal regime. We transplanted plugs of entire root zone and live tundra plants to a disturbed site in Alaska oil fields. The dominant species were Carex aquatilis, Eriophorum angustifolium, Dupontia fisheri, Poa glauca, Festuca rubra, Salix ovalifolia, S. reticulata, and Sphagnum spp. We studied plant responses in the plugs to thermal regime manipulations by means of greenhouse and of single- or double-plug treatments. All plugs continued to produce new plants with time and expanded in area and canopy volume. Plants responded differently to treatments and generally reversed those responses when we reversed the greenhouse treatment the third year after transplant. Our small-scale experiment showed that the native thermal regime of a plant community is vital in revegetating a disturbed tundra. But large-scale restoration using transplants requires resources of modern extraction technology, engineering, and planning to salvage the extensive live tundra mats now routinely destroyed under gravel fills of roads, structures, and mine-site stockpiles. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Shirazi, MA AU - Haggerty, P K AU - Hendricks, C W AU - Reporter, M AD - Western Ecology Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 111 EP - 117 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - USA, Alaska KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Thermal+Regime+in+Tundra+Plant+Community+Restoration&rft.au=Shirazi%2C+MA%3BHaggerty%2C+P+K%3BHendricks%2C+C+W%3BReporter%2C+M&rft.aulast=Shirazi&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of needle gun and abrasive blasting technologies in bridge paint removal practices AN - 16378954; 4297075 AB - This paper reviews the results of a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) study that assessed needle gun technology as an alternative to conventional abrasive blasting technology to remove lead-based paint from steel bridges in western New York State. The study analyzed the operational and logistical aspects as they relate to worker health and safety, environmental protection, hazardous waste generation, and costs as compared to those arising from conventional abrasive blasting. In this 1992 EPA study, the costs and the product quality aspects favored conventional abrasive blasting over the needle gun technology for removing lead paint. However, abrasive blasting exposed workers to airborne lead levels that exceeded Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) as established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), as well as emitting high levels of lead-contaminated dusts and debris into the environment. It was estimated that more than 500 lbs of lead-contaminated spent abrasives and paint waste were released into the environment during paint removal operations. The needle gun system reduced (up to 97.5%) the generation of hazardous waste and the airborne concentrations (up to 99%) of respirable dusts and lead-containing particulates generated during paint removal operations. However, labor costs for the needle gun were three times higher than those for abrasive blasting primarily because of slower production rates that necessitated more operating personnel. The higher labor costs of the needle gun are partially offset by the increased costs associated with the expendable abrasive blast media and hazardous waste disposal. In the EPA study, the productivity of the needle gun system was 12.2 ft super(2)/hr vs. 147.5 ft super(2)/hr for abrasive blasting. A post blast was needed for the needle gun system to meet surface preparation specifications. When factoring in the costs of full containment structures to meet OSHA's 1993 Lead Exposure in Construction regulation, the needle gun system has the potential to be economically competitive with conventional abrasive blasting. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Randall, P M AU - Kranz, P B AU - Sonntag, M L AU - Stadelmaier, JE AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 264 EP - 270 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - USA, New York KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16378954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+needle+gun+and+abrasive+blasting+technologies+in+bridge+paint+removal+practices&rft.au=Randall%2C+P+M%3BKranz%2C+P+B%3BSonntag%2C+M+L%3BStadelmaier%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification and potential role of ocean nutrient loading to Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, USA AN - 16123298; 4489737 AB - While tidal flushing helps export most of the nitrogen added to Boston Harbor (MA, USA) from land sources (>8000 mmol N m super(-2) yr super(-1); 90% in sewage effluent) to the offshore waters of Massachusetts Bay, the tidal inflow also brings material into the Harbor. For Boston Harbor and many other coastal embayments, tidal inputs must be quantified if we are to develop complete nutrient budgets. This study quantifies tidal input of nutrients and suspended solids (i.e. `ocean loading') and predicts the future role of ocean loading after sewage effluent discharge is diverted away from the Harbor to a location about 15 km into the Bay. Ocean loading is determined by simple box modeling using data sets available for the 1994 annual cycle. Critical data for modeling include a series of surveys on which high-resolution data for salinity and turbidity were collected using in situ sensors housed in a towed instrument package (i.e. a 'towfish'); surveys covered 2 transects in and out of the 2 Harbor inlets which regulate tidal exchange. Study results show that ocean loading dominates the input-output budgets of nutrients and suspended solids, generally providing more than twice the loading from present land sources. Results further suggest that, although the absolute values of ocean loading will decrease after effluent diversion, the relative contribution of the ocean to the Harbor budget will increase. Predictive modeling suggests that total nitrogen concentrations will decrease about 20% and dissolved inorganic concentrations will decrease about 50% from present levels; these predicted decreases are smaller than one would calculate if the ocean loading term of budgets were neglected. Ocean loading thus will have a role in the nature of Harbor recovery from the planned sewage diversion. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Kelly, J R AD - U.S. EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, Minnesota 55804-2595, USA, kelly.johnr@epa.gov Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 53 EP - 65 VL - 173 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - USA, Massachusetts KW - USA, Massachusetts, Boston Harbor KW - USA, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Bay KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Eutrophication KW - Nutrient loading KW - Nutrients KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Boston Harbor KW - Salinity KW - Suspended Solids KW - Quantitative Analysis KW - Sewage effluents KW - Marine KW - Surveys KW - Pollution Load KW - Coastal waters KW - Pollution surveys KW - Model Studies KW - Outfalls KW - Sewage KW - Oceans KW - Flushing KW - Wastewater Disposal KW - Harbors KW - Tidal Effects KW - Diversion KW - Turbidity KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - D 04802:Pollution characteristics and fate KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16123298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Quantification+and+potential+role+of+ocean+nutrient+loading+to+Boston+Harbor%2C+Massachusetts%2C+USA&rft.au=Kelly%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Outfalls; Pollution monitoring; Sewage; Eutrophication; Pollution surveys; Nutrient loading; Coastal waters; Sewage effluents; Prediction; Pollution Load; Surveys; Nutrients; Model Studies; Salinity; Oceans; Suspended Solids; Wastewater Disposal; Flushing; Quantitative Analysis; Harbors; Diversion; Tidal Effects; Turbidity; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Boston Harbor; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the health benefits of reducing particulate matter air pollution in the United States. AN - 79770474; 9515064 AB - Most Americans are exposed daily to airborne particulate matter (PM), a pollutant regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Current national standards are set for PM10 (particles less than 10 microns in diameter) and new standards have been promulgated for PM2.5 (particles less than 2.5 microns in diameter). Both particle sizes have been associated with mortality and morbidity in studies in the United States and elsewhere and an unambiguously safe level of ambient PM has been difficult to identify. PM10 concentrations have been reduced significantly in U.S. cities over the past two decades and relatively few locations continue to exceed national PM10 standards. However, the new PM2.5 standards will require further reductions in PM concentrations and additional expenditures for emission controls. Information about the health and economic benefits of achieving lower PM concentrations is important because: (1) expected costs of further PM reductions rise after the least-cost options are exhausted, and (2) there is uncertainty about the existence of a threshold safe level for PM. This paper develops and applies a methodology for quantifying the health benefits of potential reductions in ambient PM. Although uncertainties exist about several components of the methodology, the results indicate that the annual nationwide health benefits of achieving the new standards for PM2.5 relative to 1994-1996 ambient concentrations are likely to be between $14 billion and $55 billion annually, with a mean estimate of $32 billion. JF - Environmental research AU - Ostro, B AU - Chestnut, L AD - Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94704, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 94 EP - 106 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Index Medicus KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Health Care Costs -- statistics & numerical data KW - Bronchitis -- epidemiology KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Adult KW - Forecasting KW - Child KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cost Savings KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Air Pollution -- economics KW - Public Health -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79770474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+health+benefits+of+reducing+particulate+matter+air+pollution+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Ostro%2C+B%3BChestnut%2C+L&rft.aulast=Ostro&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cardiac arrhythmia induction after exposure to residual oil fly ash particles in a rodent model of pulmonary hypertension. AN - 79757328; 9520357 AB - Recent epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between exposure to ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and the incidence of cardiopulmonary-related morbidity and mortality. The present study examined the effects of fugitive residual oil fly ash (ROFA) PM on cardiac arrhythmia induction in healthy and cardiopulmonary-compromised rodents. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters capable of monitoring the electrocardiogram and were subjected to one of two treatment regimens. Rats in the first treatment regimen (n = 16) served as normal control animals whereas rats in the second treatment regimen (n = 16) were injected with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg, ip) to induce pulmonary vascular inflammation and hypertension and served as a model of cardiopulmonary disease. Rats within each treatment regimen were equally divided into four dose groups (0.0, 0.25, 1.0, 2.5 mg ROFA), instilled intratracheally, and monitored for 96 h. In the animals in the first treatment regimen, ROFA instillation caused dose-related increases in the incidence and duration of serious arrhythmic events that appeared to be associated with impaired atrioventricular conduction and myocardial hypoxia. There were no lethalities in the normal animals following ROFA instillation. The frequency and severity of arrhythmias were greatly exacerbated in the MCT-treated animals in the second treatment regimen and were accompanied by one, three, and two deaths in the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate substantial cardiac effects in normal and compromised rats after exposure to ROFA PM and implicate both conductive and hypoxemic arrhythmogenic mechanisms in the observed cardiac-related lethalities. These results support previous epidemiological studies that suggest a link between preexisting cardiopulmonary disease and potentiation of adverse health effects following exposure to anthropogenic particulates. Copyright 1998 Academic Press. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Watkinson, W P AU - Campen, M J AU - Costa, D L AD - Experimental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 209 EP - 216 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Coal Ash KW - Industrial Waste KW - Particulate Matter KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Male KW - Electrocardiography -- drug effects KW - Coal -- toxicity KW - Industrial Waste -- adverse effects KW - Arrhythmias, Cardiac -- chemically induced KW - Arrhythmias, Cardiac -- etiology KW - Heart -- physiology KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Carbon -- toxicity KW - Hypertension, Pulmonary -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79757328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Cardiac+arrhythmia+induction+after+exposure+to+residual+oil+fly+ash+particles+in+a+rodent+model+of+pulmonary+hypertension.&rft.au=Watkinson%2C+W+P%3BCampen%2C+M+J%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Watkinson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-28 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The EPA health risk assessment of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). AN - 79756671; 9523444 AB - This paper describes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's assessment of potential health risks associated with the possible widespread use of a manganese (Mn)-based fuel additive, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). This assessment was significant in several respects and may be instructive in identifying certain methodological issues of general relevance to risk assessment. A major feature of the inhalation health risk assessment was the derivation of Mn inhalation reference concentration (RfC) estimates using various statistical approaches, including benchmark dose and Bayesian analyses. The exposure assessment component used data from the Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM) study and other sources to estimate personal exposure levels of particulate Mn attributable to the permitted use of MMT in leaded gasoline in Riverside, CA, at the time of the PTEAM study; on this basis it was then possible to predict a distribution of possible future exposure levels associated with the use of MMT in all unleaded gasoline. Qualitative as well as quantitative aspects of the risk characterization are summarized, along with inherent uncertainties due to data limitations. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Davis, J M AU - Jarabek, A M AU - Mage, D T AU - Graham, J A AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 57 EP - 70 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Gasoline KW - 0 KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - 2-methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl KW - 12108-13-3 KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Manganese -- administration & dosage KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Gasoline -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Bayes Theorem KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Risk Assessment KW - Organometallic Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Manganese Poisoning KW - Organometallic Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79756671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=The+EPA+health+risk+assessment+of+methylcyclopentadienyl+manganese+tricarbonyl+%28MMT%29.&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+M%3BJarabek%2C+A+M%3BMage%2C+D+T%3BGraham%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air nicotine and saliva cotinine as indicators of workplace passive smoking exposure and risk. AN - 79754045; 9523445 AB - We model nicotine from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in office air and salivary cotinine in nonsmoking U.S. workers. We estimate that: an average salivary cotinine level of 0.4 ng/ml corresponds to an increased lifetime mortality risk of 1/1000 for lung cancer, and 1/100 for heart disease; > 95% of ETS-exposed office workers exceed OSHA's significant risk level for heart disease mortality, and 60% exceed significant risk for lung cancer mortality; 4000 heart disease deaths and 400 lung cancer deaths occur annually among office workers from passive smoking in the workplace, at the current 28% prevalence of unrestricted smoking in the office workplace. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Repace, J L AU - Jinot, J AU - Bayard, S AU - Emmons, K AU - Hammond, S K AD - Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. repace@erols.com Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 71 EP - 83 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Cotinine KW - K5161X06LL KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Heart Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Models, Biological KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Heart Diseases -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Heart Diseases -- etiology KW - Cotinine -- analysis KW - Cotinine -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Saliva -- chemistry KW - Nicotine -- metabolism KW - Nicotine -- analysis KW - Nicotine -- adverse effects KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- analysis KW - Cotinine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79754045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Air+nicotine+and+saliva+cotinine+as+indicators+of+workplace+passive+smoking+exposure+and+risk.&rft.au=Repace%2C+J+L%3BJinot%2C+J%3BBayard%2C+S%3BEmmons%2C+K%3BHammond%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Repace&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health impact of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins: a critical review. AN - 79747090; 9517323 AB - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), commonly known as dioxins, form as unwanted impurities in the manufacturing of chlorophenol and its derivatives--pulp and paper--and in the combustion of municipal, sewage-sludge, hospital, and hazardous waste. Combustion, in presence of a chlorine donor, seems to be a major source of these compounds. High levels of dioxins are also emitted from metallurgical industries including copper smelters, electric furnaces in steel mills, and wire reclamation incinerators. Trace levels are detectable in emissions from motor vehicles using leaded gasoline or diesel fuel, in forest fires, and in residential wood burning. Extremely persistent and widely distributed in the environment, PCDDs have been detected in all three primary and many secondary media. Releases into the air occur mainly from combustor emissions. Atmospheric dispersion, deposition, and subsequent accumulation in the food chain seem to be the major pathways of exposure to the general population. Residues of these chemicals have been detected in soil, sediment, fish, meat, cow's milk, human adipose tissue, and mothers' milk. In general, these chemicals have high lipophilicity. The elimination half-life of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in humans is approximately 7-11 years. Very little human toxicity data from exposure to PCDDs are available. Health-effect data obtained from occupational settings in humans are based on exposure to chemicals contaminated with TCDD. It produces a spectrum of toxic effects in animals and is one of the most toxic chemicals known. Most of the toxicity data available on TCDD are from high-dose oral exposures to animals. Very few percutaneous and no inhalation exposure data are available in the literature. There is a wide range of difference in sensitivity to PCDD lethality in animals. The signs and symptoms of poisoning with chemicals contaminated with TCDD in humans are analogous to those observed in animals. Dioxin exposures to humans are associated with increased risk of severe skin lesions such as chloracne and hyperpigmentation, altered liver function and lipid metabolism, general weakness associated with drastic weight loss, changes in activities of various liver enzymes, depression of the immune system, and endocrine- and nervous-system abnormalities. It is a potent teratogenic and fetotoxic chemical in animals. A very potent promoter in rat liver carcinogenesis, TCDD also causes cancers of the liver and other organs in animals. Populations occupationally or accidentally exposed to chemicals contaminated with dioxin have increased incidences of soft-tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. No comprehensive studies have been conducted to determine any health impact to the general population from environmental exposure to PCDDs. This paper presents a brief review of relevant animal and human data for projecting any possible health effects from environmental exposures to PCDDs. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) AU - Mukerjee, D AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 157 EP - 165 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- chemistry KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79747090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.atitle=Health+impact+of+polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxins%3A+a+critical+review.&rft.au=Mukerjee%2C+D&rft.aulast=Mukerjee&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neonatal ethanol exposure impairs eyeblink conditioning in weanling rats. AN - 79740037; 9514318 AB - Eyeblink conditioning depends on an identified brainstem-cerebellar circuit and may be useful in functional studies of early cerebellar damage produced by neurotoxicants. The present study asked whether binge-like neonatal ethanol exposure that damages the cerebellum would also result in eyeblink conditioning deficits. On postnatal day (PND) 23 to PND24, three groups of Long-Evans rat pups were tested for eyeblink conditioning: (1) ETOH, a group that received intragastric administration of 5.25 g/kg/day of ethanol on PND4 through PND9 via artificial rearing; (2) GC, a gastrostomy control group that received calorically matched milk formula on those days; and (3) SC, suckle controls that were reared normally with their dams. Eyeblink conditioning was severely impaired in the ethanol-treated group relative to the GC and SC groups, which did not differ. This impairment did not reflect sensory, motor, or motivational effects of ethanol treatment, because startle responses to the auditory conditioned stimulus and reflexive eyeblink responses to the unconditioned stimulus did not differ across the three treatment groups. These results suggest that neonatal binge ethanol exposure disrupted brain development in a manner that selectively impaired associative processes involved in eyeblink conditioning, consistent with alcohol-induced damage to the brainstem-cerebellar circuit necessary for this form of learning. JF - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research AU - Stanton, M E AU - Goodlett, C R AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 270 EP - 275 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0145-6008, 0145-6008 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nerve Net -- physiopathology KW - Brain Stem -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Association Learning -- drug effects KW - Association Learning -- physiology KW - Nerve Net -- drug effects KW - Weaning KW - Brain Stem -- physiopathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cerebellum -- physiopathology KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Conditioning, Classical -- physiology KW - Conditioning, Classical -- drug effects KW - Blinking -- drug effects KW - Blinking -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79740037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.atitle=Neonatal+ethanol+exposure+impairs+eyeblink+conditioning+in+weanling+rats.&rft.au=Stanton%2C+M+E%3BGoodlett%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.issn=01456008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon disulfide neurotoxicity in rats: VII. Behavioral evaluations using a functional observational battery. AN - 79720315; 9498230 AB - The neurobehavioral consequences of inhalational exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) were evaluated as part of a joint project between the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Behavioral changes in rats were measured using a functional observational battery (FOB), which is a series of observations and manipulations designed to assess the neuronal integrity of autonomic, motor, sensory, and integrative functions. Young adult male and female Fischer-344 rats were exposed to one of four CS2 concentrations (0, 50, 500, or 800 ppm, six hours/day, five days/week) and tested at the end of one of several exposure durations (two, four, eight, or 13 weeks). All rats were also tested before exposure began to obtain baseline values. Neuromuscular deficits which were more pronounced in the hindlimbs, e.g., decreased strength and gait alterations, were detected in rats of both sexes. These changes were closely related to CS2 concentration and exposure duration, with mild gait changes evident after only two weeks of exposure. Other effects, mostly observed at 13 weeks, included decreased responsiveness to a visual stimulus and mild tremors. Reactivity in response to handling was generally increased, and excitability in the open field was decreased, in rats tested after the shorter exposures (two and four weeks). Thus, the exposure-concentration and -duration characteristics of the neuromotor syndrome produced by CS2 were detected and defined using the FOB. These studies provide a more complete evaluation of rats under these CS2 exposure conditions, which can then be used to compare with other mechanistic-related endpoints from this collaborative study. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Moser, V C AU - Phillips, P M AU - Morgan, D L AU - Sills, R C AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 147 EP - 157 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Carbon Disulfide KW - S54S8B99E8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Male KW - Female KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Carbon Disulfide -- toxicity KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Nervous System -- physiopathology KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Carbon Disulfide -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79720315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Carbon+disulfide+neurotoxicity+in+rats%3A+VII.+Behavioral+evaluations+using+a+functional+observational+battery.&rft.au=Moser%2C+V+C%3BPhillips%2C+P+M%3BMorgan%2C+D+L%3BSills%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon disulfide neurotoxicity in rats: VI. Electrophysiological examination of caudal tail nerve compound action potentials and nerve conduction velocity. AN - 79718313; 9498229 AB - The effects of subchronic exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) on ventral caudal tail nerve compound nerve action potential (CNAP) amplitudes and latencies, and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in rats were examined. Male and female Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 0, 50, 500, or 800 ppm CS2 for 6 hrs/day, 5 days/week. Using separate groups, exposure duration was 2, 4, 8, or 13 weeks. Exposure to 500 or 800 ppm CS2 for 13 weeks decreased NCV compared to the 50 ppm CS2 group. CNAP amplitudes were increased, and peak P1P2 interpeak latency decreased, after exposure to 500 or 800 ppm CS2 for 13 weeks. Most of the changes in NCV and CNAPs were not attributable to differences in tail or colonic temperature. However, the increases in peak P1 amplitude may relate to the proximity of the electrodes to the tail nerves. Assessment of tail nerve morphology after 13 weeks exposure to 800 ppm CS2 revealed only minor changes compared to the extent of axonal swelling and degeneration observed in the muscular branch of the tibial nerve and axonal swelling in the spinal cord. As anticipated, in older animals the NCV increased, the CNAP amplitudes increased, and the CNAP latencies decreased. The biological basis for the changes in CNAPs produced by CS2 is under investigation. Future studies will focus on electrophysiological evaluation of spinal nerve function, to allow better correlation with pathological and behavioral endpoints. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Herr, D W AU - Vo, K T AU - Morgan, D L AU - Sills, R C AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 129 EP - 146 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Carbon Disulfide KW - S54S8B99E8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Axons -- drug effects KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Axons -- ultrastructure KW - Action Potentials -- drug effects KW - Electrophysiology KW - Rats KW - Axons -- pathology KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Colon -- physiopathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tail -- innervation KW - Peripheral Nervous System -- pathology KW - Tail -- drug effects KW - Carbon Disulfide -- toxicity KW - Neural Conduction -- drug effects KW - Peripheral Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Tail -- physiopathology KW - Peripheral Nervous System -- physiopathology KW - Carbon Disulfide -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79718313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Carbon+disulfide+neurotoxicity+in+rats%3A+VI.+Electrophysiological+examination+of+caudal+tail+nerve+compound+action+potentials+and+nerve+conduction+velocity.&rft.au=Herr%2C+D+W%3BVo%2C+K+T%3BMorgan%2C+D+L%3BSills%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Herr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Poisons and fever. AN - 79716610; 9493505 AB - 1. Dysfunction of the thermoregulatory system is one of many pathologies documented in experimental animals and humans exposed to toxic chemicals. The mechanism of action responsible for many types of poison-induced fevers is not understood. Some elevations in body temperature are attributed to the peripheral actions of some poisons that stimulate metabolic rate and cause a forced hyperthermia. Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides and certain metal fumes appears to cause a prolonged, regulated elevation in body temperature (Tb). 2. Activation of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and the production of prostaglandin (PG)E2 in central nervous system (CNS) thermoregulatory centres is required to elicit a fever. Activating the COX-PGE2 pathway by a poison may occur by one of three mechanisms: (i) induction of cell-mediated immune responses and the subsequent release of cytokines; (ii) induction of lipid peroxidation in the CNS; and (iii) direct neurochemical activation. 3. Radiotelemetric monitoring of core temperature in unstressed rodents has led to an experimental animal model of poison-induced fever. Rats administered the OP agents chlorpyrifos and diisopropyl fluorophosphate display an initial hypothermic response lasting approximately 24 h, followed by an elevation in diurnal core temperature for 24-72 h after exposure. The hyperthermia is apparently a result of the activation of the COX-PGE2 pathway because it is blocked by the anti-pyretic sodium salicylate. Overall, the delayed hyperthermia resulting from OP exposure involves activation of thermoregulatory pathways that may be similar to infection-mediated fever. JF - Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Rowsey, P J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. GORDON@HERL45.HERL.EPA.GOV Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 145 EP - 149 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0305-1870, 0305-1870 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - 0 KW - Poisons KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- toxicity KW - Fever -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79716610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+experimental+pharmacology+%26+physiology&rft.atitle=Poisons+and+fever.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BRowsey%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+experimental+pharmacology+%26+physiology&rft.issn=03051870&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary observations on responses of embryonic and larval Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, to neutral fraction biodegradation products of weathered Alaska North Slope oil. AN - 79693225; 9469861 AB - Weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANS 521) was subjected to biodegradation in vigorously stirred incubations for 14 days at 15 +/- 1 degrees C in 20/1000 salinity sterilized seawater, amended with nutrients and inoculated with a hydrocarbon-degrading microorganism (EI2V) isolated from an oil-contaminated beach in Prince William Sound, Alaska. A total of 13.7 mg/L water-soluble neutral fraction (WSF) was recovered from the incubation of weathered ANS 521. Toxicity/ teratogenicity tests were conducted with WSF recovered from the biodegradation system using embryonic and larval Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi. Exposures were begun at 4, 48, and 96 h postfertilization of herring eggs. Exposure concentrations were 1, 10, and 100% of the original concentration of WSF recovered from incubations (redissolved in 20/1000 salinity sterile seawater at 15 +/- 1 degrees C). Sterile 20/1000 salinity seawater without the addition of redissolved neutral fraction was used as a control. Significant (p < or = 0.05) embryo mortality or teratogenic responses were observed at WSF concentrations of 10 and 100%. On days 5 through 8 of embryogenesis, counts of heart contraction rates were significantly lower (p < or = 0.05) at the 100% WSF concentration for embryos exposed beginning at 4 and 48 h postfertilization. Grow-out of larvae from selected exposures was conducted. High mortality was noted in larvae exposed to the 10% WSF concentration beginning at 4 and 48 h postfertilization. Most of these larvae died 5 to 8 days after hatching when they elicited vertebral displacements at a time concurrent with the onset of feeding behavior. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Middaugh, D P AU - Shelton, M E AU - McKenney, C L AU - Cherr, G AU - Chapman, P J AU - Courtney, L A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 188 EP - 196 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Petroleum KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Larva -- growth & development KW - Petroleum -- toxicity KW - Embryonic Development KW - Fishes -- embryology KW - Water Pollution -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79693225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Preliminary+observations+on+responses+of+embryonic+and+larval+Pacific+herring%2C+Clupea+pallasi%2C+to+neutral+fraction+biodegradation+products+of+weathered+Alaska+North+Slope+oil.&rft.au=Middaugh%2C+D+P%3BShelton%2C+M+E%3BMcKenney%2C+C+L%3BCherr%2C+G%3BChapman%2C+P+J%3BCourtney%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Middaugh&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of aromatic aerobic biotransformation products of toluene to HeLa cells. AN - 79688179; 9470976 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Shen, Y AU - West, C AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma 74820, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 177 EP - 184 VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Neutral Red KW - 261QK3SSBH KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - HeLa Cells -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Toluene -- chemistry KW - Toluene -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79688179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+aromatic+aerobic+biotransformation+products+of+toluene+to+HeLa+cells.&rft.au=Shen%2C+Y%3BWest%2C+C&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of beta-defensin genes in bovine alveolar macrophages. AN - 79673103; 9453661 AB - Bovine alveolar macrophages (BAM) were examined for the expression of beta-defensins and to determine whether their expression could be upregulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as observed with beta-defensins expressed in bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Four beta-defensins were expressed constitutively in BAM, with bovine neutrophil beta-defensin (BNBD)-4 and BNBD-5 being the most predominant. This is the first evidence of beta-defensin gene expression in a mature myeloid cell. LPS had no effect on beta-defensin expression in BAM, even though tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production was induced. Nonbacterial inflammatory particles had little effect on beta-defensin gene expression or TNF-alpha production in BAM. We hypothesize that constitutively expressed beta-defensins of alveolar macrophages may have a role in lung host defense. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Ryan, L K AU - Rhodes, J AU - Bhat, M AU - Diamond, G AD - Immunotoxicology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 878 EP - 881 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Blood Proteins KW - 0 KW - Defensins KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - beta-Defensins KW - bovine neutrophil beta-defensin 12 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Base Sequence KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Blood Proteins -- physiology KW - Blood Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79673103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Expression+of+beta-defensin+genes+in+bovine+alveolar+macrophages.&rft.au=Ryan%2C+L+K%3BRhodes%2C+J%3BBhat%2C+M%3BDiamond%2C+G&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=878&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Res. 1980 Oct;23(1):121-36 [7191798] Infect Immun. 1998 Mar;66(3):1045-56 [9488394] J Clin Invest. 1986 Nov;78(5):1220-8 [3021817] J Immunol Methods. 1986 Dec 4;95(1):99-105 [3782828] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8998-9002 [2461560] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 May;139(5):1257-64 [2540688] J Leukoc Biol. 1990 Dec;48(6):549-56 [2230600] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3952-6 [2023943] Toxicol Pathol. 1991;19(4 Pt 1):398-405 [1667554] J Leukoc Biol. 1992 Aug;52(2):165-72 [1506772] Infect Immun. 1992 Nov;60(11):4720-5 [1398982] J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6641-8 [8454635] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 May 15;90(10):4596-600 [8506305] Infect Immun. 1995 Feb;63(2):381-8 [7822000] Exp Lung Res. 1994 Nov-Dec;20(6):613-25 [7882909] Science. 1995 Mar 17;267(5204):1645-8 [7886453] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995 Jun;12(6):676-83 [7539275] J Leukoc Biol. 1995 Aug;58(2):128-36 [7643008] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 29;92(18):8458-62 [7667311] Mamm Genome. 1995 Aug;6(8):554-6 [8589529] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995 Nov;13(5):547-54 [7576690] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 Apr 5;47(5):465-78 [8614016] Cell. 1996 Apr 19;85(2):229-36 [8612275] Infect Immun. 1996 May;64(5):1565-8 [8613361] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 May 14;93(10):5156-60 [8643545] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Dec;141(2):637-48 [8975789] Cell. 1997 Feb 21;88(4):553-60 [9038346] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1997 Feb 21;50(3):285-305 [9055877] Nature. 1997 Jun 26;387(6636):861 [9202117] Environ Res. 1985 Feb;36(1):67-80 [3967645] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic optimal ground water remediation by granular activated carbon AN - 52611354; 1998-028923 JF - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AU - Culver, Teresa B AU - Shenk, Gary W Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 59 EP - 64 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9496, 0733-9496 KW - granular activated carbon KW - pollutants KW - reclamation KW - pumping KW - water management KW - pollution KW - optimization KW - simulation KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - models KW - dynamics KW - pump-and-treat KW - algorithms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52611354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Dynamic+optimal+ground+water+remediation+by+granular+activated+carbon&rft.au=Culver%2C+Teresa+B%3BShenk%2C+Gary+W&rft.aulast=Culver&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.issn=07339496&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/wro/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JWRMD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; aquifers; dynamics; granular activated carbon; ground water; models; optimization; pollutants; pollution; pump-and-treat; pumping; reclamation; remediation; simulation; water management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of total mercury and methyl mercury in water, sediment, and fish from South Florida estuaries AN - 52599622; 1998-034283 JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Kannan, K AU - Smith, R G, Jr AU - Lee, R F AU - Windom, H L AU - Heitmuller, P T AU - Macauley, J M AU - Summers, J K Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 109 EP - 118 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - United States KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - Chordata KW - Everglades KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - organo-metallics KW - Florida KW - biota KW - bioaccumulation KW - Pisces KW - methylmercury KW - sediments KW - Vertebrata KW - estuarine environment KW - chemical composition KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52599622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+total+mercury+and+methyl+mercury+in+water%2C+sediment%2C+and+fish+from+South+Florida+estuaries&rft.au=Kannan%2C+K%3BSmith%2C+R+G%2C+Jr%3BLee%2C+R+F%3BWindom%2C+H+L%3BHeitmuller%2C+P+T%3BMacauley%2C+J+M%3BSummers%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Kannan&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(4rb2jbyxcwtb1he1c13ybdmm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100119,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AECTCV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioaccumulation; bioavailability; biota; chemical composition; Chordata; concentration; estuarine environment; Everglades; Florida; medical geology; methylmercury; organo-metallics; Pisces; pollutants; pollution; sediments; surface water; toxic materials; United States; Vertebrata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study on designation of acid rain and SO (sub 2) pollution control areas and policy implementation AN - 52554072; 1998-067044 JF - Zhonggou Huanjing Kexue = China Environmental Science AU - Liu, Bingjiang AU - Hao, Jiming AU - He, Kebin AU - Chai, Fahe AU - Xue, Zhigang AU - Fan, Yuansheng AU - Liu, Zi AU - Zhao, Weijun Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - China Environmental Science Press, Beijing VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1000-6923, 1000-6923 KW - sulfur dioxide KW - controls KW - Far East KW - public policy KW - impact statements KW - pollution KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - Asia KW - rain KW - China KW - acid rain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52554072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zhonggou+Huanjing+Kexue+%3D+China+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Study+on+designation+of+acid+rain+and+SO+%28sub+2%29+pollution+control+areas+and+policy+implementation&rft.au=Liu%2C+Bingjiang%3BHao%2C+Jiming%3BHe%2C+Kebin%3BChai%2C+Fahe%3BXue%2C+Zhigang%3BFan%2C+Yuansheng%3BLiu%2C+Zi%3BZhao%2C+Weijun&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Bingjiang&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zhonggou+Huanjing+Kexue+%3D+China+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=10006923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Chinese DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid rain; Asia; atmospheric precipitation; China; controls; Far East; impact statements; pollution; public policy; rain; sulfur dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional water quality characteristics of the three main aquifer types in Ohio AN - 52465841; 1999-045697 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Slattery, Linda AU - Kenah, Christopher AU - McLane, Dale AU - Stuckey, George AU - Ausich, William I Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 71 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - water supply KW - sandstone KW - buried valleys KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - sedimentary rocks KW - sampling KW - carbonate rocks KW - clastic rocks KW - Ohio KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52465841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Regional+water+quality+characteristics+of+the+three+main+aquifer+types+in+Ohio&rft.au=Slattery%2C+Linda%3BKenah%2C+Christopher%3BMcLane%2C+Dale%3BStuckey%2C+George%3BAusich%2C+William+I&rft.aulast=Slattery&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, North-Central Section and associated societies, 32nd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; buried valleys; carbonate rocks; clastic rocks; ground water; Ohio; sampling; sandstone; sedimentary rocks; United States; water quality; water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subsurface investigation and numerical modeling of a VOC-impacted Ranney Well and alluvial aquifer in Belmont County, Ohio AN - 52465418; 1999-045513 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Darr, Rick L AU - Romp, Jason M AU - Saines, Steven J AU - Ausich, William I Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 12 EP - 13 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - contaminant plumes KW - pumping KW - Belmont County Ohio KW - ground water KW - solvents KW - movement KW - sediments KW - velocity KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Ranney Well KW - Ohio KW - soils KW - water supply KW - monitoring KW - numerical models KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - MODFLOW KW - dichloroethylene KW - aquifers KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - volatile organic compounds KW - alluvium KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - water wells KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52465418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Subsurface+investigation+and+numerical+modeling+of+a+VOC-impacted+Ranney+Well+and+alluvial+aquifer+in+Belmont+County%2C+Ohio&rft.au=Darr%2C+Rick+L%3BRomp%2C+Jason+M%3BSaines%2C+Steven+J%3BAusich%2C+William+I&rft.aulast=Darr&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, North-Central Section and associated societies, 32nd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvium; aquifers; Belmont County Ohio; chlorinated hydrocarbons; clastic sediments; contaminant plumes; dichloroethylene; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; hydraulic conductivity; MODFLOW; monitoring; movement; numerical models; Ohio; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; pumping; Ranney Well; sediments; soils; solvents; United States; velocity; volatile organic compounds; volatiles; water supply; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated soil analysis; a Swedish research project AN - 52379243; 2000-025392 JF - Ambio AU - Rundgren, Sten AU - Andersson, Rune AU - Bringmark, Lage AU - Gustafsson, Kersti AU - Josefsson, Melanie AU - Torstensson, Lennart Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - February 1998 SP - 2 EP - 3 PB - Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - soils KW - monitoring KW - agricultural waste KW - pollutants KW - reclamation KW - pollution KW - bioassays KW - chemical waste KW - agrochemicals KW - waste disposal KW - chemical composition KW - mobility KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52379243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Integrated+soil+analysis%3B+a+Swedish+research+project&rft.au=Rundgren%2C+Sten%3BAndersson%2C+Rune%3BBringmark%2C+Lage%3BGustafsson%2C+Kersti%3BJosefsson%2C+Melanie%3BTorstensson%2C+Lennart&rft.aulast=Rundgren&rft.aufirst=Sten&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; agrochemicals; bioassays; chemical composition; chemical waste; mobility; monitoring; pollutants; pollution; reclamation; soils; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of improved precipitation estimates on automated runoff mapping: Eastern United States AN - 16535356; 4306528 AB - We evaluated maps of runoff created by means of two automated procedures. We implemented each procedure using precipitation estimates of both 5-km and 10-km resolution from PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model). Our goal was to determine if using the 5-km PRISM estimates would improve map accuracy. Visual inspection showed good general agreement among our runoff maps, as well as between our maps and one produced using a manual method. A quantitative uncertainty analysis comparing runoff interpolated from our maps with gage data that had been withheld showed slightly smaller actual and percentage interpolation errors for the 5-km PRISM-based maps. Our analyses suggest a modest region-wide improvement in runoff map accuracy with the use of PRISM-based precipitation estimates of 5-km (compared to 10-km) resolution. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bishop, G D AU - Church, M R AU - Daly, C AD - OAO Corporation, U.S. EPA NHEERL, 200 S.W. 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, bishopail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 159 EP - 166 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Automation KW - Hydrologic data KW - Mapping KW - Precipitation KW - Maps KW - Runoff KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16535356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Effects+of+improved+precipitation+estimates+on+automated+runoff+mapping%3A+Eastern+United+States&rft.au=Bishop%2C+G+D%3BChurch%2C+M+R%3BDaly%2C+C&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Automation; Hydrologic data; Precipitation; Mapping; Maps; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxic substances in the St. Lawrence system I: Industrial genotoxins sorbed to particulate matter in the St. Lawrence, St. Maurice, and Saguenay Rivers, Canada AN - 16463645; 4357457 AB - Previous investigations of organic genotoxins in industrial effluents discharged into the St. Lawrence River system (Quebec, Canada) indicated that a substantial fraction of the genotoxicity is adsorbed to suspended particulate matter. This study used the SOS Chromotes to investigate the presence, potency, and behavior of particle-bound genotoxins in the downstream ecosystem. The results indicate that although extracts of both suspended and sedimented particulate matter are genotoxic, suspended particulate matter samples are more potent in the absence of S9 activation, with the reverse being true for bottom sediments. The results confirmed a positive relationship between the genotoxicity of bottom sediment extracts and sediment organic matter content. A similar relationship between organic matter content and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration indicates that putative genotoxins have physicochemical properties similar to the PAH class of contaminants. Conversion of PAH values to benzo[a]pyrene equivalents indicates that measured PAHs only account for a small fraction ( similar to 10%) of the observed SOS Chromotest response. Sites that receive discharges from foundries, aluminum refineries, and petroleum refineries yielded several of the most genotoxic samples. Further analyses revealed that the genotoxicity of suspended and sedimented particulate matter extracts is empirically related to the genotoxicity of industrial discharges. Comparisons of total genotoxicity levels in suspended particulates and bottom sediments suggest that direct-acting substances adsorbed to suspended matter are rapidly degraded and/or converted to more stable progenotoxins upon deposition. Further research is required to test this hypothesis and investigate effects on indigenous biota. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - White, P A AU - Rasmussen, J B AU - Blaise, C AD - Atlantic Ecol. Div., US EPA, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02883, USA, white.paul-apamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 286 EP - 303 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Canada, St. Lawrence River KW - genotoxicity KW - industrial effluents KW - industrial pollution KW - particulate organic matter KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Particulate matter KW - Freshwater KW - Industrial wastes KW - Industrial pollution KW - Toxicology KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Industrial effluents KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Genotoxicity KW - Suspended particulate matter KW - Toxicity KW - Canada, Quebec, St. Lawrence R. KW - Pollution surveys KW - Particulate organic matter KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Organic compounds KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16463645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Genotoxic+substances+in+the+St.+Lawrence+system+I%3A+Industrial+genotoxins+sorbed+to+particulate+matter+in+the+St.+Lawrence%2C+St.+Maurice%2C+and+Saguenay+Rivers%2C+Canada&rft.au=White%2C+P+A%3BRasmussen%2C+J+B%3BBlaise%2C+C&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Industrial wastes; Particulate organic matter; Industrial effluents; Hydrocarbons; Particulate matter; Toxicity; Organic compounds; Suspended particulate matter; Pollution surveys; Toxicology; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Genotoxicity; Industrial pollution; Industrial wastewater; Canada, Quebec, St. Lawrence R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxic substances in the St. Lawrence system II: Extracts of fish and macroinvertebrates from the St. Lawrence and Saguenay Rivers, Canada AN - 16457987; 4357679 AB - Aquatic biota frequently accumulate organic contaminants and maintain steady state tissue concentrations that are as much as 10 super(5) times higher than those in the surrounding water. Although many researchers have studied the accumulation of genotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by aquatic biota, few researchers have used bioassay to investigate the accumulation of genotoxins. In several previous studies we used the SOS Chromotest to investigate the genotoxicity of industrial effluent extracts, sediment extracts, and bivalve tissue extracts. In this study we use the SOS Chromotest to investigate the accumulation of organic genotoxins by macroinvertebrates and fish in the St. Lawrence and Saguenay rivers (Quebec, Canada). Tissue concentrations of genotoxins (expressed as mu g benzo[a]pyrene genotoxic equivalents) reveal bioconcentration factors in the 10 super(2) to 10 super(3) range. Concentrations are partially determined by lipid content (r super(2) = 0.22). Lipid-normalized values indicate that genotoxin concentrations in invertebrate tissues are significantly higher than those in fish. Fish values indicate that tissue concentrations are biodiminished, with fish at higher trophic levels having lower tissue burdens of genotoxins. The biodiminution pattern observed corresponds exceptionally well with trophic position assignments made by other authors. More contaminated sites yielded less contaminated specimens. This may be due to the induction of phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes that is likely to occur at high levels of exposure. Although the results do not support PAHs as the putative genotoxins, the results do indicate that the accumulated genotoxins have similar properties. Tissue to sediment ratios of genotoxins are similar to those observed for genotoxic PAHs, and far lower than those of more persistent organochlorines. Although we did not investigate genotoxic effects, we might expect the most dramatic effects in fish that consume contaminated macroinvertebrates. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - White, P A AU - Rasmussen, J B AU - Blaise, C AD - Atlantic Ecol. Div., US Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02883, USA Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 304 EP - 316 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Canada, Quebec, St. Lawrence R. KW - Canada, St. Lawrence River KW - freshwater ecosystems KW - genotoxicity KW - particulate organic matter KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Toxicity tests KW - Pisces KW - Industrial wastes KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Industrial effluents KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Genotoxicity KW - Toxicity KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Particulate organic matter KW - Fish KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16457987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Genotoxic+substances+in+the+St.+Lawrence+system+II%3A+Extracts+of+fish+and+macroinvertebrates+from+the+St.+Lawrence+and+Saguenay+Rivers%2C+Canada&rft.au=White%2C+P+A%3BRasmussen%2C+J+B%3BBlaise%2C+C&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Bioaccumulation; Industrial wastes; Particulate organic matter; Industrial effluents; Hydrocarbons; Fish; Toxicity; Toxicity tests; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Genotoxicity; Macroinvertebrates; Pisces; Canada, Quebec, St. Lawrence R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rapid, specific membrane filtration procedure for enumeration of enterococci in recreational water AN - 16428580; 4318080 AB - A two-step membrane filter (MF) method with mE medium, upon which the membrane must be incubated for 48 h and then transferred to a substrate medium to differentiate enterococci, is recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to measure enterococci in fresh and marine recreational waters. The original mE medium was modified by reducing the triphenyltetrazolium chloride from 0.15 to 0.02 g/liter and adding 0.75 g of indoxyl beta -D-glucoside per liter. The new MF medium, mEI medium, detected levels of enterococci in 24 h comparable to those detected by the original mE medium in 48 h, with the same level of statistical confidence. In addition, the use of mEI medium eliminated the need to transfer the membrane to a substrate medium to differentiate enterococci from other genera of the fecal streptococcal group. Colonies from mEI medium were examined to determine the rates of false-positive and false-negative occurrences. mEI medium had a false-positive rate of 6.0% and a false-negative rate of 6.5%. Interlaboratory testing of the MF method with mEI medium demonstrated that the relative reproducibility standard deviations among laboratories ranged from 2.2% for marine water to 18.9% for freshwater. The comparative recovery studies, specificity determinations, and multilaboratory evaluation indicated that mEI medium has analytical performance characteristics equivalent to those of mE medium. The simplicity of use and decreased incubation time with mEI medium will facilitate the detection and quantification of enterococci in fresh and marine recreational waters. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Messer, J W AU - Dufour AD - Microbiological and Chemical Exposure Assessment Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA, Messer.James@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 678 EP - 680 VL - 64 IS - 2 KW - Enterococci KW - Enterococcus KW - enumeration KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Water Resources Abstracts KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - A 01108:Other water systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16428580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+rapid%2C+specific+membrane+filtration+procedure+for+enumeration+of+enterococci+in+recreational+water&rft.au=Messer%2C+J+W%3BDufour&rft.aulast=Messer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=678&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rodent models of cardiopulmonary disease: Their potential applicability in studies of air pollutant susceptibility AN - 16403108; 4305836 AB - The mechanisms by which increased mortality and morbidity occur in individuals with preexistent cardiopulmonary disease following acute episodes of air pollution are unknown. Studies involving air pollution effects on animal models of human cardiopulmonary diseases are both infrequent and difficult to interpret. Such models are, however, extensively used in studies of disease pathogenesis. Primarily they comprise those developed by genetic, pharmacologic, or surgical manipulations of the cardiopulmonary system. This review attempts a comprehensive description of rodent cardiopulmonary disease models in the context of their potential application to susceptibility studies of air pollutants regardless of whether the models have been previously used for such studies. The pulmonary disease models include bronchitis, emphysema, asthma/allergy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial fibrosis, and infection. The models of systemic hypertension and congestive heart failure include: those derived by genetics (spontaneously hypertensive, Dahl S, renin transgenic, and other rodent models); congestive heart failure models derived by surgical manipulations; viral myocarditis; and cardiomyopathy induced by adriamycin. The characteristic pathogenic features critical to understanding the susceptibility to inhaled toxicants are described. It is anticipated that this review will provide a ready reference for the selection of appropriate rodent models of cardiopulmonary diseases and identify not only their pathobiologic similarities and/or differences to humans but also their potential usefulness in susceptibility studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kodavanti, U P AU - Costa, D L AU - Bromberg, P A AD - Pulmonary Toxicology Branch, MD-82, Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, kodavanti.urmila@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 111 EP - 130 VL - 106 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16403108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Rodent+models+of+cardiopulmonary+disease%3A+Their+potential+applicability+in+studies+of+air+pollutant+susceptibility&rft.au=Kodavanti%2C+U+P%3BCosta%2C+D+L%3BBromberg%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Kodavanti&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological effects of low-level exposures: A perspective from U.S. EPA scientists AN - 16397636; 4305860 AB - Biological effects of low-level exposures (BELLE) may be very important in characterizing the potential health risks of environmental pollutants. Before some features of BELLE, such as effects that may be modulated by adaptive or defense mechanisms, can be taken into greater consideration in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency risk assessments, however, adequate information on a toxicant's mode of action and answers to other questions are needed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Davis, J M AU - Farland, W H AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment-RTP (MD-52), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, davis.jmichael@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 379 EP - 381 VL - 106 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - environmental hygiene KW - government policy KW - low-level exposure KW - public health KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16397636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biological+effects+of+low-level+exposures%3A+A+perspective+from+U.S.+EPA+scientists&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+M%3BFarland%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl: Health risk uncertainties and research directions AN - 16394250; 4305840 AB - With the way cleared for increased use of the fuel additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in the United States, the issue of possible public health impacts associated with this additive has gained greater attention. In assessing potential health risks of particulate Mn emitted from the combustion of MMT in gasoline, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency not only considered the qualitative types of toxic effects associated with inhaled Mn, but conducted extensive exposure-response analyses using various statistical approaches and also estimated population exposure distributions of particulate Mn based on data from an exposure study conducted in California when MMT was used in leaded gasoline. Because of limitations in available data and the need to make several assumptions and extrapolations, the resulting risk characterization had inherent uncertainties that made it impossible to estimate health risks in a definitive or quantitative manner. To support an improved health risk characterization, further investigation is needed in the areas of health effects, emission characterization, and exposure analysis. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Davis, J M AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (MD-52), Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, davis.jmichael@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 191 EP - 201 VL - 106 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - MMT KW - methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16394250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Methylcyclopentadienyl+manganese+tricarbonyl%3A+Health+risk+uncertainties+and+research+directions&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental endocrine disruption: An effects assessment and analysis AN - 16391540; 4305831 AB - This report is an overview of the current state of the science relative to environmental endocrine disruption in humans, laboratory testing, and wildlife species. Background information is presented on the field of endocrinology, the nature of hormones, and potential sites for endocrine disruption, with specific examples of chemicals affecting these sites. An attempt is made to present objectively the issue of endocrine disruption, consider working hypotheses, offer opposing viewpoints, analyze the available information, and provide a reasonable assessment of the problem. Emphasis is placed on disruption of central nervous system-pituitary integration of hormonal and sexual behavioral activity, female and male reproductive system development and function, and thyroid function. In addition, the potential role of environmental endocrine disruption in the induction of breast, testicular, and prostate cancers, as well as endometriosis, is evaluated. The interrelationship of the endocrine and immune system is documented. With respect to endocrine-related ecological effects, specific case examples from the peer-reviewed literature of marine invertebrates and representatives of the five classes of vertebrates are presented and discussed. The report identifies some data gaps in our understanding of the environmental endocrine disruption issue and recommends a few research needs. Finally, the report states the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Policy Council's interim position on endocrine disruption and lists some of the ongoing activities to deal with this matter. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Crisp, T M AU - Clegg, ED AU - Cooper, R L AU - Wood, W P AU - Anderson, D G AU - Baetcke, K P AU - Hoffmann, J L AU - Morrow AU - Rodier, D J AU - Schaeffer, JE AU - Touart, L W AU - Zeeman, M G AU - Patel, Y M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment (8623), 401 M Street SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA, crisp.thomas@epa.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 11 EP - 56 VL - 106 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16391540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Environmental+endocrine+disruption%3A+An+effects+assessment+and+analysis&rft.au=Crisp%2C+T+M%3BClegg%2C+ED%3BCooper%2C+R+L%3BWood%2C+W+P%3BAnderson%2C+D+G%3BBaetcke%2C+K+P%3BHoffmann%2C+J+L%3BMorrow%3BRodier%2C+D+J%3BSchaeffer%2C+JE%3BTouart%2C+L+W%3BZeeman%2C+M+G%3BPatel%2C+Y+M&rft.aulast=Crisp&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of interstitial water isolation methods demonstrates centrifugation with aspiration yields reduced losses of organic constituents AN - 16278178; 4269008 AB - Spiked sediment and seawater were used to evaluate the recoveries of neutral organic compounds in interstitial water (IW) separated by centrifugation and sampled using a unique aspiration system. An average recovery of 94% plus or minus 0.8% (SE, n=116) of ten polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and four chlorinated hydrocarbons was obtained from spiked estuarine IW using the aspiration system. Centrifugation of spiked sediment using the aspiration system recovered significantly higher IW concentrations of acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and DOC than did IW filtration, or in situ IW collection by fritted glass, or membrane covered, vessels. JF - Chemosphere AU - Ozretich, RJ AU - Schults, D W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, Coastal Ecology Branch, Newport, OR 97365, USA, ozretich.robertpamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 603 EP - 615 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Analytical techniques KW - acenaphthene KW - aspiration KW - fluoranthene KW - phenanthrene KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water sampling KW - Toxicants KW - Seawater KW - Analytical methods KW - Centrifugation KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - PCB KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - Sediment pollution KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Interstitial water KW - Pollutant identification KW - Comparison studies KW - Sediments KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Organic compounds KW - Sampling methods KW - O 4095:Instruments/Methods KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16278178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+interstitial+water+isolation+methods+demonstrates+centrifugation+with+aspiration+yields+reduced+losses+of+organic+constituents&rft.au=Ozretich%2C+RJ%3BSchults%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Ozretich&rft.aufirst=RJ&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Sediment pollution; Toxicants; Water sampling; Hydrocarbons; Seawater; Interstitial water; Pollutant identification; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Sediments; Centrifugation; Organic compounds; Dissolved organic carbon; PCB; Sampling methods; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; Analytical methods; Comparison studies; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-dependent effects on the disposition of monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid in the mouse after intravenous administration. AN - 79668960; 9444314 AB - The organic arsenicals monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) are the primary metabolites of inorganic arsenic, a known human carcinogen. The objective of this study was to examine if dose would affect the excretion and terminal tissue disposition of MMA and DMA in the mouse. 14C-MMA (4.84 and 484 mumol/kg) and -DMA (8.04 and 804 mumol/kg) were administered to female mice via the tail vein. The mice were placed in metabolism cages for collection of urine (1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h) and feces (24 h). The animals were then sacrificed at 24 h and tissues were removed and analyzed for radioactivity. The urine was also analyzed for parent compound and metabolites. Urinary excretion of MMA- and DMA-derived radioactivity predominated over fecal excretion. Dose did not affect the overall urinary excretion of both compounds. However, fecal excretion was significantly lower in the low-dose MMA-treated animals as opposed to in the high-dose group, whereas in the high-dose DMA-treated group excretion was lower than in the low-dose DMA group. The retention of radioactivity was low ( liver > kidney > lung. The concentration of radioactivity (% dose/g tissue) was greater in kidney than in liver, lung, and blood for both compounds. The distribution and concentration of MMA-derived radioactivity was significantly greater in the liver and lung of the high-dose group. The MMA-treated animals excreted predominantly MMA in urine and lower amounts of DMA (< 10% of the dose). The percentage excreted as DMA was significantly higher in the low-dose MMA group. In the urine of DMA-treated animals, an unstable metabolite and the parent compound were detected. Overall, it appears the dose of organic arsenical administered has a minimal effect on its excretion and terminal tissue disposition in the mouse. The rapid elimination and low retention of MMA and DMA explain in part their low acute toxicity. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Hughes, M F AU - Kenyon, E M AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. hughes.michaelf@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/01/23/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 23 SP - 95 EP - 112 VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Arsenicals KW - 0 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Herbicides KW - Cacodylic Acid KW - AJ2HL7EU8K KW - monomethylarsonic acid KW - J37VJ5709S KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Herbicides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Herbicides -- administration & dosage KW - Arsenicals -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cacodylic Acid -- pharmacokinetics KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Cacodylic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Arsenicals -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79668960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Dose-dependent+effects+on+the+disposition+of+monomethylarsonic+acid+and+dimethylarsinic+acid+in+the+mouse+after+intravenous+administration.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+M+F%3BKenyon%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-23&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the potential immunotoxicity of chlorinated drinking water in mice AN - 16394672; 4308160 AB - Recent epidemiological studies have reported associations between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and various types of human cancer; in addition, exposure to chlorine (Cl super(-)) in drinking water has been reported to suppress certain immune functions in laboratory animals. The current studies were conducted to extend our knowledge of the effects of drinking water exposure to Cl super(-). Female C57BL/6 mice were administered hyperchlorinated drinking water (7.5, 15, or 30 ppm Cl super(-)) for 2 weeks prior to sacrifice for evaluation of spleen and thymus weights, the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response, hemagglutination (HA) titer, and lymphocyte proliferation (LP). Significant reductions in organ weights and immune response were observed in the positive control groups (i.e. dexamethasone- or cyclophosphamide-exposed mice). No consistent differences were observed between the Cl super(-) exposed animals and vehicle control mice for the evaluated parameters. Thus, under the conditions of these experiments, 2 weeks of exposure to hyperchlorinated drinking water had no apparent adverse effects on immune function. JF - Toxicology AU - French, A S AU - Copeland, C B AU - Andrews, D L AU - Wiliams, W C AU - Riddle, M M AU - Luebke, R W AD - Immunotoxicology Branch, Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, MD-92, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, luebke.robert@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/01/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 16 SP - 53 EP - 58 VL - 125 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - immunotoxicity KW - mice KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16394672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+potential+immunotoxicity+of+chlorinated+drinking+water+in+mice&rft.au=French%2C+A+S%3BCopeland%2C+C+B%3BAndrews%2C+D+L%3BWiliams%2C+W+C%3BRiddle%2C+M+M%3BLuebke%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-16&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rat brain acetylcholinesterase activity: Developmental profile and maturational sensitivity to carbamate and organophosphorus inhibitors AN - 16388484; 4308156 AB - A growing body of evidence indicates that young animals exhibit an increased susceptibility to the lethal effects of cholinesterase (ChE)-inhibiting insecticides. Our laboratory is engaged in defining factors which may explain this age-related sensitivity. This report includes results from experiments designed to compare the developmental profiles, kinetic parameters and intrinsic (i.e. in vitro) sensitivity of developing male rat brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity to carbamate and organophosphorus anticholinesterases. Total ChE activity in whole brain for each age was composed of about 90% AChE and 10% butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity for the six ages examined. Brain AChE activity showed an age-related increase in V sub(max) until postnatal day 17 with no change in K sub(m) (average of all six ages similar to 72 mu M). Optimal substrate (acetylthiocholine) concentration for each age was 1 mM, and there was substrate inhibition ( approximately 10%) at 2.5 mM. IC sub(50)s (the concentration of compound that inhibits 50% of the AChE activity in 30 min at 26 degree C) defined concomitantly for postnatal day 4 and adult brain AChE using either aldicarb, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos-oxon or malaoxon were virtually identical at both ages with average IC sub(50) values being: aldicarb = 2.4 mu M, carbaryl = 1.7 mu M, chlorpyrifos-oxon = 4.9 nM and malaoxon = 140 nM. In summary, AChE in young and adult brain differs mostly in specific activity while the K sub(m)s, substrate profiles, and in vitro sensitivity to selected anticholinesterase insecticides are not different. Therefore, these data support the hypothesis that the greater sensitivity of the young animals to anticholinesterase pesticides is not due to the greater sensitivity of the target molecule AChE to these inhibitors. JF - Toxicology AU - Mortensen AU - Hooper, MJ AU - Padilla, S AD - Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Branch, Neurotoxicology Division (MD-74B), US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/01/16/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 16 SP - 13 EP - 19 VL - 125 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - organophosphorus compounds KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24135:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16388484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Rat+brain+acetylcholinesterase+activity%3A+Developmental+profile+and+maturational+sensitivity+to+carbamate+and+organophosphorus+inhibitors&rft.au=Mortensen%3BHooper%2C+MJ%3BPadilla%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mortensen&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-16&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene genotoxicity by alachlor treatment of Fischer 344 rats. AN - 79869524; 9585266 AB - Due to its widespread use as a preemergent herbicide, alachlor has been detected as a groundwater contaminant. The procarcinogen, 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT), a by-product of the munitions industry and a precursor to polyurethane production, is found in the manufacturing waste stream. This study explores the effect of alachlor treatment on the bioactivation of DNT by examining urine mutagenicity, intestinal enzymes, and hepatic DNA adducts to detect changes in metabolism. Five-week-old male rats were treated daily by gavage with 50 mg/kg of alachlor for up to 5 weeks while control animals received an equal volume of peanut oil. At 1, 3, and 5 weeks following the initial alachlor dose, animals were administered p.o. 75 mg/kg DNT or DMSO. Urine was collected for 24 hr in metabolism cages. Following incubation with sulfatase and beta-glucuronidase, urines were individually concentrated by C-18 solid phase extraction, dried under N2, and prepared for bioassay in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 with and without metabolic activation. Urine from peanut oil- and alachlor-treated rots was not mutagenic. Even though calf thymus DNA-alachlor adducts formed in vitro, no hepatic DNA adducts were detected in vivo in these two treatment groups. Interestingly, a significant increase in excretion of mutagenic urine from DNT-treated rats was observed following 3 weeks of alachlor treatment in the absence of S9 (690 +/- 130 vs. 339 +/- 28 revertants/ml) which corresponded to increased DNT-related hepatic DNA adduct formation (5.90 +/- 0.88 adducts/10(8) nucleotides vs. 10.56 x +/- 0.59 adducts/10(8) nucleotides [relative adduct level (RAL)]). Elevation in the production of mutagenic urine from control and treated animals was linked to increases in intestinal nitroreductase and beta-glucuronidase activities; however, the only significant alachlor-related effects were an increase in small intestinal 1-week beta-glucuronidase and 5-week dehydrochlorinase activities. The increased urine mutagenicity and hepatic DNA adduct formation indicates that alachlor has a transient effect on DNT bioactivation that apparently is unrelated to intestinal bioactivation. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - George, S E AU - Allison, J C AU - Brooks, L R AU - Eischen, B T AU - Kohan, M J AU - Warren, S H AU - King, L C AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. george.elizabeth@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 274 EP - 281 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Dinitrobenzenes KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Prodrugs KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - 2,6-dinitrotoluene KW - GG7FAV92MK KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Intestines -- enzymology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Urine -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Pesticide Residues -- pharmacology KW - Acetamides -- pharmacology KW - Prodrugs -- toxicity KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Prodrugs -- pharmacokinetics KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Biotransformation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79869524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+2%2C6-dinitrotoluene+genotoxicity+by+alachlor+treatment+of+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=George%2C+S+E%3BAllison%2C+J+C%3BBrooks%2C+L+R%3BEischen%2C+B+T%3BKohan%2C+M+J%3BWarren%2C+S+H%3BKing%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=274&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of unilateral removal of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons on cued target detection in rats. AN - 79748439; 9520213 AB - Corticopetal cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) were removed unilaterally from rats by infusing the cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin into the substantia innominata. After 2 weeks, the rats with right-hemisphere infusions showed signs of visuospatial neglect for targets in the left visual field in a cued visual target detection task based upon human covert orienting procedures. No behavioral effects were evident 4-6 weeks post-infusion. Ten to 22 weeks post-infusion all rats responded more quickly and less accurately to targets in the visual field contralateral to the infusion than to targets ipsilateral to the infusion: further, accuracy for contralateral targets decreased with increasing time between trial initiation and target presentation (target delay), whereas accuracy for ipsilateral targets increased with target delay. Cues did not affect responding to targets in the contralateral visual field more than to targets in the ipsilateral field. The changes in performance could not be attributed to sensory or mnemonic impairment or to response bias. The temporal characteristics of response accuracy and latency suggest the competitive interaction of two time-dependent processes: an attentional process which relies upon cholinergic input from the BF, and a response preparation process which is normally inhibited by the attentional process. These results suggest a role for corticopetal cholinergic pathways in maintaining attention to salient stimuli by inhibiting subcortical motor circuits. JF - Behavioural brain research AU - Bushnell, P J AU - Chiba, A A AU - Oshiro, W M AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. bushnell.philip@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 57 EP - 71 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0166-4328, 0166-4328 KW - 192 IgG-saporin KW - 0 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - Cholinergic Agents KW - Immunotoxins KW - Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 KW - N-Glycosyl Hydrolases KW - EC 3.2.2.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Orientation -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Conditioning, Operant -- physiology KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Histocytochemistry KW - Cholinergic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- pharmacology KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Functional Laterality KW - Visual Perception -- physiology KW - Parasympathetic Nervous System -- physiology KW - Neurons -- physiology KW - Cues KW - Parasympathetic Nervous System -- cytology KW - Prosencephalon -- physiology KW - Prosencephalon -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79748439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioural+brain+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+unilateral+removal+of+basal+forebrain+cholinergic+neurons+on+cued+target+detection+in+rats.&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J%3BChiba%2C+A+A%3BOshiro%2C+W+M&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioural+brain+research&rft.issn=01664328&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular determinants of hormone mimicry: halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon environmental agents. AN - 79697467; 9487092 AB - The potential of ostensibly structurally diverse environmental chemicals to modulate endocrine processes in biological systems has been recognized. Difficulty in classifying endocrine system modulators by chemical structure may in large part be due to lack of understanding of mechanisms of action. New developments in understanding nuclear receptor mechanisms of hormone action support a more complex mechanism, possibly involving dimerization/aggregation events leading to multimeric receptor complexes in agonist action. Because of the requirement for high structural specificity in agonist action, it is suggested that most environmental chemicals of concern are likely to function as imperfect hormones with partial agonist-antagonist properties, especially at environmentally realistic concentrations. In the absence of having appropriately placed molecular recognition domains to affect agonist action, partial agonism-antagonism may be associated with favorable low-energy conformational flexibility and complementary receptor protein flexibility. The halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons are of particular concern as hormone mimics since they often have (1) similar molecular recognition factors but in many cases relatively more flexible structures, (2) similar bulk physico-chemical properties controlling uptake and distribution in biological systems, and (3) are relatively more resistant to metabolism and elimination. Some important molecular reactivity properties underlying thyromimetic and estrogenic actions of some of these chemicals are identified and described in terms of structure-activity relationships (SARs). It is proposed that specificity of hormone action in the nucleus could be associated with differential interaction of ligand-bound receptor dimeric forms with other transcription factors specific to the target cell. The small-molecule ligand can be viewed as playing a central, multifunctional role in nuclear receptor action as an organic unmasking and reclustering agent for critical macromolecules. Evidence is discussed in support of a nuclear heterodimerization model for dioxin and related compound action involving a structural transition mechanism. These models with some molecular detail also have utility in understanding the different structural properties of agonists and antagonists. There would appear to be ample opportunities for environmental chemicals to act as antagonists for multiple receptor systems with little more than anchor-ring similarities in structure. The application of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity (3D QSAR) models incorporating such structural information should be a useful adjunct for identifying endocrine system modulating chemicals. This data has implications for (1) improved drug design, (2) understanding of chemical interaction toxicity, (3) removing undesirable chemicals from our environment, and (4) reducing their chemical release. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews AU - McKinney, J D AU - Waller, C L AD - Pharmacokinetics Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711-2055, USA. Mckinney-james@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1998 SP - 27 EP - 58 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Estrogens KW - Hormone Antagonists KW - Hormones KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated KW - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear KW - Thyroid Hormones KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Hormone Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Thyroid Hormones -- chemistry KW - Estrogens -- chemistry KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Hormones -- agonists KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- toxicity KW - Models, Molecular KW - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear -- drug effects KW - Molecular Mimicry KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79697467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.atitle=Molecular+determinants+of+hormone+mimicry%3A+halogenated+aromatic+hydrocarbon+environmental+agents.&rft.au=McKinney%2C+J+D%3BWaller%2C+C+L&rft.aulast=McKinney&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the in vitro sensitivity of rat acetylcholinesterase to chlorpyrifos-oxon: what do tissue IC50 values represent? AN - 79687310; 9465262 AB - The toxicological literature is replete with studies which have attempted to correlate differences in in vivo sensitivity to anticholinesterases with a common in vitro measure: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) IC50 values. Generally, it is assumed that these IC50 values reflect the intrinsic sensitivity of the AChE molecule to the inhibitor. Our goal was to ascertain whether differences in AChe sensitivity to an organophosphate (i.e., IC50 values) are due to varying properties of the enzyme molecule (i.e., present assumption) or to extrinsic factors. Tissue samples were obtained from immature and adult Long-Evans rats. AChE IC50 values were determined by incubating tissue homogenates with chlorpyrifos-oxon (active metabolite of chlorpyrifos, a common organophosphate insecticide) for 30 min at 26 degrees C, and then measuring residual AChE activity. The following IC50 values were noted for postnatal day 4 and adult animals, respectively: brain, 10 nM for both ages; liver, 96 and 527 nM; plasma, 18 and 326 nm. Thus, the "apparent" sensitivity of AChe was prone to vary dramatically with age and tissue type. In contrast, when AChE was isolated from the same tissues by immunoprecipitation, there were no age- or tissue- related differences (IC50 approximately equal to 3 nM in every case). These data show clearly that IC50 values from a crude homogenate do not measure the true sensitivity of AChE to the inhibitor. Presumably, for chlorpyrifos-oxon, at least, the tissue IC50 values depend greatly on a tissue's propensity to sequester or hydrolyze chlorpyrifos-oxon. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Mortensen, S R AU - Brimijoin, S AU - Hooper, M J AU - Padilla, S AD - Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 46 EP - 49 VL - 148 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate KW - 5598-15-2 KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.7 KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Aging KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Acetylcholinesterase -- metabolism KW - Chlorpyrifos -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79687310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+in+vitro+sensitivity+of+rat+acetylcholinesterase+to+chlorpyrifos-oxon%3A+what+do+tissue+IC50+values+represent%3F&rft.au=Mortensen%2C+S+R%3BBrimijoin%2C+S%3BHooper%2C+M+J%3BPadilla%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mortensen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of pesticides and toxic substances on behavioral and morphological reproductive development: endocrine versus nonendocrine mechanisms. AN - 79681319; 9460174 AB - Exposure to toxic substances or pesticides during critical perinatal developmental periods can alter reproductive and central nervous system (CNS) function in a manner that does not compromise the growth and viability of the fetus but causes functional alterations that become apparent later in life. While some "CNS/behavioral teratogens" are mutagenic or alter cell division, other chemicals produce alterations of CNS development via endocrine-mediated mechanisms. The following discussion will focus on studies conducted primarily in our laboratory that describe how pesticides and toxic substances alter development of the reproductive and central nervous systems as a consequence of organizational or activational exposures. Abnormal behavior and morphology can result from exposure to endocrine-disrupting toxicants by altering organization of the CNS during critical stages of life or activation of behavior after puberty. Some of the toxicants that alter rodent sexual differentiation include xenoestrogens, antiandrogenic pesticides, and dioxin-like toxic substances. Chemicals that alter sex-linked nonreproductive and reproductive CNS development via nonhormonal mechanisms are also discussed in order to demonstrate that multiple mechanisms of action are involved in the development of behavioral abnormalities in pre- and perinatally exposed offspring. The fact that reproductive function (behavioral, biochemical, and morphological) can be altered via such a wide variety of mechanisms indicates that hazard identification in this area cannot rely solely on the detection of endocrine activity. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Gray, L E AU - Ostby, J AD - Endocrinology Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gray@herl45.herl.epa.gov PY - 1998 SP - 159 EP - 184 VL - 14 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Genitalia -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Puberty -- drug effects KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Genitalia -- growth & development KW - Food Contamination KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sexual Behavior -- drug effects KW - Central Nervous System -- growth & development KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Central Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Neurosecretory Systems -- drug effects KW - Pesticides -- pharmacology KW - Neurosecretory Systems -- growth & development KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79681319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Effects+of+pesticides+and+toxic+substances+on+behavioral+and+morphological+reproductive+development%3A+endocrine+versus+nonendocrine+mechanisms.&rft.au=Gray%2C+L+E%3BOstby%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of a benthic euryhaline amphipod, Corophium sp., as a sediment toxicity testing organism for both freshwater and estuarine systems. AN - 79634788; 9419270 AB - The use of an as-yet-undescribed euryhaline Corophium sp. amphipod as a sediment toxicity testing organism was assessed. The species was found to be ubiquitous in many tidal areas of the Hawkesbury River catchment. The salinity of habitat sites ranged from 0.1 to 24 ppt, sediment total organic carbon (TOC) ranged from 0.4% to 3.5%, and the fines content (< 63 micron particle size) of the sediment ranged from 4.3% to 47.6%. Monitored populations ranged from a density of 59 to 6622 individuals per m2, with freshwater sites with a sediment fines content greater than 20% having the highest population densities. The sensitivity of the Corophium sp. was assessed by using copper chloride and ammonium chloride as reference toxicants in a 96-h static water-only test and a 10-day static sediment test. The LC50 for copper in freshwater-only exposures was 80 to 86 microg/L, using adult animals collected from the field. In contrast, the LC50 for copper in freshwater sediment and the sediment pore water were 840 mg/kg (dry weight) and 99 microg/L, respectively. The LC50 for ammonia (total) in freshwater-only at pH 7 was 5.5 mg/L. In contrast, the LC50 for ammonia (total) in freshwater sediment and the sediment pore water were 110 mg/kg (dry weight) and 6 mg/L, respectively. Laboratory cultures of 5 per thousand to 15 per thousand salinity were optimal for supporting the release of juveniles. Juveniles collected from laboratory cultures had a LC50 for copper in 5 per thousand and 10 per thousand salinity of 9 microg/L and 28.5 microg/L, respectively, in water-only exposures. The juveniles would be suitable for use in the development of a chronic sediment toxicity test with growth as the endpoint. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Hyne, R V AU - Everett, D A AD - Ecotoxicology Section, Environment Protection Authority NSW, EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, Westbourne St, Gore Hill, NSW, 2065, Australia. Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 26 EP - 33 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Particle Size KW - Copper -- analysis KW - Geologic Sediments -- chemistry KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Crustacea -- growth & development KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Crustacea -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79634788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Application+of+a+benthic+euryhaline+amphipod%2C+Corophium+sp.%2C+as+a+sediment+toxicity+testing+organism+for+both+freshwater+and+estuarine+systems.&rft.au=Hyne%2C+R+V%3BEverett%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Hyne&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of pollutants in a municipal well using high resolution mass spectrometry. AN - 73901382; 9737007 AB - An elevated incidence of childhood cancer was observed near a contaminated site. Trace amounts of several isomeric compounds were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in a concentrated extract of municipal well water. No matching library mass spectra were found and Fourier transform IR and NMR analyses were not feasible due to the low concentration of the compounds. Mass peak profiling from selected-ion-recording data (MPPSIRD) provided the sensitivity and scan speed necessary to acquire mass peak profiles at mass resolutions of 10,000 to 20,000 for the molecular ion (M+) and 10 fragment ions as capillary GC peaks eluted. Using a profile generation model (PGM), the elemental composition of the molecular ion was determined from the exact masses and abundances of the M, M + 1 and M + 2 profiles. Fragment ion compositions were determined from their exact masses based on the elements in the molecular ion. Exact mass differences between the molecular and fragment ions corresponded to unique combinations of atoms for the neutral losses. Consequent reduction of the number of possible structures for the fragment ions simplified mass spectral interpretation. After inspecting library mass spectra for smaller molecules, isomeric structures were hypothesized with cyano and alkylcyano groups attached to tetralin. A literature search found such isomers produced by an industrial polymer synthesis. Three isomers in a standard form polymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile provided the same mass spectra and GC retention times as isomers in the extract. JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Grange, A H AU - Sovocool, G W AU - Donnelly, J R AU - Genicola, F A AU - Gurka, D F AD - USEPA, NERL, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 1161 EP - 1169 VL - 12 IS - 17 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Acrylonitrile KW - MP1U0D42PE KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Acrylonitrile -- analysis KW - Isomerism KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73901382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Identification+of+pollutants+in+a+municipal+well+using+high+resolution+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Grange%2C+A+H%3BSovocool%2C+G+W%3BDonnelly%2C+J+R%3BGenicola%2C+F+A%3BGurka%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Grange&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 1998;12(23):1978 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiandrogens as environmental endocrine disruptors. AN - 73896572; 9727600 AB - Steroid hormone receptors control fundamental events in embryonic development and sex differentiation through their function as ligand-inducible transcription factors. The consequences of disrupting these processes can be especially profound during development due to the crucial role hormones play in controlling transient and irreversible developmental processes. Several environmental chemicals, including metabolites of the fungicide vinclozolin and the pesticide DDT, disrupt male reproductive development and function by inhibiting androgen receptor mediated events. A variety of in vitro and in vivo approaches have been used to determine the molecular basis of environmental antiandrogen toxicity. These chemicals commonly bind androgen receptor with moderate affinity and act as antagonists by inhibiting transcription of androgen dependent genes. JF - Reproduction, fertility, and development AU - Kelce, W R AU - Gray, L E AU - Wilson, E M AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. wkelce@med.unc.edu Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 105 EP - 111 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1031-3613, 1031-3613 KW - Androgen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Androgen Receptor Antagonists KW - Androgens KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Receptors, Androgen KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Androgens -- physiology KW - Sex Differentiation -- physiology KW - Receptors, Androgen -- physiology KW - Male KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73896572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproduction%2C+fertility%2C+and+development&rft.atitle=Antiandrogens+as+environmental+endocrine+disruptors.&rft.au=Kelce%2C+W+R%3BGray%2C+L+E%3BWilson%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Kelce&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproduction%2C+fertility%2C+and+development&rft.issn=10313613&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isopropylbenzene catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas putida RE204: nucleotide sequence analysis of the ipb operon and neighboring DNA from pRE4. AN - 70062293; 9821257 AB - Pseudomonas putida RE204 employs a set of plasmid-specified enzymes in the catabolism of isopropylbenzene (cumene) and related alkylbenzenes. A 21,768 bp segment of the plasmid pRE4, whose sequence is discussed here, includes the ipb (isopropylbenzene catabolic) operon as well as associated genetic elements. The ipb operon, ipbAaAbAcAdBCEGFHD, encodes enzymes catalyzing the conversion of isopropylbenzene to isobutyrate, pyruvate, and acetyl-coenzyme A as well as an outer membrane protein (IpbH) of uncertain function. These gene products are 75 to 91% identical to those encoded by other isopropylbenzene catabolic operons and are somewhat less similar to analogous proteins of related pathways for the catabolism of mono-substituted benzenes. Upstream of ipbAa, ipbR encodes a positive regulatory protein which has about 56% identity to XylS regulatory proteins of TOL (xylene/toluate) catabolic plasmids. This similarity and that of the DNA sequence in the proposed ipb operator-promoter region (ipbOP) to the same region of the xyl meta operon (xylOmPm) suggest that, although the IpbR and XylS regulatory proteins recognize very different inducers, their interactions with DNA to activate gene expression are similar. Upstream of ipbR is an 1196 bp insertion sequence, IS1543, related to IS52 and IS1406. Separating ipbR from ipbAa are 3 additional tightly clustered IS elements. These are IS1544, related to IS1543, IS52, and other members of the IS5 family; IS1545, related to IS1240; and IS1546, related to IS1491. Encompassing the ipb catabolic genes and the other genetic elements and separated from each other by 18,492 bp, are two identical, directly repeated 1007 bp DNA segments. Homologous recombination between these segments appears to be responsible for the occasional deletion of the intervening DNA from pRE4. JF - Biodegradation AU - Eaton, R W AU - Selifonova, O V AU - Gedney, R M AD - Gulf Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, (NHEERL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 119 EP - 132 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0923-9820, 0923-9820 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - cumene KW - 8Q54S3XE7K KW - Oxygenases KW - EC 1.13.- KW - Dioxygenases KW - EC 1.13.11.- KW - isopropylbenzene dioxygenase KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Catalytic Domain KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Plasmids KW - Pseudomonas putida -- metabolism KW - DNA, Bacterial -- chemistry KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Benzene Derivatives -- metabolism KW - Operon -- genetics KW - DNA, Bacterial -- metabolism KW - Pseudomonas putida -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70062293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Isopropylbenzene+catabolic+pathway+in+Pseudomonas+putida+RE204%3A+nucleotide+sequence+analysis+of+the+ipb+operon+and+neighboring+DNA+from+pRE4.&rft.au=Eaton%2C+R+W%3BSelifonova%2C+O+V%3BGedney%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodegradation&rft.issn=09239820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An exploratory look at hydrocarbon data from the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations network. AN - 69260537; 15656001 AB - This paper describes some characteristics of speciated nonmethane organic compound (NMOC) data collected in 1994 at five Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) and archived in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS). Topics include data completeness, distribution of individual NMOCs in concentration categories relative to minimum detectable levels, percentage of total NMOC associated with the sum of the 55 PAMS target compounds, and use of scatterplots to diagnose chromatographic misidentification of compounds. This is an early examination of a database that is expanding rapidly, and the insights presented here may be useful to both the producers and future users of the data for establishing consistency and quality control. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) AU - Lewis, C W AU - Henry, R C AU - Shreffler, J H AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. lewis.charlesw@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 71 EP - 76 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Photochemistry KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Data Collection KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69260537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.atitle=An+exploratory+look+at+hydrocarbon+data+from+the+Photochemical+Assessment+Monitoring+Stations+network.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+C+W%3BHenry%2C+R+C%3BShreffler%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%281995%29&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protective mechanisms in germ cells: stress proteins in spermatogenesis. AN - 69179096; 10026943 AB - A wide range of environmental exposures trigger protective mechanisms in reproductive tissues which are mediated by stress or heat shock proteins (HSPs). These stress proteins maintain normal cellular functions such as protein synthesis, as well as assist in resisting and recovering from toxicant-induced cellular damage. Over the past decade a number of laboratories have examined the expression and potential functions of these stress proteins during gametogenesis (reviewed in Dix, 1997a) and in reproductive toxicology (Dix, 1997b). This paper reviews the expression of HSPs in testes, presents a detailed analysis of the function of Hsp70-2 during the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis, and concludes with a discussion of stress-inducible HSPs and putative protective mechanisms. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Dix, D J AU - Hong, R L AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, Natl. Health and Environmental Effects Res. Lab., US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 137 EP - 43; discussion 143-4 VL - 444 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Mice, Knockout KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- genetics KW - Testis -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- physiology KW - Testis -- pathology KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- physiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- deficiency KW - Spermatogenesis -- drug effects KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69179096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Protective+mechanisms+in+germ+cells%3A+stress+proteins+in+spermatogenesis.&rft.au=Dix%2C+D+J%3BHong%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Dix&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=444&rft.issue=&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-03-10 N1 - Date created - 1999-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of boric acid on axial skeletal development in rats. AN - 69178918; 10050931 AB - Prenatal exposure to elevated levels of boric acid (BA) causes reduced incidences of supernumerary ribs and shortening/absence of the 13th rib in multiple laboratory species. To explore this further, Sprague-Dawley rats received 500 mg/kg b.i.d. on gestation days (gd) 5-9, 6-9, 6-10, or on single days between gd 6 and 11 (plug day = gd 0); gd-21 fetuses were stained for skeletal examination. Following multiday exposures, malformations of the axial skeleton involved the head, sternum, ribs, and vertebrae. Shortening/absence of the 13th rib was seen particularly in the gd 5-9 and 6-10 exposure groups. Although most groups exposed on single days were generally unaffected, about 90% of the gd-9 exposed fetuses had only six cervical vertebrae; the deficient region was usually C3-C5. In contrast, gd-10 treatment caused agenesis of a thoracic/lumbar vertebra in over 60% of the fetuses; the deficient region was usually T11. For 13-ribbed fetuses, the length of rib 13 was shortened compared to controls. Postnatal assessment suggested increased mortality for gd-10 exposed pups. Embryos in culture showed reduced development when exposed to BA for 48 h. These findings demonstrate the critical periods for axial development in the rat and provide an experimental model for the study of homeotic shifts. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Narotsky, M G AU - Schmid, J E AU - Andrews, J E AU - Kavlock, R J AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 373 EP - 394 VL - 66 IS - 1-3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Boric Acids KW - 0 KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Spine -- abnormalities KW - Ribs -- abnormalities KW - Fetal Viability -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Somites -- drug effects KW - Boric Acids -- toxicity KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69178918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+boric+acid+on+axial+skeletal+development+in+rats.&rft.au=Narotsky%2C+M+G%3BSchmid%2C+J+E%3BAndrews%2C+J+E%3BKavlock%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Narotsky&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date created - 1999-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reductive splitting of humic substances with dry hydrogen iodide AN - 52593051; 1998-041343 JF - Organic Geochemistry AU - Akim, Leonid G AU - Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe AU - Bailey, George W Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 325 EP - 336 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0146-6380, 0146-6380 KW - United States KW - soils KW - lignin KW - humification KW - humic acids KW - NMR spectra KW - oligomers KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - humic substances KW - hydrogen iodide KW - chemical reactions KW - reductive splitting KW - Suwannee River KW - carbohydrates KW - spectra KW - fulvic acids KW - geochemistry KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52593051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Organic+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Reductive+splitting+of+humic+substances+with+dry+hydrogen+iodide&rft.au=Akim%2C+Leonid+G%3BSchmitt-Kopplin%2C+Philippe%3BBailey%2C+George+W&rft.aulast=Akim&rft.aufirst=Leonid&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Organic+Geochemistry&rft.issn=01466380&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01466380 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbohydrates; chemical reactions; fulvic acids; geochemistry; humic acids; humic substances; humification; hydrogen iodide; lignin; NMR spectra; oligomers; organic acids; organic compounds; reductive splitting; soils; spectra; Suwannee River; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life cycle and behavioural assessments of the influence of substrate particle size on Chironomus tentans (Diptera; Chironomidae) in laboratory assays AN - 52578522; 1998-049796 JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Sibley, Paul K AU - Benoit, Duane A AU - Ankley, Gerald T Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht VL - 361 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - clay KW - Chironomidae KW - development KW - Neoptera KW - Pterygota KW - environmental analysis KW - substrates KW - laboratory studies KW - toxicity KW - Chironomus tentans KW - sediments KW - Invertebrata KW - Endopterygota KW - ecology KW - Insecta KW - experimental studies KW - clastic sediments KW - variance analysis KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - fresh-water environment KW - distribution KW - size KW - Arthropoda KW - larvae KW - Mandibulata KW - Diptera KW - biological cycle KW - particles KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52578522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Life+cycle+and+behavioural+assessments+of+the+influence+of+substrate+particle+size+on+Chironomus+tentans+%28Diptera%3B+Chironomidae%29+in+laboratory+assays&rft.au=Sibley%2C+Paul+K%3BBenoit%2C+Duane+A%3BAnkley%2C+Gerald+T&rft.aulast=Sibley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=361&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100271/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - HYDRB8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arthropoda; biological cycle; Chironomidae; Chironomus tentans; clastic sediments; clay; development; Diptera; distribution; ecology; Endopterygota; environmental analysis; experimental studies; fresh-water environment; grain size; Insecta; Invertebrata; laboratory studies; larvae; Mandibulata; Neoptera; particles; Pterygota; sediments; size; statistical analysis; substrates; toxicity; variance analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of electrical conductivity in measuring soluble mineral content of soil AN - 52577612; 1998-052424 AB - Soils with soluble salts occur in arid regions worldwide. Depending on the amount of soluble salts present, treatment of these soils may be needed before construction. Soluble salt content is determined by leaching the soluble minerals from a specimen. One of the ways to estimate soluble salt content is to measure the electrical conductivity of the leachate and correlate the conductivity with the dissolved solids in solution. If specimens are leached with an insufficient amount of water, some of the salt present in the soil may not dissolve, causing the amount of soluble salts to be underestimated. Electrical conductivity measurements also can be used to detect this condition and water can be added until an unsaturated solution is obtained. Then the volume of water used to determine soluble salt content can be adjusted accordingly. Using this approach, five different soils from Las Vegas, Nevada, were evaluated over a series of water-soil dilution ratios from 2:1 to 100:1. In two cases, the 2:1 dilution was adequate, but for the other three it was not. Soil "M" exemplified this best: percent soluble salts increased from 1 percent measured at a 5:1 dilution (indicating a leave-in-place/no action recommendation) to 7 percent at a 100:1 dilution (indicating a removal recommendation). This result illustrates the importance of using an unsaturated dilution for determining soluble salt content. JF - Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Engineering AU - Karakouzian, Moses AU - Pitchford, Ann AU - Johnson, Brian A2 - Schultz, Richard A. A2 - Siddharthan, Raj V. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 129 EP - 134 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 33 KW - United States KW - soil mechanics KW - electrical conductivity KW - statistical analysis KW - Clark County Nevada KW - solubility KW - measurement KW - engineering geology KW - Las Vegas Valley KW - Western U.S. KW - Las Vegas Nevada KW - applications KW - regression analysis KW - Nevada KW - minerals KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52577612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Engineering+Geology+and+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Application+of+electrical+conductivity+in+measuring+soluble+mineral+content+of+soil&rft.au=Karakouzian%2C+Moses%3BPitchford%2C+Ann%3BJohnson%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Karakouzian&rft.aufirst=Moses&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Engineering+Geology+and+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 33rd symposium on Engineering geology and geotechnical engineering N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #02957 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; Clark County Nevada; electrical conductivity; engineering geology; Las Vegas Nevada; Las Vegas Valley; measurement; minerals; Nevada; regression analysis; soil mechanics; solubility; statistical analysis; United States; Western U.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nontarget ecological effects of plant, microbial, and chemical introductions to terrestrial systems AN - 52548167; 1998-072848 JF - SSSA Special Publication AU - Watrud, Lidia S AU - Seidler, Ramon J A2 - Huang, P. M. A2 - Adriano, D. C. A2 - Logan, T. J. A2 - Checkai, R. T. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 313 EP - 340 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 52 SN - 1063-2565, 1063-2565 KW - fertilizers KW - terrestrial environment KW - Pseudomonas KW - fungicides KW - ecosystems KW - algae KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - remediation KW - food crops KW - pests KW - fungi KW - chemical reactions KW - open systems KW - agrochemicals KW - biofertilizers KW - ecology KW - Bacillus KW - soils KW - cyanobacteria KW - insecticides KW - Plantae KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - horticulture KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - transgenic organisms KW - bacteria KW - biological insecticides KW - pesticides KW - microorganisms KW - genetically engineered microorganisms KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52548167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.atitle=Nontarget+ecological+effects+of+plant%2C+microbial%2C+and+chemical+introductions+to+terrestrial+systems&rft.au=Watrud%2C+Lidia+S%3BSeidler%2C+Ramon+J&rft.aulast=Watrud&rft.aufirst=Lidia&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SSSA+Special+Publication&rft.issn=10632565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Soil Science Society of America meetings; Workshop on Soil chemistry and ecosystem health N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 140 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 9 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; agrochemicals; algae; Bacillus; bacteria; biofertilizers; biological insecticides; bioremediation; chemical reactions; cyanobacteria; ecology; ecosystems; environmental analysis; environmental effects; fertilizers; food crops; fungi; fungicides; genetically engineered microorganisms; herbicides; horticulture; insecticides; microorganisms; open systems; pesticides; pests; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; Pseudomonas; remediation; soils; terrestrial environment; transgenic organisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is coal an important source of trace elements in the environment? AN - 52499417; 1999-024630 AB - With the passage of the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act, coal has attracted considerable attention as a significant anthropogenic source of trace elements in the United States. The amount of potentially harmful trace elements mobilized annually by coal combustion in the U. S. ranges from about 500,000 tons for Cl to 100 tons for Hg. However, the contribution of coal emissions to the atmosphere is relatively small for most environmentally significant elements. According to 1990 data from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), emissions from coal combustion account for about 1.5% of the Pb, 2.5% of the Ni, 2.5% of the Cd, 4% of the As, 5% of the Cr, 34% of the Hg (1994 data), and 37.5% of the Se contributed to our atmosphere annually from anthropogenic sources. Of these elements, the EPA deems Hg to be a priority for further research and monitoring. Except for volatile elements such as Hg, Se, Cl and F, most of the trace elements from coal are concentrated in beneficiation residues and coal combustion byproducts (fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue-gas desulfurization sludge). Some of these byproducts are used, primarily by the construction industry, but most are buried in landfills. Field and laboratory studies indicate limited mobilization of trace elements from the landfills. The situation is very different in countries without the environmental safeguards of burning relatively clean coal, and employing sophisticated pollution control and byproduct disposal technology. Although current data are lacking, it is evident that in many developing countries the proportion of these elements contributed to the environment by coal combustion is considerably higher than in the U. S. Trace element emissions from domestic combustion of mineralized coal can cause severe health problems (arsenic and fluorine poisoning from domestic coal combustion affects more than 10 million people in China alone). Moreover, leaching and erosion of surface-stored coal combustion products can contribute significant amounts of trace elements to the surrounding environment. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Finkelman, Robert B AU - French, Charles L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 254 EP - 255 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - technology KW - selenium KW - medical geology KW - landfills KW - halogens KW - lead KW - combustion KW - sedimentary rocks KW - fluorine KW - coal KW - cadmium KW - trace elements KW - chromium KW - mercury KW - chlorine KW - monitoring KW - beneficiation KW - pollutants KW - human activity KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - atmosphere KW - ash KW - metals KW - nickel KW - waste disposal KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52499417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Is+coal+an+important+source+of+trace+elements+in+the+environment%3F&rft.au=Finkelman%2C+Robert+B%3BFrench%2C+Charles+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Finkelman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1998 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; ash; atmosphere; beneficiation; cadmium; chlorine; chromium; coal; combustion; fluorine; halogens; human activity; landfills; lead; medical geology; mercury; metals; monitoring; nickel; pollutants; pollution; sedimentary rocks; selenium; technology; trace elements; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An intercomparison of in situ gamma-ray spectrometers AN - 52491408; 1999-031967 AB - The results of an intercomparison of in situ gamma-ray spectrometers that was held at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the fall of 1997 are presented. Six different organizations participated in this intercomparison which involved simultaneous and sequential co-located field measurements at a site with typical background radiation and another site with elevated (super 137) Cs concentrations in the soil. These field measurements were supplemented with laboratory-based measurements of point sources at three different energies and two different angles of irradiance. Among the participants, agreement in the field measurement results was generally within 15% of the group mean for each radionuclide. Comparisons to soil sample measurements at the background site show agreement of the group means to within 10% for the various radionuclides present after correcting for the effects of soil moisture. The point source measurement results indicate that the observed differences among groups may be related to systematic errors in their calibrations that result from uncertainty in the activities of the sources used, dissimilarities in the source-detector setup geometry, and inaccuracies in the detector model used in a theoretical calibration. JF - Radioactivity and Radiochemistry AU - Miller, Kevin M AU - Shebell, Peter AU - Monetti, Matthew A AU - Klemic, Gladys A AU - Venkataraman, Ram AU - Fisher, Edward AU - Scoggins, Darrell G AU - Faller, Scott H AU - Moore, Brian AU - Reiman, Ronald T AU - Keefer, David G AU - Gilmartin, Brian Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 27 EP - 40 PB - Caretaker Publications, Atlanta, GA VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1045-845X, 1045-845X KW - United States KW - isotopes KW - interlaboratory comparison KW - Th-232 KW - calibration KW - K-40 KW - environmental analysis KW - Suffolk County New York KW - Ra-226 KW - radioactive isotopes KW - cesium KW - soils KW - concentration KW - alkaline earth metals KW - in situ KW - radium KW - alkali metals KW - pollution KW - gamma-ray spectroscopy KW - New York KW - Cs-137 KW - metals KW - potassium KW - thorium KW - efficiency KW - spectroscopy KW - actinides KW - accuracy KW - point sources KW - instruments KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52491408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radioactivity+and+Radiochemistry&rft.atitle=An+intercomparison+of+in+situ+gamma-ray+spectrometers&rft.au=Miller%2C+Kevin+M%3BShebell%2C+Peter%3BMonetti%2C+Matthew+A%3BKlemic%2C+Gladys+A%3BVenkataraman%2C+Ram%3BFisher%2C+Edward%3BScoggins%2C+Darrell+G%3BFaller%2C+Scott+H%3BMoore%2C+Brian%3BReiman%2C+Ronald+T%3BKeefer%2C+David+G%3BGilmartin%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radioactivity+and+Radiochemistry&rft.issn=1045845X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - GA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; actinides; alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; calibration; cesium; concentration; Cs-137; efficiency; environmental analysis; gamma-ray spectroscopy; in situ; instruments; interlaboratory comparison; isotopes; K-40; metals; New York; point sources; pollution; potassium; Ra-226; radioactive isotopes; radium; soils; spectroscopy; Suffolk County New York; Th-232; thorium; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from selected boreholes and wells in and near Belvidere, Illinois, 1989-96 AN - 52489509; 1999-032074 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Mills, Patrick C AU - Yeskis, Douglas J AU - Straub, Timothy D Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 151 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - slug tests KW - isotopes KW - tritium KW - drift KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - radioactive isotopes KW - transport KW - sediments KW - Belvidere Illinois KW - USGS KW - geochemistry KW - hydrology KW - Illinois KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - Boone County Illinois KW - hydrochemistry KW - inorganic materials KW - aquifers KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - boreholes KW - hydrogen KW - volatile organic compounds KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52489509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Mills%2C+Patrick+C%3BYeskis%2C+Douglas+J%3BStraub%2C+Timothy+D&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Geologic%2C+hydrologic%2C+and+water-quality+data+from+selected+boreholes+and+wells+in+and+near+Belvidere%2C+Illinois%2C+1989-96&rft.title=Geologic%2C+hydrologic%2C+and+water-quality+data+from+selected+boreholes+and+wells+in+and+near+Belvidere%2C+Illinois%2C+1989-96&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect., 20 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices; Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Belvidere Illinois; Boone County Illinois; boreholes; clastic sediments; drift; environmental analysis; geochemistry; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; hydrochemistry; hydrogen; hydrology; Illinois; inorganic materials; isotopes; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; radioactive isotopes; sediments; slug tests; transport; tritium; United States; USGS; volatile organic compounds; volatiles; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communicating natural disaster reduction issues at the science-policy interface AN - 52464540; 1999-044665 AB - In order to improve the visibility of geoscience issues at the National level, geoscientists should consider taking advantage of opportunities for short-term assignments such as GSA Congressional Fellowships, AAA Fellowships, or IPAs to become fully engaged in science policy development. Such assignments can make a real difference in public policy makers' perceptions of the value of scientific information and can even effect changes in legislation and budget formulation. Providing high quality scientific information in support of proposed legislation, budget formulation, and policy debates is essential to giving earth science issues the recognition and attention they deserve in the highly competitive budgetary climate that exists today. The ability to articulate complex scientific issues clearly, succinctly, and persuasively to non-scientists is an essential skill needed for such assignments. Public Private Partnership 2000, co-sponsored by the Institute for Business and Home Safety and the Subcommittee on Natural Disaster Reduction, is producing a series of Forums aimed at finding innovative ways for the public and private sectors to grapple with tough policy problems where solutions are not easy in the area of natural disaster reduction. This activity supports both domestic and international loss reduction efforts and has provided geoscientists the opportunity to work outside their normal sphere of research to effect changes in national science policy. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Padovani, Elaine R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 158 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - mitigation KW - communities KW - geologic hazards KW - public policy KW - legislation KW - policy KW - 15:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52464540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Communicating+natural+disaster+reduction+issues+at+the+science-policy+interface&rft.au=Padovani%2C+Elaine+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Padovani&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1998 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - communities; geologic hazards; legislation; mitigation; policy; public policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating subsurface fissure apertures in karst aquifers from equilibrium activities AN - 52464423; 1999-046686 AB - (super 222) Rn activities were determined for the karst aquifer underlying Walkersville, Maryland, in an area of ground-water discharge from a single geological unit during the summer and fall seasons. Radon-222 equilibrium activities in karst ground waters can be employed in mass-balance models to estimate microfissure, macrofissure, and conduit aperture dimensions. This approach defines (super 222) Rn generation and loss in karst aquifers as a function of fissure apertures and the (super 238) U content of the rock. High 222 (super Rn) activities occur in tight fissures and low (super 222) Rn activities occur in conduits. In the vadose zone, (super 222) Rn activities are low as a result of degassing, especially if flow is turbulent and activities are decoupled from the phreatic zone. In the phreatic zone, if recharge to fissures causes a reduction of residence time below that required for equilibrium ( nearly equal 26 days), (super 222) Rn activities fall. At springs and in the vadose zone, after a rainfall event, (super 222) Rn activities increase as waters with long residence and with high (super 222) Rn activities are expelled from fissure and fracture storage. Field data and selected literature values were used to test the model. Models used to predict median microfissure apertures for this karst aquifer yield aperture estimates ranging from 2.8 mu m to 9.2 mu m. Median macrofissure apertures ranged from 5.53 cm to 5.88 cm. Median conduit apertures ranged from 1.16 m to 1.24 m. Comparison of the models results with published data on karst aquifers and observations at the field site suggest that the predicted apertures are reasonable. JF - Environmental & Engineering Geoscience AU - Field, Malcolm S AU - Mose, Douglas G Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 145 EP - 159 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists and the Geological Society of America, College Station, TX VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1078-7275, 1078-7275 KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - upper Precambrian KW - isotopes KW - Araby Formation KW - Walkersville Maryland KW - site exploration KW - Monocacy River KW - unsaturated zone KW - karst KW - radon KW - Ijamsville Formation KW - Cambrian KW - ground water KW - Upper Cambrian KW - sedimentary rocks KW - radioactive isotopes KW - transport KW - noble gases KW - siltstone KW - metamorphic rocks KW - Maryland KW - phyllites KW - Precambrian KW - pollutants KW - Paleozoic KW - fissures KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - mathematical models KW - Rn-222 KW - aquifers KW - waste disposal KW - clastic rocks KW - Cash Smith Formation KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52464423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+%26+Engineering+Geoscience&rft.atitle=Estimating+subsurface+fissure+apertures+in+karst+aquifers+from+equilibrium+activities&rft.au=Field%2C+Malcolm+S%3BMose%2C+Douglas+G&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+%26+Engineering+Geoscience&rft.issn=10787275&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eeg.geoscienceworld.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Araby Formation; Cambrian; Cash Smith Formation; clastic rocks; fissures; ground water; hazardous waste; Ijamsville Formation; isotopes; karst; Maryland; mathematical models; metamorphic rocks; Monocacy River; noble gases; Paleozoic; phyllites; pollutants; pollution; Precambrian; prediction; radioactive isotopes; radon; Rn-222; sedimentary rocks; siltstone; site exploration; transport; United States; unsaturated zone; Upper Cambrian; upper Precambrian; Walkersville Maryland; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Totaling the dollars in the 1993 flood AN - 52452510; 1999-055722 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Buland, David AU - Laustrup, Mark AU - Anderson, Milo AU - Hallam, Cheryl A AU - Salisbury, Jayne M Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 16 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - North America KW - geologic hazards KW - Mississippi River basin KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - remediation KW - spatial distribution KW - mitigation KW - geographic information systems KW - floods KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - economics KW - USGS KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52452510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Totaling+the+dollars+in+the+1993+flood&rft.au=Buland%2C+David%3BLaustrup%2C+Mark%3BAnderson%2C+Milo%3BHallam%2C+Cheryl+A%3BSalisbury%2C+Jayne+M&rft.aulast=Buland&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association 30th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; data processing; economics; floods; geographic information systems; geologic hazards; government agencies; information systems; mapping; Mississippi River basin; mitigation; North America; remediation; spatial distribution; USGS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Missouri River 1993 flood flow characteristics determined from floodplain erosion and deposition; Kansas City to St. Louis AN - 52451333; 1999-055717 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Dohrenwend, John C AU - Stone, Byron D AU - Anderson, Milo AU - Derasary, Lara AU - Dohrenwend, Kara A AU - Laustrup, Mark AU - Miller, Robert AU - Owens, Tom AU - Tortorici, Cathy AU - Hallam, Cheryl A AU - Salisbury, Jayne M Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 11 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - Missouri River KW - meanders KW - geologic hazards KW - erosion KW - Missouri KW - floodplains KW - surface water KW - water erosion KW - terraces KW - levees KW - streamflow KW - deposition KW - fluvial features KW - floods KW - USGS KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52451333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Missouri+River+1993+flood+flow+characteristics+determined+from+floodplain+erosion+and+deposition%3B+Kansas+City+to+St.+Louis&rft.au=Dohrenwend%2C+John+C%3BStone%2C+Byron+D%3BAnderson%2C+Milo%3BDerasary%2C+Lara%3BDohrenwend%2C+Kara+A%3BLaustrup%2C+Mark%3BMiller%2C+Robert%3BOwens%2C+Tom%3BTortorici%2C+Cathy%3BHallam%2C+Cheryl+A%3BSalisbury%2C+Jayne+M&rft.aulast=Dohrenwend&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association 30th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - deposition; erosion; floodplains; floods; fluvial features; geologic hazards; levees; meanders; Missouri; Missouri River; streamflow; surface water; terraces; United States; USGS; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of dissolved metals using permeable reactive barriers AN - 52437451; 1999-065119 AB - Permeable reactive barriers are a promising new approach to the treatment of dissolved contaminants in aquifers. This technology has progressed rapidly from laboratory studies to full-scale implementation over the past decade. Laboratory treatability studies indicate the potential for treatment of a large number of inorganic contaminants, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Tc, U, V, NO (sub 3) , PO (sub 4) , and SO (sub 4) . Small-scale field studies have indicated the potential for treatment of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, NO (sub 3) , PO (sub 2) , and SO (sub 4) . Permeable reactive barriers have been used in full-scale installations for the treatment of hexavalent chromium, dissolved constituents associated with acid-mine drainage, including SO (sub 4) , Fe, Ni, Co and Zn, and dissolved nutrients, including nitrate and phosphate. A full-scale barrier designed to prevent the release of contaminants associated with inactive mine tailings impoundment was installed at the Nickel Rim mine site in Canada in August 1995. This reactive barrier removes Fe, SO (sub 4) , Ni and other metals. The effluent from the barrier is neutral in pH and contains no acid-generating potential, and dissolved metal concentrations are below regulatory guidelines. A full-scale reactive barrier was installed to treat Cr(VI) and halogenated hydrocarbons at the US Coast Guard site in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, USA in June 1996. This barrier removes Cr(VI) from >8 mg l (super -1) to <0.01 mg l (super -1) . JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Blowes, David W AU - Ptacek, C J AU - Benner, Shawn G AU - McRae, C W T AU - Puls, Robert W A2 - Herbert, Mike A2 - Kovar, Karel Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 483 EP - 490 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences, [Louvain] VL - 250 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - aquifers KW - nutrients KW - attenuation KW - dissolved materials KW - precipitation KW - metals KW - water treatment KW - reduction KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52437451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+dissolved+metals+using+permeable+reactive+barriers&rft.au=Blowes%2C+David+W%3BPtacek%2C+C+J%3BBenner%2C+Shawn+G%3BMcRae%2C+C+W+T%3BPuls%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Blowes&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=250&rft.issue=&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=1901502554&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - GQ 98 conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; aquifers; attenuation; dissolved materials; metals; nutrients; oxidation; pollutants; pollution; precipitation; reduction; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emplacement verification and long-term performance monitoring of a permeable reactive barrier at the USCG Support Center, Elizabeth City, North Carolina AN - 52437403; 1999-065116 AB - A continuous hanging iron wall was installed in June 1996, at the US Coast Guard (USCG) Support Center near Elizabeth City, North Carolina. United States, to treat overlapping plumes of chromate and chlorinated solvent compounds. The wall was emplaced using a continuous trenching machine whereby native soil and aquifer sediment was removed, and the iron simultaneously emplaced, in one continuous excavation and fill operation. To date there have been six quarterly rounds of performance monitoring of the wall which are summarized in this paper. At this time, this is the only full-scale continuous "hanging" wall installed as a permeable reactive barrier to remediate both chlorinated solvent compounds and chromate in groundwater. JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Puls, Robert W AU - Blowes, David W AU - Gillham, Robert W A2 - Herbert, Mike A2 - Kovar, Karel Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 459 EP - 466 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences, [Louvain] VL - 250 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - United States KW - soils KW - electrical conductivity KW - monitoring KW - contaminant plumes KW - Elizabeth City North Carolina KW - pollutants KW - iron KW - emplacement KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - ferrous iron KW - aquifers KW - Coast Guard Support Center KW - metals KW - North Carolina KW - Pasquotank County North Carolina KW - pH KW - Eh KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52437403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Emplacement+verification+and+long-term+performance+monitoring+of+a+permeable+reactive+barrier+at+the+USCG+Support+Center%2C+Elizabeth+City%2C+North+Carolina&rft.au=Puls%2C+Robert+W%3BBlowes%2C+David+W%3BGillham%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Puls&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=250&rft.issue=&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=1901502554&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - GQ 98 conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Coast Guard Support Center; contaminant plumes; Eh; electrical conductivity; Elizabeth City North Carolina; emplacement; ferrous iron; ground water; iron; metals; monitoring; North Carolina; Pasquotank County North Carolina; pH; pollutants; remediation; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Processes contributing to natural attenuation of fuel hydrocarbons in groundwater; a field study with known initial conditions AN - 52432915; 1999-065080 AB - A test release of a model weathered jet fuel is being used to study the geochemical and biochemical processes that contribute to natural attenuation of hydrocarbons in groundwater. To study initial development and stabilization of a dissolved plume with known initial conditions a subsurface residual NAPL hydrocarbon mixture was emplaced in the well characterized and highly instrumented heterogeneous aquifer at the Columbus AFB, groundwater test site. Groundwater moving through the source zone under natural hydraulic gradients is dissolving the hydrocarbons and transporting the dissolved hydrocarbon plume downgradient. Background sampling of groundwater and aquifer solids was done prior to source emplacement to characterize the site geochemistry and the anaerobic and aerobic microbiology. Continued sampling is characterizing changes in redox conditions and microbiological numbers and diversities associated with natural attenuation. The dissolved hydrocarbon plume appears to have stabilized within a few weeks of emplacement, and microbial processes are limiting plume propagation to within 20 m downgradient from the source. Dissolved oxygen depletion, the formation of Fe (super 2+) along with dissolved hydrogen and microbial evidence suggest that the plume has shifted from aerobic to anaerobic conditions near the source. Stable carbon isotope ratios confirm that microbial degradation is responsible for hydrocarbon attenuation. Observed natural attenuation is correlated with microbial and geochemical changes in the aquifer. JF - IAHS-AISH Publication AU - Libelo, E Laurence AU - Stauffer, Thomas B AU - Shelley, Timothy AU - Antworth, Christopher A AU - Macintyre, William G AU - Bugna, Glynnis A2 - Herbert, Mike A2 - Kovar, Karel Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 221 EP - 227 PB - International Association of Hydrological Sciences, [Louvain] VL - 250 SN - 0144-7815, 0144-7815 KW - United States KW - contaminant plumes KW - isotopes KW - pollutants KW - Mississippi KW - pollution KW - Columbus Air Force Base KW - stable isotopes KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - attenuation KW - anaerobic taxa KW - organic compounds KW - sampling KW - carbon KW - Lowndes County Mississippi KW - hydrocarbons KW - water wells KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52432915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.atitle=Processes+contributing+to+natural+attenuation+of+fuel+hydrocarbons+in+groundwater%3B+a+field+study+with+known+initial+conditions&rft.au=Libelo%2C+E+Laurence%3BStauffer%2C+Thomas+B%3BShelley%2C+Timothy%3BAntworth%2C+Christopher+A%3BMacintyre%2C+William+G%3BBugna%2C+Glynnis&rft.aulast=Libelo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=250&rft.issue=&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=1901502554&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IAHS-AISH+Publication&rft.issn=01447815&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - GQ 98 conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - PIHSD9 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anaerobic taxa; aquifers; attenuation; carbon; Columbus Air Force Base; contaminant plumes; field studies; ground water; hydrocarbons; isotopes; Lowndes County Mississippi; Mississippi; nonaqueous phase liquids; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; sampling; stable isotopes; United States; water wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury in Lake Michigan surficial sediments AN - 52430011; 1999-067262 JF - Program and Abstracts - International Association for Great Lakes Research AU - Rossmann, R AU - Chow-Fraser, Patricia Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 72 PB - International Association for Great Lakes Research (IAGLR), [location varies] VL - 41 KW - North America KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - analysis KW - Lake Michigan KW - sampling KW - metals KW - sediments KW - lacustrine environment KW - Great Lakes KW - mercury KW - lake sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52430011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+International+Association+for+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Mercury+in+Lake+Michigan+surficial+sediments&rft.au=Rossmann%2C+R%3BChow-Fraser%2C+Patricia&rft.aulast=Rossmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+International+Association+for+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 41st conference of the International Association for Great Lakes Research N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03999 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - analysis; Great Lakes; lacustrine environment; Lake Michigan; lake sediments; mercury; metals; North America; pollutants; pollution; sampling; sediments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of effectiveness of treatment technologies for contaminated soil and groundwater AN - 52402894; 2000-011230 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Heuel-Fabianek, Burkhard AU - Argus, Roger AU - Woodland, Sarah AU - Kern, Ann Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 383 EP - 392 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 6, Vol. 1 KW - soils KW - technology KW - pollutants KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - cost KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - decontamination KW - water treatment KW - quality control KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52402894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+effectiveness+of+treatment+technologies+for+contaminated+soil+and+groundwater&rft.au=Heuel-Fabianek%2C+Burkhard%3BArgus%2C+Roger%3BWoodland%2C+Sarah%3BKern%2C+Ann&rft.aulast=Heuel-Fabianek&rft.aufirst=Burkhard&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth international FZK/TNO conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Document feature - 10 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cost; decontamination; environmental analysis; government agencies; ground water; pollutants; pollution; quality control; remediation; soil treatment; soils; technology; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for chemical analysis of contaminated soil samples; tests of their reproducibility between Nordic laboratories AN - 52401152; 2000-011218 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Kartsensen, K H AU - Ringstad, O AU - Rustad, I AU - Kalevi, K AU - Jorgensen, K S AU - Nylund, K AU - Alsberg, T AU - Olafsdottir, K AU - Heidenstam, O AU - Solberg, H Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 261 EP - 278 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 6, Vol. 1 KW - soils KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - Western Europe KW - pollutants KW - interlaboratory comparison KW - pollution KW - Europe KW - environmental analysis KW - measurement KW - laboratory studies KW - volatiles KW - Scandinavia KW - organic compounds KW - volatile organic compounds KW - geochemistry KW - accuracy KW - heavy metals KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52401152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Methods+for+chemical+analysis+of+contaminated+soil+samples%3B+tests+of+their+reproducibility+between+Nordic+laboratories&rft.au=Kartsensen%2C+K+H%3BRingstad%2C+O%3BRustad%2C+I%3BKalevi%2C+K%3BJorgensen%2C+K+S%3BNylund%2C+K%3BAlsberg%2C+T%3BOlafsdottir%2C+K%3BHeidenstam%2C+O%3BSolberg%2C+H&rft.aulast=Kartsensen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth international FZK/TNO conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Document feature - 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; concentration; environmental analysis; Europe; experimental studies; geochemistry; heavy metals; interlaboratory comparison; laboratory studies; measurement; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; Scandinavia; soils; volatile organic compounds; volatiles; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistive heating enhanced soil vapor extraction of chlorinated solvents from trichloroethylene contaminated silty, low permeable soil AN - 52400328; 2000-011248 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - van Zutphen, Marcus AU - Heron, Gorm AU - Enfield, Carl G AU - Christensen, Thomas H Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 561 EP - 570 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 6, Vol. 1 KW - soils KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - concentration KW - desorption KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - soil vapor extraction KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - volatilization KW - organic compounds KW - solvents KW - transport KW - decontamination KW - heating KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - trichloroethylene KW - geochemistry KW - permeability KW - instruments KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52400328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Resistive+heating+enhanced+soil+vapor+extraction+of+chlorinated+solvents+from+trichloroethylene+contaminated+silty%2C+low+permeable+soil&rft.au=van+Zutphen%2C+Marcus%3BHeron%2C+Gorm%3BEnfield%2C+Carl+G%3BChristensen%2C+Thomas+H&rft.aulast=van+Zutphen&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth international FZK/TNO conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; concentration; decontamination; desorption; environmental analysis; geochemistry; halogenated hydrocarbons; heating; in situ; instruments; organic compounds; permeability; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soil treatment; soil vapor extraction; soils; solvents; transport; trichloroethylene; volatilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative international study of soil and groundwater remediation technologies AN - 52395560; 2000-011190 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Smith, Michael A AU - James, Stephen C AU - Kovalick, Walter W, Jr Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 9 EP - 18 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 6, Vol. 1 KW - soils KW - programs KW - technology KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - physicochemical properties KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - decontamination KW - water treatment KW - efficiency KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52395560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Comparative+international+study+of+soil+and+groundwater+remediation+technologies&rft.au=Smith%2C+Michael+A%3BJames%2C+Stephen+C%3BKovalick%2C+Walter+W%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth international FZK/TNO conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - decontamination; efficiency; environmental analysis; environmental effects; geochemistry; ground water; in situ; physicochemical properties; pollutants; pollution; programs; remediation; soil treatment; soils; technology; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of surface disturbance on sediment production in Mojave Desert soils AN - 52383850; 2000-022594 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Belnap, Jayne AU - Duniway, Mike AU - Phillips, Sue AU - Gillette, Dale A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 359 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - soils KW - stabilization KW - North America KW - Colorado Plateau KW - erosion KW - biomass KW - wind erosion KW - friction KW - effects KW - Chihuahua Mexico KW - nitrogen KW - Chihuahuan Desert KW - California KW - Mexico KW - carbon KW - Mojave Desert KW - sediments KW - velocity KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52383850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Effects+of+surface+disturbance+on+sediment+production+in+Mojave+Desert+soils&rft.au=Belnap%2C+Jayne%3BDuniway%2C+Mike%3BPhillips%2C+Sue%3BGillette%2C+Dale+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Belnap&rft.aufirst=Jayne&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1998 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biomass; California; carbon; Chihuahua Mexico; Chihuahuan Desert; Colorado Plateau; effects; erosion; friction; Mexico; Mojave Desert; nitrogen; North America; sediments; soils; stabilization; United States; velocity; wind erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Digital geographic data to support long-term ecosystem management for the Fort Huachuca region AN - 52383270; 2000-022675 AB - Fort Huachuca, AZ resides within the Upper San Pedro River Basin. The basin is experiencing a number of challenges with respect to natural resources management issues both on and off the installation. These issues have prompted the Army to take a close look at the interaction between the Army and its regional neighbors over the next several decades. This will include identifying a broad range of alternative future scenarios that are possible within the basin. Through a Geographical Information System (GIS) evaluation effort, possible land use distributions which are most likely to develop as a result of each stated guiding scenario will be predicted. One of the tasks at this initial stage of the project is the assemblage of the GIS database to support the study. JF - RMRS Proceedings - USDA Forest Service AU - Lozar, Robert AU - Wickizer, John AU - Stone, Sheridan AU - Mouat, David AU - Steinitz, Carl AU - Kent, Gretchen AU - Hodge, Winifred AU - Anderson, Robert AU - Gottfried, Gerald J AU - Edminster, Carl B A2 - Dillon, Madelyn C. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 261 EP - 268 PB - Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO KW - United States KW - digital data KW - terrestrial environment KW - spatial data KW - arid environment KW - data processing KW - San Pedro River basin KW - Fort Huachuca Arizona KW - ecosystems KW - geographic information systems KW - land management KW - Arizona KW - data bases KW - Cochise County Arizona KW - information systems KW - basin management KW - military facilities KW - water resources KW - land use KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52383270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RMRS+Proceedings+-+USDA+Forest+Service&rft.atitle=Digital+geographic+data+to+support+long-term+ecosystem+management+for+the+Fort+Huachuca+region&rft.au=Lozar%2C+Robert%3BWickizer%2C+John%3BStone%2C+Sheridan%3BMouat%2C+David%3BSteinitz%2C+Carl%3BKent%2C+Gretchen%3BHodge%2C+Winifred%3BAnderson%2C+Robert%3BGottfried%2C+Gerald+J%3BEdminster%2C+Carl+B&rft.aulast=Lozar&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=RMRS+Proceedings+-+USDA+Forest+Service&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Ninth U.S./Mexico border states conference on Recreation, parks, and wildlife N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Availability - Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05115 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arid environment; Arizona; basin management; Cochise County Arizona; data bases; data processing; digital data; ecosystems; Fort Huachuca Arizona; geographic information systems; information systems; land management; land use; military facilities; San Pedro River basin; spatial data; terrestrial environment; United States; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initiatives to tackle diffuse pollution in the UK AN - 52377953; 2000-027440 JF - Water Science and Technology AU - D'Arcy, Brian J AU - Usman, Fauzia AU - Griffiths, David AU - Chatfield, Phillip A2 - Grabow, W. O. K. A2 - Dohmann, M. A2 - Haas, C. A2 - Hall, E. R. A2 - Lesouef, A. A2 - Orhon, D. A2 - van der Vlies, A. A2 - Watanabe, Y. A2 - Milburn, A. A2 - Purdon, C. D. A2 - Nagle, P. T. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 131 EP - 138 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 38 IS - 10 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - dispersivity KW - regulations KW - rivers and streams KW - Europe KW - ground water KW - waste management KW - mitigation KW - solvents KW - toxicity KW - sediments KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Western Europe KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - United Kingdom KW - preventive measures KW - aquifers KW - nutrients KW - organic compounds KW - runoff KW - hydrocarbons KW - policy KW - trace metals KW - waste disposal KW - pesticides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52377953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Initiatives+to+tackle+diffuse+pollution+in+the+UK&rft.au=D%27Arcy%2C+Brian+J%3BUsman%2C+Fauzia%3BGriffiths%2C+David%3BChatfield%2C+Phillip&rft.aulast=D%27Arcy&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=0080433960&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.iwaponline.com/wst/toc.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 19th biennial conference of the International Association on Water Quality N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WSTED4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; dispersivity; Europe; ground water; hydrocarbons; hydrology; mitigation; nutrients; organic compounds; pesticides; policy; pollutants; pollution; preventive measures; regulations; rivers and streams; runoff; sediments; soils; solvents; toxicity; trace metals; United Kingdom; waste disposal; waste management; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural attenuation; EPA's new policy directive vis a vis ASTM's new industry standard AN - 52315631; 2000-065721 JF - Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection and Remediation Conference AU - Small, Matt AU - White, Hal A2 - Stanley, Anita Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 419 EP - 428 PB - Ground Water Publishing Company, Westerville, OH VL - 1998 KW - soils KW - nomenclature KW - monitoring KW - contaminant plumes KW - ASTM KW - regulations KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - techniques KW - standardization KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - waste management KW - attenuation KW - American Society for Testing and Materials KW - decontamination KW - industrial waste KW - policy KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52315631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.atitle=Natural+attenuation%3B+EPA%27s+new+policy+directive+vis+a+vis+ASTM%27s+new+industry+standard&rft.au=Small%2C+Matt%3BWhite%2C+Hal&rft.aulast=Small&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=1998&rft.issue=&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Petroleum+Hydrocarbons+and+Organic+Chemicals+in+Ground+Water%3A+Prevention%2C+Detection+and+Remediation+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1998 petroleum hydrocarbons and organic chemicals in ground water; prevention, detection, and remediation conference and exposition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04977 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - American Society for Testing and Materials; aquifers; ASTM; attenuation; bioremediation; contaminant plumes; decontamination; government agencies; ground water; industrial waste; monitoring; nomenclature; policy; pollution; regulations; remediation; soils; standardization; techniques; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ground water primer AN - 52296954; 2000-075151 AB - Ground water is an important resource in the United States that replenishes our streams, rivers and habitats. Ground water is also an important and bountiful source of fresh water for irrigation, industry and communities. There is a growing awareness and concern over ground water quality. A multimedia educational program was developed to improve the understanding of complex issues by community leaders and the public. This is an HTML-based program that is freely available to all that have access to the Internet. It strives to teach the basics of the hydrologic cycle as well as issues of supply and demand and measures that are needed to protect this valuable resource. JF - Computers in Agriculture - Proceedings of the ... International Conference AU - Gunn, Renee AU - Childress, Susan AU - Childress, Amy AU - Embleton, Karla AU - Jones, Don AU - Reshkin, K AU - Bill, B A2 - Zazueta, Fedro S. A2 - Xin, Jiannong Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 269 EP - 274 PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 7 KW - water use KW - hydrology KW - hazardous waste KW - water quality KW - water supply KW - monitoring KW - surface water KW - data processing KW - water management KW - pollution KW - decision-making KW - drinking water KW - irrigation KW - ground water KW - computer programs KW - recharge KW - interactive techniques KW - hydrologic cycle KW - data bases KW - soil management KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52296954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+in+Agriculture+-+Proceedings+of+the+...+International+Conference&rft.atitle=Ground+water+primer&rft.au=Gunn%2C+Renee%3BChildress%2C+Susan%3BChildress%2C+Amy%3BEmbleton%2C+Karla%3BJones%2C+Don%3BReshkin%2C+K%3BBill%2C+B&rft.aulast=Gunn&rft.aufirst=Renee&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=0929355997&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+in+Agriculture+-+Proceedings+of+the+...+International+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 7th international conference on Computers in agriculture N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05431 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; data bases; data processing; decision-making; drinking water; ground water; hazardous waste; hydrologic cycle; hydrology; interactive techniques; irrigation; monitoring; pollution; recharge; soil management; surface water; water management; water quality; water supply; water use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactive transport in a funnel and gate treatment system AN - 52246607; 2001-027355 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Yabusaki, S B AU - Steefel, C I AU - Cantrell, K J AU - Kenneke, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 156 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 79 IS - 17, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - contaminant plumes KW - pollution KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - transport KW - funnel and gate treatment system KW - precipitation KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - shallow aquifers KW - reduction KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52246607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Reactive+transport+in+a+funnel+and+gate+treatment+system&rft.au=Yabusaki%2C+S+B%3BSteefel%2C+C+I%3BCantrell%2C+K+J%3BKenneke%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Yabusaki&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=17%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 1998 spring meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; chlorinated hydrocarbons; contaminant plumes; funnel and gate treatment system; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; organic compounds; pH; pollution; precipitation; reduction; remediation; shallow aquifers; tetrachloroethylene; transport ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory and field pilot evaluation of co-metabolic bioventing for the remediation of soil contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE) and trichloroethane (TCA) AN - 52230516; 2001-041337 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Morgan, P AU - Sayles, G D AU - Moser, L E AU - Gannon, D J AU - Kampbell, D H AU - Franz, T AU - Vogel, C M AU - Major, D W AU - Bell, M J AU - Holmes, M W Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 1187 EP - 1188 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 6, Vol. 2 KW - soils KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - experimental studies KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - soil vapor extraction KW - unsaturated zone KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - trichloroethane KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - laboratory studies KW - organic compounds KW - bioventing KW - decontamination KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - trichloroethylene KW - efficiency KW - geochemistry KW - field studies KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52230516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Laboratory+and+field+pilot+evaluation+of+co-metabolic+bioventing+for+the+remediation+of+soil+contaminated+with+trichloroethene+%28TCE%29+and+trichloroethane+%28TCA%29&rft.au=Morgan%2C+P%3BSayles%2C+G+D%3BMoser%2C+L+E%3BGannon%2C+D+J%3BKampbell%2C+D+H%3BFranz%2C+T%3BVogel%2C+C+M%3BMajor%2C+D+W%3BBell%2C+M+J%3BHolmes%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1187&rft.isbn=0727726757&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - ConSoil '98; sixth international FZK/TNO conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioremediation; bioventing; chlorinated hydrocarbons; decontamination; efficiency; experimental studies; field studies; geochemistry; halogenated hydrocarbons; in situ; laboratory studies; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soil treatment; soil vapor extraction; soils; trichloroethane; trichloroethylene; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International networks on contaminated land; an overview AN - 52228609; 2001-041123 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Kasamas, H AU - Denner, J AU - Skovgaard, I M AU - Bardos, R P Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 733 EP - 740 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 6, Vol. 2 KW - soils KW - protection KW - programs KW - development KW - pollution KW - international cooperation KW - Europe KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - mitigation KW - land management KW - sustainable development KW - associations KW - risk assessment KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52228609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=International+networks+on+contaminated+land%3B+an+overview&rft.au=Kasamas%2C+H%3BDenner%2C+J%3BSkovgaard%2C+I+M%3BBardos%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Kasamas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=0727726757&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - ConSoil '98; sixth international FZK/TNO conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - associations; development; environmental analysis; environmental effects; Europe; international cooperation; land management; land use; mitigation; pollution; programs; protection; risk assessment; soils; sustainable development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of quality management plans for testing de-contamination technologies for soil and groundwater AN - 52228208; 2001-041154 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Siebert, Joerg AU - Heuel-Fabianek, Burkhard AU - Steffens, Kai AU - Dreschmann, Peter AU - Weiland-Wascher, Annett AU - Kern, Ann Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 809 EP - 810 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 6, Vol. 2 KW - United States KW - soils KW - water quality KW - monitoring KW - water management KW - pollution KW - Europe KW - technology transfer KW - bioremediation KW - environmental analysis KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - decontamination KW - Central Europe KW - quality control KW - efficiency KW - Germany KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52228208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Development+of+quality+management+plans+for+testing+de-contamination+technologies+for+soil+and+groundwater&rft.au=Siebert%2C+Joerg%3BHeuel-Fabianek%2C+Burkhard%3BSteffens%2C+Kai%3BDreschmann%2C+Peter%3BWeiland-Wascher%2C+Annett%3BKern%2C+Ann&rft.aulast=Siebert&rft.aufirst=Joerg&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=0727726757&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - ConSoil '98; sixth international FZK/TNO conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioremediation; Central Europe; decontamination; efficiency; environmental analysis; Europe; Germany; ground water; monitoring; pollution; quality control; remediation; soil management; soils; technology transfer; United States; water management; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the predictive capability of models of exposure to soil contaminants AN - 52228125; 2001-041270 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Kissel, J AU - Wawrukiewicz, A AU - Bartell, S AU - Shirai, J Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 1049 EP - 1050 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 6, Vol. 2 KW - soils KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - pollutants KW - Monte Carlo analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - PCBs KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - decision-making KW - bioavailability KW - environmental analysis KW - two-dimensional models KW - remediation KW - organic compounds KW - transport KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - pesticides KW - geochemistry KW - heavy metals KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52228125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+predictive+capability+of+models+of+exposure+to+soil+contaminants&rft.au=Kissel%2C+J%3BWawrukiewicz%2C+A%3BBartell%2C+S%3BShirai%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kissel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1049&rft.isbn=0727726757&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - ConSoil '98; sixth international FZK/TNO conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioavailability; chlorinated hydrocarbons; decision-making; environmental analysis; geochemistry; halogenated hydrocarbons; heavy metals; Monte Carlo analysis; organic compounds; PCBs; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; prediction; remediation; soils; statistical analysis; transport; two-dimensional models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ad hoc international working group on contaminated land AN - 52228098; 2001-041122 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Visser, W J F AU - Skovgaard, I M AU - Hoppener, C Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 731 EP - 732 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 6, Vol. 2 KW - soils KW - protection KW - programs KW - Western Europe KW - pollution KW - international cooperation KW - Europe KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - land management KW - associations KW - risk assessment KW - land use KW - soil management KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52228098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=The+ad+hoc+international+working+group+on+contaminated+land&rft.au=Visser%2C+W+J+F%3BSkovgaard%2C+I+M%3BHoppener%2C+C&rft.aulast=Visser&rft.aufirst=W+J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=0727726757&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - ConSoil '98; sixth international FZK/TNO conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - associations; Europe; ground water; international cooperation; land management; land use; pollution; programs; protection; remediation; risk assessment; soil management; soils; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RTDF bioremediation of chlorinated solvents consortium AN - 52227858; 2001-041120 JF - Contaminated Soil ... International TNO/BMFT Conference on Contaminated Soil AU - Bell, M J AU - Ellis, D E AU - Gannon, D J AU - Klecka, G M AU - Licarta, J AU - Meiers, D T AU - Major, D W AU - Salvo, J J AU - Sayles, G D AU - Vogel, C M AU - Woodworth, R Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 727 EP - 728 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 6, Vol. 2 KW - United States KW - soils KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - programs KW - technology KW - contaminant plumes KW - pollutants KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - cost KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - organic compounds KW - solvents KW - decontamination KW - water treatment KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - pore water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52227858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.atitle=RTDF+bioremediation+of+chlorinated+solvents+consortium&rft.au=Bell%2C+M+J%3BEllis%2C+D+E%3BGannon%2C+D+J%3BKlecka%2C+G+M%3BLicarta%2C+J%3BMeiers%2C+D+T%3BMajor%2C+D+W%3BSalvo%2C+J+J%3BSayles%2C+G+D%3BVogel%2C+C+M%3BWoodworth%2C+R&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=727&rft.isbn=0727726757&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contaminated+Soil+...+International+TNO%2FBMFT+Conference+on+Contaminated+Soil&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - ConSoil '98; sixth international FZK/TNO conference on Contaminated soil N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03844 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioremediation; chlorinated hydrocarbons; contaminant plumes; cost; decontamination; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; pore water; programs; remediation; soil treatment; soils; solvents; technology; United States; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Things are not what they appear; a lesson in geophysics AN - 52052551; 2002-072780 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Baughman, Samuel H AU - Towle, Michael T AU - Tepel, Robert E Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 38 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 41 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - geophysical surveys KW - Superfund KW - geophysical methods KW - pollution KW - magnetic methods KW - magnetic anomalies KW - Hampton Virginia KW - remediation KW - safety KW - electromagnetic methods KW - surveys KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52052551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Things+are+not+what+they+appear%3B+a+lesson+in+geophysics&rft.au=Baughman%2C+Samuel+H%3BTowle%2C+Michael+T%3BTepel%2C+Robert+E&rft.aulast=Baughman&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists, 37th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Coastal Plain; electromagnetic methods; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; Hampton Virginia; hazardous waste; magnetic anomalies; magnetic methods; pollution; remediation; safety; Superfund; surveys; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-scale aspects of EPA erosion studies AN - 51188929; 2001-059659 JF - NATO ASI Series. Series I: Global Environmental Change AU - Lee, Jeffrey J A2 - Boardman, John A2 - Favis-Mortlock, David T. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 191 EP - 199 PB - Springer Verlag, Berlin VL - 55 SN - 1431-7125, 1431-7125 KW - United States KW - soils KW - erosion KW - statistical analysis KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - water erosion KW - global change KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - climate change KW - carbon dioxide KW - models KW - land management KW - greenhouse effect KW - soil erosion KW - land use KW - climate KW - global warming KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51188929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NATO+ASI+Series.+Series+I%3A+Global+Environmental+Change&rft.atitle=Cross-scale+aspects+of+EPA+erosion+studies&rft.au=Lee%2C+Jeffrey+J&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=3540640347&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NATO+ASI+Series.+Series+I%3A+Global+Environmental+Change&rft.issn=14317125&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Global change ; Modelling soil erosion by water N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon dioxide; climate; climate change; environmental analysis; environmental effects; erosion; global change; global warming; government agencies; greenhouse effect; land management; land use; models; soil erosion; soils; statistical analysis; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; water erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment, remote sensing, and GIS in the Russian north AN - 51019450; 1999-044253 JF - Arctic Research of the United States AU - Jutro, Peter R AU - Mangis, Deborah AU - Slonecker, E Terrence AU - Orlick, Brian AU - True, Michael Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 7 EP - 20 PB - National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA VL - 12, Fall-Winter SN - 1045-4764, 1045-4764 KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - international cooperation KW - mapping KW - Russian Federation KW - vegetation KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - mitigation KW - Siberia KW - geographic information systems KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - oil spills KW - data bases KW - ecology KW - industry KW - Asia KW - construction KW - Arctic region KW - pollution KW - Russian Arctic KW - satellite methods KW - risk assessment KW - information systems KW - remote sensing KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51019450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic+Research+of+the+United+States&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment%2C+remote+sensing%2C+and+GIS+in+the+Russian+north&rft.au=Jutro%2C+Peter+R%3BMangis%2C+Deborah%3BSlonecker%2C+E+Terrence%3BOrlick%2C+Brian%3BTrue%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Jutro&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=12%2C+Fall-Winter&rft.issue=&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arctic+Research+of+the+United+States&rft.issn=10454764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic region; Asia; Commonwealth of Independent States; construction; data bases; data processing; ecology; environmental analysis; environmental effects; geographic information systems; government agencies; industry; information systems; international cooperation; mapping; mitigation; oil spills; pollution; remote sensing; risk assessment; Russian Arctic; Russian Federation; satellite methods; Siberia; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The drinking water contaminant candidate list AN - 51018504; 1999-063733 JF - Proceedings, AWWA Annual Conference AU - Washington, Evelyn Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 483 EP - 490 PB - American Water Works Association, Denver, CO VL - 1998, A SN - 0360-814X, 0360-814X KW - water quality KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - public policy KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - hydrochemistry KW - environmental analysis KW - drinking water KW - bacteria KW - risk assessment KW - geochemistry KW - microorganisms KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51018504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings%2C+AWWA+Annual+Conference&rft.atitle=The+drinking+water+contaminant+candidate+list&rft.au=Washington%2C+Evelyn&rft.aulast=Washington&rft.aufirst=Evelyn&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=1998%2C+A&rft.issue=&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings%2C+AWWA+Annual+Conference&rft.issn=0360814X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Works Association, 1998 annual conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; concentration; drinking water; environmental analysis; geochemistry; government agencies; hydrochemistry; medical geology; microorganisms; monitoring; pollutants; pollution; public policy; regulations; risk assessment; Safe Drinking Water Act; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revising EPA's arsenic regulation AN - 51015295; 1999-063732 JF - Proceedings, AWWA Annual Conference AU - Taft, Jim Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 469 EP - 481 PB - American Water Works Association, Denver, CO VL - 1998, A SN - 0360-814X, 0360-814X KW - concentration KW - technology KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - surface water KW - government agencies KW - arsenic KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - drinking water KW - environmental effects KW - ground water KW - toxicity KW - metals KW - water treatment KW - risk assessment KW - water resources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51015295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings%2C+AWWA+Annual+Conference&rft.atitle=Revising+EPA%27s+arsenic+regulation&rft.au=Taft%2C+Jim&rft.aulast=Taft&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=1998%2C+A&rft.issue=&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings%2C+AWWA+Annual+Conference&rft.issn=0360814X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Works Association, 1998 annual conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; concentration; drinking water; environmental analysis; environmental effects; government agencies; ground water; metals; pollutants; pollution; regulations; risk assessment; surface water; technology; toxicity; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; water resources; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling mercury transport in the Sheboygan River watershed AN - 50915123; 2000-030875 JF - Technical Publication Series - American Water Resources Association AU - Cocca, Paul AU - Choudhury, Sayedul AU - Lahlou, Mohammed AU - Shoemaker, Leslie A2 - Durrans, S. Rocky A2 - Nix, Stephan J. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 97 PB - AWRA - American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD VL - TPS IS - 98-3 SN - 0731-9789, 0731-9789 KW - United States KW - pollutants KW - computer languages KW - Sheboygan River KW - surface water KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - simulation KW - models KW - transport KW - metals KW - Fortran KW - Wisconsin KW - mercury KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50915123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Modeling+mercury+transport+in+the+Sheboygan+River+watershed&rft.au=Cocca%2C+Paul%3BChoudhury%2C+Sayedul%3BLahlou%2C+Mohammed%3BShoemaker%2C+Leslie&rft.aulast=Cocca&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=TPS&rft.issue=98-3&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=07319789&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Annual water resources conference of the American Water Resources Association N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer languages; Fortran; mercury; metals; models; pollutants; pollution; Sheboygan River; simulation; surface water; transport; United States; watersheds; Wisconsin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A population perspective for aquatic resources; a response to the emerging need for prioritization tools AN - 50911135; 2000-030929 JF - Technical Publication Series - American Water Resources Association AU - Paulsen, Steve AU - Stoddard, John AU - Olsen, Tony AU - Summers, Kevin AU - Jones, Bruce A2 - Durrans, S. Rocky A2 - Nix, Stephan J. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 196 PB - AWRA - American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD VL - TPS IS - 98-3 SN - 0731-9789, 0731-9789 KW - United States KW - monitoring KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - aquatic environment KW - point sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50911135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=A+population+perspective+for+aquatic+resources%3B+a+response+to+the+emerging+need+for+prioritization+tools&rft.au=Paulsen%2C+Steve%3BStoddard%2C+John%3BOlsen%2C+Tony%3BSummers%2C+Kevin%3BJones%2C+Bruce&rft.aulast=Paulsen&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=TPS&rft.issue=98-3&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=07319789&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Annual water resources conference of the American Water Resources Association N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic environment; monitoring; point sources; pollution; surface water; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stormwater runoff filtration prior to groundwater recharge AN - 50907959; 2000-030913 JF - Technical Publication Series - American Water Resources Association AU - Clark, Shirley AU - Pitt, Robert AU - Brown, Pauline AU - Field, Richard A2 - Durrans, S. Rocky A2 - Nix, Stephan J. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 158 PB - AWRA - American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD VL - TPS IS - 98-3 SN - 0731-9789, 0731-9789 KW - recharge KW - filtration KW - runoff KW - water management KW - stormwater KW - particulate materials KW - ground water KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50907959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Stormwater+runoff+filtration+prior+to+groundwater+recharge&rft.au=Clark%2C+Shirley%3BPitt%2C+Robert%3BBrown%2C+Pauline%3BField%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=TPS&rft.issue=98-3&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=07319789&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Annual water resources conference of the American Water Resources Association N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - filtration; ground water; particulate materials; recharge; runoff; stormwater; water management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Delineation of subsurface hydrocarbon contaminant distribution using a direct push resistivity method AN - 50854369; 2008-101293 JF - Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics AU - Lien, Bob K AU - Enfield, Carl G Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 173 EP - 179 PB - Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, Englewood, CO VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1083-1363, 1083-1363 KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - electrodes KW - geophysical surveys KW - contaminant plumes KW - observation wells KW - soil sampling KW - liquid phase KW - concentration KW - in situ KW - three-dimensional models KW - geophysical methods KW - pollution KW - electrical field KW - interpolation KW - resistivity KW - petroleum products KW - measurement KW - case studies KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - sounding KW - Hill Air Force Base KW - hydrocarbons KW - surveys KW - Utah KW - military facilities KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50854369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+%26+Engineering+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Delineation+of+subsurface+hydrocarbon+contaminant+distribution+using+a+direct+push+resistivity+method&rft.au=Lien%2C+Bob+K%3BEnfield%2C+Carl+G&rft.aulast=Lien&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+%26+Engineering+Geophysics&rft.issn=10831363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; concentration; contaminant plumes; detection; electrical field; electrodes; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; hazardous waste; Hill Air Force Base; hydrocarbons; in situ; interpolation; liquid phase; measurement; military facilities; observation wells; organic compounds; petroleum products; pollution; resistivity; soil sampling; sounding; surveys; three-dimensional models; United States; Utah ER - TY - CONF T1 - Results of the September 1997 DOE/EPA demonstration of multimetal continuous emission monitoring technologies AN - 20895066; 4601866 AB - In September 1997, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) co-sponsored a demonstration of several multimetal continuous emission monitors (CEMs). The demonstration, performed at the EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division's combustion laboratory in Research Triangle Park, NC, involved the side-by-side testing of seven multimetal CEMs at various stages of commercialization. A series of tests were performed to compare results from the multimetal CEMs to Method 0060, the EPA reference method (RM) for metals emission measurements, using the relative accuracy test audit (RATA) protocol. The EPA operated the test facility and performed the RM sampling, and each multimetal CEM was operated by the instrument's respective developer. To accomplish these tests, an aqueous solution of six toxic metals (arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury), along with flyash from a coalfired utility boiler, was injected into the afterburner of the EPAs rotary kiln incinerator simulator facility to generate a combustor flue gas with realistic post-flue gas cleaning system particulate loadings and target metals concentrations of approximately 15 and 75 mu g/m super(3), which constituted the low and high concentration test conditions. The multimetal CEMs that participated in the test included two laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) systems, two inductively coupled plasma (ICP) systems, a spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SIBS) system, a hazardous element sampling train with X-ray fluorescence (HEST/XRF), and a microwave plasma system. Ten RM-CEM sample nairs were taken at both the low and high concentration test conditions, and the relative accuracies of the multimetal CEMs were calculated. This test provided performance data that will be used to assess the current state of the art in multimetal CEMs. JF - Waste Management AU - Lemieux, P M AU - Ryan, J V AU - French, N B AU - Hass, WJ Jr AU - Priebe, S J AU - Burns, D B Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 385 EP - 391 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 18 IS - 6-8 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Combustion products KW - Flue gas KW - Fly ash KW - EPA KW - Measuring methods KW - Emission measurements KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20895066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Results+of+the+September+1997+DOE%2FEPA+demonstration+of+multimetal+continuous+emission+monitoring+technologies&rft.au=Lemieux%2C+P+M%3BRyan%2C+J+V%3BFrench%2C+N+B%3BHass%2C+WJ+Jr%3BPriebe%2C+S+J%3BBurns%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Lemieux&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6-8&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0956-053X%2898%2900123-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00123-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protocol for evaluating biokinetics and attainable end-points of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil treatment AN - 20824116; 4566937 AB - This paper describes quantitation of biodegradation kinetics in soil slurry and compacted soil systems using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as the test contaminants. The experimental protocol, elaborated in this paper, results in the measurement of biokinetic parameters which can be used to quantitate both ex-situ and in-situ bioremediation rates and assess the attainable end-points. Biodegradation studies were conducted for naphthalene using soil slurry, soil wafer and soil column reactors. Microcosm reactors were set-up to acclimate soil microbiota, and carbon dioxide evolution was used as a measure of acclimation. It was found that reasonable degree of PAH acclimation was achieved after 250 days of microcosm operation. Abiotic adsorption/desorption studies showed that equilibrium was achieved in about 20 hours and approximately 45% of the initial amount of naphthalene is adsorbed by the time equilibrium is attained. Further, desorption was much slower than adsorption with equilibrium being attained in 40 hours. Soil slurry studies conducted in the respirometer showed that oxygen uptake occurred after an acclimation time of about 42 hours and that the PAHs were completely biodegraded. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering AU - Tabak, H H AU - Govind, R AU - Gao, C AU - Fu, C AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 1533 EP - 1567 VL - A33 IS - 8 SN - 1093-4529, 1093-4529 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Bioremediation KW - Biodegradation KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Soil KW - Slurries KW - Microcosms KW - Quantitation KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Desorption KW - Naphthalene KW - Soil contamination KW - Oxygen KW - Acclimation KW - Kinetics KW - Adsorption KW - Contaminants KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Evolution KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01400:Soil Microbes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20824116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Toxic%2FHazardous+Substances+%26+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Protocol+for+evaluating+biokinetics+and+attainable+end-points+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+%28PAHs%29+in+soil+treatment&rft.au=Tabak%2C+H+H%3BGovind%2C+R%3BGao%2C+C%3BFu%2C+C&rft.aulast=Tabak&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=A33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Toxic%2FHazardous+Substances+%26+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=10934529&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Desorption; Biodegradation; Bioremediation; Naphthalene; Soil; Oxygen; Acclimation; Kinetics; Slurries; Adsorption; Microcosms; Carbon dioxide; Contaminants; Quantitation; Evolution; Soil contamination; Soil microorganisms ER - TY - CONF T1 - An overview of the US EPA's multiple pathway exposure methodology AN - 19423426; 4601864 AB - The US Environmental Protection Agency's National Center for Environmental Assessment is finalizing its updated approach to assessing the health risks from direct and indirect exposure to combustion emissions. The prior 1990 Indirect Exposure Methodology has been used frequently in the early part of this decade, while the new methodology considers more pathways for agent transfer and exposure. This advanced methodology is not limited to exposure from combustion emissions as the approach lends itself to assessing indirect exposure to other agents in various exposure scenarios. The purpose of this presentation is to alert the user community to the new methodology and discuss its impacts on risk assessment. A brief overview of the exposure pathways, along with the inherent uncertainties of the MPE and the risk characterization, are presented. Other associated documentation is presented and referenced. The paper concludes with a discussion of the planned implementation of the MPE and the Agency program guidance for use with RCRA combustor permitting and risk assessments. JF - Waste Management AU - Reisman, D J AU - Brady-Roberts, E Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 371 EP - 376 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 18 IS - 6-8 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - EPA KW - Government regulations KW - Combustion products KW - Public health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19423426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+the+US+EPA%27s+multiple+pathway+exposure+methodology&rft.au=Reisman%2C+D+J%3BBrady-Roberts%2C+E&rft.aulast=Reisman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6-8&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0956-053X%2898%2900122-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00122-6 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Policy and regulations for new organisms supporting sustainable pest management in the United States AN - 17668155; 4589296 AB - In the United States, three Agencies are involved with the introduction of new organisms into the environment. 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) APHIS guards U.S. borders against foreign agricultural pests and diseases, along with searching for and monitoring agricultural diseases and pests. 2. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) FDA is responsible for the safety of food and feed 3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) EPA is responsible for the regulation of pesticides in the United States. JF - Phytoprotection AU - Hutton, P Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 22 EP - 26 PB - Societe de Protection des Plantes du Quebec, 430 Gouin Blvd. Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Quebec J3B 3E6 Canada VL - 79 KW - policy KW - USA KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Safety regulations KW - Plant protection KW - Government policy KW - Pest control KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17668155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytoprotection&rft.atitle=Policy+and+regulations+for+new+organisms+supporting+sustainable+pest+management+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Hutton%2C+P&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytoprotection&rft.issn=00319511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Policy and regulations for registration of microbial organisms in Denmark AN - 17665424; 4589293 AB - The use of microbial pesticides in Denmark are limited, with the relatively largest share used in the greenhouse sector. Approval of a product not sold in Denmark before July 26, 1993 consists of two parts: An EU approval of the active micro-organism, and a national approval of the product containing the active micro-organism. For products sold in Denmark before July 26, 1993 a transitional scheme specified in the Order is applied. Both GMO's and biocides are covered by specific legislation. JF - Phytoprotection AU - Jensen, B Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 5 EP - 9 PB - Societe de Protection des Plantes du Quebec, 430 Gouin Blvd. Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Quebec J3B 3E6 Canada VL - 79 KW - registration KW - Denmark KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Plant protection KW - Pesticides KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17665424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytoprotection&rft.atitle=Policy+and+regulations+for+registration+of+microbial+organisms+in+Denmark&rft.au=Jensen%2C+B&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytoprotection&rft.issn=00319511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation of a procarcinogen by reduction: Cr super(6+) arrow right Cr super(5+) arrow right Cr super(4+) arrow right Cr super(3+). A case study by electron spin resonance (ESR/PMR) AN - 17480848; 4681591 AB - Chromate is a human carcinogen. Since it does not form a covalent DNA adduct in vitro under physiological conditions, and is not mutagenic in vitro in the presence of cytochrome P450 preparations from liver, reduction of Cr super(6+) by cellular reductants to lower oxidation states such as Cr super(5+), Cr super(4+) is considered to be a critical step in the mechanism of carcinogenesis. Long-lived paramagnetic chromium species, Cr super(5+), Cr super(4+), Cr super(3+) are formed in the presence of coenzymes such as NAD(P)H, GSH, and cytochromes. These anionic complexes of reduced chromium are considered potential "penultimate" carcinogens. Various in vitro and in vivo studies from our group have demonstrated the formation of these ionic species using a modified paramagnetic spectroscopy approach. In this review, information is provided on the half-lives of formation and decay, free energy changes, atomic structures and reaction mechanisms of these compounds in situ, in vivo and in vitro, at the molecular, cellular and organismic levels. Hydroxyl radical ( greater than or equal to OH) can be generated from the reaction of these Cr super(5+), Cr super(4+) compounds with H sub(2)O sub(2) by a Fenton-like reaction, as can be demonstrated by molecular spin traps. In addition to greater than or equal to OH radical, a number of other free radicals may be generated from reaction of chromium with cellular reductants and peroxides. These radicals, particularly the hydroxyl radical, are considered the ultimate agents in chromium carcinogenesis. They may break phosophodiester bonds of the DNA double strands, and modify 2'-deoxyguanosine to form promutagenic 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the DNA structure. Genetic expressions are changed at the transcription level. Changes in genetic information may also be passed onto future generations through cell replications to the daughter cells. Thus, greater than or equal to OH from the interaction of Cr super(5+), Cr super(4+) with H sub(2)O sub(2) affects not only differentiation but also cell division, and leads to the development of cancer as a results. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C: Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews AU - Chiu, Authur AU - Chiu, Nancy AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Beaubier, J AU - Dalal, N S AD - National Center for Environment Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 135 EP - 148 PB - Marcel Dekker Journals VL - C16 IS - 2 SN - 1059-0501, 1059-0501 KW - activation KW - chromate KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - E.S.R. KW - Reduction KW - Chromium KW - Carcinogens KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17480848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Chiu%2C+Authur%3BChiu%2C+Nancy%3BShi%2C+Xianglin%3BBeaubier%2C+J%3BDalal%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Chiu&rft.aufirst=Authur&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Activation+of+a+procarcinogen+by+reduction%3A+Cr+super%286%2B%29+arrow+right+Cr+super%285%2B%29+arrow+right+Cr+super%284%2B%29+arrow+right+Cr+super%283%2B%29.+A+case+study+by+electron+spin+resonance+%28ESR%2FPMR%29&rft.title=Activation+of+a+procarcinogen+by+reduction%3A+Cr+super%286%2B%29+arrow+right+Cr+super%285%2B%29+arrow+right+Cr+super%284%2B%29+arrow+right+Cr+super%283%2B%29.+A+case+study+by+electron+spin+resonance+%28ESR%2FPMR%29&rft.issn=10590501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - E.S.R.; Carcinogens; Reduction; Chromium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of chlordane in soil by LC/GC/ECD and LC/GC/EC NIMS with comparison of ASE, SFE, and SOXHLET extraction AN - 17429423; 4645663 AB - Chlordane is a polychlorinated mixture that was used as a long-lived pesticide and now is considered a potential endocrine-disrupting compound. The Environmental Sciences Division is involved in modernizing methods for a number of analytes that are potential target substances for dietary studies, endocrine disrupter studies, Superfund site monitoring, and human exposure studies. In this work, chlordane is determined in soils using each of three different liquid phase/supercritical fluid (CO sub(2)) extractions followed by a two-dimensional chromatographic separation based on high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) followed by GC/electron capture detection (GC/ECD) and GC/electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry (GC/EC NIMS). Liquid phase extractions were carried out using accelerated solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and Soxhlet extraction. The preparative liquid chromatographic part of the work is used in an off-line fractionation mode of HPGPC. Further cleanup is afforded by solid-phase extraction using silica cartridges. Soils spiked at 2 ppm, 0.2 ppm, and 0.02 ppm were quantitated using GC/ECD and GC/EC NIMS with recoveries usually greater than 80%. Soil from a Superfund site and a standard reference material sediment were analyzed as examples of real samples. The modernized methodology developed in this work should offer improved approaches for Superfund analyses and for monitoring methods used in determining potential exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds while minimizing solvent usage compared to previous methodology. JF - Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies AU - Brumley, W C AU - Latorre, E AU - Kelliher, V AU - Marcus, A AU - Knowles, DE AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 1199 EP - 1216 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 1082-6076, 1082-6076 KW - endocrine disruptors KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution detection KW - Gas chromatography KW - Chlordane KW - Soil contamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17429423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Liquid+Chromatography+%26+Related+Technologies&rft.atitle=Determination+of+chlordane+in+soil+by+LC%2FGC%2FECD+and+LC%2FGC%2FEC+NIMS+with+comparison+of+ASE%2C+SFE%2C+and+SOXHLET+extraction&rft.au=Brumley%2C+W+C%3BLatorre%2C+E%3BKelliher%2C+V%3BMarcus%2C+A%3BKnowles%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Brumley&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Liquid+Chromatography+%26+Related+Technologies&rft.issn=10826076&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlordane; Soil contamination; Pollution detection; Gas chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paint spray booth design using recirculation/partitioning ventilation AN - 17394489; 4605872 AB - Many spray painting facility operators have been under pressure to reduce the discharge of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions to the atmosphere. Some operators have been able to convert their operations to lower VOC containing paints and coatings such as powder coating, waterborne coating, and radiation cured coatings. However, because of the functional requirements for some painted surfaces, acceptable paints with low VOC content may not be available. Consequently, these manufacturers may require the continued use of the higher VOC content paint formulations. The control of emissions from paint booths has been considered not economically viable due to the cost of treating the high volume of polluted air exhausted from these sources. Studies conducted by EPA with various Department of Defense (DoD) services, however, have demonstrated that the cost associated with typical spray booth control system can be significantly reduced through the use of spray booth recirculation. Reductions of exhaust flow rates of up to 90 percent may be possible when using recirculation in properly designed and operated booths without concern for the industrial hygiene or fire safety issues often mentioned when discussing recirculating booths. This paper presents the results of the design and demonstration program of full scale recirculating spray paint booths installed and operated at the U. S. Marine Corps (USMC), Marine Corp Logistics Bases (MCLB) facility at Barstow, CA. It also summarizes the regulatory and safety design issues of recirculation spray booths. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Darvin, CH AU - Proffitt, D AU - Ayer, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 199 EP - 202 PB - American Institute of Chemical Engineers VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Ventilation KW - Sprays KW - Emission control KW - Occupational exposure KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Paints KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17394489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=Paint+spray+booth+design+using+recirculation%2Fpartitioning+ventilation&rft.au=Darvin%2C+CH%3BProffitt%2C+D%3BAyer%2C+J&rft.aulast=Darvin&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress&rft.issn=02784491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ventilation; Sprays; Emission control; Volatile organic compounds; Occupational exposure; Paints ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of long-term land application of biosolids on groundwater quality and surface soils AN - 17378087; 4600166 AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the long-term land application of sewage sludge and its potential impact on groundwater quality and surface soils. For this study, an existing site that has been in operation for more than fifteen years was selected for sampling and analyses. From this site, sludge applied soil samples, background soil samples, and groundwater monitoring samples were obtained. The samples were analyzed for the following: pH, conductivity, total solids, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, TKN, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc. The results of this study indicate that groundwater at this sludge application site was not contaminated with heavy metals or pathogens. However, in some instances the groundwater nitrate nitrogen concentrations were slightly higher than background levels due to excessive nutrient loadings. This problem can be alleviated by applying sludge at agronomic rates so that no excess nitrogen is available for leaching. The bacteriological soil data indicated that the levels of fecal coliform and fecal streptococci were similar to background levels with no evidence of contamination. JF - Journal of Environmental Systems AU - Surampalli, R Y AU - Lin, K L AU - Banerji, S K AU - Sievers, D M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, KS, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 305 EP - 324 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2433, 0047-2433 KW - biosolids KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Contamination KW - Sewage sludge KW - Land Disposal KW - Nutrient loading KW - Nutrients KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Microbial contamination KW - Land application KW - Soil KW - Sewage disposal KW - Soils KW - Waste disposal KW - Feces KW - Bacteria KW - Soil Contamination KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Water Quality KW - Pollution Load KW - Solids KW - Pathogens KW - Sludge disposal KW - Sludge KW - Pollution surveys KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Groundwater KW - Environment management KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17378087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Systems&rft.atitle=Impact+of+long-term+land+application+of+biosolids+on+groundwater+quality+and+surface+soils&rft.au=Surampalli%2C+R+Y%3BLin%2C+K+L%3BBanerji%2C+S+K%3BSievers%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Surampalli&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Systems&rft.issn=00472433&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sewage disposal; Pathogenic bacteria; Soils; Groundwater pollution; Nutrients (mineral); Microbial contamination; Pathogens; Waste disposal; Sludge; Environment management; Pollution surveys; Soil; Bacteria; Sewage sludge; Nutrient loading; Sludge disposal; Groundwater; Land application; Soil Contamination; Contamination; Land Disposal; Water Quality; Pollution Load; Groundwater Pollution; Nutrients; Solids; Feces ER - TY - CONF T1 - Enhanced formation of dioxins and furans from combustion devices by addition of trace quantities of bromine AN - 17375824; 4601863 AB - Past pilot-scale experimental studies have shown a dramatic increase in the formation of certain chlorinated products of incomplete combustion (PICs) caused by the addition of trace amounts of bromine (Br). Emissions of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, generated as PICs from the fuel-lean combustion of methylene chloride, were enhanced by up to 3 orders of magnitude by introducing Br in the form of methylene bromide at a constant halogen molar input rate with a 1:10 Br/chlorine (CI) molar ratio. The two chlorinated PICs in question are both potential ring growth precursors, which could lead to enhanced formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs). The experiments described in this paper expand on this earlier work by examining the effect of trace amounts of Br on the formation of PCDDs/PCDFs, in addition to other chlorinated, brominated, and mixed bromo-chloro organic PICs. JF - Waste Management AU - Lemieux, P M AU - Ryan, J V Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 361 EP - 370 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 18 IS - 6-8 KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - trichloroethylene KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Combustion products KW - PCDF KW - Bromine KW - PCDD KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17375824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Enhanced+formation+of+dioxins+and+furans+from+combustion+devices+by+addition+of+trace+quantities+of+bromine&rft.au=Lemieux%2C+P+M%3BRyan%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Lemieux&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6-8&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0956-053X%2898%2900121-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00121-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of an index of biotic integrity and development of reference condition expectations or dunal, palustrine wetland fish communities along the southern shore of Lake Michigan AN - 17363914; 4580118 AB - I modified and calibrated an index of biotic integrity (IBI) to assess wetland quality of dunal, palustrine wetlands along the southern shore of Lake Michigan. Fish communities were sampled using a combination of electrofishing and seining techniques to collect a representative sample. A combination of 50 historical and recent sites were sampled from northeast Illinois and northwest Indiana to develop reference expectations for dunal wetlands less than 35 ha surface area. I examined 36 attributes of wetland fish communities to derive a dunal, palustrine IBI. Several metrics from the original IBI were retained including: total number of species, number of sensitive species, and percent tolerant species. Trophic composition characters included the percentage of omnivores and insectivores. Fish condition was evaluated using the catch-per-unit of effort and the percentage of deformities, eroded fins, lesions, and tumours (DELT). Several metrics were modified from the original IBI to better reflect water resource quality in dunal wetlands. The number of darter species was replaced by a combination of the ecologically similar number of darter and madtom species; number of sunfish species was modified to the number of centrarchid species, which included the black bass species; number of sucker species was replaced by the number of minnow species since few sucker species were anticipated in dunal wetlands; and I substituted percent carnivores with percent pioneer species. Pioneer species reflect wetland stability and water permanence. Hybrids were not important constituents of wetland communities and did not show a relationship with wetland degradation, so I substituted the percentage of lake-obligate species to reflect species that were dominant in lentic waters. JF - Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management AU - Simon, T P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Division, Chicago, IL 60604, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 49 EP - 62 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1463-4988, 1463-4988 KW - USA, Illinois KW - USA, Indiana KW - USA, Michigan L. KW - index of biotic integrity KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Classification systems KW - Lentic Environment KW - Tolerance KW - Calibration KW - Pollution effects KW - Indices KW - Water quality KW - Freshwater fish KW - Pisces KW - Biota KW - Calibrations KW - Aquatic communities KW - Lesions KW - Wetlands KW - Sampling KW - Bioindicators KW - biodiversity KW - Freshwater environments KW - Biological Sampling KW - Water Quality KW - Lake Shores KW - Community composition KW - Indexing KW - Dunes KW - Fish Populations KW - Stability Analysis KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17363914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Ecosystem+Health+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Modification+of+an+index+of+biotic+integrity+and+development+of+reference+condition+expectations+or+dunal%2C+palustrine+wetland+fish+communities+along+the+southern+shore+of+Lake+Michigan&rft.au=Simon%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Ecosystem+Health+%26+Management&rft.issn=14634988&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1463-4988%2898%2900006-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Classification systems; biodiversity; Aquatic communities; Wetlands; Freshwater fish; Bioindicators; Pisces; Community composition; Biota; Freshwater environments; Pollution effects; Lesions; Water quality; Tolerance; Dunes; Calibration; Sampling; Indices; Water quality (Natural waters); Lentic Environment; Lake Shores; Calibrations; Indexing; Biological Sampling; Water Quality; Fish Populations; Stability Analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1463-4988(98)00006-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of an index of biotic integrity for dunal, palustrine wetlands: emphasis on assessment of nonpoint source landfill effects on the Grand Calumet Lagoons AN - 17362201; 4580119 AB - Using a newly modified index of biotic integrity for assessing biological integrity of fish communities in dunal, palustrine wetlands, we assessed the non-point source influence of an industrial landfill on the Grand Calumet Lagoons. The landfill is primarily an iron and steel manufacturer's slag waste. No sensitive species, hybrids, headwater species, and either few or no simple lithophilic spawning species were collected from any of the sites in the Grand Calumet Lagoons. Species catch-per-unit of effort varied significantly between reaches in the Middle Lagoon and the West Lagoon. The most disturbed areas were adjacent to the industrial landfill and along the southern shore near the outflow from the West Lagoon. Near- and far-field stations possessed similar numbers of species and relative abundance. The near-field stations showed an increase in tolerant species, a higher proportion of omnivores and carnivores, and a lower environmental quality rating of 'poor-very poor'. The far-field sites were classified as having 'fair' biological integrity and showed an increase in relative abundance, proportion of sensitive species, and an increase in simple lithophils. The loss of biological integrity in the West Pond was not accurately predicted using the modified index of biotic integrity, even though it was rated as extremely degraded by the biological diversity indices. Fish communities were negatively impacted by proximity to the landfill. JF - Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management AU - Simon, T P AU - Stewart, P M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Division, Chicago, IL 60604, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 63 EP - 74 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1463-4988, 1463-4988 KW - USA, Illinois, Grand Calumet Lagoon KW - USA, Indiana, Grand Calumet Lagoon KW - index of biotic integrity KW - landfills KW - slag waste KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Prediction KW - Tolerance KW - Degradation KW - Landfills KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Abundance KW - Pollution effects KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Lagooning KW - Metal industry wastes KW - Water quality KW - Decomposition KW - Lagoons KW - Biota KW - Industrial wastes KW - Classification KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Wetlands KW - Steel KW - Bioindicators KW - Pollution tolerance KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Community composition KW - Landfills (see also Waste disposal sites) KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Species diversity KW - Dunes KW - Fish Populations KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Iron KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17362201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Ecosystem+Health+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Application+of+an+index+of+biotic+integrity+for+dunal%2C+palustrine+wetlands%3A+emphasis+on+assessment+of+nonpoint+source+landfill+effects+on+the+Grand+Calumet+Lagoons&rft.au=Simon%2C+T+P%3BStewart%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Ecosystem+Health+%26+Management&rft.issn=14634988&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1463-4988%2898%2900007-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution tolerance; Community composition; Industrial wastes; Dunes; Species diversity; Abundance; Waste disposal sites; Pollution effects; Wetlands; Steel; Lagoons; Iron; Bioindicators; Biota; Landfills; Water quality; Metal industry wastes; Nonpoint pollution; Tolerance; Landfills (see also Waste disposal sites); Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Distribution (Mathematical); Lagooning; Pollution (Water); Decomposition; Prediction; Classification; Degradation; Water Pollution Effects; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Fish Populations; Spatial Distribution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1463-4988(98)00007-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation of PCB-contaminated sediments in Lake Jaernsjoen: Investigations, considerations and remedial actions AN - 17359040; 4646062 AB - Remediation of Lake Jaernsjoen in Emaan (a river in southeastern Sweden) is a part of the Swedish National Site Remediation Action Plan. The lake contained approx. 400 kg PCB that were slowly leaching out from the sediments into Emaan. Dredging of about 150 000 m3 was carried out in 1993 and 1994. According to the follow-up, 394 kg of PCB were removed, which constituted about 97% of the estimated total amount of PCB in the lake. In the areas included in the remediation operation, about 2.9 kg of PCB were left. After remediation the concentration of PCBs in the lake decreased from 8.6 ng L-1 in 1991 to 2.7 ng L -1 in 1996. PCB concentrations in fish from Jaernsjoen decreased from 34 mu g g-1 extractable fat in 1991 to 16 mu g g-1 in 1996. Remediation resulted in lowered PCB concentrations in sediments, decreasing from 5 to 0.06 mu g g-1 d.w. Two years after the remedial activities, the EROD activity was slightly induced in caged rainbow trout, but the fish showed no sign of histopathological changes. JF - Ambio AU - Gullbring, P AU - Hammar, T AU - Helgee, A AU - Troedsson, B AU - Hansson, K AU - Hansson, F AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency s-106 48 Stockholm Sweden, pegnviron.se Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 374 EP - 384 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - Brown trout KW - Sheatfish KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Salmo trutta KW - Rivers KW - Sweden, Kalmar, Jaernsjoen L. KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Sweden, Kalmar, Emaan R. KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Sediments KW - Cleaning KW - Lakes KW - Silurus glanis KW - Dredging KW - PCB KW - Pollution control KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17359040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Remediation+of+PCB-contaminated+sediments+in+Lake+Jaernsjoen%3A+Investigations%2C+considerations+and+remedial+actions&rft.au=Gullbring%2C+P%3BHammar%2C+T%3BHelgee%2C+A%3BTroedsson%2C+B%3BHansson%2C+K%3BHansson%2C+F&rft.aulast=Gullbring&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Lakes; Dredging; Freshwater fish; PCB; Sediments; Cleaning; Pollution control; Salmo trutta; Silurus glanis; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Sweden, Kalmar, Jaernsjoen L.; Sweden, Kalmar, Emaan R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of mercury-species-dependent binding with natural organic carbon AN - 17352122; 4642247 AB - In contrast to many other metal/metalloid contaminants, mercury (Hg) displays a complex environmental speciation behaviour. Widespread, detectable environmental Hg species include divalent mercury (Hg super(2+)), elemental mercury (Hg super(o)) and monomethylmercury (CH sub(3)Hg super(+)). Less frequently encountered compounds include dimethylmercury ((CH sub(3)) sub(2)Hg; more common in marine environments), monovalent mercury (Hg sub(2) super(2+); a species that disproportionates via the following reaction: Hg sub(2) super(2+) reversible reaction Hg super(2+) + Hg super(o)) and, more recently, detectable quantities of ethylmercury compounds (e.g., C sub(2)H sub(5)Hg super(+), C sub(2)H sub(5)HgC sub(2)H sub(5), etc.) have been reported in environmental media. Environmental mercury is frequently observed to be associated with natural organic matter in aquatic environments. The present study assesses the potential binding of Hg super(2+), Hg super(o), CH sub(3)Hg super(+) and (CH sub(3)) sub(2)Hg with natural organic matter by hydrophobic and ionic mechanisms. The findings suggest: (1) although potential hydrophobic binding with natural organic matter will likely occur in the following sequence (CH sub(3)) sub(2)Hg>Hg super(p)>CH sub(3)HgX (where X = OH- or Cl-), none of these species appear to be strongly hydrophobic and hence, hydrophobic processes cannot explain observed organic matter-mercury associations in low-solids-content aquatic systems; (2) hydrophobic binding mechanisms of the various mercury species are insufficient to explain observed environmental bioconcentration factors; (3) ionic mercury binding with carboxyl-type sites on natural organic carbon is not sufficiently energetic to explain observed Hg-organic matter associations in the environment; and (4) environmental mercury binding with organic matter probably occurs through ionic reactions with naturally occurring sulfhydryl binding sites. JF - Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability AU - Loux, N T AD - Ecosystem Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 127 EP - 136 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0954-2299, 0954-2299 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Ions KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Organic carbon KW - Mercury compounds KW - Organic compounds KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17352122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Speciation+and+Bioavailability&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+mercury-species-dependent+binding+with+natural+organic+carbon&rft.au=Loux%2C+N+T&rft.aulast=Loux&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Speciation+and+Bioavailability&rft.issn=09542299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ions; Bioaccumulation; Organic carbon; Mercury compounds; Organic compounds ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effects of combustion parameters on polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran homologue profiles from municipal waste and coal co-combustion AN - 17325496; 4601877 AB - Variation in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD and PCDF) homologue profiles from a pilot scale (0.6 MW sub(t), 2x10 super(6) Btu/h), co-fired-fuel [densified refuse derived fuel (dRDF) and high-sulfur Illinois coal] combustion system was used to provide insights into effects of combustion parameters on PCDD and PCDF pollutant formation. A 24-run, statistically designed test matrix varied dRDF and/or coal firing rates (at a constant targeted energy release rate) along with a range of process variables including calcium hydroxide injection, hydrogen chloride (HCl) concentration, flue gas temperature, quench, and residence time such that the results would be relatable to a wide variety of combustion conditions. Statistical analysis of the molar homologue profiles enabled interpretation based on non-confounding variables. A multivariate, generalized additive model, based on transformations of the design variables, described 83% of the variation of the profiles characterized by log ratios of the homologue molar concentrations. This method identifies the operating parameters that are most significant in determining the PCDD/F homologue profiles. The model can be exercised to predict homologue profiles through input of these system-specific operating parameters. For example, both higher HCl and sulfur dioxide concentrations favor higher relative formation of the lower chlorinated PCDF homologues. JF - Waste Management AU - Gullett, B K AU - Dunn, JE AU - Bae, S-K AU - Raghunathan, K Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 473 EP - 483 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 18 IS - 6-8 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Combustion products KW - PCDF KW - Municipal wastes KW - Coal KW - PCDD KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17325496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+combustion+parameters+on+polychlorinated+dibenzodioxin+and+dibenzofuran+homologue+profiles+from+municipal+waste+and+coal+co-combustion&rft.au=Gullett%2C+B+K%3BDunn%2C+JE%3BBae%2C+S-K%3BRaghunathan%2C+K&rft.aulast=Gullett&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6-8&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0956-053X%2898%2900132-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00132-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of organ procurement conditions on cytochrome P-450 activity in rat liver microsomes AN - 17247911; 4524828 AB - Key metabolic processes in human liver are evaluated in vitro by the use of hepatic microsomes and other fractions prepared from the livers of organ donors. This is an improvement over the previous use of samples from cadaver livers, which are metabolically compromised. The evaluation of metabolism in compromised samples can have dramatic consequences. The assessment of metabolic activation in compromised tissue may underestimate the ability to form toxic metabolites. Conversely, the use of compromised tissue may result in an overestimate of the toxicity of a normally detoxicated compound. Because of these reasons, our aim was to examine the stability of cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-dependent metabolic activity in microsomes prepared from rat liver subjected to the same conditions as donated human liver. These results indicate that metabolic activities of several individual CYP forms did not decay during 24 h in storage at 4 degree C between organ removal and microsome preparation. We conclude that perfusion and cold storage for periods of less than or equal to 24 h do not reduce the activity of several CYP forms present in prepared microsomes. JF - In Vitro & Molecular Toxicology AU - Lipscomb, J C AU - Garrett, C M AD - US EPA/NCEA-Cin, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, MC-190, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 265 EP - 270 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1097-9336, 1097-9336 KW - man KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cold storage KW - Microsomes KW - Liver KW - Cytochrome P450 KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17247911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+%26+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+organ+procurement+conditions+on+cytochrome+P-450+activity+in+rat+liver+microsomes&rft.au=Lipscomb%2C+J+C%3BGarrett%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Lipscomb&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+%26+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.issn=10979336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liver; Cold storage; Microsomes; Toxicity testing; Cytochrome P450 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing styrene emissions from sprayed filled resins AN - 17243637; 4533042 AB - This article presents the results of a four-week study designed to quantify the effects of various pollution prevention alternatives on styrene emissions from the manufacture of fiber-reinforced plastics/composites products. JF - Pollution Prevention Review AU - Nunez, C M AU - Ramsey, G H AU - Kong, E J AU - Wright, R S AU - Clayton, CA AD - EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 17 EP - 28 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1079-0276, 1079-0276 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Styrene KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Pollution prevention KW - Emission control KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17243637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pollution+Prevention+Review&rft.atitle=Reducing+styrene+emissions+from+sprayed+filled+resins&rft.au=Nunez%2C+C+M%3BRamsey%2C+G+H%3BKong%2C+E+J%3BWright%2C+R+S%3BClayton%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Nunez&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pollution+Prevention+Review&rft.issn=10790276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manufacturing industry; Pollution prevention; Emission control; Styrene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SITE Program Success: Cost Savings to Government and Increased Revenue for Technology Vendors AN - 17189920; 4480117 AB - The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program is a program mandated by Congress through the 1986 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). The original Superfund allowed no provisions for research and development of needed remediation technologies. Problems arose when the demand for involved, complex treatment could not be met by the traditional contain, haul, and dispose process that hazardous waste handlers had become familiar with. In response to the increasing complexity of hazardous waste site remediation, SARA called for an "Alternative or Innovative Treatment Technology Research and Demonstration Program." As a result, EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response and the Office of Research and Development established the SITE program. This article is a historical analysis of the unique cost savings of the SITE program. JF - Remediation AU - Gatchett, A M AU - Edwards, K S AD - Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 19 EP - 28 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1051-5658, 1051-5658 KW - SARA KW - SITE KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Pollution clean-up KW - Superfund KW - Federal programs KW - Remediation KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Economics KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Legislation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17189920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remediation&rft.atitle=SITE+Program+Success%3A+Cost+Savings+to+Government+and+Increased+Revenue+for+Technology+Vendors&rft.au=Gatchett%2C+A+M%3BEdwards%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Gatchett&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remediation&rft.issn=10515658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics; Waste disposal sites; Federal programs; Legislation; Historical account; Pollution clean-up; Hazardous wastes; Remediation; Superfund ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of cholinergic neurons in rat brain regions: Dose-dependent effects of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism AN - 17139111; 4442512 AB - The effects of hypothyroidism on development of cholinergic system in brain regions (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) were evaluated by measuring choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and hemicholinium-3 binding to the high-affinity choline transporter. Various degrees of thyroid deficiency were produced by perinatal exposure to propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water ranging from 5 ppm (mg/1) to 25 ppm beginning at gestational day 18 until postnatal day 21. ChAT, a marker for cholinergic nerve terminals, was reduced by PTU in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitant with the enzyme deficits, hemicholinium-3 binding was elevated, suggesting an increase in neuronal impulse activity. Although similar changes were seen in both brain regions examined, the magnitude and duration of these changes were more definitive in the prefrontal cortex. Nonetheless, these neurochemical alterations appeared to be recoverable when the rats returned to a euthyroid state, and no further changes were observed as the animals reached adulthood. In comparison, data reported in a succeeding article indicate that deficits in cognitive function were first seen in weanling hypothyroid rats, but that the behavioral impairments lasted well into adulthood when thyroid status and cholinergic parameters in the brain appeared to have recovered to normal. These results suggest that alterations of cholinergic system caused by perinatal hypothyroidism are associated with neurobehavioral deficits at weaning, and these developmental deviations may cause permanent impairment of cognitive function despite recovery from the hormonal imbalance at adult ages. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Sawin, S AU - Brodish, P AU - Carter, C S AU - Stanton, ME AU - Lau, C AD - Mail Drop 67, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, lau.christopher@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 627 EP - 635 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - choline O-acetyltransferase KW - hemicholinium 3 KW - propylthiouracil KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Prenatal experience KW - Hippocampus KW - Cholinergic nerves KW - Development KW - Hypothyroidism KW - Cortex (prefrontal) KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - N3 11044:Mammals (except primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17139111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Development+of+cholinergic+neurons+in+rat+brain+regions%3A+Dose-dependent+effects+of+propylthiouracil-induced+hypothyroidism&rft.au=Sawin%2C+S%3BBrodish%2C+P%3BCarter%2C+C+S%3BStanton%2C+ME%3BLau%2C+C&rft.aulast=Sawin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cholinergic nerves; Hypothyroidism; Prenatal experience; Development; Hippocampus; Cortex (prefrontal) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil bioremediation: Review of land treatment and composting options AN - 17137391; 4435751 AB - The harnessing of microorganisms to degrade hazardous organic wastes continues to be an important option in the remediation of contaminated soils. Land treatment and composting technologies continue to be reasonable options for the bioremediation of soils. Practical approaches for enhancing the activity of the microbial components of these technologies is reviewed. JF - Land Contamination & Reclamation AU - Rogers, JE AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 215 EP - 222 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0967-0513, 0967-0513 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil remediation KW - Biodegradation KW - Bioremediation KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Composting KW - Waste treatment KW - Reviews KW - Technology KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17137391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Land+Contamination+%26+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Soil+bioremediation%3A+Review+of+land+treatment+and+composting+options&rft.au=Rogers%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Land+Contamination+%26+Reclamation&rft.issn=09670513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil remediation; Reviews; Soil microorganisms; Technology; Bioremediation; Waste treatment; Composting; Biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NOAEL and LOAEL determinations of acute hepatotoxicity for chloroform and bromodichloromethane delivered in an aqueous vehicle to F344 rats AN - 17110667; 4422085 AB - Chloroform (CHCl sub(3)) and bromodichloromethane (BDCM) are generally the two most prevalent disinfection by-products formed during chlorination of drinking water, and both have been shown to be hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and carcinogenic in rodents. As the toxicity of these trihalomethanes (THMs) has most often been studied with corn oil as the vehicle of administration, the objectives of this study were to assess hepatotoxicity after exposure to single, low dosages of CHCl sub(3) and BDCM given orally in an aqueous vehicle to estimate a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) and a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and to compare toxic potency. Ninety-day-old male Fischer 344 rats were gavaged with either 0.125, 0.1875, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, or 1.5 mmol CHCl sub(3) or BDCM/kg body weight in 10% Alkamuls EL-620 (5 ml/kg body weight). At 24 h postgavage, serum was collected for analysis of clinical chemistry indicators of liver damage. Both CHCl sub(3) and BDCM induced dose-dependent hepatotoxicity; serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase were elevated significantly over control at 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 mmol/kg. At these dose levels after 24 h, the two THMs appeared to be equipotent hepatotoxicants. Additional assessments at later time points demonstrated that BDCM causes more persistent liver damage than CHCl sub(3) (Lilly et al., 1997). At 0.25, 0.1875, and 0.125 mmol of either THM/kg, significant increases over control were not detected for any measured endpoint. Therefore, these data indicate that the acute, oral NOAELs and LOAELs for liver toxicity are 0.25 and 0.5 mmol/kg, respectively, for both CHCl sub(3) and BDCM. These determinations should provide a basis to establish new exposure limits for One-Day Health Advisories for these prevalent THMs. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A AU - Keegan, TE AU - Simmons, JE AU - Pegram, R A AD - U.S. EPA, NHEERL, MD-74, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, pegram.rex@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 65 EP - 75 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - bromodichloromethane KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chloroform KW - Chlorination KW - Drinking water KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17110667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=NOAEL+and+LOAEL+determinations+of+acute+hepatotoxicity+for+chloroform+and+bromodichloromethane+delivered+in+an+aqueous+vehicle+to+F344+rats&rft.au=Keegan%2C+TE%3BSimmons%2C+JE%3BPegram%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorination; Chloroform; Drinking water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A bioenergetics modeling evaluation of top-down control of ruffe in the St. Louis River, western Lake Superior AN - 17109215; 4408363 AB - Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), were accidentally introduced into the St. Louis River estuary, western Lake Superior, in the mid 1980s and it was feared that they might affect native fish through predation on eggs and competition for forage and habitat. In an effort to control the abundance of ruffe and limit dispersal, a top-down control strategy using predators was implemented in 1989. We used bioenergetics modeling to examine the efficacy of top-down control in the St. Louis River from 1991 to 1994. Five predators--northern pike (Esox lucius), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum), small-mouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens)--were modeled to determine their consumption of ruffe and four other native prey species--spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus). Although predators ate as much as 47% of the ruffe biomass in 1 year, they were not able to halt the increase in ruffe abundance. The St. Louis River is an open system that allows predators to move freely out of the system, and the biomass of managed predators did not increase. A selectivity index showed all five predators selected the native prey and avoided ruffe. The St. Louis River has several predator and prey species creating many complex predator-prey interactions; and top-down control of ruffe by the predators examined in this study did not occur. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - Mayo, K R AU - Selgeby, J H AU - McDonald, ME AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9, 75 Hawthorne St. (CMO-3), San Francisco, CA 94105-3901 USA, mayo.kathypamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 329 EP - 342 PB - International Association for Great lakes Research VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - Blacktail KW - North America, Superior L., St. Louis R. KW - Northern pike KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Walleye KW - Yellow perch KW - bioenergetics modeling KW - mathematical models KW - ruffe KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - USA, Superior L. KW - Bioenergetics KW - Stizostedion vitreum vitreum KW - Fish eggs KW - Perca flavescens KW - Predation KW - Prey selection KW - Freshwater KW - Models KW - Evaluation KW - Exotic species KW - Population changes KW - Natural populations KW - Food webs KW - Estuaries KW - Gymnocephalus cernua KW - Biomass KW - Esox lucius KW - Food preferences KW - Introduced species KW - Selectivity KW - SW 6090:Fisheries engineering KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04668:Fish KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17109215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=A+bioenergetics+modeling+evaluation+of+top-down+control+of+ruffe+in+the+St.+Louis+River%2C+western+Lake+Superior&rft.au=Mayo%2C+K+R%3BSelgeby%2C+J+H%3BMcDonald%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Mayo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Bioenergetics; Fish eggs; Predation; Estuaries; Prey selection; Biomass; Models; Evaluation; Natural populations; Food preferences; Introduced species; Food webs; Exotic species; Population changes; Selectivity; Stizostedion vitreum vitreum; Perca flavescens; Gymnocephalus cernua; Esox lucius; USA, Superior L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative abundance and distribution of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) in a Lake Superior coastal wetland fish assemblage AN - 17108825; 4408359 AB - Fish assemblages from Allouez Bay Wetland in the St. Louis River estuary were sampled with fyke-nets from May to October, 1995, to characterize typical use patterns in different seasons and microhabitats. The relative abundance and distribution of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) in these habitats was of interest because their recent invasion into the Great Lakes has the potential to disrupt native fish assemblages. A total of 15,867 fish comprised of 34 species were captured in 2,300 h of netting. The majority of fish over the whole study were caught in the outer marsh (63%, 9,957 individuals), and seasonally during late June (7,384 individuals/4 net-nights) and early May (2,281 individuals). Yellow perch (Perca flavescens), brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus), emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides), and silver redhorse (Moxostoma anisurum) were the most abundant species, comprising 85 percent of the total catch. Ruffe was the seventh most abundant species captured (294 individuals), comprising only two percent of the total catch. They were the fifth most abundant species in the outer marsh, but only thirteenth most abundant in the inner marsh. Ninety-one percent of all ruffe (268 individuals) were caught in the outer marsh. Of the 75 species by life-stage combinations derived by classifying all individuals captured into one of 3 life stage categories (YOY, yearling, and adult), yearling ruffe were the twelfth most abundant, adult ruffe were sixteenth, and YOY ruffe were twenty-seventh. While ruffe have been the most abundant fish captured in bottom trawls in St. Louis River estuary during the 1990s, our results indicate the invasion of ruffe in shallow, heavily vegetated areas like those in Allouez Bay has been much less successful. Our results also suggest further degradation of coastal wetlands and other vegetated habitats would eliminate significant refugia from ruffe competition and could lead to increased dominance of ruffe in shallow water habitats in the Great Lakes. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - Brazner, J C AU - Tanner, D K AU - Jensen, DA AU - Lemke, A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA, EPAJBsub(U)4500.dul.epa.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 293 EP - 303 PB - International Association for Great lakes Research VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - Blacktail KW - North America, Superior L., St. Louis R. KW - USA, Minnesota KW - abundance KW - ecological distribution KW - ruffe KW - seasonal variations KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Superior L. KW - Degradation KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Predation KW - Population density KW - Freshwater KW - Aquatic habitats KW - Population dynamics KW - Habitat selection KW - Exotic species KW - Wetlands KW - Coasts KW - Age composition KW - Refuges KW - Population characteristics KW - Estuaries KW - Gymnocephalus cernua KW - Marshes KW - Fish populations KW - Community structure KW - Introduced species KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17108825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Relative+abundance+and+distribution+of+ruffe+%28Gymnocephalus+cernuus%29+in+a+Lake+Superior+coastal+wetland+fish+assemblage&rft.au=Brazner%2C+J+C%3BTanner%2C+D+K%3BJensen%2C+DA%3BLemke%2C+A&rft.aulast=Brazner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age composition; Refuges; Population characteristics; Degradation; Ecological distribution; Estuaries; Predation; Abundance; Population density; Marshes; Habitat selection; Population dynamics; Wetlands; Introduced species; Coasts; Community structure; Exotic species; Fish populations; Aquatic habitats; Gymnocephalus cernua; USA, Superior L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of storage time on toxicity of freshwater sediments to benthic macroinvertebrates AN - 17106765; 4419732 AB - Guidance concerning recommended storage times for sediments to be used in toxicity tests generally has not been based upon systematically collected experimental data. The objective of this study was to better define the effects of storage time on toxicity of a series of freshwater sediments. Sixteen sediments with varying types of contaminants were collected, homogenized and stored at 4 degree C in 1 liter aliquots, which were periodically tested for toxicity to the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the midge Chironomus tentans after storage times of up to 101 weeks. The sediments ranged from non-toxic to extremely toxic (100% mortality) in 10-day assays, with several of the samples displaying an intermediate degree of toxicity (e.g. partial mortality, reduced growth). Biological responses in most of the samples did not vary with time relative to their statistical relationship to control values; samples identified initially as toxic (or non-toxic) tended to remain toxic (or non-toxic) regardless of when they were tested. The variations that were observed in biological responses over time generally were not systematic; that is, there were no apparent trends in samples becoming more (or less) toxic in the 10-day assays. This suggests that the source of at least some of the temporal changes in toxicity were due to inherent biological variability of the assays used to assess the sediments, rather than the effects of storage. In C. tentans tests with the least toxic sediments, among-replicate variability tended to be greater in initial assays than in tests with samples that had been stored for some period of time. This may have been due to the presence of indigenous competitive or predatory organisms that did not survive during prolonged storage. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - DeFoe, D L AU - Ankley, G T AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 123 EP - 131 VL - 99 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Chironomus tentans KW - Diptera KW - Hyalella azteca KW - Midges KW - temporal variations KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Sediment contamination KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Bioassay KW - Aquatic insects KW - Rivers KW - Freshwater environments KW - Storage KW - Contaminants KW - Toxicity testing KW - Chironomidae KW - Pollution effects KW - Growth KW - Sediment pollution KW - Mortality KW - Toxicity KW - Sediments KW - Water pollution KW - Freshwater ecosystems KW - Zoobenthos KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17106765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Influence+of+storage+time+on+toxicity+of+freshwater+sediments+to+benthic+macroinvertebrates&rft.au=DeFoe%2C+D+L%3BAnkley%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=DeFoe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Rivers; Mortality; Sediment pollution; Growth; Pollution effects; Toxicity; Zoobenthos; Aquatic insects; Water pollution; Sediments; Freshwater environments; Freshwater ecosystems; Contaminants; Toxicity testing; Sediment contamination; Macroinvertebrates; Bioassay; Hyalella azteca; Chironomidae; Chironomus tentans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling PCB bioaccumulation by the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron AN - 17098208; 4403686 AB - Zebra mussels were collected from navigation buoys in Saginaw Bay and the lower Saginaw River and analyzed for PCBs. Total PCB concentrations ranged from 0.076 to 1.2 mu g/g, with the highest values for zebra mussels collected near the mouth of the Saginaw River. These data were combined with PCB concentration measurements in water and suspended solids to calculate congener-specific partition coefficients and bioaccumulation factors. Lipid-normalized bioaccumulation factors for PCB congeners ranged from 10 super(5.6)ito 10 super(7.0)i. A model based on three-phase equilibrium partitioning and a bioaccumulation mass balance were applied to simulate the concentration ratios. Model results provided an unbiased best fit of the observed partition coefficients and bioaccumulation factors, as well as optimum parameter estimates. PCB fluxes mediated by zebra mussels were calculated from the model. Transfer across the gut was found to be the predominant route of PCB uptake for zebra mussels. Egestion and fecal excretion were estimated to generate a PCB flux of 1 to 30 mu g/m super(2)i/d at zebra mussel densities reported for the Great Lakes. This flux exceeds the gross settling flux of PCBs to inner Saginaw Bay, demonstrating the potential of zebra mussels to alter particle and contaminant fluxes in the Great Lakes ecosystem. Zebra mussels may contain as much PCBs as the surficial sediments in Saginaw Bay. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - Endicott, D AU - Kreis, RG Jr AU - Mackelburg, L AU - Kandt, D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA, DDEloyd.grl.epa.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 411 EP - 426 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - Dreissena polymorpha KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - North America, Huron L. KW - North America, Huron L., Saginaw Bay KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - USA, Michigan KW - USA, Michigan, Saginaw Bay KW - Zebra mussel KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Lakes KW - USA, Michigan, Huron L., Saginaw Bay KW - Pollution indicators KW - PCB KW - Freshwater pollution KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Ecosystem dynamics KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Pollution effects KW - Models KW - Mollusca KW - Sampling KW - PCB compounds KW - Simulation KW - Water pollution effects KW - Zebra mussels KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Freshwater organisms KW - Introduced species KW - Indicator species KW - Q1 08266:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - D 04802:Pollution characteristics and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17098208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Modeling+PCB+bioaccumulation+by+the+zebra+mussel+%28Dreissena+polymorpha%29+in+Saginaw+Bay%2C+Lake+Huron&rft.au=Endicott%2C+D%3BKreis%2C+RG+Jr%3BMackelburg%2C+L%3BKandt%2C+D&rft.aulast=Endicott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Pollution effects; Simulation; Water pollution effects; Models; Lakes; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Bioaccumulation; Freshwater organisms; Sampling; Introduced species; Pollution indicators; PCB; Indicator species; Freshwater pollution; polychlorinated biphenyls; Ecosystem dynamics; PCB compounds; Mollusca; Zebra mussels; Dreissena polymorpha; USA, Michigan, Huron L., Saginaw Bay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperate viruses and lysogeny in Lake Superior bacterioplankton AN - 16556158; 4392030 AB - The morphology and abundance of free viruses were measured in spring, summer, and fall at one site in Lake Superior. Free viral head sizes ranged from 10 to 70 nm and tail length ranged from 10 to 110 nm. The vast majority (98%) of free viral head sizes were less than or equal to 60 nm, smaller than reported in most freshwater habitats. Most of these free viruses (70%) had polyhedral heads and tails, indicative of bacteriophage. Free viral abundance only ranged from 0.1 to 9 x 10 super(6) viruses ml super(-1) in the surface microlayer (top 20 mu m) and subsurface water (20 m) in Lake Superior, but viruses were 2-15 times more abundant in the surface microlayer. This difference may be due to the enrichment of bacterial hosts, higher levels of UV light that induce temperate phage, or differences in viral burst sizes in the surface microlayer relative to subsurface water. Bacterioplankton were always more abundant than free viruses in both the surface microlayer and subsurface water, which resulted in some of the lowest virus-to-bacterium ratios reported for marine or freshwater environments. Temperate viruses from both habitats responded equally to mitomycin-C and UV light treatments used to induce prophage into lytic cycles. An estimated 0.1-7.4% of the bacterioplankton from this site in Lake Superior contained temperate prophage depending on viral burst sizes that were assumed. Three times more bacteria in the surface microlayer may contain temperate viruses compared to bacterioplankton in subsurface waters. In the western arm of Lake Superior, bacterioplankton infected by temperate phage may be more important for the survival of bacteriophage populations than as future carbon sources for new microbial production. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Tapper, MA AU - Hicks, R E AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 95 EP - 103 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - North America, Superior L. KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Phages KW - Temperate zone KW - Viruses KW - Survival KW - Aquatic habitats KW - Bacterioplankton KW - Lakes KW - U.V. radiation KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Seasonal variations KW - Bacteria KW - Biological production KW - Bacteriophage KW - Zooplankton KW - Viral diseases KW - Morphology KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - J 02750:Phage-host interactions KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - V 22070:Phage-host interactions including lysogeny & transduction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16556158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Temperate+viruses+and+lysogeny+in+Lake+Superior+bacterioplankton&rft.au=Tapper%2C+MA%3BHicks%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Tapper&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteria; Biological production; Lakes; Viral diseases; Ultraviolet radiation; Viruses; Zooplankton; Survival; Seasonal variations; Bacterioplankton; Phages; U.V. radiation; Morphology; Bacteriophage; Temperate zone; Aquatic habitats; North America, Superior L. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical oxidation treatment of petroleum contaminated soil using Fenton's reagent AN - 16555727; 4397864 AB - Fenton's reagent, a strong oxidant, was evaluated for suitability to treat soils contaminated with 2-methylnaphthalene (an aromatic compound), n-hexdecane (an aliphatic compound) and diesel fuel (a complicated hydrocarbon mixture). Laboratory-scale results show that Fenton's reagent reacts rapidly with these materials in soil, and will completely mineralize them if enough hydrogen peroxide is added. The effectiveness of the reaction at neutral pH indicates that it should be easier and more cost-effective to apply this technology since no pH adjustment is required prior to soil treatment. Further investigation is required to identify the reaction mechanisms and optimize the parameters to attain the most cost-effective full scale application of this technology. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering AU - Chen, C T AU - Tafuri, AN AU - Rahman, M AU - Foerst, M B AD - Urban Watershed Management Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2890 Woodbridge Avenue, MS-104, Edison, New Jersey 08837-3679, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 987 EP - 1008 VL - A33 IS - 6 SN - 1093-4529, 1093-4529 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Aliphatic compounds KW - Chemical treatment KW - Soil contamination KW - Mineralization KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Petroleum KW - Oxidants KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16555727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Toxic%2FHazardous+Substances+%26+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Chemical+oxidation+treatment+of+petroleum+contaminated+soil+using+Fenton%27s+reagent&rft.au=Chen%2C+C+T%3BTafuri%2C+AN%3BRahman%2C+M%3BFoerst%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=A33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=987&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Toxic%2FHazardous+Substances+%26+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=10934529&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxidants; Aromatic compounds; Soil contamination; Mineralization; Petroleum; Hydrocarbons; Aliphatic compounds; Chemical treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Model for diffusion controlled bioavailability of crude oil components AN - 16533784; 4351207 AB - Crude oil is a complex mixture of several different structural classes of compounds including alkanes, aromatics, heterocyclic polar compounds, and asphaltenes. The rate and extent of microbial degradation of crude oil depends on the interaction between the physical and biochemical properties of the biodegradable compounds and their interactions with the non-biodegradable fraction. In this study we have systematically altered the concentration of non-biodegradable material in the crude oil and analyzed its impact on transport of the biodegradable components of crude oil to the microorganisms. We have also developed a mathematical model that explains and accounts for the dependence of biodegradation of crude oil through a putative bioavailability parameter. Experimental results indicate that as the asphaltene concentration in oil increases, the maximum oxygen uptake in respirometers decreases. The mathematically fitted bioavailability parameter of degradable components of oil also decreases as the asphaltene concentration increases. JF - Biodegradation AU - Uraizee, F A AU - Venosa, AD AU - Suidan, M T AD - National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 287 EP - 296 VL - 8 IS - 5 SN - 0923-9820, 0923-9820 KW - alkanes KW - aromatics KW - asphaltenes KW - transport processes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - A 01061:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16533784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodegradation&rft.atitle=A+Model+for+diffusion+controlled+bioavailability+of+crude+oil+components&rft.au=Uraizee%2C+F+A%3BVenosa%2C+AD%3BSuidan%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Uraizee&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodegradation&rft.issn=09239820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne uptake and sublethal effects of copper and zinc to freshwater snails AN - 16528789; 4366192 AB - Snail habitat selection was strongly influenced in this research by measured copper (Cu) contribution from a power plant discharge. Laboratory feeding studies showed that the snail Leptoxis praerosa significantly bioconcentrated Cu when fed aufwuchs containing 564 ( plus or minus 269) mu g Cu g super(-1) but did not have significant cellulolytic enzyme activity impairment. No foodborne zinc (Zn) bioconcentration was found from aufwuchs containing up to 20 000 ( plus or minus 18 400) mu g Zn g super(-1). These results suggest that water column Cu concentrations leading to impairment via feeding mechanisms can be an order of magnitude higher than concentrations causing impairments via waterborne exposures. Therefore, foodborne uptake might be expected to contribute to toxicity rather than dominate toxicity in most conditions where waterborne concentrations of metals occur. Changes in food quality appeared to have a greater overall effect on snail populations than foodborne uptake of metals alone. Snail populations took 2 years to recover following intensive metal treatment on the plant discharge and subsequent reduction of measured metal concentrations in both water and aufwuchs. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Reed-Judkins, D K AU - Farris, J L AU - Cherry, D S AU - Cairns, J Jr AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/OST (4304), 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 105 EP - 118 VL - 364 IS - 2 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Leptoxis praerosa KW - Onyx rocksnail KW - aufwuchs KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Toxicants KW - Heavy metals KW - Copper KW - Habitat selection KW - Population dynamics KW - Toxicity tests KW - Snails KW - Diets KW - Metals KW - Freshwater molluscs KW - Population exposure KW - Pollution effects KW - Powerplants KW - Zinc KW - Power plants KW - Wastewater disposal KW - Industrial effluents KW - Water pollution effects KW - Toxicity KW - Food contamination KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Sublethal effects KW - Freshwater organisms KW - Q1 08266:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16528789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Foodborne+uptake+and+sublethal+effects+of+copper+and+zinc+to+freshwater+snails&rft.au=Reed-Judkins%2C+D+K%3BFarris%2C+J+L%3BCherry%2C+D+S%3BCairns%2C+J+Jr&rft.aulast=Reed-Judkins&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=364&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Metals; Toxicants; Industrial effluents; Heavy metals; Pollution effects; Water pollution effects; Toxicity; Copper; Population dynamics; Habitat selection; Toxicity tests; Freshwater molluscs; Bioaccumulation; Sublethal effects; Zinc; Power plants; Freshwater organisms; Food contamination; Powerplants; Snails; Population exposure; Wastewater disposal; Leptoxis praerosa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental screening modeling of mercury in the upper Everglades of south Florida AN - 16522047; 4365514 AB - This screening modeling analysis examines mercury sources and fate in the upper canals of the south Florida Everglades. Mass balance modeling techniques are applied along with available data to examine the relative importance of external sources and internal cycling of mercury and the relative influence of several transport and transformation processes. WASP5, a general dynamic mass balance model for aquatic systems, was modified to represent elemental mercury, divalent mercury, and methyl mercury. A new soil mercury mass balance model was developed to track the transport of these mercury components from soil surfaces to the water via surface runoff. Subsurface flow (drainage) loads were estimated on a seasonal basis using information from a modified simulation model for muck soil hydraulics and transport. Predicted mercury concentrations in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) canals were compared to observed data provided by a region-wide statistical sampling program. The modeling system reproduced the average mercury dynamics observed in the EAA canals during four surveys within a 2-year period. Results indicate that despite the complexity of the upper south Florida Everglades ecosystem, the modeling system provides a plausible description of the average mercury dynamics in the EAA canals. Mercury concentrations in the canals appear to be dominated by runoff loading events from the EAA during the wet season, and by subsurface flow (drainage) loading between events and during the dry season. Predicted mercury concentrations in water leaving the EAA are similar to or slightly less than average concentrations in downstream marsh environments for most of the year. Predicted concentrations following large rainfall events, however, are significantly higher than concentrations in the downstream marsh. These results must be considered as tentative due to the screening-level character of the modeling study. They point to more detailed field monitoring and process studies which could confirm these findings. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering AU - Tsiros, I X AU - Ambrose, R B AD - National Research Council and National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 960, College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 497 EP - 525 VL - A33 IS - 4 SN - 1093-4529, 1093-4529 KW - Fate KW - Mathematical models KW - Modelling KW - USA, Florida, Everglades KW - USA, Florida, Everglades Natl. Park KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Inland waters KW - Hydraulics KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Distribution KW - Soil properties KW - Wetlands KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Drainage KW - Data collections KW - Aquatic environment KW - Canals KW - Mercury KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16522047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Toxic%2FHazardous+Substances+%26+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Environmental+screening+modeling+of+mercury+in+the+upper+Everglades+of+south+Florida&rft.au=Tsiros%2C+I+X%3BAmbrose%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Tsiros&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=A33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Toxic%2FHazardous+Substances+%26+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=10934529&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Hydraulics; Inland waters; Pollution monitoring; Pollution dispersion; Data collections; Aquatic environment; Canals; Soil properties; Distribution; Groundwater pollution; Mercury; Wetlands; Runoff; Freshwater pollution; Drainage; USA, Florida, Everglades ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling dynamic vegetation response to rapid climate change using bioclimatic classification AN - 16515631; 4417884 AB - Modeling potential global redistribution of terrestrial vegetation frequently is based on bioclimatic classifications which relate static regional vegetation zones (biomes) to a set of static climate parameters. The equilibrium character of the relationships limits our confidence in their application to scenarios of rapidly changing climate. Such assessments could be improved if vegetation migration and succession would be incorporated as response variables in model simulations. We developed the model MOVE (Migration Of VEgetation), to simulate the geographical implications of different rates of plant extirpation and in-migration. We used the model to study the potential impact on terrestrial carbon stocks of climate shifts hypothesized from a doubling of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration. The model indicates that the terrestrial vegetation and soil could release carbon; the amount of this carbon pulse depends on the rate of migration relative to the rate of climate change. New temperate and boreal biomes, not found on the landscape today, increase rapidly in area during the first 100 years of simulated response to climate change. Their presence for several centuries and their gradual disappearance after the climate ceases to change adds uncertainty in calculating future terrestrial carbon fluxes. JF - Climatic Change AU - Kirilenko, A P AU - Solomon, A M AD - U.S. EPA NHEERL WED, 200 S.W. 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 15 EP - 49 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - MOVE KW - climatic changes KW - models KW - vegetation KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16515631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Modeling+dynamic+vegetation+response+to+rapid+climate+change+using+bioclimatic+classification&rft.au=Kirilenko%2C+A+P%3BSolomon%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Kirilenko&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dysmorphogenic effects of a specific protein kinase C inhibitor during neurulation AN - 16513691; 4416776 AB - Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a key role in signal transduction and is an important mediator of events throughout development. However, no information exists regarding the effect of a specific PKC inhibitor on mammalian embryogenesis during neurulation. This investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of a specific inhibitor of PKC, as well as inhibitors of other important kinases, on cultured mouse embryos. CD-1 mouse embryos (3 to 6 somite stage) were exposed to bisindolylmaleimide I (a specific PKC inhibitor) as well as specific inhibitors of PKA, PKG, and MAP kinase kinase for 24 h. The PKC inhibitor was a potent embryotoxicant and elicited malformations at concentrations as low as 0.01 mu M. Inhibitors of other kinases also produced malformations but at much higher concentrations than those required to produce similar defects with the PKC inhibitor. These data suggest that PKC plays an important role in mammalian neurulation. Further research is required to clarify the mechanism by which PKC inhibition at this developmental stage produces malformations and the potential effects of environmental toxicants with PKC inhibitory properties on this signal transduction pathway. JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Ward, K W AU - Rogers, E H AU - Hunter, ES III AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, MD 67, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, hunter.sid@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 525 EP - 534 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - embryogenesis KW - mice KW - neurulation KW - protein kinase C KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16513691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Dysmorphogenic+effects+of+a+specific+protein+kinase+C+inhibitor+during+neurulation&rft.au=Ward%2C+K+W%3BRogers%2C+E+H%3BHunter%2C+ES+III&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. policy on global climate change AN - 16502266; 4392821 AB - There are three main thrusts of U.S. policies on climate change. The first is to execute an effective domestic program to limit net greenhouse gas emissions and address other aspects of climate change. The second is to work with other Parties to build an efficient infrastructure internationally to implement the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) and to continue to lay the groundwork for the new Kyoto Protocol. The third thrust of U.S. policy is toward the long-term objective of the FCCC, which will require that all nations are engaged in addressing climate change, as appropriate to the national circumstances of each. JF - Energy & Environment AU - Leggett, J AD - Climate Policies and Programs Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 441 EP - 447 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0958-305X, 0958-305X KW - Kyoto Protocol KW - USA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16502266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=U.S.+policy+on+global+climate+change&rft.au=Leggett%2C+J&rft.aulast=Leggett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environment&rft.issn=0958305X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effect of soot and copper combustor deposits on dioxin emissions AN - 16485535; 4364975 AB - An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of residual soot and copper combustor deposits on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) during the combustion of a chlorinated waste. In a bench-scale setup, distillate fuel oil doped with copper compounds was fired under sooting conditions in a quartz reactor heated by a Linberg furnace to 900 degree C. Soot- and copper-containing aerosols were carried by the hot flue gas and deposited on a separate quartz "deposition" tube connected to the exit of the quartz reactor. Selected experiments were also conducted to deposit either soot or copper on separate quartz deposition tubes. In a separate setup, 1,6-dichlorohexane was injected into a natural-gas-fired furnace reactor to produce a flue gas that contained 6.2% oxygen, 8.6% carbon dioxide, 10-50 ppm carbon monoxide, and 500 ppm hydrogen chloride. Sulfur dioxide (SO sub(2)) was injected near the flame zone of the furnace reactor in selected experiments. High levels of PCDD/Fs were measured at the exit of the deposition tubes containing both soot and copper deposits. No PCDD/Fs were found during experiments using a tube with only soot deposits, and trace amounts of PCDD/Fs were found with a deposition tube containing only copper deposits. Repeated experiments with the same deposition tube containing soot and copper deposits resulted in reductions in the amount of PCDD/Fs formed, indicating decreased formation with time. Significantly lower PCDD/F emissions were measured from the experiments with SO sub(2) injection, indicating that SO sub(2) is effective in suppressing PCDD/F formation reactions. It was also found that a deposition tube previously exposed to flue gases from 1,6-dichlorohexane incineration exhibited residual PCDD/F formation reactions when exposed to flue gases from the combustion of natural gas. The results demonstrate that the combustor deposits containing copper and soot can cause "memory effects" that can play an important role in the emissions of PCDD/Fs from commercial incinerators. JF - Environmental Engineering Science AU - Lee, C W AU - Kilgroe, J D AU - Raghunathan, K Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 71 EP - 84 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. VL - 15 IS - 1 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16485535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Engineering+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+soot+and+copper+combustor+deposits+on+dioxin+emissions&rft.au=Lee%2C+C+W%3BKilgroe%2C+J+D%3BRaghunathan%2C+K&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Engineering+Science&rft.issn=10928758&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Health risk of endocrine-disrupting ortho-substituted PCBs emitted from incinerators AN - 16485391; 4376167 AB - In recent years, endocrine-disrupting activities by chemical emissions from combustion sources have generated considerable interest in the scientific community. Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs) emitted from combustion sources form a big group of extremely persistent and widely distributed toxic chemicals in the environment. Exposures to these chemicals occur through the food web. The residues of these chemicals have been detected in air, soil, sediment, fish, meat, dairy products, human adipose tissue, and mother's milk. The residues of PCBs and their metabolites are widely distributed in breast milk of mothers from industrial countries at concentrations that are about 10,000 times greater than the total levels of PCDDs/PCDFs. Ortho-substituted nonplanar PCBs are the primary PCB congeners that tend of bioaccumulate more in human milk than coplanar PCBs. In general, these chemicals are characterized by their high lipophilicity and long elimination half-lives. Disruption of the normal homeostasis of the endocrine functions can result in developmental, reproductive, neurotoxic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic, and other adverse health effects. The mechanisms of endocrine disruptive actions of these chemicals are not well understood. It is not known as to whether these chemicals act directly as hormones or modify the endocrine systems by binding to endocrine receptor sites. Disruption of normal endocrine-regulated functions by these chemicals represents an important consideration in risk assessment. An attempt has been made in this paper to examine direct or indirect impact of endocrine disrupting activities of ortho-substituted nonplanar PCBs and present a rationale for risk assessment. JF - Environmental Engineering Science AU - Mukerjee, D Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 157 EP - 169 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. VL - 15 IS - 2 KW - man KW - public health KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16485391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Engineering+Science&rft.atitle=Health+risk+of+endocrine-disrupting+ortho-substituted+PCBs+emitted+from+incinerators&rft.au=Mukerjee%2C+D&rft.aulast=Mukerjee&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Engineering+Science&rft.issn=10928758&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The effect of cofiring high-sulfur coal with municipal waste on formation of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran AN - 16483280; 4364974 AB - The effect of cofiring minor amounts (5-10 wt%) of high-sulfur coal with municipal refuse-derived fuel (RDF) on emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) was studied under a range of operating conditions. Through use of a 2 super(x) factorial test matrix the program examined the effect of sulfur dioxide (SO sub(2)) concentration on preventing PCDD/F formation while accounting for differences in hydrogen chloride concentration, sorbent slurry injection, and various furnace operating conditions such as quench rate, residence time, and RDF feed rate. An understanding of the effect of coal- and operating-related parameters on the postcombustion formation of PCDD/F is expected to assist in developing strategies aimed at preventing PCDD/F formation. The test facility was a 0.6-MW sub(t) (2 x 10 super(6) Btu/h) pilot scale, grate-fired combustor, designed to mimic the solid fuel handling and combustion rates of field units. Results were analyzed by examining comparative-run-averaged yields and through development of a model based on regression methods with stepwise parameter selection. The run-averaged yields and model show that higher SO sub(2) concentrations due to cofiring with coal result in significant suppression of PCDD/F formation, even when controlling for changes in other operating parameters. JF - Environmental Engineering Science AU - Gullett, B K AU - Raghunathan, K AU - Dunn, JE Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 59 EP - 70 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. VL - 15 IS - 1 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16483280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Engineering+Science&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+cofiring+high-sulfur+coal+with+municipal+waste+on+formation+of+polychlorinated+dibenzodioxin+and+polychlorinated+dibenzofuran&rft.au=Gullett%2C+B+K%3BRaghunathan%2C+K%3BDunn%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Gullett&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Engineering+Science&rft.issn=10928758&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low reproductive rates of Lake Superior bald eagles: Low food delivery rates or environmental contaminants? AN - 16400244; 4308292 AB - Reproductive rate (productivity) of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nesting on the shores of Lake Superior was significantly less than that of neighboring eagles nesting in inland Wisconsin (1.0 vs. 1.3 young per breeding attempt, 1989-1993), and at other inland lake/riverine habitats in the Great Lakes Basin. It is possible that the current causes of low productivity on Lake Superior might include exposure to organochlorine contaminants and/or low food availability. Levels of dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) and total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in addled eggs and eaglet blood from Lake Superior and inland Wisconsin reference sites were measured. Food delivery rates by parent eagles to nestlings, a possible index to food availability, were quantified at both locations. Concentrations of both DDE and total PCBs in addled eggs declined significantly from 1969 to 1993 (p 0.05). Food delivery rates by parent eagles to nestlings at Lake Superior were 56% lower than those to inland nestlings (2.16 vs. 4.87 prey items per day, p = 0.002). Food delivery rates were significantly correlated to average 5-year productivity for inland Wisconsin reference sites (p < 0.001, r super(2) = 0.90), although not for Lake Superior sites (p = 0.593). It is concluded that it is likely that the current low productivity of Lake Superior eagles is at least partly attributable to low food availability, but some other factor, possibly PCBs, may also contribute to low productivity. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - Dykstra, C R AU - Meyer, M W AU - Warnke, D K AU - Karasov, W H AU - Andersen, DE AU - Bowerman, W W AU - Giesy, J P AD - Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, USEPA, NERL, Mail Stop 642, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 32 EP - 44 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - Bald eagle KW - DDE KW - Haliaeetus leucocephalus KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - North America, Superior L. KW - USA, Superior L. KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Lake shores KW - Food availability KW - Population dynamics KW - Eggs KW - PCB KW - Diets KW - Freshwater environments KW - Recruitment KW - Aves KW - DDT KW - Birds KW - Contaminants KW - Pollution effects KW - Sexual reproduction KW - Correlation analysis KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - PCB compounds KW - Pollution KW - Comparison studies KW - Water pollution KW - Ddt KW - Blood KW - Foods KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Reproduction KW - Productivity KW - Dde KW - Breeding success KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16400244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Low+reproductive+rates+of+Lake+Superior+bald+eagles%3A+Low+food+delivery+rates+or+environmental+contaminants%3F&rft.au=Dykstra%2C+C+R%3BMeyer%2C+M+W%3BWarnke%2C+D+K%3BKarasov%2C+W+H%3BAndersen%2C+DE%3BBowerman%2C+W+W%3BGiesy%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Dykstra&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Lake shores; DDE; Recruitment; Sexual reproduction; Pollution effects; Food availability; Correlation analysis; Population dynamics; Water pollution; Eggs; Blood; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Bioaccumulation; DDT; Reproduction; PCB; Pollution; Breeding success; Freshwater environments; polychlorinated biphenyls; Birds; Contaminants; Productivity; PCB compounds; Aves; Comparison studies; Ddt; Foods; Dde; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; North America, Superior L. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCBs, DDE, and mercury in young-of-the-year littoral fishes from Green Bay, Lake Michigan AN - 16396356; 4308296 AB - Forage fish were collected in August and September, 1991 to characterize the influence of human disturbance at 23 coastal wetlands and beaches in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Disturbance characterization included analysis of contaminant residues (total PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and total mercury) in young-of-the-year fish for at least one species per site. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and spottail shiners (Notropis hudsonius) were the primary species sampled. Residue concentration differences among species were minimal. Residues of PCBs were highest of the three compounds measured and were the only residues that exceeded International Joint Commission Aquatic Life Guidelines: all 14 fish samples from the lower bay exceeded the 100 ng/g PCB guideline. Based on the concentration gradient measured, the Fox River is the primary source of PCBs; whereas, the more evenly distributed p,p'-DDE and mercury appear to originate mostly from nonpoint sources. The high percentage of more-chlorinated PCB homologs in upper bay fish supports the hypothesis that less-chlorinated PCBs volatilize more quickly and therefore are less abundant farther from their source. Habitat-specific data suggest that contaminants (particularly PCBs) are more available to biota at beaches than at wetlands. JF - Journal of Great Lakes Research AU - Brazner, J AU - DeVita, W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA, epajbsub(u)4500.dul.epa.gov Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 83 EP - 92 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0380-1330, 0380-1330 KW - DDE KW - Notropis hudsonius KW - Perca flavescens KW - Spottail shiner KW - USA KW - USA, Michigan L. KW - USA, Michigan L., Green Bay KW - Yellow perch KW - dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene KW - mercury KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Shiner KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Contamination KW - Coastal environments KW - Water pollution sources KW - Wetlands KW - PCB KW - Bays KW - USA, Wisconsin, Green Bay KW - Mercury KW - Age groups KW - Contaminants KW - Pollution effects KW - Pisces KW - Perch KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - PCB compounds KW - Littoral zone KW - Beaches KW - Water pollution KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Dde KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - D 04802:Pollution characteristics and fate KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=PCBs%2C+DDE%2C+and+mercury+in+young-of-the-year+littoral+fishes+from+Green+Bay%2C+Lake+Michigan&rft.au=Brazner%2C+J%3BDeVita%2C+W&rft.aulast=Brazner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=03801330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquatic organisms; Beaches; DDE; Pollution effects; Water pollution; Bioaccumulation; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Mercury; Age groups; Wetlands; PCB; Littoral zone; Bays; Coastal environments; Contamination; polychlorinated biphenyls; Contaminants; PCB compounds; Shiner; Water pollution sources; Perch; Dde; Pisces; Notropis hudsonius; Perca flavescens; USA, Wisconsin, Green Bay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo evidence of free radical formation after asbestos installation: An ESR spin trapping investigation AN - 16353903; 4286059 AB - It has been postulated that the in vivo toxicity of asbestos results from its catalysis of free radical generation. We examined in vivo radical production using electron spin resonance (ESR) coupled with the spin trap alpha -(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-t-butylnitrone (4-POBN); 180 day-old rats were intratracheally instilled with either 500 mu g crocidolite or saline. Twenty-four hours later, histologic examination revealed a neutrophilic inflammatory response. ESR spectroscopy of the chloroform extract from lungs exposed to asbestos gave a spectrum consistent with a carbon-centered radical adduct, while those spectra from lungs instilled with saline revealed a much weaker signal. This same radical formation persisted and, even one month after instillation, could be detected in the lungs of rats exposed to asbestos. The 4-POBN adducts detected by ESR are very similar to, if not identical with, ethyl and pentyl radical adducts, providing evidence of in vivo lipid peroxidation resulting from asbestos exposure. We conclude that, after instillation of crocidolite in the rat, ESR analysis of lung tissue demonstrates in vivo free radical production. JF - Free Radical Biology & Medicine AU - Ghio, A J AU - Kadiiska, M B AU - Xiang, Qun-Hui AU - Mason, R P AD - EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1998/01/01/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Jan 01 SP - 11 EP - 17 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16353903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=In+vivo+evidence+of+free+radical+formation+after+asbestos+installation%3A+An+ESR+spin+trapping+investigation&rft.au=Ghio%2C+A+J%3BKadiiska%2C+M+B%3BXiang%2C+Qun-Hui%3BMason%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Ghio&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuously improving your environmental strategies AN - 16287663; 4299802 AB - Acushnet's environmental strategies have been shaped by lessons learned in achieving ISO certification for quality and environmental management standards. These strategies are fairly straightforward and include the reduction of production costs, the improvement of products and processes, the conservation of resources, the achievement of competitive advantage in the marketplace, and the integration of environmental concerns into business processes. With these strategies in place, Acushnet's environmental performance has improved, material and regulatory costs have declined, and business has grown. ISO 14001 certification requires firms to integrate strategic environmental management into company operations through the elements of an effective environmental management system (EMS). JF - Corporate Environmental Strategy AU - Cochin, T J AD - U.S. EPA, Design for the Environ. Prog. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 57 EP - 60 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1066-7938, 1066-7938 KW - Acushnet KW - ISO 14001 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16287663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corporate+Environmental+Strategy&rft.atitle=Continuously+improving+your+environmental+strategies&rft.au=Cochin%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Cochin&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Corporate+Environmental+Strategy&rft.issn=10667938&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of NOM source variations and calcium complexation capacity on ozone-induced particle destabilization AN - 16274408; 4288460 AB - Laboratory bench-scale experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of ozone on the colloidal stability of particles coated with natural organic matter (NOM) derived from different sources. Four types of NOM (three surface water and one groundwater) were studied. Experiments were conducted in the absence and presence of calcium. The results revealed that flocculation benefits from ozonation are dependent on the specific NOM being studied. For some NOM sources, flocculation benefits can be attributed to a significant increase in association with calcium after ozonation. The magnitude of the increase in calcium association is dependent on the type of NOM being studied and its reactivity to ozonation. Calcium association with NOM can be expected to increase after ozonation only if ozone affects the number of functional groups that specifically complex calcium. The results also indicated that calcium-NOM association can be related to the oxygen content of NOM. JF - Water Research AU - Chandrakanth AU - Amy, G L AD - U.S. EPA, 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - Jan 1998 SP - 115 EP - 124 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16274408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+NOM+source+variations+and+calcium+complexation+capacity+on+ozone-induced+particle+destabilization&rft.au=Chandrakanth%3BAmy%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Chandrakanth&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Near-real-time measurement of trace volatile organic compounds from combustion processes using an on-line gas chromatograph AN - 16133112; 4601868 AB - The US EPA's current regulatory approach for combustion and incineration sources considers the use of real-time continuous emission monitors (CEMs) for particulate, metals, and organic compounds to monitor source emissions. Currently, the CEM technologies to support this approach have not been thoroughly developed and/or demonstrated. The EPA's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division has developed a near-real-time volatile organic compound (VOC) CEM, using an on-line gas chromatograph (OLGC), capable of measuring over 20 VOCs at concentrations typically present in well-operated combustion systems. The OLGC system consists of a sample delivery system, a sample concentrator, and a GC equipped with both flame ionization and electron capture detectors. Application of the OLGC system was initially demonstrated through participation in the 1995 US EPA/DOE CEM demonstration program. Additional work has improved system performance, including increased automation and improved calibration technique. During pilot-scale incineration testing, measurement performance was examined in detail through comparisons to various CEM performance criteria. Specifically, calibration error, calibration drift error, and system bias were examined as a function of full scale (absolute error) and gas concentration (relative error). Although OLGC measurement performance was not able to meet standard EPA CEM measurement performance criteria, measurement performance was encouraging. The system demonstrated the ability to perform hourly trace level VOC measurements (0-100 ppbv) for as many as 23 different VOCs with boiling points ranging from -23.7 to 180.5 degree C at a known level of measurement performance. This system is a suitable alternative to VOC reference method measurements which may be performed only intermittently. JF - Waste Management AU - Ryan, J V AU - Lemieux, P M AU - Preston, W T Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 403 EP - 410 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 18 IS - 6-8 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Combustion products KW - Incineration KW - Government regulations KW - Gas chromatography KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Air pollution measurements KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16133112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Near-real-time+measurement+of+trace+volatile+organic+compounds+from+combustion+processes+using+an+on-line+gas+chromatograph&rft.au=Ryan%2C+J+V%3BLemieux%2C+P+M%3BPreston%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6-8&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0956-053X%2898%2900124-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 1999-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00124-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation at a marine Superfund site: surficial sediment PCB congener concentration, composition, and redistribution AN - 13663766; S199953716 AB - The long-term monitoring programme developed to assess the effectiveness of remediation of New Bedford harbour, a severely contaminated estuary with PCB is described. Sediments were collected at 72 stations before and after the initial remediation phase. Qualitative graphical techniques were combined with exploratory statistical techniques to examine spatial and temporal variability in PCB concentrations and the proportion of the congeners. Subtle changes after remediation were observed which were not evident by the more traditional statistical analyses. In the outer harbour PCB concentrations and distributions remained virtually unchanged. In the lower harbour, 27 per cent of the PCB values increased by more than 10 per cent, while 61 per cent decreased. Major redistribution of contaminated sediment was confined to the immediate vicinity of remedial activities, although there was evidence of low molecular weight PCB transported as far south as the Hurricane Barrier. The statistical and graphical examinations of the data were useful for identifying subtle differences in the pattern of congeners. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Bergen, B J AU - Rahn, KA AU - Nelson, W G AD - U.S. EPA, Narragansett, R.I. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 3496 EP - 3501 VL - 32 IS - 22 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Superfund KW - Congener KW - Reduction KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13663766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Remediation+at+a+marine+Superfund+site%3A+surficial+sediment+PCB+congener+concentration%2C+composition%2C+and+redistribution&rft.au=Bergen%2C+B+J%3BRahn%2C+KA%3BNelson%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=3496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorine demand and TTHM formation kinetics: a second-order model AN - 13619500; 199804241 AB - An alternative mathematical model is presented for bulk chlorine decay and the total trihalomethane (TTHM) formation in drinking water disinfection systems based on second-order reaction kinetics. Data from a recent collaborative study between the U.S. EPA and the American Water Works Association Research Foundation were used to develop and validate the model. Data were also collected under laboratory conditions to eliminate site-specific effects on the loss of chlorine residuals. TTHM formation could be characterized as a function of chlorine demand. A second-order kinetic model provided an adequate fit. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Clark, R M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 16 EP - 24 VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13619500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Chlorine+demand+and+TTHM+formation+kinetics%3A+a+second-order+model&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to seven freshwater fish species during early life-stage development AN - 13618910; 199805491 AB - The toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), lake herring (Coregonus artedii), medaka (Oryzias latipes), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), northern pike (Esox lucius) and zebrafish (Danio danio) during early life-stage development, after waterborne exposure of fertilized eggs, is reported. TCDD toxicity induced oedema, haemorrhaging and cranial malformations. NOEC and LOEC values ranged from 175 and 270 pg per g for C. artedii to 424 and 2000 pg per g for D. danio, respectively. TCDD-mortality curves were similar for all species suggesting the same mechanism of action. LC50 values in eggs ranged from 539 pg per g in P. promelas to 2610 pg per g in D. danio. Rank order of species at risk to TCDD (in pg TCDD per g lipid) is I. punctatus (13,400), C. artedii (13,700), P. promelas (22,500), O. latipes (38,300), E. lucius (58,600), C. commersoni (75,600) and D. danio (153,500). Further experiments that extended TCDD exposure periods from the egg, past swim-up through to the spawning adult stage are required to determine the nature and extent to which TCDD may elicit additional developmental or reproductive effects. There are 41 references. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Elonen, GE AU - Spehar, R L AU - Holcombe, G W AU - Johnson, R D AU - Fernandez, J D AU - Erickson, R J AU - Tietge, JE AU - Cook, P M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 472 EP - 483 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - 2610 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Hazard KW - Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin KW - Waterborne KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13618910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Comparative+toxicity+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+to+seven+freshwater+fish+species+during+early+life-stage+development&rft.au=Elonen%2C+GE%3BSpehar%2C+R+L%3BHolcombe%2C+G+W%3BJohnson%2C+R+D%3BFernandez%2C+J+D%3BErickson%2C+R+J%3BTietge%2C+JE%3BCook%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Elonen&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoinduced toxicity of PAH and alkylated PAH to a marine infaunal amphipod (Rhepoxynius abronius) AN - 13618617; 199805691 AB - Results of 10 d toxicity exposure of the marine infaunal amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius to sediments contaminated with parent or alkylated PAH indicated that toxicity was increased in the presence of UV radiation. Symptoms of stress ranged from marked slowing of pleopod movement in moderately affected amphipods to almost complete paralysis in those severely affected. The energy difference between the highest and lowest occupied molecular orbits of PAH molecules (the HOMO-LUMO gap), when between 6.7 and 7.5 eV, gave the greatest phototoxic potential. Compounds with HOMO-LUMO gaps in excess of 8.1 eV did not exhibit phototoxicity because of the short wavelengths required to excite those molecules were not present in natural light. PAH with lower water solubilities were less phototoxic due to insufficient uptake by the organism. The enhanced phototoxicity of some PAH in UV radiation complicated the environment risk assessment protocol. The method could be used to reassess contaminated field sediments that previously passed traditional toxicity testing. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Boese, B L AU - Lamberson, JO AU - Swartz, R C AU - Ozretich, R AU - Cole, F AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Newport, Ore. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 235 EP - 240 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Hazard KW - Phototoxic KW - Pleopod KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13618617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Photoinduced+toxicity+of+PAH+and+alkylated+PAH+to+a+marine+infaunal+amphipod+%28Rhepoxynius+abronius%29&rft.au=Boese%2C+B+L%3BLamberson%2C+JO%3BSwartz%2C+R+C%3BOzretich%2C+R%3BCole%2C+F&rft.aulast=Boese&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Greater funding opportunities for drinking water systems AN - 13616832; 199900037 AB - The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) was the first financial commitment of federal funding to Drinking Water systems. Its primary objective was to finance the projects necessary to achieve and maintain compliance with the requirements of the Safe Water Drinking Act (SWDA) and to promote the public health objectives of the Act. Information is given regarding the funding, structure and state-by-state appropriations. Money was divided between projects and set-aside activities and individual states had a degree of flexibility when determining financial appropriation to particular projects so that local problems could be effectively addressed. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bourne, J AU - Blette, V AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 34 EP - 39 VL - 90 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - State KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13616832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Greater+funding+opportunities+for+drinking+water+systems&rft.au=Bourne%2C+J%3BBlette%2C+V&rft.aulast=Bourne&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Cost Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoring and protecting U.S. waters: an action plan with promise AN - 13615301; 199900005 AB - The Clean Water Action Plan was a step towards fulfilling the promises encompassed within the Clean Water Act (CWA). It would build upon the significant clean up operations on rivers lakes and coastal waters in the U.S.A. which had already taken place. To finance this initiative 568 million U.S. dollars had been proposed for the fiscal year beginning 1999, representing a 35 per cent increase. The Action Plan emphasized collaborative strategies within communities served by particular watersheds. The Plan encompassed 4 key elements to achieve clean water goals; a watershed approach stronger federal and state standards, natural resource stewardship, and informed citizens and officials. JF - Water Environment & Technology AU - Perciasepe, R AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 36 EP - 42 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1044-9493, 1044-9493 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13615301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Restoring+and+protecting+U.S.+waters%3A+an+action+plan+with+promise&rft.au=Perciasepe%2C+R&rft.aulast=Perciasepe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.issn=10449493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Legislation. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative animal and plant toxicities of 10 treated effluents discharged to near-coastal areas of the gulf of Mexico AN - 13615269; 199901677 AB - The acute and chronic toxicities of treated effluents were assessed by several tests and the ability of the tests to differentiate effluent-specific effects were also evaluated. The standard tests employed 2 examples of algae, invertebrates and fish. Three rapid bioassays and an early-seedling toxicity test were also employed. Most concentrations of potentially toxic constituents were low and all the tests, except those involving algae, classified the effluents as having moderate toxicity. Chronic effects on Ceriodaphnia dubia and Mysidopsis bahia were observed consistently for 5 effluents, the lowest first-effect levels being 35 or 75 per cent of effluent. Inhibitory effects on fish and macrophytes were infrequent and the bioassays revealed little toxicity. Nine of the 10 effluents were either phytotoxic or phytostimulatory to algae, with first effects sometimes noted at less than 6 per cent effluent concentrations. The work demonstrated the importance of using invertebrates and algae to assess toxicity of effluents discharged to the often nutrient-affected near-coastal areas of the Mexico gulf. The prevalence of rooted aquatic plants in this area also pointed to the need for further development of toxicity tests using these species. There are 33 references. JF - Water Environment Research AU - Lewis, MA AU - Weber, DE AU - Stanley, R S AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 1108 EP - 1117 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0161-4303, 0161-4303 KW - Algae (see also individual groups below) KW - Animals (see also individual groups below) KW - Animals (invertebrates) (see also individ groups) KW - Aquatic macrophytes (see also individual groups b) KW - Aurelia KW - Effluent (treated) (see also sewage works effluent) KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13615269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+Research&rft.atitle=Comparative+animal+and+plant+toxicities+of+10+treated+effluents+discharged+to+near-coastal+areas+of+the+gulf+of+Mexico&rft.au=Lewis%2C+MA%3BWeber%2C+DE%3BStanley%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+Research&rft.issn=01614303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical note: adsorption capacity of GAC for synthetic organics AN - 13615032; 199805781 AB - To determine whether activated carbon can remove contaminants from water, isotherms of the contaminants in organic-free water (OFW) are first examined. The compounds can then be ranked in terms of relative strength of adsorption. This technical note presents isotherm data for 15 compounds in OFW, ranging from pesticides to disinfection by-products, that are either regulated or are being considered for regulation. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Speth, T F AU - Miltner, R J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 171 EP - 174 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13615032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Technical+note%3A+adsorption+capacity+of+GAC+for+synthetic+organics&rft.au=Speth%2C+T+F%3BMiltner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Speth&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - UV disinfection of small groundwater supplies AN - 13614618; 199804775 AB - Future groundwater disinfection requirements are expected to affect many public groundwater supplies, including a large number of very small noncommunity systems. Due to technical and financial limitations, small water systems will need the simplest and lowest cost techniques to enable compliance with new drinking water standards. As a result, the U.S. EPA studied ultraviolet light technology as a solution. The availability, efficacy, operability and costs of this technology are summarized. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Parrotta, MJ AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C.), and F. BEKDASH Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 71 EP - 81 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13614618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=UV+disinfection+of+small+groundwater+supplies&rft.au=Parrotta%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Parrotta&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SDWA capacity development AN - 13613070; 199900003 AB - The capacity development provisions within the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) were a key component of the prevention of non-compliance of drinking water as defined by the Act. Capacity development sought to acquire and maintain the technical, managerial and financial capacity required for the consistent achievement of the SDWA's public health protection objectives. States could fund capacity development using set aside money from their Drinking Water Sate Revolving Fund (DWSRF) allocation. States which failed to implement capacity development provisions might have funds withheld by the U.S. EPA. Implementation of the programme by the U.S. EPA was guided by stakeholder consultation and involvement. Important considerations for the development of a capacity development strategy are suggested. Examples are given of guidelines which might assist capacity assessment. Examples are given of tools and resources for strategy development. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Shanaghan, P E AU - Kline, I P AU - Beecher, JA AU - Jones, R T AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 51 EP - 59 VL - 90 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Implementable KW - State KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13613070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=SDWA+capacity+development&rft.au=Shanaghan%2C+P+E%3BKline%2C+I+P%3BBeecher%2C+JA%3BJones%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Shanaghan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Legislation. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining the risk to public water supply wells from infective microorganisms AN - 13612929; 199805679 AB - The U.S. EPA strategy for promulgating disinfection requirements for all public water supply systems is described. The Water Disinfection Rule (GWDR) would set forth disinfection requirements necessary to protect public health from risks associated with groundwater use. Exposure to a range of pathogenic micro-organisms would be minimized. The extent of groundwater contamination at the abstraction point would need to be assessed and this would be largely determined by hydrogeologic considerations, which are discussed in detail. The knowledge base and experience of water well contractors and drillers could positively contribute to the implementation of the GWDR. The public were invited to express their opinion towards this regulatory approach. JF - Water Well Journal AU - Wireman, M AU - Job, C AD - U.S. EPA, Denver, Colo. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 63 EP - 67 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1443, 0043-1443 KW - Hazard KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13612929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Well+Journal&rft.atitle=Determining+the+risk+to+public+water+supply+wells+from+infective+microorganisms&rft.au=Wireman%2C+M%3BJob%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wireman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Well+Journal&rft.issn=00431443&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting chlorine residuals and formation of TTHMs in drinking water AN - 13612615; 199902234 AB - Concern has been expressed about possible carcinogenic effects of the by-products of disinfection by chlorination, particularly total trihalomethanes (TTHM), which are the only class presently regulated. A model is presented that used total organic carbon, pH, temperature and initial chlorine residual level to predict both TTHM and chlorine residuals in drinking water. It was based on bench-scale chlorination experiments using humic acids in solution under varying conditions. Although the data used was generated under controlled conditions, to provide a common basis for comparison, the equations could be modified to reflect distribution system conditions. The output could be used to evaluate the relative risks to consumers of exposure to disinfection by-products and the need to maintain microbial safety in the distribution system. Bromide and brominated by-products were not considered. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Clark, R M AU - Sivaganesan, M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 1203 EP - 1210 VL - 124 IS - 12 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - Hazard KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13612615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Predicting+chlorine+residuals+and+formation+of+TTHMs+in+drinking+water&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BSivaganesan%2C+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's CLEANUP 2000: reforms to the RCRA corrective action programme AN - 13611870; 199902596 AB - The U.S. EPA has initiated CLEANUP 2000, which includes several reforms to the Resource Conservation and the Recovery Act (RCRA) Corrective Action Programme to help increase the speed of cleanups. The reforms and objectives are outlined and the EPA anticipate that they will be in place by 31 December 2000. Recognized impediments to faster cleanups are listed together with the necessary tools to speed up cleanups. JF - Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation AU - Donovan, K AD - U.S. EPA, Washington D.C. Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 58 EP - 60 VL - 18 IS - 4 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13611870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+CLEANUP+2000%3A+reforms+to+the+RCRA+corrective+action+programme&rft.au=Donovan%2C+K&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water+Monitoring+%26+Remediation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: General. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leakage meets its Waterloo AN - 13610935; 199903334 AB - The importance of leakage control in Ofwat's statutory duties to promote efficiency and economy in the way the water companies operate is discussed. Companies were expected to examine all the options for achieving a balance of supply and demand and provide a solution based on the least-cost option or set of options, with consideration of environmental and social costs and benefits. Together with the incentive for companies to demonstrate to Ofwat that they were operating at economic levels of leakage, the Director General of Ofwat has promised enforcement action against companies failing to meet their leakage targets. Ofwat expected all companies to be operating at economic levels of leakage by 2002-2003. However, economic levels of leakage will vary in time with changes in demand, resource availability and technology. There also remained unexplained variances between companies, especially in the estimates of unmeasured household consumption. Ofwat will continue to closely monitor and report on the progress and performance of the industry. JF - Water & Sewerage Journal AU - Pethick, F AD - Office of Water Services, Birmingham Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 13 IS - 4 KW - Ofwat KW - Water companies KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13610935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+%26+Sewerage+Journal&rft.atitle=Leakage+meets+its+Waterloo&rft.au=Pethick%2C+F&rft.aulast=Pethick&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+%26+Sewerage+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: General. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - American regulations regarding residual disinfectant practices AN - 13609605; 199903009 AB - Forthcoming and long-term regulations of drinking water in the U.S.A. are discussed in relation to their influence on water treatment and distribution system management. The Surface Water Treatment Rule of 1989 and the Total Coliform Rule are explained. Regulations in preparation are discussed: the Groundwater Rule; Stage 1 Disinfectant By-product Rule; the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the Long-term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule are explained. The first would identify groundwater sources at risk and in need of disinfection. The other proposals would put limits on DBP and seek to prevent parasites such as Cryptosporidium entering the supply. These regulations and the even stricter proposals to follow would have profound influences on water treatment processes and disinfection practices. JF - Water Supply AU - Shaw, SE AU - Regli, S AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 16 IS - 3/4 SN - 0735-1917, 0735-1917 KW - Hazard KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13609605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Supply&rft.atitle=American+regulations+regarding+residual+disinfectant+practices&rft.au=Shaw%2C+SE%3BRegli%2C+S&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Supply&rft.issn=07351917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Legislation. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of motorway runoff on watercourses in south-west Scotland AN - 13608980; 199902644 AB - The potential impact of motorway runoff from new sections of the upgraded A74(M) in Scotland on watercourses was assessed. The results obtained from the CIRIA method, based on the assessment of dissolved copper and total zinc concentrations, were compared with those obtained by monitoring discharges. The CIRIA assessment predicted that 10 outfalls would cause the environmental quality standards for both copper and zinc to be exceeded in 5 receiving waters. Monitoring of discharges supported this prediction. The impact of motorway runoff on the invertebrate fauna of watercourses was also investigated. Filter drains on the motorway could remove contaminants from routine runoff but were inadequate for dealing with fuel-oil spillages. JF - Water & Environmental Management AU - McNeill, A AU - Olley, S AD - Scottish Environmental Protection Agency, Dumfries Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 433 EP - 439 VL - 12 IS - 6 KW - Animals (see also individual groups below) KW - Animals (invertebrates) (see also individ groups) KW - Ciria KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13608980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+%26+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+motorway+runoff+on+watercourses+in+south-west+Scotland&rft.au=McNeill%2C+A%3BOlley%2C+S&rft.aulast=McNeill&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+%26+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ICR treatment studies AN - 13608864; 199902231 AB - Under the treatment study requirement of the Information Collection Rule (ICR), 493 water treatment plants were required to monitor total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in their influent or finished water to determine whether studies evaluating granular activated carbon (GAC) or membranes for disinfection by product precursor removal would be required. The TOC results were analysed by source water type, treatment type, disinfection practices and geographic location. Seventy-eight per cent of plants met the criteria to avoid the treatment study requirement. The remainder would have to conduct new studies, submit previous studies or contribute to a co-operative research effort. Under the treatment study requirement, 62 GAC studies and 37 membranes studies would be conducted. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Allgeier, S C AU - Shukairy, H M AU - Westrick, J J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1998 PY - 1998 DA - 1998 SP - 70 EP - 82 VL - 90 IS - 11 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13608864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=ICR+treatment+studies&rft.au=Allgeier%2C+S+C%3BShukairy%2C+H+M%3BWestrick%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Allgeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral thermoregulatory response to chlorpyrifos in the rat. AN - 79563990; 9482118 AB - Chlorpyrifos (CHP) is a heavily used organophosphorous-based insecticide that elicits thermoregulatory dysfunction in the rat characterized by an initial period of hypothermia followed by a delayed hyperthermia lasting 24-72 h after exposure. The purpose of the present study was to determine (1) if the delayed hyperthermia is linked to CHP-induced hypothermia and (2) if the hypothermia and delayed hyperthermia are regulated by the CNS thermoregulatory centers. Core temperature (Tc) and motor activity (MA) of female Long-Evans rats were monitored via radiotelemetry. Rats housed in a temperature gradient were administered the control vehicle or CHP (25 mg/kg (p.o.)) while Tc, MA and ambient temperature (Ta) preferred by rats in the gradient (i.e. selected Ta) were recorded. There was an initial reduction in Tc concomitant with a decrease in selected Taa A gradual recovery in Tc occurred during the first night along with a preference for warmer Ta's and depressed MA. The day after CHP there was an elevation in Tc but no change in selected Ta, suggesting that the delayed rise in Tc was regulated. In another experiment, the hypothermic effects of CHP (25 mg/kg (p.o.)) were blocked by raising Ta from 22 to 31 degrees C immediately after CHP administration. Non-heated rats administered CHP underwent a marked period of hypothermia followed by an elevation in diurnal Tc for 2 days. Heated rats showed no hypothermic response but did undergo a hyperthermic response 48 h after CHP. MA was reduced during the first night after CHP in both non-heated and heated groups. Overall, the CHP-induced hyperthermia is not dependent on the development of hypothermia. Behavioral thermoregulatory observations suggest that both hypothermia and hyperthermia are regulated by CNS thermoregulatory centers. JF - Toxicology AU - Gordon, C J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. gordon@herl45.herl.epa.gov Y1 - 1997/12/31/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 31 SP - 165 EP - 171 VL - 124 IS - 3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Chlorpyrifos -- toxicity KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79563990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+thermoregulatory+response+to+chlorpyrifos+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-12-31&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiologically based estimation of in vivo rates of bromodichloromethane metabolism. AN - 79542095; 9458004 AB - Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) is a rodent carcinogen formed by chlorination of drinking water containing bromide and organic precursors. BDCM is a member of the class of disinfection by-products known as trihalomethanes (THMs), compounds that have been shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has been developed and applied to provide estimates of the rates of metabolism of BDCM in vivo in rats. The model consists of five compartments (liver, kidney, fat and slowly and rapidly perfused tissues). Tissue partition coefficients were determined using a modified vial equilibration technique and rates of metabolism were estimated by fitting data obtained from stable metabolite (bromide ion, (Br-)) analysis following 4 h constant concentration BDCM inhalation exposure (50-3200 ppm) and closed chamber gas uptake experiments. Metabolism was described using a single saturable pathway representing a high capacity, high affinity process (Vmaxc = 12.8 mg/h/kg; Km = 0.5 mg/l). Rate constants obtained from Br- data adequately described data from gas uptake experiments and literature data on exhalation of 14CO and 14CO2 produced following oral gavage with 14C-BDCM. Pretreatment with trans-dichloroethylene (t-DCE), an inhibitor of CYP2E1, increased the apparent Km from 0.5 to 225 mg/l indicating that CYP2E1 is the major P450 isoform involved in the bioactivation of BDCM to reactive intermediates. JF - Toxicology AU - Lilly, P D AU - Andersen, M E AU - Ross, T M AU - Pegram, R A AD - Experimental Toxicology Division, MD-74, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1997/12/26/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 26 SP - 141 EP - 152 VL - 124 IS - 2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Bromides KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated KW - Trihalomethanes KW - bromodichloromethane KW - 7LN464CH2O KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 KW - EC 1.14.13.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Bromides -- blood KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- metabolism KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79542095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Physiologically+based+estimation+of+in+vivo+rates+of+bromodichloromethane+metabolism.&rft.au=Lilly%2C+P+D%3BAndersen%2C+M+E%3BRoss%2C+T+M%3BPegram%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Lilly&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-12-26&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of fire on soil-atmosphere exchange of methane and carbon dioxide in Canadian boreal forest sites AN - 16394736; 4305731 AB - During the spring and summer of 1994 we monitored soil-atmosphere exchanges of methane and carbon dioxide at upland sites in the Canadian boreal forest near the northern study area (NSA) of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). The effects of fire on methane and carbon dioxide exchange in black spruce stands developed on clay soils were evaluated by measuring fluxes with dark chambers in unburned stands and stands burned in 1994, 1992, and 1987. Similar measurements were made in jack pine stands developed on sandy soils, one unburned and the other burned in 1989. All of the sites were net sinks of atmospheric methane with median fluxes ranging from -0.3 to -1.4 mg CH sub(4)-C m super(-2) d super(-1). Median fluxes of carbon dioxide from the forest floor to the atmosphere ranged between 1 and 2 g C m super(-2) d super(-1). Both ecosystem characteristics (e.g., soil and vegetation type) and burning history (time since burn and fire intensity) appear to have some effect on atmospheric methane consumption and carbon dioxide emission by these forest soils. In general, the jack pine sites were stronger methane sinks and had lower carbon dioxide emissions than the black spruce sites. After a few years of recovery, the burned sites tended to be slightly stronger methane sinks than unburned controls. Our results suggest that soil CO sub(2) effluxes from upland black spruce stands may not be immediately impacted by fire, possibly maintained at preburn levels by microbial decomposition of labile compounds released as a result of the fire. By 2 years postfire there appears to be a significant reduction in soil CO sub(2) flux, due to the loss of tree root and moss respiration and possibly to the depletion of fire-related labile compounds. The observed recovery of soil respiration rates to preburn levels by 7 years postburn is probably due to the respiration of regrowing vegetation and the combined effects of elevated soil temperatures (about 4 degree to 5 degree C warmer than unburned sites) and improved litter quality on soil microbial activities. We estimate that soil CO sub(2) emissions from recently burned boreal forest soils in the northern hemisphere could be of the order of 0.35 Pg C yr super(-1), which is in good agreement with a previous estimate that was derived in a different manner. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. D. Atmospheres AU - Burke, R A AU - Zepp, R G AU - Tarr, MA AU - Miller, W L AU - Stocks, B J AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA Y1 - 1997/12/26/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 26 SP - 29 EP - 29,300 VL - 102 IS - D24 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - BOREAS KW - Canada KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16394736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.atitle=Effect+of+fire+on+soil-atmosphere+exchange+of+methane+and+carbon+dioxide+in+Canadian+boreal+forest+sites&rft.au=Burke%2C+R+A%3BZepp%2C+R+G%3BTarr%2C+MA%3BMiller%2C+W+L%3BStocks%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-26&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=D24&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil-atmosphere fluxes of carbon monoxide during early stages of postfire succession in upland Canadian boreal forests AN - 16394654; 4305732 AB - Soil-atmosphere fluxes of carbon monoxide (CO) were investigated during BOREAS 1994 (June to September 1994) in forest sites near the northern study area (NSA) of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). Fluxes and related ancillary data were measured for both upland black spruce (located on poorly drained clay-textured soils) and jack pine sites (well-drained sandy soils) that were in early stages of succession following stand replacement fires that occurred within 7 years of BOREAS 1994. Nearby control stands that had not burned in the past 80 years were studied for comparison. Net fluxes measured by using transparent closed chambers were generally positive at the warmer, sunlit burn sites but negative (sink activity) in the shaded, cooler control sites. Carbon monoxide uptake in controls, which was first order with respect to CO concentration, was little affected by covering the sampling chambers to exclude light. Median deposition velocities calculated from the uptake fluxes were 0.015 cm s super(-1) at the black spruce control site and 0.0085 cm s super(-1) at the jack pine control site, at the lower end of the range of values observed by others in tropical and temperate ecosystems. Daytime CO fluxes at the burn sites were generally positive (10 super(11)-10 super(12) molecules cm super(-2) s super(-1)) and were lowered when solar irradiance was excluded from the chambers by covering or when cloudiness or smoke reduced the light intensity. Net fluxes at the burn sites were controlled by competition between abiotic production, mainly at the surface, and by oxidation deeper in the soil. Abiotic production, which was attributable to photoproduction and thermal decomposition of the surface organic layer and charcoal, strongly correlated with incident solar irradiance, and thus the greatest fluxes were observed during midday. Results of these studies indicate that the locally dependent changes in boreal fire return intervals that are linked to global climate change represent an important biospheric/physical feedback that is likely to alter the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of CO. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. D. Atmospheres AU - Zepp, R G AU - Miller, W L AU - Tarr, MA AU - Burke, R A AU - Stocks, B J AD - Ecosystems Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA Y1 - 1997/12/26/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 26 SP - 29 EP - 29,311 VL - 102 IS - D24 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - BOREAS KW - Canada KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16394654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.atitle=Soil-atmosphere+fluxes+of+carbon+monoxide+during+early+stages+of+postfire+succession+in+upland+Canadian+boreal+forests&rft.au=Zepp%2C+R+G%3BMiller%2C+W+L%3BTarr%2C+MA%3BBurke%2C+R+A%3BStocks%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Zepp&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-26&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=D24&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+D.+Atmospheres&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of environmental agents for developmental toxicity: current and emerging approaches. AN - 79524184; 9434870 JF - Mutation research AU - Dellarco, V L AU - Kimmel, C A AD - National Center for Environmental Assessment (8601), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. dellarco.vicki@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1997/12/12/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 12 SP - 205 EP - 218 VL - 396 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Paternal Exposure KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Humans KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pregnancy KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Zygote -- drug effects KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79524184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+environmental+agents+for+developmental+toxicity%3A+current+and+emerging+approaches.&rft.au=Dellarco%2C+V+L%3BKimmel%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Dellarco&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-12-12&rft.volume=396&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Failure of monochloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid administered in the drinking water to produce liver cancer in male F344/N rats. AN - 79439577; 9388534 AB - The chlorinated acetic acids monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) are found as chlorine disinfection by-products in finished drinking-water supplies. TCA has been demonstrated to be a mouse liver carcinogen. A chronic study in which male Fischer 344/N rats were exposed for 104 wk to TCA and MCA in the drinking water is described. Animals, 28 d old, were exposed to 0.05, 0.5, or 2 g/L MCA, or 0.05, 0.5, or 5 g/L TCA. The 2.0 g/L MCA was lowered in stages to 1 g/L when the animals began to exhibit signs of toxicity. A time-weighted mean daily MCA concentration (MDC) of 1.1 g/L was calculated over the 104-wk exposure period. Time-weighted mean daily doses (MDD) based upon measured water consumption were 3.5, 26.1, and 59.9 mg/kg/d for 0.05, 0.5, and 1.1 g/L MCA, respectively; TCA MDD were 3.6, 32.5, and 363.8 mg/kg/d. Nonneoplastic hepatic changes were for the most part spontaneous and age related. No evidence of hepatic neoplasia was found at any of the MCA or TCA doses. The incidence of neoplastic lesions at other sites was not enhanced over that in the control group. Drinking water concentrations of > or = 0.5 g/L MCA produced a moderate to severe toxicity as reflected by a depressed water consumption and growth rate. A no-observed-effects level (NOEL) for carcinogenicity of 0.5 g/L (26.1 mg/kg/d) MCA was calculated. TCA at drinking water levels as high as 5 g/L produced only minimal toxicity and growth inhibition and provided a NOEL of 364 mg/kg/d. Our results demonstrate that under the conditions of this bioassay, MCA and TCA were not tumorigenic in the male F344/N rat. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - DeAngelo, A B AU - Daniel, F B AU - Most, B M AU - Olson, G R AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. deangelo.anthony@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1997/12/12/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 12 SP - 425 EP - 445 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - chloroacetic acid KW - 5GD84Y125G KW - Trichloroacetic Acid KW - 5V2JDO056X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Water Supply KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Trichloroacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Acetates -- administration & dosage KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Trichloroacetic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Acetates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79439577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Failure+of+monochloroacetic+acid+and+trichloroacetic+acid+administered+in+the+drinking+water+to+produce+liver+cancer+in+male+F344%2FN+rats.&rft.au=DeAngelo%2C+A+B%3BDaniel%2C+F+B%3BMost%2C+B+M%3BOlson%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=DeAngelo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-12-12&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Terrestrial carbon dynamics: Case studies in the former Soviet Union, the conterminous United States, Mexico and Brazil AN - 856754618; 13770788 AB - This research assessed land-use impacts on C flux at a national level in four countries: former Soviet Union, United States, Mexico and Brazil, including biotic processes in terrestrial ecosystems (closed forests, woodlands, and croplands), harvest of trees for wood and paper products, and direct C emission from fires. The terrestrial ecosystems of the four countries contain approximately 40% of the world's terrestrial biosphere C pool, with the FSU alone having 27% of the global total. Average phytomass C densities decreased from south to north while average soil C densities in all three vegetation types generally increased from south to north. The C flux from land cover conversion was divided into a biotic component and a land-use component. We estimate that the total net biotic flux (Tg/yr) was positive (=uptake) in the FSU (631) and the U.S. (332), but negative in Mexico (-37) and Brazil (-16). In contrast, total flux from land use was negative (=emissions) in all four countries (TgC/yr): FSU -342; U.S. -243; Mexico -35; and Brazil -235. The total net effect of the biotic and land-use factors was a C sink in the FSU and the U.S. and a C source in both Brazil and Mexico. JF - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change AU - Cairns, Michael A AU - Winjum, Jack K AU - Phillips, Donald L AU - Kolchugina, Tatyana P AU - Vinson, Ted S AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, 97333, Corvallis, OR, USA, michael@heart.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 363 EP - 383 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1381-2386, 1381-2386 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Fires KW - USA KW - Mexico KW - Emissions KW - Forests KW - Wood KW - agricultural land KW - terrestrial ecosystems KW - Biosphere KW - adaptability KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856754618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mitigation+and+Adaptation+Strategies+for+Global+Change&rft.atitle=Terrestrial+carbon+dynamics%3A+Case+studies+in+the+former+Soviet+Union%2C+the+conterminous+United+States%2C+Mexico+and+Brazil&rft.au=Cairns%2C+Michael+A%3BWinjum%2C+Jack+K%3BPhillips%2C+Donald+L%3BKolchugina%2C+Tatyana+P%3BVinson%2C+Ted+S&rft.aulast=Cairns&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mitigation+and+Adaptation+Strategies+for+Global+Change&rft.issn=13812386&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF00464888 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-11-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Fires; Emissions; Wood; Forests; agricultural land; Biosphere; terrestrial ecosystems; adaptability; USA; Mexico DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464888 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of visual signals by rats: effects of chlordiazepoxide and cholinergic and adrenergic drugs on sustained attention. AN - 85248670; pmid-9438673 AB - Central cholinergic and adrenergic pathways support the attentional processes necessary for detecting and reporting temporally unpredictable stimuli. To assess the functional effects of pharmacological manipulations of these pathways, male Long-Evans rats performed a two-choice, discrete-trial signal-detection task in which food was provided for pressing one lever after presentation of a signal (a 300-ms light flash), and for pressing a second lever at the end of a trial lacking a signal. Seven signal intensities were presented during each 1-h session in a pseudo-random order across three 100-trial blocks. After acquisition of a stable performance baseline, the acute effects of chlordiazepoxide (0, 3, 5, 8 mg/kg i.p.), pilocarpine (0, 1.0, 1.8, 3.0 mg/kg s.c.), scopolamine 0, 0.030, 0.056, 0.100 mg/kg s.c.), nicotine (0, 0.08, 0.25, 0.75 mg/kg s.c.), mecamylamine (0, 1.8, 3.0, 5.6 mg/kg i.p.), clonidine (0, 0.003, 0.010, 0.030 mg/kg s.c.), and idazoxan (0, 1, 3, 10 mg/kg s.c.) were assessed. Five measures of performance were analyzed: response failures; the proportion of "hits" [P(hit): the proportion of correct responses on signal trials]; the proportion of "false alarms" [P(fa): the proportion of incorrect responses on non-signal trials]; and response times (RT) for hits and for correct rejections. All drugs which slowed responding affected RT for hits and correct rejections equivalently, suggesting little or no influence of motor slowing on choice accuracy. Chlordiazepoxide reduced P(hit) at low signal intensities only, without affecting P(fa) or RT, consistent with sensory impairment (reduced visual sensitivity). All other drugs except nicotine reduced P(hit) at high signal intensities preferentially, suggesting a non-visual source of the impairment. Scopolamine, mecamylamine and clonidine affected both P(hit) and P(fa); pilocarpine and idazoxan reduced P(hit) without affecting P(fa). Nicotine at 0.75 mg/kg decreased P(hit) in the first block of trials; at 0.08 mg/kg it increased P(hit) in the second block; no dose affected P(fa). RTs were increased by pilocarpine, scopolamine, mecamylamine and clonidine, but not by nicotine or idazoxan. The data suggest that drugs which reduce cholinergic or adrenergic tone (scopolamine, mecamylamine and clonidine) impair sustained attention by decreasing the detection of signals and by increasing the false alarm rate, whereas drugs which elevate cholinergic or adrenergic tone (pilocarpine, nicotine and idazoxan) decrease attention by impairing detection of signals without affecting the false alarm rate. In contrast, the GABA-facilitating drug chlordiazepoxide appeared to affect visual thresholds rather than attention. JF - Psychopharmacology AU - Bushnell, P J AU - Oshiro, W M AU - Padnos, B K AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 230 EP - 241 VL - 134 IS - 3 SN - 0033-3158, 0033-3158 KW - Rats KW - Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 KW - Photic Stimulation KW - Signal Detection (Psychology) KW - Cholinergic Antagonists KW - Cholinergic Agonists KW - Adrenergic Agents KW - GABA Modulators KW - Animal KW - Psychomotor Performance KW - Chlordiazepoxide KW - Cholinergic Agents KW - Attention KW - Male KW - Reaction Time UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85248670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+visual+signals+by+rats%3A+effects+of+chlordiazepoxide+and+cholinergic+and+adrenergic+drugs+on+sustained+attention.&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J%3BOshiro%2C+W+M%3BPadnos%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology&rft.issn=00333158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combining physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling with Monte Carlo simulation to derive an acute inhalation guidance value for trichloroethylene. AN - 79540080; 9441916 AB - Using the Monte Carlo method and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, an occupational inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene consisting of 7 h of exposure per day for 5 days was simulated in populations of men and women of 5000 individuals each. The endpoint of concern for occupational exposure was drowsiness. The toxicologic condition leading to drowsiness was assumed to be high levels of both trichloroethanol and trichloroethylene. Therefore, the output of the simulation or dose metric was the maximum value of the sum of the concentration of trichloroethylene in blood and the concentration of trichloroethanol within its volume of distribution occurring within 1 week of exposure. The distributions of the dose metric in the simulated populations were lognormal. To protect 99% of a worker population, a concentration of 30 ppm over a 7-h period of the work day should not be exceeded. Subjecting a susceptible individual (the 99th percentile of the dose metric) to 200 ppm (the ACGIH short-term exposure limit or STEL) for 15 min twice a day over a work week necessitates a 2.5-h rest in fresh air following the STEL exposure to allow the blood concentrations of trichloroethylene and trichloroethanol to drop to levels that would not cause drowsiness. Both the OSHA PEL and the ACGIH TLV are greater than the value of 30 ppm derived here. As well as suggesting a new occupational guidance value, this study provides an example of this method of guidance value derivation. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Simon, T W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta Federal Center, Georgia 30303-3104, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 257 EP - 270 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Trichloroethylene KW - 290YE8AR51 KW - Ethylene Chlorohydrin KW - 753N66IHAN KW - 2,2,2-trichloroethanol KW - AW835AJ62N KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Ethylene Chlorohydrin -- toxicity KW - Body Fluid Compartments KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Ethylene Chlorohydrin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ethylene Chlorohydrin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ethylene Chlorohydrin -- blood KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Computer Simulation KW - Trichloroethylene -- pharmacokinetics KW - Solvents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Trichloroethylene -- blood KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Models, Biological KW - Trichloroethylene -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79540080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Combining+physiologically+based+pharmacokinetic+modeling+with+Monte+Carlo+simulation+to+derive+an+acute+inhalation+guidance+value+for+trichloroethylene.&rft.au=Simon%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response relationships for polyhalogenated dioxins and dibenzofurans following subchronic treatment in mice. I. CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 enzyme activity in liver, lung, and skin. AN - 79524348; 9439722 AB - The dose-response relationships for induction of liver, lung, and skin ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and liver acetanilide-4-hydroxylase (ACOH) activity following subchronic exposure to either 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (1-PeCDF), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), or octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) were determined in female B6C3F1 mice in order to estimate the relative enzyme inducing potency of these chemicals in three different tissues. The relative potencies were calculated based on tissue concentrations as well as administered dose. A dose-dependent induction of EROD activity in liver, lung, and skin and of ACOH activity in liver was found for all seven chemicals. When based on administered dose, the relative potencies for specific congeners did not vary substantially among tissues. The relative potencies for TCDF and 1-PeCDF, congeners which have much shorter half-lives than TCDD, increased for all enzymes when estimated from tissue concentrations. The relative potency of OCDF, which is poorly absorbed, was greater when estimated from tissue concentrations than when estimated from administered dose. 4-PeCDF is highly sequestered in hepatic tissue and when the relative potency was estimated based on tissue concentration, its potency for skin enzyme induction increased. These data indicate that the relative potency of these chemicals is influenced not only by the relative binding affinity to the Ah receptor, but also by differences in pharmacokinetic properties of these chemicals. In addition, it may be useful to derive two sets of toxic equivalency factor values, one used for estimating intake equivalents and the other for estimating tissue equivalents. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - DeVito, M J AU - Diliberto, J J AU - Ross, D G AU - Menache, M G AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. devito@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 267 EP - 280 VL - 147 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dioxins KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Mice KW - Models, Biological KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Skin -- enzymology KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Dioxins -- administration & dosage KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Benzofurans -- administration & dosage KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- biosynthesis KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- biosynthesis KW - Benzofurans -- pharmacology KW - Dioxins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79524348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Dose-response+relationships+for+polyhalogenated+dioxins+and+dibenzofurans+following+subchronic+treatment+in+mice.+I.+CYP1A1+and+CYP1A2+enzyme+activity+in+liver%2C+lung%2C+and+skin.&rft.au=DeVito%2C+M+J%3BDiliberto%2C+J+J%3BRoss%2C+D+G%3BMenache%2C+M+G%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=DeVito&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-19 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of Helicobacter pylori by chlorination. AN - 79474238; 9406419 AB - Three strains of Helicobacter pylori were studied to determine their resistance to chlorination. The organisms were readily inactivated by free chlorine and should therefore be controlled by disinfection practices normally employed in the treatment of drinking water. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Johnson, C H AU - Rice, E W AU - Reasoner, D J AD - Water Supply and Water Resources Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 4969 EP - 4970 VL - 63 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Humans KW - Water Supply KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Water Microbiology KW - Helicobacter pylori -- drug effects KW - Helicobacter pylori -- pathogenicity KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology KW - Helicobacter pylori -- growth & development KW - Disinfectants -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79474238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+Helicobacter+pylori+by+chlorination.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+C+H%3BRice%2C+E+W%3BReasoner%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Feb;51(2):307-11 [3954344] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Feb;54(2):507-12 [3355136] Lancet. 1991 Jun 22;337(8756):1503-6 [1675369] Epidemiol Rev. 1991;13:42-59 [1765119] J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Aug;33(8):2162-5 [7559969] Lancet. 1992 Nov 14;340(8829):1194-5 [1359263] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Apr;59(4):1231-5 [8489232] J Infect Dis. 1993 Jul;168(1):222-6 [8515115] J Clin Pathol. 1992 Mar;45(3):228-31 [1556231] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological risk assessment; use, abuse, and alternatives AN - 52667332; 1997-072253 JF - Environmental Management (New York) AU - Lackey, R T A2 - Power, M. A2 - Adams, S. M. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 808 EP - 812 PB - Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - protection KW - waste management KW - human activity KW - pollution KW - risk assessment KW - policy KW - ecology KW - decision-making KW - preventive measures KW - remediation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52667332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management+%28New+York%29&rft.atitle=Ecological+risk+assessment%3B+use%2C+abuse%2C+and+alternatives&rft.au=Lackey%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Lackey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=808&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management+%28New+York%29&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ENMGDE N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - decision-making; ecology; human activity; policy; pollution; preventive measures; protection; remediation; risk assessment; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Density-dependent flow in one-dimensional variably-saturated media AN - 52616171; 1998-022791 AB - A one-dimensional finite element model is developed to simulate density-dependent flow of saltwater in variably saturated media. The flow and solute equations were solved in a coupled mode (iterative), in a partially coupled mode (non-iterative), and in a completely decoupled mode. Pressure head was considered as the dependent variable in the fluid motion equation, and a backward Euler scheme with mass lumping was used for time discretization of both flow and transport equations. The modified Picard method was used in the flow equation to solve for pressure heads. The model was verified by comparison to an analytical test function and published numerical results. It was found that density effects on the flow decreased with the pressure head. However, significant effects can still be observed at relatively low (negative) pressure heads. The density dependence effects were at their maxima at steady state. Partial coupling of the flow and transport equations was shown to give satisfactory results in comparison with full coupling. The advantage in partial coupling is a reduced amount of numerical computation. The finite element formulation of the model is presented in a form that allows a person with finite difference expertise to implement it easily. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Boufadel, Michel C AU - Suidan, Makram T AU - Venosa, Albert D Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 280 EP - 301 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 202 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - hydrology KW - Galerkin method KW - pressure KW - density KW - one-dimensional models KW - numerical analysis KW - Darcy's law KW - saturated materials KW - statistical analysis KW - unsaturated zone KW - coupling KW - nearshore environment KW - salt water KW - finite element analysis KW - theoretical studies KW - mathematical methods KW - hydrodynamics KW - coastal environment KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52616171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Density-dependent+flow+in+one-dimensional+variably-saturated+media&rft.au=Boufadel%2C+Michel+C%3BSuidan%2C+Makram+T%3BVenosa%2C+Albert+D&rft.aulast=Boufadel&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coastal environment; coupling; Darcy's law; density; finite element analysis; Galerkin method; hydrodynamics; hydrology; mathematical methods; nearshore environment; numerical analysis; one-dimensional models; pressure; salt water; saturated materials; statistical analysis; theoretical studies; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using GC-MS/combustion/IRMS to determine the (super 13) C/ (super 12) C ratios of individual hydrocarbons produced from the combustion of biomass materials; application to biomass burning AN - 52610168; 1998-029286 JF - Organic Geochemistry AU - O'Malley, Vincent P AU - Burke, Roger A AU - Schlotzhauer, William S Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 567 EP - 581 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 27 IS - 7-8 SN - 0146-6380, 0146-6380 KW - Plantae KW - precision KW - isotopes KW - biomass KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - gas chromatograms KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - mass spectra KW - alkanes KW - combustion KW - stable isotopes KW - organic compounds KW - n-alkanes KW - carbon KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - spectra KW - accuracy KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52610168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Organic+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Using+GC-MS%2Fcombustion%2FIRMS+to+determine+the+%28super+13%29+C%2F+%28super+12%29+C+ratios+of+individual+hydrocarbons+produced+from+the+combustion+of+biomass+materials%3B+application+to+biomass+burning&rft.au=O%27Malley%2C+Vincent+P%3BBurke%2C+Roger+A%3BSchlotzhauer%2C+William+S&rft.aulast=O%27Malley&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Organic+Geochemistry&rft.issn=01466380&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01466380 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; aromatic hydrocarbons; biomass; C-13/C-12; carbon; combustion; gas chromatograms; hydrocarbons; isotope ratios; isotopes; mass spectra; n-alkanes; organic compounds; Plantae; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; precision; spectra; stable isotopes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the impact of nuclear wastes in the Russian Arctic AN - 52471948; 1999-042312 JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Champ, Michael A AU - Makeyev, V V AU - Brooks, James M AU - DeLaca, Ted E AU - van der Horst, Kay M AU - Engle, Marilyn Vorela A2 - Champ, Michael A. A2 - Makeyev, Vyacheslav M. A2 - Brooks, James M. A2 - DeLaca, Ted E. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 203 EP - 221 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 35 IS - 7-12 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - sea water KW - isotopes KW - Russian Federation KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - radioactive waste KW - waste management KW - spatial distribution KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - cesium KW - transport KW - Eurasia KW - Arctic Ocean KW - nuclear explosions KW - fallout KW - explosions KW - pollutants KW - Arctic region KW - alkali metals KW - pollution KW - Russian Arctic KW - provenance KW - Kara Sea KW - Cs-137 KW - metals KW - marine environment KW - waste disposal KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52471948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+impact+of+nuclear+wastes+in+the+Russian+Arctic&rft.au=Champ%2C+Michael+A%3BMakeyev%2C+V+V%3BBrooks%2C+James+M%3BDeLaca%2C+Ted+E%3Bvan+der+Horst%2C+Kay+M%3BEngle%2C+Marilyn+Vorela&rft.aulast=Champ&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7-12&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0025326X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Contaminants in the Arctic N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 79 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MPNBAZ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; Arctic Ocean; Arctic region; cesium; Commonwealth of Independent States; Cs-137; environmental analysis; environmental effects; Eurasia; explosions; fallout; isotopes; Kara Sea; marine environment; metals; nuclear explosions; pollutants; pollution; provenance; radioactive isotopes; radioactive waste; Russian Arctic; Russian Federation; sea water; spatial distribution; transport; waste disposal; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mine backfilling to limit surface subsidence; a case history AN - 52237146; 2001-032587 AB - An expansion at the Wabash Valley Correctional Institution, U.S.A., required development over abandoned coal-mine workings where it was determined that subsidence could occur at the surface. Backfilling of the flooded mine 90 m beneath the surface in critical areas was determined to be the most cost-effective method of limiting the risk of damage to the buildings. Each mine area was first contained by placing containment grout in selected entries and crosscuts. The remaining volume was filled with a readily flowing infill grout. Where a high proportion of an area was taken up by rubble a set retarder/plasticizer (calcium lignosulphonate) was used to increase penetration. During grouting grout movement was monitored from adjacent boreholes with an electric resistivity probe. After grouting had been finished core samples were obtained from verification holes drilled in the backfilled mine areas. JF - Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Transactions, Section A: Mining Industry AU - Marino, Gennaro G AU - Patel, Kalpesh A AU - Carr, Patrick H Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 163 EP - 169 PB - Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London VL - 106 SN - 0371-7844, 0371-7844 KW - United States KW - backfill KW - mines KW - monitoring KW - geologic hazards KW - stability KW - mathematical models KW - grouting KW - land subsidence KW - case studies KW - Carlisle Mine KW - planning KW - Indiana KW - abandoned mines KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52237146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Institution+of+Mining+and+Metallurgy%2C+Transactions%2C+Section+A%3A+Mining+Industry&rft.atitle=Mine+backfilling+to+limit+surface+subsidence%3B+a+case+history&rft.au=Marino%2C+Gennaro+G%3BPatel%2C+Kalpesh+A%3BCarr%2C+Patrick+H&rft.aulast=Marino&rft.aufirst=Gennaro&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Institution+of+Mining+and+Metallurgy%2C+Transactions%2C+Section+A%3A+Mining+Industry&rft.issn=03717844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - TIMNAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; backfill; Carlisle Mine; case studies; geologic hazards; grouting; Indiana; land subsidence; mathematical models; mines; monitoring; planning; stability; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequential extraction of fallout radiocesium from the soil; small scale and large scale spatial variability AN - 51916008; 2003-084423 JF - Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry AU - Bunzl, K AU - Schimmack, W AU - Belli, M AU - Riccardi, M A2 - Singh, Narayani P. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 47 EP - 53 PB - Elsevier, Lausanne-Budapest VL - 226 IS - 1-2 SN - 1417-2097, 1417-2097 KW - isotopes KW - techniques KW - Europe KW - layered materials KW - radioactive isotopes KW - cesium KW - Central Europe KW - sequential extraction KW - depositional environment KW - chemical composition KW - fallout KW - soils KW - concentration KW - chemical analysis KW - monitoring KW - Bavaria Germany KW - variance analysis KW - physicochemical properties KW - statistical analysis KW - alkali metals KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - detection KW - Cs-137 KW - Chernobyl nuclear accident KW - metals KW - Germany KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51916008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Radioanalytical+and+Nuclear+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Sequential+extraction+of+fallout+radiocesium+from+the+soil%3B+small+scale+and+large+scale+spatial+variability&rft.au=Bunzl%2C+K%3BSchimmack%2C+W%3BBelli%2C+M%3BRiccardi%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bunzl&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Radioanalytical+and+Nuclear+Chemistry&rft.issn=14172097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth international conference on Low-level measurements of actinides and long-lived radionuclides in biological and environmental samples N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; Bavaria Germany; Central Europe; cesium; chemical analysis; chemical composition; Chernobyl nuclear accident; concentration; Cs-137; depositional environment; detection; Europe; fallout; Germany; isotopes; layered materials; metals; migration of elements; monitoring; physicochemical properties; pollution; radioactive isotopes; sequential extraction; soils; statistical analysis; techniques; variance analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indicators of nitrate export from forested watersheds of the mid-Appalachians, United States of America AN - 50166814; 1998-029724 AB - Soil net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates were studied on nine undisturbed, forested watersheds in an effort to explain large variations in nitrate export in streamflow within the mid-Appalachian region. Rates of soil net nitrogen mineralization and net nitrification were measured in the upper 10 cm of mineral soil over a 5-week summer incubation period (June-July) using nine buried bags in each of the three major soil types on each watershed. Watersheds with high, medium, and low nitrate export rates exhibited high, medium, and low mean net nitrogen mineralization and net nitrification rates, respectively. Exchangeable calcium (an index to site fertility), C/N ratios, and soil moisture content together explained 63% of the variation in soil nitrogen mineralization rates, and exchangeable calcium and soil moisture content explained 61% of the variation in soil nitrification rates using multiple regression analysis. The variation in watershed nitrate export was best explained by total nitrogen in the upper 10 cm of mineral soil (explained 46%) and the percentage of mineralization due to nitrification (explained 42%). Estimated rates of wet and dry atmospheric deposition of nitrogen were not significantly correlated with watershed nitrate export. Results from this study demonstrate that soil nitrogen pools and dynamics are the most critical factors controlling nitrate export from forested watersheds in the mid-Appalachians. Long-term changes in site fertility, C/N ratios, and soil moisture, which largely control microbial nitrogen cycling, should have a significant effect on long-term trends in nitrate leaching. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Williard, Karl W J AU - DeWalle, David R AU - Edwards, Pamela J AU - Schnabel, Ronald R AU - Church, M Robbins AU - Driscoll, Charles T Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 649 EP - 656 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - United States KW - soils KW - forests KW - North America KW - moisture KW - C/N KW - Appalachians KW - nitrogen KW - geochemical cycle KW - nitrification KW - Central Appalachians KW - carbon KW - drainage basins KW - mineralization KW - Maryland KW - Pennsylvania KW - nitrate ion KW - leaching KW - chemical ratios KW - West Virginia KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50166814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Indicators+of+nitrate+export+from+forested+watersheds+of+the+mid-Appalachians%2C+United+States+of+America&rft.au=Williard%2C+Karl+W+J%3BDeWalle%2C+David+R%3BEdwards%2C+Pamela+J%3BSchnabel%2C+Ronald+R%3BChurch%2C+M+Robbins%3BDriscoll%2C+Charles+T&rft.aulast=Williard&rft.aufirst=Karl+W&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97GB01627 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AGU Chapman conference on Nitrogen cycling in forested catchments N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; C/N; carbon; Central Appalachians; chemical ratios; drainage basins; forests; geochemical cycle; leaching; Maryland; mineralization; moisture; nitrate ion; nitrification; nitrogen; North America; Pennsylvania; soils; United States; West Virginia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97GB01627 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate leaching in coniferous forest ecosystems; the European field-scale manipulation experiments NITREX (nitrogen saturation experiments) and EXMAN (experimental manipulation of forest ecosystems) AN - 50166785; 1998-029721 AB - The results of two European field-scale manipulation projects (NITREX (nitrogen saturation experiments) and EXMAN (experimental manipulation of forest ecosystems)) were used to evaluate the effect of ecosystem disturbance on nitrate leaching in coniferous forest ecosystems. The first principle component (PC1) of a principle component analysis explained 85 % of the variation in nitrate leaching between the 12 sites. This PC1 consisted of nitrogen concentrations and fluxes in the ecosystem and was interpreted as an indicator of N status. Nitrate leaching responded rapidly to manipulation of nitrogen deposition, especially in sites with ambient high nitrate leaching. This rapid response could be explained partly by an immediate hydrological response of increased drainage. However, results of field-scale (super 15) N tracer experiments indicated that microbial processes in the organic layer had changed after a few years of changed N deposition. In sites with already significant nitrate leaching, irrigation caused a large increase in nitrate leaching due to enhanced mineralization. Combined fertilization and irrigation had only a limited effect on nitrate leaching in nitrogen-limited sites, whereas in nitrogen-saturated sites, nitrate leaching was significantly increased. The hypothesized nitrate pulse as a result of rewetting after drought did not occur in any of the sites. We conclude that the effect of disturbance on nitrate leaching depends on the N status of the ecosystem: in sites that are nitrogen-saturated, nitrate leaching is very sensitive to disturbance. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Tietema, Albert AU - Beier, Claus AU - de Visser, Pieter H B AU - Emmett, Bridget A AU - Gundersen, Per AU - Kjonaas, O Janne AU - Koopmans, Chris J AU - Church, M Robbins AU - Driscoll, Charles T Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 617 EP - 626 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - Spermatophyta KW - EXMAN KW - isotopes KW - Ireland KW - Europe KW - ecosystems KW - Coniferales KW - Picea sitchensis KW - Switzerland KW - stable isotopes KW - Pinus KW - Great Britain KW - nitrogen KW - irrigation KW - Pinus sylvestris KW - Picea KW - Central Europe KW - tracers KW - Denmark KW - Picea abies KW - nitrate ion KW - Netherlands KW - water KW - soils KW - forests KW - Plantae KW - experimental studies KW - Coniferae KW - Western Europe KW - principal components analysis KW - Gymnospermae KW - statistical analysis KW - Wales KW - N-15 KW - United Kingdom KW - NITREX KW - geochemical cycle KW - Scandinavia KW - saturation KW - Pseudotsuga KW - Pinaceae KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Norway KW - leaching KW - Germany KW - Sweden KW - microorganisms KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50166785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Nitrate+leaching+in+coniferous+forest+ecosystems%3B+the+European+field-scale+manipulation+experiments+NITREX+%28nitrogen+saturation+experiments%29+and+EXMAN+%28experimental+manipulation+of+forest+ecosystems%29&rft.au=Tietema%2C+Albert%3BBeier%2C+Claus%3Bde+Visser%2C+Pieter+H+B%3BEmmett%2C+Bridget+A%3BGundersen%2C+Per%3BKjonaas%2C+O+Janne%3BKoopmans%2C+Chris+J%3BChurch%2C+M+Robbins%3BDriscoll%2C+Charles+T&rft.aulast=Tietema&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97GB01628 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AGU Chapman conference on Nitrogen cycling in forested catchments N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Central Europe; Coniferae; Coniferales; Denmark; ecosystems; Europe; EXMAN; experimental studies; forests; geochemical cycle; Germany; Great Britain; Gymnospermae; Ireland; irrigation; isotopes; leaching; microorganisms; N-15; Netherlands; nitrate ion; NITREX; nitrogen; Norway; Picea; Picea abies; Picea sitchensis; Pinaceae; Pinus; Pinus sylvestris; Plantae; principal components analysis; Pseudotsuga; Pseudotsuga menziesii; saturation; Scandinavia; soils; Spermatophyta; stable isotopes; statistical analysis; Sweden; Switzerland; tracers; United Kingdom; Wales; water; Western Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97GB01628 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaching of nitrogen from forested catchments in Finland AN - 50166651; 1998-029722 AB - This study provides an assessment on the spatial variability of the long-term leaching (8-23 years) of nitrogen and organic carbon from 22 forested catchments (0.69-56 km (super 2) ). The catchments are located throughout Finland excluding the northernmost regions. The Kruunuoja catchment is located in a national park; the other catchments represent typical Finnish forestry land. The leaching from the 21 forestry land catchments can be considered to represent average leaching from Finnish forestry land since the most important forestry practices (ditching, clear-cutting, scarification, and fertilization) since the 1960s have affected about 2.4% of the catchment area per year (compare 2.5% in the entire country in 1980 and 2% in 1991). Moreover, the mean annual runoff from the catchments, 230-420 mm yr (super -1) , agree with the mean annual runoff from Finland (301 mm yr (super -1) from 1931 to 1990). The major part of the nitrogen transported from the catchments consisted of organic nitrogen (on average 79%). The average inorganic nitrogen proportion ((NO (sub 3) -N + NH (sub 4) -N)/N (sub tot) ) was lowest (7.3%) in the Kruunuoja catchment and was highest (54%) in the southernmost Teeressuonoja catchment located in the highest anthropogenic nitrogen deposition area. The median C/N ratio in the study streams was high, ranging from 34 to 66. Nitrate leaching from the catchments varied between 2.8 (Kruunuoja) and 100 kg km (super -2) yr (super -1) (Teeressuonoja) and was negatively related to C/N ratio in stream water and latitude. The stepwise multiple regression model selected C/N ratio and nitrogen deposition which together explained 72% of the variation in NO (sub 3) -N leaching. Retention of NO (sub 3) -N deposition (calculated as ((input-output)/input) was high in all catchments, ranging from 0.99 in Kruunuoja to 0.67 in Teeressuonoja. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Kortelainen, Pirkko AU - Saukkonen, Sari AU - Mattsson, Tuija AU - Church, M Robbins AU - Driscoll, Charles T Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 627 EP - 638 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - peatlands KW - Spermatophyta KW - C/N KW - nitrogen KW - spatial variations KW - carbon KW - drainage basins KW - organic nitrogen KW - organic carbon KW - nitrate ion KW - chemical ratios KW - southern Finland KW - water KW - soils KW - forests KW - Plantae KW - Coniferae KW - human activity KW - Gymnospermae KW - statistical analysis KW - geochemical cycle KW - mires KW - central Finland KW - hydrogen KW - runoff KW - leaching KW - regression analysis KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50166651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Leaching+of+nitrogen+from+forested+catchments+in+Finland&rft.au=Kortelainen%2C+Pirkko%3BSaukkonen%2C+Sari%3BMattsson%2C+Tuija%3BChurch%2C+M+Robbins%3BDriscoll%2C+Charles+T&rft.aulast=Kortelainen&rft.aufirst=Pirkko&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97GB01961 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AGU Chapman conference on Nitrogen cycling in forested catchments N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - C/N; carbon; central Finland; chemical ratios; Coniferae; drainage basins; forests; geochemical cycle; Gymnospermae; human activity; hydrogen; land use; leaching; mires; nitrate ion; nitrogen; organic carbon; organic nitrogen; peatlands; Plantae; regression analysis; runoff; soils; southern Finland; spatial variations; Spermatophyta; statistical analysis; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97GB01961 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term nitrogen dynamics of Coweeta forested watersheds in the Southeastern United States of America AN - 50165213; 1998-029725 AB - We analyzed long-term (23 years) data of inorganic N deposition and loss for an extensive network of mature mixed hardwood covered watersheds in the southern Appalachians of North Carolina to assess trends and dynamics of N in baseline ecosystems. We also assessed watershed N saturation in the context of altered N cycles and stream inorganic N responses associated with management practices (cutting prescriptions, species replacement, and prescribed burning) and with natural disturbances (drought and wet years, insect infestations, hurricane damage, and ozone events) on reference watersheds. Reference watersheds were characterized as highly conservative of inorganic N with deposition < 9.0 kg ha (super -1) yr (super -1) and stream water exports below 0.25 kg ha (super -1) yr (super -1) . However, reference watersheds appeared to be in a transition phase between stage 0 and stage 1 of watershed N saturation as evidenced by significant time trend increases in annual flow-weighted concentrations of NO (sub 3) (super -) in stream water and increases in the seasonal amplitude and duration of NO (sub 3) concentrations during 1972-1994. These stream water chemistry trends were partially attributed to significant increases in NO (sub 3) (super -) and NH (sub 4) (super -) concentrations in bulk precipitation over the same period and/or reduced biological demand due to forest maturation. Levels and annual patterns of stream NO (sub 3) (super -) concentrations and intra-annual seasonal patterns characteristic of latter phases of stages 1 and 2 of watershed N saturation were found for low-elevation and high-elevation clear-cut watersheds, respectively, and were related to the dynamics of microbial transformations of N and vegetation uptake. Evidence for stage 3 of N saturation, where the watershed is a net source of N rather than a N sink, was found for the most distributed watershed at Coweeta (hardwood converted to grass, fertilized, limed, treated with herbicide, and subsequently characterized by successional vegetation). Compared to other intensive management practices, prescribed burning had little effect on stream water NO (sub 3) (super -) concentrations, and stream NO (sub 3) (super -) losses associated with natural disturbances are small and short-lived. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Swank, Wayne T AU - Vose, James M AU - Church, M Robbins AU - Driscoll, Charles T Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 657 EP - 671 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - United States KW - ammonium ion KW - Appalachians KW - Nantahala Range KW - ecosystems KW - nitrogen KW - Coweeta Basin KW - fires KW - drainage basins KW - nitrate ion KW - baseline studies KW - forests KW - North America KW - human activity KW - Blue Ridge Province KW - Macon County North Carolina KW - background level KW - surface water KW - hydrochemistry KW - inorganic materials KW - geochemical cycle KW - Southern Appalachians KW - saturation KW - North Carolina KW - land management KW - seasonal variations KW - leaching KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50165213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Long-term+nitrogen+dynamics+of+Coweeta+forested+watersheds+in+the+Southeastern+United+States+of+America&rft.au=Swank%2C+Wayne+T%3BVose%2C+James+M%3BChurch%2C+M+Robbins%3BDriscoll%2C+Charles+T&rft.aulast=Swank&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97GB01752 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AGU Chapman conference on Nitrogen cycling in forested catchments N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ammonium ion; Appalachians; background level; baseline studies; Blue Ridge Province; Coweeta Basin; drainage basins; ecosystems; fires; forests; geochemical cycle; human activity; hydrochemistry; inorganic materials; land management; land use; leaching; Macon County North Carolina; Nantahala Range; nitrate ion; nitrogen; North America; North Carolina; saturation; seasonal variations; Southern Appalachians; surface water; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97GB01752 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of land use, climate variation, and N deposition on N cycling and C storage in northern hardwood forests AN - 50165182; 1998-029723 AB - We hypothesized that much of the variability in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) loss from forested catchments can be explained by land use history and interannual climatic variation, and that these factors determine the degree to which N deposition results in increased storage of C in forests. We used an existing model of C, N, and water balances in forest ecosystems in conjunction with long-term climate and N leaching loss data from several northern hardwood forest ecosystems to predict the effects of land use, climate variability and N deposition on C storage and N cycling and loss. Six sites from the White Mountains of New Hampshire with very different land use histories and annual stream DIN losses were used. The only model parameter that varied between sites was land use or disturbance history. Each site was simulated using both mean climate data for each year and actual time series climate data. Vegetation removal resulted in a period of increased DIN leaching, followed by losses below those in control stands for both measured and simulated data. One site with an extreme fire event over 170 years ago still showed reduced N losses in both modeled and measured data. Significant interannual variation in DIN loss is evident in the field data. Model predictions using actual climate time series data captured much of this variation. This high interannual variability along with the slow rate of change in DIN loss predicted by PnET-CN using mean climate throughout the simulations suggests that statistically significant increases in DIN leaching losses due to long-term increases in N deposition will not be detectable for several decades, given current rates of N deposition. N deposition increased C storage in all simulations, but the quantity stored was about 50% that predicted by another published model. This difference results from differences in the efficiency with which added N is retained in the ecosystem. The previous model used an 80% retention value, while retention was closer to 50% over most of the time period examined here. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Aber, John D AU - Driscoll, Charles T AU - Church, M Robbins Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 639 EP - 648 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - United States KW - forests KW - Cone Pond KW - Hubbard Brook experimental forest KW - ecosystems KW - climate change KW - nitrogen KW - Grafton County New Hampshire KW - geochemical cycle KW - New Hampshire KW - models KW - Bowl Natural Area KW - drainage basins KW - White Mountains KW - carbon cycle KW - leaching KW - Carroll County New Hampshire KW - land use KW - climate KW - storage KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50165182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Effects+of+land+use%2C+climate+variation%2C+and+N+deposition+on+N+cycling+and+C+storage+in+northern+hardwood+forests&rft.au=Aber%2C+John+D%3BDriscoll%2C+Charles+T%3BChurch%2C+M+Robbins&rft.aulast=Aber&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97GB01366 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AGU Chapman conference on Nitrogen cycling in forested catchments N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bowl Natural Area; carbon cycle; Carroll County New Hampshire; climate; climate change; Cone Pond; drainage basins; ecosystems; forests; geochemical cycle; Grafton County New Hampshire; Hubbard Brook experimental forest; land use; leaching; models; New Hampshire; nitrogen; storage; United States; White Mountains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97GB01366 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - AGU Chapman conference on Nitrogen cycling in forested catchments AN - 50164027; 1998-029720 AB - The American Geophysical Union sponsored a Chapman Conference on "Nitrogen Cycling in Forested Catchments" on September 16-20,1996. This conference brought together scientists from many disciplines to share recent observations and to discuss advances in the study of nitrogen (N) cycling in forests. Conference presentations and discussions focused on mechanisms controlling the retention and losses of N in forests and on the effects of atmospheric deposition, land use, and climate on watershed N loss. The importance of dissolved organic nitrogen in the biogeochemistry of N was a subject of considerable discussion. Several critical issues were identified for future research on N cycling in forested catchments. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Church, M Robbins AU - Driscoll, Charles T Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 613 EP - 681 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - forests KW - symposia KW - drainage basins KW - nitrogen KW - geochemical cycle KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50164027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=AGU+Chapman+conference+on+Nitrogen+cycling+in+forested+catchments&rft.au=Church%2C+M+Robbins%3BDriscoll%2C+Charles+T&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97GB01626 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AGU Chapman conference on Nitrogen cycling in forested catchments N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drainage basins; forests; geochemical cycle; nitrogen; symposia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97GB01626 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrient fluxes in forests of the eastern Sierra Nevada mountains, United States of America AN - 50163997; 1998-029726 AB - Soil nutrient contents and fluxes in semiarid lodgepole (Pinus contorta [Dougl.]) and Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi [Grev. and BaIf.]) stands of the eastern Sierra Nevada mountains are described and compared to those in the Integrated Forest Study sites [Johnson and Lindberg, 1992]. These Sierran forests, like others in the southwestern United States, have very low N, S, and H (super +) fluxes compared to more humid forests. Base cation fluxes in these Sierran forests are high relative to more humid forests, however, reflecting the high base status of the soils, inputs from nearby desert systems, and high rates of soil weathering. Soil C and N contents in these Sierran forests are low compared to those in more humid forests, probably because of lower primary productivity and more frequent fire. Soil extractable P pools in these Sierran forests vary by 2 orders of magnitude and are strongly influenced by parent material. As in most snow-dominated systems, pulses of NO (sub 3) (super -) are released from the melting snowpack each spring in the Sierran forests. Nitrogen released from melting snowpack is retained in the soil in most cases, but there are substantial springtime pulses of NO (sub 3) (super -) in stream waters during dry years. Budget calculations indicated that N losses during fire (both wildfire and prescribed fire) and N gains associated with postfire N-fixing vegetation are an order of magnitude greater than N inputs and outputs via solution phase. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Johnson, Dale W AU - Susfalk, Richard B AU - Dahlgren, Randy A AU - Church, M Robbins AU - Driscoll, Charles T Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 673 EP - 681 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - United States KW - Sierra Nevada KW - water quality KW - terrestrial environment KW - Basin and Range Province KW - semi-arid environment KW - C/N KW - Sagenhen Creek basin KW - environmental analysis KW - nitrogen KW - fires KW - California KW - carbon KW - drainage basins KW - nitrate ion KW - chemical ratios KW - pH KW - Nevada KW - climate KW - baseline studies KW - soils KW - forests KW - Sierra County California KW - North America KW - cation exchange capacity KW - surface water KW - phosphorus KW - Little Valley KW - Truckee California KW - geochemical cycle KW - Alfisols KW - Inceptisols KW - metals KW - sulfur KW - uranium KW - Washoe County Nevada KW - leaching KW - actinides KW - meltwater KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50163997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Nutrient+fluxes+in+forests+of+the+eastern+Sierra+Nevada+mountains%2C+United+States+of+America&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Dale+W%3BSusfalk%2C+Richard+B%3BDahlgren%2C+Randy+A%3BChurch%2C+M+Robbins%3BDriscoll%2C+Charles+T&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=673&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97GB01750 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AGU Chapman conference on Nitrogen cycling in forested catchments N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; Alfisols; baseline studies; Basin and Range Province; C/N; California; carbon; cation exchange capacity; chemical ratios; climate; drainage basins; environmental analysis; fires; forests; geochemical cycle; Inceptisols; leaching; Little Valley; meltwater; metals; Nevada; nitrate ion; nitrogen; North America; pH; phosphorus; Sagenhen Creek basin; semi-arid environment; Sierra County California; Sierra Nevada; soils; sulfur; surface water; terrestrial environment; Truckee California; United States; uranium; Washoe County Nevada; water quality DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97GB01750 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field-scale evaluation of in situ cosolvent flushing for enhanced aquifer remediation AN - 50163048; 1998-074687 AB - A comprehensive, field-scale evaluation of in situ cosolvent flushing for enhanced remediation of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL)-contaminated aquifers was performed in a hydraulically isolated test cell (about 4.3 m X 3.6 m) constructed at a field site at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. This sand-gravel-cobble surficial aquifer, underlain by a deep clay confining unit at about 6 m below ground surface, was contaminated with a multicomponent NAPL as a result of jet fuel and chlorinated solvent disposal during the 1940s and 1950s. The water table within the test cell was raised to create a 1.5 m saturated flow zone that contained the NAPL smear zone. The cosolvent flushing test consisted of pumping about 40,000 L (approximately nine pore volumes) of a ternary cosolvent mixture (70% ethanol, 12% n-pentanol, and 18% water) through the test cell over a period of 10 days, followed by flushing with water for another 20 days. Several methods for assessing site remediation yielded consistent results, indicating that on the average >85% mass of the several target contaminants was removed as a result of the cosolvent flushing; NAPL constituent removal effectiveness was greater (90-99 (super +) %) in the upper 1-m zone, in comparison to about 70-80% in the bottom 0.5-m zone near the clay confining unit. Various interacting factors that control the hydrodynamic sweep efficiency, and the NAPL removal effectiveness during cosolvent flushing in this unconfined aquifer are discussed. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Rao, P Suresh C AU - Annable, Michael D AU - Sillan, Randall K AU - Dai, Dongping AU - Hatfield, Kirk AU - Graham, Wendy D AU - Wood, A Lynn AU - Enfield, Carl G Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 2673 EP - 2686 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 33 IS - 12 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - waste management KW - Summit County Utah KW - saturated zone KW - solvents KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Wasatch Range KW - North America KW - in situ KW - pollutants KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - U. S. Rocky Mountains KW - aquifers KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - organic compounds KW - Hill Air Force Base KW - testing KW - Utah KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Rocky Mountains KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50163048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Field-scale+evaluation+of+in+situ+cosolvent+flushing+for+enhanced+aquifer+remediation&rft.au=Rao%2C+P+Suresh+C%3BAnnable%2C+Michael+D%3BSillan%2C+Randall+K%3BDai%2C+Dongping%3BHatfield%2C+Kirk%3BGraham%2C+Wendy+D%3BWood%2C+A+Lynn%3BEnfield%2C+Carl+G&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=P+Suresh&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2673&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F97WR02145 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 9 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; chlorinated hydrocarbons; field studies; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; Hill Air Force Base; hydraulic conductivity; in situ; nonaqueous phase liquids; North America; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; prediction; remediation; Rocky Mountains; saturated zone; solute transport; solvents; Summit County Utah; testing; U. S. Rocky Mountains; United States; Utah; Wasatch Range; waste management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97WR02145 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Susceptibility and risk: An overview AN - 17261901; 4562411 AB - This symposium on susceptibility and risk was the third in a series designed to bring together experts from diverse disciplines to discuss contemporary issues in risk assessment. The topic in 1996 was especially challenging since susceptibility is influenced by a myriad of factors including environmental, genetic, social and political elements. The delineation of the relative contribution of various `susceptibility' factors has major implications for risk management options that may be applied in a regulatory context (risk prevention and risk reduction) or by the individual (risk avoidance). Current approaches to account for susceptibility in risk assessments (e.g. application of an uncertainty factor) have frequently been challenged as to their scientific basis and thus need periodic re-examination or update to maintain a credible foundation for the assessment process. The goal of this symposium was to gain a better understanding of the dimensions of the problem and to explore the directions that the risk assessment process might follow to better quantify the contribution of susceptibility in risk calculations. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Zenick, H AU - Costa, D L Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 187 EP - 188 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 4 IS - 3-4 KW - susceptibility KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Conferences KW - Reviews KW - X 24270:Proceedings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17261901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+and+risk%3A+An+overview&rft.au=Zenick%2C+H%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Zenick&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Genetic and acquired determinants of individual susceptibility: Introduction AN - 17260542; 4562422 AB - Quantitative risk assessment involves relating environmental chemical exposures with the rate or frequency of adverse health effects. Most of the current approaches use either existing human or animal data which has generally been obtained at high exposure levels. Then, based on assumptions as to how the exposure and effect are mathematically related, an extrapolation is made to low exposure levels. Often this is a linear extrapolation. This `dose-response' curve can then be used to set standards and allowable limits. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Moore, M M Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 271 EP - 272 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 4 IS - 3-4 KW - susceptibility KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Genetics KW - Dosimetry KW - Standards KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17260542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+acquired+determinants+of+individual+susceptibility%3A+Introduction&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Human activities that may lead to high inhaled intake doses in children aged 6-13 AN - 17260267; 4562420 AB - This paper focuses on possible activities of children aged 6-13 that may make them susceptible to high hourly intake doses of ozone (O sub(3)) air pollution. Data from an O sub(3) exposure modeling exercise indicates that relatively few hours can account for a significant amount of the total cumulative ozone intake dose (D super(T) sub(I)) received in a year. While O sub(3) concentration levels affected the hourly intake dose (D sub(Ih)) more than breathing rate (V sub(E)), there was a distinct and significant relationship between V sub(E) and D sub(Ih) when hours in a year were stratified by concentration levels. By investigating the V sub(E) levels associated with high dose hours, it appears that activities with an hourly V sub(E) rate of between 25 and 45 l/min can lead to high intake doses of O sub(3). The exercise literature was reviewed to ascertain which activities could lead to that range of V sub(E)'s and be sustained by children for 1 h. A list of such activities was developed. If an analyst is interested only in modeling high D sub(Ih) hours for children aged 6-13, an efficient approach might be to focus on those activities and estimate D super(T) sub(I) for the other hours in an aggregated manner. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - McCurdy, T Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 251 EP - 260 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 4 IS - 3-4 KW - man KW - susceptibility KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Air pollution KW - Children KW - Ozone KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17260267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Human+activities+that+may+lead+to+high+inhaled+intake+doses+in+children+aged+6-13&rft.au=McCurdy%2C+T&rft.aulast=McCurdy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ambient particulate matter and respiratory and cardiovascular illness in adults: Particle-borne transition metals and the heart-lung axis AN - 17259963; 4562432 AB - Epidemiological studies have consistently shown associations of exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) with severe health effects, including mortality and hospitalization, in adults. From the standpoints of both relative risk and attributable risk, the public health burden of ambient PM exposure is potentially greatest in elderly adults with underlying cardiopulmonary illness. Recent experimental data suggest that PM-borne transition metals have toxicity that could be mechanistically relevant to PM-related epidemiological findings. These data may prove to be especially relevant in elderly adults with cardiopulmonary illness. At the same time, important uncertainties remain in the epidemiological and experimental databases, such that the true degree of correspondence between the two is not yet known. In our opinion, this combination of emerging experimental-epidemiological coherence and remaining uncertainty imparts high priority to further research into the health effects of PM-borne transition metals. This research should not be confined to the respiratory system. Rather, it should examine the entire heart-lung axis and should probably consider other body systems (e.g. the vascular system) as well. In this research, close interdisciplinary communication should be sustained and experimental and epidemiological approaches should be coordinated to the maximum feasible extent. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Chapman, R S AU - Watkinson, W P AU - Dreher, K L AU - Costa, D L Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 331 EP - 338 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 4 IS - 3-4 KW - ambient particulate matter KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Metals KW - Particulate pollution KW - Respiratory tract KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17259963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Ambient+particulate+matter+and+respiratory+and+cardiovascular+illness+in+adults%3A+Particle-borne+transition+metals+and+the+heart-lung+axis&rft.au=Chapman%2C+R+S%3BWatkinson%2C+W+P%3BDreher%2C+K+L%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Accounting for susceptibility in risk assessment: The need for full disclosure AN - 17259679; 4562419 AB - Many Environmental Laws create the unrealistic expectation that science can be used to determine `safety'. The many uncertainties surrounding environmental risks, as well as individual, group and societal differences about what is considered `safe', make it inevitable that policy decisions must be made. It is appropriate that such decisions be shaped by politics and social issues, as well as be informed by science and economics, but care should be taken to distinguish between policy and fact. Not much is known about the nature and magnitude of environmental susceptibilities. Credible environmental decisions require that scientists, risk assessors and decision-makers acknowledge this, and that they take care to distinguish policy calls from scientific fact. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Fowle, JR III Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 247 EP - 250 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 4 IS - 3-4 KW - susceptibility KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Government policy KW - Toxicity testing KW - Environmental protection KW - Legislation KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17259679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Accounting+for+susceptibility+in+risk+assessment%3A+The+need+for+full+disclosure&rft.au=Fowle%2C+JR+III&rft.aulast=Fowle&rft.aufirst=JR&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Accounting for susceptibility in risk assessment: Current practice and new directions AN - 17259656; 4562412 AB - Differences in susceptibility between individuals can lead to variability in response to chemical exposures which in turn modify the risk of illness. As a means of exploring the basis for such differences in susceptibility, a project was undertaken to determine what data were available on the range of response variability for several health effects: neurotoxicity, reproductive/developmental toxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and cancer. In addition, modeling approaches for characterizing response variability were examined and evaluated. The main goal of this effort was to determine whether human response variability was adequately accounted for in the current risk assessment procedures for human health effects. The conclusions of the project were that few data are available, both because variability has rarely been the primary focus of study, and because data are not usually reported in such a way that response variability can be determined. Several recommendations were made to facilitate better characterization of interindividual variability, including the study of variability in available human data (e.g. the NHANES database) and allowing greater access to raw data from epidemiologic studies. In addition, the identification of relevant biomarkers, improved understanding of sources of variability, interaction of chemical effects with other exposures or pre-existing disease, and retrospective evaluations of risk assessments were recommended. It is hoped that these recommendations will stimulate research on susceptibility and response variability and encourage the reporting of data in a way that facilitates analysis of interindividual variability in response. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Kimmel, CA AU - Neumann, DA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 189 EP - 194 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 4 IS - 3-4 KW - susceptibility KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Toxicity testing KW - Public health KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17259656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Accounting+for+susceptibility+in+risk+assessment%3A+Current+practice+and+new+directions&rft.au=Kimmel%2C+CA%3BNeumann%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen cycling in forested catchments: A Chapman Conference AN - 17218498; 4508147 AB - The American Geophysical Union sponsored a Chapman Conference on "Nitrogen Cycling in Forested Catchments" on September 16-20, 1996. This conference brought together scientists from many disciplines to share recent observations and to discuss advances in the study of nitrogen (N) cycling in forests. Conference presentations and discussions focused on mechanisms controlling the retention and losses of N in forests and on the effects of atmospheric deposition, land use, and climate on watershed N loss. The importance of dissolved organic nitrogen in the biogeochemistry of N was a subject of considerable discussion. Several critical issues were identified for future research on N cycling in forested catchments. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Church, M R AU - Driscoll, C T AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Oregon Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 613 EP - 616 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Research priorities KW - Conferences KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Catchment areas KW - Forest watersheds KW - Climates KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Deposition KW - Land use KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17218498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+cycling+in+forested+catchments%3A+A+Chapman+Conference&rft.au=Church%2C+M+R%3BDriscoll%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Includes special section: Nitrogen cycling in forested catchments. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Research priorities; Conferences; Catchment areas; Biogeochemistry; Forest watersheds; Climates; Deposition; Nitrogen cycle; Land use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sustainable development and the evolving agenda for environmental protection in the mining industry AN - 16487560; 4373557 AB - To implement even the most widely accepted principles of environmental protection, appropriate governmental and industry structures are needed. Examples relevant to the mining industry are given. Despite improved performance, the mining industry needs to take further steps to fully embrace the concept of sustainable development. Most important is the commitment to "do the right thing", which has often been a motivating factor in the past. JF - Industry and Environment AU - Carbon, B AD - Australian EPA, 188 Empire Avenue, Wembley Downs, Western Australia 6019, Australia Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 10 EP - 13 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0378-9993, 0378-9993 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16487560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industry+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Sustainable+development+and+the+evolving+agenda+for+environmental+protection+in+the+mining+industry&rft.au=Carbon%2C+B&rft.aulast=Carbon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Industry+and+Environment&rft.issn=03789993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response relationships for polyhalogenated dioxins and dibenzofurans following subchronic treatment in mice AN - 16474898; 4392322 AB - The dose-response relationships for induction of liver, lung, and skin ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and liver acetanilide-4-hydroxylase (ACOH) activity following subchronic exposure to either 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (1-PeCDF), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), or octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) were determined in female B6C3F1 mice in order to estimate the relative enzyme inducing potency of these chemicals in three different tissues. The relative potencies were calculated based on tissue concentrations as well as administered dose. A dose-dependent induction of EROD activity in liver, lung, and skin and of ACOH activity in liver was found for all seven chemicals. When based on administered dose, the relative potencies for specific congeners did not vary substantially among tissues. The relative potencies for TCDF and 1-PeCDF, congeners which have much shorter half-lives than TCDD, increased for all enzymes when estimated from tissue concentrations. The relative potency of OCDF, which is poorly absorbed, was greater when estimated from tissue concentrations than when estimated from administered dose. 4-PeCDF is highly sequestered in hepatic tissue and when the relative potency was estimated based on tissue concentration, its potency for skin enzyme induction increased. These data indicate that the relative potency of these chemicals is influenced not only by the relative binding affinity to the Ah receptor, but also by differences in pharmacokinetic properties of these chemicals. In addition, it may be useful to derive two sets of toxic equivalency factor values, one used for estimating intake equivalents and the other for estimating tissue equivalents. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - DeVito, MJ AU - Diliberto, J J AU - Ross, D G AU - Menache, M G AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, devito@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 267 EP - 280 VL - 147 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase KW - polyhalogenated dibenzofurans KW - polyhalogenated dioxins KW - tetrachlorodibenzofuran KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16474898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Dose-response+relationships+for+polyhalogenated+dioxins+and+dibenzofurans+following+subchronic+treatment+in+mice&rft.au=DeVito%2C+MJ%3BDiliberto%2C+J+J%3BRoss%2C+D+G%3BMenache%2C+M+G%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=DeVito&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heavy metal, organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl contamination in Arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryi) in Northern Alaska AN - 16457456; 4354013 AB - Heavy metal and organochlorine (OC) concentrations, including organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs), were determined in arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryi) from three sites in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska in 1991-93. Heavy metals were present in most squirrel livers collected, with concentrations of trace elements (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Pb) averaging below 1 mu g/g wet weight. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p'-DDE, gamma hexachlorocyclohexane ( gamma -HCH), trans-nonachlor, and PCBs 138, 153, and 170 were the most frequently detected OCs in fat and liver. Average concentrations of individual OC analytes were below 20 ng/g wet weight in liver and below 15 ng/g wet weight in fat. Rank correlations indicate that concentrations of heavy metals and of OCs accumulate in concert with one another (As, Cd, Cu, and Zn; PCBs 138, 170, and 180). Although heavy metal and OC concentrations are low relative to other areas and other arctic species, the occurrence of these compounds illustrates the global pervasiveness of persistent organic compounds and the potential for bioaccumulation in the terrestrial arctic food web. JF - Arctic AU - Allen-Gil, S M AU - Landers, D H AU - Wade, T L AU - Sericano, J L AU - Lasorsa, B K AU - Crecelius, E A AU - Curtis, L R AD - Natl. Res. Counc. Associate, U.S. EPA Natl. Health and Environ. Effects Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 323 EP - 333 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0004-0843, 0004-0843 KW - PCB KW - USA, Alaska KW - bioaccumulation KW - heavy metals KW - organochlorides KW - pesticides (organochlorine) KW - tundra KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16457456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic&rft.atitle=Heavy+metal%2C+organochlorine+pesticide+and+polychlorinated+biphenyl+contamination+in+Arctic+ground+squirrels+%28Spermophilus+parryi%29+in+Northern+Alaska&rft.au=Allen-Gil%2C+S+M%3BLanders%2C+D+H%3BWade%2C+T+L%3BSericano%2C+J+L%3BLasorsa%2C+B+K%3BCrecelius%2C+E+A%3BCurtis%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Allen-Gil&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arctic&rft.issn=00040843&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the morphological transforming activities of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene in C3H10T1/2CL8 cells and characterization of the dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-DNA adducts AN - 16404829; 4286856 AB - C3H10T1/2CL8 (C3H10T1/2) mouse embryo fibroblasts were used to study the in vitro carcinogenic activities of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The morphological transforming activities of these rodent carcinogens were compared using replicate concentration-response studies. In concentration ranges where both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were active, DB[a,l]P proved to be four to 12 times as potent as B[a]P based on concentration. At lower concentrations DB[a,l]P was active at 0.10 and 0.20 mu M, concentrations where B[a]P was inactive. This makes DB[a,l]P the most potent non-methylated PAH evaluated to date in C3H10T1/2 cells. DNA adducts of DB[a,l]P in C3H10T1/2 cells were analyzed by both TLC and TLC/HPLC super(32)P-postlabeling methods using mononucleotide 3'-phosphate adduct standards derived from the reactions of anti-DB[a,l]P-11,12-diol-13,14-epoxide (anti-DB[a,l]PDE) and syn-DB[a,l]P-11,12-diol-13,14-epoxide (syn-DB[a,l]PDE) with deoxyadenosine 3'-monophosphate and deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate. All of the DNA adducts observed in C3H10T1/2 cells treated with DB[a,l]P were identified as being derived from the metabolism of DB[a,l]P to its fjord region diol epoxides through DB[a,l]P,11,12-diol. The predominant adduct was identified as an anti-DB[a,l]PDE-deoxyadenosine adduct. Other major adducts were anti-DB[a,l]PDE-deoxyguanosine and syn-DB[a,l]PDE-deoxyadenosine adducts with minor amounts of syn-DB[a,l]PDE-deoxyguanosine adducts. These DNA adduct data are consistent with similar findings of DB[a,l]PDE-deoxyadenosine adducts in mouse skin studies and human mammary cells in culture. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Nesnow, S AU - Davis, C AU - Nelson, G AU - Ross, JA AU - Allison, J AU - Adams, L AU - King, L C AD - Biochemistry and Pathobiology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, MD-68, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1973 EP - 1978 VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene KW - cell lines KW - dibenzo(a,l)pyrene KW - mice KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16404829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+morphological+transforming+activities+of+dibenzo%5Ba%2Cl%5Dpyrene+and+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+in+C3H10T1%2F2CL8+cells+and+characterization+of+the+dibenzo%5Ba%2Cl%5Dpyrene-DNA+adducts&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+C%3BNelson%2C+G%3BRoss%2C+JA%3BAllison%2C+J%3BAdams%2C+L%3BKing%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-induced DNA adduction, tumorigenicity, and Ki-ras oncogene mutations in strain A/J mouse lung AN - 16401556; 4286854 AB - Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), an environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is the most potent carcinogen ever tested in mouse skin and rat mammary gland. In this study, DB[a,l]P was examined for DNA adduction, tumorigenicity, and induction of Ki-ras oncogene mutations in tumor DNA in strain A/J mouse lung. Groups of mice received a single i.p. injection of 0.3, 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 mg/kg DB[a,l]P in tricaprylin. Following treatment, DNA adducts were measured at times between 1 and 28 days, while tumors were counted at 250 days and analyzed for the occurrence of point mutations in codons 12 and 61 of the Ki-ras oncogene. DB[a,l]P in strain A/J mouse lung induced six major and four minor DNA adducts. Maximal levels of adduction occurred between 5 and 10 days after injection followed by a gradual decrease. DB[a,l]P-DNA adducts in lung tissue were derived from both anti- and syn-11,12-dihydroxy-13,14-epoxy-11,12,13,14- tetrahydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]PDE) and both deoxyadenosine (dAdo) and deoxyguanosine (dGuo) residues in DNA as revealed by cochromatography. The major adduct was identified as a product of the reaction of an anti-DB[a,l]PDE with dAdo in DNA. DB[a,l]P induced significant numbers of lung adenomas in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest dose (6.0 mg/kg) yielding 16.1 adenomas/mouse. In tricaprylin-treated control animals, there were 0.67 adenomas/mouse. Based on the administered dose, DB[a,l]P was more active than other environmental carcinogens including benzo[a]pyrene. As a function of time-integrated DNA adduct levels, DB[a,l]P induced lung adenomas with about the same potency as other PAHs, suggesting that the adducts formed by DB[a,l]P are similar in carcinogenic potency to other PAHs in the strain A/J mouse lung model. Analysis of the Ki-ras mutation spectrum in DB[a,l]P-induced lung tumors revealed the predominant mutations to be G arrow right T transversions in the first base of codon 12, A arrow right G transitions in the second base of codon 12, and A arrow right T transversions in the second or third base of codon 61, concordant with the DNA adduct profile. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Prahalad, A K AU - Ross, JA AU - Nelson, G B AU - Roop, B C AU - King, L C AU - Nesnow, S AU - Mass, MJ AD - Biochemistry and Pathobiology Branch (MD-68), Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1955 EP - 1963 VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - DNA adducts KW - Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene KW - Dibenzoa(a,l)pyrene KW - K-ras gene KW - Ki-ras gene KW - benzopyrene KW - mice KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - tricaprylin KW - Oncogenes & Growth Factors Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - B 26130:Ras and Ras related oncogenes (Rho/Rac/Ral) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16401556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Dibenzo%5Ba%2Cl%5Dpyrene-induced+DNA+adduction%2C+tumorigenicity%2C+and+Ki-ras+oncogene+mutations+in+strain+A%2FJ+mouse+lung&rft.au=Prahalad%2C+A+K%3BRoss%2C+JA%3BNelson%2C+G+B%3BRoop%2C+B+C%3BKing%2C+L+C%3BNesnow%2C+S%3BMass%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Prahalad&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1955&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aluminum potentiates glutamate-induced calcium accumulation and iron-induced oxygen free radical formation in primary neuronal cultures AN - 16400729; 4308326 AB - Aluminum is a neurotoxic metal that may be involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although the mechanism of action is not known, aluminum has been shown to alter Ca super(2+) flux and homeostasis, and facilitate peroxidation of membrane lipids. Since abnormal increases of intracellular Ca super(2+) and oxygen free radicals have both been implicated in pathways leading to neurodegeneration, we examined the effect of aluminum on these parameters in vitro using primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells. Exposure to glutamate (1-300 mu M) caused a concentration-dependent uptake of super(45)Ca in granule cells to a maximum of 280% of basal. Pretreatment with AlCl sub(3) (1-1000 mu M) had no effect on super(45)Ca accumulation, but increased the uptake induced by glutamate. Similarly, AlCl sub(3) had no effect on intracellular free Ca super(2+) levels measured using fluorescent probe fura-2, but potentiated the increase induced by glutamate. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined using the fluorescent probe dichlorofluorescin. By itself, AlCl sub(3) had little effect on ROS production. However, AlCl sub(3) pretreatment potentiated the ROS production induced by 50 mu MFe super(2+). These results suggest that aluminum may facilitate increases in intracellular Ca super(2+) and ROS, and potentially contribute to neurotoxicity induced by other neurotoxicants. JF - Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology AU - Mundy, W R AU - Freudenrich, T M AU - Kodavanti, PRS AD - Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, MUNDY.WILLIAM@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 41 EP - 57 VL - 32 IS - 1-3 SN - 1044-7393, 1044-7393 KW - aluminum KW - calcium (intracellular) KW - fura-2 KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - T 20083:Trace elements KW - N3 11101:General KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16400729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Chemical+Neuropathology&rft.atitle=Aluminum+potentiates+glutamate-induced+calcium+accumulation+and+iron-induced+oxygen+free+radical+formation+in+primary+neuronal+cultures&rft.au=Mundy%2C+W+R%3BFreudenrich%2C+T+M%3BKodavanti%2C+PRS&rft.aulast=Mundy&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Chemical+Neuropathology&rft.issn=10447393&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riparian restoration: Current status and the reach to the future AN - 16382103; 4270449 AB - Nine articles in the special issue of Restoration Ecology addressing the subject of site selection for riparian restoration activities were critically examined for this review. The approaches described make significant and original contributions to the field of riparian restoration. All are interdisciplinary to some extent, often combining the fields of hydrology, geomorphology, and biology in the design of restorations. A common component among the articles is that they take a broad view, if not a watershed view, of restoration site selection. The approaches can be generally described as top-down strategic approaches to siting restorations, as opposed to the more methods- and site-driven bottom-up, or tactical, approach. All the articles recognize the importance of developing endpoints related to the ecological function of riparian ecosystems. They succeed in their quest for these indicators of ecological function to varying degrees. The most common indicator used in these papers is riparian vegetation. Several additional elements of scientific investigation, if successfully pursued, could provide vital information and advance our understanding of riparian restoration: developing interdisciplinary approaches more fully; defining endpoints and reference conditions; implementing multiple scale approaches; viewing restorations as experimental ecosystem manipulations; developing a philosophy regarding exotic species; incorporating geographic information systems more often; and integrating science, society, and politics. The foundation provided by the contributions in this issue should provide a strong basis for the rapid advancement of future research in the area of riparian restoration. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Landers, D H AD - U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 113 EP - 121 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Baseline studies KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Planning KW - Riparian environments KW - Rivers KW - Rehabilitation KW - Environmental protection KW - Site selection KW - Habitat improvement KW - Reviews KW - Environmental restoration KW - Riparian vegetation KW - Interdisciplinary studies KW - Geographical information systems KW - Pollution control KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16382103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Riparian+restoration%3A+Current+status+and+the+reach+to+the+future&rft.au=Landers%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Landers&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Riparian Restoration. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Site selection; Baseline studies; Habitat improvement; Planning; Riparian environments; Riparian vegetation; Environmental protection; Pollution control; Vegetation patterns; Rehabilitation; Reviews; Environmental restoration; Interdisciplinary studies; Geographical information systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of approaches to prioritizing sites for riparian restoration AN - 16377209; 4270445 AB - This study compares the results of Olson and Harris (1997) and Russell et al. (1997) in their work to prioritize sites for riparian restoration in the San Luis Rey River watershed. Olson and Harris defined reaches of the mainstem and evaluated the relative potential for restoration and protection based on cover of natural vegetation, land use, and connectivity. Then they used data on geomorphic conditions, plant species composition, and community structure to prescribe strategies for restoration. Russell et al. used a modeling approach within a geographic information system to combine data on wetness and land use/land cover to identify areas with potential for protection and restoration. They prioritized the areas based on patch size and proximity to extant riparian habitat. The mainstem and associated floodplain defined by Olson and Harris was more than twice the size of the area defined by Russell et al., because Olson and Harris considered the entire valley floor, whereas Russell et al. used a wetness index to identify saturated zones within the floodplain. For seven of the twelve management units delineated along the mainstem, the two studies agreed on a strategy of restoration or protection. They differed on two. No comparison could be made of the three units for which Olson and Harris used project review, a unique category. Agreement of the results is due to the similarity of criteria used to identify and rank sites for protection and restoration; disagreement is due primarily to the level of resolution of the data. Both approaches have potential for use in watershed-level planning. The predictive power of the two approaches may be maximized when they are used in a complementary fashion. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Kentula, ME AD - U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - USA, California KW - USA, California, San Luis Rey R. KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Watersheds KW - Planning KW - Riparian environments KW - Rivers KW - Riparian land KW - Rehabilitation KW - Comparison studies KW - Environmental protection KW - Habitat improvement KW - Environmental restoration KW - Priorities KW - Riparian vegetation KW - Pollution control KW - SW 0810:General KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16377209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+approaches+to+prioritizing+sites+for+riparian+restoration&rft.au=Kentula%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Kentula&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Riparian Restoration. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Habitat improvement; Planning; Riparian environments; Riparian vegetation; Watersheds; Environmental protection; Pollution control; Rehabilitation; Priorities; Environmental restoration; Riparian land; Comparison studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ketoconazole impairs early pregnancy and the decidual cell response via alterations in ovarian function AN - 16371732; 4287283 AB - Ketoconazole (KCZ) is an imidazole antifungal agent that also affects P450 enzymes of the mammalian steroidogenic system. Several steps in the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway are known to be inhibited by KCZ, but previous work has failed to address the ramifications of such inhibition with respect to early pregnancy. In initial studies, Holtzman rats (8-10/group) were administered 10-100 mg/kg KCZ during days 1-8 of pregnancy. On day 9, evaluations revealed a reduction at both 75 and 100 mg KCZ/kg in the number of implantation sites and serum progesterone levels as well as an increase in ovarian weight. The decidual cell response (DCR) was blocked by KCZ in parallel with decreased serum progesterone and increased ovarian weight, indicating direct interference with uterine function. KCZ had no effect when given to long-term-ovariectomized rats that were hormone supplemented to permit the DCR, indicating that the ovary was at least one site of KCZ action on early pregnancy. Measurement of ovarian progesterone production in vitro from ovaries removed from rats treated in vivo with KCZ indicated a decline in progesterone production, suggesting a direct effect of KCZ on ovarian steroidogenesis. These data demonstrate that KCZ can compromise early pregnancy and appears to do so by inhibiting progesterone synthesis in the ovary. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Cummings, A M AU - Hedge, J L AU - Laskey, J AD - Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 238 EP - 246 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - rats KW - steroidogenesis KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16371732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Ketoconazole+impairs+early+pregnancy+and+the+decidual+cell+response+via+alterations+in+ovarian+function&rft.au=Cummings%2C+A+M%3BHedge%2C+J+L%3BLaskey%2C+J&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's neurotoxicity risk assessment guidelines AN - 16370495; 4287276 AB - The proposed Neurotoxicity Risk Assessment Guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were the subject of a workshop at the 1997 Meeting of the Society of Toxicology. Workshop was held at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT), Cincinnati, OH, March 9-13, 1997 (Sponsored by the Neurotoxicology and Risk Assessment Specialty Sections of the SOT). The workshop considered the role of guidelines in the risk assessment process, the primary features, scientific basis, and implications of the guidelines for EPA program offices, as well as for industrial neurotoxicologists from the perspectives of both pesticides and toxic substances regulation. The U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS, 1983, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process) established a framework for distinguishing risk management from risk assessment, the latter being the result of integrating hazard identification, hazard characterization, and exposure assessment data. The guidelines are intended to establish operating principles that will be used when examining data in a risk assessment context. The proposed neurotoxicity risk assessment guidelines provide a conceptual framework for deciding whether or not a chemically induced effect can be considered to be evidence of neurotoxicity. Topics in the proposed guidelines include structural and functional effects, dose-response and -duration considerations, and relationships between effects. Among the issues that must be considered are the multiplicity of chemical effects, the levels of biological organization in the nervous system, and the tests, measurements, and protocols used. Judgment of the adversity of an effect depends heavily on the amount and types of data available. The attribution of a chemically induced effect to an action on the nervous system depends on several factors such as the quality of the study, the nature of the outcome, dose-response and time-response relationships, and the possible involvement of nonneural factors. The guidelines will also serve as a reference for those conducting neurotoxicity testing, as well as establish a consistent approach to neurotoxicity risk assessment by regulators. Extending this approach through international harmonization would be advantageous to the development of products for a worldwide market. Thus, both risk assessors and regulated industries have a large stake in the guidelines to provide a framework that will lead to accurate risk assessment decisions. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Boyes, W K AU - Dourson, M L AU - Patterson, J AU - Tilson, HA AU - Sette, W F AU - MacPhail, R C AU - Li, A A AU - O'Donoghue, J L AD - MD-74B, Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 175 EP - 184 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - N3 11430:Conference proceedings KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16370495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+neurotoxicity+risk+assessment+guidelines&rft.au=Boyes%2C+W+K%3BDourson%2C+M+L%3BPatterson%2C+J%3BTilson%2C+HA%3BSette%2C+W+F%3BMacPhail%2C+R+C%3BLi%2C+A+A%3BO%27Donoghue%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Boyes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fine particles and coarse particles: Concentration relationships relevant to epidemiologic studies AN - 16323759; 4261337 AB - Fine particles and coarse particles are defined in terms of the modal structure of particle size distributions typically observed in the atmosphere. Differences between the various modes are discussed. The fractions of fine and coarse particles collected in specific size ranges, such as total suspended particulate matter (TSP), PM sub(10), PM sub(2.5), and PM sub((10-2.5)), are shown. Correlations of 24-h concentrations of PM sub(2.5), PM sub(10), and PM sub((10-2.5)) at the same site show that, in Philadelphia and St. Louis, PM sub(2.5) is highly correlated with PM sub(10) but poorly correlated with PM sub((10-2.5)). Among sites distributed across these urban areas, the site-to-site correlations of 24-h PM concentrations are high for PM sub(2.5) but not for PM sub((10-2.5)). This indicates that a PM measurement at a central monitor can serve as a better indicator of the community-wide concentration of fine particles than of coarse particles. The fraction of ambient outdoor particles found suspended indoors is greater for fine particles than for coarse particles because of the difference in indoor lifetimes. Consideration of these relationships leads to the hypothesis that the statistical associations found between daily PM indicators and health outcomes may be the result of variations in the fine particle component of the atmospheric aerosol, not of variations in the coarse component. As a result, epidemiologic studies using PM sub(10) or TSP may provide more useful information on the acute health effects of fine particles than coarse particles. Fine and coarse particles are separate classes of pollutants and should be measured separately in research and epidemiologic studies. PM sub(2.5) and PM sub((10-2.5)) are indicators or surrogates, but not measurements, of fine and coarse particles. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Wilson, W E AU - Suh, H H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1238 EP - 1249 VL - 47 IS - 12 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - epidemiology KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16323759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Fine+particles+and+coarse+particles%3A+Concentration+relationships+relevant+to+epidemiologic+studies&rft.au=Wilson%2C+W+E%3BSuh%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carry-over effects of ozone on root growth and carbohydrate concentrations of ponderosa pine seedlings AN - 16276496; 4268679 AB - Ozone exposure decreases belowground carbon allocation and root growth of plants; however, the extent to which these effects persist and the cumulative impact of ozone stress on plant growth are poorly understood. To evaluate the potential for plant compensation, we followed the progression of ozone effects, with particular emphasis on the development of new roots. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings were exposed to ozone for 2 years. Following removal of the seedlings from ozone, root growth was assessed to characterize the carry-over effects on new root production, and carbohydrate concentrations were measured to determine if allocation strategies differed among ozone treatments. Four months after removal from ozone, dormant seedlings had significantly lower starch concentrations in stems, coarse roots and fine roots than control seedlings. Following root flushing, starch concentrations in all seedlings decreased, with ozone-treated seedlings containing significantly less starch, sucrose, fructose, glucose and total monosaccharides than control seedlings. There was some evidence that stem starch was mobilized to compensate partially for the lower concentrations of root starch in ozone-treated seedlings; however, there was significantly less new root production in seedlings previously exposed to ozone for 2 years than in control seedlings. Early senescence of older needle age classes, perhaps resulting in inadequate available photosynthate, may be responsible for the reduction in new root production during the year following exposure to ozone. Stored carbohydrate reserves, which were depleted in seedlings previously exposed to ozone, were insufficient to compensate for the ozone-induced reduction in canopy photosynthate. We conclude that there are carry-over effects of ozone exposure on ponderosa pine seedlings, including an enhanced potential for seedling susceptibility to other stresses even in respite years when ozone concentrations are low. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Andersen, C P AU - Wilson, R AU - Plocher, M AU - Hogsett, W E AD - US EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 805 EP - 811 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Blackjack pine KW - Bull pine KW - Pinabete KW - Ponderosa pine KW - Rock pine KW - Western yellow pine KW - carbohydrates KW - growth KW - ozone KW - resource allocation KW - roots KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04803:Pollution effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16276496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Carry-over+effects+of+ozone+on+root+growth+and+carbohydrate+concentrations+of+ponderosa+pine+seedlings&rft.au=Andersen%2C+C+P%3BWilson%2C+R%3BPlocher%2C+M%3BHogsett%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioavailability and biodegradation kinetics protocol for organic pollutant compounds to achieve environmentally acceptable endpoints during bioremediation. AN - 79557598; 9472313 AB - This paper is an extension of our previous studies on quantitating biodegradation kinetics in soil slurry and compacted soil systems. Previous studies had mainly used phenol as a test contaminant. Phenol represents hydrophilic compounds which exhibit high water solubility and low soil sorption characteristics. This paper extends the experimental protocol using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as the test contaminants. PAHs are hydrophobic compounds with low water solubility and exhibit significant partitioning in soil organic carbon. Degradation rates of PAHs are much slower, thereby requiring acclimation of indigenous soil microbiota using microcosm reactors. The experimental protocol, elaborated in this paper, results in the measurement of biokinetic parameters which can be used to quantitate both ex situ and in situ bioremediation rates and assess the attainable endpoints. Biodegradation studies were conducted for naphthalene using soil slurry, soil wafer, and soil column reactors. Microcosm reactors were set-up to acclimate soil microbiota, and carbon dioxide evolution was used as a measure of acclimation. It was found that reasonable degree of PAH acclimation was achieved after 250 days of microcosm operation. Abiotic adsorption/desorption studies showed that equilibrium was achieved in about 20 hours and approximately 45% of the initial amount of naphthalene is adsorbed by the time equilibrium is attained. Further, desorption was much slower than adsorption with equilibrium being attained in 40 hours. Biokinetic parameters were derived from the cumulative oxygen uptake data of soil slurry, wafer, and column reactors using detailed mathematical models. The cumulative oxygen uptake in all three reactors were almost the same, since naphthalene primarily degraded in the soil phase and the extent of degradation in the aqueous phase was small. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Tabak, H H AU - Govind, R AD - NRMRL, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. Y1 - 1997/11/21/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 21 SP - 36 EP - 61 VL - 829 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Naphthalenes KW - 0 KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - naphthalene KW - 2166IN72UN KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Naphthalenes -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Bioreactors KW - Adsorption KW - Diffusion KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- metabolism KW - Carbon Dioxide -- metabolism KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Biological Availability UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79557598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+and+biodegradation+kinetics+protocol+for+organic+pollutant+compounds+to+achieve+environmentally+acceptable+endpoints+during+bioremediation.&rft.au=Tabak%2C+H+H%3BGovind%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tabak&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-11-21&rft.volume=829&rft.issue=&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pilot study of free and conjugated urinary mutagenicity during consumption of pan-fried meats: Possible modulation by cruciferous vegetables, glutathione S-transferase-M1, and N-acetyltransferase-2 AN - 16222692; 4211868 AB - Epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that consumption of fried meats in conjunction with certain genotypes of phase I and II metabolism genes poses an elevated risk for colorectal cancer. Parallel to this, the consumption of cruciferous vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer. Therefore, we designed a 6-week pilot feeding study to evaluate the effect of these variables on urinary mutagenicity, which is a biomarker associated with fried-meat consumption. Eight subjects were fed fried meats daily for six weeks; four ate cruciferous vegetables, and four ate non-cruciferous vegetables. Urinary mutagenicity was evaluated in the presence of S9 in strain YG1024 of Salmonella, which is a frameshift strain that overproduces acetyltransferase. C18/methanol extracts of 24-h urines collected once each week were tested unhydrolyzed (free mutagenicity) and hydrolyzed (total mutagenicity); the difference between the two was the conjugated mutagenicity. Although not significant, the levels of conjugated urinary mutagenicity doubled among crucifera consumers and decreased to 30% of the initial levels among non-crucifera consumers, suggesting the possibility that crucifera may enhance the level of conjugated urinary mutagenicity resulting from consumption of fried meats. Such an effect would be consistent with the documented ability of cruciferous vegetables to induce phase II enzymes. The NAT2 rapid phenotype was significantly associated with similar to 2-fold increases in conjugated (p=0.05) and total (p=0.004) urinary mutagenicity relative to NAT2 slow subjects, consistent with the elevated risk confirmed by the NAT2 rapid phenotype for colorectal cancer among meat consumers. An similar to 2-fold increase in urinary mutagenicity among the GSTM1- subjects relative to the GSTM1+ subjects approached significance for free (p=0.18) and total (p=0.13) urinary mutagenicity. This is the first report on (a) the mutagenicity of hydrolyzed urine, which was consistently more mutagenic than unhydrolyzed urine; (b) the potential enhancement of conjugated urinary mutagenicity by crucifera; and (c) the association of the rapid NAT2 and possibly the GSTM1- phenotype with elevated levels of fried meat-associated urinary mutagenicity. JF - Mutation Research AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Hastings, S B AU - Brooks, L R AU - Eischen, B T AU - Bell, DA AU - Watson, MA AU - Felton, J S AU - Sandler, R AU - Kohlmeier, L AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA, demarini.david@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1997/11/19/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 19 SP - 83 EP - 96 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 381 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Crucifera KW - acetyltransferase KW - cruciferous vegetables KW - pan-fried meats KW - urine KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16222692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Pilot+study+of+free+and+conjugated+urinary+mutagenicity+during+consumption+of+pan-fried+meats%3A+Possible+modulation+by+cruciferous+vegetables%2C+glutathione+S-transferase-M1%2C+and+N-acetyltransferase-2&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BHastings%2C+S+B%3BBrooks%2C+L+R%3BEischen%2C+B+T%3BBell%2C+DA%3BWatson%2C+MA%3BFelton%2C+J+S%3BSandler%2C+R%3BKohlmeier%2C+L&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-11-19&rft.volume=381&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive effects of elevated CO sub(2) and O sub(3) on rice and flacca tomato AN - 16278170; 4262015 AB - Atmospheric concentrations of both carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) and ozone (O sub(3)) are increasing, with potentially dramatic effects on plants. This study was conducted to determine interactive effects of CO sub(2) and O sub(3) on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR 74) and a 'wilty' mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. flacca). Plants were grown from seed in a glasshouse and exposed for 28 days to ambient or elevated CO sub(2) ( approximately 400 or 700 mu l l super(-1) CO sub(2)) and/or ambient or elevated O sub(3) (peak/valley pattern of exposure with cumulative totals of approximately 1 or 44 mu l l super(-1) h). Elevated CO sub(2) alleviated O sub(3)-associated decreases in allocation of biomass to roots, as indicated by a decreased root:shoot ratio (p < 0.05), and also reduced injury from O sub(3) as indicated by leaf greenness readings for one experiment (p < 0.05). By itself, elevated CO sub(2) resulted in increases in total plant and individual organ (root, leaf, stem) dry weights and root:shoot ratio; and elevated O sub(3) resulted in increases in main culm leaf number and a decrease in stem dry weight (p < 0.05). Elevated CO sub(2) had no significant effect on the tendency for O sub(3)-induced biomass reductions of flacca tomato. For flacca, elevated CO sub(2) alone increased shoot and root biomass (p < 0.05), and elevated O sub(3) alone tended to decrease biomass for both parameters, but only at p = 0.09 and 0.11, respectively. This study was preliminary, as the environmental conditions in these experiments may have altered O sub(3) and CO sub(2) responses of the plants. However, these results provided additional evidence that elevated CO sub(2) inhibits adverse effects of O sub(3) on plants, and that the interactive response may be mediated by stomata. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Olszyk, D M AU - Wise, C AD - U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA, daveo@mail.cor.epa.gov Y1 - 1997/11/17/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 17 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16278170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Interactive+effects+of+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+O+sub%283%29+on+rice+and+flacca+tomato&rft.au=Olszyk%2C+D+M%3BWise%2C+C&rft.aulast=Olszyk&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-11-17&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dosing vehicle on the developmental toxicity of bromodichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride in rats. AN - 79467930; 9398485 AB - Several halocarbons have been shown to cause full-litter resorption (FLR) in Fischer-344 rats when administered orally in corn oil. Since halocarbons often occur as contaminants of drinking water, we sought to determine the influence of the vehicle, aqueous versus lipid, on the developmental toxicity of two of these agents. In separate assays, bromodichloromethane (BDCM) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were administered by gavage to Fischer-344 rats on gestation days (GD) 6-15 at 0, 25, 50, or 75 mg/kg/day in either corn oil or an aqueous vehicle containing 10% Emulphor EL-620. Dams were allowed to deliver and the litters were examined postnatally. Uteri of females that did not deliver were stained with 10% ammonium sulfide to detect FLR. Effects of both agents on maternal weight gain were slightly more pronounced in the aqueous vehicle at lower doses, but at the highest dose, CCl4 was more maternally toxic in corn oil. Developmentally, both agents caused FLR at 50 and 75 mg/kg in both vehicles. At 75 mg/kg, dams receiving corn oil had significantly higher rates of FLR (83% for BDCM, 67% for CCl4) compared to their aqueous-vehicle counterparts (21% for BDCM, 8% for CCl4). Blood concentrations of BDCM following GD-6 gavage revealed a shorter elimination half-life in the aqueous dosing vehicle (2.7 h) compared to the oil vehicle (3.6 h). Benchmark doses of CCl4 were similar for the oil (18.9 mg/kg) and aqueous (14.0 mg/kg) vehicles. For BDCM, the corn oil vehicle yielded a less conservative (i.e., higher) value (39.3 mg/kg) than the aqueous vehicle (11.3 mg/kg), reflecting different confidence intervals around the estimated 5%-effect dose levels. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Narotsky, M G AU - Pegram, R A AU - Kavlock, R J AD - Reproductive Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. narotsky.michael@epamail.epa.gov Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 30 EP - 36 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated KW - 0 KW - Pharmaceutical Vehicles KW - Teratogens KW - Trihalomethanes KW - bromodichloromethane KW - 7LN464CH2O KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Fetal Resorption -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- blood KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- administration & dosage KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- administration & dosage KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- blood KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79467930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dosing+vehicle+on+the+developmental+toxicity+of+bromodichloromethane+and+carbon+tetrachloride+in+rats.&rft.au=Narotsky%2C+M+G%3BPegram%2C+R+A%3BKavlock%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Narotsky&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical issues in the use and analysis of the Lanthony Desaturate Color Vision test. AN - 79453474; 9392781 AB - The Lanthony Desaturate Color Vision test (D-15d) has been used to demonstrate the incidence of acquired color vision defects resulting from toxic exposure. The D-15d is a sensitive test designed to grade color deficiencies, but results can be difficult to interpret beyond the qualitative level, and the high incidence of errors reported for controls in some toxicology studies raises questions about how to effectively use this test. This article reviews standard administration of the test, physical determinants of performance, classification of acquired color vision defects, and methods of analysis that have been used to quantify results. The basis for a new method of analysis is discussed, illustrating the source of some characteristic errors, and recommendations are made for test protocols to attempt to more closely identify the type of color vision loss with the goal of identifying the site of toxicological insult. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Geller, A M AU - Hudnell, H K AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. geller.andrew@epamail.epa.gov PY - 1997 SP - 455 EP - 465 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Color Perception Tests KW - Color Perception -- physiology KW - Color Perception -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79453474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Critical+issues+in+the+use+and+analysis+of+the+Lanthony+Desaturate+Color+Vision+test.&rft.au=Geller%2C+A+M%3BHudnell%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Geller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro methylation of inorganic arsenic in mouse intestinal cecum. AN - 79394315; 9356312 AB - The capacity of mouse intestinal cecal microflora to methylate inorganic arsenicals (iAs) was examined in vitro under conditions of restricted bacterial growth. Cecal contents incubated under anaerobic conditions at 37 degrees C for 21 hr methylated up to 40% of either 0.1 microM arsenite (iAsIII) or 0.1 microM arsenate (iAsV). Methylarsenic (MAs) was the predominant metabolite; however, about 3% of either substrate was converted to dimethylarsenic (DMAs). Over the first 6 hr, the rate of methylation was several times greater for iAsIII than for iAsV. There was a 3-hr delay in the production of methylated metabolites from iAsV, suggesting that reduction of iAsV to iAsIII before methylation could be rate limiting. Over the concentration range of 0.1 to 10 microM of iAsIII or iAsV, there was an approximately linear increase in the production of MAs and DMAs. There was evidence of saturation or inhibition of methylation at 100 microM of either substrate. Substrate concentration had little effect on MAs/DMAs ratio. Incubation of cecal contents at 0 degrees C abolished methylation of either arsenical. Under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, cecal tissue homogenates produced little MAs or DMAs from either arsenical. Addition of potential methyl group donors, L-methionine and methylcobalamin, into cecal contents significantly increased the rate of methylation, especially for iAsV. Addition of glutathione, but not L-cysteine, had a similar effect. Selenite, a recognized inhibitor of iAs methylation in mammalian tissues, inhibited methylation of either substrate by cecal contents. These data suggest that cecal microflora are a high capacity methylation system that might contribute significantly to methylation of iAs in intact animals. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Hall, L L AU - George, S E AU - Kohan, M J AU - Styblo, M AU - Thomas, D J AD - Experimental Toxicology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 101 EP - 109 VL - 147 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Arsenicals KW - 0 KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - mecobalamin KW - BR1SN1JS2W KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Sodium Selenite KW - HIW548RQ3W KW - Vitamin B 12 KW - P6YC3EG204 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Vitamin B 12 -- chemistry KW - Arsenic Poisoning KW - Vitamin B 12 -- analogs & derivatives KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Sodium Selenite -- pharmacology KW - Methylation -- drug effects KW - Glutathione -- chemistry KW - Mice KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Methionine -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Arsenicals -- chemistry KW - Cecum -- microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Arsenicals -- metabolism KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Cecum -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79394315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+methylation+of+inorganic+arsenic+in+mouse+intestinal+cecum.&rft.au=Hall%2C+L+L%3BGeorge%2C+S+E%3BKohan%2C+M+J%3BStyblo%2C+M%3BThomas%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding of arsenicals to proteins in an in vitro methylation system AN - 16333834; 4265832 AB - The dynamics of interactions between rat liver cytosolic proteins and arsenicals were examined in an in vitro methylation system that contained cytosol, glutathione, S-adenosylmethionine, and 1 mu M [ super(73)As]arsenite. After incubation at 37 degree C for up to 90 min, low-molecular-weight components of the assay system (<10 kDa) were removed by ultrafiltration and cytosolic proteins were separated by size-exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 gel. Five super(73)As-labeled protein peaks were found in chromatographic profiles. The estimated molecular masses of super(73)As-labeled proteins eluting in the three earliest peaks were as follows: V sub(o), greater than or equal to 1000 kDa; A, 135 kDa; and B, 38 kDa. Peak C eluted immediately before the total volume (V sub(T)) of the chromatographic column; peak D eluted after the V sub(T). super(73)As bound to proteins was released by CuCl treatment and speciated by thin-layer chromatography. Amounts and ratios of inorganic As, methyl As, and dimethyl As associated with cytosolic proteins depended upon the incubation interval. Inorganic As was present in all protein peaks. Methyl As was primarily associated with peaks A and C; dimethyl As was associated with peaks B and C. To examine the effect of valence on the binding of methylarsenicals to cytosolic proteins, trivalent or pentavalent super(14)C-labeled methyl As or dimethyl As was incubated in an in vitro system designed to minimize the enzymatically catalyzed production of methylated arsenicals. Proteins in peaks A, B, and C bound preferentially trivalent methyl and dimethyl As. Peak D bound either trivalent or pentavalent methyl and dimethyl As. Protein-bound inorganic and methyl As were substrates for the production of dimethyl As in an in vitro methylation system, suggesting a role for protein-bound arsenicals in the biomethylation of this metalloid. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Styblo, M AU - Thomas, D J AD - Pharmacokinetics Branch, MD-74, ETD, NHEERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 147 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - adenosylmethionine KW - arsenic KW - arsenite KW - glutathione KW - in vitro KW - liver KW - methylation KW - proteins KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16333834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Binding+of+arsenicals+to+proteins+in+an+in+vitro+methylation+system&rft.au=Styblo%2C+M%3BThomas%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Styblo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER -