TY - JOUR T1 - Comments on recent data for particle deposition in human nasal passages. AN - 745661699; 6299 AB - The deposition of inhaled particles within human nasal passages has important toxicologic and pharmacologic applications. However, experimental data quantitating factors affecting ultrafine particle deposition in the nose are rare. We have evaluated findings from investigations employing either replica nasopharyngeal (NP) casts or surrogate model airways and compared them to each other and to human subject results. For ultrafine particles, studies using casts and models are incompatible, measured deposition values from the latter being lower by an entire order of magnitude. Possible sources of discrepancies between the data are suggested herein. Studies with diverse nasal replicates, however, have yielded consistent deposition data over a wide particle size range, about 0.005-7 mu m. Cast experiments underestimate, but in a systematic manner, in vivo information over a 0.5-3 mu m interval. It is recommended that NP replica cast data be used to simulate human passages. For extrapolation modeling purposes, an original empirical formula based upon a logistic theory is derived which describes deposition over a particle size range of three orders of magnitude. JF - Journal of Aerosol Science AU - Martonen, T B AU - Zhang, Z AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 667 EP - 674 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8502, 0021-8502 KW - Biomedical engineering KW - Human Nasal Passages KW - Nasopharyngeal (NP) Casts KW - Respiratory mechanics KW - Surrogate Model Airways KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Deposition KW - Models KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W4 461.3:BIOMECHANICS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745661699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aerosol+Science&rft.atitle=Comments+on+recent+data+for+particle+deposition+in+human+nasal+passages.&rft.au=Martonen%2C+T+B%3BZhang%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Martonen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aerosol+Science&rft.issn=00218502&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Deposition; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The differential hepatotoxicity and cytochrome P450 responses of Fischer-344 rats to the three isomers of dichlorobenzene. AN - 73488935; 1293313 AB - The acute hepatotoxicity and response of hepatic cytochrome P450 to treatment with the three isomers of dichlorobenzene (DCB) have been investigated. The objectives were to estimate the onset of toxicity and to further elucidate the role of cytochrome P450 in the metabolism and toxicity of these compounds. In a study design employing one animal per dose level, Fischer-344 rats were gavaged with up to 25 different dosages, then evaluated 24 h later. Hepatic necrosis, serum alanine aminotransferase, and serum aspartate aminotransferase exhibited similar patterns demonstrating that ortho-DCB (o-DCB) was the most toxic in terms of both earliest onset and degree of response at higher dosages. For these three endpoints, meta-DCB (m-DCB) exhibited a lesser toxicity. Para-DCB (p-DCB) did not cause changes in these three endpoints, but hepatic degenerative changes were found. Total hepatic cytochrome P450 responses were also different after treatment with each isomer. The o-DCB produced a dose-dependent decrease in P450 beginning at dosages lower than the onset of necrosis and appeared to be a suicide substrate for P450. The m-DCB treatment increased P450 at dosages below the onset of necrosis and decreased P450 at higher dosages, with the decline preceding the onset of hepatocyte death. Treatment with p-DCB increased P450 beginning at 380 mg/kg. The combination of toxicity and P450 profiles has provided a framework for interpreting literature data on the metabolism and toxicity of the DCBs in rats. It is also noteworthy that o-DCB and p-DCB were administered at dosages several times the oral rat LD-50 (RTECS) without any lethality. JF - Journal of biochemical toxicology AU - Allis, J W AU - Simmons, J E AU - House, D E AU - Robinson, B L AU - Berman, E AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 257 EP - 264 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0887-2082, 0887-2082 KW - Chlorobenzenes KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- drug effects KW - Liver Diseases -- enzymology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Necrosis -- chemically induced KW - Liver Diseases -- pathology KW - Isomerism KW - Alanine Transaminase -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chlorobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73488935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biochemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=The+differential+hepatotoxicity+and+cytochrome+P450+responses+of+Fischer-344+rats+to+the+three+isomers+of+dichlorobenzene.&rft.au=Allis%2C+J+W%3BSimmons%2C+J+E%3BHouse%2C+D+E%3BRobinson%2C+B+L%3BBerman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Allis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biochemical+toxicology&rft.issn=08872082&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carl Paxson Sherwin, American pioneer in drug metabolism. AN - 73417861; 1289036 JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Di Carlo, F J AU - Adams, J D AU - Adams, N AD - Health and Environmental Review Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 493 EP - 530 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Sherwin KW - United States KW - Biochemistry -- history KW - History, 20th Century KW - Toxicology -- history KW - History, 19th Century KW - Chemistry -- history KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- metabolism KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73417861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Carl+Paxson+Sherwin%2C+American+pioneer+in+drug+metabolism.&rft.au=Di+Carlo%2C+F+J%3BAdams%2C+J+D%3BAdams%2C+N&rft.aulast=Di+Carlo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - People - Sherwin N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sherwin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Corticosterone hypersecretion in preweanling rats exposed neonatally to trimethyltin. AN - 73310348; 1436758 AB - Developmental neurotoxicity may be influenced by effects of a compound on endocrine function. Here we report that developmental exposure to TMT increases the corticosterone (CS) response to stress in developing rat pups. Long-Evans rat pups were injected i.p. with either 6 mg/kg TMT hydroxide (in 10 microliters/g BW NaCl) or vehicle on Postnatal Day 5 (PND5) or 10 and were then tested for their CS response to restraint stress on PND12, 16, or 20. In the stress test, pups were maternally deprived in individual compartments of an incubator for 24 hr, and then blood sampled by decapitation either immediately (basal), or 30, 60 or 90 min after the onset of a 15-min period of restraint in a wire-mesh holder. Regardless of TMT exposure or age of testing, this procedure produced a peak in plasma CS at 30 min which then recovered to basal levels by 90 min. TMT exposure on PND5 (Experiment 1) resulted in CS hypersecretion relative to vehicle-injected controls on PND12 and 16 but not PND20. TMT exposure on PND10 (Experiment 2) had no effect at PND12 but elevated CS over vehicle controls at PND16 and 20. PND15 exposure to TMT resulted in CS hypersecretion in pups tested on PND20. Neonatal organotin exposure appears to alter CS secretion in a manner that is influenced by age of exposure and age of testing. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Stanton, M E AU - Coussons, M E AU - Kuhn, C M AD - Neurotoxicology Division (MD-74B), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 421 EP - 428 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - 0 KW - Corticosterone KW - W980KJ009P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Suckling KW - Animals KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Corticosterone -- secretion KW - Stress, Physiological -- pathology KW - Animals, Newborn -- growth & development KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Stress, Physiological -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73310348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+three+artificial+sea+salts+to+maintain+fertile+sea+urchins+%28Arbacia+punctulata%29+and+to+conduct+fertilization+tests+with+copper+and+sodium+dodecyl+sulphate&rft.au=Neiheisel%2C+T+W%3BYoung%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Neiheisel&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ninety-day toxicity study of chloral hydrate in the Sprague-Dawley rat. AN - 73283770; 1425361 AB - Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered drinking water containing 300, 600, 1200, or 2400 mg/L chloral hydrate for 90 days. A control group received distilled water only. No animals died during the study and no differences were observed in body weight gain or food and water consumption, except for males at the highest-dose level. Minor treatment-related effects were observed for organ weights and hematological parameters and these did not appear to be of toxicological significance. Some indications of toxicity were evident in the 2400 mg/L male group (equivalent to 168 mg/kg-day) including a significant decrease in food and water consumption and in weight gain. In addition, histopathological examination of these animals revealed an apparent increase in the incidence of focal hepatocellular necrosis. Increases in AST, ALT, and LDH, which occurred at several dose levels in males, but particularly at 200 mg/L, are consistent with the hepatocellular necrosis of minimal to mild severity diagnosed by microscopic examination. These liver changes, except for sporadic enzyme changes, were not seen in the female rats which actually consumed higher doses of chloral hydrate (e.g., 288 mg/kg-day at 2400 mg/L). On the basis of the mild liver toxicity (histopathological and clinical) observed in males at the highest doses (168 mg/kg-day), the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for oral exposure of rats to chloral hydrate for 90 days is considered to be 96 mg/kg-day (600 mg/L). JF - Drug and chemical toxicology AU - Daniel, F B AU - Robinson, M AU - Stober, J A AU - Page, N P AU - Olson, G R AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 217 EP - 232 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0148-0545, 0148-0545 KW - Phosphates KW - 0 KW - Chloral Hydrate KW - 418M5916WG KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Phosphates -- blood KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Erythrocyte Indices -- drug effects KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Creatinine -- blood KW - Rats KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Necrosis KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chloral Hydrate -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73283770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Ninety-day+toxicity+study+of+chloral+hydrate+in+the+Sprague-Dawley+rat.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BStober%2C+J+A%3BPage%2C+N+P%3BOlson%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of screening approaches. AN - 73153710; 1508408 AB - Neurobehavioral techniques have been used extensively in animal toxicology studies because, in many cases, such procedures are designed to evaluate neurobiological functions thought to be affected in chemical-exposed humans, e.g., changes in sensorimotor function. Procedures used to identify or screen for the presence of neurotoxicity are usually designed to test large numbers of animals and are not considered to be as sensitive to subtle effects as more specialized tests for neurobiological dysfunction. For purposes of screening, the use of a functional observational battery (FOB) is now generally accepted. In general, FOB evaluations in animals are similar to clinical neurological examinations in humans in that they rate the presence and, in some cases, the severity of behavioral and neurological signs. A number of batteries containing different observations and measurements have been developed in several laboratories for rodents, dogs, and non-human primates. Frequently, the FOB is used in conjunction with other measures of neurotoxicity, i.e., neuropathology or sensory evoked potentials. FOB used in screening typically assess several neurobiological domains including neuromuscular (i.e., weakness, incoordination, abnormal movements, gait, motor seizures, myoclonia, rigidity and tremor), sensory (i.e., auditory, visual and somatosensory) and autonomic (i.e., pupil response, salivation) functions. Most FOB used for screening do not assess cognitive function (i.e., learning and memory). FOB evaluations can yield important information concerning dose-response characteristics and data on the onset, duration and persistence of an effect. FOB should be able to differentiate neurotoxicants from non-neurotoxicants and neurotoxicants having different mechanism(s) or site(s) of action. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Tilson, H A AU - Moser, V C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 13 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Neuropsychological Tests -- methods KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Mass Screening -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73153710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+screening+approaches.&rft.au=Tilson%2C+H+A%3BMoser%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Tilson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and the cupric silver degeneration reaction can be used as sensitive and early indicators of neurotoxicity. AN - 73146009; 1508411 AB - The mammalian central nervous system is composed of a large and diverse array of its two principle cell types, neurons and glia. Given this extreme cellular heterogeneity, it is not surprising that targets of neurotoxic insult often are diverse and unpredictable. In devising strategies to assess neurotoxicity, one must overcome the obstacle posed by not knowing where to look for damage. Our approach to the detection and localization of sites of toxicant-induced damage has been to take advantage of two general responses to nervous system insult, astrogliosis and argyrophilia. Assays for GFAP, the principle intermediate filament protein of astrocytes, have been devised to quantify astrogliosis and a modified cupric silver degeneration stain has been employed to examine patterns of argyrophilia. Using these methods, we found that increases in GFAP and the occurrence of argyrophilia are consistent responses to neurotoxic insults. Moreover, increments in these two indicators reveal dose-, time- and region-dependent patterns of neurotoxicity at toxicant dosages below those that cause light microscopic evidence of cell loss or damage. The rapid onset of astrogliosis and argyrophilia following specific toxicant exposures suggests that the signals underlying these events are among the earliest that can be linked to the neurotoxic state. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Jensen, K F AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 113 EP - 122 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - trimethyltin KW - 1631-73-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Nerve Degeneration -- drug effects KW - MPTP Poisoning KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- analysis KW - Silver Staining -- methods KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73146009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+expression+of+glial+fibrillary+acidic+protein+and+the+cupric+silver+degeneration+reaction+can+be+used+as+sensitive+and+early+indicators+of+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BJensen%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory developmental neurotoxicity and human risk assessment. AN - 73145446; 1508435 AB - A number of efforts, in the last 15 years, have been directed at developing protocols to assess the potential developmental neurotoxicity (DN) of test agents. Japan and the United Kingdom have general protocols that describe the behavioral parameters that should be evaluated as part of other types of testing protocols, such as standard developmental and/or reproductive toxicity studies. In 1986, EPA published a proposed separate guideline for the testing of glycol ethers. Since then, this protocol has undergone extensive review and comment by an agency-wide workgroup, participants of a workshop sponsored by EPA and NIDA, EPA's Scientific Advisory Panel, and the public. Comments were taken into consideration and the final DN testing protocol has been published recently by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs. This protocol provides specific guidance on issues of study design, aspects of CNS function to be evaluated and criteria for selection of testing procedures. It is designed to be a "generic" protocol could be applied to testing of pesticides and other chemicals and that could be modified on a case-by-case basis depending on the data available on a specific agent of concern. With the development of testing protocols for assessing DN, there comes a need for the development of guidance as to how the data should be interpreted and applied toward conducting a risk assessment for extrapolation to humans. Some guidance was developed at the EPA-NIDA Workshop. EPA has published specific risk assessment guidelines in the area of developmental toxicity that include a section on interpretation of data on functional deficits, including DN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Francis, E Z AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 77 EP - 84 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Nervous System -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73145446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+developmental+neurotoxicity+and+human+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Francis%2C+E+Z&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro screening batteries for neurotoxicants. AN - 73144981; 1508418 AB - The need to develop, validate and utilize in vitro models to test chemicals for neurotoxic potential is widely appreciated. This lecture discusses the major advantages of using cell and tissue culture, the various in vitro models amenable for neurotoxicity studies, and the distinction between mechanistic and screening models. Considerations for designing screening batteries to evaluate neurotoxicants are discussed. Topics such as choice of appropriate cell models and endpoints (i.e., cytotoxic and neurotoxic), and technical considerations in the design of the battery are also presented. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Veronesi, B AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratories, RTP, North Carolina. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 185 EP - 195 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Models, Neurological KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Cell Line KW - Nervous System -- cytology KW - Nervous System -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73144981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+screening+batteries+for+neurotoxicants.&rft.au=Veronesi%2C+B&rft.aulast=Veronesi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure assessment as applied to risk characterization. A summary report of work group IV. AN - 73125024; 1504633 JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Blancato, J AU - Hulebak, K AD - U.S. EPA-EMSL-Las Vegas. PY - 1992 SP - 151 EP - 153 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Gasoline KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Gasoline -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73125024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Exposure+assessment+as+applied+to+risk+characterization.+A+summary+report+of+work+group+IV.&rft.au=Blancato%2C+J%3BHulebak%2C+K&rft.aulast=Blancato&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of bacterial standards and disinfection practices used for the assessment and treatment of stormwater. AN - 73110134; 1642157 JF - Advances in applied microbiology AU - O'Shea, M L AU - Field, R AD - Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Edison, New Jersey 08837. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 21 EP - 40 VL - 37 SN - 0065-2164, 0065-2164 KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Disinfection KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Rain KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73110134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+bacterial+standards+and+disinfection+practices+used+for+the+assessment+and+treatment+of+stormwater.&rft.au=O%27Shea%2C+M+L%3BField%2C+R&rft.aulast=O%27Shea&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=00652164&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of mutations induced by the intercalating agent ellipticine at the hisD3052 allele of Salmonella typhimurium TA98. AN - 73074486; 1639078 AB - We have used DNA colony hybridization, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and direct DNA sequencing to determine the mutations induced by the intercalating agent ellipticine in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the presence of S9. Of 400 ellipticine-induced revertants that were selected at a mutant yield that was ninefold over the background, 85.5% contained a GC or CG deletion within a common CGCGCGCG hotspot; this deletion occurred among 47% of the spontaneous revertants. In addition to this hotspot, the ellipticine spectrum contained two deletion warmspots that reside opposite each other in looped-out regions of a possible DNA secondary structure. Ellipticine and its metabolites likely revert Salmonella strain TA98 by forming DNA adducts that promote slippage-mismatches and by stabilizing these slipped mismatched sequences via intercalation. The involvement of these mechanisms, along with a likely role for DNA secondary structures and a possible role for DNA gyrase, may account for the site specificity exhibited by ellipticine in strain TA98. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Abu-Shakra, A AU - Gupta, R AU - Hendee, L J AU - Levine, J G AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 12 EP - 18 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - hisD KW - Ellipticines KW - 0 KW - Free Radicals KW - Intercalating Agents KW - ellipticine KW - 117VLW7484 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Intercalating Agents -- toxicity KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Ellipticines -- toxicity KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Ellipticines -- chemistry KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73074486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+mutations+induced+by+the+intercalating+agent+ellipticine+at+the+hisD3052+allele+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+TA98.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BAbu-Shakra%2C+A%3BGupta%2C+R%3BHendee%2C+L+J%3BLevine%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-28 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - hisD N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosensors for environmental monitoring. AN - 73058600; 1632945 AB - In this article we will outline several biosensor applications which may fill existing technology gaps in the area of environmental monitoring. The requirements for these environmental biosensors, as well as difficulties in commercialization, are also addressed. JF - Biosensors & bioelectronics AU - Rogers, K R AU - Lin, J N AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 317 EP - 321 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - Index Medicus KW - Commerce KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Biosensing Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73058600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.atitle=Biosensors+for+environmental+monitoring.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+K+R%3BLin%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-21 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deposition patterns of cigarette smoke in human airways. AN - 72958020; 1590221 AB - Experimental deposition patterns of cigarette smoke in surrogate human airway systems are very heterogeneous. Particle deposits are enhanced at predictable, well-defined morphological regions; most specifically, carinal ridges within bifurcation zones and along posterior sections of tubular airways. The efficiency of the mucociliary transport mechanism in vivo is also reduced at airway branchings. The geometrical sites of preferential particle deposition and impaired clearance can be correlated with clinically observed anatomical sites exhibiting increased incidences of bronchogenic carcinomas. These locations are not compatible with current theoretical models simulating only the usual particle deposition processes of inertial impaction, sedimentation, and diffusion, while intending to account for particle hygroscopicity. Moreover, data from human subject exposures indicate that heretofore unknown factors affect the distribution of inhaled cigarette smoke. Herein, a new mathematical model is presented that explains cigarette smoke deposition patterns, including bifurcation "hot spots," in terms of composition and cumulative density. The behavior of mainstream cigarette smoke can be related to physicochemical parameters of its particulate and vapor-gas phases and is a result of two distinct effects: (1) particle cloud motion and (2) vapor-gas behavior. In lung airways, Effect 1 is the most prominent. The high particle number,ns approximately equal to 3 x 10(9) cm-3, and mass,rho s approximately equal to 10(-4) g cm-3, concentrations of smoke dictate that a bolus of it has kinetic properties of an entity (Effect 1 above), independent of the aerodynamic size characteristics of individual constituent particles. This motion may be exacerbated by the bulk movement (Effect 2 above) of the vapor-gas phase density of smoke. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Martonen, T B AD - Environmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 6 EP - 18 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Smoke KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Physical Phenomena KW - Physics KW - Gravitation KW - Viscosity KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Tobacco KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Diffusion KW - Mucociliary Clearance KW - Trachea -- chemistry KW - Bronchi -- chemistry KW - Smoke -- analysis KW - Bronchi -- physiology KW - Trachea -- physiology KW - Models, Anatomic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72958020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Deposition+patterns+of+cigarette+smoke+in+human+airways.&rft.au=Martonen%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Martonen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of high volume particle sampling and sample handling protocols for ambient urban air mutagenicity determinations. AN - 72916756; 1575968 AB - An investigation of high volume particle sampling and sample handling procedures was undertaken to evaluate variations of protocols being used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. These protocols are used in urban ambient air studies which collect ambient and source samples for subsequent mutagenicity analysis of the organic extracts of the aerosol fraction. Specific protocol issues investigated include: (a) duration of sampling period, (b) type of filter media used to collect air particles, (c) necessity for cryogenic field site storage and dry ice shipping of filter samples, and (d) sample handling at the receiving laboratory. Six PM10 Hi-Vol samplers were collocated at an urban site in downtown Durham, North Carolina and operated simultaneously to evaluate 12 h versus 24 h collection periods and filter media choices of glass fiber, Teflon impregnated glass fiber (TIGF), and quartz fiber. Filters from the samplers plus field blanks were collected during each of 25 sampling periods. TIGF filters from two samplers were immediately placed on dry ice in the field and transported directly to cryogenic storage. TIGF, quartz, and glass fiber filters from three samplers were transported at ambient and maintained at room temperature for three to six days prior to cryogenic storage. One TIGF sample, which was collected on a previously tared filter, was subjected to controlled environment equilibration (40 percent relative humidity, 22 degrees C) for 8 to 24 h and weighed prior to cryogenic storage. All filters were subsequently stored at -70 degrees C to -80 degrees C prior to a one-time extraction and Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity bioassay of the entire sample set.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Watts, R R AU - Hoffman, A J AU - Wilkins, M C AU - House, D E AU - Burton, R M AU - Brooks, L R AU - Warren, S H AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 49 EP - 55 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72916756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+high+volume+particle+sampling+and+sample+handling+protocols+for+ambient+urban+air+mutagenicity+determinations.&rft.au=Watts%2C+R+R%3BHoffman%2C+A+J%3BWilkins%2C+M+C%3BHouse%2C+D+E%3BBurton%2C+R+M%3BBrooks%2C+L+R%3BWarren%2C+S+H&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interspecies cytogenetic comparisons: studies with X-radiation and bleomycin sulfate. AN - 72913594; 1374025 AB - A series of in vitro experiments were conducted to determine if there are innate differences in the sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from different mammalian species to clastogens. Mouse, rat, and human whole blood samples were exposed to either 0, 0.38, 0.75, 1.5, or 3.0 Gy x-radiation or 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 micrograms/ml bleomycin for 4 hr. Bromodeoxyuridine-containing cultures were initiated and the PBLs stimulated to divide with phytohemagglutinin. All cultures were harvested following a 3-hr colcemid treatment. Slides were made and differentially stained, and first-division metaphases were scored for chromosome aberrations. In the x-radiation studies human PBLs were significantly more sensitive than mouse PBLs which were in turn more sensitive than rat PBLs as measured by either the total percent aberrant cells or the number of dicentrics. Data from all three species could be fitted to a linear-quadratic model. Results with bleomycin suggest that the mouse and human PBLs are equally sensitive to the clastogenic effects of bleomycin. Both appeared to be more sensitive than the rat PBLs, but the variation between experiments was such that the results among species were not significantly different. These results indicate that there may be inherent differences in sensitivity among PBLs of mammalian species; however, more studies are needed to determine if the differences presented here hold for other agents. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Kligerman, A D AU - Bryant, M F AU - Doerr, C L AU - Halperin, E C AU - Kwanyuen, P AU - Sontag, M R AU - Erexson, G L AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 235 EP - 243 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Lymphocytes -- radiation effects KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72913594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Interspecies+cytogenetic+comparisons%3A+studies+with+X-radiation+and+bleomycin+sulfate.&rft.au=Kligerman%2C+A+D%3BBryant%2C+M+F%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BHalperin%2C+E+C%3BKwanyuen%2C+P%3BSontag%2C+M+R%3BErexson%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Kligerman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical review: the health significance of environmental odor pollution. AN - 72826739; 1540008 AB - Environmental odor pollution problems generate a significant fraction of the publicly initiated complaints received by air pollution control districts. Such complaints can trigger a variety of enforcement activities under existing state and local statutes. However, because of the frequently transient timing of exposures, odor sources often elude successful abatement. Furthermore, because of the predominantly subjective nature of associated health complaints, air pollution control authorities may predicate their enforcement activities upon a judgment of the public health impact of the odor source. Noxious environmental odors may trigger symptoms by a variety of physiologic mechanisms, including exacerbation of underlying medical conditions, innate odor aversions, aversive conditioning phenomena, stress-induced illness, and possible pheromonal reactions. Whereas relatively consistent patterns of subjective symptoms have been reported among individuals who live near environmental odor sources, documentation of objective correlates to such symptoms would require as-yet unproven research tools. Therefore, given our current state of knowledge, any differential regulatory response to environmental odor pollution, which is based upon the distinction between community "annoyance reactions" and "health effects," is a matter of legal--not scientific--interpretation. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Shusterman, D AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Air Toxicology and Epidemiology Section, Berkeley, California. PY - 1992 SP - 76 EP - 87 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Perception KW - Humans KW - Smell -- physiology KW - Respiratory Physiological Phenomena KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Odorants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72826739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Critical+review%3A+the+health+significance+of+environmental+odor+pollution.&rft.au=Shusterman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Shusterman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Arch Environ Health. 1992 Jan-Feb;47(1):88-91 [1540010] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure of humans to a volatile organic mixture. II. Sensory. AN - 72826217; 1540000 AB - Time-course functions for symptoms of the sick building syndrome were derived from 66 healthy males who, during separate sessions, were exposed to clean air and to a volatile organic compound (VOC) mixture. The mixture contained 22 VOCs (25 mg/m3 total concentration) commonly found airborne in new or recently renovated buildings. Subjects rated the intensity of perceived irritation, odor, and other variables before, and twice during, 2.75-h exposure periods. Eye and throat irritation, headache, and drowsiness increased or showed no evidence of adaptation during exposure, whereas odor intensity decreased by 30%. These results indicate that irritation intensity and other symptoms are not related in any simple way to odor intensity, which suggests that the symptoms may not be a psychosomatic response to the detection of an aversive odor. Instead, subthreshold levels of VOCs may interact additively or hyperadditively and stimulate trigeminal nerve receptors. Also, air quality ratings improved by 18% during exposure, which suggests that both odor and irritation intensity may influence assessments of air quality. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Hudnell, H K AU - Otto, D A AU - House, D E AU - Mølhave, L AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. PY - 1992 SP - 31 EP - 38 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Construction Materials -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Volatilization KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Perception KW - Sensation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72826217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Exposure+of+humans+to+a+volatile+organic+mixture.+II.+Sensory.&rft.au=Hudnell%2C+H+K%3BOtto%2C+D+A%3BHouse%2C+D+E%3BM%C3%B8lhave%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hudnell&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-30 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particulate air pollution and daily mortality in Steubenville, Ohio. AN - 72803634; 1736656 AB - Particulate air pollution has been associated with daily mortality in London, England, both in the smog episodes of the 1950s and at the lower pollution levels of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Replicating these findings in the United States has been difficult, because particulates are usually sampled every sixth day. Replication, particularly with a gravimetric measure of particulates, is important in assessing the causality of the relation. Daily measurements of total suspended particulates by high volume gravimetric sampler are available for the Steubenville, Ohio, metropolitan area. These were matched to daily mortality counts from the detail mortality tapes of the National Center for Health Statistics. Deaths of residents which occurred outside the Steubenville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area were excluded. Because of the much smaller population, the average total number of deaths per day in the Steubenville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area over the 11-year period 1974-1984 was about 1% of the deaths in a typical London winter. Despite this reduced statistical power, total suspended particulate count was significantly associated with increased daily mortality in Poisson regression analyses controlling for season and temperature. An increase in particulates of 100 micrograms/m3 was associated with a 4% increase in mortality on the succeeding day. Associations with sulfur dioxide were not significant after adjustment for particulates. The relation appeared to continue at levels well below the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Schwartz, J AU - Dockery, D W AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1992/01/01/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jan 01 SP - 12 EP - 9; discussion 20-5 VL - 135 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Population KW - United States KW - Environment KW - North America KW - Mortality KW - Americas KW - Population Dynamics KW - Developed Countries KW - Northern America KW - Causes Of Death KW - Environmental Degradation KW - Demographic Factors KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Ohio KW - Risk KW - Regression Analysis KW - Meteorological Concepts KW - Humans KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72803634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Particulate+air+pollution+and+daily+mortality+in+Steubenville%2C+Ohio.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J%3BDockery%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4-6&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geotextiles+and+Geomembranes&rft.issn=02661144&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Am J Epidemiol 1995 Jan 1;141(1):87 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results of the IPCS collaborative study on complex mixtures. AN - 72759214; 1370106 AB - The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) sponsored a collaborative study to examine the intra- and inter-laboratory variation associated with the preparation and bioassay of complex chemical mixtures. The mixtures selected were National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). 20 laboratories worldwide participated in the collaborative trial. The participating laboratories extracted the organic portion of two particulate samples--an air-particulate sample and a diesel-particulate sample--and bioassayed the extracts. The laboratories simultaneously bioassayed a NIST-prepared extract of coal tar and two control compounds (benzo[a]pyrene, and 1-nitropyrene). The bioassay method used was the Salmonella/mammalian microsome plate-incorporation test using strains TA98 and TA100. Study design also allowed for a comparison of sonication and Soxhlet extraction techniques. The mean extractable masses for the air particles and diesel particles were approximately 5% and 17.5%, respectively. The particulate samples were mutagenic in both strains with and without activation in all 20 laboratories. For TA100 the with and without activation slope values for the air particulate were 162 and 137 revertants per mg particles, respectively. For TA98 the respective diesel slope values were 268 and 269. The mutagenicity slope values for the diesel particles ranged from 3090 (TA98, +S9) to 6697 (TA100, +S9) revertants per mg particles. The coal tar solution was negative for both strains when exogenous activation was not used but was mutagenic in both strains with exogenous activation. The benzo[a]pyrene and 1-nitropyrene were used as positive controls and gave results consistent with the literature. This paper provides a complete summary of the data collected during the collaborative study. Companion papers provide further analysis and interpretation of the results. JF - Mutation research AU - Claxton, L D AU - Creason, J AU - Leroux, B AU - Agurell, E AU - Bagley, S AU - Bryant, D W AU - Courtois, Y A AU - Douglas, G AU - Clare, C B AU - Goto, S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1992 SP - 23 EP - 32 VL - 276 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - International Cooperation KW - Laboratories KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72759214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Results+of+the+IPCS+collaborative+study+on+complex+mixtures.&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BCreason%2C+J%3BLeroux%2C+B%3BAgurell%2C+E%3BBagley%2C+S%3BBryant%2C+D+W%3BCourtois%2C+Y+A%3BDouglas%2C+G%3BClare%2C+C+B%3BGoto%2C+S&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of methods for detecting ecological effects from genetically engineered microorganisms and microbial pest control agents in terrestrial systems. AN - 72751654; 14544532 AB - This report summarizes and evaluates research from several laboratories that deals with the detection of ecological effects induced through exposure of microbes or plants to genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) and microbial pest control agents (MPCAs). Some 27 potential endpoints for measuring effects have been studied. Perturbations induced by GEMs have been detected in about one-half of these endpoints. Detectable effects have been recorded for over half of the 16 species of bacteria and fungi studied. The effects caused by GEMs and MPCAs include inhibition of beneficial mycorrhizal fungi growing on Douglas fir seedling roots, depression in plant root and shoot growth, inhibition of predatory soil protozoa, accumulation of a toxic metabolite during biodegradation that inhibits soil fungi, increased microbial community respiration due to rapid lignin breakdown in soil, and the displacement of a broad group of gram-negative bacteria that inhabit the root surface of cereal crops. These effects were usually, but not always, of short duration. However, some of the changes were irreversible during the observation time of days, weeks, or in one case, months. JF - Biotechnology advances AU - Seidler, R J AD - U. S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 149 EP - 178 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0734-9750, 0734-9750 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72751654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+advances&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+methods+for+detecting+ecological+effects+from+genetically+engineered+microorganisms+and+microbial+pest+control+agents+in+terrestrial+systems.&rft.au=Seidler%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Seidler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+advances&rft.issn=07349750&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview, conclusions, and recommendations of the IPCS collaborative study on complex mixtures. AN - 72749750; 1370109 AB - The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) sponsored an international collaborative study to examine the variability associated with the extraction and bioassay of standard reference materials (SRMs) that are complex environmental mixtures provided by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The study was also intended to evaluate the feasibility of establishing bioassay reference values and ranges for the SRMs. Twenty laboratories from North America, Europe, and Japan participated in the study. As part of the mandatory core protocol, each laboratory extracted the organic material from two particulate samples and bioassayed these extracts. A coal tar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) solution and two mutagenic control compounds were also subjected to bioassay without prior extraction by the participating laboratories. The bioassay used was the Salmonella/microsomal plate incorporation assay. For the optional portion of the study, a laboratory was free to use the SRMs for any type of exploratory research. The primary purpose of the required portion of the study was to estimate the intra- and inter-laboratory variability in mutagenic potencies of the test materials and to determine whether or not the NIST mixtures could be used as reference materials by others performing the Salmonella assay. Repeatability (intra-laboratory variance) of the bioassay results ranged from 16% to 88% depending on the SRM and the bioassay conditions (tester strain and metabolic activation), whereas reproducibility (inter-laboratory variance) ranged from 33% to 152%. Between-laboratory variability was the main source of variation accounting for approximately 55-95% of the total variation for the three environmental samples. Variation in the mutagenic potency of the control compounds was comparable, with the exception of 1-nitropyrene for which the reproducibility ranged from 127% to 132%. In summary, NIST SRMs provided useful materials for an international inter-laboratory study of complex mixtures. By establishing both intra- and inter-laboratory variance for the mutagenicity results for these materials, the usefulness of these SRMs as reference materials for the Salmonella bioassay was established, critical procedures within the bioassay protocol were identified, and recommendations for future efforts were delineated. JF - Mutation research AU - Claxton, L D AU - Douglas, G AU - Krewski, D AU - Lewtas, J AU - Matsushita, H AU - Rosenkranz, H AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1992 SP - 61 EP - 80 VL - 276 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - International Cooperation KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72749750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Overview%2C+conclusions%2C+and+recommendations+of+the+IPCS+collaborative+study+on+complex+mixtures.&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BDouglas%2C+G%3BKrewski%2C+D%3BLewtas%2C+J%3BMatsushita%2C+H%3BRosenkranz%2C+H&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and implementation of a collaborative study of the mutagenicity of complex mixtures in Salmonella typhimurium. AN - 72734309; 1370107 AB - In 1987, the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S. NIST) initiated an international collaborative study of the mutagenicity of complex environmental mixtures in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium mutation assay. The objectives of this study were: (1) to estimate the inter- and intra-laboratory variability associated with the extraction of mixtures for bioassay, (2) to estimate the inter- and intra-laboratory variability associated with the Salmonella typhimurium bioassay when applied to complex mixtures, and (3) to determine whether standard reference complex mixtures would be useful in mutagenicity studies and to evaluate whether reference or certified mutagenicity values determined from this collaborative study should be reported. The complex mixtures used in this study were selected from standard reference materials (SRMs) which had previously been issued by the U.S. NIST as SRM 1597 (coal tar), SRM 1649 (diesel particulate matter) and SRM 1650 (urban air particulate matter) with certified values for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These SRM complex mixtures are available to scientists as reference standards for analytical chemistry research and are under consideration as SRMs for mutagenicity studies of complex environmental mixtures. This paper briefly describes the final study design, protocol, selection of the complex mixtures, and implementation of this international study. JF - Mutation research AU - Lewtas, J AU - Claxton, L D AU - Rosenkranz, H S AU - Schuetzle, D AU - Shelby, M AU - Matsushita, H AU - Würgler, F E AU - Zimmermann, F K AU - Löfroth, G AU - May, W E AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1992 SP - 3 EP - 9 VL - 276 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Laboratories KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Pilot Projects KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72734309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Design+and+implementation+of+a+collaborative+study+of+the+mutagenicity+of+complex+mixtures+in+Salmonella+typhimurium.&rft.au=Lewtas%2C+J%3BClaxton%2C+L+D%3BRosenkranz%2C+H+S%3BSchuetzle%2C+D%3BShelby%2C+M%3BMatsushita%2C+H%3BW%C3%BCrgler%2C+F+E%3BZimmermann%2C+F+K%3BL%C3%B6froth%2C+G%3BMay%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Lewtas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of acidity in lakes and streams of the United States AN - 52829276; 1996-048451 JF - Environmental Pollution (1987) AU - Kaufmann, Philip R AU - Herlihy, Alan T AU - Baker, Lawrence A A2 - Harriman, R. A2 - Dempster, J. P. A2 - Manning, W. J. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 115 EP - 122 PB - Elsevier, Barking VL - 77, Special issue IS - 2-3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - programs KW - sulfate ion KW - acid mine drainage KW - surface water KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - nonpoint sources KW - variations KW - classification KW - surveys KW - acidification KW - acidic composition KW - nitrate ion KW - point sources KW - deforestation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52829276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution+%281987%29&rft.atitle=Sources+of+acidity+in+lakes+and+streams+of+the+United+States&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+Philip+R%3BHerlihy%2C+Alan+T%3BBaker%2C+Lawrence+A&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=77%2C+Special+issue&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution+%281987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02697491 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International conference on Acidic deposition; its nature and impacts N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ENVPAF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; acidic composition; acidification; classification; deforestation; hydrology; nitrate ion; nonpoint sources; point sources; pollution; programs; sulfate ion; surface water; surveys; United States; variations; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictability of streamflow and particulate organic matter concentration as indicators of stability in prairie streams AN - 52091087; 2002-054684 AB - Predictability of stream discharge and particulate organic matter (POM) in the water column was estimated, using Colwell's indices of constancy and contingency, for 6 Texas prairie streams (1 each of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th order with intermittent or perennial discharge). Stream discharge in these 6 prairie streams varied between 0 and 36000 1 s (super -1) , depending on the stream and season. Predictability (P) of discharge in these streams ranged from 0.45 to 0.62, within the range of values expected for North American streams. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Hill, B H AU - Gardner, T J AU - Ekisola, O F Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 7 EP - 18 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht VL - 242 IS - 1 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - concentration KW - prairies KW - surface water KW - rivers and streams KW - stability KW - prediction KW - Texas KW - vegetation KW - hydrochemistry KW - organic compounds KW - streamflow KW - grasslands KW - drainage basins KW - seasonal variations KW - discharge KW - geochemistry KW - particles KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52091087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Predictability+of+streamflow+and+particulate+organic+matter+concentration+as+indicators+of+stability+in+prairie+streams&rft.au=Hill%2C+B+H%3BGardner%2C+T+J%3BEkisola%2C+O+F&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=242&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100271/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 8 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - HYDRB8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - concentration; discharge; drainage basins; geochemistry; grasslands; hydrochemistry; hydrology; organic compounds; particles; prairies; prediction; rivers and streams; seasonal variations; stability; streamflow; surface water; Texas; United States; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic elasticity and strength anisotropy of some surficial rocks AN - 52000145; 2003-029760 JF - International Journal of Surface Mining AU - Inyang, H AU - Fish, K Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 65 EP - 71 PB - Balkema, Rotterdam VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0920-8119, 0920-8119 KW - elasticity KW - complexes KW - in situ KW - dynamics KW - strength KW - classification KW - anisotropy KW - rock mechanics KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52000145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining&rft.atitle=Dynamic+elasticity+and+strength+anisotropy+of+some+surficial+rocks&rft.au=Inyang%2C+H%3BFish%2C+K&rft.aulast=Inyang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining&rft.issn=09208119&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/nsme20/current LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anisotropy; classification; complexes; dynamics; elasticity; in situ; rock mechanics; strength ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of ground-water vulnerability database for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's hazard ranking system using a geographic information system AN - 50980008; 1993-011702 JF - ASTM Special Technical Publication. STP AU - Clarke, John S AU - Sorenson, Jerry W AU - Strickland, Henry G AU - Collins, George A2 - Johnson, A. I. A2 - Pettersson, C. B. A2 - Fulton, J. L. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 226 EP - 246 PB - American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA VL - 1126 SN - 0066-0558, 0066-0558 KW - geographic information systems KW - hazard ranking system KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - vulnerability KW - risk assessment KW - information systems KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - waste disposal KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50980008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.atitle=Development+of+ground-water+vulnerability+database+for+the+U.+S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+hazard+ranking+system+using+a+geographic+information+system&rft.au=Clarke%2C+John+S%3BSorenson%2C+Jerry+W%3BStrickland%2C+Henry+G%3BCollins%2C+George&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=1126&rft.issue=&rft.spage=226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.issn=00660558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ASTTA8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geographic information systems; government agencies; ground water; hazard ranking system; hydraulic conductivity; information systems; pollution; risk assessment; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; vulnerability; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's program for management of crude oil and natural gas exploration, development, and production wastes AN - 50975748; 1992-063233 JF - Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts - American Association of Petroleum Geologists AU - Robinson, Bonnie B AU - Eynon, George Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 110 PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK VL - 1992 SN - 0094-0038, 0094-0038 KW - United States KW - petroleum exploration KW - development KW - natural gas KW - regulations KW - government agencies KW - environmental geology KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - petroleum KW - waste disposal KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50975748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Extrapolation+modeling+of+aerosol+deposition+in+human+and+laboratory+rat+lungs.&rft.au=Martonen%2C+T+B%3BZhang%2C+Z%3BYang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Martonen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1992 annual convention N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - APGAB2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - development; environmental geology; government agencies; natural gas; petroleum; petroleum exploration; pollution; regulations; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A strategy for ecological risk assessments for Superfund; biological methods for evaluating soil contamination AN - 50963725; 1995-004739 JF - ASTM Special Technical Publication. STP AU - Linder, Greg AU - Callahan, Clarence AU - Pascoe, Gary A2 - Hoddinott, Keith B. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 288 EP - 305 PB - American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA VL - 1158 SN - 0066-0558, 0066-0558 KW - United States KW - soils KW - mining KW - toxic materials KW - geologic hazards KW - Superfund KW - pollution KW - Montana KW - habitat KW - wetlands KW - mining geology KW - sediments KW - risk assessment KW - ecology KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50963725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.atitle=A+strategy+for+ecological+risk+assessments+for+Superfund%3B+biological+methods+for+evaluating+soil+contamination&rft.au=Linder%2C+Greg%3BCallahan%2C+Clarence%3BPascoe%2C+Gary&rft.aulast=Linder&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=1158&rft.issue=&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.issn=00660558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Superfund risk assessment in soil contamination studies N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. plate, 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ASTTA8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecology; geologic hazards; habitat; heavy metals; mining; mining geology; Montana; pollution; risk assessment; sediments; soils; Superfund; toxic materials; United States; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilization of uptake biokinetic (UBK) lead model to assess risk in contaminated sites AN - 50963694; 1995-004732 JF - ASTM Special Technical Publication. STP AU - Choudhury, Harlal AU - Peirano, W Bruce AU - Marcus, A AU - Elias, R AU - Griffin, S AU - DeRosa, Christopher T A2 - Hoddinott, Keith B. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 193 EP - 204 PB - American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA VL - 1158 SN - 0066-0558, 0066-0558 KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - geologic hazards KW - Superfund KW - human activity KW - pollution KW - lead KW - remediation KW - models KW - toxicity KW - metals KW - risk assessment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50963694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+uptake+biokinetic+%28UBK%29+lead+model+to+assess+risk+in+contaminated+sites&rft.au=Choudhury%2C+Harlal%3BPeirano%2C+W+Bruce%3BMarcus%2C+A%3BElias%2C+R%3BGriffin%2C+S%3BDeRosa%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Choudhury&rft.aufirst=Harlal&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=1158&rft.issue=&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.issn=00660558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Superfund risk assessment in soil contamination studies N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ASTTA8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geologic hazards; human activity; lead; metals; models; pollution; remediation; risk assessment; soils; Superfund; toxic materials; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk evaluation of lead in soil and groundwater at the H. Brown Superfund site in Walker, Michigan AN - 50960296; 1995-004736 JF - ASTM Special Technical Publication. STP AU - Meadows, Susan D AU - Turnblom, Susan M AU - Hahne, Thomas W AU - Prendiville, Timothy J A2 - Hoddinott, Keith B. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 245 EP - 259 PB - American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA VL - 1158 SN - 0066-0558, 0066-0558 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Michigan Lower Peninsula KW - geologic hazards KW - uptake biokinetic model KW - Superfund KW - site exploration KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - lead KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - toxicity KW - metals KW - Walker Michigan KW - risk assessment KW - Kent County Michigan KW - Michigan KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50960296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.atitle=Risk+evaluation+of+lead+in+soil+and+groundwater+at+the+H.+Brown+Superfund+site+in+Walker%2C+Michigan&rft.au=Meadows%2C+Susan+D%3BTurnblom%2C+Susan+M%3BHahne%2C+Thomas+W%3BPrendiville%2C+Timothy+J&rft.aulast=Meadows&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=1158&rft.issue=&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.issn=00660558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Superfund risk assessment in soil contamination studies N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ASTTA8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geologic hazards; ground water; Kent County Michigan; lead; metals; Michigan; Michigan Lower Peninsula; pollutants; pollution; remediation; risk assessment; site exploration; soils; Superfund; toxicity; United States; uptake biokinetic model; Walker Michigan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Source investigation methods to determine PCE transport pathways to groundwater at dry cleaners in Chico, California AN - 50420747; 1992-046345 JF - Ground Water Management AU - Taylor, J AU - Venus, T AU - Lubke, R AU - Graydon, J AU - Riddle, G A2 - Stanley, Anita Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 245 EP - 259 PB - Water Well Journal Pub. Co., Dublin, OH VL - 11 SN - 1047-9023, 1047-9023 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Chico California KW - monitoring KW - pollution KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - Sutter County California KW - ground water KW - California KW - organic compounds KW - movement KW - tracers KW - environmental geology KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - soil gases KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50420747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Source+investigation+methods+to+determine+PCE+transport+pathways+to+groundwater+at+dry+cleaners+in+Chico%2C+California&rft.au=Taylor%2C+J%3BVenus%2C+T%3BLubke%2C+R%3BGraydon%2C+J%3BRiddle%2C+G&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water+Management&rft.issn=10479023&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Sixth national outdoor conference on Aquifer restoration, ground water monitoring, geophysical methods; a conference and exposition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - OH N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; Chico California; chlorinated hydrocarbons; environmental geology; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; monitoring; movement; organic compounds; pollution; soil gases; Sutter County California; tetrachloroethylene; tracers; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a soil-flushing remediation project for a methylene chloride spill in Vinton County, Ohio AN - 50382837; 1993-001317 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Stewart, Richard J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 33 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 24 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - wells KW - United States KW - soils KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - methylene chloride KW - monitoring KW - reclamation KW - pollution KW - CSX-Zaleski site KW - Vinton County Ohio KW - recharge KW - organic compounds KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - water wells KW - permeability KW - Ohio KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50382837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=A+ten+year+review+of+plastics+recycling.&rft.au=Howell%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1992 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; CSX-Zaleski site; halogenated hydrocarbons; methylene chloride; monitoring; Ohio; organic compounds; permeability; pollution; recharge; reclamation; soils; United States; Vinton County Ohio; water wells; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kinetic and N-15 NMR spectroscopic studies of the covalent binding of aniline to humic substances AN - 50380775; 1992-067907 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Weber, E J AU - Thorn, K A AU - Spidle, D L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 203 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - experimental studies KW - isotopes KW - humates KW - surface water KW - aniline KW - N-15 KW - stable isotopes KW - NMR spectra KW - nitrogen KW - organic compounds KW - sediments KW - spectra KW - kinetics KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50380775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Kinetic+and+N-15+NMR+spectroscopic+studies+of+the+covalent+binding+of+aniline+to+humic+substances&rft.au=Weber%2C+E+J%3BThorn%2C+K+A%3BSpidle%2C+D+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=203&rft.issue=&rft.spage=GEOC+78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 203rd American Chemical Society national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aniline; experimental studies; humates; isotopes; kinetics; N-15; nitrogen; NMR spectra; organic compounds; organic materials; sediments; soils; spectra; stable isotopes; surface water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of groundwater and lead geochemistry along the Sandy Creek, Ohio AN - 50378823; 1993-003090 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Dai, Jian-Ping AU - Chyi, L Lynn AU - Khourey, Chris J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 211 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 24 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - wells KW - United States KW - Pennsylvanian KW - halogens KW - lead KW - ground water KW - chloride ion KW - Sandy Creek KW - Allegheny Group KW - geochemistry KW - Ohio KW - chlorine KW - bedrock KW - Paleozoic KW - Carboniferous KW - agriculture KW - nitrates KW - Middle Pennsylvanian KW - aquifers KW - recharge KW - precipitation KW - metals KW - infiltration KW - water wells KW - Tuscarawas River KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50378823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+groundwater+and+lead+geochemistry+along+the+Sandy+Creek%2C+Ohio&rft.au=Dai%2C+Jian-Ping%3BChyi%2C+L+Lynn%3BKhourey%2C+Chris+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Dai&rft.aufirst=Jian-Ping&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1992 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Allegheny Group; aquifers; bedrock; Carboniferous; chloride ion; chlorine; geochemistry; ground water; halogens; infiltration; lead; metals; Middle Pennsylvanian; nitrates; Ohio; Paleozoic; Pennsylvanian; precipitation; recharge; Sandy Creek; Tuscarawas River; United States; water wells; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary petrographic and radiochemical study of Kiev Reservoir sediments AN - 50376326; 1993-002865 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Neiheisel, James AU - Dyer, Robert S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 200 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 24 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - sand KW - isotopes KW - clastic sediments KW - textures KW - radioactivity KW - plutonium KW - Ukraine KW - alkali metals KW - international cooperation KW - Europe KW - Kiev Reservoir KW - drinking water KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - Chernobyl nuclear accident KW - cesium KW - metals KW - sediments KW - composition KW - petrography KW - uranium KW - actinides KW - USSR KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50376326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Preliminary+petrographic+and+radiochemical+study+of+Kiev+Reservoir+sediments&rft.au=Neiheisel%2C+James%3BDyer%2C+Robert+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Neiheisel&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1992 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; alkali metals; cesium; Chernobyl nuclear accident; clastic sediments; Commonwealth of Independent States; composition; drinking water; Europe; international cooperation; isotopes; Kiev Reservoir; metals; petrography; plutonium; radioactive isotopes; radioactivity; sand; sediments; textures; Ukraine; uranium; USSR ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transport during weathering of contaminated soil treated by solidification/stabilization processes AN - 50375184; 1993-003999 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Slack, William AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 326 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 24 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - soils KW - stabilization KW - neutralization KW - effluents KW - pollution KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - solubility KW - weathering KW - pH KW - heavy metals KW - consolidation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50375184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Transport+during+weathering+of+contaminated+soil+treated+by+solidification%2Fstabilization+processes&rft.au=Slack%2C+William%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Slack&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1992 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - consolidation; effluents; heavy metals; hydraulic conductivity; neutralization; pH; pollution; soils; solubility; stabilization; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of two solid waste landfills, a Superfund site, and strip mining on ground water quality in Portage County, Ohio AN - 50372455; 1993-001644 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Hunt, David L AU - Moody, Judith B AU - Smith, Geoffrey W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 78 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 24 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - wells KW - United States KW - water quality KW - clastic sediments KW - Superfund KW - Summit National Superfund Site KW - landfills KW - pollution KW - Portage County Ohio KW - drift KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - dissolved materials KW - Willow Creek Landfill KW - sediments KW - water wells KW - solid waste KW - Ohio KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50372455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+two+solid+waste+landfills%2C+a+Superfund+site%2C+and+strip+mining+on+ground+water+quality+in+Portage+County%2C+Ohio&rft.au=Hunt%2C+David+L%3BMoody%2C+Judith+B%3BSmith%2C+Geoffrey+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1992 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; clastic sediments; dissolved materials; drift; ground water; landfills; Ohio; pollution; Portage County Ohio; sediments; solid waste; Summit National Superfund Site; Superfund; United States; water quality; water wells; wells; Willow Creek Landfill ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spectroscopic and other studies of humic-coated aquifer sands at the Sleeping Bear fuel spill site AN - 50332977; 1992-067867 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Lyon, William G AU - West, Candida C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 203 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - United States KW - organic materials KW - Michigan Lower Peninsula KW - sand KW - clastic sediments KW - Empire Michigan KW - pollution KW - humic acids KW - infrared spectra KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - humic substances KW - Sleeping Bear Site KW - oil spills KW - sediments KW - spectra KW - Michigan KW - Leelanau County Michigan KW - geochemistry KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50332977?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Spectroscopic+and+other+studies+of+humic-coated+aquifer+sands+at+the+Sleeping+Bear+fuel+spill+site&rft.au=Lyon%2C+William+G%3BWest%2C+Candida+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=203&rft.issue=&rft.spage=GEOC+38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 203rd American Chemical Society national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; clastic sediments; Empire Michigan; geochemistry; humic acids; humic substances; infrared spectra; Leelanau County Michigan; Michigan; Michigan Lower Peninsula; oil spills; organic acids; organic compounds; organic materials; pollution; sand; sediments; Sleeping Bear Site; spectra; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological removal of Hg(II) from a contaminated freshwater pond AN - 50321278; 1993-028014 JF - Abstracts of Papers - American Chemical Society, National Meeting AU - Barkay, T AU - Turner, R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 PB - American Chemical Society, Washington, DC VL - 203 SN - 0065-7727, 0065-7727 KW - United States KW - Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - biodegradation KW - experimental studies KW - eastern Tennessee KW - surface water KW - government agencies KW - pollution KW - fresh-water environment KW - bioremediation KW - remediation KW - radioactive waste KW - volatilization KW - partitioning KW - radioactive tracers KW - metals KW - Tennessee KW - lacustrine environment KW - Anderson County Tennessee KW - water pollution KW - mercury KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50321278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.atitle=Biological+removal+of+Hg%28II%29+from+a+contaminated+freshwater+pond&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T%3BTurner%2C+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=203&rft.issue=&rft.spage=GEOC+166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+of+Papers+-+American+Chemical+Society%2C+National+Meeting&rft.issn=00657727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 203rd American Chemical Society national meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anderson County Tennessee; biodegradation; bioremediation; eastern Tennessee; experimental studies; fresh-water environment; government agencies; lacustrine environment; mercury; metals; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; partitioning; pollution; radioactive tracers; radioactive waste; remediation; surface water; Tennessee; United States; volatilization; water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An examination of dechlorination processes and pathways in New Bedford Harbor sediments AN - 50313418; 1993-036602 JF - Marine Environmental Research AU - Lake, James L AU - Pruell, Richard J AU - Osterman, Frank A Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 31 EP - 47 PB - Applied Science Publishers, Barking VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - PCBs KW - pollution KW - Connecticut KW - organic compounds KW - New Bedford Harbor KW - Massachusetts KW - Black Rock Harbor KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50313418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=An+examination+of+dechlorination+processes+and+pathways+in+New+Bedford+Harbor+sediments&rft.au=Lake%2C+James+L%3BPruell%2C+Richard+J%3BOsterman%2C+Frank+A&rft.aulast=Lake&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01411136 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Black Rock Harbor; chlorinated hydrocarbons; Connecticut; experimental studies; halogenated hydrocarbons; Massachusetts; New Bedford Harbor; organic compounds; PCBs; pollutants; pollution; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater tracing in support of regulatory actions at waste disposal and release sites AN - 50209812; 1994-051263 JF - International Symposium on Water Tracing (SUWT) AU - Quinlan, James F AU - Field, Malcolm S A2 - Hoetzl, H. A2 - Werner, A. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 241 PB - A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam VL - 6 KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - regulations KW - tracers KW - pollution KW - policy KW - applications KW - waste disposal KW - interpretation KW - ground water KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50209812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Symposium+on+Water+Tracing+%28SUWT%29&rft.atitle=Groundwater+tracing+in+support+of+regulatory+actions+at+waste+disposal+and+release+sites&rft.au=Quinlan%2C+James+F%3BField%2C+Malcolm+S&rft.aulast=Quinlan&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=9054100842&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Symposium+on+Water+Tracing+%28SUWT%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 6th international symposium on Water tracing N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #01080 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; ground water; hydrology; interpretation; monitoring; policy; pollution; regulations; tracers; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory activities of California Environmental Protection Agency AN - 50150074; 1995-042712 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Kahoe, Michael A A2 - Stout, Martin L. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 5 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 35 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - California KW - regulations KW - environmental geology KW - California Environmental Protection Agency KW - risk assessment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50150074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Regulatory+activities+of+California+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.au=Kahoe%2C+Michael+A&rft.aulast=Kahoe&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 35th annual meeting of the Association of Engineering Geologists N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; California Environmental Protection Agency; environmental geology; regulations; risk assessment; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspects of landfill design for stability in seismic zones AN - 50146949; 1995-038256 JF - Journal of Environmental Systems AU - Inyang, Hilary I Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 223 EP - 235 PB - Baywood Publishing, Farmingdale, NY VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2433, 0047-2433 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - geologic hazards KW - floodplains KW - landfills KW - stability KW - deformation KW - seismic response KW - liquefaction KW - preventive measures KW - seismic risk KW - mass movements KW - fluvial features KW - percolation KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - earthquakes KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50146949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Systems&rft.atitle=Aspects+of+landfill+design+for+stability+in+seismic+zones&rft.au=Inyang%2C+Hilary+I&rft.aulast=Inyang&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Systems&rft.issn=00472433&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - deformation; design; earthquakes; floodplains; fluvial features; geologic hazards; hydrology; landfills; leaching; liquefaction; mass movements; percolation; preventive measures; seismic response; seismic risk; stability; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dense nonaqueous phase liquid contamination; an ounce of prevention... AN - 50143664; 1995-042694 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Hagemann, Matthew F A2 - Stout, Martin L. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 625 EP - 627 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 35 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - organic materials KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - organic compounds KW - pollutants KW - pumping KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - dense nonaqueous phase liquids KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50143664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Dense+nonaqueous+phase+liquid+contamination%3B+an+ounce+of+prevention...&rft.au=Hagemann%2C+Matthew+F&rft.aulast=Hagemann&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 35th annual meeting of the Association of Engineering Geologists N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dense nonaqueous phase liquids; government agencies; ground water; nonaqueous phase liquids; organic compounds; organic materials; pollutants; pollution; pumping; remediation; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance versus prescription; the regulatory balancing act AN - 50136286; 1995-042653 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Orr, William R A2 - Stout, Martin L. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 360 EP - 365 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 35 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - California KW - regulations KW - landfills KW - legislation KW - environmental geology KW - California Integrated Waste Management Board KW - waste disposal KW - solid waste KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50136286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Performance+versus+prescription%3B+the+regulatory+balancing+act&rft.au=Orr%2C+William+R&rft.aulast=Orr&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 35th annual meeting of the Association of Engineering Geologists N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; California Integrated Waste Management Board; environmental geology; landfills; legislation; regulations; solid waste; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The estuarine component of the US E.P.A.'s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program AN - 20179246; 9214776 AB - The US Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development has initiated the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) to monitor status and trends in the condition of the nation's near coastal waters, forests, wetlands, agro-ecosystems, surface waters, deserts and rangelands. The programme is also intended to evaluate the effectiveness of Agency policies at protecting ecological resources occurring in these systems. Monitoring data collected for all ecosystems will be integrated for regional and national status and trends assessments. The near coastal component of EMAP consists of estuaries, coastal waters, and the Great Lakes. Near coastal ecosystems have been regionalized and classified, and an integrated sampling strategy has been developed. EPA and NOAA have agreed to coordinate and, to the extent possible, integrate the near coastal component of EMAP with the NOAA National Status and Trends Program. A demonstration project was conducted in estuaries of the mid-Atlantic region (Chesapeake Bay to Cape Cod) in the summer of 1990. In 1991, monitoring continued in mid-Atlantic estuaries and was initiated in estuaries of a portion of the Gulf of Mexico. Preliminary results indicate: there are no insurmountable logistical problems with sampling on a regional scale; several of the selected indicators are practical and sensitive on the regional scale; and an efficient effort in future years will provide valuable information on condition of estuarine resources at regional scales. JF - Chemistry and ecology AU - Paul, John F AU - Scott, KJohn AU - Holland, AFred AU - Weisberg, Steven B AU - Summers, JKevin AU - Robertson, Andrew AD - US Environmental Protection Agency,, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 93 EP - 116 VL - 7 IS - 1-4 SN - 0275-7540, 0275-7540 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Brackishwater pollution KW - Statistical sampling KW - Estuaries KW - ANW, USA, East Coast KW - Indicators KW - Brackish KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Coastal waters KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20179246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+and+ecology&rft.atitle=The+estuarine+component+of+the+US+E.P.A.%27s+Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment+Program&rft.au=Paul%2C+John+F%3BScott%2C+KJohn%3BHolland%2C+AFred%3BWeisberg%2C+Steven+B%3BSummers%2C+JKevin%3BRobertson%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemistry+and+ecology&rft.issn=02757540&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; (DBO N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Brackishwater pollution; Statistical sampling; Estuaries; Indicators; Brackishwater environment; Coastal waters; ANW, USA, East Coast; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composition of floating debris in harbours of the United States AN - 20179213; 9214775 AB - As part of a programme to characterize floating anthropogenic debris in the aquatic environment, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted 18 field surveys in the harbours of major metropolitan cities of the east, west, and Gulf coasts of the United States and the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The surveys were designed to provide information on the types, relative amounts, and distributions of aquatic debris in different geographic regions of the United States. Neuston nets (0.33 mm mesh) were used to collect surface debris during outgoing tides on two or three consecutive days in selected areas of each city. After each net tow, the debris, which ranged in size from small resin pellets to large plastic sheeting pieces, was identified, categorized, and counted. The data are being used to qualitatively characterize aquatic debris in coastal metropolitan areas, to examine potential regional variations, and to tentatively identify potential sources. JF - Chemistry and ecology AU - Redford, David P AU - Trulli, Wayne R AU - Trulli, Heather K AD - US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds (WH-556F), 401 M Street, S.W. Washington, DC 20460 USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 75 EP - 92 VL - 7 IS - 1-4 SN - 0275-7540, 0275-7540 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Marine KW - ANW, USA, Virginia, Norfolk KW - ANW, USA, New York, New York, New York Harbor KW - Plastic debris KW - Surveys KW - Man-induced effects KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Miami KW - INE, USA, Washington, Tacoma KW - Harbours KW - Nets KW - ANW, USA, Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore Harbor KW - ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Boston, Boston Harbor KW - INE, USA, California, San Francisco Bay KW - INE, USA, Washington, Seattle KW - ASW, USA, Texas, Houston KW - INE, USA, California, Oakland KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20179213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+and+ecology&rft.atitle=Composition+of+floating+debris+in+harbours+of+the+United+States&rft.au=Redford%2C+David+P%3BTrulli%2C+Wayne+R%3BTrulli%2C+Heather+K&rft.aulast=Redford&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemistry+and+ecology&rft.issn=02757540&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; (DBO N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plastic debris; Man-induced effects; Surveys; Harbours; Nets; ANW, USA, Virginia, Norfolk; ANW, USA, Massachusetts, Boston, Boston Harbor; ANW, USA, Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore Harbor; ANW, USA, New York, New York, New York Harbor; INE, USA, California, San Francisco Bay; INE, USA, Washington, Seattle; ASW, USA, Florida, Miami; ASW, USA, Texas, Houston; INE, USA, Washington, Tacoma; INE, USA, California, Oakland; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategy for the control of land-based sources of marine pollution in the wider Caribbean region AN - 20177784; 9214777 AB - The pollution of the marine environment caused by land-based sources threatens or impairs the health of the ecosystems and the value of human uses of the coastal waters. The Contracting Parties to the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region agreed to take all appropriate measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution. In the first meeting of the Contracting Parties, the development of a protocol on the control of marine pollution from land-based sources was recommended as a measure to protect the marine environment. A small group of experts from the Caribbean Region formulated a strategy for controlling land-based sources of marine pollution. Due to the diverse nature, resources and capabilities of the countries comprising the Region, the pollution control strategy suggested by the group of experts included the following techniques or their most appropriate combination: (1) pollution prevention measures, (2) effluent limitations, (3) water quality limitations, (4) environmental planning, and (5) best management practices. The desirable control strategy should be based on a system of discharge permits in the case of point source pollution, which includes effluent and water quality limitations. The technology based effluent limitations could be applied as a short-range strategy to control pollution from industrial and domestic point source discharges. The use of water quality standards could become part of a long-range strategy for controlling point sources. For nonpoint sources, it would be virtually impossible to develop effluent limitations. Thus, the implementation of best management practices and effective environmental planning would be the most reasonable control strategy for non-point sources. However, pollution prevention measures could consist of a black list of substances that should be completely banned, and a grey list for those that should be strictly limited. These lists should be adopted or appropriately modified for the conditions of the Wider Caribbean Region. The development of control based on the water quality of the receiving body of water involves the collection and analysis of effluent and ambient data to develop water quality based permit limits and to assess compliance with these permits. Finally, any marine pollution control strategy developed by the countries of the Region should be mutually agreed upon and implemented within a period of ten years from the ratification of a protocol on land-based sources of marine pollution. JF - Chemistry and ecology AU - Gelabert, Pedro A AU - Singh, Naresh C AD - Director, Caribbean Field Office, U S Environmental Protection Agency,, San Juan, Puerto Rico USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 117 EP - 121 VL - 7 IS - 1-4 SN - 0275-7540, 0275-7540 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Marine KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Man-induced effects KW - Coastal waters KW - Effluents KW - International agreements KW - Water quality control KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea KW - Marine pollution KW - Environment management KW - Pollution KW - Pollution control KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20177784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+and+ecology&rft.atitle=Strategy+for+the+control+of+land-based+sources+of+marine+pollution+in+the+wider+Caribbean+region&rft.au=Gelabert%2C+Pedro+A%3BSingh%2C+Naresh+C&rft.aulast=Gelabert&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemistry+and+ecology&rft.issn=02757540&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; (DBO N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water quality control; Pollution monitoring; Marine pollution; Man-induced effects; Effluents; Coastal waters; Environment management; Pollution; International agreements; Pollution control; ASW, Caribbean Sea; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring of the fate, transport, and effects of sewage sludge disposed at the 106-mile deepwater municipal sludge dump site AN - 20169302; 9214774 AB - Since 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has conducted monitoring studies to determine the transport, fate, and effects of sewage sludge dumped at the 106-Mile Deepwater Municipal Sludge Dump Site (106-Mile Site). This paper describes EPA's 106-Mile Site monitoring activities and the results from six oceanographic surveys of the Site. Surveys have been conducted to track sewage sludge plumes and monitor dispersion and settling characteristics; study plume toxicity ad contaminant levels; search for sludge and sludge constituents in surface waters in the area of the Site up 74 km (40 nautical miles) away; maintain a stationary real-time current meter near the Site; deploy and retrieve approximately 50 sediment traps and 17 current meters on 10 arrays from Hudson Canyon south to Delaware Canyon, at depths ranging from 1500 to 2800 m; and deploy satellite-tracked drifters. Results of studies completed to date have provided field data on the chemical and physical behaviour of sludge discharge plumes. Short-term persistence of sludge particles in surface waters above the pycnocline was observed and advection of sludge material from the Site may be rapid, in many cases on the order of hours. A suggestion that removal of sludge material from the surface mixed layer at the Site occurs more from horizontal mixing and advection than from vertical transport processes is supported by the data. Finally, monitoring results have provided data for assessment of permit compliance and for development of additional monitoring to detect far-field transport and long-term impacts - monitoring efforts relative to these concerns continue. JF - Chemistry and ecology AU - Redford, David AU - Pabst, Douglas AU - Hunt, Carlton D AD - Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds, US Environmental Protection Agency (WH-556F),, 401 M Street S.W., Washington, DC 20460 USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 51 EP - 74 VL - 7 IS - 1-4 SN - 0275-7540, 0275-7540 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Marine KW - Chlorophylls KW - Pycnocline KW - ANW, USA, New York Bight, 106-Mile Deep Water Dumpsite KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - Sludge KW - Dissolved oxygen KW - Sediments KW - Sewage disposal KW - Sediment transport KW - Sediment traps KW - Plumes KW - Turbidity KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20169302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+and+ecology&rft.atitle=Monitoring+of+the+fate%2C+transport%2C+and+effects+of+sewage+sludge+disposed+at+the+106-mile+deepwater+municipal+sludge+dump+site&rft.au=Redford%2C+David%3BPabst%2C+Douglas%3BHunt%2C+Carlton+D&rft.aulast=Redford&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemistry+and+ecology&rft.issn=02757540&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; (DBO N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Chlorophylls; Pycnocline; Toxicity; Sludge; Biomass; Sediments; Dissolved oxygen; Sewage disposal; Sediment transport; Plumes; Sediment traps; Turbidity; ANW, USA, New York Bight, 106-Mile Deep Water Dumpsite; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary caesium data from a cooperative US/USSR monitoring survey for Chernobyl radioactivity in the Black Sea AN - 20124286; 9214780 AB - In June 1990, scientists from the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Radiation Programs (ORP), and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), travelled to Sevastopol in the Soviet Union to work with radioecologists and marine scientists from the USSR Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (IBSS). The purpose of this cooperative programme was to conduct a monitoring survey for radioactivity in the northwestern Black Sea. Samples of sediment, surface and in-situ water, and biota were collected from fourteen stations for post-survey radionuclide analyses to determine levels of radioactivity in the Black Sea environment resulting from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion and subsequent transport of radioactivity via the Dnepr and Danube rivers. This paper presents the preliminary data for caesium-137 and caesium-134 in sediment samples analyzed by the EPA/ORP. Caesium-137 was measured at four shallow (20-114 m) stations on the shelf near the mouth of the Dnepr and Danube Rivers, but was not detected in sediments from comparable depths at stations further off shore or in slope sediments at depths of 510-1288 meters. Caesium-134 was detected only in sediments from the shallow-water station nearest to the Danube River. JF - Chemistry and ecology AU - Curtis, William R AU - Broadway, Jon A AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs,, Washington, D.C. 20460 USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 161 EP - 172 VL - 7 IS - 1-4 SN - 0275-7540, 0275-7540 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Marine KW - Pollution monitoring KW - MED, Black Sea KW - Data processing KW - Marine pollution KW - International cooperation KW - Sediment transport KW - Radioactivity KW - Caesium isotopes KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20124286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chromatographic+Science&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+48+compounds+for+possible+inclusion+in+U.S.+EPA+method+524.2%2C+Revision+3.0%3A+expansion+of+the+method+analyte+list+to+a+total+of+83+compounds&rft.au=Munch%2C+J+W%3BEichelberger%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Munch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chromatographic+Science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; (DBO N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Data processing; Marine pollution; International cooperation; Sediment transport; Radioactivity; Caesium isotopes; MED, Black Sea; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is Wetter Better AN - 19152102; 9206808 AB - A current misconception that threatens to undermine existing wetland protection efforts is that the value of a wetland to society is positively correlated with increasing wetness, that is, increasing frequency, depth, and duration of flooding, inundation, or saturation. The hydrological variability among wetlands is the focus of those who question whether all wetlands should receive equal protection under federal law. Although ecologists agree that all wetlands are not physically, chemically, and biologically equivalent, there is no strong basis, in terms of relative ecological value, for comparing different types of wetland systems. Scientific evidence does not support the practice of assigning lower functional values to periodically saturated wetlands compared to permanently inundated or saturated wetlands. Patterns of wildlife use within wetland habitats of the San Francisco Bay estuary can be used to dispel the myth that 'wetter is better.' An analysis based on one measure of wetland functional value (i.e., wildlife habitat use), illustrated that wetlands with seasonal hydrology are at least as valuable as those with permanent hydrology. Unfounded generalization about the relatively low value of drier wetlands are simplistic, scientifically insupportable, and inevitably detract from serous efforts to maintain and restore the integrity of the nation's waters, a clear mandate of the Clean Water Act. (Rochester-PTT) JF - Bioscience BISNAS, Vol. 42, No. 1, p 58-65, 1992. 3 tab, 9 ref. AU - Leidy, R A AU - Fiedler, P L AU - Micheli, E R AD - Wetlands Section, US Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA 94105 Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Administrative regulations KW - *Environmental policy KW - *Environmental protection KW - *Ephemeral wetlands KW - *Permanent wetlands KW - *Wetlands KW - Clean Water Act KW - Definitions KW - Estuaries KW - Policy making KW - San Francisco Bay KW - Wildlife habitats KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19152102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Is+Wetter+Better&rft.au=Leidy%2C+R+A%3BFiedler%2C+P+L%3BMicheli%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Leidy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Toxicity Identification Evaluation Techniques to Identify Dredged Materials Disposal Options: A Proposed Approach AN - 19136139; 9210706 AB - It is common to use toxicity tests as part of the decision-making process for selecting disposal options for dredged sediments. The mere presence of toxicity, however, does not provide a logical basis for selecting economical, environmentally protective disposal techniques. Toxicity identification evaluation procedures represent a useful approach for identifying acutely toxic compounds in dredged materials. A conceptual overview of how toxicity identification evaluation procedures could be economically applied to the assessment of dredged material was used. In this framework, the first decision would be whether or not elutriate or bulk sediment was toxic. If the elutriate is toxic, toxicity identification evaluation could be performed directly on the elutriate. If the bulk sediment is toxic, it would be necessary to confirm that the corresponding pore water also is toxic. Because two contaminants of common concern in dredged material assessments are ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, the most logical initial toxicity identification evaluation manipulation is the graduated pH test. The absence of pH-dependent toxicity, or failure to confirm ammonia and hydrogen sulfide as the causal toxicants, requires other toxicity identification evaluation manipulations. The application of toxicity identification evaluation procedures to the assessment of dredged materials represents a logical method for incorporating toxicity data into the decision-making process for evaluating disposal options. Although the incorporation of toxicity identification evaluation methods into dredged material evaluations will, in some cases, increase the amount of effort expended in the assessment phase, the insights gained proved to be of significant economic benefit with regard to identifying appropriate, environmentally protection disposal options. (Mertz-PTT) JF - Environmental Management EMNGDC, Vol. 16, No. 1, p 1-6, January/February 1992. 1 fig, 27 ref. AU - Ankley, G T AU - Schubauer-Berigan, M K AU - Hoke, R A AD - US EPA, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - Jan 1992 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Dredging wastes KW - *Pollutant identification KW - *Sediments KW - *Site selection KW - *Toxicity KW - *Waste disposal KW - Ammonia KW - Evaluation KW - Hazardous waste disposal KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - Hydrogen sulfide KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19136139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+Toxicity+Identification+Evaluation+Techniques+to+Identify+Dredged+Materials+Disposal+Options%3A+A+Proposed+Approach&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BSchubauer-Berigan%2C+M+K%3BHoke%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management for water supply in the 1990s AN - 16900104; 3595614 AB - Developing our economic potential while protecting our national environment, and shared global ecosystem as well, presents a formidable challenge. The cost of protecting the quality of our water supplies is rising sharply, and by the year 2000 the figure is expected to increase two and a half times. Watersheds cross domestic and national boundaries, and the unilateral actions of one state or country can have only limited success. For many water supplies the major sources of pollution now are small dispersed sources like the toxic laden runoff from city streets and parking lots. The benefits of water efficiency go beyond cost savings. There are real environmental benefits if we use water more efficiently. We need less power to pump and treat water, which reduces air pollution, energy use and ecological disruptions. JF - Journal of New England Water Works Association AU - Belaga, J AD - U.S. EPA, Boston, MA, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 272 EP - 274 VL - 106 IS - 4 SN - 0028-4939, 0028-4939 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - water supplies KW - water management KW - environmental protection KW - runoff KW - water treatment KW - economics KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16900104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.atitle=Management+for+water+supply+in+the+1990s&rft.au=Belaga%2C+J&rft.aulast=Belaga&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+New+England+Water+Works+Association&rft.issn=00284939&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water supplies; water management; environmental protection; water treatment; runoff; economics; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Karst hydrology and chemical contamination AN - 16852724; 3782597 AB - Ground-water flow in karst aquifers is very different from flow in granular or fractured aquifers. Karst ground-water flow is often turbulent within discrete conduits that are convergent in their upper reaches and may be divergent in their very lower reaches, simulating the flow pattern of surface water streams that are dendritic or trellised but with discharge to one or more springs. Significant precipitation events tend to flood karst aquifers quickly, causing a rapid rise in the potentiometric surface that may flood older, higher levels which discharge to a different set of springs. The epikarstic zone in karst terranes stores and directs infiltrating water down discrete percolation points. Chemical contamination may be fed directly to a karst aquifer via overland flow to a sinkhole with little or no attenuation and may contaminate down-gradient wells, springs, and sinkholes within a few hours or a few days. Contaminants may also become temporarily stored in the epikarstic zone for eventual release to the aquifer. Flood pulses may flush the contaminants to cause transiently higher levels of contamination in the aquifer and discharge points. The convergent nature of flow in karst aquifers may result in contaminants becoming concentrated in conduits. Once contaminants have reached the subsurface conduits, they are likely to be rapidly transported to spring outlets. Traditional aquifer remediation techniques for contaminated aquifers are less applicable to karst aquifers. JF - Journal of Environmental Systems AU - Field AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 26 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2433, 0047-2433 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical pollution KW - remediation KW - aquifers KW - flow rates KW - infiltration KW - groundwater pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16852724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Systems&rft.atitle=Karst+hydrology+and+chemical+contamination&rft.au=Field&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Systems&rft.issn=00472433&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - groundwater pollution; aquifers; infiltration; flow rates; remediation; chemical pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk reduction through regulatory control of waste disposal facility siting AN - 16852560; 3782598 AB - Structural failure of hazardous waste management facilities and consequent undesirable environmental and human health effects can result from natural and human-made hazards in sensitive environments. Potential hazards include catastrophic release of toxic materials into water, soil, and air; rapid and widespread transport of hazardous contaminants; and impracticable cleanup measures. Site-specific factors and facility type control the magnitude of the above-stated risks. Various approaches can be adopted to minimize potential facility damages and environmental degradation, including control of the facility's location and design conservatism. Since a host of economic and administrative factors are important to hazardous waste facility siting, the provision of incentives to facility planners to adopt good siting practices may enhance the implementation of siting plans that reduce risk. Several environments are assessed for their sensitivity to damages from hazardous waste installations. Measures of minimizing risk through location and design controls are discussed. JF - Journal of Environmental Systems AU - Wright, F G AU - Inyang, H I AU - Myers, V B AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 27 EP - 35 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2433, 0047-2433 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - siting criteria KW - waste disposal sites KW - government regulations KW - environmental impact KW - hazardous wastes KW - economics KW - public health KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16852560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Systems&rft.atitle=Risk+reduction+through+regulatory+control+of+waste+disposal+facility+siting&rft.au=Wright%2C+F+G%3BInyang%2C+H+I%3BMyers%2C+V+B&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Systems&rft.issn=00472433&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous wastes; waste disposal sites; siting criteria; environmental impact; public health; government regulations; economics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oil spill bioremediation: Experiences, lessons and results from the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska AN - 16760033; 3526740 AB - The use of bioremediation as a supplemental cleanup technology in the Exxon Valdez oil spill, in Prince William Sound, Alaska, has proven to be a good example of the problems and successes associated with the practical application of this technology. Field studies conducted by scientists from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have demonstrated that oil degradation by indigenous microflora on the beaches of Prince William Sound was accelerated by adding fertilizer directly to the surfaces of oil-contaminated beaches. Although several types of fertilizers were used in the studies, only the results from the application of an oleophilic fertilizer are presented. The fertilizer enhanced biodegradation of the oil, as measured by changes in hydrocarbon composition and bulk oil weight per unit of beach material, by approximately two-fold relative to untreated controls. Laboratory studies verified the usefulness of the oleophilic fertilizer as a nutrient source, but the contribution of its oleophilic components towards enhancing biodegradation is still unclear. These studies supported bioremediation as a useful cleanup strategy that was subsequently used by Exxon on a large scale. The Exxon Valdez experience has also provided a number of informative lessons that have significant relevance to future oil bioremediation efforts. This paper discusses these lessons and the difficulties in assessing the effectiveness of bioremediation in the field. JF - Biodegradation AU - Pritchard, PH AU - Mueller, J G AU - Rogers, J C AU - Kremer, F V AU - Glaser, JA AD - EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-5299, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 315 EP - 335 VL - 3 IS - 2-3 SN - 0923-9820, 0923-9820 KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Prince William Sound KW - hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria KW - petroleum KW - pollution clean-up KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - fertilizers KW - marine pollution KW - beaches KW - oil spills KW - water pollution KW - pollution control KW - Marine KW - biodegradation KW - oil pollution KW - bacteria KW - hydrocarbons KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - Q4 27480:Environmental Applications/Impact KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16760033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Oil+spill+bioremediation%3A+Experiences%2C+lessons+and+results+from+the+Exxon+Valdez+oil+spill+in+Alaska&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+PH%3BMueller%2C+J+G%3BRogers%2C+J+C%3BKremer%2C+F+V%3BGlaser%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodegradation&rft.issn=09239820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beaches; fertilizers; biodegradation; marine pollution; oil spills; bacteria; oil pollution; hydrocarbons; petroleum; water pollution; pollution control; hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria; pollution clean-up; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury biotransformations and their potential for remediation of mercury contamination AN - 16741354; 3518692 AB - Bacterially mediated ionic mercury reduction to volatile Hg super(0) was shown to play an important role in the geochemical cycling of mercury in a contaminated freshwater pond. This process, and the degradation of methylmercury, could be stimulated to reduce the concentration of methylmercury that is available for accumulation by biota. A study testing the utility of this approach is described. JF - Biodegradation AU - Barkay, T AU - Turner, R AU - Saouter, E AU - Horn, J AD - U.S. EPA, 1 Sabine Island Dr., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 147 EP - 159 VL - 3 IS - 2-3 SN - 0923-9820, 0923-9820 KW - Methyl mercury KW - aquatic bacteria KW - dimethylmercury KW - mercury KW - organometallic compounds KW - pollution clean-up KW - sulfate-reducing bacteria KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - freshwater organisms KW - Freshwater KW - reduction KW - biodegradation KW - bioremediation KW - ponds KW - bacteria KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - D 04804:Pollution control KW - A 01056:Mineral microbiology KW - Q4 27480:Environmental Applications/Impact KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - J 02905:Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16741354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Mercury+biotransformations+and+their+potential+for+remediation+of+mercury+contamination&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T%3BTurner%2C+R%3BSaouter%2C+E%3BHorn%2C+J&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biodegradation&rft.issn=09239820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methyl mercury; biodegradation; ponds; freshwater organisms; organometallic compounds; bacteria; reduction; bioremediation; mercury; sulfate-reducing bacteria; aquatic bacteria; pollution clean-up; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infection intensity of Perkinsus marinus disease in Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) from the Gulf of Mexico maintained under different laboratory conditions AN - 16683471; 3052170 AB - A protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus, has been responsible for infection and mortality of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, since before 1950. Studies on the course of infection intensity in individual animals have been restricted by the need to sacrifice animals for diagnosis, so quantitative association of disease intensity with environmental conditions and individual survival has not been accomplished. A recently developed hemolymph assay provided the means to quantitate infection intensity from live oysters. Application of this technique demonstrated progression of P. marinus intensity in Gulf of Mexico oysters maintained in laboratory aquaria in fed and unfed conditions at different test temperatures (18 degree -27 degree C) and salinities (6-36 ppt). In one experiment, the infection intensities over 8 weekly samplings increased 10 super(0.09) hypnospores mL super(-1) for low temperature/low salinity conditions and 10 super(0.36) hypnospores mL super(-1) hemolymph week super(-1) for high temperature/high salinity conditions. Temperature was more influential than salinity in P. marinus intensity and oyster mortalities. Oysters containing 10 super(3)-10 super(4) hypnospores mL super(-1) hemolymph survived in low temperatures, but not in high. Feeding did not affect the intensity of P. marinus, but may have been a factor in survival of infected oysters. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Fisher, W S AU - Gauthier, J D AU - Winstead, J T AD - U.S. EPA, Cent. Mar. and Estuar. Dis. Res., Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 363 EP - 369 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Marine KW - immunology KW - Perkinsus marinus KW - parasitic diseases KW - pathology KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - protozoan diseases KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08261:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16683471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Infection+intensity+of+Perkinsus+marinus+disease+in+Crassostrea+virginica+%28Gmelin%2C+1791%29+from+the+Gulf+of+Mexico+maintained+under+different+laboratory+conditions&rft.au=Fisher%2C+W+S%3BGauthier%2C+J+D%3BWinstead%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunology; pathology; parasitic diseases; protozoan diseases; Perkinsus marinus; Crassostrea virginica; ASW, Mexico Gulf; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental analysis by direct aqueous injection. AN - 16664777; 3021308 AB - The precision, sensitivity, and utility of analyzing water-soluble environmental contaminants by direct aqueous injection (DAI) gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (GC/FT-IR) and gas chromatography/Ion trap spectrometry (GC/ITS) has been investigated. Thirteen low molecular weight, highly water-soluble, or poorly-purgeable compounds were studied. DAI results for GC/FT-IR and GC/ITS were collected on a single day at four concentration levels and subjected to regression analysis. Mean regression correlation coefficients for Gram-Schmidt (GS), maximum absorbance (MA), and Ion trap full scan quantification approaches were 0.9882, 0.9895, and 0.9670, respectively. Ion trap linear dynamic ranges exceeded four decades. GC/FT-IR Identification limits ranged from 5 to 100 ng while the detection limits for the Ion trap were 8-400 pg. A 5-day test of DAI ruggedness was carried out using both spectral approaches. Percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) ranged from 3.5 to 21.1 for GS, from 1.2 to 7.4 for MA, and from 2.3 to 18.7 for GC/ITS. Mean % RSD values for GS, MA, and GC/ITS were 10.5, 2.5, and 8.0, respectively. An environmental sample analyzed by GC/FT-IR detected one analyte while GC/ITS detected by GC/FT-IR detected one analyte while GC/ITS detected a significant number of analytes. The GC/ITS results were compared to those obtained from quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis of methylene chloride extracts derived from the same sample. JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington) AU - Gurka, D F AU - Pyle, S M AU - Titus, R AD - U.S. EPA, Office Res. and Dev., Quality Assurance Div., 944 E. Harmon, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1749 EP - 1754 VL - 64 IS - 17 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - analytical techniques KW - chromatographic techniques KW - direct aqueous injection KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - environmental monitoring KW - water analysis KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16664777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Environmental+analysis+by+direct+aqueous+injection.&rft.au=Gurka%2C+D+F%3BPyle%2C+S+M%3BTitus%2C+R&rft.aulast=Gurka&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chromatographic techniques; environmental monitoring; analytical techniques; water analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence characteristics of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio vulnificus AN - 16653361; 3659030 AB - Twenty-four randomly selected clinical and environmental Vibrio vulnificus isolates were tested for virulence in iron-overloaded mice (250 mg of iron dextran per kg of body weight). The log sub(10) 50% lethal doses of 17 isolates were lower by greater than or equal to 3.5 log sub(10) units in iron-overloaded mice than in control mice. These isolates were classified as virulent. The 50% lethal doses of these virulent isolates were also lower in mice that were immunosuppressed by treatment with cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg). Four of the seven isolates initially classified as avirulent were virulent in mice that were simultaneously iron overloaded and immunosuppressed. These isolates were classified as moderately virulent. The remaining three isolates were avirulent under all conditions. The incidence of virulent strains among clinical and environmental isolates did not differ. The virulent isolates produced high titers of hemolysin, were resistant to inactivation by serum complement, produced phenolate siderophore, and utilized transferrin-bound iron. The moderately virulent isolates differed from the virulent isolates only in their increased sensitivity to inactivation by serum complement. The avirulent isolates differed from those of the other two classes in their inability to either produce significant amounts of phenolate siderophore or utilize transferrin-bound iron. (DBO) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Stelma, GN Jr AU - Reyes, AL AU - Peeler, J T AU - Johnson, CH AU - Spaulding, P L AD - Environ. Monit. Syst. Lab., Microbiol. Res. Div., Bacteriol. Branch, U.S. EPA, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2776 EP - 2782 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - transferrin KW - iron KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - virulence KW - hemolysins KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16653361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Virulence+characteristics+of+clinical+and+environmental+isolates+of+Vibrio+vulnificus&rft.au=Stelma%2C+GN+Jr%3BReyes%2C+AL%3BPeeler%2C+J+T%3BJohnson%2C+CH%3BSpaulding%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Stelma&rft.aufirst=GN&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio vulnificus; virulence; hemolysins ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluation of soil venting application. AN - 16625016; 3003533 AB - This paper discusses performance limitations and containment removal optimization of soil venting technology when remediating a VOC contaminated site. Presented herein is a discussion of influential soil venting performance parameters such as containment volatility, mass transfer, and air permeability. The significance of these and other factors including placement of extraction and observation wells as related to site characterization, field tests and actual remediation projects is considered. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - DiGiulio, D C Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 279 EP - 291 VL - 32 IS - 2-3 KW - venting KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - volatile organic compounds KW - contamination KW - remediation KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16625016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+soil+venting+application.&rft.au=DiGiulio%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=DiGiulio&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ground water -- the problem and some solutions. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic contaminant and heavy metal concentrations in zebra mussel tissue from western Lake Erie. AN - 16608406; 3030648 AB - Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha ) were collected from rock substrates in a nearshore zone of western Lake Erie at Sterling State Park, Monroe, Michigan, USA. Mussel soft tissues were removed from shells and four samples were analyzed for organic contaminants, heavy metals, and other standard parameters. Results indicate that zebra mussels can accumulate organic contaminants and heavy metals. Limited data suggest that PCB concentrations are considerably greater than concentrations in native unionids, exhibit a spatial distribution in the Huron-Erie corridor, and have potential for contaminant transfer to higher trophic levels. Conversely, the very limited heavy metal and other organic contaminant data do not suggest concentration differences in bivalves or spatial distributions. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Kreis, RG Jr AU - Mullin, MD AU - Rossmann, R AU - Wallace, L L AD - U.S. EPA, Large Lakes Res. Stn., ERL-Duluth, Grosse Ile, MI 48138, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 228 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - chemical pollutants KW - organic compounds KW - USA, Michigan, Erie L. KW - freshwater molluscs KW - Freshwater KW - introduced species KW - Dreissena polymorpha KW - heavy metals KW - bioaccumulation KW - fouling organisms KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q1 08541:Biology of fouling and boring organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16608406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Organic+contaminant+and+heavy+metal+concentrations+in+zebra+mussel+tissue+from+western+Lake+Erie.&rft.au=Kreis%2C+RG+Jr%3BMullin%2C+MD%3BRossmann%2C+R%3BWallace%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Kreis&rft.aufirst=RG&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollutants; organic compounds; freshwater molluscs; introduced species; heavy metals; fouling organisms; bioaccumulation; Dreissena polymorpha; USA, Michigan, Erie L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory culture of the pink shrimp, Penaeus duorarum : Fecundity, survival and growth. AN - 16605975; 3037188 AB - A recirculating system using a 4' fiberglass spawning tank produced an average of 3030 ( plus or minus 1560) viable pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum ) eggs per day during fall, winter and spring. Culture of these eggs to post larvae in 10 days was successful using continuous delivery of mass cultured Tetraselmis chuii . A maximum of 81% of the eggs survived to post larvae and a group of the post larvae were grown under optimum conditions to assess potential growth rate. Fifteen days after metamorphosis to post larvae, the shrimp dry weight was 8.7 times that of Day 1 post larvae; 54 days after metamorphosis, they were 54 times that of Day 1 and 57 days after metamorphosis, the shrimp dry weight was 1514 times that of Day 1. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Cripe, G M AD - U.S. EPA, Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 193 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - recirculating systems KW - Penaeus duorarum KW - shrimp culture KW - laboratory culture KW - survival KW - rearing KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16605975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Laboratory+culture+of+the+pink+shrimp%2C+Penaeus+duorarum+%3A+Fecundity%2C+survival+and+growth.&rft.au=Cripe%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Cripe&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recirculating systems; shrimp culture; survival; laboratory culture; rearing; Penaeus duorarum; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of episodic acidification in Canada, Europe and the United States. AN - 16600440; 3044202 AB - Episodic acidification is practically a ubiquitous process in streams and drainage lakes in Canada, Europe and the United States. Depressions of pH are often smaller in systems with low pre-episode pH levels. Studies on European surface waters have reported episodes most frequently with minimum pH levels below 4.5. In Canada and the United States, studies have also reported a number of systems that have had minimum pH levels below 4.5. In all areas, change in water flowpath during hydrological events is a major determinant of episode characteristics. Episodic acidification is also controlled by a combination of other natural and anthropogenic factors. Base cation decreases are an important contributor to episodes in circumneutral streams and lakes. Sulphate pulses are generally important contributors to episodic acidification in Europe and Canada Nitrate pulses are generally more important to episodic acidification in the Northeast United States. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Wigington, PJ Jr AU - Davies, T D AU - Tranter, M AU - Eshleman, K N AD - U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 29 EP - 35 VL - 78 IS - 1-3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - episodic change KW - inland waters KW - streams KW - sulphates KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - lakes KW - nitrates KW - Europe KW - Freshwater KW - rivers KW - USA KW - Canada KW - freshwater pollution KW - acidification KW - pH KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16600440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+episodic+acidification+in+Canada%2C+Europe+and+the+United+States.&rft.au=Wigington%2C+PJ+Jr%3BDavies%2C+T+D%3BTranter%2C+M%3BEshleman%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Wigington&rft.aufirst=PJ&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Effects of acidic pollutants on freshwater plants and animals. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sulphates; hydrology; inland waters; freshwater pollution; lakes; nitrates; acidification; rivers; pH; streams; USA; Canada; Europe; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limiting factors in ground water remediation. AN - 16574261; 2988409 AB - If one is charged with restoring a contaminated aquifer today, the procedure of pumping contaminated water to the surface for treatment and discharge is most often the state-of-practice technology. The perceived success of pump-and-treat technology can be misleading if the hydrology and contaminant characteristics at the site are not adequately understood. A failure to understand the processes controlling contaminant transport can result in extremely long pumping periods and, consequently, costly and inefficient remediation. Effects of tailing, sorption, and residual immiscible fluids on time required for pump-and-treat remediation of ground water are discussed. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - Hall, C W AU - Johnson, JA AD - Robert S. Kerr Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 215 EP - 223 VL - 32 IS - 2-3 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - ground water KW - pollution dispersion KW - reclaimed water KW - remediation KW - transport processes KW - water reclamation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - groundwater pollution KW - pollution control KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q4 27480:Environmental Applications/Impact KW - A 01108:Other water systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16574261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Limiting+factors+in+ground+water+remediation.&rft.au=Hall%2C+C+W%3BJohnson%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ground water -- the problem and some solutions. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - groundwater pollution; transport processes; pollution dispersion; ground water; pollution control; water reclamation; reclaimed water; remediation; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of pollution in large-scale population disturbances. Part 2: Terrestrial populations AN - 16574033; 3641634 AB - In this month's article the authors discuss perturbations in terrestrial populations. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Sarokin, D AU - Schulkin, J AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1694 EP - 1701 VL - 26 IS - 9 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - habitats KW - population decline KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - pollution effects KW - terrestrial environments KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16574033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+pollution+in+large-scale+population+disturbances.+Part+2%3A+Terrestrial+populations&rft.au=Sarokin%2C+D%3BSchulkin%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sarokin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1694&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - terrestrial environments; pollution effects ER - TY - CONF T1 - EPA's Superfund technical support project. AN - 16573253; 3003535 AB - Remediation of hazardous waste sites, especially the subsurface component, is a relatively new, extremely complex, interdisciplinary science. Success is determined more by experience than by hardware. The Technical Support Project of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been very successful in minimizing the time between development of the science and application of that scientific knowledge to decision making in the field. The Technical Support Project not only transfers knowledge from research to the field but acts as a critical feedback mechanism for focusing research efforts on the highest priority and most productive areas. Requests for technical support to the Superfund program have increased dramatically through the years as Regional staff have become more familiar with the system and how to access the program. In 1991, EPA's Office of Solid Waste started an effort to extend the Technical Support Project to the RCRA corrective action program. RCRA corrective action may affect almost 4000 facilities and, although administrative efforts may differ, technical questions will be very similar to those addressed by Superfund. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - Scalf, M R Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 313 EP - 319 VL - 32 IS - 2-3 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - Superfund KW - hazardous wastes KW - disposal sites KW - remediation KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16573253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+Superfund+technical+support+project.&rft.au=Scalf%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Scalf&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Ground water -- the problem and some solutions. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing emissions and health effects of sources of indoor air contaminants. AN - 16534214; 2968369 AB - Over the past decade or so, indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a growing environmental issue. An increasing number of health and comfort problems have been reported in office buildings, schools, residences, and similar nonindustrial settings. Many books and scientific articles have dealt with the nature of IAQ problems. Concerns range from vague dissatisfaction to frank irritation to chronic disease. The concentrations of contaminants are often higher than found outdoors. Because most people spend 80% or more of their time indoors, their exposures to indoor contaminants are often higher still. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Tucker, W G AD - Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 6 VL - 641 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - indoor environments KW - pollution effects KW - contaminants KW - emissions KW - environmental health KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16534214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Characterizing+emissions+and+health+effects+of+sources+of+indoor+air+contaminants.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=641&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; indoor environments; contaminants; pollution effects; environmental health; emissions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal models for assessing the neurobehavioral impact of airborne pollutants. AN - 16533779; 2968237 AB - Growing concern over the potential health effects of airborne chemicals has fostered the need for animal models to complement and extend clinical and epidemiological studies. Animal models allow exploration of a much wider range of exposure conditions than is otherwise possible, and are essential for delving into the mechanisms of toxicity. Behavioral methods may be expected to play an important role in the development of animal models to address air quality issues. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - MacPhail, R C AU - Peele, D B AD - Neurotoxicol. Div., Health Effects Res. Lab., US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 294 EP - 303 VL - 641 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - behaviour KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - neurotoxicity KW - chemicals KW - air pollution KW - pollution effects KW - animals KW - mathematical models KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16533779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Animal+models+for+assessing+the+neurobehavioral+impact+of+airborne+pollutants.&rft.au=MacPhail%2C+R+C%3BPeele%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=MacPhail&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=641&rft.issue=&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; pollution effects; chemicals; animals; neurotoxicity; mathematical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing material sources and sinks: Current approaches. AN - 16532711; 2968298 AB - Indoor sources and their interaction with sinks play a major role in determining indoor air quality (IAQ). Methods for characterizing chemical emissions from material sources are discussed, including laboratory, dynamic chamber, and full-scale studies. Techniques for evaluating the behavior of indoor sinks are presented. Procedures for analyzing chamber test data to produce emission rates and adsorption/desorption rate constants are discussed, as is the use of these results in IAQ models to predict occupant exposure. Thoughts on how to link biological responses to source and sink emissions are presented, and source testing methods based on biological responses are briefly touched on. Finally, recommendations for future research are given. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Tichenor, BA AD - Indoor Air Branch, Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 63 EP - 78 VL - 641 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - combustion KW - air quality KW - indoor environments KW - construction materials KW - emissions KW - consumer products KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16532711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Characterizing+material+sources+and+sinks%3A+Current+approaches.&rft.au=Tichenor%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Tichenor&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=641&rft.issue=&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air quality; indoor environments; emissions; construction materials; combustion; consumer products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of neurobehavioral response in humans to low-level volatile organic compound sources. AN - 16532551; 2968194 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Otto, DA AD - Human Stud. Div., Health Effects Res. Lab., US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 248 EP - 260 VL - 641 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - behaviour KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - neurotoxicity KW - chemicals KW - air pollution KW - indoor environments KW - pollution effects KW - environmental health KW - volatile organic compounds KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16532551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+neurobehavioral+response+in+humans+to+low-level+volatile+organic+compound+sources.&rft.au=Otto%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Otto&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=641&rft.issue=&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - volatile organic compounds; pollution effects; indoor environments; neurotoxicity; air pollution; chemicals; environmental health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling indoor concentrations and exposures. AN - 16531835; 2968622 AB - The effects of indoor air pollutants depend on the concentrations of the pollutants and the exposure of individuals to the pollutants. The air pollutant concentrations are determined by the complex interactions of sources, sinks, in-building air movement, and air exchange between the indoors and the outdoors. Individual exposure to indoor pollutants is determined by the indoor pollutant concentrations and individual activity patterns. An assessment of the effects of indoor pollutants must include analysis of these complex interactions to ensure that the analysis is done under realistic conditions. The use of an IAQ model, exposure, to predict pollutant concentrations and exposures is presented. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Sparks, LE AD - Indoor Air Branch, Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 102 EP - 111 VL - 641 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - monitoring measurements KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - mathematical models KW - air pollution KW - environmental health KW - indoor environments KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16531835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+Superfund+technical+support+project.&rft.au=Scalf%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Scalf&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; indoor environments; environmental health; mathematical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of prophage lambda by chlorinated organics: Detection of some single-species/single-site carcinogens. AN - 16521542; 2961300 AB - Twenty-eight chlorinated organic compounds were evaluated for their ability to induce DNA damage using the Microscreen prophage-induction assay in Escherichia coli . Comparison of the performance characteristics of the prophage-induction and Salmonella assays to rodent carcinogenicity assays showed that the prophage-induction assay had a somewhat higher specificity than did the Salmonella assay (70% vs. 50%); sensitivity, concordance, and positive and negative predictivity were similar for the two microbial assays. The Microscreen prophage-induction assay failed to detect eight carcinogens, perhaps due to toxicity or other unknown factors; five of these eight carcinogens were detected by the Salmonella assay. The prophage-induction (or other SOS) assay may be useful in identifying some genotoxic chlorinated carcinogens that induce DNA damage that does not revert the standard Salmonella tester strains. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Brooks, H G AD - U.S. EPA (MD-68), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 98 EP - 111 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - carcinogens KW - prophages KW - phages KW - induction KW - damage KW - DNA repair KW - assays KW - detection KW - organochlorine compounds KW - DNA KW - G 07310:PHAGES-GREEK LETTER NAMES KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16521542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+prophage+lambda+by+chlorinated+organics%3A+Detection+of+some+single-species%2Fsingle-site+carcinogens.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BBrooks%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - phages; prophages; carcinogens; detection; DNA; damage; DNA repair; assays; induction; organochlorine compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling DO conditions in streams with dispersion. AN - 16507922; 2952983 AB - The authors are to be complimented for an interesting proposal about dynamic simulations of dissolved oxygen in streams. While it is a laudable goal to attempt to refocus interest on stream BOD-DO problems, this paper fails to address several important practical issues. First, the authors do not definitely establish the need for a dynamic analysis. Second, the authors have not taken the care to establish that the proposed approach holds any advantage over other methods, especially Lagrangian methods. Third, the authors "verify" the method with the perturbation solution from Li but do not validate the approach with existing field data. As a result, the paper is in need of a section on practical applications, normally required by ASCE. Regarding the definitive need for this work, the authors do correctly note that a dynamic analysis is necessary when spills occur. But spills of BOD, especially at the critical low flow conditions, are rare. Chemical spills occur more frequently but are not the topic of this paper. More frequently combined sewer overflows and urban runoff do cause unsteady dissolved oxygen concentrations, but these are normally accompanied by unsteady flows that the authors have failed to incorporate in their analysis at this stage. Variations in sewage treatment loads occur frequently but the resulting effect on stream DO is usually negligible. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - McCutcheon, S C AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 156 EP - 158 VL - 118 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - streams KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - physicochemical properties KW - mathematical models KW - organic matter KW - Freshwater KW - sewage disposal KW - biochemical oxygen demand KW - dissolved oxygen KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16507922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Modeling+DO+conditions+in+streams+with+dispersion.&rft.au=McCutcheon%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=McCutcheon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; biochemical oxygen demand; dissolved oxygen; physicochemical properties; mathematical models; organic matter; sewage disposal; streams; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of DNA strand breaks induced in rodent liver in vivo, hepatocytes in primary culture, and a human cell line by chlorinated acetic acids and chlorinated acetaldehydes. AN - 16507292; 2953343 AB - An alkaline unwinding assay was used to quantitate the induction of DNA strand breaks (DNA SB) in the livers of rats and mice treated in vivo, in rodent hepatocytes in primary culture, and in CCRF-CEM cells, a human lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, following treatment with tri- (TCA), di- (DCA), and mono- (MCA) chloroacetic acid and their corresponding aldehydes, tri- (chloral hydrate, CH), di- (DCAA) and mono- (CAA) chloroacetaldehyde. None of the chloroacetic acids induced DNA SB in the livers of rats at 4 hr following a single administration of 1-10 mmole/kg. TCA (10 mmole/kg) and DCA (5 and 10 mmole/kg) did produce a small amount of strand breakage in mice (7% at 4 hr) but not at 1 hr. N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA), an established alkylating agent and a rodent hepatocarcinogen, produced DNA SB in the livers of both species. TCA, DCA, and MCA also failed to induced DNA strand breaks in splenocytes and epithelial cells derived from the stomach and duodenum of mice treated in vivo. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Chang, L W AU - Daniel, F B AU - DeAngelo, AB AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., MD 68, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 277 EP - 288 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - chlorinated acetic acids KW - chlorinated acetaldehydes KW - rats KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - organochlorine compounds KW - breaks KW - DNA KW - man KW - cell lines KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16507292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+DNA+strand+breaks+induced+in+rodent+liver+in+vivo%2C+hepatocytes+in+primary+culture%2C+and+a+human+cell+line+by+chlorinated+acetic+acids+and+chlorinated+acetaldehydes.&rft.au=Chang%2C+L+W%3BDaniel%2C+F+B%3BDeAngelo%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA; breaks; cell lines; man; organochlorine compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative response of nestling European starlings and red-winged blackbirds to an oral administration of either dimethoate or chlorpyrifos. AN - 16500740; 2951512 AB - Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus ; blackbird) and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris ; starling) nestlings were dosed with either 2.0 mg/kg body mass chlorpyrifos, 50.0 mg/kg body mass dimethoate, or a propylene glycol carrier in situ. Four growth measurements (body mass, culmen, tarsus, wing) were recorded from nestlings to determine if these organophosphorus compounds caused perturbations in development at sublethal concentrations. Blackbird nestling were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than starling nestlings were more sensitive to dimethoate than blackbird nestlings. This was in contrast to reported adult LD sub(50) values where the reverse was true. Blackbird nestlings were more tolerant of a substantially higher concentration of dimethoate than the adult LD sub(50). The sensitivity of starling nestling to dimethoate was similar to adults. In contrast, juvenile of both species were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than adults. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Meyers, S M AU - Marden, B T AU - Bennett, R S AU - Bentley, R AD - ManTech Environ. Technol., Inc., U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 400 EP - 406 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - dimethoate KW - chlorpyrifos KW - pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - toxicity KW - Sturnus vulgaris KW - X 24131:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16500740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Comparative+response+of+nestling+European+starlings+and+red-winged+blackbirds+to+an+oral+administration+of+either+dimethoate+or+chlorpyrifos.&rft.au=Meyers%2C+S+M%3BMarden%2C+B+T%3BBennett%2C+R+S%3BBentley%2C+R&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agelaius phoeniceus; Sturnus vulgaris; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extrapolation modeling of aerosol deposition in human and laboratory rat lungs. AN - 16495703; 2940764 AB - Laboratory test animals are often used as surrogates in exposure studies to assess the potential threat to human health following inhalation of airborne contaminants. To aid in the interpretation and extrapolation of data to man, dosimetric considerations need to be addressed. Therefore, a mathematical model describing the behavior and fate of inhaled particulate matter within the respiratory tracts of man and rats has been developed. In the computer simulations, the CO sub(2) concentrations of inhalation exposure chamber atmospheres are controlled to produce desired breathing patterns in the rat that mimic human breathing patterns as functions of physical activity levels. The Soong et al. (1979) and Yeh et al. (1979) morphologies are used to describe human and rat lungs, respectively. Deposition patterns are specifically examined as functions of respiratory intensities and particle parameters. The model is validated with laboratory data from rat inhalation exposure tests. The theoretical model provides a basis for the reevaluation of data from past experiments and, perhaps most importantly, permits new inhalation exposure tests to be designed and conducted in a sound scientific manner. JF - Inhalation Toxicology AU - Martonen, T B AU - Zhang, Z AU - Yang, Y AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 303 EP - 324 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - deposition KW - models KW - man KW - rats KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - mathematical models KW - lung KW - aerosols KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16495703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Extrapolation+modeling+of+aerosol+deposition+in+human+and+laboratory+rat+lungs.&rft.au=Martonen%2C+T+B%3BZhang%2C+Z%3BYang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Martonen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; lung; rats; toxicity testing; mathematical models; deposition; models; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA priorities for biologic markers research in environmental health. AN - 16492182; 2944878 AB - Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology allow for measurement of biologic events or substances that may provide markers of exposure, effect, or susceptibility in humans. The application of these new and emerging techniques to environmental health offers the possibility of significantly reducing the uncertainties that traditionally hamper risk assessments. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health research program emphasizes the validation of appropriate biologic markers and their application to high-priority Agency issues. The rationale for EPA's biomarker research program is presented, and future research directions are discussed. Exposure biomarkers will receive most of the research emphasis in the near term, particularly body burden indicators of exposure to high-priority chemicals, such as benzene, ozone, selected heavy metals, and organophosphate pesticides. Research on effects biomarkers will attempt to validate the relationship between the observed biological effects and adverse health consequences in humans, especially for cancer, pulmonary toxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive/developmental toxicity. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fowle, JR III AU - Sexton, K AD - Office Health Res., U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 235 EP - 241 VL - 98 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - EPA priorities KW - exposure KW - markers KW - biomarkers KW - environmental health KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - risk assessment KW - toxicants KW - H SM6.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16492182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Infection+intensity+of+Perkinsus+marinus+disease+in+Crassostrea+virginica+%28Gmelin%2C+1791%29+from+the+Gulf+of+Mexico+maintained+under+different+laboratory+conditions&rft.au=Fisher%2C+W+S%3BGauthier%2C+J+D%3BWinstead%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicants; risk assessment; environmental health; exposure; markers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of direct-acting mutagens in ambient air: A comparison of two highly sensitive mutagenicity assays. AN - 16484300; 2934993 AB - In this study, two Salmonella test methods (the spiral and preincubation assays) were assessed to determine their usefulness as screening methods for monitoring direct-acting mutagens in ambient air. The spiral assay automates the conventional plate-incorporation assay and has been shown to reduce the labor, materials, and sample mass required to perform mutagenicity testing. The preincubation assay has been shown to enhance test sensitivity for certain classes of compound, thereby reducing the amount of sample required for dose-response analysis. Both assays were used to test organic extracts of airborne particulate matter collected in Tokyo during the winters of 1988 and 1990. In addition to the conventional tester strains TA98 and TA100, two newly developed YG strains were evaluated. Strains YG1024 and YG1029--derived from TA98 and TA100, respectively--contain an acetyltransferase plasmid that confers upon the strains greater sensitivity towards nitroarenes. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Houk, V S AU - Goto, S AU - Endo, O AU - Claxton, L D AU - Lewtas, J AU - Matsushita, H AD - Genet. Bioassay Branch (MD68A), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 19 EP - 28 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - mutagens KW - genotoxicity KW - Ames test KW - mutagenicity KW - assays KW - air KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16484300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Detection+of+direct-acting+mutagens+in+ambient+air%3A+A+comparison+of+two+highly+sensitive+mutagenicity+assays.&rft.au=Houk%2C+V+S%3BGoto%2C+S%3BEndo%2C+O%3BClaxton%2C+L+D%3BLewtas%2C+J%3BMatsushita%2C+H&rft.aulast=Houk&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genotoxicity; assays; mutagenicity; air; mutagens; Ames test ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of creosote from soil by bioslurry reactors. AN - 16480366; 2933653 AB - Biological slurry reactors were tested for removal of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from creosote contaminated soil. Five bioslurry reactors, operated in parallel, kept the soil aerated, partially suspended and well mixed. The reactors were inoculated with indigenous microbes of the Genus Pseudomonas . Nutrients were added to maintain the optimum ratio of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Temperature within the reactors was approximately 25 degree C. The slurry consisted of approximately 30% contaminated soil. Results of pilot studies showed that approximately 90% of the total PAHs were removed in the first two weeks. Total PAH concentration in the soil was reduced from approximately 10,973 mg/kg to 1,097 mg/kg. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Lauch, R P AU - Herrmann, J G AU - Mahaffey, W R AU - Jones, AB AU - Dosani, M AU - Hessling, J AD - Risk Reduction Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 265 EP - 271 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - creosote KW - polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons KW - soil remediation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - Pseudomonas KW - aromatic compounds KW - decontamination KW - slurries KW - bioreactors KW - soil KW - A 01105:Non-patents KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16480366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=Removal+of+creosote+from+soil+by+bioslurry+reactors.&rft.au=Lauch%2C+R+P%3BHerrmann%2C+J+G%3BMahaffey%2C+W+R%3BJones%2C+AB%3BDosani%2C+M%3BHessling%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lauch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress&rft.issn=02784491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; aromatic compounds; decontamination; slurries; bioreactors; soil; soil remediation; polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; Pseudomonas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a novel plasmid to monitor the fate of a genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida strain. AN - 16476237; 2930596 AB - Plasmid pSI30 was constructed to increase the sensitivity of detection of a genetically engineered micro-organism (GEM) and its recombinant DNA in environmental samples. This broad host-range, mobilizable plasmid contained chlorocatechol (clc) degradative genes, antibiotic resistance genes (ampicillin and kanamycin) and a fragment of eukaryotic DNA. The clc genes encode enzymes that convert 3-chlorocatechol to maleylacetic acid permitting the host, Pseudomonas putida RC-4, to grow on 3-chlorobenzoate. This catabolic phenotype was exploited using enrichment procedures to detect RC-4(pSI30) cells, free-living in the water column or when irreversibly bound to surfaces. The eukaryotic DNA sequence provided a unique target allowing positive identification by DNA:DNA hybridization. Using the eukaryotic DNA sequence as a probe, no transfer of the plasmid to indigenous bacteria was detected. Persistence of RC-4(pSI30) and its ability to multiply upon addition of 3-chlorobenzoate were demonstrated 78 days after its addition to natural freshwater. In flow-through microcosms RC-4(pSI30), undetectable as free-living cells, was found by enrichment as irreversibly bound sessile forms. These experiments revealed the stability of pSI30 and its utility in a "combination" detection system for tracking the survival of a GEM and its DNA in environmental samples. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Genthner, F J AU - Campbell, R P AU - Pritchard, PH AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 137 EP - 143 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - 3-chlorobenzoic acid KW - chlorocatechol KW - constriction KW - genetic engineering KW - plasmid pSI30 KW - recombinant organisms KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - monitoring KW - genes KW - environmental impact KW - detection KW - plasmids KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - growth KW - microorganisms KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q4 27170:Microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa) KW - G 07203:Plasmids KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16476237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+novel+plasmid+to+monitor+the+fate+of+a+genetically+engineered+Pseudomonas+putida+strain.&rft.au=Genthner%2C+F+J%3BCampbell%2C+R+P%3BPritchard%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Genthner&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology&rft.issn=09621083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - monitoring; detection; genes; environmental impact; plasmids; microorganisms; growth; genetic engineering; Pseudomonas putida ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of operating variables on PAH emissions and mutagenicity of emissions from woodstoves. AN - 16474794; 36332 AB - As part of the Integrated Air Cancer Project, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has conducted field emission measurement programs in Raleigh, North Carolina, and Boise, Idaho, to identify the potential mutagenic impact of residential wood burning and motor vehicles on ambient and indoor air. These studies included the collection of emission samples from chimneys serving wood burning appliances. Parallel projects were undertaken in instrumented woodstove test laboratories to quantify woodstove emissions during operations typical of in-house usage but under more controlled conditions. Three woodstoves were operated in test laboratories over a range of burnrates, burning eastern oak, southern yellow pine, or western white pine. Two conventional stoves were tested at an altitude of 90 m. One of the conventional stoves and a catalytic stove were tested at an altitude of 825 m. Decreasing burnrate increased total particulate emissions from the conventional stoves while the catalytic stove's total particulate emissions were unaffected. There was no correlation of total particulate emissions with altitude whereas total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions were higher at the lower altitude. Mutagenicity of the catalytic stove emissions was higher than emissions from the conventional stove. Emissions from burning pine were more mutagenic than emissions from oak. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - McCrillis, Robert C AU - Watts, Randall R AU - Warren, Sarah H AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 691 EP - 694 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Field emission measurements KW - Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP) KW - Operating variables effects KW - PAH emissions KW - Particulate emissions KW - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) KW - Stoves KW - Woodstoves emissions KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Mutagens KW - EE 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 451:AIR POLLUTION KW - W4 521:FUEL COMBUSTION AND FLAME RESEARCH KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - EE 811:CELLULOSE, PAPER AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - EE 461:BIOENGINEERING KW - EE 451:AIR POLLUTION KW - W4 461:BIOENGINEERING KW - W4 811:CELLULOSE, PAPER AND WOOD PRODUCTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - EE 521:FUEL COMBUSTION AND FLAME RESEARCH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16474794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Effects+of+operating+variables+on+PAH+emissions+and+mutagenicity+of+emissions+from+woodstoves.&rft.au=McCrillis%2C+Robert+C%3BWatts%2C+Randall+R%3BWarren%2C+Sarah+H&rft.aulast=McCrillis&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Mutagens; Aromatic hydrocarbons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Periphyton photosynthesis as an indicator of effluent toxicity: Relationship to effects on animal test species. AN - 16471188; 2918789 AB - The use of freshwater and marine plants in effluent toxicity evaluations is uncommon despite the presence of test methods and recommendations for their use. It has been assumed that aquatic plants are less sensitive than animal test species and consequently, results from toxicity tests with invertebrates and fish have been used often as a surrogate data base. This study evaluated the ability of these animal toxicity tests to provide "safe" concentrations for in-stream periphyton. The toxicity of several samples of a treated municipal effluent were determined during a five-month period by monitoring short-term changes in periphyton photosynthesis (carbon-14 uptake) and by observing the effects on young production and survival of cultured daphnids and the fathead minnow. The effect levels from the various tests were compared. The effluent was seldom acutely toxic to Daphnia magna and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas ) but it was consistently acutely and chronically toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia . Chronic effect levels ranged between 17 and 71% effluent. The results indicate that effluent toxicity tests conducted routinely with daphnids and fish may not be sufficient to predict effects on indigenous flora in receiving waters. Therefore, estimates of phytotoxicity are needed if effective risk assessments for effluents are to be made. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Lewis, MA AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Sabine I., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 279 EP - 288 VL - 23 IS - 3-4 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - comparative studies KW - industrial effluents KW - phytotoxicity KW - pollution indicators KW - test organisms KW - toxicity testing KW - toxicity tests KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - Freshwater KW - Daphnia magna KW - Ceriodaphnia dubia KW - effluents KW - bioassays KW - Pimephales promelas KW - aquatic organisms KW - periphyton KW - K 03099:Pollution KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16471188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Periphyton+photosynthesis+as+an+indicator+of+effluent+toxicity%3A+Relationship+to+effects+on+animal+test+species.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - photosynthesis; aquatic organisms; test organisms; comparative studies; pollution indicators; periphyton; effluents; bioassays; toxicity tests; toxicity testing; industrial effluents; phytotoxicity; Ceriodaphnia dubia; Pimephales promelas; Daphnia magna; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absorption, distribution and elimination of selenium as L-selenomethionine in non-human primates. AN - 16468518; 2917766 AB - 20 adult female macaques (Macaca fascicularis ) were given oral doses of L-selenomethionine (L-SeMet) equivalent to 0, 25, 150, 300 and 600 mu g selenium (Se)/kg body weight, and plasma, erythrocyte, hair, faecal and urine Se concentrations were determined. The macaques were scheduled for 30 daily oral doses of L-SeMet, but systemic toxicity necessitated dose reduction in several animals; two macaques given 600 mu g Se/kg body weight/day for 10-15 days died, and the concentration of Se in their tissues was determined and compared with Se concentrations in tissues collected from one untreated animal. Circulating and urinary Se concentrations in control macaques were within the normal human ranges. Plasma, erythrocyte, hair and urinary Se concentrations were generally dependent on the dose of L-SeMet administered. Plasma Se reflected more immediately exposure to L-SeMet, whereas erythrocyte Se concentrations increased and decreased more slowly. In some cases, erythrocyte Se was still increasing or showed a plateau after L-SeMet treatment was discontinued. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Willhite, C C AU - Hawkes, W C AU - Omaye, ST AU - Choy, W N AU - Cox, D N AU - Cukierski, MJ AD - Dep. Toxic Subst. Control, California EPA, 700 Heinz St., Suite 200, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 903 EP - 913 VL - 30 IS - 11 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - selenium KW - monkeys KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - absorption KW - elimination KW - distribution KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16468518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Absorption%2C+distribution+and+elimination+of+selenium+as+L-selenomethionine+in+non-human+primates.&rft.au=Willhite%2C+C+C%3BHawkes%2C+W+C%3BOmaye%2C+ST%3BChoy%2C+W+N%3BCox%2C+D+N%3BCukierski%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Willhite&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; distribution; elimination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of sulfur dioxide on the formation mechanism of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran in municipal waste combustors. AN - 16465468; 2925595 AB - The effect of sulfur dioxide on the formation mechanism of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) in the postcombustion, downstream region (500-300 degree C) of a municipal waste combustor (MWC) was investigated. Laboratory experiments simulating the flue gases and particle environment of an MWC examined PCDD production under varying conditions. The findings suggest that the apparent lack of PCDD and PCDF in the emissions from coal-fired combustors may be due to the relatively high concentrations of SO sub(2). JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Gullett, B K AU - Bruce, K R AU - Beach, LO AD - Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1938 EP - 1943 VL - 26 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - sulphur dioxide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - emissions KW - combustion KW - flue gas KW - air pollution KW - municipal wastes KW - coal KW - PCDF KW - PCDD KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16465468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+sulfur+dioxide+on+the+formation+mechanism+of+polychlorinated+dibenzodioxin+and+dibenzofuran+in+municipal+waste+combustors.&rft.au=Gullett%2C+B+K%3BBruce%2C+K+R%3BBeach%2C+LO&rft.aulast=Gullett&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1938&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PCDD; PCDF; combustion; coal; emissions; air pollution; municipal wastes; flue gas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of hexavalent chromium in sludge incinerator emissions using ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. AN - 16463399; 2925608 AB - A unique approach is described using ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in wastewater sludge incinerator emissions. Quartz fiber filters, spiked with an isotopically enriched ( super(50)Cr or super(53)Cr) chromate salt, were used to collect emission particulates. The enriched Cr(VI) isotope was used to monitor the reduction of Cr(VI) during sample collection using a pseudo-first-order reaction model and to calculate the rate of deposition of native Cr(VI) on the filters. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Arar, E J AU - Long, SE AU - Martin, T D AU - Gold, S AD - Technology Applications, Inc., U.S. EPA, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1944 EP - 1949 VL - 26 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chromatography KW - emissions KW - mass spectroscopy KW - particulates KW - incinerators KW - sewage sludge KW - air sampling KW - sampling methods KW - chromium KW - filters KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16463399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+hexavalent+chromium+in+sludge+incinerator+emissions+using+ion+chromatography+and+inductively+coupled+plasma+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Arar%2C+E+J%3BLong%2C+SE%3BMartin%2C+T+D%3BGold%2C+S&rft.aulast=Arar&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1944&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sewage sludge; incinerators; emissions; chromatography; mass spectroscopy; filters; particulates; chromium; sampling methods; air sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of source testing, analytical, and mutagenicity bioassay procedures for evaluating emissions from municipal and hospital waste combustors. AN - 16458606; 2926088 AB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency laboratories are cooperatively conducting research aimed at developing new testing equipment and procedures that will allow a more comprehensive assessment of the complex mixture of organics that is present in stack emissions. These efforts are directed specifically toward developing source testing equipment and procedures, analytical procedures, and bioassay procedures. The objectives of this study were to field test two types of high-volume source dilution samplers, collect stack samples for use in developing analytical and mutagenicity bioassay procedures, and determine mutagenicity of organics associated with emission particles from two municipal waste combustors and a hospital waste combustor. Data are presented for particle concentrations and emission rates, extractable organic concentrations and emission rates, and Salmonella (Ames) mutagenic potency and emission rates. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Watts, R R AU - Lemieux, P M AU - Grote, R A AU - Lowans, R W AU - Williams, R W AU - Brooks, L R AU - Warren, SH AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Bell, DA AU - Lewtas, J AD - U.S. EPA, MD-68A, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 227 EP - 234 VL - 98 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - waste management KW - emissions KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - solid wastes KW - bioassays KW - incinerators KW - combustion KW - mutagens KW - hospitals KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - H SM1.1:BASIC APPROACHES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16458606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Development+of+source+testing%2C+analytical%2C+and+mutagenicity+bioassay+procedures+for+evaluating+emissions+from+municipal+and+hospital+waste+combustors.&rft.au=Watts%2C+R+R%3BLemieux%2C+P+M%3BGrote%2C+R+A%3BLowans%2C+R+W%3BWilliams%2C+R+W%3BBrooks%2C+L+R%3BWarren%2C+SH%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M%3BBell%2C+DA%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - solid wastes; waste management; incinerators; emissions; hospitals; bioassays; combustion; mutagens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of para-dichlorobenzene emissions from solid moth repellant as a source of indoor air pollution. AN - 16456551; 2921877 AB - Mothcakes made of para-dichlorobenzene have been widely available for the general population to be used as a moth repellant to protect garments from insect damage. Usually, a mothcake is expected to last for weeks or even months during which the paradichlorobenzene emits slowly as evidenced by the characteristic odor in the room and the house where the mothcake is located. Concerns have been raised about the possible indoor air pollution caused by the para-dichlorobenzene derived from mothcakes. The objectives of this paper are to analyze the existing and the newly developed mothcake emission data and to investigate the para-dichlorobenzene mass transfer mechanism. A mathematical model was established to quantitatively describe the behavior of mothcakes as a source of indoor air pollution. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Chang, JCS AU - Krebs, KA AD - Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1214 EP - 1217 VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - mothcakes KW - para dichlorobenzene KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - emissions KW - indoor environments KW - mathematical models KW - air pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16456551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+para-dichlorobenzene+emissions+from+solid+moth+repellant+as+a+source+of+indoor+air+pollution.&rft.au=Chang%2C+JCS%3BKrebs%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=JCS&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; indoor environments; emissions; mathematical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-carcinogenic effects of inorganic arsenic. AN - 16448047; 2910951 AB - This review will focus primarily on the effects of the inorganic arsenicals (arsenate and arsenite forms) that are present in drinking water. They are acutely toxic to both humans and animals, and effect that may be related to their bioavailability. In humans, arsenicals have been reported to cause dermatitis and mucous membrane irritation upon exposure. They have also been reported to cause skin lesions and peripheral neurotoxicity in smelter workers and in patients treated with Fowler's Solution. When humans are exposed to arsenic in drinking water, effects such as hyperkeratosis, electromyographic abnormalities and vascular effects have been reported. In experimental animals, arsenic has been demonstrated to affect the liver and kidneys. In mice, arsenic has also reported to decrease the animals resistance to certain viral infections. The arsenite (+3) and arsenate (+5) forms have different modes of action. JF - Environmental Geochemistry and Health AU - Abernathy, C O AU - Ohanian, E V AD - Hum. Risk Assess. Branch (WH-586), Off. Sci. and Technol., Off. Water, U.S. EPA 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 35 EP - 41 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0269-4042, 0269-4042 KW - arsenic KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - drinking water KW - toxicity KW - reviews KW - risk assessment KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16448047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.atitle=Non-carcinogenic+effects+of+inorganic+arsenic.&rft.au=Abernathy%2C+C+O%3BOhanian%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Abernathy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.issn=02694042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Arsenic. N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; toxicity; drinking water; risk assessment; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human carcinogenesis by arsenic. AN - 16446110; 2910998 AB - Arsenic is one of the few human carcinogens for which there is not yet a reliable animal cancer model. As such, the classification of arsenic as a carcinogen is based upon data derived from human epidemiologic studies. Although the mechanisms of action of arsenic as a toxic agent have been known for many years, the inability to produce cancer with arsenic in laboratory animals has confounded the operational characterisation of arsenic as initiator, promoter, complete carcinogen, or cocarcinogen for humans. Arsenic is clearly a genotoxic agent that induces chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange in mammalian cells as well as neoplastically transforms Syrian hamster embryo cells; however, it is not a classical point mutagen. This paper reviews some of the scientifically based issues relating to arsenic and risk assessment. JF - Environmental Geochemistry and Health AU - Mass, MJ AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, MD-68, Genet. Toxicol. Div., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 49 EP - 54 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0269-4042, 0269-4042 KW - arsenic KW - humans KW - biology KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - genotoxicity KW - carcinogenesis KW - risk assessment KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - H SM10.21:CANCER UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16446110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.atitle=Human+carcinogenesis+by+arsenic.&rft.au=Mass%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Mass&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.issn=02694042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Arsenic. N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; carcinogenesis; humans; genotoxicity; risk assessment; biology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of arsenic in drinking water: Research needs. AN - 16445531; 2911079 AB - Research needed to resolve the uncertainties of cancer risk from ingestion of arsenic in drinking water is described. The recommendations fall into two categories reflecting the areas of greatest uncertainty regarding the assessment of arsenic risk: research on the mechanism of cancer, and research on the metabolism and detoxification of arsenic. The recommendations are discussed in light of risk assessment and risk management issues, stressing the need for scientists to interpret research findings for decision managers. JF - Environmental Geochemistry and Health AU - Fowle, JR II AD - Off. Health Res. (RD-683), U.S. EPA, 401 M St., NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 63 EP - 68 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0269-4042, 0269-4042 KW - research and development KW - government policy KW - arsenic KW - geochemistry KW - EPA KW - federal regulations KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - water quality KW - detoxification KW - public health KW - drinking water KW - carcinogenesis KW - metabolism KW - risk assessment KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - H SM10.21:CANCER KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16445531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+arsenic+in+drinking+water%3A+Research+needs.&rft.au=Fowle%2C+JR+II&rft.aulast=Fowle&rft.aufirst=JR&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.issn=02694042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Arsenic. N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; drinking water; carcinogenesis; metabolism; risk assessment; detoxification; public health; geochemistry; water quality; EPA; federal regulations; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism and disposition of inorganic arsenic in laboratory animals and humans. AN - 16445283; 2910976 AB - The carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic in humans, particularly in the lung and skin, has been reasonable well established through epidemiological investigations. However, there is no substantial experimental evidence for carcinogenicity in animals to support the human studies. Studies of metabolism and disposition of inorganic arsenic in various animal species are particularly relevant to determining the factors that might account for the lack of an animal model. Sulphur chemistry, especially thiol status, is emerging as an important regulating factor in the overall fate and distribution of inorganic arsenic in the body, playing a role in the initial reduction of arsenate to arsenite and subsequent methylation, and possibly in determining tissue affinity and distribution properties. The metabolism of inorganic arsenic can be viewed as a redox cycle in which thiol compounds such as glutathione (GSH) possibly function as reducing agents and methyl donors as oxidizing agents. JF - Environmental Geochemistry and Health AU - McKinney, J D AD - Environ. Toxicol. Div., Health Effects Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 43 EP - 48 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0269-4042, 0269-4042 KW - arsenic KW - laboratory testing KW - humans KW - sulphur KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - carcinogenesis KW - animals KW - metabolism KW - chemistry KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16445283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.atitle=Metabolism+and+disposition+of+inorganic+arsenic+in+laboratory+animals+and+humans.&rft.au=McKinney%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=McKinney&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.issn=02694042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Arsenic. N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; animals; laboratory testing; humans; carcinogenesis; metabolism; chemistry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative immunosuppression of various glycol ethers orally administered to Fischer 344 rats. AN - 16443062; 2909097 AB - Oral dosing of adult male F344 rats with the glycol ether 2-methoxyethanol (ME) or its principal metabolite 2-methoxyacetic acid (MAA) results in the suppression of the primary plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS). In the present study, the PFC response to TNP-LPS was used to evaluate the immunotoxic potential of ethylene glycol (EG) as well as the glycol ethers 2-methoxyethyl acetate (MEA), 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethanol, bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, 2-ethoxyethanol and its principal metabolite 2-ethoxyacetic acid, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, and 2-butoxyethanol relative to ME and MAA. Rats were immunized with TNP-LPS and then exposed 4 and 28 hr later to 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of glycol ether or EG. Three days following immunization, the PFC response to TNP-LPS was determined. In addition to ME and MAA, only MEA, which was as effective as ME, suppressed the PFC response to TNP-LPS. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Smialowicz, R J AU - Williams, W C AU - Riddle, M M AU - Andrews, D L AU - Luebke, R W AU - Copeland, C B AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 621 EP - 627 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - glycol ethers KW - rats KW - Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - immunosuppression KW - oral administration KW - F 06791:Experimental KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16443062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparative+immunosuppression+of+various+glycol+ethers+orally+administered+to+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=Smialowicz%2C+R+J%3BWilliams%2C+W+C%3BRiddle%2C+M+M%3BAndrews%2C+D+L%3BLuebke%2C+R+W%3BCopeland%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Smialowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunosuppression; oral administration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid efficient production of baculovirus expression vectors. AN - 16439793; 2914130 AB - Recombinant baculoviruses have been used to produce foreign proteins and have the potential to be safe, efficacious insecticides. Isolation of recombinant virus is usually by plaque phenotype. Typical recombination rates are less than 1%, thus requiring time consuming inspection of hundreds of individual plaques. We describe a method of generating recombinants which requires less time than current protocols and frequently produces recombinants at rates exceeding 30%. This protocol employs liposome-mediated transfection, reduced post-transfection incubation times, linearized parental virus which produces occlusion positive plaques in clones of the parental genotype, and colorimetric detection of recombinants. This protocol allows the initial, and frequently the final, isolation of recombinants in 7 days. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Hartig, P C AU - Cardon, M C AD - Mail Drop 67, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 61 EP - 70 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - baculovirus KW - cloning vectors KW - Autographa californica KW - gene expression KW - Noctuidae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16439793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Rapid+efficient+production+of+baculovirus+expression+vectors.&rft.au=Hartig%2C+P+C%3BCardon%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Hartig&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cloning vectors; gene expression; baculovirus; Autographa californica; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Column studies on BTEX biodegradation under microaerophilic and denitrifying conditions. AN - 16436622; 27973 AB - Two column tests were conducted using aquifer material to simulate the nitrate field demonstration project carried out earlier at Traverse City, Michigan. The objectives were to better define the effect nitrate addition had on biodegradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and trimethylbenzenes (BTEX) in the field study, and to determine whether BTEX removal can be enhanced by supplying a limited amount of oxygen as a supplemental electron acceptor. Columns were operated using limited oxygen, limited oxygen plus nitrate, and nitrate alone. In the first column study, benzene was generally recalcitrant compared to the alkylbenzenes (TEX), although some removal did occur. The average benzene breakthroughs were 74.3 plus or minus 5.8%, 75.9 plus or minus 12.1%, and 63.1 plus or minus 9.6% in the columns with limited oxygen, limited oxygen plus nitrate, and nitrate alone, respectively, whereas the corresponding average effluent TEX breakthroughs were 22.9 plus or minus 2.3%, 2.9 plus or minus 1.1%, and 4.3 plus or minus 3.3%. In the second column study, nitrate was deleted from the feed to the column originally receiving nitrate alone and added to the feed of the column originally receiving limited oxygen alone. Benzene breakthrough was similar for each column. Breakthrough of TEX decreased by an order of magnitude once nitrate was added to the microaerophilic column, whereas TEX breakthrough increased by 50-fold once nitrate was removed from the denitrifying column. Although the requirement for nitrate for optimum TEX removal was clearly demonstrated in these columns, there were significant contributions by biotic and abiotic processes other than denitrification which could not be quantified. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - Hutchins AU - Moolenaar, S W AU - Rhodes, DE AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 195 EP - 214 VL - 32 IS - 2-3 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Abiotic process KW - Benzene KW - Biotic process KW - Denitrifying column KW - Electron acceptor KW - Ethylbenzene KW - Nitrates KW - Oxygen KW - Toluene KW - Trimethylbenzenes KW - Xylene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Denitrification KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16436622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Column+studies+on+BTEX+biodegradation+under+microaerophilic+and+denitrifying+conditions.&rft.au=Hutchins%3BMoolenaar%2C+S+W%3BRhodes%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biodegradation; Denitrification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorination of drinking water and cancer: A review. AN - 16430086; 2907348 AB - In 1904, the quest for safe water led to the introduction of water chlorination. In water treatment plants, chlorine is usually added in the form of free chlorine or hypochlorites. Chlorine reacts with a wide variety of substances, including ammonia, and chlorination of water to the point at which all ammonia is converted to trichloramine is called "break-point chlorination". It was not until 1974 that research conducted in the Netherlands and the U.S. showed the presence of trihalomethanes (THMs) in treated drinking water. THMs have been shown to be carcinogenic and toxic, and these substances are a source of cancer of the kidney and liver. JF - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology AU - Mughal, F H AD - EPA, Gov. Sindh, F1/B2, Block 7, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 287 EP - 292 VL - 11 IS - 5-6 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - trihalomethanes KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - drinking water KW - water treatment KW - chlorination KW - cancer KW - public health KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - H SM10.21:CANCER KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16430086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.atitle=Chlorination+of+drinking+water+and+cancer%3A+A+review.&rft.au=Mughal%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Mughal&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Pathology%2C+Toxicology+and+Oncology&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drinking water; chlorination; cancer; water treatment; public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Malformation of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas ) in an ecosystem with elevated selenium concentrations. AN - 16425134; 2903470 AB - The purpose of this experiment was to determine if the combined dietary and waterborne selenium (water concentrations of 10 and 30 mu g/l) in a seminatural ecosystem, over an extended time period, would cause abnormal development in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas ) as observed in the late juvenile and early adult stages. This study was conducted in outdoor experimental streams concurrently with a bluegill-selenium toxicity study. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Hermanutz, RO AD - US EPA, Monticello Ecol., Res. Stn., P.O. Box 5000, Monticello, MN 55362, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 290 EP - 294 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - abnormalities KW - biological development KW - development KW - ecosystem models KW - exposure tolerance KW - selenium KW - streams KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Pimephales promelas KW - pollution effects KW - X 24164:Pathology KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16425134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Malformation+of+the+fathead+minnow+%28Pimephales+promelas+%29+in+an+ecosystem+with+elevated+selenium+concentrations.&rft.au=Hermanutz%2C+RO&rft.aulast=Hermanutz&rft.aufirst=RO&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=892&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - exposure tolerance; biological development; selenium; abnormalities; pollution effects; development; ecosystem models; streams; Pimephales promelas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation between chemical suppression of natural killer cell activity in mice and susceptibility to cytomegalovirus: Rationale for applying murine cytomegalovirus as a host resistance model and for interpreting immunotoxicity testing in terms of risk of disease. AN - 16422294; 2908094 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between chemical suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice and chemical effects on susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. The goal was to provide a rational basis for applying MCMV as a host resistance model for immunotoxicity testing and to provide risk assessors some guidance in relating suppression of NK cell activity to enhanced risk of disease. Data from studies with eight chemicals administered in various doses and by various routes were evaluated, and a significant correlation was observed between chemical suppression of virus-augmented NK cell activity and increased mortality due to MCMV infection. The data indicate that MCMV is a useful host resistance model to be applied in immunotoxicity testing when suppression of NK cell activity has been demonstrated. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Selgrade, M AU - Daniels, MJ AU - Dean, J H AD - 92, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 123 EP - 137 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - cytomegalovirus (murine) KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - immunosuppression KW - natural killer cells KW - susceptibility KW - toxicants KW - activity KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - F 06791:Experimental KW - V 22122:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16422294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Correlation+between+chemical+suppression+of+natural+killer+cell+activity+in+mice+and+susceptibility+to+cytomegalovirus%3A+Rationale+for+applying+murine+cytomegalovirus+as+a+host+resistance+model+and+for+interpreting+immunotoxicity+testing+in+terms+of+risk+of+disease.&rft.au=Selgrade%2C+M%3BDaniels%2C+MJ%3BDean%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Selgrade&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicants; immunosuppression; natural killer cells; activity; susceptibility ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serological cross-reactions between Escherichia coli O157 and other species of the genus Escherichia . AN - 16422128; 2906642 AB - The antigenic relatedness of Escherichia coli O157 and four sorbitol-negative species of the genus Escherichia was examined. Isolates of Escherichia hermannii, E. fergusonii, E. vulneris , and E. blattae were tested in the tube agglutination assay by using polyclonal antisera and in the slide agglutination assay by using latex reagents. Only four isolates (17%) of E. hermannii exhibited serological cross-reactivity. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Rice, E W AU - Sowers, E G AU - Johnson, CH AU - Dunnigan, ME AU - Strockbine, NA AU - Edberg, S C AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1315 EP - 1316 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - cross-reactions KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - antigenic characteristics KW - species KW - Escherichia KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16422128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Serological+cross-reactions+between+Escherichia+coli+O157+and+other+species+of+the+genus+Escherichia+.&rft.au=Rice%2C+E+W%3BSowers%2C+E+G%3BJohnson%2C+CH%3BDunnigan%2C+ME%3BStrockbine%2C+NA%3BEdberg%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia; species; antigenic characteristics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Beauveria bassiana on embryos of the inland silverside fish (Menidia beryllina ). AN - 16418221; 2902400 AB - A chemical toxicity and teratogenicity test was adapted to assess potential adverse effects of a microbial pest control agent on a nontarget fish. Developing embryos of the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina , were exposed to conidiospores of the insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana . Embryo rupture and death were observed. Embryo rupture did not always result in death, nor was death always associated with embryo rupture. Adherence of spores to the chorion, followed by germination and penetration by the germ tube, probably caused the embryos to rupture. Statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) responses were observed in tests in which conidiospore concentrations were greater than or equal to 3.8 x 10 super(4) or less than or equal to 1.5 x 10 super(6)/ml. Conidiospores treated with a dispersant (biological detergent) showed significantly less binding (P less than or equal to 0.01) to embryos than did untreated spores. Both detergent-treated and heat-killed spores failed to cause significant adverse effects. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Genthner, F J AU - Middaugh, D P AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2840 EP - 2845 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fish larvae KW - fungal diseases KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Menidia beryllina KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - biological control KW - toxicology KW - Brackish KW - embryos KW - pest control KW - teratology KW - pollution effects KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - Q1 08341:General KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16418221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Beauveria+bassiana+on+embryos+of+the+inland+silverside+fish+%28Menidia+beryllina+%29.&rft.au=Genthner%2C+F+J%3BMiddaugh%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Genthner&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2840&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - embryos; biological control; fungal diseases; pest control; teratology; toxicology; pollution effects; fish larvae; Menidia beryllina; Beauveria bassiana; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiology of rainwater cistern systems: a review. AN - 16399660; 25332 AB - Many parts of the world do not have community water systems or have systems so badly in need of maintenance and repair that individually maintained water systems are still considered to be an appropriate and important source of potable water. The collection of rainwater by individuals using a cistern storage system is currently practiced in almost every nation in the world. A survey of American State Health Departments revealed that there are an estimated 253, 815 cistern systems still in use in the United States. The scientific community is often reluctant to promote individually maintained water systems (such as rainwater catchment - cistern storage systems) as being equal in quality to centrally maintained community water systems because domestic cistern systems are typically under maintained, not disinfected, and fall short of current microbiological guidelines for potable water. This review article provides information about the current use of rainwater catchment systems in the United States. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering & Toxic and Hazardous Substance Control AU - Lye, Dennis J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2123 EP - 2166 VL - 27 IS - 8 SN - 0360-1226, 0360-1226 KW - Cisterns KW - Potable water sources KW - Rainwater KW - Rainwater catchment systems KW - Water bacteriology KW - Water supply KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Microbiology KW - Microorganisms KW - Rain KW - EE 446.1:WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS KW - W4 446.1:WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS KW - EE 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - EE 444.1:SURFACE WATER KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 444.1:SURFACE WATER UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16399660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Environmental+Science+and+Engineering+%26+Toxic+and+Hazardous+Substance+Control&rft.atitle=Microbiology+of+rainwater+cistern+systems%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Lye%2C+Dennis+J&rft.aulast=Lye&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Environmental+Science+and+Engineering+%26+Toxic+and+Hazardous+Substance+Control&rft.issn=03601226&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microbiology; Microorganisms; Rain ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pilot-scale evaluation of an incinerability ranking system for hazardous organic compounds. AN - 16397064; 2869348 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) hazardous waste incinerator performance standards specify a minimum destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) for principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) designated in the incinerator waste feed. In the past, selection of appropriate POHCs for incinerator trial burns has been based largely on their heats of combustion. Attempting to improve upon this approach, the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI), under contract to the EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, has developed a thermal stability-based ranking of compound "incinerability". The subject study was conducted to evaluate the laboratory-developed ranking system in a pilot-scale incinerator. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Carroll, G J AU - Thurnau, R C AU - Lee, J W AU - Waterland, L R AU - Dellinger, B AU - Taylor, PH AD - U.S. EPA, Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1430 EP - 1436 VL - 42 IS - 11 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - incineration KW - hazardous wastes KW - federal regulations KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16397064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Pilot-scale+evaluation+of+an+incinerability+ranking+system+for+hazardous+organic+compounds.&rft.au=Carroll%2C+G+J%3BThurnau%2C+R+C%3BLee%2C+J+W%3BWaterland%2C+L+R%3BDellinger%2C+B%3BTaylor%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; hazardous wastes; incineration; federal regulations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isotope fractionation associated with ammonium uptake by a marine bacterium. AN - 16395974; 2881076 AB - Bacteria can account for a large fraction of total NH sub(4) super(+) uptake in both pelagic and benthic marine environments. super(15)N natural abundance was examined to understand the effect of NH sub(4) super(+) uptake by bacteria on nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry. Isotope fractionation ( sigma ) for NH sub(4) super(+) uptake by the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi) changed from -4 to -27 ppt when cells were grown on 23-182 mu M NH sub(4) super(+) and then from -27 to -14 ppt when the NH sub(4) super(+) concentration increased to 23.3 mM. Changes in fractionation correlated with a switch in the pathway of NH sub(4) super(+) uptake from membrane diffusion of NH sub(3) and assimilation catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase at millimolar NH sub(4) super(+) to active ammonium transport (Amt) and assimilation catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GS) at micromolar NH sub(4) super(+). This transition occurred between 0.1 and 1 mM NH sub(4) super(+). Isotope fractionation associated with NH sub(4) super(+) uptake by marine bacteria appears to depend on the membrane transport mechanism and the ammonium assimilation enzymes. Depending on NH sub(4) super(+) concentrations, marine bacteria using NH sub(4) super(+) for growth may partly account for variation in the isotope composition of NH sub(4) super(+) and particulate organic N in the water column and sediments of marine environments. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Hoch, M P AU - Fogel, M L AU - Kirchman, D L AD - Texas A&M Univ., c/o US EPA-GBERL, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1447 EP - 1459 VL - 37 IS - 7 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - ammonium KW - chemical kinetics KW - isotope fractionation KW - marine microorganisms KW - microbiological culture KW - nitrogen isotopes KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - uptake KW - ammonia KW - enzymatic activity KW - Vibrio harveyi KW - bacteria KW - Q1 08206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16395974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Isotope+fractionation+associated+with+ammonium+uptake+by+a+marine+bacterium.&rft.au=Hoch%2C+M+P%3BFogel%2C+M+L%3BKirchman%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Hoch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - isotope fractionation; uptake; chemical kinetics; bacteria; enzymatic activity; ammonia; microbiological culture; nitrogen isotopes; marine microorganisms; Vibrio harveyi; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Composting and agriculture converge. AN - 16395153; 2883565 AB - Many activities related to utilization of yard cuttings are underway by cities and states that create composting connections to farming and the agricultural community. JF - Biocycle AU - Kashmanian, R AD - Off. Policy, Planning and Eval., US EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 38 EP - 40 VL - 33 IS - 9 SN - 0276-5055, 0276-5055 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - composting KW - domestic wastes KW - waste management KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16395153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocycle&rft.atitle=Composting+and+agriculture+converge.&rft.au=Kashmanian%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kashmanian&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocycle&rft.issn=02765055&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - composting; domestic wastes; agriculture; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water-depth tolerances of the dominant emergent macrophytes of the Delta Marsh, Manitoba. AN - 16394861; 2866672 AB - The growth (shoot height, cumulative shoot length, shoot density, above- and below-ground biomass) of seven emergent species growing at five different water depths was measured for 2 years. These species belonged to three different ecological classes: (i) upper marsh species (Carex atherodes, Scolochloa festucacea , and Phragmites australis ) that occupy sections of the water-depth gradient that are only seasonally flooded in the Delta Marsh; (ii) lower marsh species (Typha glauca and Scirpus lacutris spp. glaucus ) that occupy permanently flooded areas; and (iii) drawdown species (Scirpus lacustris spp. validus and Scirpus maritimus ) that become established temporarily during drawdowns. Upper marsh species could not adjust their shoot length if they were growing in water deeper than 20 cm. Lower marsh species were able to do this in water up to 70 cm deep. All three types survived for 1 or 2 years in water too deep for long-term persistence. JF - Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadienne de Botanique AU - Squires, L AU - van der Valk, AG AD - ManTech Environ. Technol., Inc., U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 S.W. 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1860 EP - 1867 VL - 70 IS - 9 SN - 0008-4026, 0008-4026 KW - flood tolerance KW - macrophytes KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - marshes KW - aquatic plants KW - Canada, Manitoba, Delta Marsh KW - emergence KW - Freshwater KW - water levels KW - tolerance KW - growth KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - D 04200:Wetlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16394861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.atitle=Water-depth+tolerances+of+the+dominant+emergent+macrophytes+of+the+Delta+Marsh%2C+Manitoba.&rft.au=Squires%2C+L%3Bvan+der+Valk%2C+AG&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Botanique&rft.issn=00084026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water levels; marshes; aquatic plants; tolerance; emergence; growth; macrophytes; Canada, Manitoba, Delta Marsh; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marking the southern pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with rubidium within loblolly pine for dispersal studies. AN - 16392169; 2867783 AB - Studies were conducted to improve techniques for the use of elemental marking in dispersal studies of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Tissues from host loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., having diameters at breast height ranging from 15 to 46 cm and the emerging D. frontalis were marked successfully by injection of rubidium (Rb) concentrations based on estimates of bole surface area. A stem-well infusion technique, which is less labor intensive than pressure injections, was found to mark emerging beetles successfully. Use of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in RbCl solution did not significantly increase Rb concentration in P. taeda phloem samples or percentage of Rb-marked D. frontalis . Rb was rapidly eliminated by Rb-marked D. frontalis adults when allowed to feed on nonRb-enhanced host tissue, but Rb concentrations remained relatively constant in Rb-marked beetles held without feeding. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Thoeny, W T AU - Tiarks, A E AU - Hayes, J L AU - Bridges, J R AD - Technol. Appl., c/o EPA, Environ. Monit. Syst. Lab., 3411 Church St., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1377 EP - 1385 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - rubidium KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - marking and tracking techniques KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - methodology KW - dispersal KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - Y 25863:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16392169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Marking+the+southern+pine+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+with+rubidium+within+loblolly+pine+for+dispersal+studies.&rft.au=Thoeny%2C+W+T%3BTiarks%2C+A+E%3BHayes%2C+J+L%3BBridges%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Thoeny&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroctonus frontalis; Scolytidae; Coleoptera; dispersal; marking and tracking techniques; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling of the fast organic emissions from a wood-finishing product - floor wax. AN - 16385752; 2875340 AB - Environmental chamber and full-scale residential house tests were conducted to evaluate the fast organic emissions from a wood-finishing product - floor wax. For the environmental chamber tests, a very small amount (< 5 g m super(-2)) of the wax was applied to an aluminum plate. It was found that the chamber exit organic concentrations can be estimated by a model with an initial condition of instant organic emissions. The model was applied to the house data to interpret the octane and nonane emissions. Significant sink effects were found in the house that prolonged the elevated octane and nonane concentrations for more than 2 days. JF - Atmospheric Environment, Part A AU - Chang, JCS AU - Guo, Zhishi AD - Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2365 EP - 2370 VL - 26A IS - 13 SN - 0004-6981, 0004-6981 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - wood KW - air quality KW - preservatives KW - indoor environments KW - emissions KW - volatile organic compounds KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16385752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+the+fast+organic+emissions+from+a+wood-finishing+product+-+floor+wax.&rft.au=Chang%2C+JCS%3BGuo%2C+Zhishi&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=JCS&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26A&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=2365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00046981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - indoor environments; air quality; emissions; volatile organic compounds; wood; preservatives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioassay-directed chemical analysis of organic extracts of emissions from a laboratory-scale incinerator: Combustion of surrogate compounds. AN - 16383683; 2880507 AB - A prototype/laboratory-scale rotary kiln (73 kW, w50,000 Btu/h) was used to examine the chemical composition and biological effects of the emissions produced when the kiln was operated under suboptimal conditions resulting from batch charging. The surrogate wastes evaluated were polyethylene (PE), polyvinylchloride (PVC), toluene (TOL), carbon tetrachloride, (CCl sub(4)), PE + PVC, and TOL + CCl sub(4). Bioassay-directed chemical analysis was performed by subjecting selected mutagenic fractions to analysis by mass spectrometry. Various PAHs were identified in mutagenic fractions of the PE emissions. This study illustrates the value of performing both chemical and biological analyses of chemically complex combustion emissions in order to characterize the potential health effects of such mixtures. JF - Combustion Science and Technology AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Williams, R W AU - Perry, E AU - Lemieux, P M AU - Linak, W P AD - U.S. EPA (MD-68A), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 437 EP - 453 VL - 85 IS - 1-6 SN - 0010-2202, 0010-2202 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - emissions KW - bioassays KW - mutagenicity KW - incineration KW - hazardous wastes KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16383683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Combustion+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Bioassay-directed+chemical+analysis+of+organic+extracts+of+emissions+from+a+laboratory-scale+incinerator%3A+Combustion+of+surrogate+compounds.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BWilliams%2C+R+W%3BPerry%2C+E%3BLemieux%2C+P+M%3BLinak%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Combustion+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=00102202&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Incineration of hazardous wastes. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioassays; mutagenicity; emissions; hazardous wastes; incineration; chemical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Municipal solid waste landfill daily cover alternatives. AN - 16377635; 2880621 AB - Alternative daily cover materials for use at municipal solid waste landfills is gaining popularity among landfill operators. There is a wide variety of products available. This paper discusses the regulations, operational requirements and brief descriptions of many of the products available today. This paper focuses on foams and sprays, not on geotextile-based daily cover materials. JF - Geotextiles and Geomembranes AU - Carson, DA AD - US EPA, Risk Reduction Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 629 EP - 635 VL - 11 IS - 4-6 SN - 0266-1144, 0266-1144 KW - cover materials KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - sprays KW - municipal solid wastes KW - landfills KW - waste management KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16377635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geotextiles+and+Geomembranes&rft.atitle=Municipal+solid+waste+landfill+daily+cover+alternatives.&rft.au=Carson%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4-6&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geotextiles+and+Geomembranes&rft.issn=02661144&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - municipal solid wastes; waste management; landfills; sprays ER - TY - CONF T1 - Scientific visualization efforts at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. AN - 16377436; 2863820 AB - The United States Environmental Protection Agency has recently begun to explore and use scientific visualization tools for environmental research. During May 1990, the National Data Processing Division opened a small visualization laboratory at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. With the future acquisition of two High Performance Computing platforms, it is expected that scientific visualization efforts will expand over the next 5-10 years. This document highlights issues associated with this expansion. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Cullati, A AU - Idaszak, R AU - Rhyne, T Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 323 EP - 326 VL - 21 IS - 4 KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - computer programmes KW - government policy KW - environmental management KW - government policies KW - EPA KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - environment management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16377436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Scientific+visualization+efforts+at+the+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency.&rft.au=Cullati%2C+A%3BIdaszak%2C+R%3BRhyne%2C+T&rft.aulast=Cullati&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pneumatic pumping test for soil vacuum extraction. AN - 16376048; 2862801 AB - In-situ pneumatic pumping tests were performed to estimate the pneumatic permeability at a site containing soils contaminated with aviation gasoline. Determination of pneumatic permeability was necessary to evaluate soil-air discharge or pore volume exchange rates. Pressure propagation was measured in clustered vapor probes during the application of vacuum and positive pressure. An analytical solution for soil-air pressure distribution with a non-linear data fitting algorithm was adopted to obtain the pneumatic permeability from soil-air pressure distribution. Pneumatic pumping tests indicated substantially higher air discharge rates in the immediate vicinity of wells. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Cho, J S AU - DiGiulio, D C AD - Robert S. Kerr Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 228 EP - 233 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - soils KW - pneumatic pumping KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - decontamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16376048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=Pneumatic+pumping+test+for+soil+vacuum+extraction.&rft.au=Cho%2C+J+S%3BDiGiulio%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress&rft.issn=02784491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Remediation of contaminated soils and groundwaters. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - decontamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extraction and recovery of lead species from soil. AN - 16366959; 2862807 AB - The remediation of lead contaminated soil at Superfund sites and urban soil is a serious concern, given the grave effects of lead exposure and the pervasive nature of the threat. The lead species of interest are elemental lead, lead sulfate, basic carbonate of lead and lead dioxide. This paper describes work done to solubilize these species and recover the contaminants as salable lead sulfate. Proof of concept was done using the pure chemicals. After this, bench scale experiments were done using a soil that was dosed with varying amounts of the contaminants (total lead from 1,000 to 10,000 ppm) and better than 80% of the contaminants was recovered as lead sulfate. The treated soil passed the TCLP test with 3.0 ppm lead, showing that it could be redeposited on site. A pilot-plant scale-up is being explored. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Krishnamurthy, S AD - U.S. EPA, Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Edison, NJ 08837, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 256 EP - 260 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - decontamination KW - Superfund KW - lead KW - heavy metals KW - disposal sites KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16366959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=Extraction+and+recovery+of+lead+species+from+soil.&rft.au=Krishnamurthy%2C+S&rft.aulast=Krishnamurthy&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disposal sites; Superfund; heavy metals; lead; decontamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A framework for ecological risk assessment at the EPA. AN - 16349326; 2851512 AB - Ecological risk assessments evaluate the likelihood of adverse ecological effects caused by stressors related to human activities such as draining of wetlands or release of chemicals. The term stressor is used to describe any chemical, physical, or biological entity that can induce adverse effects on ecological components (i.e., individuals, populations, communities, or ecosystems). In this review article, a historical perspective on ecological risk assessment activities at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is followed by a discussion of the EPA's "Framework Report," which describes the basic elements for conducting an ecological risk assessment. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Norton, S B AU - Rodier, D J AU - Gentile, J H AU - Schalie, WHvan der AU - Wood, W P AU - Slimak, M W AD - U.S. EPA Lab., Narragansett, RI 02592, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1663 EP - 1672 VL - 11 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - EPA KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - biological stress KW - ecosystem management KW - government policy KW - risk assessment KW - risks KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - ecosystems KW - Freshwater KW - environmental protection KW - historical account KW - ecology KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - USA KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16349326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=A+framework+for+ecological+risk+assessment+at+the+EPA.&rft.au=Norton%2C+S+B%3BRodier%2C+D+J%3BGentile%2C+J+H%3BSchalie%2C+WHvan+der%3BWood%2C+W+P%3BSlimak%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Annual Review Issue. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - historical account; ecosystem management; risks; biological stress; ecosystems; ecology; environmental protection; government policy; risk assessment; EPA; USA; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Personnel protection through reconnaissance robotics at superfund remedial sites. AN - 16346715; 9566 AB - Investigation, mitigation and clean-up of hazardous materials at Superfund sites normally requires on-site workers to perform hazardous and sometimes potentially dangerous functions. Such functions include site surveys and the reconnaissance for airborne and buried toxic environmental contaminants. Airborne contaminants of concern usually emanate from spilled materials and require monitoring the air at the perimeter and throughout the clean-up site to ascertain the extent of contamination. Buried contaminants of major concern are often the result of leaking underground drums containing toxic wastes and require 'reconnaissance excavations' to determined their location. Workers conducting on-site air monitoring risk dermal, ocular and inhalation exposure to hazardous chemicals, while those performing excavations also risk the potential exposure to fire, explosion, and other physical injury. EPA's current efforts to protect its workers and mitigate these risks include the use of robotic devices. Using robots offers the ultimate in personnel protection by removing the worker from the site of potential exposure, especially during site investigation, when there is almost always a certain encounter with unknown chemical wastes having unknown toxicity. This paper describes the demonstration of a commercially-available robotic platform modified and equipped for air monitoring and the ongoing research for the development of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system to detect buried chemical waste drums. These robotic devices can ultimately be routinely deployed in the field for the purpose of conducting inherently safe reconnaissance activities during Superfund/SARA remedial operations. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Frank, Uwe AU - Esposito, Carolyn AU - Sullivan, Daniel AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Edison, NJ, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 341 EP - 345 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Health KW - Personnel KW - Personnel protection KW - Reconnaissance robotics KW - Robotics KW - Soil pollution KW - Superfund remedial sites KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - EE 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - W4 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - EE 461.7:HEALTH CARE KW - EE 452.3:INDUSTRIAL WASTES KW - W4 483:SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATIONS KW - EE 483:SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 452.3:INDUSTRIAL WASTES KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16346715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Personnel+protection+through+reconnaissance+robotics+at+superfund+remedial+sites.&rft.au=Frank%2C+Uwe%3BEsposito%2C+Carolyn%3BSullivan%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Uwe&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil pollution; Personnel; Health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Invitation paper (C.P. Alexander fund): History of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner research and development. AN - 16345659; 2844402 AB - This review article starts with the discovery of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in Japan at the turn of the century and notes that the observations of the early Japanese workers clearly show that they were aware of the toxin-mediated nature of the activity of B. thuringiensis toward insect larvae. The early work in Europe with B. thuringiensis against Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) showed that the bacterium had promise as a microbial control agent. The commercial development of B. thuringiensis in France in the late 1930s, and in Eastern Europe and the United States in the 1950s, is traced. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Beegle, C C AU - Yamamoto, T AD - U.S. EPA, OPP/EFGWB H7507C, 401 M St. S.W., Wash., DC, 20460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 587 EP - 616 VL - 124 IS - 4 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - research programmes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - historical account KW - reviews KW - biological control KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Insecta KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16345659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Invitation+paper+%28C.P.+Alexander+fund%29%3A+History+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+Berliner+research+and+development.&rft.au=Beegle%2C+C+C%3BYamamoto%2C+T&rft.aulast=Beegle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Insecta; reviews; historical account; biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatocarcinogenicity of chloral hydrate, 2-chloroacetaldehyde, and dichloroacetic acid in the male B6C3F1 mouse. AN - 16336527; 2840010 AB - The chlorinated acetaldehydes, chloral hydrate (CH) and 2-chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), have been identified as chlorination by-products in finished drinking water supplies. Although both chemicals are genotoxic, their potential for carcinogenicity had not been adequately explored. The studies reported here are chronic bioassays conducted with male B6C3F1 mice exposed to levels of 1 g/liter CH and 0.1 g/liter CAA via the drinking water for 104 weeks. The corresponding prevalence rate for carcinomas, adenomas, and combined tumors were 46, 29, and 71%; 31, 8, and 38%; and 10, 5, and 15% for CH, CAA, and H sub(2)O, respectively. In addition to the tumors we evaluated the prevalence of a possible preneoplastic lesion, the hepatocellular hyperplastic nodule (nodules), a lesion which occurred in all three treated groups but not in the H sub(2)O group. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Daniel, F B AU - DeAngelo, AB AU - Stober, JA AU - Olson, G R AU - Page, N P AD - Environ. Monit. Systems Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 159 EP - 168 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - chloral hydrate KW - chloroacetaldehyde KW - dichloroacetic acid KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - carcinogenicity KW - males KW - liver KW - drinking water KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16336527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Hepatocarcinogenicity+of+chloral+hydrate%2C+2-chloroacetaldehyde%2C+and+dichloroacetic+acid+in+the+male+B6C3F1+mouse.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BDeAngelo%2C+AB%3BStober%2C+JA%3BOlson%2C+G+R%3BPage%2C+N+P&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - liver; carcinogenicity; males; drinking water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The composition of motor vehicle organic emissions under elevated temperature summer driving conditions (75 to 105 degree F) - part II. AN - 16332011; 2847968 AB - Emissions from nine popular late-model motor vehicles with four-cylinder engines were characterized at three test temperatures to simulate summer driving. Six vehicles were fueled by throttle body injection (TBI) and three by port fuel injection (PFI). The vehicles were tested at temperatures of 75, 90 and 105 degree F with unleaded regular summer grade fuel. Tailpipe and and evaporative emissions were determined at each test temperature. The emissions measured were total hydrocarbons (THCs), speciated hydrocarbons (200+ compounds and isomers), speciated aldehydes, carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO sub(x)), benzene and 1,3-butadiene. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Stump, F D AU - Knapp, K T AU - Ray, W D AU - Snow, R AU - Eudy, L AD - Atmos. Res. and Exposure Assessment Lab., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1328 EP - 1335 VL - 42 IS - 10 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - butadiene KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - nitrogen oxides KW - benzene KW - carbon monoxide KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - hydrocarbons KW - seasonal variations KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16332011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=The+composition+of+motor+vehicle+organic+emissions+under+elevated+temperature+summer+driving+conditions+%2875+to+105+degree+F%29+-+part+II.&rft.au=Stump%2C+F+D%3BKnapp%2C+K+T%3BRay%2C+W+D%3BSnow%2C+R%3BEudy%2C+L&rft.aulast=Stump&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - automotive exhaust emissions; seasonal variations; hydrocarbons; carbon monoxide; nitrogen oxides; benzene; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of alkylbenzene biodegradation under denitrifying conditions by using the acetylene block technique. AN - 16328353; 2842819 AB - Addition of acetylene to microcosms simultaneously amended with nitrate and alkylbenzenes resulted in inhibition of the rate of alkylbenzene biodegradation under denitrifying conditions. Toluene, xylenes, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were recalcitrant, whereas ethylbenzene was degraded at a slower rate than usual. Benzene was not degraded in either case. Addition of acetylene to microcosms preexposed to nitrate and alkylbenzenes produced similar inhibition. These data indicate that the activities of microorganisms that degraded alkylbenzenes under denitrifying conditions may be suppressed if the standard acetylene block technique is used to verify denitrifying activity. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hutchins AD - Robert S. Kerr Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 3395 EP - 3398 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - acetylene KW - alkylbenzenes KW - effects on KW - inhibition KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biodegradation KW - bacteria KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16328353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+alkylbenzene+biodegradation+under+denitrifying+conditions+by+using+the+acetylene+block+technique.&rft.au=Hutchins&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; inhibition; bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visions of the future in drinking water microbiology. AN - 16317822; 2834479 AB - In recent years, drinking water microbiology has seen a rapid emergence in new directions beyond the basic concepts in vogue at the turn of the century. No longer does the laboratory characterize the microbial quality of water by bacterial growth detected on gelatin plates or gas production in lactose bile fermentation tubes. Today, the emphasis is on monitoring treatment effectiveness and distribution system integrity, not just focusing on the general bacteriological quality of water leaving the treatment plant. There will be breakthroughs in real time testing of process waters for pathogen surrogates with results made available within 1 hour for application to treatment adjustments if needed. Continuous monitoring by automated microbiology of filter effluents and effluent leaving the contact basin will provide a constant check for any pathogenic penetration of barriers. Using distribution system models, water quality changes in heterotrophic bacteria will be plotted throughout the network to signal times to flush and to define zones of HPC densities around hospitals and rest homes. JF - J. N. ENG. WATER WORKS ASSOC. AU - Geldreich, EE AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 106 IS - 1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - water supplies KW - effluents KW - drinking water KW - disinfection KW - microbiology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - A 01108:Other water systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+N.+ENG.+WATER+WORKS+ASSOC.&rft.atitle=Visions+of+the+future+in+drinking+water+microbiology.&rft.au=Geldreich%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Geldreich&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+N.+ENG.+WATER+WORKS+ASSOC.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; microbiology; effluents; disinfection; water supplies; drinking water ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrient leaching from conifer needles in relation to foliar apoplast cation exchange capacity. AN - 16316923; 2835278 AB - Limited evidence to date suggests that acidic precipitation promotes leaching of nutrient cations from conifer foliage. In order to evaluate the relative contribution of the apoplast cation exchange complex and symplast nutrient pools to the leached ions, the magnitude of foliar leaching in response to acidic solutions was compared to foliar apoplast cation exchange capacity (CEC) for two conifer tree species (Pseudotsuga menziesii and Picea engelmanii ). Leaching potential was determined by immersing detached needles in acidic solutions (pH 5.6, 3.1, 2.1) over a range of time intervals (1, 4, 8, 24h) and foliar apoplast cation exchange capacity was determined by potentiometric titration. Leaching increased with decreasing pH and increasing time of immersion. At pH values 2.1 and 3.1, equivalents of H super(+) depleted from the acidic solutions approximated equivalents of base cations gained by the solutions. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Turner, D P AU - van Broekhuizen, HJ AD - Mantech Environmental Technology, Inc., US EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 S.W. 35th, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 259 EP - 263 VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - needles KW - cation exchange capacity KW - Picea engelmanii KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - forests KW - nutrient loss KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16316923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Nutrient+leaching+from+conifer+needles+in+relation+to+foliar+apoplast+cation+exchange+capacity.&rft.au=Turner%2C+D+P%3Bvan+Broekhuizen%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; nutrient loss; forests; needles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioaccumulation of PCBs from sediments by oligochaetes and fishes: Comparison of laboratory and field studies. AN - 16310050; 2823234 AB - Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas ) and oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus ) were exposed in the laboratory to sediment samples from the lower Fox River/Green Bay, and their bioaccumulation of PCBs was compared with PCB concentrations in synoptic collections of fish (black bullhead, Ameiurus melas ) and oligochaetes (primarily Limnodrilus sp.) from the field. Total PCBs and PCB homologues (expressed as lipid-normalized tissue concentrations/organic carbon-normalized sediment concentrations) were qualitatively and quantitatively similar in the laboratory-exposed and field-collected oligochaetes. PCB concentrations in A. melas generally were greater than in any of the other test species, due possibly to differences in exposure (e.g. biomagnification) compared with the other organisms. PCB concentrations in P. promelas were consistently smaller than in any of the other species investigated. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Ankley, G T AU - Cook, P M AU - Carlson, A R AU - Call, D J AU - Swenson, JA AU - Corcoran, H F AU - Hoke, R A AD - U.S. EPA, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2080 EP - 2085 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - pollution indicators KW - Freshwater KW - Ameiurus melas KW - Oligochaeta KW - bioaccumulation KW - Lumbriculus variegatus KW - Pimephales promelas KW - freshwater fish KW - indicator species KW - sediments KW - Limnodrilus KW - PCB KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16310050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Bioaccumulation+of+PCBs+from+sediments+by+oligochaetes+and+fishes%3A+Comparison+of+laboratory+and+field+studies.&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BCook%2C+P+M%3BCarlson%2C+A+R%3BCall%2C+D+J%3BSwenson%2C+JA%3BCorcoran%2C+H+F%3BHoke%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2080&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - freshwater fish; indicator species; pollution indicators; sediments; PCB; bioaccumulation; Lumbriculus variegatus; Pimephales promelas; Ameiurus melas; Limnodrilus; Oligochaeta; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - International cooperation on the environment: The cleanup of Eastern Europe. AN - 16308259; 2832926 AB - Americans understand that they share with Europeans not only a common culture but a common global environment. They recognize that the economic interests of all nations increasingly are converging, and that they require the harmonious and compatible environmental regulation of activities affecting trade and investment. JF - Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review AU - Reilly, W K Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 501 EP - 504 VL - 19 IS - 3 KW - Europe, Eastern KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - legislation KW - international cooperation KW - environmental protection KW - cleaning process KW - economics KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16308259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+College+Environmental+Affairs+Law+Review&rft.atitle=International+cooperation+on+the+environment%3A+The+cleanup+of+Eastern+Europe.&rft.au=Reilly%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Boston+College+Environmental+Affairs+Law+Review&rft.issn=01907034&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Principal component analysis and spatial correlation: Environmental analytical software tools. AN - 16302410; 2821859 AB - Using principal component analysis and geostatistics, the authors have reexamined the results of a study of chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in Hamburg (Germany) Harbor sediments. These methods identified the same anomalous samples as the original study, but without recourse to the more difficultly obtained isomer-specific chemical analyses. In addition, they revealed in the remaining data a trend highly suggestive of two spatially and chemically discrete sources for nearly all (> 90%) of the subject compounds found in the study, once again using no isomer-specific data. JF - Chemosphere AU - Cash, G G AU - Breen, J J AD - Off. Pollut. Prev. and Toxics, US EPA, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1607 EP - 1623 VL - 24 IS - 11 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - ANE, Germany, Hamburg Harbor KW - Germany, Hamburg Harbor KW - dibenzodioxins KW - dibenzofurans KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - pollution monitoring KW - Brackish KW - mathematical models KW - environmental monitoring KW - organic compounds KW - water pollution KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16302410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Principal+component+analysis+and+spatial+correlation%3A+Environmental+analytical+software+tools.&rft.au=Cash%2C+G+G%3BBreen%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Cash&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic compounds; environmental monitoring; pollution monitoring; mathematical models; water pollution; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends and patterns in Section 404 permitting requiring compensatory mitigation in Oregon and Washington, USA. AN - 16291335; 2820721 AB - The effects of permitting decisions made under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act for which compensatory mitigation was required were examined. Information was compiled on permits issued in Oregon (January 1977-January 1987) and Washington (1980-1986). Data on the type of project permitted, wetland impacted, and mitigation project were collected and analyzed. The records of the Portland and Seattle District Offices of the US Army Corps of Engineers and of Environmental Protection Agency Region X were the primary sources of information. This study illustrates how Section 404 permit data might be used in managing a regional wetland resource. However, because the data readily available were either incomplete or of poor quality, the process of gathering information was very labor-intensive. JF - Environmental Management AU - Kentula, ME AU - Sifneos, J C AU - Good, J W AU - Rylko, M AU - Kunz, K AD - US EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 109 EP - 119 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - INE, USA, Oregon KW - wetlands KW - environment management KW - resource conservation KW - permits KW - Freshwater KW - INE, USA, Washington KW - environmental legislation KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16291335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Trends+and+patterns+in+Section+404+permitting+requiring+compensatory+mitigation+in+Oregon+and+Washington%2C+USA.&rft.au=Kentula%2C+ME%3BSifneos%2C+J+C%3BGood%2C+J+W%3BRylko%2C+M%3BKunz%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kentula&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wetlands; environment management; resource conservation; permits; environmental legislation; INE, USA, Oregon; INE, USA, Washington; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations. AN - 16291121; 2809533 AB - Forests are a major sink for carbon and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Not only do forests contain huge amounts of carbon, they exchange it very actively with the atmosphere. Expanding the world's forests, therefore, may present an opportunity to increase the terrestrial carbon sink, and slow the increase in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration. The tropical zones of the world seem particularly attractive for forestation because of the high rates of productivity that can potentially be attained there, and because there appear to be large areas of land that would benefit from tree planting. The analysis described here examines the carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations in particular. Mean long-term carbon storage over multiple rotations was calculated for several commonly grown species. Rotation length, and hence the potential to accumulate biomass, is shown to be a key factor in the ability of plantations to remove carbon from the atmosphere over the long-term. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Schroeder, P AD - ManTech Environ. Technol., US EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 31 EP - 41 VL - 50 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - tropical environments KW - tree KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - plantations KW - rotation KW - carbon fixation KW - short-term KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16291121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Carbon+storage+potential+of+short+rotation+tropical+tree+plantations.&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+P&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon fixation; plantations; rotation; short-term ER - TY - CONF T1 - A technology for reduction of CO sub(2) emissions from the transportation sector. AN - 16289695; 2814896 AB - By sequestering byproduct carbon and replacing petroleum fuels with biomass-derived methanol, the Hydrocarb can nullify the net effect of CO sub(2) emissions from motor vehicles. This paper gives a preliminary assessment of the process which indicates that substantially more fuel energy could be produced--and at lower cost--than other current options for mitigating CO sub(2) from mobile sources. The incremental cost of eliminating net CO sub(2) emissions is estimated at $0.05 per gallon (3.78 liters) of gasoline displaced by methanol. About 80 percent reduction should be achievable at no incremental cost. JF - Energy Conversion & Management AU - Borgwardt, R H Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 443 EP - 449 VL - 33 IS - 5-8 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - motor vehicles KW - transportation KW - emission control KW - carbon dioxide KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16289695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Conversion+%26+Management&rft.atitle=A+technology+for+reduction+of+CO+sub%282%29+emissions+from+the+transportation+sector.&rft.au=Borgwardt%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Borgwardt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5-8&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Conversion+%26+Management&rft.issn=01968904&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead: Example of the job ahead. AN - 16286367; 2807075 AB - While everyone is exposed to some lead, lead has a very skewed profile of exposure and uptake by race and social class - probably more so than any of the other major pollutants to which the general population is exposed. While exposures have been reduced overall, minority and lower income children retain a higher risk of elevated blood lead levels, a disparity that has been in evidence for decades. Poor black children in inner city neighborhoods in the 1970s had average blood lead concentrations amounting to over 15 percent of a potentially fatal dose. JF - EPA Journal AU - Schwartz, J AU - Levin, R AD - EPA Off. Policy, Plann. and Eval. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 42 EP - 44 VL - 18 IS - 1 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - children KW - lead KW - blood analysis KW - toxicity KW - poisoning KW - contaminants KW - urban areas KW - environmental health KW - public health KW - H SM3.1:BASIC APPROACHES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORY KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16286367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=Lead%3A+Example+of+the+job+ahead.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J%3BLevin%2C+R&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lead; public health; children; blood analysis; urban areas; contaminants; environmental health; toxicity; poisoning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - California SARA Title III Section 313 data for reporting years 1987 and 1988. AN - 16284532; 2807656 AB - The Office of Hazardous Materials Data Management of the California Environmental Affairs Agency processes the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) forms sent to the State. These forms contain quantitative information on hazardous materials releases to air, water, and land, and are submitted annually to both state and federal governments. The forms are edited and the data entered into a data base resident on a microcomputer. Data from the reporting years of 1987 and 1988 has been processed. After excluding sodium sulfate from the 1987 data, due to the delisting of this chemical for 1988 reporting, the number of pounds reported for 1988 is reduced, compared to 1987, from 234 million pounds to 212 million pounds. Approximately the same number of companies filed in each reporting year--1,768 in 1987 and 1,681 in 1988. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Hanna, S D AU - Rydbrink, K AU - Vlahovic, M AU - Shulock, C M AD - California EPA, State of California, 555 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 277 EP - 296 VL - 31 IS - 3 KW - SARA Title III KW - California KW - pollutant detection KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - chemicals KW - data bases KW - toxic materials KW - Superfund KW - legislation KW - environmental monitoring KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16284532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=California+SARA+Title+III+Section+313+data+for+reporting+years+1987+and+1988.&rft.au=Hanna%2C+S+D%3BRydbrink%2C+K%3BVlahovic%2C+M%3BShulock%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Hanna&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxic materials; chemicals; legislation; data bases; environmental monitoring; Superfund ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new plankton trap for use in the collection of rocky intertidal zooplankton. AN - 16282530; 2806352 AB - Intertidal energy levels historically have precluded the use of conventional plankton sampling methods in rocky inshore habitats. A new sampling device (intertidal plankton trap) that exploits wave surge was used to determine the composition, distribution, and abundance patterns of zooplankton from the surf zone of a rocky shore habitat. On three separate dates, replicate traps were used to sample consecutive tides, concurrently at two locations, to assess diurnal differences in inshore zooplankton during day-light and nocturnal tidal cycles. Diurnal differences in taxon abundances suggest diurnal vertical migration. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Setran, A C AD - US EPA, W-7-1, 75 Hawthorne St., San Francisco, CA 94105, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 669 EP - 674 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - biological sampling KW - rocky shores KW - surf zone KW - trap nets KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - community composition KW - samplers KW - distribution KW - intertidal environment KW - sampling KW - zooplankton KW - abundance KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - D 04330:Marine KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16282530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=A+new+plankton+trap+for+use+in+the+collection+of+rocky+intertidal+zooplankton.&rft.au=Setran%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Setran&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - trap nets; community composition; intertidal environment; sampling; biological sampling; surf zone; samplers; zooplankton; distribution; abundance; rocky shores; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental equity: EPA's position. AN - 16280980; 2807537 AB - At its core, environmental equity means fairness. It speaks to the impartiality that should guide the application of laws designed to protect the health of human beings and the productivity of ecological systems on which all human activity, economic activity included, depends. It is emerging as an issue because studies are showing that certain groups of Americans may disproportionately suffer the burdens of pollution. And it is emerging because across America people of color are forging a constituency to put this issue squarely on the national agenda. JF - EPA Journal AU - Reilly, W K AD - EPA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 18 EP - 19 VL - 18 IS - 1 KW - equity KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - environmental protection KW - public concern KW - ecology KW - pollution control KW - legislation KW - EPA KW - economics KW - government programs KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16280980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=Environmental+equity%3A+EPA%27s+position.&rft.au=Reilly%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental protection; EPA; pollution control; government programs; legislation; ecology; economics; public concern ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent sulfur enrichment in the sediments of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin. AN - 16277807; 2803960 AB - Multiple sediment cores collected from Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin, prior to experimental acidification show that total sulfur accumulation rates increased during the past century, with most of the increase occurring in the nonacid-volatile inorganic and organic fractions. The increased sulfur accumulation is a result of diagenetic processes within the sediments, rather than changes in seston deposition rates or terrestrial inputs. This enrichment has occurred because atmospheric sulfate deposition rates have increased over the past century, resulting in increased lake-water sulfate concentrations, which has, in turn, increased the diffusional flux to the sediments and increased the extent of diagenetic immobilization. Individual cores had markedly different sulfur accumulation rates, demonstrating the importance of collecting multiple cores to determine lake-wide sediment accumulation. JF - Limnology and Oceanography AU - Baker, LA AU - Engstrom AU - Brezonik, P L AD - c/o U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 689 EP - 702 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0024-3590, 0024-3590 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - sulphur KW - atmospheric precipitations KW - diagenesis KW - USA, Wisconsin, Little Rock L. KW - sediment composition KW - Freshwater KW - accumulation KW - cores KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16277807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.atitle=Recent+sulfur+enrichment+in+the+sediments+of+Little+Rock+Lake%2C+Wisconsin.&rft.au=Baker%2C+LA%3BEngstrom%3BBrezonik%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography&rft.issn=00243590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sulphur; atmospheric precipitations; diagenesis; sediment composition; accumulation; cores; USA, Wisconsin, Little Rock L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Industrial pollution prevention: A critical review. AN - 16273339; 2807234 AB - The U.S. Congress passed the Pollution Prevention Act in October 1990. Pollution prevention is clearly a concept that will be of increasing importance to U.S. companies and to the public agencies that are responsible for regulating those companies. In this critical review the authors present the current state of knowledge regarding pollution prevention approaches to environmental improvement, explore the state of development of various private and public approaches to encouraging the adoption of pollution prevention strategies, highlight selected clean technologies and clean products, and examine various technical and economic issues related to the concept of pollution prevention. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Freeman, H AU - Harten, T AU - Springer, J AU - Randall, P AU - Curran, MA AU - Stone, K AD - Pollut. Prev. Res. Branch, Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 618 EP - 656 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - industrial pollutants KW - environmental management KW - cost benefit analysis KW - prevention KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - legislation KW - education KW - training KW - federal regulations KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16273339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Industrial+pollution+prevention%3A+A+critical+review.&rft.au=Freeman%2C+H%3BHarten%2C+T%3BSpringer%2C+J%3BRandall%2C+P%3BCurran%2C+MA%3BStone%2C+K&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=618&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - legislation; federal regulations; education; training; pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benthic organic matter dynamics in Texas prairie streams. AN - 16266354; 2803807 AB - Concentrations of benthic particulate organic matter (POM) in six Texas prairie streams (2nd-4th order, intermittent and perennial) were monitored over a 20 month period to determine temporal and spatial dynamics. Benthic POM mass was highly variable, having coefficients of variation (CV) in excess of 300%. Benthic POM mass in all streams was similar with the exception of the 4th order intermittent stream which had significantly higher concentrations. Benthic POM at all sites was dominated by coarse POM (CPOM), followed by fine POM (FPOM), ultrafine POM (UPOM), and medium POM (MPOM). The dominance by CPOM is especially noteworthy in the 4th order intermittent stream where it accounted for 83% of the annual POM mass. Seasonally, benthic POM was highest in summer and lowest in the fall. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Hill, B H AU - Gardner, T J AU - Ekisola, O F AD - EPA, 3411 Church St., Cincinnati, OH 45244, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 5 VL - 242 IS - 1 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - bed load KW - prairie streams KW - prairies KW - streams KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Freshwater KW - size distribution KW - particulate organic matter KW - temporal variations KW - USA, Texas KW - benthic environment KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16266354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Benthic+organic+matter+dynamics+in+Texas+prairie+streams.&rft.au=Hill%2C+B+H%3BGardner%2C+T+J%3BEkisola%2C+O+F&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=242&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bed load; size distribution; temporal variations; particulate organic matter; benthic environment; prairies; streams; USA, Texas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive toxicology of water contaminants detected by routine water quality testing. AN - 16254248; 2795261 AB - The presence of a reproductive toxicant in drinking water is one possible explanation of differences in spontaneous abortion rates between women who drink tapwater and those who do not. As part of the investigation conducted by the California Department of Health Services, several routine water quality assays were used to screen water sources available to the populations studied. I reviewed information in the literature about the potential reproductive toxicity of contaminants detected in these assays. None of these contaminants was clearly linked to increased incidence of abortion in the studies reviewed. JF - Epidemiology AU - Golub AD - Reprod. and Cancer Hazard Assessment Sect., Off. Environ. Health Hazard Assessment, California EPA, 714 P Street, Rm. 476, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 125 EP - 129 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - water quality KW - reproduction KW - contaminants KW - toxicology KW - epidemiology KW - pregnancy KW - abortion KW - public health KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SM3.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16254248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Reproductive+toxicology+of+water+contaminants+detected+by+routine+water+quality+testing.&rft.au=Golub&rft.aulast=Golub&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; contaminants; toxicology; reproduction; abortion; epidemiology; public health; pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solvent extraction processes: A survey of systems in the SITE program. AN - 16250675; 2785935 AB - Solvent extraction of contaminated soils, sludges and sediments has been successfully completed at a number of Superfund sites. Each commercialized process uses a unique operating system to extract organic contaminants from solids. These operating systems may be classified by the properties of the solvents each utilizes: (1) standard solvents, (2) near-critical fluids/liquified gases, and (3) critical solution temperature solvents. Pretreatment and post-treatment requirements vary depending upon the operating systems of the solvent extraction system. Future demonstrations of these technologies by the U.S. EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program will provide additional information regarding the efficacy of these processes. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Meckes, M C AU - Renard, E AU - Rawe, J AU - Wahl, G AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1118 EP - 1121 VL - 42 IS - 8 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - extraction KW - soils KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - sludge KW - waste management KW - solvents KW - organic wastes KW - sediments KW - Superfund KW - EPA KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16250675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Solvent+extraction+processes%3A+A+survey+of+systems+in+the+SITE+program.&rft.au=Meckes%2C+M+C%3BRenard%2C+E%3BRawe%2C+J%3BWahl%2C+G&rft.aulast=Meckes&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - solvents; organic wastes; sludge; sediments; waste management; EPA; Superfund ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interspecies modeling of inhaled particle deposition patterns. AN - 16246518; 2772632 AB - To evaluate the potential toxic effects of ambient contaminants or therapeutic effects of airborne drugs, inhalation exposure experiments can be performed with surrogate laboratory animals. Herein, an interspecies particle deposition theory is presented for physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. It is derived to improve animal testing protocols. The computer code describes the behavior and fate of particles in the lungs of human subjects and a selected surrogate, the laboratory rat. In the simulations CO sub(2) is integrated with exposure chamber atmospheres, and its concentrations regulated to produce rat breathing profiles corresponding to selected levels of human physical activity. The dosimetric model is used to calculate total, compartmental, and localized distribution patterns of inhaled particles in rats and humans for comparable ventilatory conditions. Perhaps most importantly regarding dose delivery, the computer program is used to determine distributions on an airway-by-airway basis throughout human and rat lungs. JF - Journal of Aerosol Science AU - Martonen, T B AU - Zhang, Z AU - Yang, Y AD - Health Effects Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 389 EP - 406 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8502, 0021-8502 KW - dose response effects KW - models KW - air pollution KW - contaminants KW - inhalation KW - particles KW - pharmacokinetics KW - respiratory system KW - simulation KW - toxicity KW - toxicity testing KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16246518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aerosol+Science&rft.atitle=Interspecies+modeling+of+inhaled+particle+deposition+patterns.&rft.au=Martonen%2C+T+B%3BZhang%2C+Z%3BYang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Martonen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aerosol+Science&rft.issn=00218502&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pharmacokinetics; toxicity; contaminants; respiratory system; air pollution; inhalation; particles; simulation; toxicity testing; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation of leaking USTs: A system for accessing case histories and related documents. AN - 16239030; 2762455 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's regulations require corrective action to be taken in response to a leaking underground storage tank (UST). Increasingly active state-run programs and the introduction of new cleanup technologies make UST corrective actions a multidisciplinary effort. The diversity of experience among personnel involved with this type of work has increased. The EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory has made its databases available to the public to help support this diverse audience. Its Computerized On-Line Information System (COLIS) allows for the quick and simple retrieval of data relating to UST incidents, as well as other hazardous-waste-related information. This paper describes the development and features of two important COLIS subsystems. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Hillger, R W AU - Griffiths, R A AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Off. Res. and Dev., U.S. EPA, Build. 10 (MS 104), 2890 Woodbridge Ave., Edison, NJ 08837-3679, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 298 EP - 302 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - case histories KW - tanks KW - EPA KW - disposal sites KW - hazardous wastes KW - information systems KW - remediation KW - storage KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Remediation+of+leaking+USTs%3A+A+system+for+accessing+case+histories+and+related+documents.&rft.au=Hillger%2C+R+W%3BGriffiths%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Hillger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; information systems; remediation; storage; hazardous wastes; disposal sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control technologies for remediation of contaminated soil and waste deposits at Superfund lead battery recycling sites. AN - 16237321; 2776301 AB - This paper primarily addresses remediation of contaminated soils and waste deposits at defunct lead-acid battery recycling sites (LBRS) via immobilization and separation processes. A defunct LBRS is a facility at which battery breaking, secondary lead smelting, or both operations were performed for the primary purpose of reclaiming lead from spent lead-acid batteries. The primary remedial options for lead contaminated soils and waste deposits include: (1) no action, (2) off-site disposal, (3) containment, (4) immobilization, (5) separation with resource recovery, and (6) separation without resource recovery. Solidification/stabilization of lead-contaminated soils has been implemented at three Superfund sites and is the selected remedy at several others. Separation technologies (e.g., screening, extraction) are attractive because, if successful, they actually remove the contaminant from the environmental media. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Royer, MD AU - Selvakumar, A AU - Gaire, R AD - U.S. EPA, Superfund Technol., Demonstration Div., Edison, NJ, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 970 EP - 973 VL - 42 IS - 7 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - recycling KW - batteries KW - separation processes KW - lead KW - remediation KW - waste disposal KW - contamination KW - pollution control KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Control+technologies+for+remediation+of+contaminated+soil+and+waste+deposits+at+Superfund+lead+battery+recycling+sites.&rft.au=Royer%2C+MD%3BSelvakumar%2C+A%3BGaire%2C+R&rft.aulast=Royer&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=970&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - contamination; remediation; waste disposal; lead; batteries; recycling; separation processes; pollution control ER - TY - CONF T1 - Apportionment of residential indoor aerosol, VOC and aldehyde species to indoor and outdoor sources, and their source strengths. AN - 16235909; 2776359 AB - The average concentrations of 45 fine-particle aerosol, VOC and aldehyde species measured in 10 Boise, ID, residences in wintertime have been apportioned according to their contributions from all inside sources and all outside sources. In most of the homes the indoor source contribution was dominant for fine-particle Si, Ca and Fe, while the infiltration contribution was dominant for fine-particle S, K, Pb, Zn, mass and extractable organic matter. Indoor contributions to individual VOCs were frequently very large at a few residences and negligible at the others. All aldehydes were dominated by indoor sources. The apportionment results have also been expressed as indoor source strengths. JF - Atmospheric Environment, Part A AU - Lewis, C W AU - Zweidinger, R B Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2179 EP - 2184 VL - 26A IS - 12 KW - air pollutants KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - environmental monitoring KW - aldehydes KW - volatile organic compounds KW - aerosols KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16235909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Apportionment+of+residential+indoor+aerosol%2C+VOC+and+aldehyde+species+to+indoor+and+outdoor+sources%2C+and+their+source+strengths.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+C+W%3BZweidinger%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26A&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00046981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metals in ground water: Sampling artifacts and reproducibility. AN - 16234257; 2774008 AB - Field studies evaluated sampling procedures for determination of aqueous inorganic geochemistry and assessment of contaminant transport by colloidal mobility. Research at three different metal-contaminated sites has shown that 0.45 mu m filtration has not removed potentially mobile colloids, when samples have been collected using low pumping flow rates ( similar to 0.2-0.3 L/min). However, when pumping velocities greatly exceed formation groundwater flow velocities, large differences between filtered and unfiltered samples are observed, and neither are representative of values obtained with the low flow-rate pumped samples. There was a strong inverse correlation between turbidity and representativeness of samples. Several different sampling devices were evaluated in wells (PVC) ranging in depths from 10 to 160 ft. Those devices which caused the least disturbance (i.e. turbidity) also produced the most reproducible samples irrespective of filtration. The following water quality indicators were monitored during well purging: dissolved O sub(2), pH, Eh, temperature, specific conductance, and turbidity. JF - Hazardous Waste & Hazardous Materials AU - Puls, R W AU - Clark, DA AU - Bledsoe, B AU - Powell, R M AU - Paul, C J AD - U.S. EPA, R.S. Kerr Environ. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 149 EP - 162 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0882-5696, 0882-5696 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - water quality KW - groundwater KW - metals KW - geochemistry KW - sampling methods KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16234257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hazardous+Waste+%26+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Metals+in+ground+water%3A+Sampling+artifacts+and+reproducibility.&rft.au=Puls%2C+R+W%3BClark%2C+DA%3BBledsoe%2C+B%3BPowell%2C+R+M%3BPaul%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Puls&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hazardous+Waste+%26+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=08825696&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - groundwater; metals; water quality; sampling methods; geochemistry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microhabitat selection by the johnny darter, Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque, in a Wyoming stream. AN - 16232126; 2772389 AB - Microhabitat selection by the johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum ) was examined in the North Laramie River, Platte County, Wyoming, where it does not occur with other darter species in the same steam reach. Electivity indices based on microhabitat observations that E. nigrum avoids riffles and selects certain microhabitats characterized by intermediate water depths in pools and slow-moving runs with a substrate composed primarily of silt and sand. Niche breadth and electivity values for total depth, bottom water velocity, and substrate measurements from this study indicate that E. nigrum is habitat generalist, except at the extreme ends of the habitat gradient. Habitat use here is generally similar to other studies where E. nigrum occurred with one or more other darter species. This study found little evidence for competitive release in the absence of other darters. JF - Great Basin Naturalist AU - Leidy, R A AD - U.S. EPA, Wetlands Sect. (W-7-2), 75 Hawthorne St., San Francisco, CA 94105, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 68 EP - 74 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 0017-3614, 0017-3614 KW - USA, Wyoming, North Laramie R. KW - microenvironments KW - microhabitats KW - stream flow rate KW - streams KW - water depth KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - substrate preferences KW - Freshwater KW - rivers KW - Etheostoma nigrum KW - habitat selection KW - Q1 08341:General KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16232126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Microhabitat+selection+by+the+johnny+darter%2C+Etheostoma+nigrum+Rafinesque%2C+in+a+Wyoming+stream.&rft.au=Leidy%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Leidy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Basin+Naturalist&rft.issn=00173614&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - substrate preferences; water depth; habitat selection; stream flow rate; rivers; microhabitats; microenvironments; streams; Etheostoma nigrum; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's Federal Technology Transfer Act program. AN - 16229653; 2775981 AB - In 1986, the Federal Technology Transfer Act (FTTA) was established to promote a closer, collaborative relationship between federal government agencies and the private sector. With the increasing need for new cost-effective technologies to prevent and control pollution, both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and private industry are encouraged to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technology under this Act. The FTTA removed several of the legal and institutional barriers to cooperative research that existed before the Act's passage. Through the FTTA, the government strives to promote the movement of its products, processes, skills and knowledge into the private sector for further development and commercialization by encouraging the exchange of technical personnel and the sharing of facilities and other resources. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Gatchett, A M AU - Fradkin, L AU - Moore, M G AD - Off. Res. and Dev., US EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 892 EP - 895 VL - 42 IS - 7 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Federal Technology Transfer Act KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - legislation KW - federal regulations KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16229653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+Federal+Technology+Transfer+Act+program.&rft.au=Gatchett%2C+A+M%3BFradkin%2C+L%3BMoore%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Gatchett&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=892&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - federal regulations; legislation; EPA; pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research and information needs related to nonpoint source pollution and wetlands in the watershed: An EPA perspective. AN - 16227439; 2751612 AB - Two related Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) efforts, wetlands protection and nonpoint source pollution control, fail to fully consider landscape factors when making site-specific decisions. This paper discusses the relationship of the two programs and the use of created and natural wetlands to treat nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. Recommendations to improve the programs include increased technical transfer of existing information, and more research on construction methods and siting of created wetlands to effectively manage NPS pollution. Additional research is also needed to determine (1) the maximum pollutant loading rates to assure the biological integrity of wetlands, (2) the effectiveness of current land-use practices in protecting habitat and water quality functions, (3) wetland functions as pollutant sinks, (4) NPS pollution threats to wildlife, (5) practical watershed models, and (6) indicators and reference sites for monitoring wetland condition. Model watershed demonstrations, jointly implemented by the research and conservation communities, are recommended as a means of integrating research results. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Ethridge, B J AU - Olson, R K AD - US EPA, 1445 Ross Ave., Suite 1200, Dallas, TX 75202-2733, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 149 EP - 156 VL - 1 IS - 1-2 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - federal policies KW - government policy KW - pollution sources KW - research programmes KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - environmental protection KW - USA KW - wetlands KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16227439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Results+of+the+IPCS+collaborative+study+on+complex+mixtures.&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BCreason%2C+J%3BLeroux%2C+B%3BAgurell%2C+E%3BBagley%2C+S%3BBryant%2C+D+W%3BCourtois%2C+Y+A%3BDouglas%2C+G%3BClare%2C+C+B%3BGoto%2C+S&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wetlands; research programmes; environmental protection; pollution control; government policy; pollution sources; federal policies; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trades to remember: The lead phasedown. AN - 16225163; 2751923 AB - The 1979-to-1988 phasedown of leaded gasoline proved that market incentives could do what conventional command-and-control regulations could not: hasten the nation's retreat from the leaded gasoline market at the lowest possible cost. EPA speeded the transition to unleaded gasoline by adopting trading and banking options that offered older facilities alternatives for meeting standards otherwise beyond their reach. JF - EPA Journal AU - Whiteman, L AD - Off. Mobile Sources, EPA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 38 EP - 39 VL - 18 IS - 2 KW - market incentives KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - lead KW - government regulations KW - gasoline KW - EPA KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - public health KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16225163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=Trades+to+remember%3A+The+lead+phasedown.&rft.au=Whiteman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Whiteman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lead; gasoline; EPA; public health; automotive exhaust emissions; government regulations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of wetland water quality standards in nonpoint source pollution control strategies. AN - 16223472; 2751577 AB - States in the United States are required to develop water quality standards for their wetlands by the end of Fiscal Year 1993. Standards are vital to the protection of wetlands from a broad array of perturbations including nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. The natural water quality functions of wetlands make them potential components of NPS control strategies, but protection of wetland structure and functions takes precedence over their use in NPS control. Narrative biological criteria are one part of standards and can serve as a mechanism to address NPS pollution impacts. Criteria can also be used as a baseline to determine the effectiveness of best management practices. Numeric biocriteria are under development and will require additional research. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Robb, D M AD - US EPA, Off. Wetlands, Oceans, Watersheds, 401 M St., SW (A-104F), Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 143 EP - 148 VL - 1 IS - 1-2 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - federal policies KW - government policy KW - nonpoint KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Freshwater KW - environmental protection KW - USA KW - wetlands KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16223472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=The+role+of+wetland+water+quality+standards+in+nonpoint+source+pollution+control+strategies.&rft.au=Robb%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Robb&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; wetlands; environmental protection; pollution control; government policy; federal policies; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Denver airport: Pollution prevention by design. AN - 16222930; 2751846 AB - Unlike any of its predecessors, Denver International Airport (DIA) will embody features built into it specifically to cut the pollution that might otherwise accompany such a mammoth public works project. In another unique twist that has potential application across a wide range of public projects, EPA's regional office in Denver assigned one of its own scientists to help design those features. JF - EPA Journal AU - McGraw, J W AD - EPA Region 8, Denver, CO, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 18 EP - 19 VL - 18 IS - 2 KW - Colorado, Denver KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - airports KW - construction KW - design KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16222930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Denver+airport%3A+Pollution+prevention+by+design.&rft.au=McGraw%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=McGraw&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollution control; airports; construction; design ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The market-based approach at EPA. AN - 16222287; 2751866 AB - Environmental policy in the United States is evolving from an almost exclusive reliance on command-and-control regulation to the use of economic incentives. EPA adopted its first economic incentives program in 1976 and has progressively expanded its use of market-based approaches since then. Only recently, however, have economic incentives entered into the mainstream of EPA's regulatory activities. JF - EPA Journal AU - Morgenstern, R D AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 27 EP - 29 VL - 18 IS - 2 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - government policies KW - emissions KW - economics KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16222287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=The+market-based+approach+at+EPA.&rft.au=Morgenstern%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Morgenstern&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; pollution control; economics; government policies; emissions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Davids to tackle environmental Goliaths. AN - 16221284; 2751959 AB - It is well known that microorganisms are the key players in certain biochemical processes that convert complex organic compounds into simpler materials. In nature, these processes help clear the environment of dead matter; for example, fungi help decompose dead trees by feeding on cellulose in the wood, thereby promoting the breakdown of the wood fiber. Scientists are trying to apply similar principles to convert hazardous chemical wastes to non-toxic or less-toxic materials. This approach is called bioremediation. JF - EPA Journal AU - Bretthauer, E W AD - Off. Res. and Dev., EPA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 50 EP - 52 VL - 18 IS - 2 KW - research programmes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - bioremediation KW - cleaning process KW - microbiology KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16221284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=New+Davids+to+tackle+environmental+Goliaths.&rft.au=Bretthauer%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Bretthauer&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioremediation; microbiology; cleaning process; EPA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulations and policies relating to the use of wetlands for nonpoint source pollution control. AN - 16220629; 2751555 AB - The ability of wetlands to transform or trap nutrients and sediments has led to increasing attention to how wetlands can be used or their functions replicated to treat nonpoint sources of pollution. Protection, restoration, and creation of wetlands can be incorporated into nonpoint source pollution management strategies. There are, however, Federal regulations that prohibit the indiscriminate use of wetlands for water treatment. The Clean Water Act regulates all discharges into "waters of the United States" including wetlands. Restored wetlands are subject to the same protection and restrictions as natural wetlands. Created wetlands, on the other hand, are generally not considered "waters of the United States" if constructed solely for purposes of water treatment. Protection, restoration, and creation of wetlands provide opportunities to realize a number of functional benefits including water quality improvement. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Fields, S AD - Wetlands Div., US EPA, 401 M St., SW (A-104F), Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 135 EP - 141 VL - 1 IS - 1-2 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - federal policies KW - government policy KW - non point KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - environmental protection KW - USA KW - wetlands KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16220629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Regulations+and+policies+relating+to+the+use+of+wetlands+for+nonpoint+source+pollution+control.&rft.au=Fields%2C+S&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wetlands; environmental protection; pollution control; government policy; federal policies; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone loss: Modern tools for a modern problem. AN - 16218264; 2751830 AB - EPA's market-based strategy for the control of ozone-depleting substances provides a useful example of how a combination of means, other than traditional engineering controls and product-based bans, can serve pollution-abatement goals. The cornerstone is the marketable permits system, which is designed to harness free market forces to direct users toward alternative chemicals. JF - EPA Journal AU - Lee, D AD - Stratospheric Ozone Protection Branch, Global Change Div., EPA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 16 EP - 18 VL - 18 IS - 2 KW - marketable permits KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - government regulations KW - EPA KW - ozone KW - pollution control KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16218264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=Ozone+loss%3A+Modern+tools+for+a+modern+problem.&rft.au=Lee%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; pollution control; government regulations; EPA; air quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction to nonpoint source pollution in the United States and prospects for wetland use. AN - 16213879; 2747302 AB - Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is the major cause of impairment of US surface waters. The dominant source of NPS pollution is agricultural activity, and "traditional" pollutants --nutrients, sediments, and pathogens-- are the main detrimental constituents. Erosion from cropland has been declining and is expected to decline further in the 1990s, but it is unclear how this will translate into changes in sediment yields in streams. Pollution by nitrogen is of particular concern in eutrophication of estuaries, as a contaminant of groundwater and as an acidifying agent in atmospheric deposition. Nitrogen fertilizer and emissions of nitrous oxides are major contributors to the problem. The outlook on pesticides is mixed: bans on organochlorine pesticides in the 1970s have resulted in decreasing concentrations in fish tissue; however, herbicides are now a problem for some surface and groundwater sources of drinking water, especially in the Upper Midwest. Metals in NPS pollution are primarily a concern in mining areas and in urban runoff. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Baker, LA AD - Water Resour. Res. Cent., Univ. Minnesota, c/o US EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 26 VL - 1 IS - 1-2 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - United States KW - agricultural pollution KW - literature reviews KW - nonpoint KW - nonpoint source pollution KW - pollution clean-up KW - pollution sources KW - reviews KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - wastewater treatment KW - Freshwater KW - pollution effects KW - water pollution KW - pollution control KW - USA KW - wetlands KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - D 04200:Wetlands KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16213879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+nonpoint+source+pollution+in+the+United+States+and+prospects+for+wetland+use.&rft.au=Baker%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; wetlands; wastewater treatment; literature reviews; pollution effects; water pollution; pollution control; reviews; pollution sources; pollution clean-up; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodiversity: The need for a national policy. AN - 16207736; 2735151 AB - Because biodiversity does not conform to political boundaries, a national policy for biodiversity is needed in the United States. The cost of protecting biodiversity and who should bear those costs are among the key policy considerations. Given the size of biotic resources in the U.S., costs for identifying and protecting these resources will be high. A national policy should define biodiversity, articulate goals, coordinate competing objectives, create a mechanism for setting priorities, and identify a leadership role for the U.S. federal government. JF - Fisheries AU - Titus, T R AD - US EPA, Off. Policy, Plann., and Eval., 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 31 EP - 34 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0363-2415, 0363-2415 KW - biodiversity KW - biological diversity KW - cost analysis KW - government policy KW - setting goals KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - environmental protection KW - nature conservation KW - USA KW - ecosystem management KW - species diversity KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16207736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries&rft.atitle=Biodiversity%3A+The+need+for+a+national+policy.&rft.au=Titus%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Titus&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries&rft.issn=03632415&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nature conservation; ecosystem management; cost analysis; environmental protection; species diversity; government policy; biological diversity; USA; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A watershed nitrogen and phosphorus balance: The upper Potomac River basin. AN - 16203960; 2737144 AB - Nitrogen and phosphorus mass balances were estimated for the portion of the Potomac River basin watershed located above Washington, D.C. The total nitrogen (N) balance included seven input source terms, six sinks and one "change-in-storage" term, but was simplified to five input terms and three output terms. The phosphorus (P) balance had four input and three output terms. The estimated balances are based on watershed data from seven information sources. Major sources of nitrogen are animal waste and atmospheric deposition. The major sources of phosphorus are animal waste and fertilizer. The major sink for nitrogen is combined denitrification, volatilization, and change-in-storage. The major sink for phosphorus is change-in-storage. River exports of N and P were 17% and 8%, respectively, of the total N and P inputs. Over 60% of the N and P were volatilized or stored. The major input and output terms on the budget are estimated from direct measurements, but the change-in-storage term is calculated by differences. The factors regulating retention and storage processes are discussed and research needs are identified. JF - Estuaries AU - Jaworski, NA AU - Groffman, P M AU - Keller, A A AU - Prager, J C AD - US EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 83 EP - 95 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - Potomac R. basin KW - agricultural runoff KW - atmospheric precipitations KW - nutrient sinks KW - organic wastes KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - fertilizers KW - phosphorus cycle KW - Freshwater KW - nitrogen cycle KW - USA, Potomac R. basin KW - denitrification KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16203960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=A+watershed+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+balance%3A+The+upper+Potomac+River+basin.&rft.au=Jaworski%2C+NA%3BGroffman%2C+P+M%3BKeller%2C+A+A%3BPrager%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Jaworski&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fertilizers; nitrogen cycle; phosphorus cycle; atmospheric precipitations; organic wastes; denitrification; agricultural runoff; USA, Potomac R. basin; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Taxonomic level sufficient for assessing a moderate impact on macrobenthic communities in Puget Sound, Washington, USA. AN - 16202669; 2740722 AB - Macrobenthic data obtained using three sampling schemes previously identified as optimal or near-optimal for detecting differences between a reference and a moderately impacted station when animals were identified to species were reanalyzed at the genus, family, order, and phylum level to determine the taxonomic level sufficient to detect differences between the stations with t-tests on five measures of community structure. This and a previous study indicate that one could reliably detect moderate benthic impacts at the study site on number of taxa and five other measures of community structure with five to seven replicate 0.06-m super(2) x 8-cm-deep, 1.0-mm-mesh samples per station and identification to family only. Taxonomic sufficiency can vary depending upon the animal size fraction sampled and the measure used. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Ferraro, S P AU - Cole, F A AD - U.S. EPA, Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365-5260, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1184 EP - 1188 VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - biological sampling KW - marine pollution KW - benthos KW - INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound KW - pollution detection KW - taxonomy KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16202669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Taxonomic+level+sufficient+for+assessing+a+moderate+impact+on+macrobenthic+communities+in+Puget+Sound%2C+Washington%2C+USA.&rft.au=Ferraro%2C+S+P%3BCole%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Incl. bibliogr.: 37 ref. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological sampling; marine pollution; benthos; taxonomy; pollution detection; INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping of benthic enrichment patterns in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. AN - 16202539; 2740695 AB - A synoptic reconnaissance survey was performed over a five-day period in Aug. 1988 to assess benthic habitat quality throughout Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, using REMOTS) sediment-profile photography and analysis in combination with measurements of the levels of Clostridium perfringens spores (a fecal indicator) in sediments. Three main areas of degraded benthic habitat quality related to either excessive organic enrichment or physical disturbance were identified based solely on the REMOTS) analysis. Sediments at many stations in these areas exhibited shallow apparent redox-potential discontinuity (RPD) depths, high apparent oxygen demand, and low-order benthic successional stages. Elevated Clostridium perfringens spore counts in surface sediments were attributed to inputs from wastewater treatment facilities. The highest spore counts occurred at the head of the bay, where wastewater treatment discharges and associated combined sewer overflows are numerous. Using data from the REMOTS) analysis and the sediment inventory of C. perfringens spores, a distinction was made between organic enrichment of the bottom from sewage, versus nonsewage enrichment or physical disturbance. The combination of techniques employed in this investigation could be used to design more efficient monitoring programs to assess eutrophication effects in estuaries. JF - Estuaries AU - Valente, R M AU - Rhoads, D C AU - Germano, J D AU - Cabelli, V J AD - Science Applications Int. Corp., Mar. Serv. Branch, c/o EPA, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 17 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - ANW, USA, Narragansett Bay KW - REMOTS KW - Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay KW - USA, Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay KW - benthic environment KW - cysts KW - nutrient enrichment KW - nutrients KW - organic wastes KW - pollution indicators KW - sediment analysis KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - brackishwater pollution KW - mapping KW - sediment pollution KW - estuaries KW - sediments KW - pollution effects KW - Marine KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Brackish KW - eutrophication KW - remote sensing KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - A 01108:Other water systems KW - J 02905:Water KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16202539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Mapping+of+benthic+enrichment+patterns+in+Narragansett+Bay%2C+Rhode+Island.&rft.au=Valente%2C+R+M%3BRhoads%2C+D+C%3BGermano%2C+J+D%3BCabelli%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Valente&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollution indicators; brackishwater pollution; sediment pollution; mapping; estuaries; cysts; organic wastes; eutrophication; sediments; sediment analysis; pollution effects; benthic environment; remote sensing; nutrient enrichment; nutrients; Clostridium perfringens; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental investments: The cost of cleaning up. AN - 16165777; 2700287 JF - ENVIRONMENT. AU - Carlin, A AU - Scodari, P F AU - Garner, D H AD - Off. Policy, Plann. and Eval., U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 12 EP - 20, 38+ VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9149, 0013-9149 KW - cleaning process KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - water quality KW - economics KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16165777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENVIRONMENT.&rft.atitle=Environmental+investments%3A+The+cost+of+cleaning+up.&rft.au=Carlin%2C+A%3BScodari%2C+P+F%3BGarner%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Carlin&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENVIRONMENT.&rft.issn=00139149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - economics; pollution control; air quality; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological research at EPA: New directions. AN - 16165391; 2700359 AB - This present article describes the development of strategies for ecological research within ORD. The laboratories of the Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems, and Quality Assurance and the Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research (OEPER) conduct most of this research. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Kutz, F W AU - Linthurst, R A AU - Riordan, C AU - Slimak, M AU - Frederick, R AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 860 EP - 867 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - EPA KW - research programmes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - monitoring systems KW - ecology KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16165391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Ecological+research+at+EPA%3A+New+directions.&rft.au=Kutz%2C+F+W%3BLinthurst%2C+R+A%3BRiordan%2C+C%3BSlimak%2C+M%3BFrederick%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kutz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ecology; monitoring systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pollution prevention methods in the surface coating industry. AN - 16162693; 2703116 AB - The focus of this paper will be to examine the paints and coatings industry and those pollution prevention methods that are being applied to meet these environmental pressures. It will review the life cycle of paints and coatings; from its inception in manufacturing facility to its ultimate application and disposal. It will also review developing low VOC technologies that are being considered worldwide to comply with increasing VOC regulations. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Randall, P M AD - U.S. EPA, Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Pollut. Prev. Res. Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 275 EP - 295 VL - 29 IS - 2 KW - coatings KW - chemical industry KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - volatile organic compounds KW - emission control KW - pollution control KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16162693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+screening+batteries+for+neurotoxicants.&rft.au=Veronesi%2C+B&rft.aulast=Veronesi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollution control; emission control; volatile organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution and the duration of acute respiratory symptoms. AN - 16160331; 2700298 AB - The possibility that air pollution exposure can extend the duration of respiratory symptoms was examined in a diary study of student nurses. This diary study has already shown associations between air pollution and incidence rates of respiratory symptoms. After individual risk factors and temperature were controlled for, photochemical oxidants were significantly (p < .0001) associated with the duration of episodes of coughing, phlegm, and sore throat. Some heterogeneity of response to oxidants was seen; there was little effect on asthmatics, but the impact increased as family income increased. plots of the mean duration of symptoms, by quintiles of oxidants, for which the other covariates were controlled, showed strong signs of a dose-response relationship for coughing and phlegm and moderate signs of a monotonic dose-response relationship for sore throat. JF - Archives of Environmental Health AU - Schwartz, J AD - US EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 116 EP - 122 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - air pollution KW - dose response effects KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - respiratory system KW - environmental health KW - risk assessment KW - H SM9.31:INHALATION INJURIES KW - H SM6.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16160331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+and+the+duration+of+acute+respiratory+symptoms.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - respiratory system; risk assessment; environmental health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation results of single refrigerants for use in a dual-circuit refrigerator/freezer. AN - 16155217; 2701497 AB - Refrigerator/freezers (RFs) currently use the refrigerant Chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CFC-12), a chemical banned by international protocol because it destroys the earth's stratospheric ozone layer. RFs are also among the highest energy consumers in most households in the United States after heating, air-conditioning, and water heating. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is interested in phasing out CFCs in RFs to minimize stratospheric ozone depletion while simultaneously making RFs more energy efficient to minimize global warming. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Bare, J C AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 185 EP - 208 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - simulation KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - ozone KW - boundary layers KW - air conditioning KW - chlorofluorocarbons KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16155217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Simulation+results+of+single+refrigerants+for+use+in+a+dual-circuit+refrigerator%2Ffreezer.&rft.au=Bare%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Bare&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorofluorocarbons; air conditioning; ozone; boundary layers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A ten year review of plastics recycling. AN - 16154913; 2703763 AB - A short history of the practice of plastics recycling as practiced in the United States and Europe for the past ten years indicates that much progress has been made in educating the public sector about the environmental damage done by the indiscriminating disposal of plastic items and potential opportunities to recycle them. Recent legislation has made the collection of some discarded plastic articles more efficient, and has provided economic incentives to recover and reuse waste plastics. A discussion of the methods of collecting, separating, cleaning, and fabrication of plastic wastes into useful items leads to the conclusion that much work is yet to be done to develop more efficient ways to perform these tasks. In addition, improvements in blending the disparate plastic materials in wastes could lead to the production of better products made from recycled materials. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Howell, S G AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, 26 Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 143 EP - 164 VL - 29 IS - 2 KW - plastics KW - United States KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - recycling KW - materials recovery KW - Europe KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16154913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=A+ten+year+review+of+plastics+recycling.&rft.au=Howell%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Europe; recycling; materials recovery ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Toxics Release iIventory. AN - 16153875; 2697426 AB - The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is required by section 313 of the 1986 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. By law, all manufacturing facilities that employ ten or more persons full time must provide annual emissions estimates for over 300 toxic chemicals and 20 chemical categories which are manufactured, processed, or used in excess of certain threshold amounts. This paper summarizes the data available, through the TRI, for 1987 and 1988 releases and transfers of listed toxic chemicals. The data are described at greater length in EPA reports (1); the data contained in the TRI is used by Congress and Federal and State government agencies, the press, public interest groups, industry, and the public. JF - HAZARDOUS WASTE HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Doa, MJ AD - US EPA, 401 M St. S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 61 EP - 72 VL - 9 IS - 1 KW - surveys KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - data bases KW - toxic materials KW - emissions KW - emergency preparedness KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SE4.2:DATA ANALYSIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16153875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=The+Toxics+Release+iIventory.&rft.au=Doa%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Doa&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - emergency preparedness; data bases; toxic materials; emissions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical substitution for 1,1,1-trichloroethane and methanol in an industrial cleaning operation. AN - 16152482; 2703797 AB - This paper presents the results of a study evaluating the waste reduction/pollution prevention that can be achieved by substituting dilute limonene solutions for TCA and methanol in the cleaning of orthopedic implants (e.g. metal knee and hip joint replacements). This paper describes the original cleaning process, the modifications made to the process in using the dilute limonene solution, and the sampling plan used in evaluating the effectiveness of the solution. The paper presents qualitative results of the sampling tests and an economic evaluation of plant modifications. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Brown, L M AU - Springer, J AU - Bower, M AD - U.S. EPA, Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 179 EP - 188 VL - 29 IS - 2 KW - 1,1,1-trichloroethane KW - methanol KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - economics KW - cleaning process KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16152482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Chemical+substitution+for+1%2C1%2C1-trichloroethane+and+methanol+in+an+industrial+cleaning+operation.&rft.au=Brown%2C+L+M%3BSpringer%2C+J%3BBower%2C+M&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cleaning process; waste management; economics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The composition of motor vehicle organic emissions under elevated temperature summer driving conditions (75 to 105 degree F). AN - 16150792; 2701524 AB - Emissions from seven late-model popular V-6 and V-8 motor vehicles were characterized at three test temperatures. The Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule was used for vehicle tailpipe testing. Six vehicles fueled by port fuel injection (PFI) and one vehicle with a carbureted fuel system were tested at temperatures of 75, 90, and 105 degree F with unleaded regular summer grade gasoline. Tailpipe and evaporative emissions were determined at each test temperature. Measured emissions were the total hydrocarbons (THCs), speciated hydrocarbons, speciated aldehydes, carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO sub(x)), benzene, and 1,3-butadiene. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Stump, F D AU - Knapp, K T AU - Ray, W D AU - Snow, R AU - Burton, C AD - Atmos. Res. and Exp. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 152 EP - 158 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - temperature KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - urban areas KW - gasoline KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H ST2.26:EMISSIONS AND EMISSION CONTROL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16150792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=The+composition+of+motor+vehicle+organic+emissions+under+elevated+temperature+summer+driving+conditions+%2875+to+105+degree+F%29.&rft.au=Stump%2C+F+D%3BKnapp%2C+K+T%3BRay%2C+W+D%3BSnow%2C+R%3BBurton%2C+C&rft.aulast=Stump&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - automotive exhaust emissions; urban areas; gasoline ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical and chemical characterization of indoor aerosols resulting from the use of tap water in portable home humidifiers. AN - 16150523; 2701411 AB - Indoor PM sub(10) concentrations exceeding 150 mu g/m super(3) were observed when ultrasonic and impeller humidifiers, charged with tap water, were operated under whole-house conditions. Microscopic analysis confirmed that the resulting particles were predominantly submicron spheres with mineral composition reflecting that of the charging water. Elements measured in high concentrations were uniformly present as soluble salts in both the fine and coarse particles, with small differences observed between the ultrasonic and impeller humidifier-generated aerosols. Nearly 50% of the 39 commercial bottled water samples collected across the United States had dissolved mineral concentrations exceeding 10 mg/L, with 4 samples exceeding 100 mg/L. JF - Environmental Science and Technology AU - Highsmith, V R AU - Hardy, R J AU - Costa, D L AU - Germani AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 673 EP - 680 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - physicochemical properties KW - humidifiers KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - indoor environments KW - aerosols KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16150523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Physical+and+chemical+characterization+of+indoor+aerosols+resulting+from+the+use+of+tap+water+in+portable+home+humidifiers.&rft.au=Highsmith%2C+V+R%3BHardy%2C+R+J%3BCosta%2C+D+L%3BGermani&rft.aulast=Highsmith&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=673&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - indoor environments; water quality; aerosols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor asbestos concentrations associated with the use of asbestos-contaminated tap water in portable home humidifiers. AN - 16149500; 2701487 AB - One ultrasonic and one impeller humidifier were charged with asbestos-contaminated waters (0.057-280.0 BAS/L) and individually operated in a room-sized chamber to evaluate the potential for portable home humidifiers to aerosolize suspended materials contained in the charging waters. The resulting aerosol concentrations were highly correlated with both the charging water total solids concentrations and the humidifier emission rates. TEM analysis showed the ultrasonic humidifier aerosol as primarily < 6- mu m-long, thin, individual fibers, which also served as an axis for a smaller dissolved minerals residual particle. The impeller humidifier aerosol consisted of slightly longer fibers (< 8 mu m), including one 13.9- mu m fiber, and a higher concentration of clumps. JF - Environmental Science and Technology AU - Hardy, R J AU - Highsmith, V R AU - Costa, D L AU - Krewer, JA AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 680 EP - 689 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - indoor environments KW - humidifiers KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - water quality KW - asbestos KW - contamination KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Indoor+asbestos+concentrations+associated+with+the+use+of+asbestos-contaminated+tap+water+in+portable+home+humidifiers.&rft.au=Hardy%2C+R+J%3BHighsmith%2C+V+R%3BCosta%2C+D+L%3BKrewer%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=680&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asbestos; contamination; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The behavior of arsenic in a rotary kiln incinerator. AN - 16149404; 2701472 AB - A research test program which focused on the partitioning of environmentally sensitive metals that resulted from controlled incineration of multi-contaminated soils (organics and metals) was carried out at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Incineration Research Facility (IRF). A synthetic matrix and an actual Superfund soil were the systems from which the partitioning of arsenic was measured. Incineration variables of kiln exit temperature, afterburner exit temperature, chlorine content and initial arsenic concentration were tested. The amount of arsenic partitioned to the ash was found to be dependent on kiln temperature, but independent of afterburner exit temperature and feed chlorine content. A distinct difference in arsenic volatility was observed between the different soil matrices, and the TCLP values for arsenic in the kiln ash of the Superfund soil was affected by the combustion conditions. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Thurnau, R C AU - Fournier, D Jr AD - Risk Reduc. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 179 EP - 184 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - research programmes KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - arsenic KW - incineration plants KW - contamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=The+behavior+of+arsenic+in+a+rotary+kiln+incinerator.&rft.au=Thurnau%2C+R+C%3BFournier%2C+D+Jr&rft.aulast=Thurnau&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; incineration plants; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ELISA of simazine in soil: Applications for a field leaching study. AN - 16149122; 2697653 AB - The California Department of Pesticide Regulation is mandated to protect groundwater from pesticide contamination. One way of controlling pesticide leaching to groundwater is by regulating the amount and timing of irrigation after pesticide application on the soil surface. Pignatello (1989) has reported that longer interaction time between pesticide residues and soil components leads to the formation of tightly bound residues which could be less mobile in soil water. To test this hypothesis, a field study was designed to determine whether a delay in irrigation after application of simazine to soil influences pesticide leaching. This generated soil samples containing the triazine herbicide, simazine, suitable for quantification using ELISA. This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of ELISA in comparison with gas chromatography (GC) for the analysis of simazine residues in soil samples. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Goh, K S AU - Richman, S J AU - Troiano, J AU - Garretson, CL AU - Hernandez, J AU - Hsu, J AU - White, J AU - Barry, T A AU - Ray, M AD - Environ. Hazards Assess. Program, California Dep. Pestic. Regul., California EPA, 1220 N St., Sacramento, CA 95814, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 554 EP - 560 VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - soils KW - simazine KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - groundwater pollution KW - leaching KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=ELISA+of+simazine+in+soil%3A+Applications+for+a+field+leaching+study.&rft.au=Goh%2C+K+S%3BRichman%2C+S+J%3BTroiano%2C+J%3BGarretson%2C+CL%3BHernandez%2C+J%3BHsu%2C+J%3BWhite%2C+J%3BBarry%2C+T+A%3BRay%2C+M&rft.aulast=Goh&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=554&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - leaching; groundwater pollution; gas chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's research projects relating to the dual-circuit and Lorenz refrigerator/freezers. AN - 16145374; 2697562 AB - With the signing of the Montreal Protocol by the United States and other countries, a commitment has been made to the world's population to phase out the use of fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. Refrigerator/freezers (RFs) currently use CFC-12 as the refrigerant and CFC-11 as the insulation foam blowing agent. RFs are also among the highest energy consumers in most households in the United States after heating, air-conditioning, and water heating. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is interested in not only phasing out CFCs in RFs, but doing so in a way that will maximize energy efficiency and minimize subsequent impacts on the greenhouse effect. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Bare, J C AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 68 EP - 69 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - chlorofluorocarbons KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - energy conservation KW - greenhouse effect KW - air conditioning KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16145374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+research+projects+relating+to+the+dual-circuit+and+Lorenz+refrigerator%2Ffreezers.&rft.au=Bare%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Bare&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air conditioning; greenhouse effect; energy conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA SITE demonstration of the BioTrol soil washing process. AN - 16145240; 2697592 AB - A pilot-scale soil washing process, patented by BioTrol, Inc., was demonstrated on soil contaminated by wood treating waste, primarily pentachlorophenol (PCP) and creosote-derived polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although soil washing was the main object of this demonstration, the treatment train that was evaluated included two other BioTrol technologies for treatment of waste streams from the soil washer. The three technologies were: The BioTrol Soil Washer (BSW)--a volume reduction process, which uses water to separate contaminated soil fractions from the bulk of the soil. The BioTrol Aqueous Treatment System (BATS)--a biological water treatment process. The Slurry Bioreactor (SBR)--a BioTrol biological slurry treatment process conducted in an EIMCO BIOLIFT super(tm) reactor. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Stinson, M K AU - Skovronek, H S AU - Ellis, W D AD - U.S. EPA, Edison, NJ, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 96 EP - 103 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste treatment KW - wood KW - slurries KW - separation processes KW - biological treatment KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16145240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=EPA+SITE+demonstration+of+the+BioTrol+soil+washing+process.&rft.au=Stinson%2C+M+K%3BSkovronek%2C+H+S%3BEllis%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Stinson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biological treatment; separation processes; slurries; waste treatment; wood ER - TY - CONF T1 - Exposure of humans to a volatile organic mixture. III. Inflammatory response. AN - 16108866; 2663304 AB - A set of symptoms has been described during the past two decades that has been called the "sick building syndrome." These symptoms include eye, nose, and throat irritation; headache; mental fatigue; and respiratory distress. It is likely that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in synthetic materials used in homes and office buildings contribute to these symptoms. However, there have been very few studies in which humans have been exposed to known amounts of VOCs under carefully controlled conditions. In this study, 14 subjects were exposed to a mixture of VOCs (25 mg/m super(3) total hydrocarbon) that is representative of what is found in new homes and office buildings. Because irritations of the nose and throat are symptoms often associated with the upper respiratory tract and may result from an inflammatory response in the upper airways, we used nasal lavage to monitor neutrophil (PMN) influx into the nasal passages following exposure to VOCs. JF - Archives of Environmental Health AU - Koren, H S AU - Graham, DE AU - Devlin, R B Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 39 EP - 44 VL - 47 IS - 1 KW - humans KW - Sick Building Syndrome KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - inhalation KW - indoor environments KW - volatile organic compounds KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SM9.31:INHALATION INJURIES KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16108866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Exposure+of+humans+to+a+volatile+organic+mixture.+III.+Inflammatory+response.&rft.au=Koren%2C+H+S%3BGraham%2C+DE%3BDevlin%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Koren&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of toxicity information in risk assessment for accidental releases of toxic gases. AN - 16105535; 2660367 AB - Decision-making regarding the management of accidental chemical releases requires toxicologic input in the form of specific chemical concentration limits ("toxicity values"). Toxicologic concerns include protection against lethality and other irreversible effects, serious health effects that could tax medical delivery systems, and impairment of respiration, vision, judgement or mobility. Currently there are a number acute exposure guidelines developed by expert committees for application to occupational or military settings or for the general population. The values for many chemicals span a 100-fold range. Thus, evaluation of existing guidelines is needed to identify those which adequately protect the public. An alternate approach would be development of clearly defined procedures for identifying toxicity values. Such procedures could be used by government agencies to incorporate new scientific information as well as site-specific concerns, without having to reconvene an expert committee. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Alexeeff, G AU - Lewis, D AU - Lipsett, M AD - Off. Environ. Health Hazard Assess., CAL-EPA, 2151 Berkeley Way, Annex 11, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 387 EP - 403 VL - 29 IS - 3 KW - toxicity KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - accidents KW - data collection KW - decision making KW - gases KW - risk assessment KW - H SE3.4:ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16105535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Use+of+toxicity+information+in+risk+assessment+for+accidental+releases+of+toxic+gases.&rft.au=Alexeeff%2C+G%3BLewis%2C+D%3BLipsett%2C+M&rft.aulast=Alexeeff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gases; accidents; decision making; risk assessment; data collection ER - TY - CONF T1 - Exposure of humans to a volatile organic mixture. I. Behavioral assessment. AN - 16104143; 2663330 AB - Exposure to a low-level mixture of volatile organic compounds, typical of those found in new buildings, has been reported to impair neurobehavioral function in persons who have experienced sick building syndrome (SBS). Sixty-six healthy young males who had no history of chemical sensitivity were exposed for 2.75 h to a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds at 0 and 25 mg/m super(3). Even though subjects reported more fatigue and more mental confusion following exposure to volatile organic compounds than to clean air, performance on 13 neurobehavioral tests was not affected. Practice or learning effects were observed if administration of many behavioral tests were repeated. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship of exposure to volatile organic chemicals, neurobehavioral performance, and subject characteristics, e.g., age, gender, and chemical sensitivity. JF - Archives of Environmental Health AU - Otto, DA AU - Hudnell, H K AU - House, DE AU - Moelhave, L AU - Counts, W Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 23 EP - 30 VL - 47 IS - 1 KW - volatile organic compounds KW - Sick Building Syndrome KW - neurology KW - behaviour KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - indoor environments KW - humans KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16104143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Exposure+of+humans+to+a+volatile+organic+mixture.+I.+Behavioral+assessment.&rft.au=Otto%2C+DA%3BHudnell%2C+H+K%3BHouse%2C+DE%3BMoelhave%2C+L%3BCounts%2C+W&rft.aulast=Otto&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple systems for calibrating and auditing SO sub(2) monitors at remote sites. AN - 16056969; 2617393 AB - Described are compact, lightweight, rugged, and simple-to-operate pollutant generating system that can be used to calibrate and to audit SO sub(2) and possibly other ambient air monitors located at inaccessible sites. The field and laboratory experiments done during the development of these systems are also described. The laboratory studies indicated that the systems could also be used for NO sub(2), but the field tests were inconclusive. The portion of the systems used to generate the dilution air is sufficiently inexpensive and modular that many networks could dedicate one zero (dilution) air system to each field site. The systems use a diaphragm pump, a cartridge containing Purafil/silica gel, a cartridge containing silica gel, a flow measuring system, and a low output permeation tube to generate pollutant concentrations between 1 and 30 ppbv with an accuracy (for SO sub(2)) of better than 2 ppbv. To avoid using a temperature control device such as a bath or oven, the output of the permeation tube as a function of temperature is determined in the laboratory. At the field site, the temperature of the dilution air flowing over the permeation device and the barometric pressure are used to determine the output of the permeation device. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Mitchell, W J AU - Hines AU - Bowen, JA AU - Dowler, O L AU - Barnard, W F AD - U.S. EPA, Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 191 EP - 194 VL - 26A IS - 1 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - sulphur dioxide KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - temperature KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16056969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Simple+systems+for+calibrating+and+auditing+SO+sub%282%29+monitors+at+remote+sites.&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+W+J%3BHines%3BBowen%2C+JA%3BDowler%2C+O+L%3BBarnard%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26A&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air quality; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated assessment of contaminated sediments in the lower Fox river and Green bay, Wisconsin AN - 13722779; S199242148 AB - Diversity values and relative abundance of benthos in situ in the lower Fox river sites showed that it was adversely impacted with sediment pore water and bulk sediments being toxic to several test species including Pimephales promelas, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Hexagenia limbata, Selenastrum capricornutum and Photobacterium phosphorum. Ammonia seemed an important component of this toxicity. No preneoplastic or neoplastic liver lesions were found in 3 Ictalurus species from the lower Fox river. Relatively little mutagenicity was found in sediment extracts using the Salmonella mutagenicity bioassay. There were measurable concentrations of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) and PCB in birds and sediments from several of the sites. In biota the PCB probably contributed the greatest potential potency in the lower Fox river/Green bay system. There are 62 references. JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety AU - Ankley, G T AU - Lodge, K AU - Call, D J AU - Balcer, MD AU - Brooke, L T AU - Cook, P M AU - Kreis, R G AU - Carlson, A R AU - Johnson, R D AU - Fuying, RAHoke CWWest JPGiesy PDHoke RA AU - Hoke, R A AU - Giesy, CWWest JP AU - Jones, P D AU - Fuying, Z C AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 46 EP - 63 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Aurelia KW - Birds (see also individual groups below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13722779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.atitle=Integrated+assessment+of+contaminated+sediments+in+the+lower+Fox+river+and+Green+bay%2C+Wisconsin&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BLodge%2C+K%3BCall%2C+D+J%3BBalcer%2C+MD%3BBrooke%2C+L+T%3BCook%2C+P+M%3BKreis%2C+R+G%3BCarlson%2C+A+R%3BJohnson%2C+R+D%3BFuying%2C+RAHoke+CWWest+JPGiesy+PDHoke+RA%3BHoke%2C+R+A%3BGiesy%2C+CWWest+JP%3BJones%2C+P+D%3BFuying%2C+Z+C&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Zooplankton entrainment at Swedish nuclear power plants AN - 13720533; 199201474 AB - Studies on the mortality of zooplankton during entrainment in the cooling-water systems of 4 nuclear power plants in coastal areas of Sweden are reported. Mortality of zooplankton resulting from mechanical damage and raised temperature was low, although chlorination to control fouling organisms occasionally caused increased mortality. However, filter-feeding organisms attached to the walls of the cooling system were responsible for removing about 50 per cent of the entrained zooplankton and this effect was positively correlated with the length of the cooling-water tunnels. There was little delayed mortality in most taxonomic groups, with the exception of crustaceans. At one of the plants, that some 100 tons of crustacean zooplankton were lost annually. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Karas, P AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Oregrund Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 27 EP - 32 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - Crustaceans (see also subdivisions below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13720533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Zooplankton+entrainment+at+Swedish+nuclear+power+plants&rft.au=Karas%2C+P&rft.aulast=Karas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contamination of shellfish by stool-shed viruses: methods of detection AN - 13717730; 199202090 AB - Methods of detecting viruses in shellfish are reviewed. Raw or undercooked shellfish were usually responsible for Hepatitis A and viral gastroenteritis, the most common human diseases arising from shellfish viruses. Conformity of specimens with coliform standards did not guarantee acceptable virological quality. The 2 basic methods of concentrating viruses from shellfish tissue were extraction-concentration and adsorption-elution-concentration. There were reservations about the low pH employed in the latter method. Any method chosen needed to be tested with the virus under investigation. Cell culture was the primary technique for assaying viruses. Seven methods had been reported: plaque, tissue culture infectious dose end point, enzyme immunosorbent assay, radioimmunoassay, hybridization probe, radioimmunofocus assay and immunofluorescence. Generally, the swiftest techniques were the least sensitive. Toxic components in the samples were a potential problem because they could destroy cell cultures. A standard method was desirable which could recover a range of viruses from several shellfish species, exert low toxicity and be relatively easy to perform. There are 77 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Williams, F P AU - Fout, G S AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 689 EP - 696 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Diseases (see also individual groups below) KW - Hybridized KW - Viruses (-general-) (see also individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13717730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Contamination+of+shellfish+by+stool-shed+viruses%3A+methods+of+detection&rft.au=Williams%2C+F+P%3BFout%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photocatalytic degradation of selected azo dyes AN - 13717091; 199201731 AB - Studies are reported on the degradation of 4 azo dyes (4-hydroxyazobenzene, Solvent Red 1, Acid Orange 7, and Orange G) under photocatalytic conditions using aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide and wavelengths greater than 290 nm. The chemical structures of the dyes are shown diagrammatically. Degradation followed approximately first-order kinetics. Several reaction products were identified and these suggested that oxidation by hydroxyl radicals was the principal reaction pathway and reduction with cleavage of the azo linkage was a minor pathway. JF - Chemosphere AU - Hustert, K AU - Zepp, R G AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 335 EP - 342 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Azodyes KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13717091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Photocatalytic+degradation+of+selected+azo+dyes&rft.au=Hustert%2C+K%3BZepp%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Hustert&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of elevated selenium concentrations on bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) in outdoor experimental streams AN - 13716774; 199201656 AB - Details are given of experiments on the toxicity of selenium to bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), in which the effects of selenium concentrations of 10 and 30 ug per litre on the survival, growth, and reproduction of the fish and the early life stages of their progeny were investigated over a 356 d period in outdoor experimental streams, each 520 m in length and constructed in an alternating pool/riffle design. During the final 98 d period of the study, adult fish exposed to the lower selenium concentration showed reduced survival and those exposed to the higher concentration were all killed. During an intermediate period, fish exposed to the lower concentration showed reduced growth. Exposure of adults to both concentrations of the metal for 40 weeks before spawning reduced the survival of embryos and larvae, and produced larvae with a high incidence of defects. Standard laboratory tests might under-estimate the toxicity of selenium and that a selenium concentration of 10 ug per litre in natural waters might have an adverse effect on bluegill populations. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Hermanutz, RO AU - Allen, K N AU - Roush, TH AU - Hedtke, S F AD - U.S. EPA, Monticello, Minn. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 217 EP - 224 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13716774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+elevated+selenium+concentrations+on+bluegills+%28Lepomis+macrochirus%29+in+outdoor+experimental+streams&rft.au=Hermanutz%2C+RO%3BAllen%2C+K+N%3BRoush%2C+TH%3BHedtke%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Hermanutz&rft.aufirst=RO&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative acute sensitivity of larval topsmelt, Atherinops affinis, and inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, to 11 chemicals AN - 13716166; 199201905 AB - The inland silverside (Menidia beryllina) had become a popular species of fish for use by the U.S. EPA in toxicity tests. However it would be desirable to find an indigenous species for use on the Pacific coast, and tests were carried out on the suitability of larvae of topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) for this purpose. Data are presented on the acute static 96 h LC50 values for M. beryllina and A. affinis exposed to 11 organic chemicals, details of which are also given. For 9 chemicals the high-to-low LC50 ratios for the 2 species were within a factor of less than 2, and A. affinis was more sensitive than M. beryllina to the other 2 chemicals. The relative sensitivities of A. affinis, 3 species of freshwater fish, and 1 estuarine fish are compared. A. affinis was of comparable sensitivity. It was also easily transported and cultured in the laboratory and might be a suitable indigenous species for use in hazard assessment on the U.S. Pacific coast. There are 31 references. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Hemmer, MJ AU - Middaugh, D P AU - Comparetta, V AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 401 EP - 408 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13716166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Comparative+acute+sensitivity+of+larval+topsmelt%2C+Atherinops+affinis%2C+and+inland+silverside%2C+Menidia+beryllina%2C+to+11+chemicals&rft.au=Hemmer%2C+MJ%3BMiddaugh%2C+D+P%3BComparetta%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hemmer&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transport of inorganic colloids through natural aquifer material: implications for contaminant transport AN - 13716137; 199201931 AB - To investigate specific aqueous chemical effects on the mobility of colloids and their transport in aquifers, batch and column experiments were carried out on the movement of ferrous oxide particles, labelled with iron-59, through natural porous aquifer material. The effects of flow rate, pH value, ionic strength, electrolyte composition, particle concentration, and particle size were investigated. The most important factors were particle size and the ionic composition of the supporting electrolyte. In further experiments on the transport of arsenate, the rate of transport of colloid-associated arsenate was over 21 times greater than that of arsenate in solution. The importance of including chemical parameters affecting stability and transport of colloids when modelling transport of contaminants in aquifers is stressed. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Puls, R W AU - Powell, R M AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 614 EP - 621 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Arsenates KW - Columns KW - Inorganic -- (see also without this prefix) KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13716137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Transport+of+inorganic+colloids+through+natural+aquifer+material%3A+implications+for+contaminant+transport&rft.au=Puls%2C+R+W%3BPowell%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Puls&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimizing chloride interferences produced by combination acid digestion using palladium and hydrogen as a matrix in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry AN - 13716020; 199201189 AB - The reduction of chloride interference in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy was investigated with palladium and magnesium nitrates as matrix modifiers and 5 per cent hydrogen introduced into argon purge gas. Suppressions of 15-90 per cent for arsenic, tin, lead, cadmium and thallium were produced by 10 ulitre of 2 per cent hydrochloric acid with palladium/magnesium nitrate modifier. The further introduction of hydrogen during the dry and char reduced the suppression of lead, cadmium and thallium below 5 per cent. For lead, chloride had to be removed before the higher temperature char. Tin suppression was best effected by omitting the magnesium. In the analysis of selenium, hydrogen had to be purged from the furnace prior to atomization or response was reduced by 18 per cent. Using these techniques, recoveries of metals from drinking, well and pond waters were 88-118 per cent. There are 31 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Creed, J AU - Martin, T AU - Lobring, L AU - O'Dell, J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 102 EP - 106 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pb KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13716020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Minimizing+chloride+interferences+produced+by+combination+acid+digestion+using+palladium+and+hydrogen+as+a+matrix+in+graphite+furnace+atomic+absorption+spectrometry&rft.au=Creed%2C+J%3BMartin%2C+T%3BLobring%2C+L%3BO%27Dell%2C+J&rft.aulast=Creed&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of low dissolved oxygen on survival, growth and reproduction of Daphnia, Hyalella and Gammarus AN - 13715882; 199202017 AB - To obtain data for establishing improved water quality criteria, 4 species of freshwater crustaceans (Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Hyalella azteca, and Gammarus lacustris) were exposed in the laboratory to low concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Data are presented on test conditions, LC50 values, and highest-adverse-effect and lowest no-adverse-effect concentrations, and graphs are included showing the effects of different low oxygen concentrations on survival, growth, and numbers of young. All 4 species were more tolerant of low dissolved oxygen than are most species of fish included in the present U.S. EPA water quality criteria document. Dissolved-oxygen criteria for protection of fish would be adequate for protection of freshwater crustaceans. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Nebeker, A V AU - Onjukka, ST AU - Stevens, D G AU - Chapman, G A AU - Dominguez, SE AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 373 EP - 379 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Crustaceans (see also subdivisions below) KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13715882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+low+dissolved+oxygen+on+survival%2C+growth+and+reproduction+of+Daphnia%2C+Hyalella+and+Gammarus&rft.au=Nebeker%2C+A+V%3BOnjukka%2C+ST%3BStevens%2C+D+G%3BChapman%2C+G+A%3BDominguez%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Nebeker&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of fenvalerate on the early life stages of topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) AN - 13715855; 199202032 AB - The effect of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, fenvalerate, on topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) was investigated in flow-through acute and early-life-stage tests. The 96 h LC50 value for juvenile fish was estimated to be 0.66 ug per litre. In the 30 d early-life-stage test, with pesticide concentrations up to 3.2 ug per litre, survival of embryos to hatching ranged from 94 to 100 per cent. No fry survived exposure to pesticide concentrations of 0.82 ug per litre and above, while at lower concentrations there was 86-97 per cent survival. Although mean fish weights differed significantly between the early-life-stage tests, the differences were not consistent or concentration-dependent. The average bioconcentration factor estimated for fish exposed to 0.14-0.34 ug per litre was 315. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Goodman, L R AU - Hemmer, MJ AU - Middaugh, D P AU - Moore, J C AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 409 EP - 414 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Concentration-dependent KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Pyrethroid insecticide KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13715855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fenvalerate+on+the+early+life+stages+of+topsmelt+%28Atherinops+affinis%29&rft.au=Goodman%2C+L+R%3BHemmer%2C+MJ%3BMiddaugh%2C+D+P%3BMoore%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydroxyl radical formation in aqueous reactions (pH 3-8) of iron(II) with hydrogen peroxide: the photo-Fenton reaction AN - 13715100; 199201547 AB - Kinetic studies were carried out under various conditions to test the hypothesis that the hydroxyl radical was the transient oxidant of trace probe compounds (nitrobenzene and anisole) in the photo-Fenton reaction. Ferrous iron and its oxalate, citrate, and phosphate complexes reacted efficiently with hydrogen peroxide to produce hydroxyl radicals in water over the pH range 3-8. These reactions were an important pathway for oxidation processes in the environment, and could be used in the treatment of polluted water. There are 48 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Zepp, R G AU - Faust, B C AU - Hoigne, J AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 313 EP - 319 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Citrate KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13715100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Hydroxyl+radical+formation+in+aqueous+reactions+%28pH+3-8%29+of+iron%28II%29+with+hydrogen+peroxide%3A+the+photo-Fenton+reaction&rft.au=Zepp%2C+R+G%3BFaust%2C+B+C%3BHoigne%2C+J&rft.aulast=Zepp&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a pentachlorophenol immunoassay for environmental water samples AN - 13715001; 199203050 AB - Details are given of a 96 well microplate immunoassay suitable for screening water samples for the presence of pentachlorophenol (PCP), and results are presented from tests carried out at 2 laboratories on its application to different samples of drinking water, groundwater and surface water. The results were compared with those obtained by gas chromatography. Although gas chromatography was more accurate, it was time-consuming and more expensive. The immunoassay procedure could provide a rapid low-cost alternative for screening of samples; it was sensitive to the target compound and somewhat sensitive to highly-related compounds, had a high sample capacity, had a false positive rate of less than 10 per cent, and gave no false negative results. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - van Emon, JM AU - Gerlach, R W AD - U.S. EPA, Las Vegas, Nev. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 635 EP - 642 VL - 48 IS - 5 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13715001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+pentachlorophenol+immunoassay+for+environmental+water+samples&rft.au=van+Emon%2C+JM%3BGerlach%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=van+Emon&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity reduction evaluation at a municipal wastewater treatment plant using mutagenicity as an endpoint AN - 13714786; 199203098 AB - Previous studies showed that effluents from several municipal sewage works were mutagenic, and further studies had been carried out at 1 plant to identify the individual toxicants and their sources. The Salmonella/microsome assay was applied to methylene chloride extracts of the plant influent and effluent and to 4 selected industrial waste waters entering the plant. About two-thirds of the mutagenic activity passed through the plant, suggesting that the compounds responsible were refractory to conventional biological treatment. Three of the industrial waste waters, all from paper products plants, showed no significant mutagenic activity, but a coke works waste water had high mutagenic activity and could account for all the mutagenicity entering the sewage works. Sequential extraction of the coke works waste water into neutral, basic and acidic fractions showed that 93 per cent of the mutagenic activity was associated with the neutral factors. A C-18 fractionation column technique was useful for separating mutagenicity of the coke waste from its toxicity to fathead minnows. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Doerger, JU AU - Meier, J R AU - Dobbs, R A AU - Johnson, R D AU - Ankley, G T AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 384 EP - 388 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Columns KW - Methylene chloride KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13714786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+reduction+evaluation+at+a+municipal+wastewater+treatment+plant+using+mutagenicity+as+an+endpoint&rft.au=Doerger%2C+JU%3BMeier%2C+J+R%3BDobbs%2C+R+A%3BJohnson%2C+R+D%3BAnkley%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Doerger&rft.aufirst=JU&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of chlorate in hypochlorite solutions used for drinking water disinfection AN - 13714438; 199203805 AB - In the coarse of field studies on byproducts of disinfection in drinking water, chlorate was detected in water at 2 plants using hypochlorite solution for disinfection. Tests were therefore carried out on the occurrence of chlorate in samples of raw and treated water and hypochlorite solutions from 14 sites using hypochlorite for chlorination, and the results are tabulated. Hypochlorite solutions used to disinfect drinking water contained significant amounts of chlorate and chlorate was also present in the water disinfected with the hypochlorite. The hypochlorite solutions also contained traces of chlorite and bromate. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Bolyard, M AU - Fair, P S AU - Hautman, D P AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1663 EP - 1665 VL - 26 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Drinking water disinfection KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13714438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+chlorate+in+hypochlorite+solutions+used+for+drinking+water+disinfection&rft.au=Bolyard%2C+M%3BFair%2C+P+S%3BHautman%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Bolyard&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acidification and critical loads in Nordic countries: a background AN - 13714283; 199203886 AB - The evolution and use of the critical load concept for the reduction of acidic emissions of sulphur and nitrogen in Europe is reviewed. The extent of acidification and eutrophication in Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden) is described. Critical loads were thresholds of damage which indicated the degree to which deposition would have to be reduced if emissions were to be acceptable. The development of the concept is described. Based on the critical load concept, individual countries set deposition goals called target loads. If critical loads for acidification and nitrogen deposition could be reached there would be the potential for improved environmental conditions in coastal sea and brackish water areas of Europe, a decrease in the effects of ozone, a reduced rate of stratospheric ozone depletion, and a reduction in erosion of man-made structures. JF - Ambio AU - Brodin, Y W AU - Kuylenstierna, JCI AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solna, Sweden Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 332 EP - 338 VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - Reduction KW - Sea water (see also marine -----) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13714283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Acidification+and+critical+loads+in+Nordic+countries%3A+a+background&rft.au=Brodin%2C+Y+W%3BKuylenstierna%2C+JCI&rft.aulast=Brodin&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Procedure for preserving lead in drinking water samples AN - 13713944; 199203405 AB - Concern about the dangers of nitric acid to untrained personnel taking water samples for lead analysis prompted an investigation in whether prompt acidification was necessary. Distribution samples were collected and split into 4 subsamples in polyethylene bottles. Two samples were acidified within 2 h and the others after 14 d. Following a further 28 h, analysis was carried out with and without additional acid digestion. No significant differences were observed. it was possible that longer delay periods before acidification, and shorter times than 28 h after acidification, would also give acceptable results. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Feldmann, C R AU - Walasek, J B AU - Lobring, L B AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 89 EP - 91 VL - 84 IS - 7 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Analysis KW - Hazard KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13713944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Procedure+for+preserving+lead+in+drinking+water+samples&rft.au=Feldmann%2C+C+R%3BWalasek%2C+J+B%3BLobring%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Feldmann&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of pollution in large-scale population disturbances: part 1: aquatic populations AN - 13713730; 199203862 AB - Published information on the occurrence and causes of large-scale pollution-related disturbances to populations of marine and freshwater aquatic organisms, including dolphins, seals, coral reefs, sea urchins, fish and phytoplankton is reviewed. There are 53 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Sarokin, D AU - Schulkin, J AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1476 EP - 1484 VL - 26 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13713730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+pollution+in+large-scale+population+disturbances%3A+part+1%3A+aquatic+populations&rft.au=Sarokin%2C+D%3BSchulkin%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sarokin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of some polyhalogenated organic pollutants in sediment and sewage sludge AN - 13713425; 199203557 AB - A laminated sediment core collected in the southern part of the Baltic Proper was analysed for DDT compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) including the coplanar congeners, polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN). Two sewage sludge samples were also analysed for the same compounds. The results of the sediment analyses indicate the presence of PCB, DDT and PBDE compounds in sediment layers dating from the 1950s and later. Neither coplanar PCB nor PCN were detected at any level of the sediment core. The PCB concentrations indicated a slight increase in levels during the last decades, while there were no changes in the levels of DDT compounds. In contrast, TeBDE levels increased 4- to 8-fold and 1 PeBDE congener levels increased 10- to 20-fold. The results of sewage sludge analyses showed the concentration of the individual PBDE to be at about the same level as for the individual PCB congeners. The congener pattern in sludge samples indicated low-chlorinated products to be the principal PCN source. JF - Chemosphere AU - Nylund, K AU - Asplund, L AU - Jansson, B AU - Jonsson, P AU - Litzen, K AU - Sellstrom, U AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solna Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1721 EP - 1730 VL - 24 IS - 12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Analysis KW - Congener KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13713425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+some+polyhalogenated+organic+pollutants+in+sediment+and+sewage+sludge&rft.au=Nylund%2C+K%3BAsplund%2C+L%3BJansson%2C+B%3BJonsson%2C+P%3BLitzen%2C+K%3BSellstrom%2C+U&rft.aulast=Nylund&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling human exposure to contaminants from drinking water AN - 13711912; 199204087 AB - With the passing of the Safe Drinking Water Act and its amendments, there was an increased awareness of the chemical and microbiological contaminants that could be present in drinking water. Studies that had been carried out by the U.S. EPA on methods for measuring these contaminants are outlined. The need to understand changes in contamination that occurred in the distribution system between treatment and consumption is considered. The use of various distribution system/contaminant propagation models to assess the movement and fate of contaminants and to predict changes resulting from transport over a utility service area is described. Capabilities and applications of the different models (hydraulic, dynamic water quality and contaminant propagation) are discussed. These models were verified using field data and showed that concentration of a given contaminant could vary by an order of magnitude within a distribution system. JF - Aqua AU - Clark, R M AU - Goodrich, JA AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 224 EP - 230 VL - 41 IS - 4 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13711912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aqua&rft.atitle=Modelling+human+exposure+to+contaminants+from+drinking+water&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BGoodrich%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aqua&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of property-reactivity relationships in meeting the EPA's needs for environmental fate constants AN - 13711758; S199343692 AB - The U.S. EPA's need for data on the environmental fate of chemicals is discussed. The agency might consider as many as 70,000 compounds for potential risk to humans and the environment during the next 10 years. Predicting the fate and transport of each in the environment might require up to 14 kinetic and equilibrium constants, and relatively few of these were available in the literature. Laboratory measurement of the required constants would be prohibitively expensive and too slow for site-specific evaluations. The best prospect for reducing the cost and time taken to provide fate constants to reasonable levels was believed to lie in reliable computational methods. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Donaldson, W T AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 887 EP - 891 VL - 11 IS - 7 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Hazard KW - Reduction KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13711758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+role+of+property-reactivity+relationships+in+meeting+the+EPA%27s+needs+for+environmental+fate+constants&rft.au=Donaldson%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Donaldson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=887&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran levels and patterns in fish and fish-eating wildlife in the Baltic sea AN - 13711620; 199203764 AB - PCDD/F patterns in different fish species collected at the same site were different from each other indicating species differences in bioaccumulation. There were higher levels of specific congeners in older/large herring caught at the same site. There were geographical differences in PCDD/F levels and patterns in herring, pike and burbot which might be linked to specific point sources of PCDD/F. PCDD/F levels were much higher in fish-eating birds than in their major fish prey indicating biomagnification. PCDD/F levels in seals, however, did not indicate biomagnification. Levels of PCDD/F homogenates of guillemot eggs collected at 5-year intervals (1974, 1979, 1984, 1989) indicated a possible reduction in environmental PCDD/F levels during the 1980s. JF - Chemosphere AU - de Wit, C AU - Jansson, B AU - Bergek, S AU - Hjelt, M AU - Rappe, C AU - Olsson, M AU - Andersson AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solna Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 185 EP - 188 VL - 25 IS - 1/2 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Birds (see also individual groups below) KW - Congener KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13711620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxin+and+polychlorinated+dibenzofuran+levels+and+patterns+in+fish+and+fish-eating+wildlife+in+the+Baltic+sea&rft.au=de+Wit%2C+C%3BJansson%2C+B%3BBergek%2C+S%3BHjelt%2C+M%3BRappe%2C+C%3BOlsson%2C+M%3BAndersson&rft.aulast=de+Wit&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US EPA releases draft ground water disinfection rule AN - 13711547; 199204694 AB - The U.S. EPA draft groundwater disinfection rule (GWDR) is reviewed which included requirements for disinfection of source water, distribution system disinfection, qualified operators, treatment techniques, maximal contaminant level goals (MCLG), natural disinfection requirements, monitoring and analysis, reporting, and provisions for variances and exemptions. This draft rule was released for public comment on July 31, 1992 and referred only to groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water. Compliance timeframes are summarized with states having 18 months from promulgation (June 1995) to adopt this rule (December 1996). JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Grubbs, T R AU - Pontius, F W AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 25 EP - 25,31 VL - 84 IS - 9 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Analysis KW - State KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13711547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=US+EPA+releases+draft+ground+water+disinfection+rule&rft.au=Grubbs%2C+T+R%3BPontius%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Grubbs&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Legislation. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of aqueous and dietary exposure of dieldrin on survival, growth and bioconcentration in mallard ducklings AN - 13711145; 199203507 AB - Mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) were exposed to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin in either water or food. At aqueous concentrations at or below saturation (0.2 mg per litre), dieldrin had no effect on survival or growth, but concentrations in tissues and organs increased rapidly. Birds receiving dieldrin in their food concentrated up to 5 times more dieldrin in their bodies than those in the water-only tests and behaviour, growth and mortality were observed. The dietary 96 h LC50 value was 165 ug per g and the 24 h LC50 value was 29.5 ug per g. The values at which no effect was observed were estimated and a screening level wildlife criterion (SLWC) value of 0.001 mg per litre was determined from the data. Tissue dieldrin concentrations and bioconcentration factors for different organs are presented. There are 38 references. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Nebeker, A V AU - Griffis, W L AU - Stutzman, T W AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Carey, LA AU - Scherer, S M AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 687 EP - 699 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Birds (see also individual groups below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13711145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+aqueous+and+dietary+exposure+of+dieldrin+on+survival%2C+growth+and+bioconcentration+in+mallard+ducklings&rft.au=Nebeker%2C+A+V%3BGriffis%2C+W+L%3BStutzman%2C+T+W%3BSchuytema%2C+G+S%3BCarey%2C+LA%3BScherer%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Nebeker&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=687&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safe drinking water from small systems: treatment options AN - 13709936; 199202678 AB - Alternative treatment approaches to enable small water systems in the U.S.A. to meet stricter regulations under the Safe Drinking Water Act, including full-scale central treatment, centrally located package plants, and devices for point-of-entry or point-of-use treatment are outlined. Data are included on distribution of community water systems in the U.S.A. by size; present regulatory requirements; treatment technologies suitable for full-scale central use by small systems; operational conditions required for full-scale central treatment; cost estimates for some water treatment technologies; and cost of point-of-entry treatment versus a central system for removal of organic contaminants by granular activated carbon. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Goodrich, JA AU - Adams, J Q AU - Lykins, B W AU - Clark, R M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 49 EP - 55 VL - 84 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Equipment KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13709936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Safe+drinking+water+from+small+systems%3A+treatment+options&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+JA%3BAdams%2C+J+Q%3BLykins%2C+B+W%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infrared spectroscopy-based property-reactivity correlations for predicting environmental fate of organic chemicals AN - 13709868; S199343696 AB - Correlations between environmental transformation rate constants and infrared (IR) spectroscopic peak frequencies and intensities were sought for a variety of carboxylic acid esters (alkyl and aryl formates and acetates, alkanoates and benzoates). A structure-activity relationship established for 12 alkyl and aryl formates and acetates failed to predict alkaline hydrolysis rate constants for more structurally diverse carboxylic acid esters. This led to the development of a prediction system using multiple linear regression analysis using points from the Fourier transforms of IR spectra. The feasibility of extending this system to microbial degradation is also discussed. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Collette, T W AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 981 EP - 991 VL - 11 IS - 7 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Analysis KW - Formate KW - Multiple linear regression KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13709868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Infrared+spectroscopy-based+property-reactivity+correlations+for+predicting+environmental+fate+of+organic+chemicals&rft.au=Collette%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Collette&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical and chemical characterization of indoor aerosols resulting from the use of tap water in portable home humidifiers AN - 13709513; S199342688 AB - The quantity and nature of particles generated by ultrasonic and impeller humidifiers were investigated; feed waters had total dissolved solids (TDS) in the range 24-303 mg per litre. The experiments were carried out throughout the whole of a house and in individual rooms. The sizes of particles were measured and their chemical composition determined. The particles were principally sub-micron spheres whose chemical compositions were consistent with the feed waters. High humidities in a single room favoured larger, irregular particles. Low TDS waters greatly reduced the numbers of particles produced. Thirty-nine commercially bottled waters were investigated for this purpose, but many had substantial TDS concentrations. Research into the health implications of respiring the particles was desirable. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Highsmith, V R AU - Hardy, R J AU - Costa, D L AU - Germani AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 673 EP - 680 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Indoor KW - Nature KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13709513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Physical+and+chemical+characterization+of+indoor+aerosols+resulting+from+the+use+of+tap+water+in+portable+home+humidifiers&rft.au=Highsmith%2C+V+R%3BHardy%2C+R+J%3BCosta%2C+D+L%3BGermani&rft.aulast=Highsmith&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=673&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodiversity and management of natural resources: the issues AN - 13709333; 199203682 AB - Reasons for the observed decline in the earth's genetic, species, community and landscape diversity through habitat alteration are discussed, with particular attention to the aquatic environment. Previous development and use of natural resources were believed to have been carried out in an unsustainable manner. Value judgements which must be considered in the context of biodiversity are outlined. Responses to perceived threats to biodiversity on the part of scientists and natural resource managers are outlined. Some of the ecological, ethical, economic, social and political issues involved are summarized. There are 41 references. JF - Fisheries AU - Cairns, MA AU - Lackey, R T AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 6 EP - 10 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0363-2415, 0363-2415 KW - Scientists KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13709333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries&rft.atitle=Biodiversity+and+management+of+natural+resources%3A+the+issues&rft.au=Cairns%2C+MA%3BLackey%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Cairns&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries&rft.issn=03632415&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing defined-substrate coliform tests for the detection of Escherichia coli in water AN - 13709259; 199202646 AB - Two commercially available defined-substrate tests for detection of coliforms were based on the ability of these bacteria to produce the enzyme beta-galactosidase which hydrolysed and cleaved o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside to release o-nitrophenyl which produced a yellow colour. A study was carried out to compare these 2 techniques with EC medium containing 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG) for detection of Escherichia coli in samples of chlorinated water. No significant differences were found between the results of the EC-MUG test and the Autoanalysis Colilert test, but there were statistically significant differences between the EC-MUG test and the ColiQuick test with chlorinated water, but not with natural samples. The EC-MUG test gave the lowest false-negative rate. All the methods evaluated were capable of detecting 1 cfu E. coli per 100 ml. There are 41 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Covert, T C AU - Rice, E W AU - Johnson, SA AU - Berman, D AU - Johnson, CH AU - Mason, P J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 98 EP - 104 VL - 84 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Enzymes (see also individual groups below) KW - European communities KW - Media KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13709259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Comparing+defined-substrate+coliform+tests+for+the+detection+of+Escherichia+coli+in+water&rft.au=Covert%2C+T+C%3BRice%2C+E+W%3BJohnson%2C+SA%3BBerman%2C+D%3BJohnson%2C+CH%3BMason%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Covert&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying potential pollutant point sources in an area of high ground water consumption AN - 13709180; 199202659 AB - A geographical information system was employed to assist in the identification of industrial sites likely to be causing groundwater pollution. The sites, classified into 14 industrial sectors of the most polluting type, were cross-referenced to maps of municipal sewerage systems for 7 counties in Pa. Those companies in unsewered areas were selected for inspection on the basis of their being most likely to make illegal discharges to groundwaters through shallow wells. The inspections, which revealed several violations of U.S. EPA underground injection control regulations and other U.S. EPA rules, demonstrated the value of this approach. JF - Ground Water Monitoring Review AU - Davis, R M AU - Flores, P I AD - U.S. EPA, Philadelphia, Pa. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 116 EP - 119 VL - 12 IS - 2 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13709180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water+Monitoring+Review&rft.atitle=Identifying+potential+pollutant+point+sources+in+an+area+of+high+ground+water+consumption&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+M%3BFlores%2C+P+I&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water+Monitoring+Review&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analyte stability studies conducted during the National Pesticide Survey AN - 13708263; S199342958 AB - The 6 analytical procedures used in a national survey on the occurrence of pesticides in drinking water wells in America are outlined, and details are given of a study to determine the maximal periods that water samples and their organic extracts could be stored without effecting the accuracy of the results. When the samples of well water were biologically inhibited by addition of acid or mercuric chloride, and stored at 4C for 14 d, 121 out of 147 test compounds remained stable, but the other 26 compounds were lost completely. The analyte generally remained stale in stored sample extracts. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Munch, D J AU - Frebis, C P AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 921 EP - 925 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13708263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Analyte+stability+studies+conducted+during+the+National+Pesticide+Survey&rft.au=Munch%2C+D+J%3BFrebis%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Munch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of three artificial sea salts to maintain fertile sea urchins (Arbacia punctulata) and to conduct fertilization tests with copper and sodium dodecyl sulphate AN - 13707738; S199343973 AB - The range of copper and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) no-observed-effect concentrations for fertilization tests on sea urchins in 3 artificial seawaters overlapped one another and also the ranges of published data for animals maintained and tested in natural seawater. The EC50 values of copper for tests using the 3 artificial seawaters were not significantly different. The value for SDS in the HW Marinemix was significantly lower than the other 2 artificial seawaters. The artificial seawaters were suitable for maintaining sea urchins and for conducting fertilization tests. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Neiheisel, T W AU - Young, ME AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1179 EP - 1185 VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Animals (see also individual groups below) KW - Sea water (see also marine -----) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13707738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+three+artificial+sea+salts+to+maintain+fertile+sea+urchins+%28Arbacia+punctulata%29+and+to+conduct+fertilization+tests+with+copper+and+sodium+dodecyl+sulphate&rft.au=Neiheisel%2C+T+W%3BYoung%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Neiheisel&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate contamination of groundwater: sources and potential health effects AN - 13707209; 199204661 AB - In view of the fact that an estimated 50 per cent of the total U.S.A. population (and 90 per cent of the rural population) were dependent on groundwater supplies for domestic use, an assessment of the potential health risks from nitrate contamination of groundwater was carried out. It was quite common for groundwater in agricultural areas to exceed the U.S. EPA maximal contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg nitrate per litre at some time during the year. The discussion centred on the difficulties in measuring human nitrate intake, endogenous production, the inhibition of coexisting factors and both input and in-vivo formation of nitrosated compounds. Thus, a cause-effect relationship between nitrate intake and the risk of cancer had not been established. Data are presented showing trends in fertilizer use in the U.S.A. and for sources of nitrate in normal, high nitrate-water diet and vegetation human diets. There are 41 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Bouchard, D C AU - Williams, M K AU - Surampalli, R Y AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 85 EP - 90 VL - 84 IS - 9 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Hazard KW - Nitrosation KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13707209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Nitrate+contamination+of+groundwater%3A+sources+and+potential+health+effects&rft.au=Bouchard%2C+D+C%3BWilliams%2C+M+K%3BSurampalli%2C+R+Y&rft.aulast=Bouchard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of surfactants as toxicants in a primary effluent AN - 13707151; 199204220 AB - Results are presented from the application of toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures to a sewage works effluent that received only primary treatment and chlorination before discharge. The effluent was acutely toxic to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia). The various tests applied, suggested that surfactants were responsible for a significant portion of the toxicity. Further experiments confirmed this and showed that there were sufficient concentrations of both anionic and non-ionic surfactants in the effluent to be of toxicological concern. The toxicity of this effluent could be reduced significantly by providing appropriate secondary treatment. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Ankley, G T AU - Burkhard, L P AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1235 EP - 1248 VL - 11 IS - 9 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Effluent (treated) (see also sewage works effluent) KW - Reduction KW - Tied KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13707151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+surfactants+as+toxicants+in+a+primary+effluent&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BBurkhard%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of glyphosate and nitrapyrin on selected bacterial populations in continuous-flow culture AN - 13705551; S199343942 AB - The continuous-flow culture method was used to study the response of nitrifying and heterotrophic bacterial populations to treatments of the known nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin, and the widely-used post-emergance herbicide glyphosate. On the basis of known behaviour in routine soil culture, these compounds were expected to be useful in assessing the effect of a chemical stressor on an important ecosystem process, nitrification. The continuous-flow method supported a high level of nitrifier activity and was a more sensitive method of measuring nitrification than soil-perfusion and static-culture techniques. Studies of specific ammonium-oxidizing and denitrifying micro-organisms are reported. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Hendricks, C W AU - Rhodes, AN AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 417 EP - 424 VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Ammonia oxidation KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13705551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+glyphosate+and+nitrapyrin+on+selected+bacterial+populations+in+continuous-flow+culture&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+C+W%3BRhodes%2C+AN&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blood and water flow limitations on gill uptake of organic chemicals in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) AN - 13703171; S199344798 AB - Trout were implanted with a probe around the ventral aorta for measuring cardiac output, and an oral membrane was sutured around the mouth for measuring ventilation volume. Dissolved oxygen levels in the water were also monitored. In the respiration-metabolism chambers it was possible to manipulate gill water and blood flows. Environmental oxygen levels were varied while fish were exposed to butanol and, separately, to carbon-14-labelled decanol at concentrations below reported 96 h LC50 values. Uptake rates were measured during periods of pre-hypoxia, hypoxia and post-hypoxia. Neither chemical caused detectable effects on ventilation volume, cardiac output or oxygen consumption. Under control conditions, extraction efficiency for butanol (21 per cent) was significantly lower than for decanol (59 per cent). During hypoxia, oxygen uptake efficiency tended to increase, but chemical extraction efficiency tended to decrease. During post-hypoxia extraction efficiencies returned to near control levels. Blood flow was the principal factor controlling gill uptake of butanol (hydrophilic), while flux of decanol (hydrophobic) was limited to water flow. Predictions of flow-limited models of gill uptake are discussed. There are 34 references. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Schmieder, P K AU - Weber, L J AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 103 EP - 122 VL - 24 IS - 1/2 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13703171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Blood+and+water+flow+limitations+on+gill+uptake+of+organic+chemicals+in+the+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss%29&rft.au=Schmieder%2C+P+K%3BWeber%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Schmieder&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using ion chromatography to analyse inorganic disinfection by-products AN - 13703138; 199300433 AB - Ion chromatography (IC) was used to detect bromate following the ozonation of river water containing bromide at 0.037 mg per litre. Other inorganic disinfection by-products (DBP), chlorite, chlorate and bromite, were also detected. Generally carbonate eluents (sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate) were used but borate eluents were required for bromate analysis. Chlorite stabilization and preservation was achieved by the addition of ethylenediamine (EDA). With the borate eluent, ion chromatography was used to collect occurrence data for these oxyhalide anions in drinking water. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Hautman, D P AU - Bolyard, M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 88 EP - 93 VL - 84 IS - 11 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - 037 KW - Analysis KW - Eda KW - Ethylenediamine KW - Ic KW - Inorganic -- (see also without this prefix) KW - Sodium bicarbonate KW - Stabilization (see also fixation, solidification) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13703138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Using+ion+chromatography+to+analyse+inorganic+disinfection+by-products&rft.au=Hautman%2C+D+P%3BBolyard%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hautman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disinfection by-product formation and control by ozonation and biotreatment AN - 13702559; 199300462 AB - The use of ozone in water treatment was optimized by measuring the formation of ozonation by-products (eg aldehydes and ketones), the oxidation of chlorine disinfection by-products (DBP), the conversion of bromide to bromate and the effects on subsequent biological treatment. Ozone DBP formation was monitored by the formation aldehydes, assimilable organic carbon (AOC), and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC). The oxidation of DBP precursors was measured by the formation potential after chlorination. The DBP measured were trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetic acids (HAA) chloropicrin and total organic halide (TOX). Biotreatment of ozonated waters provided additional removal of precursors of THM, HAA, chloropicrin and TOX. Aldehydes were readily biodegradable. Piloting was recommended to determine site-specific ozone dosages and to optimize the balance between the formation of bromate and ozone DBP and to optimize oxidation of chlorine DBP precursors. There are 34 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Miltner, R J AU - Shukairy, H M AU - Summers, R S AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 53 EP - 62 VL - 84 IS - 11 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Assimilable organic carbon KW - Haloacetic acids KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13702559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Disinfection+by-product+formation+and+control+by+ozonation+and+biotreatment&rft.au=Miltner%2C+R+J%3BShukairy%2C+H+M%3BSummers%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Miltner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surfactants and subsurface remediation AN - 13700560; 199300575 AB - The feasibility of using surfactants to increase the efficiency of pump-and-treat technology in subsurface remediation is considered. Surfactants were classified into anionic, cationic, zwitterionic or nonionic. Naturally occurring surfactants are described. The use of surfactant solutions to remediate nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) in the saturated zone of the subsurface is discussed. Surfactants could enhance the removal of NAPL by solubilization or mobilization. Two methods could be used to examine the appropriateness of a surfactant for a specific contaminant; the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance and the Winsor method. To be effective the surfactant system had to be stable. Surfactant sorption and precipitation, surfactant losses into trapped residual phases, chromatographic separation of surfactant mixtures, mixed surfactant behaviour, and surfactant acceptability are discussed. There are 78 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - West, C C AU - Harwell, J H AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2324 EP - 2330 VL - 26 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13700560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Surfactants+and+subsurface+remediation&rft.au=West%2C+C+C%3BHarwell%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of beryllium from drinking water by chemical coagulation and lime softening AN - 13700427; 199300628 AB - The effectiveness of the conventional water treatment chemicals alum, ferric chloride and lime to remove beryllium was investigated in jar tests with spiked Ohio river water and groundwater. The removal mechanism was also studied in filtered tapwater and deionized water. Filtration was simulated by centrifugation, but had little beneficial influence. The addition of alum of ferric chloride to spiked deionized water removed no beryllium. Adjustment of pH in the absence of coagulants caused increasing precipitation of beryllium in the pH range 6-9.3. Alum and ferric chloride removed 95 and 85 per cent of the beryllium from Ohio river water, respectively, optimal doses being 30 mg per litre. Sweep floc conditions occurred whose effectiveness was not influenced by the initial turbidity. Co-precipitation and precipitation were the removal mechanisms. Lime softening of the groundwater effected 98 per cent removal of beryllium. JF - Aqua AU - Lytle, DA AU - Summers, R S AU - Sorg, T J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 330 EP - 339 VL - 41 IS - 6 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13700427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aqua&rft.atitle=Removal+of+beryllium+from+drinking+water+by+chemical+coagulation+and+lime+softening&rft.au=Lytle%2C+DA%3BSummers%2C+R+S%3BSorg%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aqua&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical induction of tumours in oysters by a mixture of aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, amines and metals AN - 13700167; 199300894 AB - A mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons, an aromatic amine, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated hydrocarbons, a nitrosamine and heavy metals was used to induce tumours in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). The mixture was added to a reference sediment from Long Island Sound. Following 30 d of feeding with suspended sediment particulate spiked with the mixture, oysters showed a 3 per cent prevalence of low-grade renal and gastrointestinal tumours. Tumour growth was most advanced in enteric adenomas. Tumour growth was most advanced in enteric adenomas. Both tumour types were comparable with those produced by 30 d exposure to chemically-contaminated sediment from Black Rock harbour, Conn. JF - Marine Environmental Research AU - Gardner, G R AU - Pruell, R J AU - Malcolm, A R AD - U.S. EPA, Narragansett, R.I. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 59 EP - 63 VL - 34 IS - 1/4 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - Nitrosamines KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13700167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Chemical+induction+of+tumours+in+oysters+by+a+mixture+of+aromatic+and+chlorinated+hydrocarbons%2C+amines+and+metals&rft.au=Gardner%2C+G+R%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BMalcolm%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1%2F4&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxins/furans: U.S. EPA ecological risk assessment for land application and disposal methods for paper pulp sludge AN - 13699542; 199301092 AB - Potential risks to terrestrial wildlife were estimated from exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD/TCDF in paper pulp sludges applied to or disposed of on land. Comparative risks were assessed for land application uses in forests, mine reclamation, and agriculture, versus other disposal methods, such as in landfills and surface impoundments. Potential risks to fish and aquatic wildlife were also estimated for runoff from such land uses and disposal sites. The general types of wildlife species predicted as potentially most exposed via eating TCDD/TCDF contaminated prey were terrestrial animals such as shrews, woodcocks, and robins. TCDD/TCDF levels in eggs from several bird species collected from Wisconsin pine plantations amended with such pulp sludges corroborated the transfer of TCDD /TCDF from soil via prey species into avian eggs, particularly robin eggs. JF - Chemosphere AU - Rabert, W AU - Zeeman, M AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1499 EP - 1504 VL - 25 IS - 7/10 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Animals (see also individual groups below) KW - Birds (see also individual groups below) KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Hazard KW - Tcdf KW - Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13699542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Dioxins%2Ffurans%3A+U.S.+EPA+ecological+risk+assessment+for+land+application+and+disposal+methods+for+paper+pulp+sludge&rft.au=Rabert%2C+W%3BZeeman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Rabert&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7%2F10&rft.spage=1499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Theoretical. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of 48 compounds for possible inclusion in U.S. EPA method 524.2, Revision 3.0: expansion of the method analyte list to a total of 83 compounds AN - 13697610; 199301925 AB - Method 524.2, Revision 3.0, used for the determination of 59 volatile organic compounds (VOC) in water by purge-and-trap analysis, capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was used for the analysis of 48 additional VOC. The new candidate VOC included many polar, water soluble compounds difficult to separate from the water matrix. Candidate VOC were initially evaluated in fortified reagent water for sensitivity and linearity of response. After further studies investigating purging efficiency, precision and accuracy, method detection limits (MDL), sample preservation and storage, and matrix effects, a further 24 of the candidate VOC were added to the analyte list for this method. MDL were generally 1 ug per litre or less. JF - Journal of Chromatographic Science AU - Munch, J W AU - Eichelberger, J W AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 471 EP - 477 VL - 30 IS - 12 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - 524 KW - Analysis KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13697610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chromatographic+Science&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+48+compounds+for+possible+inclusion+in+U.S.+EPA+method+524.2%2C+Revision+3.0%3A+expansion+of+the+method+analyte+list+to+a+total+of+83+compounds&rft.au=Munch%2C+J+W%3BEichelberger%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Munch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chromatographic+Science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Osmoregulatory failure and death of first-year Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to low pH and elevated aluminium, at low temperature in soft water AN - 13697125; S199445855 AB - Young-of-the-year largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were exposed to pH levels from 8.0 to 4.5 in 2 water types, 1.5 and 13.4 mg cadmium per litre. Exposures were conducted at 3.8C for 113 d, followed by 14 d of increasing temperature to 18C. Two treatments in the softer water, one each at pH 5.00 and 4.5, had aluminium added to attain 30 ug aluminium per litre; all other treatments were at approximately 5 ug aluminium per litre. The condition factor of fish in all treatment groups declined with exposure time at 3.8C. Fish in the 13.4 mg cadmium per litre water maintained osmotic homoeostasis up to pH 5.0. In the 1.5 mg cadmium per litre water, osmotic homoeostasis was lost at pH 4.5 and at pH 5.0 when aluminium was added. Mortalities were most prevalent when exposed in the 1.5 mg cadmium per litre water with added aluminium. The probability of survival was directly correlated with blood osmolality; no correlation was found between survival probability and condition factor. A rise in blood osmolality occurred among fish from most exposure groups when the temperature was increased to 18C. When fish from these chronic treatments were challenged at pH 3.8, they had shorter survival times in the softer water and after longer preexposures. There are 91 references. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - McCormick, J H AU - Jensen, K M AD - U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1189 EP - 1197 VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Prevalent KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13697125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Osmoregulatory+failure+and+death+of+first-year+Largemouth+Bass+%28Micropterus+salmoides%29+exposed+to+low+pH+and+elevated+aluminium%2C+at+low+temperature+in+soft+water&rft.au=McCormick%2C+J+H%3BJensen%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and combined cytotoxic effects of cadmium, copper, and nickel on brown cells of Mercenaria mercenaria AN - 13696711; 199301825 AB - The neutral red (NR) assay was adapted for use with brown cells from red glands of Mercenaria mercenaria to assess in-vitro cytotoxicity of copper (0-100 uM), cadmium and nickel (both 0-2 mM), singly and in binary combinations. NR dye incorporated into lysosomes of viable brown cells was extracted, and its concentration was estimated by measuring light absorbance at 540 um. Concentration of NR from metal-exposed cells was expressed as a percentage of that from control cells. Toxicity increased linearly with concentration for copper in the range 10-100 uM, and cadmium in the range 0.1-1.5 mM, but nickel was not toxic at concentrations up to 10 mM. Interaction between copper and cadmium when these were tested in combination is shown in a 3-dimensional plot of each metal concentration versus percentage survival of brown cells. Cadmium toxicity was reduced in the presence of copper. Amount of NR taken from brown cells exposed to nickel was significantly greater than that from control cells. JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety AU - Zaroogian, G AU - Anderson, S AU - Voyer, R A AD - U.S. EPA, Narragansett, R.I. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 328 EP - 337 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Binary KW - Nr KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13696711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.atitle=Individual+and+combined+cytotoxic+effects+of+cadmium%2C+copper%2C+and+nickel+on+brown+cells+of+Mercenaria+mercenaria&rft.au=Zaroogian%2C+G%3BAnderson%2C+S%3BVoyer%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Zaroogian&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A skeletal deformity of Northern Pike (Esox lucius) related to pulp mill effluents AN - 13695203; S199445812 AB - Increased prevalence of a skeletal deformity affecting the skull of northern pike (Esox lucius) were related to 3 pulp mills in the Bothnia gulf, Sweden. At 1 mill the later disappearance of the disease from an original prevalence of 35 per cent, coincided with a marked improvement of effluent treatment. A typical deformed pike showed distinct upward bending of the jaws. The disease always affected the anterior part of the parasphenoid and the frontal bones. In the most severe cases the nasal, vomer, and medial rostral were also deformed. The degree of deformation was expressed as the ratio between 2 measurements made on the skull. There are 32 references. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Lindesjoo, E AU - Thulin, J AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Studsvik Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 166 EP - 172 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Diseases (see also individual groups below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13695203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+skeletal+deformity+of+Northern+Pike+%28Esox+lucius%29+related+to+pulp+mill+effluents&rft.au=Lindesjoo%2C+E%3BThulin%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lindesjoo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New perspectives in aquatic redox chemistry: abiotic transformations of pollutants in groundwater and sediments AN - 13691401; S199445782 AB - Presented is a review of recent advances in the chemistry of abiotic redox transformations of organic pollutants in anaerobic ecosystems. The aim is to provide an indication of the state of knowledge and the remaining difficulties, rather than an exhaustive review of the existing literature. Particular attention is given to the types of functional groups that undergo reaction and the findings concerning physical and chemical parameters of ecosystems that govern the rates and products of redox transformations. Classes of compounds and structural features within these classes of compounds provide information about the intrinsic nature of the natural reductants. Further information is provided by studies which consider system variables such as sediment concentrations, organic carbon levels, pH, Eh and temperature. While the identity of reducing agents that transform organic pollutants in anaerobic systems remains elusive, the reactivities of these agents are being characterized and compared with surrogate (model) reductants. It is apparent that chemical and biological reduction processes are strongly coupled, and there is increasing evidence for widespread mediation of reductive reactions by bio-organic molecules. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Wolfe, N L AU - Macalady, D L AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 17 EP - 34 VL - 9 IS - 1/2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13691401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=New+perspectives+in+aquatic+redox+chemistry%3A+abiotic+transformations+of+pollutants+in+groundwater+and+sediments&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+N+L%3BMacalady%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulp-mill related polychlorinated organic compounds in Baltic sea sediments AN - 13690170; S199446351 AB - Sediments, taken in 1985 and 1986 from the Iggesund, the Bothnian sea and the north-west Baltic, were analysed for extractable organic chlorine (EOCl) and for chlorinated compounds typical of pulp mill effluents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data were handled by principal component analysis. EOCl, chloroguaiacols, chlorinated dioxins and furans were released from the pulp mill and concentrated in nearby sediments; 3,4,5-trichloroguaiacol proved a suitable tracer for bleachery effluents. Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans (PCDD/F) had a combustion origin in some parts of the Baltic and arose from pulp mills elsewhere. However, PCDD/F were also found in deep sediments, indicating that there was also a natural pre-industrial source such as forest fires. The distribution of the substances is given in detail. There are 52 references. JF - Ambio AU - Jonsson, P AU - Rappe, C AU - Kjeller, LO AU - Kierkegaard, A AU - Hakanson, L AU - Jonsson, B AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solua Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 37 EP - 43 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - Analysis KW - Eocl KW - Sea water (see also marine -----) KW - Trichloroguaiacol KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13690170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Pulp-mill+related+polychlorinated+organic+compounds+in+Baltic+sea+sediments&rft.au=Jonsson%2C+P%3BRappe%2C+C%3BKjeller%2C+LO%3BKierkegaard%2C+A%3BHakanson%2C+L%3BJonsson%2C+B&rft.aulast=Jonsson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by dichlorophenol-adapted microorganisms from freshwater, anaerobic sediments AN - 13681986; S199547355 AB - Non-adapted micro-organisms and micro-organisms adapted to either 2,4- or 3,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) were used in studies of the reductive dechlorination of 2,4,-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) herbicides in anaerobic sediments. Micro-organisms adapted to 2,4,-DCP achieved a more rapid dechlorination of 2,4-D, while those adapted to 3,4-DCP showed a lag phase similar to that in non-adapted sediment slurries. Both types of adapted micro-organisms produced 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid by ortho-chlorine removal. Biodegradation of 2,4,5-T adapted organisms proceeded via a para - ortho - meta order of dechlorination. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Bryant, F O AD - TAI/U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 276 EP - 281 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - 2,4-d KW - 4d KW - Manure slurries KW - Ortho- (see also without prefix) KW - Para KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13681986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid+and+2%2C4%2C5-trichlorophenoxyacetic+acid+by+dichlorophenol-adapted+microorganisms+from+freshwater%2C+anaerobic+sediments&rft.au=Bryant%2C+F+O&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advanced oxidation technologies for the treatment of contaminated groundwater AN - 13679393; 199405073 AB - Two commercially-available advanced oxidation systems were subjected to pilot and field-scale evaluation for the remediation of groundwaters contaminated with chlorinated organic compounds at different sites. The Ultrox system which involved the action of ozone and UV irradiation was demonstrated at a factory site in San Jose, Calif., under the U.S. EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) programme, for the treatment of groundwater containing high levels of trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride and 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene, with a high level of alkalinity (600 mg calcium carbonate per litre). The results and an account of the performance of the unit are summarized proving its capability in eliminating the principal contaminants, with an overall rate of removal of approximately 90 per cent. Some of the volatiles were liberated into the gas phase by the stripping action of the ozone bubbling system and were subsequently destroyed in the waste ozone eliminator. The Peroxidation Systems, Inc. (PSI) study was performed at a site in Maryland formerly used for disposal of chemical warfare agents and munitions, the site groundwater containing a wide range of both volatile and non-volatile contaminants, including organosulphur compounds. The influent stream was irradiated by a high-intensity UV mercury arc lamp, and hydrogen peroxide was injected at 3 separate points at a total concentration ranging from 45 to 180 mg per litre. Contaminant levels in the treated waters were, in many cases, below detection limits and the resulting water conformed to federal maximal contaminant level values for all the compounds. A different method of eliminating the residual hydrogen peroxide, to replace the manganese-greensand filter would be advantageous. JF - Chemical Oxidation: Technologies for the Nineties. Proceedings Second International Symposium, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., Volume 2 AU - Lewis, N M AU - Topudurti, K AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 406 EP - 427 KW - Superfund KW - Ultrox KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Inc KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13679393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Oxidation%3A+Technologies+for+the+Nineties.+Proceedings+Second+International+Symposium%2C+Vanderbilt+University%2C+Nashville%2C+Tenn.%2C+Volume+2&rft.atitle=Advanced+oxidation+technologies+for+the+treatment+of+contaminated+groundwater&rft.au=Lewis%2C+N+M%3BTopudurti%2C+K&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Oxidation%3A+Technologies+for+the+Nineties.+Proceedings+Second+International+Symposium%2C+Vanderbilt+University%2C+Nashville%2C+Tenn.%2C+Volume+2&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in drinking water associated with a waterborne disease outbreak of haemorrhagic colitis AN - 13669579; S199851635 AB - There was a waterborne disease outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cabool, Mo., during winter 1991. The survival of the epidemic strain and another strain of E. coli O157:H7 in the implicated drinking water were compared with a typical indicator strain of E. coli. At 5C and 20C, significant reductions for all 3 strains did not occur until the seventh day. Survival then decreased more rapidly at 20C. The survival pattern of the indicator strain was similar to the enterohaemorrhagic strains in the nondisinfected well water. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Rice, E W AU - Johnson, CH AU - Wild, D K AU - Reasoner, D J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 38 EP - 40 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Diseases (see also individual groups below) KW - Reduction KW - Strain (biological) KW - Waterborne KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13669579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+drinking+water+associated+with+a+waterborne+disease+outbreak+of+haemorrhagic+colitis&rft.au=Rice%2C+E+W%3BJohnson%2C+CH%3BWild%2C+D+K%3BReasoner%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating human exposures to environmental pollutants: availability and utility of existing databases AN - 13667613; S199851368 AB - The need for data on human exposure to environmental pollutants is reviewed. The current federal databases which might provide indicators of human exposure were studied and their limitations discussed. Suggested improvements for exposure-related databases are standardization of procedures; of temporal changes; co-operation between public and private sector organizations; measurements of actual exposures and dose for relevant populations; and data collection, storage and retrieval methods that permitted easy handling of information for model building and testing. JF - Archives of Environmental Health AU - Sexton, K AU - Selevan, S G AU - Wagener, D K AU - Lybarger, JA AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 398 EP - 407 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13667613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Estimating+human+exposures+to+environmental+pollutants%3A+availability+and+utility+of+existing+databases&rft.au=Sexton%2C+K%3BSelevan%2C+S+G%3BWagener%2C+D+K%3BLybarger%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Sexton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=398&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host and environmental factors influencing the peripheral blood leukocyte count. AN - 72628358; 1776614 AB - The peripheral leukocyte count is an important predictor of mortality. Hence, host and environmental factors influencing the peripheral leukocyte count are of interest. The authors studied 8,635 subjects, aged 30-74 years, who were seen as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II in 1976-1980, and sought to assess the relation of age, sex, obesity (body mass index), alcohol use, and various parameters of cigarette smoking to the peripheral leukocyte count using multiple regression analysis. Various parameters of cigarette smoking were statistically significant independent predictors of the peripheral leukocyte count with higher leukocyte counts seen among current smokers, relative to former or never smokers. Among current smokers, a dose-response relation was seen for cigarettes/day and total pack-years smoked. A dose-response relation with pack-years and years since quitting was seen in former smokers. Other variables that were statistically significant independent predictors of a higher peripheral blood leukocyte count were younger age, male sex, increased body mass index, and decreased alcohol consumption. Although the specific cell or cells responsible for these relations are not defined by this analysis, the results support the suggestion that a number of host and environmental factors can influence cellular markers of inflammation. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Schwartz, J AU - Weiss, S T AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy Analysis, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1991/12/15/ PY - 1991 DA - 1991 Dec 15 SP - 1402 EP - 1409 VL - 134 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mortality KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Continental Population Groups KW - Inflammation -- blood KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- complications KW - Biomarkers -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Inflammation -- epidemiology KW - Regression Analysis KW - Leukocytosis -- blood KW - Leukopenia -- epidemiology KW - Leukocyte Count KW - Leukopenia -- blood KW - Leukocytosis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72628358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Host+and+environmental+factors+influencing+the+peripheral+blood+leukocyte+count.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J%3BWeiss%2C+S+T&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-12-15&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-03 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of the U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs' toxicity information databases. AN - 72747020; 1820278 AB - The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) requires that data from toxicity testing be submitted to the OPP to support the registration of pesticide chemicals. Once the toxicity data are submitted, they are entered into various toxicity databases. The studies are listed in an archival database to catalog and allow retrieval of the study for review. Reviews of toxicity studies are then placed into a separate database that can be retrieved to support a regulatory position. Toxicity information for health effects other than cancer and gene mutations from chronic exposure is reviewed through a reference dose (RfD) approach, and these decisions and supporting data are entered into an RfD database. Carcinogenicity data are reviewed by a peer review process, and these decisions are entered into a newly developed database to show the regulatory decision with supporting data. The mutagenicity data are reviewed and acceptable data are entered into the Genetic Activity Profile system to catalog and display the submitted information. These databases contain the information used for hazard evaluations as part of the OPP review of pesticide chemicals. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Dearfield, K L AU - Quest, J A AU - Whiting, R J AU - Stack, H F AU - Waters, M D AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991/12// PY - 1991 DA - December 1991 SP - 53 EP - 56 VL - 96 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Risk Factors KW - Peer Review KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Databases, Bibliographic KW - Databases, Factual KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72747020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+the+U.S.+EPA%27s+Office+of+Pesticide+Programs%27+toxicity+information+databases.&rft.au=Dearfield%2C+K+L%3BQuest%2C+J+A%3BWhiting%2C+R+J%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BWaters%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Dearfield&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mutat Res. 1988 May-Aug;205(1-4):119-38 [3367918] Mutat Res. 1988 Jan;204(1):17-115 [3277047] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1988 Dec;8(4):471-86 [3222488] Mutat Res. 1988 May-Aug;205(1-4):295-312 [3367921] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current status of the Gene-Tox Program. AN - 72746535; 1820273 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Gene-Tox Program is a multiphased effort to review and evaluate the existing literature in assay systems available in the field of genetic toxicology. The first phase of the Gene-Tox Program selected assay systems for evaluation, generated expert panel reviews of the data from the scientific literature, and recommended testing protocols for the systems. Phase II established and evaluated the database of chemical genetic toxicity data for its relevance to identifying human health hazards. The ongoing phase III continues reviewing and updating chemical data in selected assay systems. Currently, data exist on over 4000 chemicals in 27 assay systems; two additional assay systems will be included in phase III. The review data are published in the scientific literature and are also publicly available through the National Library of Medicine TOXNET system. The review and analysis components of Gene-Tox comprise 45 published papers, and several others are in preparation. Differences that have been observed between Gene-Tox and National Toxicology Program databases relative to the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictivity of genetic toxicity data compared to carcinogenesis data are ascribable to differences between the two databases in chemical selection criteria, testing protocols, and chemical class distributions. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Auletta, A E AU - Brown, M AU - Wassom, J S AU - Cimino, M C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991/12// PY - 1991 DA - December 1991 SP - 33 EP - 36 VL - 96 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - National Library of Medicine (U.S.) KW - Risk Factors KW - CHO Cells -- drug effects KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Publishing KW - Cricetinae KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Databases, Factual KW - Online Systems KW - Toxicology KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72746535?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Current+status+of+the+Gene-Tox+Program.&rft.au=Auletta%2C+A+E%3BBrown%2C+M%3BWassom%2C+J+S%3BCimino%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Auletta&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Mol Mutagen. 1990;16 Suppl 18:1-14 [2091921] Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):933-41 [3554512] Mutat Res. 1985 Jan-Mar;153(1-2):1-10 [3974625] Mutat Res. 1984 Sep-Nov;134(2-3):143-57 [6504066] Mutat Res. 1987 May;185(3):197-241 [3574331] Mutat Res. 1987 Jan-Mar;185(1-2):1-195 [3540654] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Genetic Activity Profile database. AN - 72746434; 1820275 AB - A graphic approach termed a Genetic Activity Profile (GAP) has been developed to display a matrix of data on the genetic and related effects of selected chemical agents. The profiles provide a visual overview of the quantitative (doses) and qualitative (test results) data for each chemical. Either the lowest effective dose (LED) or highest ineffective dose (HID) is recorded for each agent and bioassay. Up to 200 different test systems are represented across the GAP. Bioassay systems are organized according to the phylogeny of the test organisms and the end points of genetic activity. The methodology for the production and evaluation of GAPs has been developed in collaboration with the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Data on individual chemicals have been compiled by IARC and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Data are available on 299 compounds selected from volumes 1-50 of the IARC Monographs and on 115 compounds identified as Superfund Priority Substances. Software to display the GAPs on an IBM-compatible personal computer is available from the authors. Structurally similar compounds frequently display qualitatively and quantitatively similar GAPs. By examining the patterns of GAPs of pairs and groups of chemicals, it is possible to make more informed decisions regarding the selection of test batteries to be used in evaluating chemical analogs. GAPs have provided useful data for the development of weight-of-evidence hazard ranking schemes. Also, some knowledge of the potential genetic activity of complex environmental mixtures may be gained from assessing the GAPs of component chemicals. The fundamental techniques and computer programs devised for the GAP database may be used to develop similar databases in other disciplines. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Waters, M D AU - Stack, H F AU - Garrett, N E AU - Jackson, M A AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/12// PY - 1991 DA - December 1991 SP - 41 EP - 45 VL - 96 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Software KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Microcomputers KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Data Display KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - International Agencies KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Databases, Factual KW - Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72746434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Genetic+Activity+Profile+database.&rft.au=Waters%2C+M+D%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BGarrett%2C+N+E%3BJackson%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Dec;96:53-6 [1820278] J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 1981 Feb;21(1):35-8 [7240352] Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Dec;96:11-5 [1820251] Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Dec;96:101-11 [1820250] Teratology. 1991 Feb;43(2):159-85 [2014481] Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Dec;76:211-9 [3447901] Mutat Res. 1989 Nov;221(3):181-96 [2682228] Mutat Res. 1988 May-Aug;205(1-4):295-312 [3367921] Mutat Res. 1988 May-Aug;205(1-4):119-38 [3367918] Environ Health Perspect. 1984 Dec;58:9-319 [6525996] Mutat Res. 1984 Sep-Nov;134(2-3):89-111 [6504068] Mutat Res. 1986 Nov;168(3):301-25 [3796654] Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1990;10(2):147-64 [1973853] Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;340D:283-94 [2371301] Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Dec;96:17-21 [1820261] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multifactor potency scheme for comparing the carcinogenic activity of chemicals. AN - 72743943; 1820261 AB - A scheme for ranking the quantitative activity of chemical carcinogens is described. This activity scheme uses as its base dose potency measured as TD50 which after conversion into an inverse log scale, a decile scale, is adjusted by weighting factors that described other parameters of carcinogenic activity. These factors include positive or negative weightings for the induction of tumors at tissues or organs associated with high historical control tumor incidences; the induction of tumors at multiple sites; the induction of tumors in both sexes of the species; and the induction of tumors in more than one species. These factors were chosen because they represented qualitative descriptions of the general specificity or nonspecificity of chemicals with regard to the activity in rodents and have some bearing on the potential activity of chemicals in humans. To construct a measure to express the inactivity of chemicals toward the induction of cancer, a measure analogous to the TD50 has been developed: highest average daily dose (HADD) in milligrams chemical/kilogram body weight administered in a chronic cancer study and that did not induce a statistical increase in tumors. HADD values were similarly converted to log decile units and adjusted by weighting factors according to lack of activity in both sexes of a species and the lack of activity in more than one species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Nesnow, S AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/12// PY - 1991 DA - December 1991 SP - 17 EP - 21 VL - 96 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Sex Factors KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Drug Administration Routes KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72743943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Multifactor+potency+scheme+for+comparing+the+carcinogenic+activity+of+chemicals.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mutat Res. 1988 May-Aug;205(1-4):237-53 [3285189] Mutat Res. 1988 Jan;204(1):17-115 [3277047] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1984;14(5-6):621-39 [6520881] Mutat Res. 1984 Sep-Nov;134(2-3):89-111 [6504068] Toxicol Pathol. 1984;12(2):126-35 [11478313] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Nov;7(11):1853-63 [3769134] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1986 Jun;6(2):155-70 [3726178] Mutat Res. 1990 Sep;239(2):83-115 [2385240] Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Oct;74:237-329 [3691431] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outliers: their origin and use in the classification of molecular mechanisms of toxicity. AN - 72710059; 1815349 AB - Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) provide a useful tool for defining a mathematical relationship between chemical structure and toxicity, and for applying such statistically derived models for predicting the toxicity of untested chemicals. Outlier chemicals can be encountered both in the derivation of QSAR models as well as in their application. Information regarding the relationship between molecular descriptors and molecular mechanism of toxicity can provide insight into the origin of outlier behavior as well as guidance regarding the predictive limitations of such models. Comparison of measured toxicity data for fish and rats with baseline QSAR prediction provides a means of identifying outliers and for categorizing more specific molecular mechanisms. JF - The Science of the total environment AU - Lipnick, R L AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances (TS-796), Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991/12// PY - 1991 DA - December 1991 SP - 131 EP - 153 VL - 109-110 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Alcohols KW - 0 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Alcohol Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.1 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Alcohol Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Alcohols -- toxicity KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Mathematics KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- chemistry KW - Toxicology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72710059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=Outliers%3A+their+origin+and+use+in+the+classification+of+molecular+mechanisms+of+toxicity.&rft.au=Lipnick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Lipnick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.volume=109-110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-19 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing developmental hazard: the reliability of the A/D ratio. AN - 72689690; 1805436 AB - The quantitative relationship between developmentally toxic exposure levels and adult toxic exposure levels has been used as an index of developmental hazard and has figured prominently in discussions of legal regulation of developmentally toxic agents. Perhaps the most frequently cited index of developmental hazard is the A/D ratio. This index, a ratio of marginally toxic adult and developmental dose levels (e.g., NOAELs or LOAELs), is attractive because it is easily calculated from published toxicity assays and because it has been argued that A/D is relatively constant across species for a given agent. We explored some quantitative aspects of the A/D ratio and of the concept of developmental hazard by simulating 661,500 mammalian developmental toxicity assays on 441 hypothetical compounds. In our simulations, A/D often varied substantially among replicate assays: the median ratio of the upper and lower limits of the distribution of A/D values that include about 95% of the observed A/D values is 16. In addition, A/D did a poor job of predicting the relative developmental and adult responses at dosages lower than those used to calculate the index: among simulated compounds with A/Ds of about 1.0, the developmental response at 1/100th of the NOAEL ranged from about 0.1% to 20,000% of the adult response. Finally, we measured the concordance between pairs of four different indices of developmental hazard, including A/D. Concordance was greatest when the indices were based on the same portion of the dose response, and was much weaker between indices that examined different portions of the dose response. Therefore, it seems likely that no single index can quantify "developmental hazard," as defined by relative adult and developmental susceptibility, and more effort needs to be expended in refining the concept if it is to be useful for hazard assessment. JF - Teratology AU - Setzer, R W AU - Rogers, J M AD - Perinatal Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/12// PY - 1991 DA - December 1991 SP - 653 EP - 665 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Drug Tolerance KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Toxicology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72689690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Assessing+developmental+hazard%3A+the+reliability+of+the+A%2FD+ratio.&rft.au=Setzer%2C+R+W%3BRogers%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Setzer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Teratology. 1992 Aug;46(2):103-7 [1440414] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serial spatial reversal learning in rats: comparison of instrumental and automaintenance procedures. AN - 72680096; 1798769 AB - Serial reversals of a spatial discrimination were trained in rats under automaintenance conditions, in which food reward occurred regardless of responding. This automaintained reversal learning was compared to instrumental reversal learning in other rats trained under a similar procedure which required responding for reward. In the automaintenance (AU) procedure, rats received food after every retraction of a "positive" response lever (S+); retraction of a second, "neutral" lever (So) was not paired with food delivery. Responses to the S+ were elicited at fairly constant rates during daily 100-trial conditioning sessions. Responses to the So occurred early in each session but rapidly diminished across trials. When the valences of the levers were reversed, responding shifted to the new S+ and diminished on the new So. Criterion for reversal was defined as a discrimination ratio (DR) of at least 90% responding to the S+ in two consecutive 10-trial blocks. With repeated reversals, acquisition of criterion performance occurred with increasing rapidity, reaching an asymptote below that required for the original discrimination. A second group of rats was trained on a similar instrumental schedule, in which at least one response to the S+ was required for food delivery. Response rates in this instrumental (IN) group were approximately double those of the AU group. However, ratios of S+ to So response rates were similar to those of the AU group, and the serial reversal curves generated were qualitatively similar. Thus rats can show improvement across serial reversals of a spatial discrimination based entirely on pairings of stimulus events (automaintenance), in a manner similar to that observed in instrumental procedures, in which reward is contingent upon correct responding. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Bushnell, P J AU - Stanton, M E AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/12// PY - 1991 DA - December 1991 SP - 1145 EP - 1151 VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Discrimination Learning -- physiology KW - Conditioning, Operant -- physiology KW - Psychology, Experimental -- instrumentation KW - Male KW - Space Perception -- physiology KW - Reversal Learning -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72680096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Serial+spatial+reversal+learning+in+rats%3A+comparison+of+instrumental+and+automaintenance+procedures.&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J%3BStanton%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between cholinesterase inhibition and thermoregulation following exposure to diisopropyl fluorophosphate in the rat. AN - 72559321; 1755022 AB - This study examined the relationship between inhibition of cholinesterase activity (CA) and thermoregulatory response in the rat following exposure to the organophosphate (OP), diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). Male Long-Evans rats were injected with DFP dissolved in peanut oil in doses ranging from 0 to 1.5 mg/kg (s.c.). Colonic (Tcol) and tail skin temperature (Ttail) were recorded at 0, 1, 2 and 3 h post-injection. At 3 h post-injection the rat was sacrificed and a blood sample was taken by cardiac puncture and analyzed for CA. There was a biphasic dose effect of DFP on Tcol with slight but significant elevation in Tcol in the dose range of 0.01-0.5 mg/kg and a significant depression in Tcol at doses of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg. There was a dose-dependent fall in CA with DFP administration in the erythrocyte, plasma, and whole blood fractions. Hypothermia was associated with 80-87% inhibition in CA, whereas the elevation in Tcol was associated with 20-70% inhibition in CA. DFP also elicited significant elevations in Ttail. Overall, the data fail to demonstrate any clear relationship between inhibition of blood CA and thermoregulatory response following exposure to DFP. However, the elevation in Tcol following relatively low doses of DFP may be of relevance to the frequently reported symptom of fever in humans exposed to OP agents. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Gordon, C J AU - Fogelson, L AU - Richards, J AU - Highfill, J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/12// PY - 1991 DA - December 1991 SP - 161 EP - 168 VL - 59 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Isoflurophate KW - 12UHW9R67N KW - Cholinesterases KW - EC 3.1.1.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Cholinesterases -- blood KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Skin Temperature -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Isoflurophate -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72559321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+cholinesterase+inhibition+and+thermoregulation+following+exposure+to+diisopropyl+fluorophosphate+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BFogelson%2C+L%3BRichards%2C+J%3BHighfill%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-29 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Near real-time sediment PCB and PAH analyses; a comparison with laboratory methods AN - 52674142; 1997-065674 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Katz, C N AU - Chadwick, D B AU - Robbat, A, Jr AU - Abraham, B AU - Pruell, R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1991/12// PY - 1991 DA - December 1991 SP - 82 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 72 IS - 51, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Northeast Pacific KW - PCBs KW - techniques KW - calibration KW - California KW - gas chromatography KW - marine sediments KW - San Diego County California KW - sediments KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - ecology KW - geochemistry KW - East Pacific KW - experimental studies KW - chemical analysis KW - San Diego Bay KW - pollution KW - mass spectroscopy KW - measurement KW - sample preparation KW - organic compounds KW - Southern California KW - North Pacific KW - Pacific Ocean KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - spectroscopy KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - field studies KW - 07:Oceanography KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52674142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Near+real-time+sediment+PCB+and+PAH+analyses%3B+a+comparison+with+laboratory+methods&rft.au=Katz%2C+C+N%3BChadwick%2C+D+B%3BRobbat%2C+A%2C+Jr%3BAbraham%2C+B%3BPruell%2C+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=51%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 1992 ocean sciences meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; calibration; California; chemical analysis; chlorinated hydrocarbons; East Pacific; ecology; experimental studies; field studies; gas chromatography; geochemistry; halogenated hydrocarbons; hydrocarbons; marine sediments; mass spectroscopy; measurement; North Pacific; Northeast Pacific; organic compounds; Pacific Ocean; PCBs; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; sample preparation; San Diego Bay; San Diego County California; sediments; Southern California; spectroscopy; techniques; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Farmstead assessments for voluntary rural groundwater protection AN - 50081906; 1996-012023 JF - International Winter Meeting - American Society of Agricultural Engineers AU - Jones, Susan A AU - Jackson, Gary AU - Griswold, Jerry AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1991/12// PY - 1991 DA - December 1991 EP - variously paginated PB - American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI VL - 1991, Winter KW - wells KW - hazardous waste KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - water quality KW - agricultural waste KW - public policy KW - data processing KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - Farm-A-Syst KW - interactive techniques KW - agrochemicals KW - nitrate ion KW - protection KW - programs KW - toxic materials KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - preventive measures KW - computer programs KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - policy KW - waste disposal KW - pesticides KW - leaching KW - water wells KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50081906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.atitle=Farmstead+assessments+for+voluntary+rural+groundwater+protection&rft.au=Jones%2C+Susan+A%3BJackson%2C+Gary%3BGriswold%2C+Jerry%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.volume=1991%2C+Winter&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Winter+Meeting+-+American+Society+of+Agricultural+Engineers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1991 international winter meeting, American Society of Agricultural Engineers N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States N1 - PubXState - MI N1 - SuppNotes - Paper No. 91-2536 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03996 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural waste; agrochemicals; aquifer vulnerability; computer programs; data processing; drinking water; Farm-A-Syst; ground water; hazardous waste; hydrocarbons; interactive techniques; leaching; nitrate ion; organic compounds; pesticides; policy; pollutants; pollution; preventive measures; programs; protection; public policy; toxic materials; waste disposal; water quality; water wells; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphological transformation and DNA adduct formation by benz[j]aceanthrylene and its metabolites in C3H10T1/2CL8 cells: evidence for both cyclopenta-ring and bay-region metabolic activation pathways. AN - 72440534; 1933875 AB - Benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A), a cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon related to 3-methylcholanthrene, has been studied to identify the major routes of metabolic activation in transformable C3H10T1/2CL8 (C3H10T1/2) mouse embryo fibroblasts in culture. Previous studies have reported that the major (55% of total) B[j]A metabolite formed by C3H10T1/2 cells was (+/-)-trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy-B[j]A (B[j]A-9,10-diol), the dihydrodiol in the bay-region ring, with moderate amounts (14% of total) of (+/-)-trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-B[j]A (B[j]A-1,2-diol), the cyclopenta-ring dihydrodiol. The morphological transforming activities of three potential intermediates formed by metabolism of B[j]A by C3H10T1/2 cells, (+/-)-anti-trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy-B[j]A-7,8-oxide (B[j]A-diol-epoxide), B[j]A-9,10-oxide, and B[j]A-1,2-oxide as well as the two B[j]A-dihydrodiols were examined. B[j]A, B[j]A-diol-epoxide, B[j]A-1,2-oxide, and B[j]A-9,10-diol were found to have moderate to strong activities with B[j]A-diol-epoxide the most active compared to B[j]A, while B[j]A-1,2-diol was inactive. B[j]A-9,10-oxide was found to be a weak transforming agent. At 0.5 microgram/ml, the following percentage of dishes with type II or III foci were observed: B[j]A, 59%; B[j]A-diol-epoxide, 75%; B[j]A-1,2-oxide, 25%; and B[j]A-9,10-diol, 17%. DNA adducts of B[j]A, B[j]A-9,10-diol, B[j]A-diol-epoxide, B[j]A-9,10-oxide, and B[j]A-1,2-oxide in C3H10T1/2 cells were isolated, separated, identified, and quantitated using the 32P-postlabeling method. B[j]A forms two major groups of adducts: one group of adducts is the result of the interaction of B[j]A-1,2-oxide with 2'-deoxyguanosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine; the second group of adducts is a result of the interaction of B[j]A-diol-epoxide with 2'-deoxyguanosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the postlabeling data suggests that B[j]A is metabolically activated by two distinct routes, the bay-region diol-epoxide route and the cyclopenta-ring oxide route, the former being the most significant. JF - Cancer research AU - Nesnow, S AU - Lasley, J AU - Curti, S AU - Ross, J AU - Nelson, G AU - Sangaiah, R AU - Gold, A AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/11/15/ PY - 1991 DA - 1991 Nov 15 SP - 6163 EP - 6169 VL - 51 IS - 22 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Methylcholanthrene KW - 56-49-5 KW - benz(j)aceanthrylene KW - 844QXH8PK1 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Biotransformation KW - Mice KW - Methylcholanthrene -- analogs & derivatives KW - Methylcholanthrene -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Methylcholanthrene -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72440534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Morphological+transformation+and+DNA+adduct+formation+by+benz%5Bj%5Daceanthrylene+and+its+metabolites+in+C3H10T1%2F2CL8+cells%3A+evidence+for+both+cyclopenta-ring+and+bay-region+metabolic+activation+pathways.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BLasley%2C+J%3BCurti%2C+S%3BRoss%2C+J%3BNelson%2C+G%3BSangaiah%2C+R%3BGold%2C+A&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-11-15&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=6163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1991-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA isolation from small tissue samples using salt and spermine. AN - 72461815; 1945891 JF - Nucleic acids research AU - Ross, J A AU - Nelson, G B AU - Holden, K L AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/11/11/ PY - 1991 DA - 1991 Nov 11 SP - 6053 VL - 19 IS - 21 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Spermine KW - 2FZ7Y3VOQX KW - Sodium Chloride KW - 451W47IQ8X KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Centrifugation KW - Temperature KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - Spermine -- chemistry KW - Sodium Chloride -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72461815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.atitle=DNA+isolation+from+small+tissue+samples+using+salt+and+spermine.&rft.au=Ross%2C+J+A%3BNelson%2C+G+B%3BHolden%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-11-11&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=6053&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1991-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer Res. 1990 Aug 15;50(16):5088-94 [2199033] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Aug;10(8):1435-8 [2752517] Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Feb 11;16(3):1215 [3344216] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intersubject variability in human acute ozone responsiveness. AN - 72765144; 1844868 JF - Pharmacogenetics AU - McDonnell, W F AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/11// PY - 1991 DA - November 1991 SP - 110 EP - 113 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 0960-314X, 0960-314X KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Inflammation -- chemically induced KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Forced Expiratory Volume -- drug effects KW - Genetic Variation KW - Ozone -- pharmacology KW - Respiratory System -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72765144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacogenetics&rft.atitle=Intersubject+variability+in+human+acute+ozone+responsiveness.&rft.au=McDonnell%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacogenetics&rft.issn=0960314X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current assessment practices for noncancer end points. AN - 72745660; 1821364 AB - The need for assessing noncancer risks for agents to which humans are routinely exposed indoors arises from the large amount of time spent indoors (i.e., employed persons spend about 60% of their time at home indoors, 30% at work indoors, and 5% in transit). Sources of air pollutants include heating and cooling systems, combustion appliances, personal use products, furnishings, tobacco products, pesticides, bioeffluents from humans and animals, and other microbial contamination such as toxins from molds. The purpose of this paper is to describe current dose-response assessment methods applicable to assessing risk following exposure to indoor air pollutants. The role of structure-activity relationships in hazard identification is also described. Risk assessments from exposure to indoor air pollutants require exposure assessments and dose-response assessments. Dose-response assessment methodologies include the inhalation reference concentration (RfC), structure-activity relationships, dose-response models, and the decision analytic approach. The RfC is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. The current RfC method provides guidelines for making the necessary dosimetric adjustments for gases and aerosols. Human equivalent concentrations for no-observed-adverse-effect levels in animals are determined by using mathematical relationships that adjust for regional deposition, solubility, ventilation rate, and blood:air partition coefficients. The RfC methodology exists as an interim methodology. Future scientific advancements are expected to further refine the approach. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Shoaf, C R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/11// PY - 1991 DA - November 1991 SP - 111 EP - 119 VL - 95 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Probability KW - Reference Values KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Gases -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72745660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Current+assessment+practices+for+noncancer+end+points.&rft.au=Shoaf%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Shoaf&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-20 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Mar 30;73(1):159-75 [6710512] Biometrics. 1966 Sep;22(3):573-602 [5970557] Health Phys. 1966 Feb;12(2):173-207 [5916786] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1984 Oct;4(5):854-71 [6510615] Exp Pathol. 1989;37(1-4):89-94 [2637177] Health Phys. 1989;57 Suppl 1:177-83 [2606680] Risk Anal. 1989 Jun;9(2):197-207 [2762606] Toxicol Ind Health. 1985 Dec;1(4):23-33 [3843503] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity in mouse lymphoma cells of chemicals capable of Michael addition. AN - 72704911; 1800900 AB - Over the past several years, we have been evaluating the mutagenicity and clastogenicity of compounds capable of Michael-type reactions. These compounds, including acrylamide, several acrylate and methacrylate esters, vinyl sulfones, and phorone, have been evaluated using TK+/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. Mutagenic chemicals induced increases in the number of small colony tk- deficient mutants. This suggested a clastogenic mechanism which was confirmed by demonstrating increases in aberrations and micronucleus frequencies in cultured cells. Vinyl sulfone was found to be the most effective chemical mutagen with induction of genotoxic effects at concentrations as low as 0.25 microgram/ml. The other compounds also produced positive results, but at higher concentrations. Since these compounds are known to deplete glutathione, phorone, a model glutathione depleter, was examined and found to produce similar effects as the other compounds in mouse lymphoma cells. These results suggest that the direct-acting Michael-type reaction has activity relevant to producing a genotoxic effect. Since acrylamide has been found to be a potent germ cell mutagen, this mechanism may be also relevant in the induction of heritable mutagenic risk. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Dearfield, K L AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Doerr, C L AU - Rabinowitz, J R AU - Moore, M M AD - Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991/11// PY - 1991 DA - November 1991 SP - 519 EP - 525 VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Ketones KW - Mutagens KW - Sulfones KW - methyl vinyl sulfone KW - 3680-02-2 KW - divinyl sulfone KW - 5PFN71LP8M KW - ethyl acrylate KW - 71E6178C9T KW - phorone KW - 8F20OEI0MV KW - methyl acrylate KW - WC487PR91H KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Animals KW - Cell Count KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Biotransformation KW - Acrylates -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Acrylates -- toxicity KW - Lymphoma KW - Sulfones -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Ketones -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72704911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+in+mouse+lymphoma+cells+of+chemicals+capable+of+Michael+addition.&rft.au=Dearfield%2C+K+L%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BRabinowitz%2C+J+R%3BMoore%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Dearfield&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved sample recovery in thermocycle sequencing protocols. AN - 72684913; 1804253 JF - BioTechniques AU - Ross, J A AU - Leavitt, S A AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/11// PY - 1991 DA - November 1991 SP - 618 EP - 619 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 0736-6205, 0736-6205 KW - Silicone Oils KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - Sequence Alignment -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72684913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioTechniques&rft.atitle=Improved+sample+recovery+in+thermocycle+sequencing+protocols.&rft.au=Ross%2C+J+A%3BLeavitt%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=618&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioTechniques&rft.issn=07366205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interlaboratory comparison of motor activity experiments: implications for neurotoxicological assessments. AN - 72630043; 1779947 AB - Motor activity is an important functional measure used in neurotoxicology. The effects of chemicals on motor activity, however, may depend on variables such as type of measurement apparatus, physical and environmental testing conditions, and many other experimental protocol and organismic variables. Due to the increasing use of motor activity in neurotoxicology, a major question concerns the potential for differences in experimental findings due to variations in sensitivity and reliability between different laboratories and devices used to measure motor activity. This study examined historical data from a number of laboratories that employed different devices and experimental protocols to measure motor activity. Four aspects of the motor activity data were compared: 1) within-laboratory control variability across time; 2) within-laboratory replicability of control data; 3) between-laboratory variability in the effects of chemicals; and 4) between-laboratory comparison of the control rates of habituation. The analyses indicated that there was a relatively restricted range of within-laboratory variability and reliability in control values, and that these ranges were comparable across laboratories. Similar profiles of habituation were also seen across the different laboratories. Moreover, in virtually every case, all laboratories were capable of detecting qualitatively similar changes in motor activity following acute exposure to a variety of chemicals. These data indicate a high degree of comparability in the data generated by the different devices and experimental protocols. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Crofton, K M AU - Howard, J L AU - Moser, V C AU - Gill, M W AU - Reiter, L W AU - Tilson, H A AU - MacPhail, R C AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1991 SP - 599 EP - 609 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Triazoles KW - triadimefon KW - 1HW039CJF0 KW - cypermethrin KW - 1TR49121NP KW - Scopolamine Hydrobromide KW - 451IFR0GXB KW - Physostigmine KW - 9U1VM840SP KW - Endosulfan KW - OKA6A6ZD4K KW - Carbaryl KW - R890C8J3N1 KW - Dextroamphetamine KW - TZ47U051FI KW - Chlorpromazine KW - U42B7VYA4P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Scopolamine Hydrobromide -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Physostigmine -- pharmacology KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Triazoles -- pharmacology KW - Habituation, Psychophysiologic KW - Chlorpromazine -- pharmacology KW - Dextroamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Carbaryl -- pharmacology KW - Endosulfan -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Laboratories KW - Neurotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72630043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Interlaboratory+comparison+of+motor+activity+experiments%3A+implications+for+neurotoxicological+assessments.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BHoward%2C+J+L%3BMoser%2C+V+C%3BGill%2C+M+W%3BReiter%2C+L+W%3BTilson%2C+H+A%3BMacPhail%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=599&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-09 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Auditory deficits and motor dysfunction following iminodipropionitrile administration in the rat. AN - 72626538; 1779945 AB - The behavioral effects of 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) were studied using reflex modification of the acoustic startle response and figure-eight maze activity. A number of experiments were conducted with separate groups of adult male Long-Evans hooded rats exposed to saline or 50-500 mg/kg IDPN for 3 consecutive days. Auditory thresholds (reflex modification), motor activity, and grip strength were measured 1 day, and 1, 3, and 9 weeks postdosing. Reflex inhibition was monitored daily, prior to, during, and for 7 days following exposure. Auditory thresholds for 5- and 40-kHz tones were elevated approximately 25 dB and 50 dB, respectively. The onset of this auditory dysfunction in the 200-mg/kg/day group, as demonstrated by a loss of reflex inhibition, was 2 days for the 40-kHz tone and 4 days for the 5-kHz tone. Motor activity was increased up to 400% in the 200-mg/kg group, whereas there was no alteration in hindlimb grip strength. These data demonstrate dosage- and time-dependent alterations in auditory and motor function following IDPN exposure. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Crofton, K M AU - Knight, T AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1991 SP - 575 EP - 581 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Nitriles KW - 0 KW - 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile KW - 3XP1CVU865 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Hearing Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Learning KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Stereotyped Behavior -- drug effects KW - Hearing Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Reflex, Acoustic -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Auditory Threshold -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Nitriles -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72626538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Auditory+deficits+and+motor+dysfunction+following+iminodipropionitrile+administration+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BKnight%2C+T&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-09 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the immunotoxicity of orally administered 2-methoxyacetic acid in Fischer 344 rats. AN - 72616751; 1778363 AB - We previously demonstrated that the glycol ether 2-methoxyethanol (ME) is immunotoxic in the rat. In this study, the immunotoxicity of 2-methoxyacetic acid (MAA), the principal metabolite of ME, was evaluated in adult male Fischer 344 rats. Rats were dosed by gavage with MAA on 10 consecutive days at dosages ranging from 50 to 200 mg/kg/day. Thymic involution, in the absence of body weight loss, was observed at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day MAA. Lymphoproliferative responses to the mitogens concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen were also reduced at these dosages. The in vitro generated cytotoxic T lymphocyte response was reduced at 200 mg/kg/day MAA. The mixed lymphocyte reaction and natural killer cell activity were unaffected by exposure to MAA. Enumeration of splenic lymphocyte populations revealed a reduction in the percentage of W3/25-positive cells at 100 and 150 mg/kg/day and an increase in the percentage of OX39-positive cells at 200 mg/kg/day; however, no changes in the absolute number of either of these subsets were observed. The plaque forming cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) was suppressed at 50-200 mg/kg/day MAA, while the PFC response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was elevated at 50 mg/kg/day. Immunization of rats with TNP-LPS or SRBC followed by oral exposure to MAA at 4 and 28 hr postimmunization resulted in the suppression of the PFC response to TNP-LPS and SRBC at dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg and 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Equal suppression of the PFC response to TNP-LPS was achieved at equimolar concentrations of ME and MAA. The effects of MAA on the immune system of the rat presented here are very similar to results reported from this lab for ME-induced immune alterations. These results, along with results of experiments in which ME-induced suppression of the PFC response to TNP-LPS was reversed by 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of the oxidation of ME to MAA by alcohol dehydrogenase, indicate that MAA is the proximate immunotoxicant following exposure to the glycol ether 2-methoxyethanol. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Smialowicz, R J AU - Riddle, M M AU - Rogers, R R AU - Copeland, C B AU - Luebke, R W AU - Andrews, D L AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/11// PY - 1991 DA - November 1991 SP - 771 EP - 781 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - Mitogens KW - methyl cellosolve KW - EK1L6XWI56 KW - methoxyacetic acid KW - F11T1H7Q7W KW - Index Medicus KW - Hemolytic Plaque Technique KW - Mitogens -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Sheep KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Ethylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Erythrocytes -- immunology KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Immunity -- drug effects KW - Acetates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72616751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+immunotoxicity+of+orally+administered+2-methoxyacetic+acid+in+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=Smialowicz%2C+R+J%3BRiddle%2C+M+M%3BRogers%2C+R+R%3BCopeland%2C+C+B%3BLuebke%2C+R+W%3BAndrews%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Smialowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial mobile genetic elements: importance in assessing the environmental fate of genetically engineered sequences. AN - 72564288; 1661425 JF - Plasmid AU - Sayre, P AU - Miller, R V AD - Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1991/11// PY - 1991 DA - November 1991 SP - 151 EP - 171 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0147-619X, 0147-619X KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Environmental Microbiology KW - Containment of Biohazards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72564288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plasmid&rft.atitle=Bacterial+mobile+genetic+elements%3A+importance+in+assessing+the+environmental+fate+of+genetically+engineered+sequences.&rft.au=Sayre%2C+P%3BMiller%2C+R+V&rft.aulast=Sayre&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plasmid&rft.issn=0147619X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-29 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Selected Lipid Methods for Normalizing Pollutant Bioaccumulation AN - 19150675; 9204408 AB - Tissue residues of neutral organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2 ,2-bis-(-p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) are correlated with lipid concentrations in both fish and invertebrates. As a result of this association of hydrophobic neutral organics with lipids, lipid concentration has been used to normalize tissue residues of neutral organics among species or within a species between seasons. Current environmental models use organism lipid concentrations to estimate maximum pollutant bioaccumulation potentials. A collaborative study has shown that significantly different lipid concentrations (3.5X) are found when using common, but different, extraction solvents and methods. Based on these variable lipid values, models that estimate tissue pollutant concentrations normalized to the lipid will give significantly different bioaccumulation estimates. To reduce that variability, a standard lipid method needs to be developed or adopted. (Author's abstract) JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ETOCDK, Vol. 10, No. 11, p 1431-1436, November 1991. 3 tab, 24 ref. AU - Randall, R C AU - Lee, H AU - Ozretich, RJ AU - Lake, J L AU - Pruell, R J AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Pacific Ecosystems Branch, ERL-N, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2111 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport OR Y1 - 1991/11// PY - 1991 DA - Nov 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Bioaccumulation KW - *Laboratory methods KW - *Lipids KW - *Path of pollutants KW - *Pesticide residues KW - *Pesticides KW - DDT KW - Model studies KW - Organic compounds KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Tissue analysis KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19150675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Selected+Lipid+Methods+for+Normalizing+Pollutant+Bioaccumulation&rft.au=Randall%2C+R+C%3BLee%2C+H%3BOzretich%2C+RJ%3BLake%2C+J+L%3BPruell%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Water Quality Model for a River Receiving Paper Mill Effluents and Conventional Sewage AN - 19129276; 9205970 AB - During low flow periods in summer, portions of the Pigeon River, North Carolina, have experienced depressed dissolved oxygen concentrations. The Pigeon River receives multiple point source effluents from several wastewater treatment facilities and a large kraft paper mill located in Canton, NC which contribute the oxygen demanding and nutrient loads to the river. A water quality model was constructed, from survey data specifically collected to meet the model's requirements, to examine the processes and sources contributing to the observed oxygen declines and to evaluate specific management alternatives. The model was validated using two independent data sets. Simulations showed that relatively little of the carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) materials released by the mill were degraded within the river and were subsequently 'deposited' in the reservoir at the end of the modelled river segment. Reductions in CBOD concentrations could be generally accounted for by tributary dilution. However, nitrogenous oxygen demanding materials released by the mill (e.g., NH3) created a considerable demand for oxygen within the modelled segment of the river. Model results showed that this relatively rapid degradation of nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand could depress oxygen levels to low levels (i.e., < 4 ppm) if artificial oxygenation was not used to supplement existing concentrations. The model also showed the majority of this oxygen supplement was released to the atmosphere and not maintained within the water column. Model analyses showed that the effluents associated with the wastewater treatment facilities had little effect on the water quality of the Pigeon River. (Author's abstract) JF - Ecological Modelling ECMODT, Vol. 58, No. 1/4, p 25-54, November 1991. 13 fig, 5 tab, 16 ref. AU - Summers, J K AU - Kazyak, P F AU - Weisberg, S B AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Lab., Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL Y1 - 1991/11// PY - 1991 DA - Nov 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Biochemical oxygen demand KW - *Dissolved oxygen KW - *Industrial wastewater KW - *Model studies KW - *Oxygen demand KW - *Pigeon River KW - *Pulp and paper industry KW - *Water pollution effects KW - *Water quality KW - North Carolina KW - Oxygenation KW - Simulation analysis KW - Wastewater disposal KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19129276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=A+Water+Quality+Model+for+a+River+Receiving+Paper+Mill+Effluents+and+Conventional+Sewage&rft.au=Summers%2C+J+K%3BKazyak%2C+P+F%3BWeisberg%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity equivalency factors for PCBs? AN - 72787469; 1669971 AB - In December 1990 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a workshop to discuss the applicability of an interim "toxicity equivalency factor" (TEF) approach to assessing risks posed by exposures to complex mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The group concluded that application of the TEF approach to PCBs would be less straightforward than it was in the case of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs). It appears that "dioxin"-like properties of some PCB congeners are amenable to a TEF treatment that is compatible with that used for CDDs/CDFs. Such a scheme also seems to have utility in assessing risks to wildlife. Other non-"dioxin"-like toxic endpoints (e.g., neurotoxicity) appear to have a different structure-activity-related mechanism-of-action that requires a separate TEF scheme. The workshop identified data gaps in toxicology and analytical chemistry that hinder adoption of proposed TEF schemes for PCBs at this time. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Barnes, D AU - Alford-Stevens, A AU - Birnbaum, L AU - Kutz, F W AU - Wood, W AU - Patton, D AD - Science Advisory Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - October 1991 SP - 70 EP - 81 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dioxins KW - dibenzofuran KW - 8U54U639VI KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Feasibility Studies KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Risk Factors KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- chemistry KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Dioxins -- toxicity KW - Benzofurans -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72787469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Toxicity+equivalency+factors+for+PCBs%3F&rft.au=Barnes%2C+D%3BAlford-Stevens%2C+A%3BBirnbaum%2C+L%3BKutz%2C+F+W%3BWood%2C+W%3BPatton%2C+D&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The weight of the evidence among group C carcinogens. AN - 72770553; 1669970 AB - Pesticide chemicals (more than 40) with limited evidence for carcinogenicity in animal experiments, and assigned to Group C according to the EPA Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, were further analyzed and ranked by refining the weight of the evidence evaluation. For some of these chemicals there were considerable concern with respect to their potential as human carcinogens and for others there was minimal concern. A clear tumor response at several doses, malignancy of the tumors, the tumor type (rare versus common), the timing of the tumor, and the observance of tumors in both sexes raised the concern for potential human carcinogenicity, as did ancillary information such as the structure-activity relationship and genotoxicity. The design and quality of the studies used in the evaluation were significant factors in reaching a conclusion concerning the carcinogenic potential of the chemicals. Potency factors (Q1*) calculated for these chemicals indicated no correlation with the level of biological evidence for carcinogenicity. JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Engler, R AU - Rinde, E AU - Frick, C AU - Quest, J AD - Science Analysis and Coordination Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - October 1991 SP - 51 EP - 69 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Research Design KW - Male KW - Female KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Pesticides -- classification KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72770553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=The+weight+of+the+evidence+among+group+C+carcinogens.&rft.au=Engler%2C+R%3BRinde%2C+E%3BFrick%2C+C%3BQuest%2C+J&rft.aulast=Engler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of supernumerary ribs in rodent developmental toxicity studies: postnatal persistence in rats and mice. AN - 72655043; 1794649 AB - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss-Webster mice were gavaged with bromoxynil at 15 and 96.4 mg/kg/day, respectively, on Days 6-15 of gestation. The frequency of supernumerary ribs (SNR), which are here defined as any degree of ossification lateral to the first lumbar vertebrae, was determined in fetuses at term and offspring on Postnatal Days 6, 20, and 40. Bromoxynil induced significant increases in the incidence of SNR in fetuses of both species. In rats, SNR occurred in 62% of treated fetuses as compared to 14% in controls; in mice these values were 45% and 11%, respectively. The postnatal incidence and persistence of SNR was species dependent. In the rat, postnatal SNR incidence in treated animals did not differ significantly from controls. In contrast, in mice the bromoxynil-induced elevated incidence of SNR persisted through Day 40 (42.3% in treated vs 0% in controls). Analysis of SNR was also done on the basis of their length (greater or less than 1/2 the length of the 13th rib). In the mouse, the incidence of smaller SNR was much lower on Day 40 as compared to Day 20; in contrast the incidence of larger SNR persisted through Day 40. In the rat, the incidence of larger SNR was too small to draw conclusions as to the postnatal fate of these structures. As in the mouse, however, the incidence of smaller SNR was significantly lower by Day 40. The significance of SNR in developmental toxicity remains problematic. The impact of this anomaly on animals is difficult to assess.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Chernoff, N AU - Rogers, J M AU - Turner, C I AU - Francis, B M AD - Developmental Toxicology Division, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - October 1991 SP - 448 EP - 453 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Nitriles KW - Teratogens KW - bromoxynil KW - J46EK95K0P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Ribs -- abnormalities KW - Nitriles -- toxicity KW - Herbicides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72655043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Significance+of+supernumerary+ribs+in+rodent+developmental+toxicity+studies%3A+postnatal+persistence+in+rats+and+mice.&rft.au=Chernoff%2C+N%3BRogers%2C+J+M%3BTurner%2C+C+I%3BFrancis%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Chernoff&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity of bromoxynil in mice and rats. AN - 72654989; 1794648 AB - The developmental toxicity of the wide-spectrum herbicide bromoxynil (bromoxynil phenol; 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl cyanide) was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss-Webster mice, and the developmental toxicity of its octanoate ester (2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenyl octanoate) was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were treated from Day 6 to Day 15 of gestation [presence of sperm or semen plug = 0 of gestation]. The doses administered were as follows: bromoxynil phenol in the mouse, 342, 114, and 38 mumol/kg/day; bromoxynil phenol and bromoxynil octanoate in the rat, 54, 18, and 6 mumol/kg/day. Some animals were killed on selected days during treatment for measurement of organ weights sensitive to stress. In mice treated with bromoxynil phenol, maternal mortality was noted at 114 and 342 mumol/kg/day, but surviving females gained weight normally. Liver to body weight ratios increased with increasing dose, but no consistent effect was seen on adrenal, thymus, or spleen weights. Fetuses of mice treated with the highest dose of bromoxynil phenol were of lower weight and had a higher incidence of supernumerary ribs than controls. In rats, bromoxynil phenol and its octanoate ester at the highest doses used caused no mortality but resulted in only transient decreases in maternal weight gain and significantly increased the liver to body weight ratio, but did not significantly alter adrenal, thymus, or spleen weight in the dams. No significant maternal effects were seen at lower doses. The highest doses of both compounds increased the incidence of supernumerary ribs in fetuses of treated rats, but did not induce other anomalies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Rogers, J M AU - Francis, B M AU - Barbee, B D AU - Chernoff, N AD - Developmental Toxicology Division, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - October 1991 SP - 442 EP - 447 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Nitriles KW - Teratogens KW - bromoxynil KW - J46EK95K0P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Nitriles -- toxicity KW - Herbicides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72654989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+of+bromoxynil+in+mice+and+rats.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+J+M%3BFrancis%2C+B+M%3BBarbee%2C+B+D%3BChernoff%2C+N&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=442&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of bromoergocryptine in the validation of protocols for the assessment of mechanisms of early pregnancy loss in the rat. AN - 72648788; 1794658 AB - Validated protocols for evaluating maternally mediated mechanisms of early pregnancy failure in rodents are needed for use in the risk assessment process. To supplement previous efforts in the validation of a panel of protocols assembled for this purpose, bromoergocryptine (BEC) was used as a model compound because it is known to inhibit pituitary prolactin secretion. BEC was tested using the early pregnancy protocol (EPP), the decidual cell response technique (DCR), the pre- vs postimplantation protocol (PPP), and embryo transport rate analysis (ETRA). These protocols evaluate the effects of chemicals on multiple endpoints following exposure during (a) the first 8 days of pregnancy, (b) early pseudopregnancy accompanied by decidual induction, (c) the pre- and postimplantation intervals of early pregnancy, or (d) the period of embryo transport. In the EPP, dosing with BEC during Days 1-8 of pregnancy reduced the number of implantation sites found on Day 9 as well as serum progesterone. The DCR technique revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of decidual growth concomitant with decreased serum progesterone as a result of BEC treatment. A modified DCR technique using hormone-supplemented ovariectomized rats demonstrated that BEC did not impair decidual growth in the presence of adequate progestogenic support. Pre- vs postimplantation dosing indicated that implantation is vulnerable to BEC effects at least through Day 4. BEC had no effect on embryo transport rate. Data from these protocols identified BEC as having adverse maternal effects during early pregnancy. While the pituitary was not identified by these protocols as the site of BEC's primary action, the protocols did identify a reduction in serum progesterone and impaired uterine function as toxicological mechanisms mediating the reduced fertility seen following BEC exposure. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Cummings, A M AU - Perreault, S D AU - Harris, S T AD - Reproductive Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - October 1991 SP - 563 EP - 574 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Bromocriptine KW - 3A64E3G5ZO KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Embryo Implantation -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Abortion, Veterinary -- chemically induced KW - Bromocriptine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72648788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Use+of+bromoergocryptine+in+the+validation+of+protocols+for+the+assessment+of+mechanisms+of+early+pregnancy+loss+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Cummings%2C+A+M%3BPerreault%2C+S+D%3BHarris%2C+S+T&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of on-line chemical property estimation methods with TSCA premanufacture notice chemicals. AN - 72608188; 1769354 AB - CHEMEST is an interactive on-line system for estimating chemical properties important in environmental fate assessment. In 1988 we described an extensive validation study of CHEMEST. That study showed that for existing chemicals, most properties could be estimated with accuracy sufficient for screening-level assessment. Reported here are the results of a study of system performance with "new" chemicals, for which Premanufacture Notices (PMNs) must be submitted under the Toxic Substances Control Act. Measured values of key properties were retrieved for more than 300 PMN chemicals having discrete structures, which represented the majority of notices with submitted data that were received by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency during the period 1979-1990. The measured values were compared to estimates from AUTOCHEM, an automated version of CHEMEST. Errors were generally greater than those for existing chemicals, as expected. Water solubility and the octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) were estimated with acceptable accuracy, but the results for melting point and boiling point indicate that additional effort is needed to improve the estimation methods. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Lynch, D G AU - Tirado, N F AU - Boethling, R S AU - Huse, G R AU - Thom, G C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - October 1991 SP - 240 EP - 249 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Solubility KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Volatilization KW - Chemical Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Legislation, Drug -- trends KW - Online Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72608188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Performance+of+on-line+chemical+property+estimation+methods+with+TSCA+premanufacture+notice+chemicals.&rft.au=Lynch%2C+D+G%3BTirado%2C+N+F%3BBoethling%2C+R+S%3BHuse%2C+G+R%3BThom%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-02-21 N1 - Date created - 1992-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adducts in rat lung, liver and peripheral blood lymphocytes produced by i.p. administration of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites and derivatives. AN - 72441085; 1934277 AB - DNA adducts produced in vivo in rat lung, liver and peripheral blood lymphocytes following the i.p. administration of several synthetic benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolites and ring-substituted derivatives have been analyzed by the nuclease P1 version of the 32P-postlabeling assay. These include 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11- and 12-hydroxy-B[a]P, (+/-)-B[a]P-trans-4,5-dihydrodiol, (+/-)-B[a]P-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol, (+/-)-B[a]P-trans-9,10-dihydrodiol and B[a]P-7,8-dione. Among the monohydroxy derivatives, only 2-, 9- and 12-hydroxy-B[a]P produced detectable adducts. The only disubstituted derivative studied that produced adducts was the trans-7,8-dihydrodiol. The resulting DNA adducts were compared to those produced in each tissue by administration of B[a]P. 9-Hydroxy-B[a]P and B[a]P-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol each lead to the formation of major B[a]P adducts seen in lung and liver respectively. None of the adducts derived from either 2-hydroxy-B[a]P or 12-hydroxy-B[a]P were observed following administration of B[a]P alone. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Ross, J AU - Nelson, G AU - Erexson, G AU - Kligerman, A AU - Earley, K AU - Gupta, R C AU - Nesnow, S AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - October 1991 SP - 1953 EP - 1955 VL - 12 IS - 10 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Benzopyrenes KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes KW - benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-DNA KW - benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - 2-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene KW - 56892-30-9 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- metabolism KW - Benzopyrenes -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- analogs & derivatives KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72441085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=DNA+adducts+in+rat+lung%2C+liver+and+peripheral+blood+lymphocytes+produced+by+i.p.+administration+of+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+metabolites+and+derivatives.&rft.au=Ross%2C+J%3BNelson%2C+G%3BErexson%2C+G%3BKligerman%2C+A%3BEarley%2C+K%3BGupta%2C+R+C%3BNesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-11-25 N1 - Date created - 1991-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the use of known mutagens to calibrate the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay: I. Without exogenous activation. AN - 72148565; 1922140 AB - There has been an increasing need in genetic toxicology to progress from strictly qualitative tests to more quantitative tests. This, in turn, has increased the need to develop better quality assurance and comparative bioassay methods. In this paper, two laboratories tested 10 Salmonella mutagens in order to determine the usefulness of selected chemicals as potential reference materials to calibrate the Salmonella assay. If variance within a bioassay is sufficiently low and the rankings of the compounds are of acceptable consistency, the chemicals later could be evaluated for use as standard control compounds, as audit materials, and as standard reference materials for comparative bioassay efforts. The results demonstrated that the chosen chemicals (with the possible exception of dimethylcarbamylchloride) provide such consistent results in the Salmonella mutagenicity bioassay that they can be used for semi-quantitative calibration and as possible bioassay controls, special audit chemicals, and potentially as reference standards in comparative bioassay efforts. Reference standards, whether used as audit materials or in comparative bioassays, must be used concurrently with the test substances of interest; used without bias; used in a standardized, highly controlled bioassay; and be tested across an appropriate dose range. The study also shows that when these compounds are used as reference standards much care must be given to the number and spacing of doses if highly reproducible slope values are to be generated. We recommend use of a pilot test to establish a dose range for definitive tests and the placement of doses for the definitive tests within the first half of the linear dose-response curve. For appropriate comparisons, one should replicate the tests using the defined dose range and analyze the results in a non-biased statistical manner. JF - Mutation research AU - Claxton, L D AU - Houk, V S AU - Monteith, L G AU - Myers, L E AU - Hughes, T J AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - October 1991 SP - 137 EP - 147 VL - 253 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Reference Standards KW - Calibration KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72148565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+use+of+known+mutagens+to+calibrate+the+Salmonella+typhimurium+mutagenicity+assay%3A+I.+Without+exogenous+activation.&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BHouk%2C+V+S%3BMonteith%2C+L+G%3BMyers%2C+L+E%3BHughes%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=253&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-10-31 N1 - Date created - 1991-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the relationship of metabolic activation system concentrations and chemical dose concentrations for the Salmonella spiral and plate assays. AN - 72145960; 1922139 AB - A factorial experimental design was used within this study to evaluate the influence of multiple metabolic activation system concentrations on the dose-response exhibited by promutagens (indirect-acting mutagens) in the Salmonella spiral and plate assays. The mutagenic activity of the three compounds used spanned three orders of magnitude. The mutagenic activity of the compounds ranged from 10 to 100 revertants/micrograms for acetylaminofluorene (2AAF) to more than 1000 revertants/micrograms for 2-aminoanthracene (2AA). Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) activity was within an intermediate range (100-1000 revertants/micrograms). During a single experiment, a mutagen was tested in TA100 at 13 doses plus a negative control dose. Each dose was tested at 10 S9 concentrations. The S9 concentrations ranged from 0.1 mg protein/plate to 4 mg protein/plate in the standard plate assay and from 0.25 to 4.90 mg-equivalents in the spiral assay. The spiral Salmonella assay, an automated version of the standard assay, generates dose-response data from a concentration gradient on a single agar plate, thereby providing a straightforward approach to this type of study. This study demonstrates not only that even small differences in S9 concentrations can affect the measurement of mutagenic potency but that S9/compound interactions cannot be generalized through the use of interaction studies. This study also shows that spiral assay data and plate assay data for promutagens cannot be compared directly unless the S9 concentrations for all chemical doses are also comparable. JF - Mutation research AU - Claxton, L D AU - Houk, V S AU - Allison, J C AU - Creason, J AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - October 1991 SP - 127 EP - 136 VL - 253 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - 2-anthramine KW - 8240818JGU KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Animals KW - Factor Analysis, Statistical KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Biotransformation KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Male KW - Anthracenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72145960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+relationship+of+metabolic+activation+system+concentrations+and+chemical+dose+concentrations+for+the+Salmonella+spiral+and+plate+assays.&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BHouk%2C+V+S%3BAllison%2C+J+C%3BCreason%2C+J&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=253&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-10-31 N1 - Date created - 1991-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution and acute respiratory illness in five German communities. AN - 72122865; 1915187 AB - To assess the impact of short-term exposure to air pollution on respiratory illness in children we recruited pediatricians and hospitals in five German cities to report daily counts of children's visits for croup symptoms and obstructive bronchitis. Data were collected for at least 2 years in each location. These symptoms are predominantly found in very young children, with the croup reporting peaking at 2 years of age and obstructive bronchitis at 1 year. Attacks of croup and obstructive bronchitis were relatively rare events: the mean number of cases of croup per day in each city ranged from 0.5 to 3, and obstructive bronchitis was even less frequent. A total of 6330 cases of croup and 4755 cases of obstructive bronchitis were observed during the study. The distributions of these events were quite skewed and were modeled as a Poisson process. To focus the analysis on short-term correlations and avoid seasonal confounding, biannual, annual (seasonal), and six shorter term cycles were controlled for in the regression models. After controlling for short-term weather factors, total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were associated with croup cases. An increase in TSP levels from 10 micrograms/m3 to 70 micrograms/m3 was associated with a 27% increase in cases of croup; the same increase in NO2 levels resulted in a 28% increase in cases. No pollutant was associated with daily cases of obstructive bronchitis. JF - Environmental research AU - Schwartz, J AU - Spix, C AU - Wichmann, H E AU - Malin, E AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - October 1991 SP - 1 EP - 14 VL - 56 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Sulfur Dioxide KW - 0UZA3422Q4 KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - S7G510RUBH KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Nitrogen Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Sulfur Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Seasons KW - Germany KW - Female KW - Male KW - Bronchitis -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Bronchitis -- etiology KW - Croup -- etiology KW - Croup -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72122865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+and+acute+respiratory+illness+in+five+German+communities.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J%3BSpix%2C+C%3BWichmann%2C+H+E%3BMalin%2C+E&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-11-08 N1 - Date created - 1991-11-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Water from Agriculturally Contaminated Groundwater AN - 19151991; 9204062 AB - Sharp increases in fertilizer and pesticide use throughout the 1960s and 1970s along with generally less attachment of the chemicals to soil particles may result in more widespread contamination of drinking water supplies. U.S. Geological Survey data have indicated that in nearly one-third the counties analyzed more than 25% of sampled wells had nitrate-N levels exceeding 3 mg/L. Five percent of all the counties analyzed had more than 25% of their wells exceeding the 10 mg/L drinking water standard. An EPA data base indicated that a total of 74 pesticides have been detected in groundwater in 38 states. Alachlor, atrazine, butylate, and metolachlor account for over one-half of all herbicides used and are considered to have a moderate to high potential to leach. Through case studies and field-scale research projects, several different drinking water treatment technologies have been evaluated for their ability to remove various groundwater contaminants. Both central treatment and individual point of entry devices were studied. Treatment options vary depending on the types of contaminants to be removed. Best available technology consists of ion exchange or reverse osmosis for removing nitrates, granular activated carbon for removing non-volatile synthetic organics, and air stripping for volatile synthetic organics. Since there is no single treatment for all contaminants, the best cost-effective treatment scheme must be selected for each individual situation. (MacKeen-PTT) JF - Journal of Environmental Quality JEVQAA, Vol. 20, No. 4, p 707-717, October/December 1991. 1 fig, 10 tab, 27 ref, append. AU - Goodrich, JA AU - Lykins, B W AU - Clark, R M AD - Systems and Field Evaluation Branch, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - Oct 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Agricultural chemicals KW - *Drinking water KW - *Groundwater pollution KW - *Nitrates KW - *Nonpoint pollution sources KW - *Water treatment KW - Activated carbon KW - Air stripping KW - Fertilizers KW - Field tests KW - Ion exchange KW - Leaching KW - Path of pollutants KW - Pesticides KW - Reverse osmosis KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19151991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drinking+Water+from+Agriculturally+Contaminated+Groundwater&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+JA%3BLykins%2C+B+W%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal Changes in the Benthos Along a Pollution Gradient: Discriminating the Effects of Natural Phenomena from Sewage-Industrial Wastewater Effects AN - 19133114; 9202880 AB - As pollution from the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD) outfalls decreased between 1980 and 1983, the macrobenthic community partially recovered and surficial (0-2 cm deep) sediment contamination and toxicity decreased at 60 m water depth along a pollution gradient from the outfalls. Pollution from the outfalls continued to decrease, but macrobenthic conditions and surficial sediment quality deteriorated 1 km, was unchanged 3 km, and improved 5-15 km from the outfalls between 1983 and 1986. The net effect of natural phenomena is indicated when ecosystem changes occur in the opposite direction from that expected under prevailing pollution conditions. Data suggest that the net effect of natural phenomena (e.g., winter storms, El Nino) on the benthos was greater than wastewater effects 1 km, about equal to wastewater effects 3 km, and less than wastewater effects 5-15 km from the outfalls at the LACSD 1983-1986 mass emission rate. Surficial sediment samples collected beyond the 1 km station probably represented >>3 yr of natural plus effluent particulates accumulation, and were better suited for detecting long-term trends than for testing short-term temporal variability in surficial sediment contamination and toxicity. Nevertheless, some contaminants in the surficial sediments increased significantly between 1983 and 1986, probably primarily reflecting renewed wastewater effects near the outfalls and the effects of natural phenomena further away. (Author's abstract) JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science ECSSD3, Vol. 33, No. 4, p 383-407, October 1991. 5 fig, 6 tab, 71 ref. AU - Ferraro, S P AU - Swartz, R C AU - Cole, F A AU - Schults, D W AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Pacific Ecosystems Branch, ERL-N, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2111 S. E. Marine Science Drive, Newport, Oregon Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - Oct 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Benthos KW - *Ecological effects KW - *Los Angeles KW - *Outfall KW - *Sediment contamination KW - *Wastewater outfall KW - *Wastewater pollution KW - *Water pollution effects KW - Effluents KW - El Nino/Southern Oscillation KW - Particulate matter KW - Sampling KW - Storms KW - Toxicity KW - Water depth KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19133114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Temporal+Changes+in+the+Benthos+Along+a+Pollution+Gradient%3A+Discriminating+the+Effects+of+Natural+Phenomena+from+Sewage-Industrial+Wastewater+Effects&rft.au=Ferraro%2C+S+P%3BSwartz%2C+R+C%3BCole%2C+F+A%3BSchults%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Privatization -- A U.K. System of Regulation AN - 19121584; 9203430 AB - When ten water authorities covering water supply and sewerage in England and Wales were privatized in 1989, a new regulatory regime was established. This regulatory regime is comprised of two water quality regulators who set standards for drinking water and wastewater discharged to rivers and coastal waters; an economic regulator; and regulatory bodies including the European Commission and the U. K. Monopolies and Mergers Commission. The secretary of state for the environment has overall responsibility for environmental policy and the secretary of state for trade has responsibility for consumer, competition and merger policies. The economic regulator, working out of the Office of Water Services (OFWAT), inherited price limits that were set when privatization occurred, adjusts them as new obligations arise, and rolls them forward at periodic reviews, which are likely to take place every 5 years. OFWAT has three key tasks: price control, regulating service standards, and consumer representation. Price cap regulation is designed to give companies incentives to reduce costs. OFWAT is concerned that the pricing mechanism should not degenerate into annual rate cost fixing. Comparative competition between water companies, though inferior to market competition, will be the basis for setting price limits. Mergers between water companies will be regulated to prevent prejudicing these comparisons. The director of OFWAT appoints 10 geographically based consumer service committees. Each company is allocated to one of these committees. Their task is to insure that the main concerns of water customers are handled promptly. (Doyle-PTT) JF - Water Environment & Technology WAETEJ, Vol. 3, No. 10, p 94-96, October 1991. 1 fig. AU - Byatt, ICR AD - Office of Water Services, Birmingham, England Y1 - 1991/10// PY - 1991 DA - Oct 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Administrative agencies KW - *Economic aspects KW - *England KW - *Pricing KW - *Privatization KW - *Utilities KW - *Water districts KW - *Water management KW - *Water resources management KW - Administrative regulations KW - Competition KW - Regulations KW - Supervisory control KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19121584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Privatization+--+A+U.K.+System+of+Regulation&rft.au=Byatt%2C+ICR&rft.aulast=Byatt&rft.aufirst=ICR&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiologically based toxicokinetic modeling of three waterborne chloroethanes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AN - 72474752; 1949008 AB - A physiologically based toxicokinetic model for fish was used to simulate the uptake and disposition of three waterborne chloroethanes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were exposed to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, pentachloroethane, and hexachloroethane in fish respirometer-metabolism chambers to assess the kinetics of chemical accumulation in arterial blood and chemical extraction efficiency from inspired water. Chemical residues in tissues were measured at the end of each experiment. Trout exposed to tetrachloroethane were close to steady-state in 48 hr. Fish exposed to pentachloroethane were near steady-state in 264 hr. Extraction efficiency data showed that systemic (extrabranchial) elimination of both chemicals was small. Hexachloroethane continued to accumulate in fish exposed for 600 hr. Parameterized with chemical partitioning data obtained in vitro, the model accurately simulated the uptake of all three chloroethanes in blood and tissues and their extraction from inspired water. These results provide support for the basic model structure and the accuracy of physiological input parameters. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Nichols, J W AU - McKim, J M AU - Lien, G J AU - Hoffman, A D AU - Bertelsen, S L AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, Minnesota 55804. Y1 - 1991/09/15/ PY - 1991 DA - 1991 Sep 15 SP - 374 EP - 389 VL - 110 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane KW - 1L6BI049XV KW - hexachloroethane KW - G30K3QQT4J KW - Ethane KW - L99N5N533T KW - pentachloroethane KW - QOJ9TH7LDL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Bile -- metabolism KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Ethane -- adverse effects KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- pharmacokinetics KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- blood KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Ethane -- blood KW - Trout -- blood KW - Ethane -- analogs & derivatives KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- pharmacokinetics KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- adverse effects KW - Ethane -- pharmacokinetics KW - Trout -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72474752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Physiologically+based+toxicokinetic+modeling+of+three+waterborne+chloroethanes+in+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss%29.&rft.au=Nichols%2C+J+W%3BMcKim%2C+J+M%3BLien%2C+G+J%3BHoffman%2C+A+D%3BBertelsen%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-09-15&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-11-27 N1 - Date created - 1991-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead and minor hearing impairment. AN - 85260877; pmid-1953038 AB - We examined data recorded for 3,545 subjects aged 6-19 y who participated in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Survey. We sought to confirm a relationship between blood lead levels and elevated hearing thresholds that we previously reported in a similar study in which data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Lead was associated with an increased risk of hearing thresholds that were elevated above the standard reference level at all four frequencies (i.e., 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, and 4,000 Hz). Lead was also associated with hearing thresholds when they were treated as a continuous outcome. The relationships appeared to continue at blood lead levels less than 10 micrograms/dl. An increase in blood lead, from 6 micrograms/dl to 18 micrograms/dl, was associated with a 2-dB loss in hearing at all frequencies, and an additional 15% of children had hearing thresholds that were below the standard at 2,000 Hz. JF - Archives of Environmental Health AU - Schwartz, J AU - Otto, D AD - Office of Policy Analysis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. PY - 1991 SP - 300 EP - 305 VL - 46 IS - 5 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - United States KW - Cuba KW - Regression Analysis KW - Hearing Disorders KW - Puerto Rico KW - Audiometry, Pure-Tone KW - Human KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Lead KW - Income KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Mexican Americans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85260877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Lead+and+minor+hearing+impairment.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J%3BOtto%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucocorticoids regulate the synthesis of glial fibrillary acidic protein in intact and adrenalectomized rats but do not affect its expression following brain injury. AN - 80714586; 1677678 AB - Short (5 days)- to long-term (4 months) corticosterone (CORT) administration by injection, pellet implantation, or in the drinking water decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by 20-40% in hippocampus and cortex of intact rats. In contrast to CORT, adrenalectomy (ADX) caused elevations (50-125%) in hippocampus and cortex GFAP within 12 days of surgery that persisted for at least 4 months. CORT replacement of ADX rats decreased GFAP amount in hippocampus and cortex. The effects of long-term CORT and ADX on GFAP in hippocampus and cortex were also seen in striatum, midbrain, and cerebellum, findings suggestive of brain-wide adrenal steroid regulation of this astrocyte protein. The changes in GFAP amount due to CORT and ADX were paralleled by changes in GFAP mRNA, indicating a possible transcriptional or at least genomic effect of adrenal steroids. Glucocorticoid regulation of GFAP was relatively specific; it could not be generalized to other astrocyte proteins or other major structural proteins of neurons. The negative regulation of GFAP and GFAP mRNA by adrenal steroids suggested that increases in GFAP that result from brain injury may be attenuated by glucocorticoids. However, chronic CORT treatment of intact rats did not reverse or reduce the large increases in GFAP caused by trauma- or toxicant-induced brain damage. Thus, glucocorticoids and injury appear to regulate the expression of GFAP through different mechanisms. In contrast to the lack of effects of CORT on brain damage-induced increases in GFAP, CORT treatment begun in 2-week ADX rats, after an increase in GFAP had time to occur, did reverse the ADX-induced increase in GFAP. These results suggest that the increase in GFAP resulting from ADX is not mediated through an injury-linked mechanism. JF - Journal of neurochemistry AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Brinton, R E AU - McEwen, B S AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - September 1991 SP - 860 EP - 869 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3042, 0022-3042 KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Glucocorticoids KW - RNA, Messenger KW - S100 Proteins KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - Tubulin KW - Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase KW - EC 6.3.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Wounds and Injuries -- physiopathology KW - Cerebral Cortex -- metabolism KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Adrenal Glands -- physiology KW - Tubulin -- metabolism KW - Actins -- metabolism KW - Immunohistochemistry -- methods KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Neuroglia -- metabolism KW - Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase -- metabolism KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - S100 Proteins -- metabolism KW - Wounds and Injuries -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Glucocorticoids -- analysis KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Adrenalectomy KW - Glucocorticoids -- pharmacology KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- genetics KW - Brain Injuries -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80714586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.atitle=Glucocorticoids+regulate+the+synthesis+of+glial+fibrillary+acidic+protein+in+intact+and+adrenalectomized+rats+but+do+not+affect+its+expression+following+brain+injury.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BBrinton%2C+R+E%3BMcEwen%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-09-04 N1 - Date created - 1991-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Current Status of Solid Waste Management in P.R. China AN - 760214854; 13641546 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Qing, Shi AD - NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - Sep 1991 SP - 251 EP - 261 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 7 IS - 5-6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Solid waste management KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Solid wastes KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=The+Current+Status+of+Solid+Waste+Management+in+P.R.+China&rft.au=Qing%2C+Shi&rft.aulast=Qing&rft.aufirst=Shi&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379100700527 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solid wastes; Solid waste management; China, People's Rep. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379100700527 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor Air Quality: Assessing Health Impacts and Risks AN - 760214848; 13641539 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Berry, Michael A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - Sep 1991 SP - 179 EP - 186 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 7 IS - 5-6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Indoor air pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Indoor+Air+Quality%3A+Assessing+Health+Impacts+and+Risks&rft.au=Berry%2C+Michael+A&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379100700520 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Indoor air pollution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379100700520 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Risk Assessment Guidelines: Current Status and Future Directions AN - 760214772; 13641553 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Farland, William H AD - Office of Health and Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. EPA Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - Sep 1991 SP - 313 EP - 317 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 7 IS - 5-6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - EPA KW - USA KW - guidelines KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+Risk+Assessment+Guidelines%3A+Current+Status+and+Future+Directions&rft.au=Farland%2C+William+H&rft.aulast=Farland&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379100700534 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; EPA; guidelines; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379100700534 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Personal Exposure To 25 Volatile Organic Compounds Epa's 1987 Team Study in Los Angeles, California AN - 755136291; 13641542 AB - The US EPA and the California Air Resources Board studied the exposures of 51 residents of Los Angeles, CA to 25 volatile organic chemicals in air and drinking water in February and July of 1987. Participants carried a personal air monitor consisting of a Tenax cartridge and a small sampling pump for two consecutive 12-hour periods. Concurrently, outdoor air samples were collected in the back yards and indoor air samples were collected in the kitchen and living room. Breath samples were collected at the beginning, middle, and end of the 24-hour monitoring period using a van- mounted spirometer employing Tedlar bags followed by collection on Tenax cartridges. All analyses were by GC/MS. Air exchange measurements were made at all homes using the perfluorotracer method.For most chemicals, personal air concentrations were greater than indoor air levels, which were in turn greater than outdoor air concentrations. Breath concentrations were more stable than air exposures and were significantly correlated with previous exposure. Using the air exchange measurements, whole-house source strengths were estimated to range between approximately zero for carbon tetrachloride to 10,000 mu g/h for para-dichlorobenzene. Ambient concentrations in February were two-three times those in July, perhaps due to strong inversions. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Wallace, Lance A AD - Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory Office of Research and Development US Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - Sep 1991 SP - 203 EP - 208 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 7 IS - 5-6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755136291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Personal+Exposure+To+25+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+Epa%27s+1987+Team+Study+in+Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Lance+A&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Lance&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379100700523 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379100700523 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of 10 chemicals for aneuploidy induction in the hexaploid wheat assay. AN - 72662708; 1795640 AB - This study was a part of an international project sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities to evaluate the utility of certain bioassays including hexaploid wheat assay to identify potential aneugens. Ten suspect spindle poisons, i.e. colchicine (COL), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), chloral hydrate (CH), diazepam (DIZ), econazole (EZ), hydroquinone (HQ), pyrimethamine (PY), thiabendazole (TB), thimerosal (TM), and vinblastin sulphate (VBL) were tested for their ability to induce green and/or white leaf sectors as indicators of loss or gain of a chromosome respectively, in Neatby's strain of Chinese Spring wheat (2n = 6x = 42). All the chemicals tested in this study, with the exception of CH and HQ yielded positive response. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Sandhu, S S AU - Dhesi, J S AU - Gill, B S AU - Svendsgaard, D AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - September 1991 SP - 369 EP - 373 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Triticum -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aneuploidy KW - Mutagens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72662708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+10+chemicals+for+aneuploidy+induction+in+the+hexaploid+wheat+assay.&rft.au=Sandhu%2C+S+S%3BDhesi%2C+J+S%3BGill%2C+B+S%3BSvendsgaard%2C+D&rft.aulast=Sandhu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent advances in risk reduction engineering. AN - 72632074; 1780867 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Convery, J J AD - Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. PY - 1991 SP - 283 EP - 292 VL - 7 IS - 5-6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Hazardous Waste -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Refuse Disposal -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72632074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Recent+advances+in+risk+reduction+engineering.&rft.au=Convery%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Convery&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-10 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neonatal exposure to triethyltin disrupts olfactory discrimination learning in preweanling rats. AN - 72564635; 1758405 AB - Triethyltin is an organotin compound that is known to produce neurotoxicity in both adult and developing organisms. Although this neurotoxicity has been documented with a variety of behavioral and biological measures, the effects of this compound on learning during early development have been less extensively studied. The present study reports four experiments that examined this question with an odor aversion learning paradigm in which pups received presentations of one odor paired with footshock and an alternate odor without shock. In Experiment 1, Long-Evans rat pups were injected IP on postnatal day 5 (PND 5) with either 0, 3 or 5 mg/kg TET and then tested for olfactory discrimination learning on PND 18. Only the 5-mg/kg dose impaired discrimination learning. In Experiment 2, PND 5 exposure to TET (5 mg/kg) disrupted olfactory learning on PND 18 but not on PND 12, whereas exposure on PND 10 disrupted learning at both ages of testing. In Experiment 3, PND 16 exposure to TET (5 mg/kg) also disrupted acquisition of olfactory learning on PND 18 but had no effect on retention of an olfactory discrimination that was acquired prior to TET exposure (i.e., on PND 14 and PND 15). Unconditioned responses to footshock were also unaffected by TET (Experiment 4). These findings indicate that neonatal exposure to TET impairs associative learning in developing rats and are discussed in relation to other studies of the developmental neurotoxicity of this compound. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Stanton, M E AD - Neurotoxicology Division (MD-74B), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1991 SP - 515 EP - 524 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Triethyltin Compounds KW - triethyltin KW - 5XCT3EQJ85 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Aging KW - Avoidance Learning -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Brain -- anatomy & histology KW - Electroshock KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Discrimination (Psychology) -- drug effects KW - Smell -- drug effects KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Triethyltin Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72564635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Neonatal+exposure+to+triethyltin+disrupts+olfactory+discrimination+learning+in+preweanling+rats.&rft.au=Stanton%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of in situ vitrification and rotary kiln incineration for soils treatment. AN - 72564513; 1756041 AB - In the hazardous waste community, the term "thermal destruction" is a catchall phrase that broadly refers to high temperature destruction of hazardous contaminants. Included in the thermal destruction category are treatment technologies such as rotary kiln incineration, fluidized bed incineration, infrared thermal treatment, wet air oxidation, pyrolytic incineration, and vitrification. Among them, conventional rotary kiln incineration, a disposal method for many years, is the most well established, and often serves as a barometer to gauge the relative success of similar technologies. Public sentiment on environmental issues and increasingly stringent environmental regulations has, over time, spurred design and development of innovative thermal treatment processes directed toward reducing harmful emissions and residuals that may require further treatment or disposal. In situ vitrification (ISV), a technology that combines heat and immobilization, is one such innovative and relatively new technology. This paper presents a comparison of ISV and rotary kiln incineration for soils treatment in the areas of process performance, process residuals, process limitations, applicable or relevant and appropriate (ARARs) regulations, criteria and limitations, and costs. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Shearer, T L AD - Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - September 1991 SP - 1259 EP - 1264 VL - 41 IS - 9 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Refuse Disposal -- methods KW - Hazardous Waste -- prevention & control KW - Refuse Disposal -- economics KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72564513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+in+situ+vitrification+and+rotary+kiln+incineration+for+soils+treatment.&rft.au=Shearer%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Shearer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1992-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecologically significant effects of Pseudomonas putida PPO301(pRO103), genetically engineered to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, on microbial populations and processes in soil. AN - 72492692; 1954581 AB - Pseudomonas putida PPO301 (pRO103), genetically engineered to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, affected microbial populations and processes in a nonsterile xeric soil. In soil amended with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (500 micrograms/g soil) and inoculated with PPO301 (pRO103), the rate of evolution of carbon dioxide was retarded for approximately 35 days; there was a transient increase in dehydrogenase activity; and the number of fungal propagules decreased below detection after 18 days. In unamended soil inoculated with PPO301(pRO103), the rate of evolution of carbon dioxide and the dehydrogenase activity were unaffected, and the numbers of fungal propagules were reduced by about two orders of magnitude. The numbers of total, spore-forming, and chitin-utilizing bacteria were reduced transiently in soil either amended or unamended with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate and inoculated with PPO301(pRO103). The activities of arylsulfatases and phosphatases in soil were not affected by the presence of PPO301(pRO103), either in the presence or absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. In soil amended with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate and inoculated with the parental strain (PPO301) or not inoculated, the evolution of carbon dioxide, the numbers of fungal propagules and of total, spore-forming, and chitin-utilizing bacteria, and the dehydrogenase activity were not affected as in soil inoculated with PPO301(pRO103). These results demonstrated that a genetically engineered microorganism, in the presence of the substrate on which its novel genes can function, is capable of inducing measurable ecological effects in soil. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Doyle, J D AU - Short, K A AU - Stotzky, G AU - King, R J AU - Seidler, R J AU - Olsen, R H AD - ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., United States Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333. Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - September 1991 SP - 682 EP - 691 VL - 37 IS - 9 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 2577AQ9262 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecology KW - Genetic Engineering KW - Glucose -- metabolism KW - Spores, Fungal KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Carbon Dioxide -- metabolism KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas putida -- metabolism KW - Pseudomonas putida -- physiology KW - Fungi -- physiology KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Pseudomonas putida -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72492692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.atitle=Ecologically+significant+effects+of+Pseudomonas+putida+PPO301%28pRO103%29%2C+genetically+engineered+to+degrade+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetate%2C+on+microbial+populations+and+processes+in+soil.&rft.au=Doyle%2C+J+D%3BShort%2C+K+A%3BStotzky%2C+G%3BKing%2C+R+J%3BSeidler%2C+R+J%3BOlsen%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential impact of hypothermia and pentobarbital on brain-stem auditory evoked responses. AN - 72101381; 1716567 AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of hypothermia and pentobarbital anesthesia, alone and in combination, on the brain-stem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) of rats. In experiment I, unanesthetized rats were cooled to colonic temperatures 0.5 and 1.0 degrees C below normal. In experiment II, 2 groups of rats were cooled and tested at 37.5, 36.0, 34.5 and 31.5 degrees C. One group was anesthetized during testing and the other group was awake. The rat BAER was sensitive to cooling of 1 degree C or less. Peak latencies were prolonged and peak-to-peak amplitudes were increased by hypothermia alone. The effect on amplitude may be related to the time course of temperature change or to stimulus level. Pentobarbital significantly affected both latencies and amplitudes over and above the effects of cooling. The specific effects of pentobarbital differed by BAER peak and by temperature. The findings point up the importance of the potential confound of anesthetic drugs in most of the evoked potential literature on hypothermia and, for the first time, quantify the complex interactions between pentobarbital and temperature which affect the BAER wave form. JF - Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology AU - Janssen, R AU - Hetzler, B E AU - Creason, J P AU - Dyer, R S AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1991 SP - 412 EP - 421 VL - 80 IS - 5 SN - 0013-4694, 0013-4694 KW - Pentobarbital KW - I4744080IR KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Reaction Time -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Anesthesia KW - Body Temperature KW - Electroencephalography KW - Reaction Time -- physiology KW - Male KW - Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem -- drug effects KW - Hypothermia, Induced KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Pentobarbital -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72101381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electroencephalography+and+clinical+neurophysiology&rft.atitle=Differential+impact+of+hypothermia+and+pentobarbital+on+brain-stem+auditory+evoked+responses.&rft.au=Janssen%2C+R%3BHetzler%2C+B+E%3BCreason%2C+J+P%3BDyer%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Janssen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electroencephalography+and+clinical+neurophysiology&rft.issn=00134694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-10-24 N1 - Date created - 1991-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improvement in the diagnostic potential of 32P-postlabeling analysis demonstrated by the selective formation and comparative analysis of nitrated-PAH-derived adducts arising from diesel particle extracts. AN - 72097139; 1893529 AB - Two versions of the 32P-postlabeling assay (nuclease P1 and butanol extraction) enhance the detection limit of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-modified DNA. Previously published studies suggest that DNA adducts derived from N-substituted aryl compounds are poorly recovered in the nuclease P1 version. In this study, both versions were employed to ascertain whether the apparent differences in sensitivity could be used to select diagnostically for nitroaromatic-DNA adducts derived by treating calf thymus DNA with organic extracts isolated from four diesel and one gasoline vehicle emission particles. We enhanced the formation of nitrated-PAH-derived adducts through xanthine oxidase (XO)-catalyzed nitroreduction of nitrated-PAHs, constituents previously detected in the diesel emissions. Chromatographic mobilities of the XO-derived DNA adducts were compared to adducts detected in calf thymus DNA resulting from rat liver S9-mediated metabolism. All four diesel organic extracts treated with XO resulted in the formation of one major DNA adduct, chromatographically distinct from the multiple DNA adducts detected in the rat liver S9-treated incubations. This adduct was detectable with the butanol extraction but not the nuclease P1 version of the 32P-postlabeling assay and was chromatographically similar to DNA adducts formed following XO nitroreduction of 1-nitropyrene or ascorbic acid treatment of 1-nitro-8-nitroso-pyrene and 1-nitro-6-nitrosopyrene. In contrast, when S9 activation was used, multiple DNA adducts were detected along a diagonal zone of radioactivity and were radioactively labeled with equivalent efficiency irrespective of the assay version employed. The in vitro calf thymus DNA model described in this study enhances the diagnostic potential of the 32P-postlabeling assay through the selective formation of nuclease P1-sensitive N-substituted aryl-derived DNA adducts. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Gallagher, J E AU - Kohan, M J AU - George, M H AU - Lewtas, J AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - September 1991 SP - 1685 EP - 1691 VL - 12 IS - 9 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Gasoline KW - Nitrates KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Xanthine Oxidase KW - EC 1.17.3.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Xanthine Oxidase -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Biotransformation KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Nitrates -- chemistry KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72097139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Improvement+in+the+diagnostic+potential+of+32P-postlabeling+analysis+demonstrated+by+the+selective+formation+and+comparative+analysis+of+nitrated-PAH-derived+adducts+arising+from+diesel+particle+extracts.&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+J+E%3BKohan%2C+M+J%3BGeorge%2C+M+H%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1991-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of behavioral thermoregulation in the rat. AN - 72080691; 1887959 AB - Past studies have found that the laboratory rat placed in a temperature gradient prefers temperatures that are markedly below its lower critical ambient temperature (LCT), whereas other rodents (e.g., mouse, hamster, and guinea pig) generally select thermal environments associated with minimal metabolic expenditure. To further study the rat's thermoregulatory behavior, a temperature gradient was designed to monitor the selected ambient temperature (STa) and motor activity (MA) of food-deprived rats of the Long-Evans (LE), Fischer 344 (F344), and Sprague-Dawley (SD) strains over a 22-h period. All three rat strains selected relatively cool STas of 21-26 degrees C during the first 1-3 h in the temperature gradient. This was followed by a gradual increase in the STa that peaked at 4 (F344) to 6 h (SD and LE) after being placed in the gradient. The LE strain had a significantly lower STa during the initial period in the gradient. There were slight decreases in the STa during the nocturnal phase in the F344 and SD strains concomitant with marked increases in MA. These results indicate that the rat requires a relatively long adjustment period in a temperature gradient before it exhibits STas that are associated with minimal metabolic expenditure. Given adequate time for accommodation, behavioral thermoregulatory responses of the rat appear to be similar to those of other rodents. JF - The American journal of physiology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Lee, K L AU - Chen, T L AU - Killough, P AU - Ali, J S AD - Neurotoxicology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - September 1991 SP - R705 EP - R711 VL - 261 IS - 3 Pt 2 SN - 0002-9513, 0002-9513 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred Strains -- physiology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Body Temperature KW - Methods KW - Temperature KW - Species Specificity KW - Rats, Inbred F344 -- physiology KW - Body Temperature Regulation KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Rats -- physiology KW - Motor Activity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72080691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+behavioral+thermoregulation+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BLee%2C+K+L%3BChen%2C+T+L%3BKillough%2C+P%3BAli%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=3+Pt+2&rft.spage=R705&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.issn=00029513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1991-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological Regions Versus Hydrologic Units: Frameworks for Managing Water Quality AN - 19124642; 9203223 AB - Water quality assessments need a regional framework that will help to compare regional land and water patterns; to establish reasonable chemical and biological standards; to locate monitoring and special study sites; and to extrapolate site-specific information to larger areas. Although such a framework is useful for many water resource management activities, basin and hydrologic unit frameworks are often used to summarize and illustrate ecological and water quality data. Ecological regions must reflect similarities in the type, quality and quantity of water resources and the factors that have impacts on them. Frameworks may be on national, regional or local scales. Numerous national assessments of water quality use convenient frameworks such as hydrologic units, drainage basins, or political units. National water quality monitoring networks are often ill-suited for several types of needed studies on water quality. Many states use a basin or hydrologic unit framework for reports on water quality, such as the biennial 305(b) reports submitted to Congress under the Clean Water Act. The local level is the scale where watersheds are used most frequently. Watersheds are the most common spatial units for studying impacts of land management activities on water quality and for framing guidelines for controls and remediation. Spatial frameworks can be powerful and influential tools, but they need to be carefully analyzed to determine their utility and shortcomings. The results of several statewide studies indicate the appropriateness of using ecoregions to develop quantitative regional chemical and biological goals and standards. The regional stratification can increase monitoring efficiency, improve data interpretation and trend detection, and provide a more logical framework than hydrologic units or political boundaries for assessing and reporting water quality issues. (Brunone-PTT) JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation JSWCA3, Vol. 46, No. 5, p 334-340, September/October 1991. 5 fig, 36 ref. AU - Omernik, JM AU - Griffith, GE AD - Environmental Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 Southwest 35th Street, Corvallis, Oregon Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - Sep 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Long-term planning KW - *Regional planning KW - *Water pollution control KW - *Water quality control KW - *Water quality monitoring KW - *Water resources management KW - Catchment areas KW - Regional analysis KW - Scale factors KW - Watersheds KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19124642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ecological+Regions+Versus+Hydrologic+Units%3A+Frameworks+for+Managing+Water+Quality&rft.au=Omernik%2C+JM%3BGriffith%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Omernik&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fundamentals of Odor Control AN - 19099118; 9202658 AB - Great strides have been made in the past five years in controlling odors at sludge composting plants. Odorous compound groups identified at sludge composting plants include: Ammonia, inorganic sulfur, organic sulfur, aliphatic (fatty) acids, amines, and aromatic compounds. Aside from the actual chemical quantification of the odor, the odor quantity, intensity, mass, and intensity slope can be used to preliminarily rank all odor sources at a site, giving operators a better sense of priority and methods to employ for odor control. Confusion in odor measurement and modeling may arise from the lack of standardization of techniques. Studies at a Springfield, Massachusetts composting plant indicate that a high odor emission rate on-site is not necessarily an indication of a pervasive off-site odor problem. Odors migrate from both point (scrubber exhaust) or area (stored compost) sources. Area and point sources behave and are transported differently according to the meteorology and topography of the area. In general, point source odors are more concentrated than area source odors. Several process optimization steps that would reduce odor are: limiting the pile height to < 9 ft for an aerated pile composting system; having a well-distributed flow of air for temperature control and moisture removal; and mixing the compost feed materials with a pug mill type mixer, using the right proportion of sludge to bulking agent. Odor control should be geared to what is acceptable to the community and permissible under state and local regulations. The ultimate strictness of the odor standard that is considered acceptable by a community may be impacted by cost. Monitoring procedures should be used that show the effectiveness of each improved composting step and odor treatment/dispersion effort. Community monitoring of odors to track odor incidents both before and after plant improvements is also recommended. (Geiger-PTT) JF - Biocycle BCYCDK, Vol. 32, No. 9, p 50-55, September 1991. 5 fig, 3 tab, 3 ref. AU - Walker, J M AD - Office of Water Enforcement and Compliance, U.S. EPA, Washington D.C Y1 - 1991/09// PY - 1991 DA - Sep 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Composting KW - *Odor control KW - *Sludge disposal KW - *Sludge treatment KW - *Wastewater treatment KW - Aeration KW - Amines KW - Ammonia KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Fatty acids KW - Mixing KW - Monitoring KW - Sulfur KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19099118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fundamentals+of+Odor+Control&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of pesticides. 3. Aliette. AN - 72471086; 1947243 AB - Aliette, a fungicide compound, was evaluated for carcinogenic potential by the Health Effects Division of the Office of Pesticide Programs using a consensus peer review process and EPA's guidelines for risk assessment. Aliette was categorized as a group C (possible human) carcinogen based upon evidence of an increased incidence of combined benign and malignant urinary bladder tumors in a single study involving male Charles River (CR) CD rats. The bladder tumors occurred only at the unusually high top dose level of aliette that was tested (40,000/30,000 ppm). The compound was not carcinogenic in female CR-CD rats in the same study, or in CD-1 mice of either sex in a second study. Monosodium phosphite, the main urinary metabolite of aliette, was also not carcinogenic in male or female CR-CD rats. Aliette was not demonstrated to be genotoxic. No structural analogues of aliette were identified. The mechanism of action for the production of bladder tumors was not identified; however, it did not appear to involve a genotoxic effect, a carcinogenic effect of metabolites, or the formation of renal stones. The data were not found to be sufficient to quantify human cancer risk from aliette. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Quest, J A AU - Hamernik, K L AU - Engler, R AU - Burnam, W L AU - Fenner-Crisp, P A AD - Health Effects Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1991/08// PY - 1991 DA - August 1991 SP - 3 EP - 11 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Mutagens KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - fosetyl-Al KW - 39148-24-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Adrenal Gland Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- toxicity KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72471086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+carcinogenic+potential+of+pesticides.+3.+Aliette.&rft.au=Quest%2C+J+A%3BHamernik%2C+K+L%3BEngler%2C+R%3BBurnam%2C+W+L%3BFenner-Crisp%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Quest&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-11-25 N1 - Date created - 1991-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity of 2-amino-6-N-hydroxyadenine (AHA) to mouse lymphoma and CHO cells. AN - 72031831; 1651446 AB - 2-Amino-6-N-hydroxyadenine (AHA) treated L5178Y/TK (+/-)-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells were evaluated for mutations at the tk, hgprt, and Na+/K+ ATPase loci, as well as for gross chromosome aberrations and induction of micronuclei. In addition, AHA was evaluated for its ability to induce HGPRT mutants in CHO cells. AHA was found to induce mutations at all evaluated loci and in both cell types. The TK mutants were primarily large colonies although a few small colonies were also induced, particularly at the higher concentrations. Preliminary cytogenetic analysis of AHA-treated mouse lymphoma cells indicated that some gross aberrations but not micronuclei were induced. The 20 small-colony TK mutants evaluated by banded karyotype indicate that only a small fraction (2 of 20) showed chromosome 11 abnormalities. From these studies, it appears that AHA may be one of a very few chemicals that is capable of inducing multi-locus point mutations, with only slight clastogenic activity. Particularly at the higher concentrations, some of the mutants may contain multi-locus point mutations that result in slow growth. JF - Mutation research AU - Moore, M M AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Parker, L AU - Doerr, C L AU - Hozier, J C AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NY 27711. Y1 - 1991/08// PY - 1991 DA - August 1991 SP - 63 EP - 71 VL - 253 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - hgprt KW - tk KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Ouabain KW - 5ACL011P69 KW - 2-amino-N(6)-hydroxyadenine KW - 7269-57-0 KW - Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase KW - EC 3.6.3.9 KW - Thioguanine KW - FTK8U1GZNX KW - Adenine KW - JAC85A2161 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Thioguanine -- toxicity KW - Cricetulus KW - Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase -- genetics KW - Chromosome Disorders KW - Drug Resistance KW - Mice KW - Mutagenesis KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Ouabain -- toxicity KW - Cricetinae KW - Adenine -- toxicity KW - Adenine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72031831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+of+2-amino-6-N-hydroxyadenine+%28AHA%29+to+mouse+lymphoma+and+CHO+cells.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BParker%2C+L%3BDoerr%2C+C+L%3BHozier%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-08-01&rft.volume=253&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-09-19 N1 - Date created - 1991-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - hgprt; tk N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Going underground with UST; the goal is to have cleanup under way within 72 hours AN - 50095052; 1995-068701 JF - EPA Journal AU - Taylor, June Y1 - 1991/08// PY - 1991 DA - August 1991 SP - 49 EP - 52 PB - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Public Awareness, Washington, DC VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0145-1189, 0145-1189 KW - United States KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act KW - leaking underground storage tanks KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - underground storage tanks KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - detection KW - hydrocarbons KW - risk assessment KW - policy KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50095052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=Going+underground+with+UST%3B+the+goal+is+to+have+cleanup+under+way+within+72+hours&rft.au=Taylor%2C+June&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=June&rft.date=1991-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=01451189&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; detection; government agencies; ground water; hydrocarbons; leaking underground storage tanks; monitoring; organic compounds; policy; pollutants; pollution; remediation; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; risk assessment; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; underground storage tanks; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons by Aquifer Microorganisms using Oxygen, Nitrate, or Nitrous Oxide as the Terminal Electron Acceptor AN - 19118221; 9202998 AB - Leaking underground storage tanks are a major source of groundwater contamination by gasoline and other fuels containing benzene, toluene and xylenes (collectively known as BTX). A comparison of BTX biodegradation by aquifer microorganisms was made using different electron acceptors. The question of whether any advantages can be expected under a mixed oxygen-nitrogen system was also investigated. Microcosms were prepared from aquifer material, spiked with monoaromatic hydrocarbons, and amended with oxygen, nitrate, and nitrous oxide. Benzene and alkylbenzenes were degraded to concentrations below 5 microgram/L within 7 days under aerobic conditions, whereas only the alkylbenzenes were degraded when either nitrate or nitrous oxide was used. With limited oxygen, monoaromatic hydrocarbons were degraded but removal ceased once oxygen was consumed. However, when nitrate was also present, biodegradation of the alkylbenzenes continued with no apparent lag. Although benzene was still recalcitrant, levels were reduced compared with levels after treatment with nitrate or limited oxygen alone. (Agostine-PTT) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AEMIDF, Vol. 57, No. 8, p 2403-2407, August 1991. 2 fig, 1 tab, 17 ref. U.S. Air Force Grant MIPR N-90-43. AU - Hutchins AD - Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma 74820 Y1 - 1991/08// PY - 1991 DA - Aug 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Biodegradation KW - *Bioremediation KW - *Cleanup KW - *Fate of pollutants KW - *Groundwater pollution KW - *Monoaromatic hydrocarbons KW - *Site remediation KW - *Underground storage tanks KW - *Water pollution control KW - Benzene KW - Nitrates KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Oxygen KW - Petroleum products KW - Toluene KW - Xylenes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19118221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+Monoaromatic+Hydrocarbons+by+Aquifer+Microorganisms+using+Oxygen%2C+Nitrate%2C+or+Nitrous+Oxide+as+the+Terminal+Electron+Acceptor&rft.au=Hutchins&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1991-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of ozone exposure on the dispersion of inhaled aerosol boluses in healthy human subjects. AN - 80657837; 2064132 AB - Acute exposure of humans to low levels of ozone are known to cause decreases in FVC and increases in SRaw. These alterations in lung function do not, however, elucidate the potential for acute small airway responses. In this study we employed a test of aerosol dispersion to examine the potential effects of ozone on small airways in humans. Twenty-two healthy nonsmoking male volunteers were exposed to 0.4 ppm ozone for 1 h while exercising at 20 L/min/m2 body surface area. Before and immediately after exposure, tests of spirometry (FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75) and plethysmography (Raw and SRaw) were performed. Subjects also performed an aerosol dispersion test before and after exposure. Each test involved a subject inhaling five to seven breaths of a 300-ml bolus of a 0.5 micron triphenyl phosphate aerosol injected into a 2-L tidal volume. The bolus was injected into the tidal breath at three different depths: at Depth A the bolus was injected after 1.6 L of clean air were inhaled from FRC, at Depth B after 1.2 L, and at Depth C after 1.2 L but with inhalation beginning from RV. The primary measure of bolus dispersion was the expired half-width (HW). Secondary measures were the ratio (expressed as percent) of peak exhaled aerosol concentration to peak inhaled concentration (PR), shift in the median bolus volume between inspiration and expiration (VS), and percent of total aerosol recovered (RC). Changes in pulmonary function after ozone exposure were consistent with previous findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The American review of respiratory disease AU - Keefe, M J AU - Bennett, W D AU - DeWitt, P AU - Seal, E AU - Strong, A A AU - Gerrity, T R AD - Clinical Research Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/07// PY - 1991 DA - July 1991 SP - 23 EP - 30 VL - 144 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0805, 0003-0805 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Organophosphates KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - triphenyl phosphate KW - YZE19Z66EA KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Airway Resistance -- drug effects KW - Spirometry KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Air KW - Plethysmography KW - Adolescent KW - Vital Capacity -- drug effects KW - Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Forced Expiratory Volume -- drug effects KW - Aerosols -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80657837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+review+of+respiratory+disease&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+ozone+exposure+on+the+dispersion+of+inhaled+aerosol+boluses+in+healthy+human+subjects.&rft.au=Keefe%2C+M+J%3BBennett%2C+W+D%3BDeWitt%2C+P%3BSeal%2C+E%3BStrong%2C+A+A%3BGerrity%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Keefe&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-07-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+review+of+respiratory+disease&rft.issn=00030805&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-08-08 N1 - Date created - 1991-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Integrated Exposure/ Pharmacokinetic Based Approach to the Assessment of Complex Exposures. Lead: a Case Study AN - 760215678; 13641517 AB - A problem in evaluating the hazard represented by an environ mental toxicant is that exposures can occur via multiple media such as water, land, and air. Lead is one of the toxicants of con cern that has been associated with adverse effects on heme me tabolism, serum vitamin D levels, and the mental and physical development of infants and children exposed at very low envi ronmental levels. Effects of lead on development are particularly disturbing in that the consequences of early delays or deficits in physical or mental development may have long-term conse quences over the lifetime of affected individuals. Experimental and epidemiologic studies have indicated that blood lead levels in the range of 10-15 kg/dl, or possibly lower, are likely to produce subclinical toxicity. Since a discernible threshold has not been demonstrated, it is prudent to preclude development of a Reference Dose (RfD) for lead. As an alter nate, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) has developed the uptake/biokinetic lead model that provides a means for evaluating the relative contribution of various media to establishing blood lead levels in children. This approach will allow for the identification of site- and situation-specific abate ment strategies based on projected blood lead levels in vulnera ble human populations exposed to lead in air, diet, water, soil/ dust, and paint; thus making it possible to evaluate regulatory decisions concerning each medium on blood levels and potential health effects. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Derosa, C T AU - Choudhury, H AU - Peirano, W B AD - Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Office of Health and Environmental Assessment U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991/07// PY - 1991 DA - Jul 1991 SP - 231 EP - 248 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Toxicants KW - Heme KW - Dust KW - Lead KW - Models KW - Soil KW - Diets KW - Toxicity KW - Children KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Blood levels KW - EPA KW - Vitamin D KW - human populations KW - Mental development KW - Side effects KW - Paints KW - Infants KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760215678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=An+Integrated+Exposure%2F+Pharmacokinetic+Based+Approach+to+the+Assessment+of+Complex+Exposures.+Lead%3A+a+Case+Study&rft.au=Derosa%2C+C+T%3BChoudhury%2C+H%3BPeirano%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Derosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379100700401 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Heme; Toxicants; Toxicity; Children; Pharmacokinetics; Lead; Dust; Blood levels; Models; Soil; Vitamin D; Side effects; Mental development; Infants; Paints; EPA; human populations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379100700401 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1986 survey of genetic toxicology testing in industry, government contract, and academic laboratories. AN - 72170978; 1933518 AB - Results of the 1986 Genetic Toxicology Association's survey of industrial, government, contract, and academic laboratories on the status of several assays in genetic toxicology are presented below. 1. The most commonly used assay was the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsomal (Ames) assay, which was used by 83% of all respondents. 2. The next five (5) most commonly used assays were in vitro cytogenetics (72%), in vivo cytogenetics (59%), CHO HGPRT gene mutation (55%), the micronucleus assay (53%), and L517BY gene mutation (45%). 3. The assay showing the greatest percentage increase in routine use was the micronucleus assay which went from 14% in 1984 to 34% in 1986, an increase of 20%. 4. Other assays which increased in routine use were CHO HGPRT mutation (+18%); in vitro cytogenetics (+14%); L5178Y gene mutation (+9%), and the Ames assay (+5%). 5. Routine use of in vitro UDS assays declined by 6%; use of in vitro SCE assays declined by 12%. 6. There was no change in the rate of routine use of in vivo cytogenetics or in vivo SCE assays. 7. Assays routinely performed on contract included the Salmonella assay, CHO HGPRT gene mutation, in vitro cytogenetics, in vitro UDS, in vivo cytogenetics, the micronucleus assay, L5178Y gene mutation, and the Drosophila sex-linked recessive lethal assay. 8. Four assays were being developed by five or more laboratories. These included in vitro SCE (8); the micronucleus assay (7); in vivo SCE (6); and DNA adduct formation (5). 9. A total of 17 assays had been abandoned by one or more laboratories. However, since no assay had been given up by more than three laboratories no conclusions can be drawn about the overall robustness of any of the assays on the survey form. JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Auletta, A E AU - Farrow, M G AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1991/07// PY - 1991 DA - July 1991 SP - 281 EP - 306 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Index Medicus KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Government Agencies KW - Academic Medical Centers KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- utilization KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72170978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=1986+survey+of+genetic+toxicology+testing+in+industry%2C+government+contract%2C+and+academic+laboratories.&rft.au=Auletta%2C+A+E%3BFarrow%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Auletta&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1991-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of incidental asbestos exposure at hazardous waste sites. AN - 72167778; 1930954 AB - This paper discusses asbestos regulations that are not part of Superfund and examines how these regulations can help to identify, evaluate and manage the risk associated with Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) at hazardous waste cleanup sites. Unless one knows where to look for ACM at hazardous waste sites, it may go undetected even after all the traditional sampling is done. Although EPA is currently developing a policy for evaluating risk from asbestos exposure at certain Superfund sites, information from existing regulations can be used to manage hazards associated with asbestos exposure at hazardous waste sites. This paper also identifies where to find governmental agency personnel and consultants who may be retained for site-specific help. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Koustas, R N AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Edison, New Jersey. Y1 - 1991/07// PY - 1991 DA - July 1991 SP - 1004 EP - 1009 VL - 41 IS - 7 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Hazardous Waste -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72167778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Control+of+incidental+asbestos+exposure+at+hazardous+waste+sites.&rft.au=Koustas%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Koustas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-07-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1004&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-11-27 N1 - Date created - 1991-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard analysis, engineered controls prevent chemical process accidents. AN - 72091866; 1891164 JF - Occupational health & safety (Waco, Tex.) AU - Beddows, N AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency. Y1 - 1991/07// PY - 1991 DA - July 1991 SP - 43 EP - 6 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0362-4064, 0362-4064 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Safety KW - Chemical Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72091866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+health+%26+safety+%28Waco%2C+Tex.%29&rft.atitle=Hazard+analysis%2C+engineered+controls+prevent+chemical+process+accidents.&rft.au=Beddows%2C+N&rft.aulast=Beddows&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1991-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+health+%26+safety+%28Waco%2C+Tex.%29&rft.issn=03624064&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1991-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative sensitivity of 32P-postlabelling of DNA and the autoradiographic UDS assay in the liver of rats exposed to 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF). AN - 80625413; 2052005 AB - Groups of male Alderley Park rats were dosed concomitantly with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF) by gavage at doses between 0.01 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, and livers sampled 2-72 h later. The liver of one group of animals was perfused to yield hepatocytes which were assayed in vitro for unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) via incorporation of tritiated thymidine and autoradiography. DNA was extracted from the livers of the other group and DNA adduct levels determined using the 32P-postlabelling technique. The major C-8 2-aminofluorene/guanosine adduct and 3 minor adducts were quantitated, enabling the relative sensitivity of the 2 techniques to be compared. A dose- and time-related UDS response was observed, which, at the most sensitive time-point (12 h) enabled DNA repair to be discerned at a dose level of 0.1-1 mg/kg of 2AAF, a response classified as formally positive at 5 mg/kg 2AAF. Only the C-8 adduct, as determined by 32P-postlabelling, was discernible at 0.01 mg/kg of 2AAF, although other adducts were visible on autoradiograms at higher dose levels. It is concluded that as part of a well-defined dose response, UDS can be discerned with confidence for doses of 2AAF between approximately 0.1 and 5 mg/kg, and DNA adducts for doses of 2AAF between approximately 0.01 and 1 mg/kg. Discernible UDS for 2AAF in the rat liver is apparent at approximately 13 DNA (total) adducts/10(8) nucleotides, or approximately 8 DNA (C-8) adducts/10(8) nucleotides. The presumed C-8 2-acetylaminofluorene/guanosine adduct, prepared by reaction of 2-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAAF) with DNA, was a significant but unreliable marker of 2AAF/DNA adducts in the rat liver in vivo. DNA repair did not appear to remove DNA adducts selectively, and adducts remained in DNA when discernible DNA repair had ceased. JF - Mutation research AU - Gallagher, J E AU - Shank, T AU - Lewtas, J AU - Lefevre, P A AU - Ashby, J AD - U.S. EPA, Genetic Toxicology Division, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC. Y1 - 1991/06// PY - 1991 DA - June 1991 SP - 247 EP - 257 VL - 252 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Corn Oil KW - 8001-30-7 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - DNA Repair KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Corn Oil -- toxicity KW - Autoradiography KW - Male KW - Liver -- cytology KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - DNA -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80625413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Relative+sensitivity+of+32P-postlabelling+of+DNA+and+the+autoradiographic+UDS+assay+in+the+liver+of+rats+exposed+to+2-acetylaminofluorene+%282AAF%29.&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+J+E%3BShank%2C+T%3BLewtas%2C+J%3BLefevre%2C+P+A%3BAshby%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-06-01&rft.volume=252&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-19 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compatibility of organic solvents with the Microscreen prophage-induction assay: solvent--mutagen interactions. AN - 80612333; 1828534 AB - The following solvents did not induce prophage lambda in the Escherichia coli WP2s(lambda) Microscreen assay: acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, n-hexane, isopropanol, methanol, toluene, and a mixture of the three isomers of xylene. Dimethyl sulfoxide was genotoxic in the presence and absence of S9, and methylene chloride was weakly genotoxic in the presence of S9. The genotoxic potencies of 2-aminoanthracene and 2-nitrofluorene were reduced when dissolved in DMSO or methanol compared to their potencies when dissolved in acetone. JF - Mutation research AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Lawrence, B K AU - Brooks, H G AU - Houk, V S AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/06// PY - 1991 DA - June 1991 SP - 107 EP - 113 VL - 263 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - Fluorenes KW - Mutagens KW - Solvents KW - 2-nitrofluorene KW - 191LL4U4GZ KW - 2-anthramine KW - 8240818JGU KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide KW - YOW8V9698H KW - Index Medicus KW - Fluorenes -- toxicity KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Viral Plaque Assay KW - DNA Repair KW - DNA Damage KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide -- toxicity KW - Bacteriophage lambda -- drug effects KW - Anthracenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Virus Activation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80612333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Compatibility+of+organic+solvents+with+the+Microscreen+prophage-induction+assay%3A+solvent--mutagen+interactions.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BLawrence%2C+B+K%3BBrooks%2C+H+G%3BHouk%2C+V+S&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-06-01&rft.volume=263&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of neurotoxicity: use of glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker. AN - 72116910; 1910596 AB - Diverse neurotoxic insults result in proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes. The hallmark of this response is enhanced expression of the major intermediate filament protein of astrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These observations suggest that GFAP may be a useful biomarker of neurotoxicity. To investigate this possibility, we administered prototype neurotoxicants to experimental animals and assessed the effects of these agents on the tissue content of GFAP, as determined by radioimmunoassay. A review of the background, design, and results of these experiments are presented in this paper. Our findings indicate that GFAP is a sensitive and specific biomarker of neurotoxicity. JF - Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/06// PY - 1991 DA - June 1991 SP - 197 EP - 206 VL - 4 IS - 1-2 SN - 0895-3988, 0895-3988 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Nervous System -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72116910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+and+environmental+sciences+%3A+BES&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+neurotoxicity%3A+use+of+glial+fibrillary+acidic+protein+as+a+biomarker.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-06-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomedical+and+environmental+sciences+%3A+BES&rft.issn=08953988&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1991-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Piperonyl Butoxide as a Tool in Aquatic Toxicological Research with Organophosphate Insecticides AN - 19137550; 9200667 AB - The application of the cytochrome P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to toxicological research was evaluated in three aquatic species: Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia magna, and D. pulex. Specifically, the efficacy of PBO was evaluated as a tool in toxicity identification evaluations (TIE) for regulatory purposes. Although PBO was found to be promising as a tool for TIE work, particularly with metabolically activated organophosphates (OPs) caution must be taken when interpreting observations that may result when working with the complex mixtures of chemicals commonly found in environmental samples. First, the very nature of PBO action can allow it to interact synergistically with compounds detoxified by cytochrome(s) P450. PBO can alter patterns of metabolites in fish exposed to pesticides. Thus, although a reduction in toxicity of a sample by the addition of PBO would suggest the presence of metabolically activated compounds such as OPs, a lack of reduction in toxicity would not necessarily indicate that metabolically activated OPs were not involved in sample toxicity. In addition to being potentially useful for mechanistic work and as a diagnostic tool for TIE studies, PBO could be used in aquatic studies where there are multiple toxicants, including metabolically activated compounds, to help define interactions among chemicals (e.g., additivity, synergism , and antagonism). (Doria-PTT) JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety EESADV, Vol. 21, No. 3, p 266-274, June 1991. 7 tab, 26 ref. AU - Ankley, G T AU - Dierkes, J R AU - Jensen, DA AU - Peterson, G S AD - Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804 Y1 - 1991/06// PY - 1991 DA - Jun 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Bioindicators KW - *Ecotoxicology KW - *Metabolism KW - *Organophosphorus pesticides KW - *Piperonyl butoxide KW - *Toxicology KW - *Water pollution effects KW - Bioassay KW - Biochemistry KW - Fish KW - Monitoring KW - Pesticide toxicity KW - Synergistic effects KW - Toxicity KW - Waterfleas KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19137550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Piperonyl+Butoxide+as+a+Tool+in+Aquatic+Toxicological+Research+with+Organophosphate+Insecticides&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BDierkes%2C+J+R%3BJensen%2C+DA%3BPeterson%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of divers in waters that are contaminated with chemicals or pathogens. AN - 80689515; 1853475 JF - Undersea biomedical research AU - Amson, J E AD - Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection (WH-556F), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1991/05// PY - 1991 DA - May 1991 SP - 213 EP - 219 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0093-5387, 0093-5387 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - United States KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Equipment Design KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Humans KW - Diving -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- adverse effects KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80689515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Undersea+biomedical+research&rft.atitle=Protection+of+divers+in+waters+that+are+contaminated+with+chemicals+or+pathogens.&rft.au=Amson%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Amson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Undersea+biomedical+research&rft.issn=00935387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-08-20 N1 - Date created - 1991-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consumption of fish: benefits and perceived risk. AN - 80568378; 1903453 AB - Fish, a useful source of protein, may be polluted by microbes, natural toxins, and/or synthetic chemicals. However, based on a review of the U.S. General Accounting Office, "There does not appear to be a compelling case to implement a mandatory comprehensive federal seafood inspection program." Although earlier studies showed higher body burdens of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in populations who consumed a lot of fish from polluted waterways, a recent study refutes these observations. No information is available in the United States on the levels of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in anglers who consume a great deal of fish presumed to be contaminated by these chemicals. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Kimbrough, R D AD - Office of the Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1991/05// PY - 1991 DA - May 1991 SP - 81 EP - 91 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated KW - Dioxins KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Dioxins -- adverse effects KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Body Burden KW - Fisheries KW - Benzofurans -- adverse effects KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects KW - Fishes KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80568378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Consumption+of+fish%3A+benefits+and+perceived+risk.&rft.au=Kimbrough%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Kimbrough&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1991-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Myelin basic protein-mRNA used to monitor trimethyltin neurotoxicity in rats. AN - 80527387; 1708532 AB - Trimethyltin (TMT) is an alkyltin that targets neurons of the limbic system. A gene probe (i.e., mRNA) for myelin basic protein (MBP), a major component of central nervous system myelin, was used to monitor this toxic neuropathy in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of TMT-hydroxide at a neuropathic (8.0 mg/kg/body wt) or nonneuropathic (0.8 mg/kg/body wt) dose and sampled at 1, 3, or 7 days postexposure to correlate the progression of hippocampal neuropathology with probe (i.e., MBP-mRNA) levels. Microscopic examination of the brain showed only moderate but progressive damage over the 7-day postexposure period in animals treated with the neuropathic dose. Neuronal loss was first observed in the dendate gyrus and CA4 at 1 day postexposure, and progressed to the CA3c sector at 3 and 7 days postexposure. Elsewhere in the brain, minimal involvement of the entorhinal cortex neurons occurred 3 days postexposure and intensified by 7 days. No histological damage was seen at the nonneuropathic (0.8 mg/kg) dose. For gene probe analysis, the brain was divided into anterior and posterior halves. In rats treated with the neuropathic dose of TMT, the anterior brain showed progressive depressions of MBP-mRNA levels over the 1-, 3-, and 7-day postexposure period that correlated with increasing hippocampal neuropathology. The posterior brain showed no significant changes in MBP-mRNA levels with respect to that of controls over the same time period. At the nonneuropathic dose (0.8 mg/kg) a significant depression of MBP-mRNA levels occurred in the anterior brain at 7 days postexposure in the absence of overt histological damage. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Veronesi, B AU - Pringle, J AU - Mezei, C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/05// PY - 1991 DA - May 1991 SP - 428 EP - 435 VL - 108 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - DNA Probes KW - 0 KW - Myelin Basic Protein KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - trimethyltin KW - 1631-73-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Male KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80527387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Myelin+basic+protein-mRNA+used+to+monitor+trimethyltin+neurotoxicity+in+rats.&rft.au=Veronesi%2C+B%3BPringle%2C+J%3BMezei%2C+C&rft.aulast=Veronesi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1991-05-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=428&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-05-30 N1 - Date created - 1991-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of toxicity/carcinogenicity and Superfund decisions. AN - 72445405; 1935841 AB - Heavy metals that contaminate soils and water usually exist in various oxidation states and form a number of compounds with different physical and chemical characteristics. These differences are often reflected in dramatic variation in toxicokinetic and biologic properties. Such variation in properties, critical in determining intrinsic toxicity, often causes a great deal of uncertainty in analyses of public health risks at sites where metal exposure is evaluated. In the Superfund program, such uncertainties may substantially undermine attempts to characterize potential impacts to populations exposed to metals from improperly disposed waste. In the case of chromium, risk assessment uncertainties can be considerable and fall generally into two categories. First, there is almost no information on potential health effects due to chronic oral exposure to chromium-containing compounds, and a nonquantifiable and probably large uncertainty exists in establishing no-effect levels. In fact, reference doses (RfDs) for CrIII and CrVI are based on chronic studies in which no adverse effects were seen even at the highest dose. Considerations of bioavailability, deduced from site characterization data, and acute toxicity indicate that general application of these RfDs may lead to highly inaccurate estimations of risk. Second, because of the ready reduction of CrVI in biological systems, it has not been possible to separate effects of CrVI from those of CrIII. Thus, data on the relative toxicity and carcinogenicity of these two species is sparse and difficult to interpret. Moreover, kinetic considerations make it difficult to determine the site and rates of reduction of CrVI. This makes prediction of target site concentrations of the two species difficult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - LaVelle, J M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO 80202. Y1 - 1991/05// PY - 1991 DA - May 1991 SP - 127 EP - 130 VL - 92 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Solubility KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Chromium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Hazardous Waste -- economics KW - Chromium -- adverse effects KW - Chromium -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72445405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+toxicity%2Fcarcinogenicity+and+Superfund+decisions.&rft.au=LaVelle%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=LaVelle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1991-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: AMA Arch Ind Health. 1958 Sep;18(3):232-4 [13570713] Food Cosmet Toxicol. 1975 Jun;13(3):347-51 [1158322] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of glial fibrillary acidic protein: comparison of slot-immunobinding assays with a novel sandwich ELISA. AN - 72080153; 1886537 AB - Detailed protocols are presented for assaying glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte localized protein which serves as a quantitative marker of toxicant-induced injury to the central nervous system. Two different solid-phase assay procedures are described: 1) a nitrocellulose based slot-immunobinding assay and 2) a novel microtiter plate based sandwich ELISA. The performance of both assays was assessed by measuring the content of GFAP in homogenates of specific regions of the rat brain and in homogenates of brain regions damaged by the prototype neurotoxicants, trimethyltin (TMT) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Both procedures gave similar results that were consistent with previously published observations. By comparing the simplicity, cost effectiveness, safety and speed of the two methods, it appears likely that the sandwich ELISA has several advantages over slot-immunobinding assays. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - Neurotoxicology Division (MD-74B), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1991 SP - 275 EP - 281 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - Biomarkers KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Pyramidal Tracts -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Immunoblotting -- methods KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Spinal Cord -- chemistry KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Female KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - MPTP Poisoning KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- analysis KW - Neurons -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72080153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+glial+fibrillary+acidic+protein%3A+comparison+of+slot-immunobinding+assays+with+a+novel+sandwich+ELISA.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-10-08 N1 - Date created - 1991-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of lead smelting in soils AN - 50320355; 1993-031585 JF - Trace Substances in Environmental Health AU - Bornstein, Robert E AU - Bolter, Ernst A2 - Beck, Barbara D. Y1 - 1991/05// PY - 1991 DA - May 1991 SP - 71 EP - 83 PB - University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO VL - 25 SN - 0361-5162, 0361-5162 KW - United States KW - soils KW - processes KW - lead ores KW - beneficiation KW - southeastern Missouri KW - Missouri KW - metal ores KW - pollution KW - effects KW - heavy metals KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50320355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trace+Substances+in+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+lead+smelting+in+soils&rft.au=Bornstein%2C+Robert+E%3BBolter%2C+Ernst&rft.aulast=Bornstein&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1991-05-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=0905927737&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trace+Substances+in+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=03615162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Trace substances in environmental health; XXV N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - MO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beneficiation; effects; heavy metals; lead ores; metal ores; Missouri; pollution; processes; soils; southeastern Missouri; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ninety-day toxicity study of sodium monochloroacetate in Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 80562948; 2031251 AB - Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered the sodium salt of monochloroacetic acid (SMCA) by oral gavage for a period of 90 consecutive days. Dosage levels of 15, 30, 60 or 120 mg/kg per day were employed. SMCA clearly induced toxicity in both females and males, with the greatest severity in the male animals. Both the liver and kidneys were identified as target organs. At 120 mg/kg per day, 30% of females and 80% of the males died, most within the first 2 days of treatment. Hemorrhagic and congested lungs (possibly a postmortem change) were seen in the early deaths (1-3 days) whereas liver lesions were observed in later deaths. In addition, there was nephrotoxicity as evidenced by elevated creatinine, blood calcium (BCAL), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Hepatotoxicity was indicated by increases in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Both organs showed increased organ-to-body weight ratios. Microscopic examination revealed a significant (P less than or equal to 0.001) increase in chronic renal nephropathy and increased splenic pigmentation at 60 mg/kg per day in the males. Based on the observation of toxicity at all treatment levels in males, a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 15 mg/kg per day is proposed for a 90-day exposure to SMCA by oral gavage to the Sprague--Dawley rat. JF - Toxicology AU - Daniel, F B AU - Robinson, M AU - Stober, J A AU - Page, N P AU - Olson, G R AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1991/04/08/ PY - 1991 DA - 1991 Apr 08 SP - 171 EP - 185 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - chloroacetic acid KW - 5GD84Y125G KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Creatinine -- blood KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Acetates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80562948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Ninety-day+toxicity+study+of+sodium+monochloroacetate+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BStober%2C+J+A%3BPage%2C+N+P%3BOlson%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1991-04-08&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-06-14 N1 - Date created - 1991-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of cadmium and other metal cations on in vitro Leydig cell testosterone production. AN - 80521491; 1850171 AB - In vivo assessment of toxicant action on Leydig cell function is subject to homeostatic mechanisms which make it difficult to determine whether any changes seen in serum testosterone (T) concentration are due to extragonadal endocrine alterations or to a direct effect on the Leydig cell. For example, metal cations administered in vivo have been shown to depress serum T concentration and alter serum concentrations of pituitary hormones in laboratory animals. The studies reported here use a testicular cell culture technique to evaluate Leydig cell testosterone biosynthesis in the presence of several metal cations. To determine the site of toxic action, the Leydig cells were stimulated to produce testosterone by using human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), dibutyl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP), or several substrates required for the biosynthesis of testosterone. hCG was chosen because resultant T production requires an intact membrane receptor and db-cAMP was used to test for post LH receptor defects caused by the metals. The other substrates were chosen to isolate the effect of metals on enzymatic pathways. Collagenase dispersed testicular cells (15% Leydig cells) were incubated with metal cations (1 to 5000 microM) for 3 hr in the absence and presence of maximally stimulating concentrations of hCG, db-cAMP, 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol (HCHOL), or pregnenolone (PREG), and T concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. In one separate experiment we also tested the effect of the substrates progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone, and androstenedione on Cd2(+)-treated Leydig cells. The results show no change in Leydig cell viability with any metal cation treatment during the 3-hr incubation. Ca2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Na+, or Pb2+ had no effect on stimulated testosterone. Dose-response depression in both hCG- and db-cAMP-stimulated T production were seen with Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ treatment. Surprisingly, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+, which caused a depression in hCG- and db-cAMP-stimulated T production, caused significant increases in HCHOL- and PREG-stimulated T production over untreated and similarly stimulated cultures. This indicates that these cations may act at multiple sites within the Leydig cell. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Laskey, J W AU - Phelps, P V AD - Developmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/04// PY - 1991 DA - April 1991 SP - 296 EP - 306 VL - 108 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Cations KW - 0 KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin KW - Hydroxycholesterols KW - Hydroxyprogesterones KW - Metals KW - Receptors, LH KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Androstenedione KW - 409J2J96VR KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - 20-hydroxycholesterol KW - 516-72-3 KW - Bucladesine KW - 63X7MBT2LQ KW - 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone KW - 68-96-2 KW - Pregnenolone KW - 73R90F7MQ8 KW - 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases KW - EC 1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cations -- toxicity KW - 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases -- metabolism KW - Hydroxycholesterols -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hydroxyprogesterones -- metabolism KW - Receptors, LH -- metabolism KW - Bucladesine -- pharmacology KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Pregnenolone -- metabolism KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- pharmacology KW - Progesterone -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Androstenedione -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Receptors, LH -- pharmacology KW - Leydig Cells -- metabolism KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Testosterone -- biosynthesis KW - Leydig Cells -- drug effects KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80521491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+cadmium+and+other+metal+cations+on+in+vitro+Leydig+cell+testosterone+production.&rft.au=Laskey%2C+J+W%3BPhelps%2C+P+V&rft.aulast=Laskey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-04-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-05-17 N1 - Date created - 1991-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nuclear and axonal localization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type Gr in rat cerebellar cortex. AN - 80498104; 2011593 AB - The granule cell-enriched Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase-Gr) is a recently discovered neuron-specific enzyme. The kinase avidly phosphorylates synapsin I and contains a polyglutamate sequence, which suggests an association with chromatin as well. A possible role in synapsin I phosphorylation and in nuclear Ca2+ signaling was supported by immunochemical and ultrastructural examination of CaM kinase-Gr distribution. CaM kinase-Gr immunoreactivity was present in the molecular and granule cell layers of the rat cerebellum. This pattern corresponded to the occurrence of the enzyme in the granule cell axons and nuclei, respectively. Immunoblots confirmed these findings. Thus, CaM kinase-Gr may mediate and coordinate Ca2(+)-signaling within different subcellular compartments. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Jensen, K F AU - Ohmstede, C A AU - Fisher, R S AU - Sahyoun, N AD - Neurotoxicology Division, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/04/01/ PY - 1991 DA - 1991 Apr 01 SP - 2850 EP - 2853 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.- KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4 KW - EC 2.7.11.17 KW - Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - Camk4 protein, rat KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Myelin Sheath -- ultrastructure KW - Immunoblotting KW - Animals KW - Microscopy, Immunoelectron -- methods KW - Myelin Sheath -- enzymology KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Cerebellar Cortex -- enzymology KW - Axons -- enzymology KW - Cerebellar Cortex -- ultrastructure KW - Cell Nucleus -- enzymology KW - Cerebellar Cortex -- cytology KW - Protein Kinases -- analysis KW - Cell Nucleus -- ultrastructure KW - Axons -- ultrastructure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80498104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Nuclear+and+axonal+localization+of+Ca2%2B%2Fcalmodulin-dependent+protein+kinase+type+Gr+in+rat+cerebellar+cortex.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+K+F%3BOhmstede%2C+C+A%3BFisher%2C+R+S%3BSahyoun%2C+N&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-04-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2850&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-05-06 N1 - Date created - 1991-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Biol Chem. 1985 Feb 10;260(3):1696-704 [3968085] Biochem Pharmacol. 1986 Dec 15;35(24):4349-57 [2878666] J Neurochem. 1985 Jul;45(1):11-23 [2582086] J Biol Chem. 1985 Jul 25;260(15):9039-46 [4019461] Neuroscience. 1986 Dec;19(4):1319-33 [3102997] Brain Res. 1987 Jun;430(2):215-34 [3300860] J Cell Biol. 1987 Oct;105(4):1479-82 [3312230] J Cell Biol. 1988 Jan;106(1):195-203 [2828378] J Biol Chem. 1988 Feb 25;263(6):3005-11 [2893795] J Neurochem. 1988 Oct;51(4):1070-8 [3047316] Genomics. 1989 Jan;4(1):21-7 [2536634] Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 1988;22:39-112 [2852025] J Biol Chem. 1989 Apr 5;264(10):5866-75 [2538431] Biochem J. 1989 Mar 1;258(2):313-25 [2539803] Nature. 1990 Feb 15;343(6259):647-51 [2154695] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4350-4 [388439] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Nov;76(11):5982-6 [392512] J Cell Biol. 1983 May;96(5):1337-54 [6404910] Nature. 1983 Oct 13-19;305(5935):583-8 [6312325] J Biol Chem. 1984 Aug 10;259(15):9341-4 [6235227] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4311-5 [6589595] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Sep;81(17):5604-8 [6591208] Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:931-76 [2411213] Nature. 1986 Aug 7-13;322(6079):552-5 [2426600] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(9):3035-9 [2859595] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A performance evaluation study of three types of alpha-track detector radon monitors. AN - 80466204; 2001946 AB - Three models of alpha-track detector (ATD) Rn monitors were exposed in Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Rn chambers to obtain estimates of precision and bias for the National Residential Radon Survey (NRRS). Exposures in this study ranged from 37 to 740 Bq y m-3 (1 to 20 pCi y L-1), plus blanks. These exposures correspond to the range expected in most U.S. residences. All detectors were purchased through a Rn mitigation firm to assure that the vendors did not give special attention to the ATDs used in this study. Ten ATDs of each model were studied at 12 exposures. The mean and standard deviation of the reported values for each model were calculated and compared with the continuously monitored chamber concentrations to determine the bias and precision at each exposure. Results of this analysis were discussed with the vendors, who took corrective actions. Changes in track counting procedures and calibrations improved detector performance. Readings of one detector were adjusted based on a regression of the monitored values on the reported values. JF - Health physics AU - Yeager, W M AU - Lucas, R M AU - Daum, K A AU - Sensintaffar, E AU - Poppell, S AU - Feldt, L AU - Clarkin, M AD - National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Montgomery, AL 36109. Y1 - 1991/04// PY - 1991 DA - April 1991 SP - 507 EP - 515 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Alpha Particles KW - Radon -- analysis KW - Radiation Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80466204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=A+performance+evaluation+study+of+three+types+of+alpha-track+detector+radon+monitors.&rft.au=Yeager%2C+W+M%3BLucas%2C+R+M%3BDaum%2C+K+A%3BSensintaffar%2C+E%3BPoppell%2C+S%3BFeldt%2C+L%3BClarkin%2C+M&rft.aulast=Yeager&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-04-18 N1 - Date created - 1991-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organizational components and structural features of EPA's new Human Exposure Research Program. AN - 72755288; 1824314 AB - Modern technology has brought about a dramatic increase in the production and consumption of man-made chemicals and in their resulting emissions. It is clear that these emissions and their by-products will likely affect our environment and have a health impact on the population exposed to them. Knowledge of exposure is required to document the impact of these emissions on human health. However, measuring, interpreting, and characterizing human exposures are extraordinarily complex processes because exposures may occur by multiple routes, multiple sources, and they are subject to a wide range of temporal, spatial, and source variations often from both anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic sources. The Environmental Protection Agency's approach to exposure research has often been insufficient to understand and mitigate these complex real-word exposures. For example, we do not know the population exposure distributions of most pollutants and the relative contributions of sources to these distributions. Without this knowledge as input into EPA's risk management process, EPA's may not be making the most effective environmental management decisions for reducing human health risks. The Human Exposure Research Program is a direct response to this need to understand how and to what extent humans are exposed to environmental pollutants. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Akland, G G AD - Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems, and Quality Assurance, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/04// PY - 1991 DA - April 1991 SP - 129 EP - 141 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Research KW - Research Design KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency -- organization & administration KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72755288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Organizational+components+and+structural+features+of+EPA%27s+new+Human+Exposure+Research+Program.&rft.au=Akland%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Akland&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-04-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Los Angeles TEAM Study: personal exposures, indoor-outdoor air concentrations, and breath concentrations of 25 volatile organic compounds. AN - 72745721; 1824315 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board studied the exposures of 51 residents of Los Angeles, California, to 25 volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in air and drinking water in 1987. A major goal of the study was to measure personal, indoor, and outdoor air concentrations, and breath concentrations of VOCs in persons living in households that had previously been measured in 1984. Other goals were to confirm the marked day-night and seasonal differences observed in 1984; to determine room-to-room variability within homes; to determine source emission rates by measuring air exchange rates in each home; and to extend the coverage of chemicals by employing additional sampling and analysis methods. A total of 51 homes were visited in February of 1987, and 43 of these were revisited in July of 1987. The results confirmed previous TEAM Study findings of higher personal and indoor air concentrations than outdoor concentrations of all prevalent chemicals (except carbon tetrachloride); higher personal, indoor, and outdoor air concentrations in winter than in summer; and (in winter only) higher outdoor concentrations at night than in the daytime. New findings included the following: (1) room-to-room variability of 12-hour average concentrations was very small, indicating that a single monitor may be adequate for estimating indoor concentrations over this time span; (2) "whole-house" source emission rates were relatively constant during both seasons, with higher rates for odorous chemicals such as p-dichlorobenzene and limonene (often used in room air fresheners) than for other classes of chemicals; (3) breath concentrations measured during morning and evening were similar for most participants, suggesting the suitability of breath measurements for estimating exposure in the home; (4) limited data obtained on two additional chemicals-toluene and methylene chloride-indicated that both were prevalent at fairly high concentrations and that indoor air concentrations exceeded outdoor concentrations by a factor of about three. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Wallace, L AU - Nelson, W AU - Ziegenfus, R AU - Pellizzari, E AU - Michael, L AU - Whitmore, R AU - Zelon, H AU - Hartwell, T AU - Perritt, R AU - Westerdahl, D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1991/04// PY - 1991 DA - April 1991 SP - 157 EP - 192 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Los Angeles KW - Male KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Breath Tests -- methods KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72745721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=The+Los+Angeles+TEAM+Study%3A+personal+exposures%2C+indoor-outdoor+air+concentrations%2C+and+breath+concentrations+of+25+volatile+organic+compounds.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+L%3BNelson%2C+W%3BZiegenfus%2C+R%3BPellizzari%2C+E%3BMichael%2C+L%3BWhitmore%2C+R%3BZelon%2C+H%3BHartwell%2C+T%3BPerritt%2C+R%3BWesterdahl%2C+D&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-04-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-specific modulation of carcinogen-induced gastrointestinal tract nuclear anomalies in B6C3F1 mice by chloroform. AN - 80657230; 2064320 AB - Chloroform (CHCl3) is an established rodent carcinogen and a prevalent contaminant of chlorine-disinfected drinking water. Thus in the United States CHCl3, along with other trihalomethanes, is regulated not to exceed 100 ppb in potable water. Recently, several studies have shown that CHCl3 also has anti-cancer properties as it inhibits tumor growth in mouse liver and in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. In this paper we show that CHCl3 also inhibits the propensity for three gastrointestinal tract carcinogens, benzo(a)pyrene (BAP), 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and methylnitrosourea (MNU), to induce nuclear anomalies in the proximal colon of the B6C3F1 mouse. For example, in mice pre-adapted to 1800 ppm CHCl3 for 30 days prior to the carcinogen administration the level of nuclear anomalies induced in the proximal colon by BAP was reduced by four-fold (0.9 +/- 0.7 v. 3.6 +/- 1.0 anomalies/10 crypts; p less than 0.001) and two-fold for MNU (2.4 +/- 1.0 v. 4.6 +/- 1.6; p less than 0.001) and DMH (0.9 +/- 0.9 v. 1.7 +/- 0.8; p = 0.03). In the duodenum CHCl3 was effective at inhibiting unclear anomalies only for MNU (45.3 +/- 4.6 v. 30.4 +/- 3.5; p = 0.02). The inhibitory effect of CHCl3 does not extend to nuclear anomalies of the forestomach. The anti-cancer properties of CHCl3 are discussed in light of its cancer causing potential and possible application to human risk assessment. JF - Anticancer research AU - Daniel, F B AU - Reddy, T V AU - Stober, J A AU - Olson, G R AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. PY - 1991 SP - 665 EP - 670 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0250-7005, 0250-7005 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Dimethylhydrazines KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine KW - IX068S9745 KW - Index Medicus KW - Muscle, Smooth -- pathology KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Dimethylhydrazines -- therapeutic use KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Methylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Muscle, Smooth -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Stomach -- pathology KW - Colon -- pathology KW - Cell Nucleus -- ultrastructure KW - Chloroform -- therapeutic use KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Intestine, Small -- drug effects KW - Cell Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Intestine, Small -- pathology KW - Stomach -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80657230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anticancer+research&rft.atitle=Site-specific+modulation+of+carcinogen-induced+gastrointestinal+tract+nuclear+anomalies+in+B6C3F1+mice+by+chloroform.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BReddy%2C+T+V%3BStober%2C+J+A%3BOlson%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1991-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anticancer+research&rft.issn=02507005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-08-06 N1 - Date created - 1991-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytogenetic studies of ethyl acrylate using C57BL/6 mice. AN - 80635797; 2056915 AB - The clastogenicity of ethyl acrylate (EA) was examined in vivo by injecting i.p. five male C57BL/6 mice per dose group with either 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg EA dissolved in saline. Controls received solvent only. Acrylamide (100 mg/kg), because of its similarity in structure and mode of action to EA, was used as a positive control. Twenty-four hours after injection, the animals were anesthetized and the spleens aseptically removed. Splenocytes were isolated on density gradients and cultured with concanavalin A to stimulate cell division. In half the cultures bromodeoxyuridine was added at 21 h for analysis of chromosome aberrations (CAs) in first division cells and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in second division cells. In the remaining cultures cytochalasin B was added to produce binucleated cells for scoring of micronuclei (MN). There was no significant increase in SCE or CAs at any of the doses of EA examined. At the highest dose examined (1000 mg/kg), EA did cause a small but significant increase in binucleated cell MN. Acrylamide caused an increase in MN and SCEs in splenocytes. Because others have found EA to be clastogenic in vitro, isolated splenocytes were exposed to a wide range of concentrations of EA during the G0 stage of the cell cycle or 23 h after mitogen stimulation during the late G1 or early S phase of the cell cycle. Although EA was toxic for both exposure regimens, significant increases in chromatid-type aberrations were found only when the target cells were treated 23 h after mitogenic stimulation. No statistically significant increase in SCE frequency was found after either treatment regimen. These data suggest that EA is only clastogenic at near toxic concentrations during a specific stage of the cell cycle. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Kligerman, A D AU - Atwater, A L AU - Bryant, M F AU - Erexson, G L AU - Kwanyuen, P AU - Dearfield, K L AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/03// PY - 1991 DA - March 1991 SP - 137 EP - 141 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Acrylamides KW - 0 KW - Acrylates KW - Acrylamide KW - 20R035KLCI KW - ethyl acrylate KW - 71E6178C9T KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Acrylamides -- toxicity KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange -- drug effects KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Acrylates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80635797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Cytogenetic+studies+of+ethyl+acrylate+using+C57BL%2F6+mice.&rft.au=Kligerman%2C+A+D%3BAtwater%2C+A+L%3BBryant%2C+M+F%3BErexson%2C+G+L%3BKwanyuen%2C+P%3BDearfield%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Kligerman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-03-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-08-01 N1 - Date created - 1991-08-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the hepatotoxicity of acute and short-term exposure to inhaled p-xylene in F-344 rats. AN - 80468468; 2002513 AB - Due to the ubiquitous presence of p-xylene in air and the existing uncertainty regarding its hepatotoxic potential, we examined the effect of acute and short-term exposure to inhaled p-xylene on the liver. Male F-344 rats were exposed to 0 or to 1600 ppm p-xylene, 6 h/d, for 1 or 3 d. Exposure to inhaled p-xylene caused no histopathological evidence of hepatic damage and had little or no effect on the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. Exposure to p-xylene for 1 or 3 d resulted in an increase in relative liver weight on d 1 post-exposure. The concentration of hepatic cytochrome P-450 was increased by both p-xylene exposure regimens on d 1 postexposure and had returned to control levels by d 3 following the single p-xylene exposure and by d 2 following the 3-d exposure. These observations provide consistent evidence that acute and short-term exposure to 1600 ppm p-xylene by inhalation did not produce overt hepatotoxicity but resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of hepatic cytochrome P-450, the principal enzyme system involved in the metabolic biotransformation of xenobiotics. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Simmons, J E AU - Allis, J W AU - Grose, E C AU - Seely, J C AU - Robinson, B L AU - Berman, E AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/03// PY - 1991 DA - March 1991 SP - 295 EP - 306 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Xylenes KW - 0 KW - 4-xylene KW - 6WAC1O477V KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Rats KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Atmosphere Exposure Chambers KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Xylenes -- toxicity KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Xylenes -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80468468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+hepatotoxicity+of+acute+and+short-term+exposure+to+inhaled+p-xylene+in+F-344+rats.&rft.au=Simmons%2C+J+E%3BAllis%2C+J+W%3BGrose%2C+E+C%3BSeely%2C+J+C%3BRobinson%2C+B+L%3BBerman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-04-17 N1 - Date created - 1991-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-activity study of paracetamol analogues: inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis in V79 Chinese hamster cells. AN - 72632380; 1782344 AB - Experimental and theoretical evidence pertaining to cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of paracetamol in biological systems was used to formulate a simple mechanistic hypothesis to explain the relative inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis by a series of 19 structurally similar paracetamol analogues, 5 of which were specifically analyzed for the current study. It was hypothesized that the observed activity variation of the paracetamol analogues was based on the relative abilities of these compounds to undergo H atom loss at the phenolic oxygen, and on the relative stabilities of the resulting free-radical species. Three calculated parameters were found to be relevant--the partial atomic charge on the ring carbon attached to the phenolic oxygen, the partial charge on the phenoxy radical oxygen, and the energy difference between the parent phenolic paracetamol analogue and the corresponding radical dissociation products. The variation in parameter values was significantly correlated with the relative inhibition of DNA synthesis and was easily rationalized in terms of the mechanistic hypothesis proposed. More specifically, competitive reaction with a tyrosyl radical species involving the transfer of a hydrogen atom at the active site of ribonucleotide reductase was suggested as the underlying mechanistic basis for the observed activity variation of the paracetamol analogues. Comparison of calculated parameters for a model tyrosyl species and the paracetamol analogues was entirely consistent with this view. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Richard, A M AU - Hongslo, J K AU - Boone, P F AU - Holme, J A AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. PY - 1991 SP - 151 EP - 156 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cricetulus KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Cricetinae KW - Acetaminophen -- analogs & derivatives KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - DNA Replication -- drug effects KW - Acetaminophen -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72632380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Structure-activity+study+of+paracetamol+analogues%3A+inhibition+of+replicative+DNA+synthesis+in+V79+Chinese+hamster+cells.&rft.au=Richard%2C+A+M%3BHongslo%2C+J+K%3BBoone%2C+P+F%3BHolme%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-03-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-13 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional Characteristics of Land Use in Northeast and Southern Blue Ridge Province: Associations with Acid Rain Effects on Surface-Water Chemistry AN - 19131884; 9112120 AB - The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) is one of several studies being conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency to assess risk to surface waters from acidic deposition in the eastern United States. In one phase of DDRP, land use, wetland, and forest cover data were collected for statistical samples of 145 Northeast lake and 35 Southern Blue Ridge Province stream watersheds in the United States. Land use and other data were extrapolated from individual to target watershed populations. Project statistical design allows summarization of results for various subsets of the target population. Forest cover was the primary land use in both the Northeast lake and Southern Blue Ridge Province stream regions. In the Northeast, developed (agriculture and urban) land was positively associated with surface-water chemistry values for acid neutralizing capacity, Ca plus Mg, pH, and sulfate in the Pocono/Catskill subregion. Extensive wetlands and beaver activity occur in parts of the Northeast region, whereas topography limits wetland and riparian development in the Southern Blue Ridge Province. Northeast soils have low sulfate adsorption capacity, most watersheds are near sulfur steady state, and lake sulfate concentrations are controlled principally by levels of sulfur deposition. Net annual sulfur retention in Northeast watersheds is positively correlated with the occurrence of wetlands and beaver impoundments. In contrast , most Southern Blue Ridge Province soils have high sulfate adsorption capacities, resulting in high net watershed sulfur retention. At the present time, stream sulfate concentrations and percent sulfur retention are controlled principally by soil chemical properties related to adsorption rather than atmospheric deposition and land use. (Author's abstract) JF - Environmental Management EMNGDC, Vol. 15, No. 2, p 269-279, March/April 1991. 1 fig, 9 tab, 43 ref. AU - Liegel, L AU - Cassell, D AU - Stevens, D AU - Shaffer, P AU - Church, R AD - USDA Forest Service, US EPA Environmental Research Laboratory, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333 Y1 - 1991/03// PY - 1991 DA - Mar 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Acid rain KW - *Acid rain effects KW - *Environmental chemistry KW - *Land use KW - *Path of pollutants KW - *Regional analysis KW - Acid lakes KW - Acid neutralizing capacity KW - Acid streams KW - Calcium KW - Lake acidification KW - Magnesium KW - Soil chemistry KW - Sulfates KW - Sulfur KW - Vegetation effects KW - Wetlands KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19131884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regional+Characteristics+of+Land+Use+in+Northeast+and+Southern+Blue+Ridge+Province%3A+Associations+with+Acid+Rain+Effects+on+Surface-Water+Chemistry&rft.au=Liegel%2C+L%3BCassell%2C+D%3BStevens%2C+D%3BShaffer%2C+P%3BChurch%2C+R&rft.aulast=Liegel&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation of sites contaminated with TCE AN - 1729844687; 2015-100901 AB - Widespread use of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the U.S. has resulted in its frequent detection in soil and groundwater. TCE can become a health hazard after being processed in the human liver; or reductive dehalogenation in the environment may result in production of vinyl chloride, a known carcinogen. This has generated a high degree of interest in efficient and cost-effective technologies that can be used to remediate soil and ground-water contaminated with TCE. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss relevant physicochemical properties and reactive mechanisms of TCE, and to delineate and discuss promising remediation methodologies that have been proposed and/or demonstrated for restoring contaminated subsurface environments. The information in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. EPA under contract No. 68-C8-0058 to Dynamac Corporation; it has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review process and approved for publication. Abstract Copyright (1991), Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company. JF - Remediation (New York, NY) AU - Russell, Hugh H AU - Matthews, John E AU - Sewell, Guy W Y1 - 1991/03// PY - 1991 DA - March 1991 SP - 167 EP - 183 PB - John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1051-5658, 1051-5658 KW - vinyl chloride KW - United States KW - soils KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - toxic materials KW - technology KW - government agencies KW - dehalogenation KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - optimization KW - cost KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - bioaccumulation KW - carcinogens KW - organic compounds KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - trichloroethylene KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1729844687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remediation+%28New+York%2C+NY%29&rft.atitle=Remediation+of+sites+contaminated+with+TCE&rft.au=Russell%2C+Hugh+H%3BMatthews%2C+John+E%3BSewell%2C+Guy+W&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft.date=1991-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remediation+%28New+York%2C+NY%29&rft.issn=10515658&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Frem.3440010206 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291520-6831 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioaccumulation; carcinogens; chlorinated hydrocarbons; cost; dehalogenation; government agencies; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; optimization; organic compounds; pollution; public health; remediation; soils; technology; toxic materials; trichloroethylene; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; vinyl chloride DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.3440010206 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incineration treatment of arsenic-contaminated soil AN - 1729844338; 2015-100903 AB - An incineration test program was conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Incineration Research Facility to evaluate the potential of incineration as a treatment option for contaminated soils at the Baird and McGuire Superfund site in Holbrook, Massachusetts. The purpose of these tests was to evaluate the incinerability of these soils in terms of the fate of arsenic and lead and the destruction of organic contaminants during the incineration process. The test program consisted of a series of bench-scale experiments with a muffle furnace and a series of incineration tests in a pilot-scale rotary kiln incinerator system. The study reported in this paper was funded by the Environmental Protection Agency under Contract 68-C9-0038 to Acurex Corporation. It has been subjected to the Agency's review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Abstract Copyright (1991), Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company. JF - Remediation (New York, NY) AU - Waterland, Larry R AU - King, Charly AU - Richards, Marta K AU - Thurnau, Robert C Y1 - 1991/03// PY - 1991 DA - March 1991 SP - 227 EP - 237 PB - John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1051-5658, 1051-5658 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Norfolk County Massachusetts KW - toxic materials KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - arsenic KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - Holbrook Massachusetts KW - McGuire Site KW - Massachusetts KW - soil pollution KW - metals KW - incineration KW - Baird Site KW - Superfund sites KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1729844338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remediation+%28New+York%2C+NY%29&rft.atitle=Incineration+treatment+of+arsenic-contaminated+soil&rft.au=Waterland%2C+Larry+R%3BKing%2C+Charly%3BRichards%2C+Marta+K%3BThurnau%2C+Robert+C&rft.aulast=Waterland&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=1991-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remediation+%28New+York%2C+NY%29&rft.issn=10515658&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Frem.3440010210 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291520-6831 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; Baird Site; degradation; Holbrook Massachusetts; incineration; Massachusetts; McGuire Site; metals; Norfolk County Massachusetts; pollutants; pollution; soil pollution; soil treatment; soils; Superfund sites; toxic materials; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.3440010210 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International solutions to the ozone and climate change problems. AN - 16125140; 2676130 AB - This paper discusses the complicated and lengthy process of solving the international problems of ozone and climate change. The ozone depletion issue has been supported by scientific evidence that CFCs could destroy the ozone layer. There was general consensus that the potential effects of ozone depletion were detrimental. In contrast, scientific evidence for climate change is more probabilistic, the environmental impacts are less understood, and the policy options are more diverse and economically far reaching. Yet there is an emerging international consensus that the prospect of climate change has sufficient general risks that international agreement on a framework convention is likely by 1992. JF - Marine Technology Society Journal AU - Hecht, AD AD - Off. Int. Act., EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1991/03// PY - 1991 DA - Mar 1991 SP - 42 EP - 47 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0025-3324, 0025-3324 KW - climatic changes KW - international policy KW - man-induced effects KW - world KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - ozone KW - international cooperation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - Q2 09123:Conservation KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16125140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Technology+Society+Journal&rft.atitle=International+solutions+to+the+ozone+and+climate+change+problems.&rft.au=Hecht%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Hecht&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1991-03-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Technology+Society+Journal&rft.issn=00253324&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Spec. Iss.: Global Environmental Change. Part 1. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - international policy; ozone; international cooperation; man-induced effects; world ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rat flash-evoked potential peak N160 amplitude: modulation by relative flash intensity. AN - 85262132; pmid-2062908 AB - The flash-evoked potential (FEP) of rats has a large negative peak (N160) approximately 160 ms following stimulation. This peak has been reported to be modulated by the subject's state of behavioral arousal and influenced by several test parameters. These experiments examined the influences of repeated testing, the number of stimuli/session, interactions of ambient illumination and flash intensity, and the effect of pupillary dilation on the development and amplitude of peak N160. The amplitude of peak N160 increased with daily testing and reached an asymptotic amplitude by about day 10. This amplitude was affected by the intensity of the flash stimulus relative to the ambient illumination (RFI) and appeared to reach a "ceiling" amplitude at greater than 50 dB RFI. The number of stimuli/session and dilation of the subject's pupils did not have a large influence on the growth or asymptotic level of peak N160 amplitude. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the growth of peak N160 may represent a sensitization-like phenomenon. JF - Physiology & Behavior AU - Herr, D W AU - Boyes, W K AU - Dyer, R S AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1991 SP - 355 EP - 365 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Cerebral Cortex KW - Rats KW - Photic Stimulation KW - Evoked Potentials, Visual KW - Arousal KW - Reflex, Pupillary KW - Animal KW - Male KW - Reaction Time KW - Electroencephalography KW - Light UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85262132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+Behavior&rft.atitle=Rat+flash-evoked+potential+peak+N160+amplitude%3A+modulation+by+relative+flash+intensity.&rft.au=Herr%2C+D+W%3BBoyes%2C+W+K%3BDyer%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Herr&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+Behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of the reactivities of cyclopenta-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by quantum mechanical methods. AN - 80646122; 2058181 AB - 1. The direction of epoxide ring opening may be predicted using the techniques of theoretical chemistry by comparing the computed total energy of the two possible carbocations formed. 2. To predict the direction of epoxide ring opening and the potential binding of aceanthrylene 1,2-epoxide to biopolymers, quantum mechanical calculations were performed on the two potential hydroxy carbocations. 3. The 2-hydroxy carbocation (II) was favoured over the 1-hydroxy carbocation by 11.8 kcal/mol. Molecule II had more positive charge at the meso carbon group than at the nominally charged 1 position. Both the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the molecular electrostatic potential confirm this result, and indicate the possibility of unusual adducts to biopolymers. 4. Similar calculations on the equivalent epoxides of acenaphthylene and acephenanthrylene do not show the same results. 5. Modelling the addition products of II with small nucleophiles indicates that these unusual addition products do not form, and that the interaction is controlled by electronic effects and not electrostatic effects. 6. The calculations on acephenanthrylene demonstrate the importance of including the hydroxyl group when making predictions relative to epoxide ring opening. 7. Molecular descriptors are surrogates for the interaction of that molecule with an often unknown biological target. In cases where molecular descriptors are used without information about the target, small quantitative differences may not be appropriate discriminators. JF - Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems AU - Rabinowitz, J R AU - Little, S B AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 263 EP - 275 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Chemistry KW - Thermodynamics KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Electrochemistry KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80646122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+the+reactivities+of+cyclopenta-polynuclear+aromatic+hydrocarbons+by+quantum+mechanical+methods.&rft.au=Rabinowitz%2C+J+R%3BLittle%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Rabinowitz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-31 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on autonomic thermoregulatory responses of the rat. AN - 80638968; 1676171 AB - 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a substituted amphetamine analogue which stimulates serotonin release in the CNS, has been shown to induce near lethal elevations in core temperature in the rat. To characterize the effects of MDMA on temperature regulation, we measured metabolic rate (MR), evaporative water loss (EWL), motor activity (MA), and colonic temperature (Tc) in male, Long-Evans rats at 60 min following 30 mg/kg (SC) MDMA or saline at ambient temperature (Ta) of 10, 20 and 30 degrees C. MDMA caused an elevation in MR at Ta's of 20 and 30 degrees C but had no effect at 10 degrees C. At a Ta of 30 degrees C, MR of the MDMA group was double that of the saline group. EWL was elevated by MDMA, an effect which was potentiated with increasing Ta. MDMA also elicited an increase in MA at all three Ta's. MDMA led to a 3.2 degrees C increase in Tc at 30 degrees C, no change in Tc at 20 degrees C, and a 2.0 degrees C decrease in Tc at 10 degrees C. A second study found that treatment with 20 mg/kg MDMA failed to elicit an increase in blood flow to the tail in spite of a hyperthermic core temperature of 41.4 degrees C. Preliminary studies using radiotelemetry methodology suggested that MDMA lethality is preceded by precipitous elevations in heart rate and core temperature. The data suggest that, at relatively warm Ta's. MDMA-induced stimulation of serotonergic pathways causes an elevation in MR and peripheral vasoconstriction, thus producing life-threatening elevations in Tc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Gordon, C J AU - Watkinson, W P AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 339 EP - 344 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - 4764-17-4 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Telemetry KW - Electrocardiography KW - Tail -- blood supply KW - Regional Blood Flow -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Autonomic Nervous System -- drug effects KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80638968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Effects+of+3%2C4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine+on+autonomic+thermoregulatory+responses+of+the+rat.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BWatkinson%2C+W+P%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-31 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The carcinogenicity of dichloroacetic acid in the male B6C3F1 mouse. AN - 80633288; 2055364 AB - Groups of male B6C3F1 mice (N = 50) were provided drinking water containing 2 g/liter sodium chloride (control) and 0.05, 0.5, and 5 g/liter dichloroacetic acid (DCA). Treatment of 30 animals in each group was carried out to 60 or 75 weeks. In a separate experiment, mice exposed to 3.5 g/liter DCA and the corresponding acetic acid control group were killed at 60 weeks. Groups of 5 mice were killed at 4, 15, 30, and 45 weeks. Time-weighted mean daily doses of 7.6, 77, 410, and 486 mg/kg/day were calculated for 0.05, 0.5, 3.5, and 5 g/liter DCA treatments. Animals exposed to 3.5 and 5 g/liter DCA had final body weights that were 87 and 83%, respectively, of the control value. Relative liver weights of 136, 230, and 351% of the control value were measured for 0.5, 3.5, and 5 g/liter, respectively. At 60 weeks mice receiving 5.0 g/liter DCA had a 90% prevalence of liver neoplasia with a mean multiplicity of 4.50 tumors/animal. Exposure to 3.5 g/liter DCA for 60 weeks resulted in a 100% tumor prevalence with an average of 4.0 tumors/animal. The prevalence of liver neoplasia and tumor multiplicity at 60 and 75 weeks in the 0.05 g/liter DCA (24.1%; 0.31 tumors/animal) and in the 0.5 g/liter group (11.1%; 0.11 tumors/animal) did not differ significantly from the control value (7.1% and 0.07 tumors/animal). No liver tumors were found in the group treated with acetic acid. Hyperplastic nodules were seen in the 3.5 (58%; 0.92/animal) and 5 g/liter DCA groups (83%; 1.27/animal). There was a significant positive dose-related trend in the age-adjusted prevalence of liver tumors. These data confirm the hepatocarcinogenicity of DCA administered in the drinking water to male B6C3F1 mice for 60 weeks. The results together with those in an earlier report from this laboratory suggest, for the conditions under which these assays were conducted, a threshold concentration of at least 0.5 g/liter followed by a steep rise to a maximum tumor incidence at 2 g/liter DCA. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - DeAngelo, A B AU - Daniel, F B AU - Stober, J A AU - Olson, G R AD - Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 337 EP - 347 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Dichloroacetic Acid KW - 9LSH52S3LQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Dichloroacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80633288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+carcinogenicity+of+dichloroacetic+acid+in+the+male+B6C3F1+mouse.&rft.au=DeAngelo%2C+A+B%3BDaniel%2C+F+B%3BStober%2C+J+A%3BOlson%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=DeAngelo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-26 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo and in vitro structure-dosimetry-activity relationships of substituted phenols in developmental toxicity assays. AN - 80631387; 2055353 JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Kavlock, R J AU - Oglesby, L A AU - Hall, L L AU - Fisher, H L AU - Copeland, F AU - Logsdon, T AU - Ebron-McCoy, M AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 225 EP - 229 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Phenols KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Phenols -- pharmacokinetics KW - Phenols -- chemistry KW - Phenols -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80631387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vivo+and+in+vitro+structure-dosimetry-activity+relationships+of+substituted+phenols+in+developmental+toxicity+assays.&rft.au=Kavlock%2C+R+J%3BOglesby%2C+L+A%3BHall%2C+L+L%3BFisher%2C+H+L%3BCopeland%2C+F%3BLogsdon%2C+T%3BEbron-McCoy%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kavlock&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-26 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease in men and women. AN - 80592517; 1828226 AB - Lead has been shown to be associated with elevated blood pressure in males in the NHANES II survey and in numerous other studies. This study confirms the association in males aged 20 to 74 and documents a significant, although weaker, association in females as well. Prospective cardiovascular disease studies such as the Framingham study indicate that increases in blood pressure should be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Using electrocardiogram data from NHANES II, this study confirms the expected association of lead with left ventricular hypertrophy (p less than 0.01). Such an association with permanent cardiovascular changes adds weight to the blood pressure findings. The logistic risk coefficients from the Framingham study can be combined with the study's association between lead and blood pressure to examine its implication for more serious outcomes. The results suggest that a halving of the population mean blood lead level would reduce myocardial infarctions by approximately 24,000 events per year and incidence of all cardiovascular disease by over 100,000. These numbers suggest a small attributable risk compared to the vast incidence of cardiovascular disease in the U.S., but a large attributable risk compared to most environmental toxins. Several biological mechanisms have been identified, with different implications for the use of bone lead as an exposure measure. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Schwartz, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy Analysis, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 71 EP - 75 VL - 91 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hypertension -- chemically induced KW - Hypertension -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- complications KW - Environmental Pollutants -- poisoning KW - Cardiomegaly -- chemically induced KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Cardiomegaly -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80592517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Hisp%C3%A1nica+Moderna&rft.atitle=Velas+en+la+magia&rft.au=RODR%C3%8DGUEZ+RIVERA%2C+VIRGINIA&rft.aulast=RODR%C3%8DGUEZ+RIVERA&rft.aufirst=VIRGINIA&rft.date=1946-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revista+Hisp%C3%A1nica+Moderna&rft.issn=00349593&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-11 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Circulation. 1960 Jun;21:1160-75 [13849070] Toxicology. 1977 Aug;8(1):43-51 [929617] Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:85-9 [3060355] Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:77-83 [3060354] Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:71-6 [3060353] Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:101-6 [3060351] Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:15-22 [3203634] Nature. 1988 Jul 7;334(6177):71-3 [3386747] Neurotoxicology. 1984 Fall;5(3):295-331 [6151637] Hypertension. 1987 Oct;10(4):447-51 [3653974] Toxicology. 1986 Jun;39(3):275-89 [3705089] Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Feb;121(2):246-58 [4014119] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1985 Feb;11(1):15-9 [3992216] JAMA. 1985 Jan 25;253(4):530-4 [3968785] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6494-8 [6947240] J Lab Clin Med. 1982 Mar;99(3):354-62 [7057062] Am J Physiol. 1981 Aug;241(2):H211-6 [7270708] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1980 Mar 15;52(3):491-6 [7368219] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1979 Nov;51(2):239-45 [93791] Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1977 Oct;156(1):173-6 [198819] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1978 Nov;46(2):475-87 [734673] Brain Res. 1977 Nov 4;136(1):185-8 [589445] FASEB J. 1987 Sep;1(3):177-85 [3040504] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of exposure route on potency of carcinogens. AN - 80538323; 2024044 AB - To compare the effectiveness of different exposure routes for the induction of cancer in experimental animals, the estimated dose associated with a 25% additional risk of cancer (RRD(25)) was calculated using a group of carcinogenic agents for which both inhalation and oral ingestion cancer bioassays were available. Comparisons were made of 14 agents in rats and 9 in mice. Seven of the nine compared in mice were also compared in rats. Among rats, 8 of 14 agents were more effective via the oral route, while 7 of 9 were more effective via the oral route in mice. The variation in RRD(25) values with route, however, was less than 10-fold for all the agents tested in mice and for 11 of 14 tested in rats. An overall difference in potency with route could not be detected statistically. In rats, differences in potency greater than 10-fold were found for asbestos, vinyl chloride, and hydrazine. In the case of asbestos, the agent was in the form of relatively insoluble particulate matter. The greater potency via inhalation is likely due to longer residence time of the particles in the deep lung than in the gut, allowing for a greater degree of particle dissolution with an accompanying increase in bioavailability. Vinyl chloride was generally tested by inhalation at doses high enough to saturate activation pathways, resulting in underestimates of low-dose potency. Many of the smaller potency differences with route, as well as those for hydrazine, were considered likely to be the result of variability in the design and/or quality of studies. It was concluded that, if the design and conduct of the experiments were adequate, if agents in the form of relatively insoluble particulate matter are eliminated, and if corrections are made to account for incomplete activation, then large errors during route extrapolation are unlikely to occur. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Pepelko, W E AD - Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 3 EP - 17 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Computer Simulation KW - Mice KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80538323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Effect+of+exposure+route+on+potency+of+carcinogens.&rft.au=Pepelko%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Pepelko&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-05-31 N1 - Date created - 1991-05-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation factors for eleven polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. AN - 80525916; 1902131 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Ferraro, S P AU - Lee, H AU - Smith, L M AU - Ozretich, R J AU - Specht, D T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pacific Ecosystems Branch, Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon 97365. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 276 EP - 283 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bivalvia -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80525916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Accumulation+factors+for+eleven+polychlorinated+biphenyl+congeners.&rft.au=Ferraro%2C+S+P%3BLee%2C+H%3BSmith%2C+L+M%3BOzretich%2C+R+J%3BSpecht%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1991-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multilaboratory evaluation of methods for detecting enteric viruses in soils. AN - 80510035; 1849712 AB - Two candidate methods for the recovery and detection of viruses in soil were subjected to round robin comparative testing by members of the American Society for Testing and Materials D19:24:04:04 Subcommittee Task Group. Selection of the methods, designated "Berg" and "Goyal," was based on results of an initial screening which indicated that both met basic criteria considered essential by the task group. Both methods utilized beef extract solutions to achieve desorption and recovery of viruses from representative soils: a fine sand soil, an organic muck soil, a sandy loam soil, and a clay loam soil. One of the two methods, Goyal, also used a secondary concentration of resulting soil eluants via low-pH organic flocculation to achieve a smaller final assay volume. Evaluation of the two methods was simultaneously performed in replicate by nine different laboratories. Each of the produced samples was divided into portions, and these were respectively subjected to quantitative viral plaque assay by both the individual, termed independent, laboratory which had done the soil processing and a single common reference laboratory, using a single cell line and passage level. The Berg method seemed to produce slightly higher virus recovery values; however, the differences in virus assay titers for samples produced by the two methods were not statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) for any one of the four soils. Despite this lack of a method effect, there was a statistically significant laboratory effect exhibited by assay titers from the independent versus reference laboratories for two of the soils, sandy loam and clay loam. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Hurst, C J AU - Schaub, S A AU - Sobsey, M D AU - Farrah, S R AU - Gerba, C P AU - Rose, J B AU - Goyal, S M AU - Larkin, E P AU - Sullivan, R AU - Tierney, J T AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 395 EP - 401 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Laboratories KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Virology -- methods KW - Enterovirus -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80510035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Multilaboratory+evaluation+of+methods+for+detecting+enteric+viruses+in+soils.&rft.au=Hurst%2C+C+J%3BSchaub%2C+S+A%3BSobsey%2C+M+D%3BFarrah%2C+S+R%3BGerba%2C+C+P%3BRose%2C+J+B%3BGoyal%2C+S+M%3BLarkin%2C+E+P%3BSullivan%2C+R%3BTierney%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-05-10 N1 - Date created - 1991-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 May;45(5):1474-80 [16346286] Can J Microbiol. 1988 May;34(5):696-9 [2850101] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Sep;48(3):531-8 [6093689] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977 Jan;33(1):109-13 [189685] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Aug;46(2):379-85 [6312884] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Aug;40(2):192-200 [6258471] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):241-7 [42350] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Jul;40(1):92-101 [6250478] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activity profiles of developmental toxicity: design considerations and pilot implementation. AN - 80506993; 2014481 AB - The available literature was searched for quantitative test results from both in vitro and in vivo assays for developmental toxicity for five model compounds: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, hydroxyurea, caffeine, and ethylenethiourea. These compounds were chosen on the basis of their extensive utilization in a variety of assay systems for developmental toxicity as evidenced by their representation in the ETIC database (each generally has 100-500 citations encompassing multiple test systems). Nine cellular-based assays, six assays using whole embryos in culture, as well as Segment II and abbreviated exposure tests for mammalian test species are included in the database. For each assay, the critical endpoints were identified, each of which was then provided a three-letter code, and the criteria for extraction of quantitative information were established. The extracted information was placed into a computerized reference file and subsequently plotted such that the qualitative (positive/negative) and quantitative (e.g., IC50, highest ineffective dose (HID), lowest effective dose (LED] results across all test systems could be displayed. The information contained in these profiles can be used to compare qualitative and quantitative results across multiple assay systems, to identify data gaps in the literature, to evaluate the concordance of the assays, to calculate relative potencies, and to examine structure-activity relationships. JF - Teratology AU - Kavlock, R J AU - Greene, J A AU - Kimmel, G L AU - Morrissey, R E AU - Owens, E AU - Rogers, J M AU - Sadler, T W AU - Stack, H F AU - Waters, M D AU - Welsch, F AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 159 EP - 185 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Ethylenethiourea KW - 24FOJ4N18S KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Hydroxyurea KW - X6Q56QN5QC KW - Methotrexate KW - YL5FZ2Y5U1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Ethylenethiourea -- toxicity KW - Caffeine -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Biological Assay KW - Cyclophosphamide -- toxicity KW - Methotrexate -- toxicity KW - Hydroxyurea -- toxicity KW - Data Collection KW - Toxicology KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80506993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Activity+profiles+of+developmental+toxicity%3A+design+considerations+and+pilot+implementation.&rft.au=Kavlock%2C+R+J%3BGreene%2C+J+A%3BKimmel%2C+G+L%3BMorrissey%2C+R+E%3BOwens%2C+E%3BRogers%2C+J+M%3BSadler%2C+T+W%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BWaters%2C+M+D%3BWelsch%2C+F&rft.aulast=Kavlock&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-05-16 N1 - Date created - 1991-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-random cell killing in cryopreservation: implications for performance of the battery of leukocyte tests (BLT), I. Toxic and immunotoxic effects. AN - 80450818; 1996128 AB - To eliminate between-tests error in longitudinal human studies, for specimen sharing, convenient scheduling, etc., it is necessary for us to freeze leukocytes as well as non-transformed, continuous T lymphocyte (CTL) lines. Two commonly used cryopreservation methods were compared in terms of efficacy. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CTLs were each aliquoted into three sets of vials. Two sets each were frozen in a 1:1 mixture of 15% DMSO in Mixed Medium (MM) and 20% FBS in MM using a commonly employed styrofoam freezer insert method for liquid nitrogen refrigerators and a programmed freezer (temperature falls at an optimal rate), respectively. The remaining set was held in MM with 20% FBS at 20 degrees C during the 2-h freezing process. The cells were thawed and/or washed and assayed for viability and T helper (Th)/T suppressor (Ts) ratio. It is clear that inadequate freezing (via the styrofoam method) non-randomly damages cells of T cell subpopulations, Th being more sensitive than Ts. Further, it is shown that inadequate cryopreservation can confound results from a number of assessment methods owing to morphological and functional damages. The battery of leukocyte tests (BLT) under development in this laboratory, is designed to detect toxic, immunotoxic and genotoxic effects of in vivo mutagen exposure on human blood. It is concluded that minimization of non-random cell losses (as quantitated on the basis of morphology) and preservation of related regulatory cell function is essential if one would assess the in vivo and in vitro states of heterogeneous cells. Further, it is suggested that freezing methods should be used only after verification that selective damage to subpopulations is not occurring among cells that otherwise might wrongly be assumed to be intact. JF - Mutation research AU - Strauss, G H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Genetic Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 1 EP - 15 VL - 252 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Fluoresceins KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - 6-carboxyfluorescein KW - 3301-79-9 KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide KW - YOW8V9698H KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Fluoresceins -- toxicity KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Blood Component Removal KW - Humans KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide -- toxicity KW - Interleukin-2 -- biosynthesis KW - Spectrophotometry KW - Leukocyte Count KW - Cell Line KW - Cryopreservation -- methods KW - Leukocytes, Mononuclear -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80450818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Non-random+cell+killing+in+cryopreservation%3A+implications+for+performance+of+the+battery+of+leukocyte+tests+%28BLT%29%2C+I.+Toxic+and+immunotoxic+effects.&rft.au=Strauss%2C+G+H&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=252&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Murine susceptibility to organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). AN - 80445182; 1994513 AB - This study reports that CD-1 strain mice are neuropathologically and biochemically responsive to acute doses of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP). Young (25-30 g) male and female animals were exposed (po) to a single dose of TOCP (580-3480 mg/kg) and sampled for neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity at 24 and 44 hr postexposure and for neuropathic damage 14 days later. Biochemically, high intragroup variability existed at the lower doses, and at higher levels of TOCP exposure (i.e., greater than or equal to 1160 mg/kg), mean brain NTE inhibition never exceeded 68%. Hen and mouse brain NTE activity, assayed in vitro for sensitivity to inhibition by tolyl saligenin phosphate (TSP), the active neurotoxic metabolite of TOCP, showed similar IC50 values. Histologically, highly variable spinal cord damage was recorded throughout treatment groups and mean damage scores followed a dose-response pattern with no apparent correlation to threshold (i.e., greater than or equal to 65%) inhibition of brain NTE activity. Topographically, axonal degeneration in the mouse spinal cord predominated in the lateral and ventral columns of the upper cervical cord. Unlike the rat, which displays degeneration in the upper cervical cord's dorsal columns (i.e., gracilis fasciculus) in response to TOCP intoxication, treated mice showed minimal damage to this tract. To examine this discrepancy further, ultrastructural morphometric analysis of axon diameters in the cervical cord was performed in control mice and rats. These results indicated that in both species, the largest diameter (greater than or equal to 4 microns) axons are housed in the ventral columns of the cervical spinal cord, suggesting that axon length and diameter may not be the only criteria underlying fiber tract vulnerability in OPIDN. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Veronesi, B AU - Padilla, S AU - Blackmon, K AU - Pope, C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 311 EP - 324 VL - 107 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - 0 KW - Tritolyl Phosphates KW - 2-(2-cresyl)-4H-1-3-2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide KW - 1222-87-3 KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - neurotoxic esterase KW - tri-o-cresyl phosphate KW - X8II18JD0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Axons -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Tritolyl Phosphates -- toxicity KW - Spinal Cord -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Spinal Cord -- cytology KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- toxicity KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80445182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Murine+susceptibility+to+organophosphorus-induced+delayed+neuropathy+%28OPIDN%29.&rft.au=Veronesi%2C+B%3BPadilla%2C+S%3BBlackmon%2C+K%3BPope%2C+C&rft.aulast=Veronesi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=180&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arbor&rft.issn=02101963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-20 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral and neurochemical changes in rats dosed repeatedly with diisopropylfluorophosphate. AN - 80440696; 1994004 AB - Behavioral effects of organophosphates (OPs) typically decrease with repeated exposure, despite persistence of OP-induced inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and downregulation of muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. To characterize this tolerance phenomenon, rats were trained to perform an appetitive operant task which allowed daily quantification of working memory (accuracy of delayed matching-to-position), reference memory (accuracy of visual discrimination) and motor function (choice response latencies and inter-response times during delay). Daily s.c. injections of 0.2 mg/kg of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) caused no visible cholinergic signs, did not affect body weight or visual discrimination, but progressively impaired matching accuracy and lengthened response latencies and interresponse times. These effects recovered in seven of eight treated rats after termination of DFP treatment. Resumption of daily DFP at 0.1 mg/kg caused smaller impairments of both matching accuracy and response latency. After 21 injections of 0.2 mg/kg/day of DFP, rats were subsensitive to the hypothermia induced by acute oxotremorine (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), as expected after OP-induced downregulation of muscarinic ACh receptors. Evidence for supersensitivity to scopolamine (0.03 and 0.056 mg/kg i.p.) in DFP-treated rats was mixed, with additive effects predominating on both the cognitive and motor aspects of the task. After 18 days of 0.1 mg/kg of DFP, AChE was inhibited 50 to 75% and muscarinic ACh receptor density was reduced 15 to 20% in hippocampus and frontal cortex. Progressive declines in AChE activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex across 15 daily doses with DFP at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg were observed in other rats; quinuclidinyl benzilate binding was significantly reduced in hippocampus after 15 doses at both levels of DFP. These results indicate that animals showing a definitive sign of tolerance to OP administration (subsensitivity to a cholinergic agonist) were also functionally impaired on both the mnemonic and motoric demands of a working memory task. The nature of this impairment suggests further that it results from compensatory changes in the central nervous system, e.g., muscarinic receptor downregulation, considered to produce "tolerance" to OPs in exposed animals. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Bushnell, P J AU - Padilla, S S AU - Ward, T AU - Pope, C N AU - Olszyk, V B AD - Neurotoxicology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 741 EP - 750 VL - 256 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Receptors, Cholinergic KW - 0 KW - Isoflurophate KW - 12UHW9R67N KW - Scopolamine Hydrobromide KW - 451IFR0GXB KW - Quinuclidinyl Benzilate KW - 6581-06-2 KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Drug Tolerance KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Receptors, Cholinergic -- analysis KW - Discrimination Learning KW - Age Factors KW - Scopolamine Hydrobromide -- pharmacology KW - Quinuclidinyl Benzilate -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Cholinergic -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Acetylcholinesterase -- analysis KW - Cognition -- drug effects KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Isoflurophate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80440696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Behavioral+and+neurochemical+changes+in+rats+dosed+repeatedly+with+diisopropylfluorophosphate.&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J%3BPadilla%2C+S+S%3BWard%2C+T%3BPope%2C+C+N%3BOlszyk%2C+V+B&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=256&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=741&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-21 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol, a metabolite of a genetically engineered bacterium, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate on some microorganism-mediated ecological processes in soil. AN - 733447737; 16348408 AB - A genetically engineered microorganism, Pseudomonas putida PPO301(pRO103), and the plasmidless parent strain, PPO301, were added at approximately 10 CFU/g of soil amended with 500 ppm of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) (500 mug/g). The degradation of 2,4-D and the accumulation of a single metabolite, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry as 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), occurred only in soil inoculated with PPO301(pRO103), wherein 2,4-DCP accumulated to >70 ppm for 5 weeks and the concentration of 2,4-D was reduced to 400-fold decline in the numbers of fungal propagules and a marked reduction in the rate of CO(2) evolution, whereas 2,4-D did not depress either fungal propagules or respiration of the soil microbiota. 2,4-DCP did not appear to depress the numbers of total heterotrophic, sporeforming, or chitin-utilizing bacteria. In vitro and in situ assays conducted with 2,4-DCP and fungal isolates from the soil demonstrated that 2,4-DCP was toxic to fungal propagules at concentrations below those detected in the soil. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Short, K A AU - Doyle, J D AU - King, R J AU - Seidler, R J AU - Stotzky, G AU - Olsen, R H AD - Environmental Research Laboratory, 200 SW 35th Street, and NSI Technology Services Corp., Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon 97333; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003 ; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. Y1 - 1991/02// PY - 1991 DA - February 1991 SP - 412 EP - 418 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733447737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+2%2C4-dichlorophenol%2C+a+metabolite+of+a+genetically+engineered+bacterium%2C+and+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetate+on+some+microorganism-mediated+ecological+processes+in+soil.&rft.au=Short%2C+K+A%3BDoyle%2C+J+D%3BKing%2C+R+J%3BSeidler%2C+R+J%3BStotzky%2C+G%3BOlsen%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Short&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-02-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date created - 2010-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1985 Jan;161(1):466-8 [3968031] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 May;49(5):1237-45 [3923930] J Bacteriol. 1973 Feb;113(2):772-80 [4632321] Appl Microbiol. 1974 Aug;28(2):181-4 [4852192] Can J Microbiol. 1965 Aug;11(4):629-36 [5324002] Appl Microbiol. 1970 Feb;19(2):379-80 [5437308] Can J Microbiol. 1967 Jun;13(6):691-9 [6035146] Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jul 10;9(13):2989-98 [6269067] J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):116-23 [6294046] Appl Microbiol. 1975 Mar;29(3):422-6 [234719] Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513-23 [388356] J Bacteriol. 1990 May;172(5):2280-6 [2158967] Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Jan;211(1):113-20 [2830460] J Bacteriol. 1989 Jan;171(1):314-20 [2914848] J Bacteriol. 1985 Jan;161(1):85-90 [2981813] J Bacteriol. 1987 Jul;169(7):2950-5 [3036764] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1985 Feb;34(2):150-7 [3978252] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphological cell transformation and DNA adduction by benz(j)aceanthrylene and its presumptive reaction metabolites in C3H10T1/2CL8 cells. AN - 80675523; 2069052 JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Lasley, J AU - Curti, S AU - Ross, J AU - Nelson, G AU - Sangaiah, R AU - Gold, A AU - Nesnow, S AD - Environmental Health Research, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 759 EP - 762 VL - 283 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Methylcholanthrene KW - 56-49-5 KW - benz(j)aceanthrylene KW - 844QXH8PK1 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Biotransformation KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cell Line KW - Methylcholanthrene -- toxicity KW - Methylcholanthrene -- pharmacokinetics KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Methylcholanthrene -- metabolism KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80675523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Morphological+cell+transformation+and+DNA+adduction+by+benz%28j%29aceanthrylene+and+its+presumptive+reaction+metabolites+in+C3H10T1%2F2CL8+cells.&rft.au=Lasley%2C+J%3BCurti%2C+S%3BRoss%2C+J%3BNelson%2C+G%3BSangaiah%2C+R%3BGold%2C+A%3BNesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lasley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=283&rft.issue=&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-08-14 N1 - Date created - 1991-08-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic basis of age-related changes in sensitivity to toxicants. AN - 80658285; 2064370 JF - Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 101 EP - 128 VL - 31 SN - 0362-1642, 0362-1642 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Toxins, Biological -- toxicity KW - Toxins, Biological -- pharmacokinetics KW - Pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80658285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+pharmacology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+basis+of+age-related+changes+in+sensitivity+to+toxicants.&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+pharmacology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=03621642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-08-02 N1 - Date created - 1991-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The comparability of rat and human visual-evoked potentials. AN - 80620196; 2052191 AB - A series of experiments addressed the issue of comparability among neurological processes in pigmented rat and human visual systems. In the first set of experiments, transient visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) were elicited by the onset of sine-wave gratings of various spatial frequencies. The spatial frequency-response profiles of the first positive and immediately succeeding negative components differed from one another, but were similar in the two species. In addition, amplitude of the negative, but not the positive, component was strongly attenuated in both species following stationary pattern adaptation. In the second set of experiments, steady-state VEPs were elicited by the onset and offset of the gratings. The spatial frequency profiles of the 1F (response amplitude at the frequency of stimulus onset-offset) and 2F response components differed from one another, but were similar in both species. The final set of experiments indicated that diazepam, a GABA agonist, reduced amplitude of 2F, but not 1F, in both species. These results suggested that at least some functional subsystems mediating spatial vision in humans may have qualitatively similar counterparts in rats. JF - Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews AU - Hudnell, H K AU - Boyes, W K AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 159 EP - 164 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0149-7634, 0149-7634 KW - Diazepam KW - Q3JTX2Q7TU KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Adaptation, Ocular -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Diazepam -- pharmacology KW - Electrophysiology KW - Species Specificity KW - Evoked Potentials, Visual -- drug effects KW - Evoked Potentials, Visual -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80620196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+and+biobehavioral+reviews&rft.atitle=The+comparability+of+rat+and+human+visual-evoked+potentials.&rft.au=Hudnell%2C+H+K%3BBoyes%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Hudnell&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+and+biobehavioral+reviews&rft.issn=01497634&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-25 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Daily diaries of respiratory symptoms and air pollution: methodological issues and results. AN - 80618303; 2050059 AB - Daily diaries of respiratory symptoms are a powerful technique for detecting acute effects of air pollution exposure. While conceptually simple, these diary studies can be difficult to analyze. The daily symptom rates are highly correlated, even after adjustment for covariates, and this lack of independence must be considered in the analysis. Possible approaches include the use of incidence instead of prevalence rates and autoregressive models. Heterogeneity among subjects also induces dependencies in the data. These can be addressed by stratification and by two-stage models such as those developed by Korn and Whittemore. These approaches have been applied to two data sets: a cohort of school children participating in the Harvard Six Cities Study and a cohort of student nurses in Los Angeles. Both data sets provide evidence of autocorrelation and heterogeneity. Controlling for autocorrelation corrects the precision estimates, and because diary data are usually positively autocorrelated, this leads to larger variance estimates. Controlling for heterogeneity among subjects appears to increase the effect sizes for air pollution exposure. Preliminary results indicate associations between sulfur dioxide and cough incidence in children and between nitrogen dioxide and phlegm incidence in student nurses. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Schwartz, J AU - Wypij, D AU - Dockery, D AU - Ware, J AU - Zeger, S AU - Spengler, J AU - Ferris, B AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991/01// PY - 1991 DA - January 1991 SP - 181 EP - 187 VL - 90 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Urban Health KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Models, Statistical KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Time Factors KW - Prevalence KW - Medical Records KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80618303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Daily+diaries+of+respiratory+symptoms+and+air+pollution%3A+methodological+issues+and+results.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J%3BWypij%2C+D%3BDockery%2C+D%3BWare%2C+J%3BZeger%2C+S%3BSpengler%2C+J%3BFerris%2C+B&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-25 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Air Pollut Control Assoc. 1982 Sep;32(9):937-42 [7130539] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984 Mar;129(3):366-74 [6703495] Biometrics. 1984 Dec;40(4):961-71 [6534418] Biometrics. 1985 Mar;41(1):91-101 [4005390] Biometrics. 1979 Dec;35(4):795-802 [526525] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Feb;137(2):313-20 [3341625] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Jan;139(1):56-61 [2912357] Arch Environ Health. 1974 May;28(5):255-60 [4821769] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1979 Oct;120(4):767-79 [507507] Biometrics. 1986 Mar;42(1):121-30 [3719049] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Models for analyzing data in initiation-promotion studies. AN - 80615272; 2050074 AB - The objective of this paper is to construct a class of models for analyzing data in initiation-promotion (IP) studies. After the application of an initiator in animals IP studies, histochemical and/or histopathologic criteria are used to define the foci that are postulated to be the origin of tumors. Thus, the dynamics of foci growth are of inherent interest in the study of the mechanism of carcinogenesis. In this paper, models to explain these dynamics are developed and can be used to differentiate among proposed mechanisms of tumor formation and promotion. Examples are given to illustrate useful concepts for analyzing data from IP studies. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Chen, C AU - Gibb, H AU - Moini, A AD - Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991/01// PY - 1991 DA - January 1991 SP - 287 EP - 292 VL - 90 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Diethylnitrosamine KW - 3IQ78TTX1A KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Diethylnitrosamine -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Hepatectomy KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80615272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Models+for+analyzing+data+in+initiation-promotion+studies.&rft.au=Chen%2C+C%3BGibb%2C+H%3BMoini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-25 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer Res. 1976 Jul;36(7 PT 2):2544-54 [132270] Cancer Res. 1979 Apr;39(4):1298-304 [154362] Cancer Res. 1984 Aug;44(8):3340-7 [6331643] Carcinogenesis. 1985 Jan;6(1):65-8 [3155670] Risk Anal. 1989 Jun;9(2):179-87 [2762604] J Math Biol. 1985;21(3):329-46 [4031697] Cancer Res. 1986 May;46(5):2377-85 [3697980] Lab Invest. 1987 Jan;56(1):4-22 [3025514] Carcinogenesis. 1987 Oct;8(10):1491-9 [2888545] Carcinogenesis. 1985 Jan;6(1):69-72 [3155671] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High doses of aspartame have no effects on sensorimotor function or learning and memory in rats. AN - 80607040; 2046625 AB - Acute or repeated (14 days) intragastric administration of L-d-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (aspartame) suspended in saline and Tween-80 in doses of up to 1,000 mg/kg had no significant effect in male Fischer-344 rats on routine measures of sensorimotor function, including spontaneous motor activity, acoustic startle reflex and prepulse inhibition. Other experiments found that aspartame (500 or 1,000 mg/kg) had no significant effect on acquisition of passive or active avoidance or a spatial, reference memory task in the Morris water maze. A series of separate studies found that aspartame had no effects in rats fasted 24 hours prior to testing, or if it was suspended in carboxymethylcellulose or administered by the intraperitoneal route. Under the conditions of these experiments, large doses of aspartame have no significant neurobiological effects in adult rats as measured by procedures known to be sensitive to the neurobiological effects of neurotoxicants, including convulsants, organochlorine insecticides and heavy metals. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Tilson, H A AU - Hong, J S AU - Sobotka, T J AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1991 SP - 27 EP - 35 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Aspartame KW - Z0H242BBR1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Memory -- drug effects KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Avoidance Learning -- drug effects KW - Reflex, Acoustic -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Aspartame -- administration & dosage KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Aspartame -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80607040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=High+doses+of+aspartame+have+no+effects+on+sensorimotor+function+or+learning+and+memory+in+rats.&rft.au=Tilson%2C+H+A%3BHong%2C+J+S%3BSobotka%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Tilson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of mutagenicity results for nine compounds evaluated at the hgprt locus in the standard and suspension CHO assays. AN - 80568648; 1710014 AB - The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) assay, which measures newly induced mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hgprt) locus, has been widely used for mutagenesis testing. The insensitivity of the standard assay to some genotoxic agents has been speculated to be due to the relatively small number of cells used in the assay. In the present study, we have compared the standard monolayer assay with a suspension adapted CHO assay that uses cell numbers comparable to that of the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay. Nine compounds, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-[3-(ethyl-2-chloroethyl)-aminopropylamino]-acridine 2HCl (ICR 170), methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and dicyclopentenyloxyethyl methacrylate were evaluated in the monolayer and suspension assays. Both assays gave the same overall qualitative results for the test compounds. There were some quantitative differences in the mutant frequency for the three compounds found to be mutagenic (EMS, MMS and ICR 170). The acrylates (many of which appear to exert their genotoxic effect through a clastogenic mechanism) were negative in both test systems. The use of the suspension assay did not improve the ability of the hgprt locus to detect the genotoxicity of the acrylates. Thus, increasing the number of cells does not improve the ability of the CHO/HGPRT assay to detect compounds that act primarily by a clastogenic mechanism. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Parker, L AU - Huston, J AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Dearfield, K L AD - Mutagenesis and Cellular Toxicology Branch, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/01// PY - 1991 DA - January 1991 SP - 77 EP - 85 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Acrylates KW - 0 KW - Aminoacridines KW - Mutagens KW - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds KW - acridine mustard KW - 146-59-8 KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate KW - 9H154DI0UP KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate KW - AT5C31J09G KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Nitrogen Mustard Compounds -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Acrylates -- toxicity KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate -- toxicity KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Lymphoma KW - Mutation KW - Cell Line KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80568648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+mutagenicity+results+for+nine+compounds+evaluated+at+the+hgprt+locus+in+the+standard+and+suspension+CHO+assays.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BParker%2C+L%3BHuston%2C+J%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BDearfield%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-07-03 N1 - Date created - 1991-07-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the spiral Salmonella assay to detect the mutagenicity of complex environmental mixtures. AN - 80490751; 2009866 AB - The success demonstrated by the spiral Salmonella assay in a recent study of 20 pure prompted us to examine the effectiveness of this automated bacterial mutagenicity assay for testing complex environmental mixtures. Three sets of combustion emissions were selected for evaluation: automotive diesel exhaust, woodsmoke, and a coal combustion emission. Each sample was tested in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay according to standard protocol (plate incorporation) and spiral assay techniques. In the spiral assay, a specialized plating instrument dispenses the bacteria, test agent, and S9 mix in a spiral pattern onto a minimal agar plate supplemented with histidine and biotin. The components of the assay are administered in such a way that a uniform density of bacteria is exposed to a concentration gradient of the test agent on a single plate. When results are analyzed, a dose-response curve comprised of 13 data points is generated. A comparison of results from the two assays demonstrated the following: 1) Diesel exhaust was generally the most mutagenically potent sample in both assays, followed closely by the coal combustion emission. The woodsmoke sample was only weakly mutagenic in the standard assay but demonstrated higher mutagenic activity in the spiral assay. 2) Samples were more mutagenic on rev/microgram basis in the spiral assay, especially when metabolic activation was added. This disparity presumably was due to differences in the relative amounts of S9 administered across the dose range. 3) The spiral assay required 1/20 the sample mass of the standard assay to test equivalent doses; in addition, for some samples, 50 times more sample mass was required by the standard assay to generate a comparable dose response. 4) Dichloromethane extracts of the complex mixtures could be tested for mutagenicity in the spiral assay, thereby precluding solvent exchange (to dimethylsulfoxide) required by the standard assay for sample/bioassay compatibility. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Houk, V S AU - Early, G AU - Claxton, L D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 112 EP - 121 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Biotransformation KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- instrumentation KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80490751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+spiral+Salmonella+assay+to+detect+the+mutagenicity+of+complex+environmental+mixtures.&rft.au=Houk%2C+V+S%3BEarly%2C+G%3BClaxton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Houk&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-05-03 N1 - Date created - 1991-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of sperm motion parameters with fertility in rats treated subchronically with epichlorohydrin. AN - 80490522; 2010350 AB - We investigated the relationship between fertility and sperm motin endpoints in rats treated subchronically with the male reproductive toxicant, epichlorohydrin (ECH). Male rats were given ECH orally for 23 days at dosages of 0, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg/day. They were mated twice (at 19 and 22 days) to estimate fertility by (1) detection of fertilized ova (presence of sperm head and tail or two pronuclei) 18 hours after mating and by (2) counting implants on day 14 of gestation. Both indices showed dose-related reductions (P less than 0.001). Motion parameters of cauda epididymal sperm were assessed using the CellSoft computer-assisted sperm motion analysis (CASA) system after the rats were asphyxiated on day 25. Curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, linearity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement were reduced in a dose-related manner. The fertility indices, percent fertilized ova, and percent implantation on day 14 of gestation were correlated significantly (r = 0.68; P = 0.0001). The following motion parameters were also correlated significantly with fertility (P less than 0.0003; r1 = percent fertilized ova and r2 = percent implantation): linearity (r1 = 0.42; r2 = 0.40), amplitude of lateral head displacement (r1 = 0.54; r2 = 0.48), curvilinear velocity (r1 = 0.53; r2 = 0.50), straight-line velocity (r1 = 0.55; r2 = 0.50), and percent motile sperm (r1 = 0.42; r2 = 0.32). These results suggest a relationship between toxicant-induced reductions in sperm motion and fertility. JF - Journal of andrology AU - Toth, G P AU - Stober, J A AU - Zenick, H AU - Read, E J AU - Christ, S A AU - Smith, M K AD - Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. PY - 1991 SP - 54 EP - 61 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0196-3635, 0196-3635 KW - Epichlorohydrin KW - 08OOR508C0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Epididymis -- drug effects KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Female KW - Epichlorohydrin -- toxicity KW - Sperm Motility -- drug effects KW - Fertility -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80490522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+andrology&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+sperm+motion+parameters+with+fertility+in+rats+treated+subchronically+with+epichlorohydrin.&rft.au=Toth%2C+G+P%3BStober%2C+J+A%3BZenick%2C+H%3BRead%2C+E+J%3BChrist%2C+S+A%3BSmith%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Toth&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+andrology&rft.issn=01963635&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1991-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human adipose tissue. AN - 80440822; 1899728 AB - Halogenated organic compounds are highly lipophilic chemicals that are persistent in the environment as a result of their use and chemical stability. Some of these compounds are also present in the environment as metabolites or oxidation products of a parent compound or as by-products formed in the production of chlorinated compounds. Chronic exposure to the general population results mainly through the food chain. Because they are lipophilic, and because many are metabolized slowly, these chemicals tend to concentrate in body fat tissue. This contribution has described these halogenated organic compounds, discussed their use, regulation and prohibition throughout the world, and reviewed published studies on the levels of these chemicals found in the adipose tissue of humans and animals. For many years, residues of halogenated organic compounds have been detected in the human adipose tissue of individuals in a number of countries, including those in Europe, Asia, and Africa, as well as in the U.S. The levels detected have been used as an index of the level of general population exposure of these compounds over time. Over the past two decades, most countries have observed a steady decline of this level of exposure, reflecting a reduction in the use of these compounds, restrictions on or banning of their use, and a corresponding decrease in their environmental levels. The levels of concentrations vary from chemical to chemical as well as from isomer to isomer. Since the use of aldrin and dieldrin has now been banned or restricted in the U.S. and a number of other countries, residue levels have slowly decreased. Mean values in human adipose tissue in the U.S. and some foreign countries ranged from 0.04 to 0.40 ppm for dieldrin. Aldrin was detected only in Argentina and Poland in the 1970s and endrin was not detected anywhere at anytime. By 1978, all products containing BHC registered in the U.S. has been either discontinued or reformulated to incorporate lindane rather than BHC. The potential for exposure to BHC is virtually nonexistent in the U.S.; however, exposure to lindane is possible since products containing this chemical are still marketed, and used particularly in the manufacture of human medicine. DDT was banned for agricultural purposes in the U.S. in 1972, although it is still used elsewhere for public health vector control. Since the decline in use of DDT, however, the average levels of concentration have also declined. Heptachlor, chlordane, and trans-nonachlor (a component of both heptachlor and chlordane) are chlorinated cyclodienes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Kutz, F W AU - Wood, P H AU - Bottimore, D P AD - Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1 EP - 82 VL - 120 SN - 0179-5953, 0179-5953 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Adipose Tissue -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80440822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Organochlorine+pesticides+and+polychlorinated+biphenyls+in+human+adipose+tissue.&rft.au=Kutz%2C+F+W%3BWood%2C+P+H%3BBottimore%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Kutz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=01795953&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative effects of hypoxia on behavioral thermoregulation in rats, hamsters, and mice. AN - 80439712; 1992812 AB - Recent studies using reptiles and other ectothermic species have shown that hypoxia lowers the set point for the control of body temperature. This is characterized by a preference for cooler ambient (Ta) and deep body temperatures (Tb) when placed in a temperature gradient. To elucidate the presence of this effect in mammals, the selected Ta and Tb of three rodent species (mouse, hamster, and rat) were measured while subjected to graded hypoxia in a temperature gradient. Individual animals were placed in the gradient for 30 min. Oxygen content of air entering the gradient was then reduced to a constant level for a period of 60 min by dilution with nitrogen. Tb was significantly reduced in all species at %O2 levels of 5.5-10%. Selected Ta was significantly reduced in the mouse at %O2 levels of 5.5 and 7.3%. Selected Ta of the hamster and rat were reduced slightly at %O2 levels of 5.8 and 7.4%, respectively; however, the effect was not statistically significant. To clarify the effects of hypoxia in these two species, the sample size of rat and hamster was increased to strengthen statistical analysis, and the animals were exposed for 60 min to %O2 levels of 7.4 and 6.7%, respectively. Both species exhibited a significant reduction in selected Ta during hypoxia concomitant with hypothermia. These data support the hypothesis that hypoxia lowers the set point for the control of body temperature in rodents. JF - The American journal of physiology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Fogelson, L AD - Neurotoxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/01// PY - 1991 DA - January 1991 SP - R120 EP - R125 VL - 260 IS - 1 Pt 2 SN - 0002-9513, 0002-9513 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Body Temperature -- physiology KW - Mice KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Cricetinae KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- physiology KW - Mice, Inbred Strains -- physiology KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Rats, Inbred F344 -- physiology KW - Hypoxia -- physiopathology KW - Mesocricetus -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80439712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.atitle=Comparative+effects+of+hypoxia+on+behavioral+thermoregulation+in+rats%2C+hamsters%2C+and+mice.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BFogelson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=260&rft.issue=1+Pt+2&rft.spage=R120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+physiology&rft.issn=00029513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of mutagenic urinary metabolites from 1-nitropyrene in germ-free and conventional rats: role of the gut flora. AN - 80420259; 1988167 AB - 1-Nitropyrene (NP), an environmental pollutant, a potent mutagen and an animal carcinogen, undergoes reduction, acetylation, ring-hydroxylation and conjugation in the rat in vivo to form mutagenic metabolites which are excreted in the urine. In order to investigate the role of the gut flora in the generation of these metabolites, germ-free rats of the AGUS strain, and conventional AGUS rats matched for sex and age, were injected i.p. with NP labelled with 14C. The germ-free rats excreted significantly less of the dose in urine than did the conventional rats. When urines were examined for mutagenicity with the Ames plate incorporation assay, the highest mutagenic activity was seen in the presence of S9 in 8-24 h urine from conventional rats. The conventional urines exceeded the germ-free urines by 10-fold in their content of 6-hydroxy-1-acetamidopyrene (NAAP-6-OH), previously identified as the predominant contributor to the mutagenicity of the urines of rats dosed with NP and excreted mainly as its beta-glucuronide conjugate. Conventional Charles River CD rats treated orally with D-glucaro-1,4-lactone, an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase activity, excreted somewhat less NP-derived 14C in their urines over 48 h than did matched untreated rats, and their 8-24 h urines contained less than half as much of the mutagenic NAAP-6-OH as was found in the urines of the control rats. These results indicate that the gut flora are necessarily involved in the formation of NAAP-6-OH, and that both nitroreduction and the hydrolysis of glucuronides released for enterohepatic recirculation are essential in generating mutagenic metabolites from NP. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Ball, L M AU - Rafter, J J AU - Gustafsson, J A AU - Gustafsson, B E AU - Kohan, M J AU - Lewtas, J AD - Genetic Bioassay Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/01// PY - 1991 DA - January 1991 SP - 1 EP - 5 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Pyrenes KW - saccharolactone KW - 7VD5U57BAB KW - Glucuronidase KW - EC 3.2.1.31 KW - Glucaric Acid KW - QLZ991V4A2 KW - 1-nitropyrene KW - TD1665I8Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Germ-Free Life KW - Glucaric Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Glucuronidase -- physiology KW - Male KW - Glucaric Acid -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Mutagens -- urine KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Intestines -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80420259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Formation+of+mutagenic+urinary+metabolites+from+1-nitropyrene+in+germ-free+and+conventional+rats%3A+role+of+the+gut+flora.&rft.au=Ball%2C+L+M%3BRafter%2C+J+J%3BGustafsson%2C+J+A%3BGustafsson%2C+B+E%3BKohan%2C+M+J%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status report of the International Programme on Chemical Safety's Collaborative Study on plant test systems. AN - 80416746; 1987455 JF - Mutation research AU - Sandhu, S S AU - de Serres, F J AU - Gopalan, H N AU - Grant, W F AU - Veleminsky, J AU - Becking, G C AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/01// PY - 1991 DA - January 1991 SP - 19 EP - 25 VL - 257 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - International Cooperation KW - Calibration KW - Pilot Projects KW - Mutation KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Plants KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80416746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Status+report+of+the+International+Programme+on+Chemical+Safety%27s+Collaborative+Study+on+plant+test+systems.&rft.au=Sandhu%2C+S+S%3Bde+Serres%2C+F+J%3BGopalan%2C+H+N%3BGrant%2C+W+F%3BVeleminsky%2C+J%3BBecking%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Sandhu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=257&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-21 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure of humans to ambient levels of ozone for 6.6 hours causes cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. AN - 80371060; 1846079 AB - An acute (2 h) exposure of humans to 0.4 ppm ozone initiates biochemical changes in the lung that result in the production of components mediating inflammation and acute lung damage as well as components having the potential to lead to long-term effects such as fibrosis. However, many people are exposed to lower levels of ozone than this, but for periods of several hours. Therefore, it is important to determine if a prolonged exposure to low levels of ozone is also capable of causing cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. Nonsmoking males were randomly exposed to filtered air and either 0.10 ppm ozone or 0.08 ppm ozone for 6.6 h with moderate exercise (40 liters/min). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 18 h after each exposure, and cells and fluid were analyzed. The BAL fluid of volunteers exposed to 0.10 ppm ozone had significant increases in neutrophils (PMNs), protein, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), fibronectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared with BAL fluid from the same volunteers exposed to filtered air. In addition, there was a decrease in the ability of alveolar macrophages to phagocytize yeast via the complement receptor. Exposure to 0.08 ppm ozone resulted in significant increases in PMNs, PGE2, LDH, IL-6, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and decreased phagocytosis via the complement receptor. However, BAL fluid protein and fibronectin were no longer significantly elevated. We conclude that exposure of humans to as low a level as 0.08 ppm for 6.6 h is sufficient to initiate an inflammatory reaction in the lung. JF - American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology AU - Devlin, R B AU - McDonnell, W F AU - Mann, R AU - Becker, S AU - House, D E AU - Schreinemachers, D AU - Koren, H S AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991/01// PY - 1991 DA - January 1991 SP - 72 EP - 81 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1044-1549, 1044-1549 KW - Fibronectins KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Proteins KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Dinoprostone KW - K7Q1JQR04M KW - Index Medicus KW - Macrophages -- immunology KW - Cell Count KW - Humans KW - Interleukin-6 -- metabolism KW - Fibronectins -- metabolism KW - Candida albicans KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Neutrophils -- metabolism KW - Superoxides -- metabolism KW - Dinoprostone -- metabolism KW - Adult KW - Phagocytosis KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Macrophages -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- metabolism KW - Lung -- cytology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Ozone -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80371060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Exposure+of+humans+to+ambient+levels+of+ozone+for+6.6+hours+causes+cellular+and+biochemical+changes+in+the+lung.&rft.au=Devlin%2C+R+B%3BMcDonnell%2C+W+F%3BMann%2C+R%3BBecker%2C+S%3BHouse%2C+D+E%3BSchreinemachers%2C+D%3BKoren%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Devlin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10441549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-20 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-dependent Changes of Markers Associated with Inflammation in the Lungs of Humans Exposed to Ambient Levels of Ozone* super(1,2) AN - 755137717; 13645444 AB - Acute exposure of humans to 0.4 ppm ozone results in reversible respiratory function decrements, and cellular and biochemical changes leading to the production of substances which can mediate inflammation and acute lung injury. While pulmonary function decrements occur almost immediately after ozone exposure, it is not known how quickly the cellular and biochemical changes indicative of inflammation occur in humans. Changes in neutrophils and PGE sub(2) have been observed in humans as early as 3 hr (28) and as late as 18 hr post exposure (19). The purpose of this study was to determine whether inflammatory changes occur relatively rapidly (within 1 hr) following exposure to ozone, or if the cascade of events which are initiated by ozone and lead to inflammation, take some time to develop. We exposed 10 healthy volunteers twice: once to filtered air and once to 0.4 ppm ozone. Each exposure lasted for 2 hr at an exercise level of 60 L/min, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 1 hr following exposure. The data from this study were compared to those from a previous study in which 10 subjects were exposed to O sub(3) under identical conditions except that bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 18 hr following exposure. The results of the present study demonstrate that O sub(3) is capable of inducing rapid cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. These changes were detectable as early as 1 hr following a 2 hr exposure of humans to ozone. The profiles of these changes were different at 1 hr and 18 hr following ozone exposures. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid had levels of neutrophils, IL-6, and prostaglandin E sub(2) that were higher at 1 hr than at 18 hr post exposure. On the other hand, the levels of fibronectin and plasminogen activator were found to be higher at 18 hr than at 1 hr after ozone exposure. A temporal association appeared to exist between changes occurring in the biochemical markers and alterations in lung function. Further studies may be useful in determining if a causal relationship exists between these parameters. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Koren, Hillel S AU - Devlin, Robert B AU - Becker, Susanne AU - Perez, Raphael AU - McDonnell, William F AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 406 EP - 411 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 19 IS - 4-1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755137717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Time-dependent+Changes+of+Markers+Associated+with+Inflammation+in+the+Lungs+of+Humans+Exposed+to+Ambient+Levels+of+Ozone*+super%281%2C2%29&rft.au=Koren%2C+Hillel+S%3BDevlin%2C+Robert+B%3BBecker%2C+Susanne%3BPerez%2C+Raphael%3BMcDonnell%2C+William+F&rft.aulast=Koren&rft.aufirst=Hillel&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4-1&rft.spage=406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339101900409 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339101900409 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particulate air pollution and daily mortality: a synthesis. AN - 72774987; 1844282 AB - Episodes of high concentrations of particulate-based fog were associated with substantial increases in daily mortality earlier in this century. The sharp rise and fall of mortality with equally dramatic changes in air pollution left little doubt about causality. Other studies have shown associations of daily fluctuations in particulate-based air pollution and daily mortality in long time series. These associations continued to quite low concentrations of air pollution, although the optical-based measures do not readily allow direct comparisons with current pollution measurement techniques. This paper reports the results of seven studies examining the relationship between gravimetrically measured airborne particles and daily mortality. In Poisson regressions controlling for weather, time trends, and serial correlation, TSP or PM10 were significantly associated with daily mortality. The association with particles was independent of SO2, but not vice versa. The similarity of the regression coefficients among the studies was striking, and suggests that a 100 micrograms/m3 increase in daily TSP concentrations is associated with about a 6% increase in mortality. The same coefficient also suffices to explain the more than two-fold increase in mortality in London in 1952. The use of covariate adjusted quintile plots showed no evidence of a threshold down to concentrations of 40 micrograms/m3 or less. The relationship was significant in St. Louis, where daily concentrations of PM10 never exceeded 97 micrograms/m3. Given the similar results in all six studies, and the strong associations recently reported between particles and morbidity, the association is likely causal. JF - Public health reviews AU - Schwartz, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. PY - 1991 SP - 39 EP - 60 VL - 19 IS - 1-4 SN - 0301-0422, 0301-0422 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Sulfur Dioxide KW - 0UZA3422Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - London -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Sulfur Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72774987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reviews&rft.atitle=Particulate+air+pollution+and+daily+mortality%3A+a+synthesis.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reviews&rft.issn=03010422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models in risk and exposure assessment. AN - 72754185; 1820732 AB - Pharmacokinetic non-linearities occur between different doses and between different species. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are accurate tools for taking these non-linearities into account. Dichloromethane and perchloroethylene are two examples discussed in this paper. For dichloromethane the pharmacokinetic non-linearity factor results in a greater delivered dose than would be predicted from linear relationships as the dose increases. For perchloroethylene the opposite holds true. In addition a brief illustration of the use of pharmacokinetic models as tools for interpreting biomarker data is provided. JF - Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita AU - Blancato, J N AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 601 EP - 608 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0021-2571, 0021-2571 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - TJ904HH8SN KW - Index Medicus KW - Tetrachloroethylene -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animals KW - Methylene Chloride -- toxicity KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Biotransformation KW - Risk Factors KW - Methylene Chloride -- pharmacokinetics KW - Mice KW - Tetrachloroethylene -- toxicity KW - Species Specificity KW - Models, Biological KW - Pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72754185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annali+dell%27Istituto+superiore+di+sanita&rft.atitle=Physiologically-based+pharmacokinetic+models+in+risk+and+exposure+assessment.&rft.au=Blancato%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Blancato&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annali+dell%27Istituto+superiore+di+sanita&rft.issn=00212571&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality assurance/quality control procedures for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls. AN - 72749972; 1817095 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Mitchum, R K AU - Donnelly, J R AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 161 EP - 174 IS - 108 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Quality Control KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Benzofurans -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72749972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Quality+assurance%2Fquality+control+procedures+for+the+determination+of+polychlorinated+dibenzodioxins%2C+dibenzofurans+and+biphenyls.&rft.au=Mitchum%2C+R+K%3BDonnelly%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Mitchum&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=108&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-07 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of air pollutants indoors: VOC and fine particulate species. AN - 72747052; 1824310 AB - The average concentrations of a large number of fine particle aerosol and VOC species measured in ten Boise, Idaho, residences in wintertime have been apportioned according to their contributions from all inside sources and all outside sources, regarded as two composite source categories. Air change rates for the residences were in the range 0.2-0.8 hr-1. None of the residences had obvious major indoor sources (smokers, woodburning appliances, etc.). The two category apportionment was accomplished through use of the single chamber mass balance indoor air quality model given by Dockery and Spengler. The method depends on the availability of average concentrations measured outside each residence during the same sampling periods used for the inside measurements, and on the ability to identify one or more species that have negligible indoor sources. Calculated infiltration factors (the indoor/outdoor ratio in the absence of indoor sources) for fine particle species averaged 0.5, and varied in a reasonably way with measured air change rates, essentially independent of species. Infiltration factors for the VOCs were indistinguishable from unity. The relative importance of indoor and outdoor sources to measured indoor concentrations showed great variation between species and between residences. In most homes the indoor source contribution was dominant for fine particle Si, Ca, and Fe, while the infiltration contribution was dominant for S, K, Pb, Zn, mass, and extractable organic matter. Indoor contributions to individual VOCs were frequently very large at a few residences and negligible at the others. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Lewis, C W AD - Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991/01// PY - 1991 DA - January 1991 SP - 31 EP - 44 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Index Medicus KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72747052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Sources+of+air+pollutants+indoors%3A+VOC+and+fine+particulate+species.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-dependent changes of markers associated with inflammation in the lungs of humans exposed to ambient levels of ozone. AN - 72723752; 1813985 AB - Acute exposure of humans to 0.4 ppm ozone results in reversible respiratory function decrements, and cellular and biochemical changes leading to the production of substances which can mediate inflammation and acute lung injury. While pulmonary function decrements occur almost immediately after ozone exposure, it is not known how quickly the cellular and biochemical changes indicative of inflammation occur in humans. Changes in neutrophils and PGE2 have been observed in humans as early as 3 hr (28) and as late as 18 hr post exposure (19). The purpose of this study was to determine whether inflammatory changes occur relatively rapidly (within 1 hr) following exposure to ozone, or if the cascade of events which are initiated by ozone and lead to inflammation, take some time to develop. We exposed 10 healthy volunteers twice: once to filtered air and once to 0.4 ppm ozone. Each exposure lasted for 2 hr at an exercise level of 60 L/min, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 1 hr following exposure. The data from this study were compared to those from a previous study in which 10 subjects were exposed to O3 under identical conditions except that bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 18 hr following exposure. The results of the present study demonstrate that O3 is capable of inducing rapid cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. These changes were detectable as early as 1 hr following a 2 hr exposure of humans to ozone. The profiles of these changes were different at 1 hr and 18 hr following ozone exposures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Koren, H S AU - Devlin, R B AU - Becker, S AU - Perez, R AU - McDonnell, W F AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 406 EP - 411 VL - 19 IS - 4 Pt 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Thromboplastin KW - 9035-58-9 KW - Dinoprostone KW - K7Q1JQR04M KW - Index Medicus KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Interleukin-6 -- analysis KW - Dinoprostone -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Thromboplastin -- analysis KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72723752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Time-dependent+changes+of+markers+associated+with+inflammation+in+the+lungs+of+humans+exposed+to+ambient+levels+of+ozone.&rft.au=Koren%2C+H+S%3BDevlin%2C+R+B%3BBecker%2C+S%3BPerez%2C+R%3BMcDonnell%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Koren&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4+Pt+1&rft.spage=406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo and in vitro structure-dosimetry-activity relationships of substituted phenols in developmental toxicity assays. AN - 72699478; 1807560 AB - Structure-dosimetry-activity relationships (SDARs) of a series of substituted phenols were evaluated following exposure of gestation day 11 rats in vivo and in comparable stage embryos in vitro. In the in vivo study, 27 congeners were assayed and log P (a term used synomously with lipophilicity in this paper) and Hammett sigma values (a measure of the electronic withdrawing ability of the substituent) were shown to correlate with maternal toxicity; however, no relationships between these parameters and developmental effects were observed. In the in vitro system, 13 congeners were evaluated and molar refractivity and/or lipophilicity were shown to correlate with the ability of the phenols to induce embryonic growth retardation and structural defects in the absence of the hepatocytes. In contrast, when a metabolic activating system (primary hepatocytes) was present in the in vitro system, the potential to induce growth retardation was inversely related to lipophilicity, although the relationships were weaker than the positive relationship seen without the hepatocytes. The binding of the phenols to macromolecules in the culture medium was highly correlated with log P. Correcting the in vitro potency data for the variable amount of binding improved the predictiveness of the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). The potential to induce embryotoxicity in vitro was not well correlated with the potential to induce developmental toxicity in vivo: whereas the in vitro data demonstrates that the phenols are intrinsically embryotoxic, few of them actually produced significant developmental toxicity in the in vivo system, and there were few positive correlations between effects observed in the two systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Kavlock, R J AU - Oglesby, L A AU - Hall, L L AU - Fisher, H L AU - Copeland, F AU - Logsdon, T AU - Ebron-McCoy, M AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 255 EP - 258 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Phenols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Pregnancy KW - Phenols -- metabolism KW - Phenols -- chemistry KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72699478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=In+vivo+and+in+vitro+structure-dosimetry-activity+relationships+of+substituted+phenols+in+developmental+toxicity+assays.&rft.au=Kavlock%2C+R+J%3BOglesby%2C+L+A%3BHall%2C+L+L%3BFisher%2C+H+L%3BCopeland%2C+F%3BLogsdon%2C+T%3BEbron-McCoy%2C+M&rft.aulast=Kavlock&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-15 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA strand breaks induced in cultured human and rodent cells by chlorohydroxyfuranones--mutagens isolated from drinking water. AN - 72669472; 1686674 AB - Chlorohydroxyfuranones, by-products of chlorine disinfection and drinking water contaminants, are shown to produce DNA strand breaks in human and rodent cells. One chlorohydroxyfuranone, 3-chloro-4-dichloromethyl-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX), a potent bacterial mutagen, induces 232 +/- 89 DNA strand breaks.(cell-microM)-1 in human CCRF-CEM cells over a concentration range of 4.4 to 220 microM. This constitutes a DNA damage potency comparable to dimethylsulfate (DMS). By comparison, 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MA), another chlorohydroxyfuranone which is approximately four orders of magnitude less mutagenic than MX in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100, is only about tenfold less potent as an inducer of DNA strand breaks in these cells, i.e., 18.2 +/- 3.1 strand breaks.(cell-microM)-1. The DNA strand-breaking potential of MX is inactivated by prior incubation with a rat liver S9 homogenate. In addition, both chlorohydroxyfuranones are ineffective at producing DNA strand breaks in primary rate hepatocytes (PRH) at concentrations below those which produce cytotoxicity as assessed by release of the cellular enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Prior treatment of the PRH with 750 microM diethyl maleate, a glutathione-depleting agent, did not enhance the cytotoxicity nor the DNA strand-breaking potential of either chlorohydroxyfuranone. This could indicate that glutathione-glutathione-S-transferase is not an important mechanism for the detoxification of these compounds in PRH. JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - Chang, L W AU - Daniel, F B AU - DeAngelo, A B AD - Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology Branch, Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 103 EP - 114 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Furans KW - 0 KW - Maleates KW - Mutagens KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 3,4-(dichloro)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone KW - 766-40-5 KW - 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone KW - 77439-76-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - diethyl maleate KW - AK5N1DQX7U KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Maleates -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Glutathione -- physiology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Biotransformation -- drug effects KW - Furans -- pharmacology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- pharmacology KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Furans -- isolation & purification KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72669472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=DNA+strand+breaks+induced+in+cultured+human+and+rodent+cells+by+chlorohydroxyfuranones--mutagens+isolated+from+drinking+water.&rft.au=Chang%2C+L+W%3BDaniel%2C+F+B%3BDeAngelo%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene probe for P0 messenger RNA used to index acrylamide toxic neuropathy in rats. AN - 72661046; 1724557 AB - Cumulative exposure to the neurotoxicant acrylamide produces axonal damage in the distal ends of both central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nerve fibers and subsequent hind-limb paralysis. The messenger RNA which codes for the PNS myelin glycoprotein P0 (P0-mRNA) was used to monitor this toxic neuropathy in Sprague Dawley rats prior to, concurrent with, and subsequent to, ultrastructurally and immunocytochemically defined nerve damage. Rats were dosed every other day with acrylamide (50 mg/kg, IP) and sampled intermittently throughout a 4 week exposure period. Slot blot and Northern gel analyses of the proximal and distal sciatic nerve were used to determine a quantitated measure of P0-mRNA. Twenty-four hours after the first treatment, in the absence of ultrastructural damage, P0-mRNA increased 55% over control levels in the distal sciatic nerve. After 12 treatments, and concomitant with the appearance of spinal cord and PNS neuropathic damage and hindlimb dysfunction, P0-mRNA decreased 45% below control levels. Levels of P0-mRNA from rats exposed to 12 treatments of acrylamide but allowed to recover for 40 days, returned to 79% of control values to reflect the regeneration and remyelination occurring in the distal sciatic nerve. In spite of these fluctuations in levels of P0-mRNA, immunocytochemical staining of P0 protein in plastic sections of the distal sciatic nerve was present throughout all sample times. These results suggest that changes in neural specific mRNAs are sensitive to neurotoxic damage and can be used to monitor the pathogenesis of nerve degeneration. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Veronesi, B AU - Jones, K AU - Gupta, S AU - Pringle, J AU - Mezei, C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Neurotoxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 715 EP - 732 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Acrylamides KW - 0 KW - DNA Probes KW - Glycoproteins KW - Myelin P0 Protein KW - Myelin Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Acrylamide KW - 20R035KLCI KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Nerve Regeneration -- physiology KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - Male KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques KW - Axons -- drug effects KW - Acrylamides -- toxicity KW - Myelin Sheath -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Peripheral Nerves -- drug effects KW - Myelin Proteins -- genetics KW - Glycoproteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72661046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Gene+probe+for+P0+messenger+RNA+used+to+index+acrylamide+toxic+neuropathy+in+rats.&rft.au=Veronesi%2C+B%3BJones%2C+K%3BGupta%2C+S%3BPringle%2C+J%3BMezei%2C+C&rft.aulast=Veronesi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spongiosis hepatis: chemical induction, pathogenesis, and possible neoplastic fate in a teleost fish model. AN - 72628605; 1780641 AB - Spongiosis hepatis (SH), first reported as a distinct lesion associated with certain forms of hepatic neoplasia in rats, has also been induced with chemicals, in a predictable fashion, in small teleost fishes being studied as carcinogenesis research models. The sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), exposed to N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA) in sea water, provided the model for this study. The fish developed SH and presented a spectrum of developmental or progressive stages of the lesion over a 140 week holding period following a 6 week exposure to / 57 mg/L DENA. The origin of SH in the fish model is homologous to that in the rat model, both species having the perisinusoidal cell (stellate cells of Ito) in the space of Disse as the cell of origin. Light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) studies characterized the different pathogenetic stages of SH in liver of the sheepshead minnow and revealed a possible late transition of SH to putative polymorphic cell neoplasms. The possible preneoplastic or neoplastic nature of SH from its time of origin in chemically exposed fish to time of appearance of associated presumptive neoplasms is discussed. SH may be a bioindicator of exposure to certain chemicals in some vertebrate species, from fishes to mammals. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Couch, J A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 237 EP - 250 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Diethylnitrosamine KW - 3IQ78TTX1A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cyprinidae KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Microscopy KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Edema -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- etiology KW - Liver Diseases -- pathology KW - Liver Diseases -- etiology KW - Edema -- pathology KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Edema -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72628605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Spongiosis+hepatis%3A+chemical+induction%2C+pathogenesis%2C+and+possible+neoplastic+fate+in+a+teleost+fish+model.&rft.au=Couch%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Couch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA use of in vivo germ cell mutagenicity data. AN - 72561961; 1748093 AB - The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) provides the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances (EPA, OTS) with the authority to regulate chemical use by requiring testing and use restrictions as appropriate to protect human health. Regulation on the basis of heritable mutation induction is specifically mentioned in the Test Rule section of the law and has also been pursued for new chemical substances. A tiered scheme of mutagenicity testing has been employed and recently revised to assess mutagenicity hazard. In vivo assay systems play key roles at all three levels in the scheme, beginning with the first level of determining intrinsic mutagenicity hazard. Once intrinsic mutagenicity has been identified, the revised scheme requires an assay or assays to assess chemical interaction with gonadal DNA. Finally, the scheme contains tests that permit risk assessment for a chemical. The recently-revised Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) mutagenicity testing requirements closely parallel those of OTS. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Cimino, M C AD - Office of Toxic Substances, Health and Environmental Review Division (TS-796), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 295 EP - 297 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Germ Cells -- drug effects KW - Translocation, Genetic KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72561961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=EPA+use+of+in+vivo+germ+cell+mutagenicity+data.&rft.au=Cimino%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Cimino&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workshop overview: new molecular techniques in genome analysis. AN - 72558983; 1748081 AB - An overview of the application of various molecular techniques to the analysis of genomic DNA is presented. For the analysis of small-scale changes, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), colony probe hybridization, mismatch hybridization, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) are providing information on mutations within prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes. For large-scale changes, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Southern blotting, multiplex PCR, hybridization of linked probes, and restriction enzyme mapping are permitting analysis of genomic alterations that are larger than point mutations but below the resolution of standard cytogenetic analysis. Many of these techniques, either alone or in combination, produce DNA that can be subjected to DNA sequence analysis, which provides the most detailed information regarding genomic changes. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Fuscoe, J C AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 222 EP - 223 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nucleic Acid Denaturation KW - Electrophoresis KW - Humans KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - DNA Mutational Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72558983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Workshop+overview%3A+new+molecular+techniques+in+genome+analysis.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BFuscoe%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced neurotoxicity of 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile following carbon tetrachloride pretreatment in the rat. AN - 72550773; 1745441 AB - The consequences of 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) exposure in animals merits attention both because of its unique neurotoxic effects and as a potential model compound of human dyskinetic disorders. An important question that remains to be determined is whether IDPN itself or a putative active metabolite is responsible for the neurotoxic actions of the chemical in vivo. The present work tested the hypothesis that IDPN must be metabolized by the liver to an active metabolite to become neurotoxic. Thus a reduction in IDPN neurotoxicity would be expected when liver function is compromised. Male Long-Evans rats were given ip injections of saline, 100 (IDPN1) or 200 (IDPN2) mg/kg of IDPN for three days. Half of the animals in each IDPN dose group received corn oil po and the other half 1 g/kg of the hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for three days, starting one day before IDPN administration. Body weights were obtained regularly after exposure. Horizontal and vertical motor activity, and acoustic startle response were monitored prior to, and 1,3,9 and 16 weeks after IDPN exposure. An observational rating score was obtained at 1, 3 and 9 weeks. Auditory thresholds for 5- and 40-kHz tones were estimated by reflex modification procedures at 10 weeks. Animals receiving IDPN2 alone displayed the overt behavioral signs characteristic of IDPN intoxication (postural disturbances, head dyskinesias, backward walking, circling, increased motor activity, and decreased startle response). They also showed weight loss, hyperactivity, a transient rearing deficit, decreased startle amplitudes and elevated auditory thresholds for low- and high-frequency tones. None of these symptoms were observed in the animals treated with CCl4 alone, and only a mild transient effect on the observational rating score was shown by the IDPN1 alone animals. In contrast, IDPN1/CCl4 resulted in the same or higher toxicity than the IDPN2 treatment. IDPN2/CCl4 resulted in severe toxicity (38% mortality over a two-week period) and enhanced body weight and behavioral effects compared to IDPN2 alone group. Impairment of xenobiotic biotransformation was confirmed by elevated pentobarbital sleeping time in animals under the same CCl4 dosing regimen. In conclusion, pretreatment with hepatotoxic dosages of CCl4 leads to increased toxicity of IDPN. This suggests that hepatic transformation of the chemical is not required for the manifestation of IDPN-induced neurotoxicity, but instead may be involved in the detoxification of this compound. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Llorens, J AU - Crofton, K M AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 583 EP - 594 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Nitriles KW - 0 KW - 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile KW - 3XP1CVU865 KW - Carbon Tetrachloride KW - CL2T97X0V0 KW - Pentobarbital KW - I4744080IR KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sleep -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- physiopathology KW - Nitriles -- toxicity KW - Carbon Tetrachloride -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72550773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+neurotoxicity+of+3%2C3%27-iminodipropionitrile+following+carbon+tetrachloride+pretreatment+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Llorens%2C+J%3BCrofton%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Llorens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human exposure assessment and public health. AN - 72487135; 1956939 AB - The scientific basis for public and private actions to ameliorate environmental health risks is the suspected or verified link between environmental exposures and human health effects. Exposure information is a key parameter, along with data on dose-response relationships, in determining which environmental health risks are unacceptable. Moreover, human exposures are the standard by which we judge the success of measures to prevent or reduce those risks that are deemed unacceptable. The concept of "total human exposure" has gained credence as a useful and viable framework by which to assess environmental exposures. It places exposures in the context of the continuum beginning with pollutant emissions to the environment and ending with human health consequences. The advent of biologic exposure markers, as well as effects and susceptibility markers, promises the opportunity to more accurately characterize total human exposures for environmental contaminants; thereby enhancing the quality of health risk assessments. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency plays a significant role in the validation, application, and interpretation of biologic markers, with a lesser but important role in their development. Because the Agency is involved in virtually all phases of the biologic markers issue, EPA scientists have identified important research questions and developed plans to address those questions over the next several years. The EPA is positioned to promote the science necessary to bring biologic markers to bear on environmental issues and to interpret the results for risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Sexton, K AD - Office of Health Research, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 455 EP - 466 VL - 372 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Health KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72487135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=Human+exposure+assessment+and+public+health.&rft.au=Sexton%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sexton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=372&rft.issue=&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Myelin basic protein-messenger RNA (MBP-mRNA) expression during triethyltin-induced myelin edema. AN - 72486317; 1720231 AB - Triethyltin (TET) is a neurotoxicant that produces severe but transient cerebral edema, characterized ultrastructurally by vacuolation of the intraperiod line of central nervous system (CNS) myelin. TET has been reported to depress levels of myelin basic protein (MBP), a protein thought to play a critical role in myelin compaction. In the present study, the genomic expression (i.e., mRNA) of MBP was monitored throughout the pathogenesis of TET-induced myelin edema and recovery in Sprague-Dawley rats given a single injection of a neuropathic (8.0 mg/kg) or non-neuropathic (0.8 mg/kg) dose of TET-bromide. Levels of MBP-mRNA from the anterior and posterior brain were collected 1 hr, 3 hr, 2d, and 7d, postexposure. The optic nerve and caudal brainstem, representing anterior and posterior brain sites, respectively, were examined at the same time-points for ultrastructural evidence of edema and recovery. Our data indicate that neuropathic doses (8.0 mg/kg) of TET significantly stimulated MBP transcript throughout the brain at all exposure time-points. The magnitude and time-course of this stimulation differed in the anterior and posterior brain, with the latter region showing higher levels of MBP-mRNA. In the posterior brain, the highest levels of mRNA correlated with the appearance of edema in the caudal brainstem. In the anterior brain, MBP-mRNA levels were only marginally increased over controls. Ultrastructural evidence of myelin edema was confined to the brainstem in rats treated with neuropathic dose of TET. Intralamellar vacuolation appeared at 3 hr and 2d postexposure and could be correlated with peak levels of MBP transcript, whereas, recompacted myelin, which appeared by 7d postexposure, was associated with declining levels of the mRNA. Ultrastructural changes in the oligodendroglia were suggestive of metabolic stimulation and correlated with high MBP-mRNA levels. In summary, these data indicate that an initial genomic event in TET-induced myelin edema is stimulation of MBP transcript. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Veronesi, B AU - Jones, K AU - Gupta, S AU - Pringle, J AU - Mezei, C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, RTP, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 265 EP - 276 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - DNA Probes KW - 0 KW - Myelin Basic Protein KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Triethyltin Compounds KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- genetics KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Edema -- chemically induced KW - Myelin Basic Protein -- genetics KW - Edema -- metabolism KW - Edema -- genetics KW - Myelin Basic Protein -- metabolism KW - Myelin Sheath KW - Triethyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72486317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Myelin+basic+protein-messenger+RNA+%28MBP-mRNA%29+expression+during+triethyltin-induced+myelin+edema.&rft.au=Veronesi%2C+B%3BJones%2C+K%3BGupta%2C+S%3BPringle%2C+J%3BMezei%2C+C&rft.aulast=Veronesi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of methylazoxymethanol acetate in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and rat liver microsomes in Salmonella typhimurium His G46. AN - 72124603; 1915309 AB - Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) is the short-lived toxic and carcinogenic aglycone of cycasin, a natural component of the cycad plant. In the present study, the stable acetate ester of MAM, MAM acetate, was tested in combination with porcine liver esterase and Salmonella typhimurium His G46 to study the comparative mutagenicity of this compound in the presence of rat hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and rat liver microsomes. In the presence of rat liver microsomes and an NADPH-generating system, mutagenicity of MAM acetate was not significantly altered. However, addition of rat liver 105,000g supernatant fraction and/or NAD+ significantly increased the number of his+ revertants above control. A concentration-dependent increase in mutagenicity of MAM acetate was observed for NAD+ from 50 to 200 microM, while NADP+ caused a decrease in mutagenicity of MAM acetate in this same concentration range. Pyrazole (100-500 microM) had no significant effect on mutagenicity of MAM acetate in the presence of rat liver 105,000g supernatant, while disulfiram at 500 microM resulted in a significant decrease in mutagenicity of MAM acetate. The results of this study implicate ALDH as essential in activation of MAM acetate to a mutagenic species in this system, while the role of ADH and microsomes appears to be minimal. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - McMahon, T F AU - Cunningham, M L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 151 EP - 156 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Pyrazoles KW - NAD KW - 0U46U6E8UK KW - pyrazole KW - 3QD5KJZ7ZJ KW - NADP KW - 53-59-8 KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate KW - 592-62-1 KW - Alcohol Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.1 KW - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.2.1.3 KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Disulfiram KW - TR3MLJ1UAI KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Cytosol -- metabolism KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - NADP -- metabolism KW - Disulfiram -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - NAD -- metabolism KW - Pyrazoles -- pharmacology KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Biotransformation KW - Kinetics KW - Male KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Alcohol Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72124603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+methylazoxymethanol+acetate+in+the+presence+of+alcohol+dehydrogenase%2C+aldehyde+dehydrogenase%2C+and+rat+liver+microsomes+in+Salmonella+typhimurium+His+G46.&rft.au=McMahon%2C+T+F%3BCunningham%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-11-13 N1 - Date created - 1991-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-related changes in receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in various regions of rat brain. AN - 72087505; 1653884 AB - The effects of age on cholinergic markers and receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis was examined in the frontal cortex and striatum of male Fischer-344 rats. Choline acetyltransferase activity was decreased 27% in the striatum of aged (24 month) rats compared to young (3 month) controls. Muscarinic receptor density as measured by [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate binding showed a similar 26% decrease in the striatum of aged rats. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis was measured by the release of inositol phosphate (IP) from tissue slices prelabeled with [3H]myoinositol in response to carbachol, norepinephrine, and quisqualate. In the cortex, stimulated IP release was significantly greater in slices from aged rats compared to young rats for all three agonists. In contrast, stimulated IP release was significantly decreased in striatal slices from aged rats compared to young for all three agonists. These data indicate a differential effect of age on agonist-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the cortex and striatum. The decreased responsiveness in the latter area may result from the age-related loss of postsynaptic receptors. JF - Life sciences AU - Mundy, W AU - Tandon, P AU - Ali, S AU - Tilson, H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Neurotoxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - PL97 EP - P102 VL - 49 IS - 14 SN - 0024-3205, 0024-3205 KW - Inositol Phosphates KW - 0 KW - Phosphatidylinositols KW - Receptors, Muscarinic KW - Quisqualic Acid KW - 8OC22C1B99 KW - Carbachol KW - 8Y164V895Y KW - Choline O-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.6 KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Cerebral Cortex -- metabolism KW - Inositol Phosphates -- metabolism KW - Norepinephrine -- pharmacology KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Choline O-Acetyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Quisqualic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Carbachol -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Phosphatidylinositols -- metabolism KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72087505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life+sciences&rft.atitle=Age-related+changes+in+receptor-mediated+phosphoinositide+hydrolysis+in+various+regions+of+rat+brain.&rft.au=Mundy%2C+W%3BTandon%2C+P%3BAli%2C+S%3BTilson%2C+H&rft.aulast=Mundy&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=PL97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Life+sciences&rft.issn=00243205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-10-17 N1 - Date created - 1991-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FLEX; an expert system for reviewing the chemical resistance of flexible membrane liners for waste management AN - 52457673; 1999-049316 AB - A computerized, expert system (Flexible Liner Evaluation eXpert, FLEX) has been developed that will assess the chemical resistance of flexible membrane liners (FML) used at waste management facilities. These FML's must be chemically resistant to the waste, its leachates, or both. To demonstrate chemical resistancy, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) requires the use of Method 9090, wherein the physical properties of the FML are evaluated after various exposure times. After the Method 9090 data are assembled, a reviewer is then responsible for assessing the data and reaching a conclusion about the probability that a proposed FML material will be resistant to the waste/leachate. Knowledgeable judgments as to the chemical resistance of FML require a multitude of considerations--considerations whose interrelationships can only be understood, if at all, by persons having a combination of theoretical and practical experience in chemistry, polymer science, waste site construction, etc. Because such knowledge is not generally available within the USEPA, a computerized, expert system was sought to provide guidance in the review of Method 9090 data. Several FML experts were interviewed to capture the thought processes they used when assessing the chemical resistance of liner materials. The liner materials of interest were high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and chorosulphonated polyethylene (CSPE). The results of these interviews were reduced to simple criteria or "rules" for chemical resistance that could be expressed in the form of a computer program. The resulting FLEX program has been Beta tested and is now undergoing final review before release to the public. This paper describes the development of the expert system, the BETA testing to verify the system, and experiences in using the system. The system is programmed to run on an IBM PC-XT, AT or 100% compatible, that has a minimum of 512K bytes of RAM, DOS version 2.0 or higher, a printer configured as system device C: with at least 1.5 megabytes of free space. JF - Environmental Geotechnology. Proceedings of the ... International Symposium AU - Landreth, Robert E A2 - Fang, Hsai-Yang A2 - Pamukcu, Sibel Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 174 EP - 182 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 2, Vol. 2 KW - FLEX KW - waste management KW - expert systems KW - physicochemical properties KW - industrial waste KW - chemical waste KW - waste disposal KW - polymers KW - disposal barriers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52457673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geotechnology.+Proceedings+of+the+...+International+Symposium&rft.atitle=FLEX%3B+an+expert+system+for+reviewing+the+chemical+resistance+of+flexible+membrane+liners+for+waste+management&rft.au=Landreth%2C+Robert+E&rft.aulast=Landreth&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=2%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=0932871186&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geotechnology.+Proceedings+of+the+...+International+Symposium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Second international symposium on Environmental geotechnology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04504 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical waste; disposal barriers; expert systems; FLEX; industrial waste; physicochemical properties; polymers; waste disposal; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ground penetrating radar for hazardous waste site investigations AN - 52411248; 2000-005139 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Vendl, Mark A AU - Daniels, Jeffrey J AU - Roberts, Roger L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 801 EP - 803 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 34 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - hazardous waste KW - water table KW - electrical properties KW - site exploration KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - geophysical methods KW - characterization KW - waste disposal sites KW - radar methods KW - waste disposal KW - ground water KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52411248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Ground+penetrating+radar+for+hazardous+waste+site+investigations&rft.au=Vendl%2C+Mark+A%3BDaniels%2C+Jeffrey+J%3BRoberts%2C+Roger+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Vendl&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Association of Engineering Geologists 34th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - characterization; electrical properties; geophysical methods; ground water; ground-penetrating radar; hazardous waste; radar methods; site exploration; waste disposal; waste disposal sites; water table ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tools for hazardous waste site management; electronic reporting and GIS AN - 51945326; 2003-065445 AB - EPA Region IV has developed a protocol and a system of programs which enable reporting of environmental data via electronic means. The expected effect of implementing this system is a reduction in the volume of paper reports which require handling by hazardous waste project officers, more thorough and timely analysis of such data, and more effective and timely response to environmental threats. Creation of a mechanism to electronically report and receive environmental monitoring data results in the need for simple tools to assist in analysis of that data. Menu-driven analytical applications, in ARC/INFO AML, were developed to assist hazardous waste project officers in processing the data. JF - Proceedings of the Annual ESRI User Conference AU - Strickland, Henry G AU - Mann, Phyllis G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 289 EP - 299 PB - Environmental Systems Research Institute, [Redlands, CA] VL - 11, Vol. 1 KW - hazardous waste KW - monitoring KW - graphic display KW - data processing KW - waste disposal sites KW - information management KW - data management KW - environmental management KW - computer programs KW - waste management KW - geographic information systems KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - waste disposal KW - data storage KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51945326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.atitle=Tools+for+hazardous+waste+site+management%3B+electronic+reporting+and+GIS&rft.au=Strickland%2C+Henry+G%3BMann%2C+Phyllis+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eleventh annual ESRI user conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03391 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; data bases; data management; data processing; data storage; environmental management; geographic information systems; graphic display; hazardous waste; information management; information systems; monitoring; waste disposal; waste disposal sites; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental risk based planning using GIS Region 6 Comparative Risk Project; evaluating ecological risk AN - 51944939; 2003-065451 AB - A GIS was used to support a systematic and quantitative assessment of ecological risk in U.S. EPA Region 6 (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas). The Region 6 Comparative Risk Project called for a ranking 22 environmental problems for ecological risk. An "Ecological Risk Index" (ERI) was formulated based on the area of impact and basic ecological functions. Ecoregions were adopted as a framework for integrating environmental and EPA program data and evaluating the ERI. Omernik (1987) has defined 25 distinct ecoregions for U.S. EPA Region 6. Each of the 22 problem areas was ranked according to its potential for ecological risk. Additionally, the method identified ecoregions with the highest risk. The results of this project will be used by the Region to set program priorities and to target regulatory activities towards "at-risk" geographic areas. JF - Proceedings of the Annual ESRI User Conference AU - Parrish, David AU - Langston, Carol AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 427 EP - 436 PB - Environmental Systems Research Institute, [Redlands, CA] VL - 11, Vol. 1 KW - United States KW - methods KW - water quality KW - irradiation KW - data acquisition KW - impact statements KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - waste disposal sites KW - global change KW - ecosystems KW - New Mexico KW - chemical waste KW - mineral resources KW - carbon dioxide KW - environmental management KW - ozone KW - geographic information systems KW - data bases KW - ecology KW - Louisiana KW - global warming KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - toxic materials KW - pollutants KW - regional planning KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - Texas KW - models KW - sea-level changes KW - organic compounds KW - Oklahoma KW - wetlands KW - industrial waste KW - coastal environment KW - risk assessment KW - information systems KW - waste disposal KW - water resources KW - land use KW - Arkansas KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51944939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.atitle=Environmental+risk+based+planning+using+GIS+Region+6+Comparative+Risk+Project%3B+evaluating+ecological+risk&rft.au=Parrish%2C+David%3BLangston%2C+Carol%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11%2C+Vol.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eleventh annual ESRI user conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03391 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arkansas; carbon dioxide; chemical waste; coastal environment; data acquisition; data bases; data processing; ecology; ecosystems; environmental management; geographic information systems; global change; global warming; government agencies; hydrology; impact statements; industrial waste; information systems; irradiation; land use; Louisiana; methods; mineral resources; models; New Mexico; Oklahoma; organic compounds; ozone; pollutants; pollution; regional planning; risk assessment; sea-level changes; soils; Texas; toxic materials; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; waste disposal; waste disposal sites; water quality; water resources; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ARC/INFO assistance with groundwater hazardous waste remediation AN - 51337622; 2003-068231 JF - Proceedings of the Annual ESRI User Conference AU - Downs, Wayne C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 45 PB - Environmental Systems Research Institute, [Redlands, CA] VL - 11, Vol. 2 KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - ArcGIS KW - graphic display KW - data processing KW - ArcInfo KW - Hardeman County Tennessee KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - models KW - environmental management KW - computer programs KW - geographic information systems KW - water treatment KW - Tennessee KW - data bases KW - information systems KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51337622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.atitle=ARC%2FINFO+assistance+with+groundwater+hazardous+waste+remediation&rft.au=Downs%2C+Wayne+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Downs&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11%2C+Vol.+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=1879102048&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+ESRI+User+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eleventh annual ESRI user conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03391 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ArcGIS; ArcInfo; computer programs; data bases; data processing; environmental management; geographic information systems; graphic display; ground water; Hardeman County Tennessee; hazardous waste; information systems; models; remediation; Tennessee; United States; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results of EPA's national pesticide survey AN - 50974904; 1993-025543 JF - Technical Publication Series - American Water Resources Association AU - Briskin, Jeanne S A2 - McWreath, Harry C. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 369 EP - 370 PB - American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, MD VL - 91-3 SN - 0731-9789, 0731-9789 KW - wells KW - United States KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - surveys KW - DRASTIC KW - pesticides KW - nitrate ion KW - water wells KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50974904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Results+of+EPA%27s+national+pesticide+survey&rft.au=Briskin%2C+Jeanne+S&rft.aulast=Briskin&rft.aufirst=Jeanne&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=91-3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Technical+Publication+Series+-+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=07319789&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 27th annual AWRA conference on Water management of river systems N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DRASTIC; drinking water; government agencies; ground water; nitrate ion; pesticides; surveys; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; United States; water wells; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of marsh plants for toxicity testing of water and sediment AN - 50974331; 1993-022495 JF - ASTM Special Technical Publication. STP AU - Walsh, Gerald E AU - Weber, David E AU - Simon, Tasha L AU - Brashers, Linda K AU - Moore, James C A2 - Gorsuch, Joseph W. A2 - Tower, William R. A2 - Lewis, Michael A. A2 - Wang, Wunchang Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 341 EP - 354 PB - American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA VL - 1115 SN - 0066-0558, 0066-0558 KW - water KW - Spartina alterniflora KW - Monocotyledoneae KW - Spermatophyta KW - Plantae KW - marshes KW - pollutants KW - herbicides KW - pollution KW - research KW - Echinochloa crusgalli crusgalli KW - mires KW - toxicity KW - wetlands KW - sediments KW - testing KW - Spartina KW - pesticides KW - Gramineae KW - Angiospermae KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50974331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.atitle=Use+of+marsh+plants+for+toxicity+testing+of+water+and+sediment&rft.au=Walsh%2C+Gerald+E%3BWeber%2C+David+E%3BSimon%2C+Tasha+L%3BBrashers%2C+Linda+K%3BMoore%2C+James+C&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=1115&rft.issue=&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=0803114222&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.issn=00660558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2nd symposium on Use of plants for toxicity assessment N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ASTTA8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Angiospermae; Echinochloa crusgalli crusgalli; Gramineae; herbicides; marshes; mires; Monocotyledoneae; pesticides; Plantae; pollutants; pollution; research; sediments; Spartina; Spartina alterniflora; Spermatophyta; testing; toxicity; water; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operational procedures for estimating bottom exchange rates AN - 50416919; 1992-049945 JF - Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering AU - Bedford, Keith W AU - Wai, Onyx W H AU - O'Neil, Sean T AU - Abdelrahman, Mohammed A2 - Shane, Richard M. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 79 EP - 84 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers. Hydraulics Division, New York, NY VL - 1991 SN - 1070-1559, 1070-1559 KW - models KW - waterways KW - velocity KW - channels KW - instruments KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50416919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydraulic+Engineering%3A+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference+on+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Operational+procedures+for+estimating+bottom+exchange+rates&rft.au=Bedford%2C+Keith+W%3BWai%2C+Onyx+W+H%3BO%27Neil%2C+Sean+T%3BAbdelrahman%2C+Mohammed&rft.aulast=Bedford&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=1991&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=0872628167&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydraulic+Engineering%3A+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference+on+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=10701559&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1991 national conference on Hydraulic engineering N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channels; instruments; models; velocity; waterways ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated use of a GIS and a 3-dimensional, finite-element model; San Gabriel Basin groundwater flow analyses AN - 50298646; 2003-040344 AB - The San Gabriel groundwater system is a 170-square-mile alluvial basin serving approximately one million people in Los Angeles County. Groundwater in this basin has been contaminated by volatile organic compounds, such as trichloroethene, tetrachloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, and other halogenated compounds. The contaminants have spread over about 20 percent of the basin and have penetrated to depths exceeding 800 feet. Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund), basinwide field investigations, analyses, and modeling have been undertaken to characterize the groundwater system and contaminant distribution, evaluate potential sources of contamination and evaluate remedial alternatives. Voluminous data comprising information on water quality, hydraulics, geology, geography, and demography have been incorporated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) data base. This has greatly simplified the use of a variety of analytical hydrogeologic techniques. The GIS is used both as a means of displaying information, and processing data used as input for non-GIS numerical methods. Hydrogeologic parameters used in three-dimensional, numerical models of groundwater flow and contaminant transport are easily viewed, modified, and processed in an automatic fashion. The results of numerical simulations are similarly manipulated to allow their interpretation to proceed in a very direct and efficient manner. The integration of the GIS data base with other computer-based analytical techniques is accomplished through the use of an assortment of pre- and post-processing programs. These programs are based on various languages and software including ARC/INFO, FORTRAN, DISSPLA, and DBASE. The primary modeling tool used in the CFEST (Coupled Fluid, Energy, and Solute Transport) code. CFEST allows coupled three-dimensional, transient simulations of both groundwater flow and contaminant transport in large systems using finite-element techniques. Initial development of the integrated GIS/CFEST system was done in support of the San Gabriel project, where there was a need to interpret the past, present, and future extent of groundwater contamination, and to comparatively evaluate a variety of clean-up methods. Subsequent applications of the system have allowed substantial refinement and enhancement, increasing its usefulness in almost any type of groundwater investigation. JF - International Conference/Workshop on Integrating Geographic Information Systems & Environmental Modeling AU - Harris, Jonathan AU - Gupta, Sumant AU - Woodside, Greg AU - Ziemba, Neil AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 EP - unpaginated PB - Clarion Harvest House, Boulder, CO VL - 1 KW - United States KW - San Gabriel Basin KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - water quality KW - ArcGIS KW - data processing KW - CFEST KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - fluid dynamics KW - ground water KW - California KW - finite element analysis KW - geographic information systems KW - movement KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Los Angeles County California KW - numerical models KW - three-dimensional models KW - Superfund KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution KW - ArcInfo KW - depth KW - carbon tetrachloride KW - models KW - computer programs KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - DBASE KW - volatile organic compounds KW - information systems KW - trichloroethylene KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50298646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference%2FWorkshop+on+Integrating+Geographic+Information+Systems+%26+Environmental+Modeling&rft.atitle=Integrated+use+of+a+GIS+and+a+3-dimensional%2C+finite-element+model%3B+San+Gabriel+Basin+groundwater+flow+analyses&rft.au=Harris%2C+Jonathan%3BGupta%2C+Sumant%3BWoodside%2C+Greg%3BZiemba%2C+Neil%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference%2FWorkshop+on+Integrating+Geographic+Information+Systems+%26+Environmental+Modeling&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - First international conference/workshop on Integrating geographic information systems and environmental modeling N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06205 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ArcGIS; ArcInfo; California; carbon tetrachloride; CFEST; chlorinated hydrocarbons; computer programs; data processing; DBASE; depth; finite element analysis; fluid dynamics; geographic information systems; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; information systems; Los Angeles County California; models; movement; numerical models; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; San Gabriel Basin; statistical analysis; Superfund; tetrachloroethylene; three-dimensional models; trichloroethylene; United States; volatile organic compounds; volatiles; water quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The RCRA process application to the General Electric facility AN - 50286293; 1994-003605 JF - Hydrological Science and Technology AU - Anderson, P A A2 - Moore, John E. A2 - Haitjema, Hendrik M. A2 - Zenone, Chester Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 205 EP - 212 PB - American Institute of Hydrology, St. Paul, MN VL - 7 IS - 1-4 SN - 0887-686X, 0887-686X KW - United States KW - soils KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - pollutants KW - sludge KW - General Electric KW - pollution KW - Eastern U.S. KW - dichloroethylene KW - tetrachloroethylene KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - fractures KW - organic compounds KW - movement KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - trichloroethylene KW - waste disposal KW - solid waste KW - storage KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50286293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=The+RCRA+process+application+to+the+General+Electric+facility&rft.au=Anderson%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0887686X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - USA/USSR joint conference on Environmental hydrology and hydrogeology N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - MN N1 - Document feature - sect., sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; dichloroethylene; Eastern U.S.; fractures; General Electric; ground water; halogenated hydrocarbons; movement; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sludge; soils; solid waste; storage; tetrachloroethylene; trichloroethylene; United States; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality trends of some public water supplies in Pennsylvania AN - 50281226; 1994-010433 JF - Northeastern Geology AU - Wilderman, Candie AU - Cole, Charles A AU - Nguyen, Quang The Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 177 EP - 190 PB - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Geology, Troy, NY VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0194-1453, 0194-1453 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - surface water KW - water management KW - pollution KW - ecosystems KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - alkalinity KW - Pennsylvania KW - interpretation KW - water resources KW - geochemistry KW - pH KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50281226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeastern+Geology&rft.atitle=Quality+trends+of+some+public+water+supplies+in+Pennsylvania&rft.au=Wilderman%2C+Candie%3BCole%2C+Charles+A%3BNguyen%2C+Quang+The&rft.aulast=Wilderman&rft.aufirst=Candie&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Northeastern+Geology&rft.issn=01941453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkalinity; aquifers; ecosystems; geochemistry; ground water; interpretation; Pennsylvania; pH; pollution; surface water; United States; water management; water quality; water resources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of petrographic procedures in the remediation of radioactively contaminated soils AN - 50122069; 1995-060353 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Neitheisel, James AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 120 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - Wayne New Jersey KW - isotopes KW - site exploration KW - Glen Ridge New Jersey KW - Th-232 KW - remediation KW - radioactive waste KW - radioactive isotopes KW - silica KW - movement KW - sediments KW - orthosilicates KW - composition KW - Maywood New Jersey KW - zircon group KW - soils KW - sand KW - alkaline earth metals KW - radium KW - clastic sediments KW - Superfund KW - pollutants KW - matrix KW - pollution KW - zircon KW - silt KW - FUSRAP KW - phosphates KW - illite KW - till KW - nesosilicates KW - physical properties KW - Montclair New Jersey KW - metals KW - thorium KW - petrography KW - monazite KW - sheet silicates KW - New Jersey KW - waste disposal KW - actinides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50122069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Application+of+petrographic+procedures+in+the+remediation+of+radioactively+contaminated+soils&rft.au=Neitheisel%2C+James%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Neitheisel&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1991 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; alkaline earth metals; clastic sediments; composition; FUSRAP; Glen Ridge New Jersey; illite; isotopes; matrix; Maywood New Jersey; metals; monazite; Montclair New Jersey; movement; nesosilicates; New Jersey; orthosilicates; petrography; phosphates; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; radioactive isotopes; radioactive waste; radium; remediation; sand; sediments; sheet silicates; silica; silicates; silt; site exploration; soils; Superfund; Th-232; thorium; till; United States; waste disposal; Wayne New Jersey; zircon; zircon group ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stratigraphy of Jurassic volcanic rocks within the eastern Mesozoic belt, northern Sierra Nevada, California AN - 50063931; 1996-016693 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Christe, Geoff AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 307 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Sierra Nevada KW - volcanic breccia KW - breccia KW - volcanic rocks KW - lava flows KW - Jurassic KW - igneous rocks KW - Mount Jura Sequence KW - Mountain Meadows Creek Sequence KW - Mesozoic KW - North Arm Indian Valley KW - California KW - pyroclastics KW - Kettle Rock Sequence KW - intrusions KW - Ward Creek Sequence KW - Taylor Lake KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Genesee River valley KW - Northern California KW - clastic rocks KW - 12:Stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50063931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Stratigraphy+of+Jurassic+volcanic+rocks+within+the+eastern+Mesozoic+belt%2C+northern+Sierra+Nevada%2C+California&rft.au=Christe%2C+Geoff%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Christe&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1991 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - breccia; California; clastic rocks; Genesee River valley; igneous rocks; intrusions; Jurassic; Kettle Rock Sequence; lava flows; Mesozoic; Mount Jura Sequence; Mountain Meadows Creek Sequence; North Arm Indian Valley; Northern California; pyroclastics; sedimentary rocks; Sierra Nevada; Taylor Lake; United States; volcanic breccia; volcanic rocks; Ward Creek Sequence ER - TY - CONF T1 - Long-range planning for water reuse in the city of Los Angeles AN - 25251610; 2001-34-002166 (CE); 0120942 (EN) AB - While new sources of affordable potable water for Los Angeles will likely decrease or be unavailable in the future, sources of readily usable reclaimed water will double over the next decade. For many non-potable uses (e.g., landscape irrigation, industrial cooling, toilet flushing), reclaimed water can replace potable water, thereby making equivalent volumes of potable water available. Groundwater recharge with reclaimed water can further augment potable water supplies in significant volumes. Quantitative goals for water reuse were derived by comparing projected water demands with predicted dependable supplies. These goals are to reuse 40, 70, and 80 percent of the total effluent by the years 2010, 2050, and 2090, respectively. In this planning study, several water reuse concepts were evaluated for near-, mid-, and long-term application. For the near-term, several immediately implementable water reuse projects are recommended, involving landscape irrigation, industrial cooling and groundwater recharge. For the mid-term, massive groundwater recharge in San Fernando Valley and in Central and West Coast Basins is recommended. For the long-term, potable reuse and/or groundwater recharge appear to be the best options. JF - WATER SCI TECHNOL AU - Sheikh, Bahman Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 11 EP - 17 PB - I W A PUBLISHING, Alliance House, 12 Caxton St, London, SW1H 0QS, UK, [mailto:publications@iwap.co.uk], [URL:http://www.iwapublishing.com] VL - 24 IS - 9 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Drinking water KW - Groundwater KW - Irrigation KW - Cooling KW - Landscapes KW - Water supply KW - Coastal environments KW - Marketing KW - Basins KW - Demand KW - Effluents KW - Equivalence KW - Valleys KW - Toilets KW - Flushing KW - EE 444:WATER RESOURCES KW - EE 453:WATER POLLUTION KW - EE 821:AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS KW - EE 403:URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25251610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Engineering+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Sheikh%2C+Bahman&rft.aulast=Sheikh&rft.aufirst=Bahman&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=0080418376&rft.btitle=Long-range+planning+for+water+reuse+in+the+city+of+Los+Angeles&rft.title=Long-range+planning+for+water+reuse+in+the+city+of+Los+Angeles&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Reference Artemia III for Marine Toxicological Studies AN - 19154863; 9211400 AB - ASTM Practice for Using Brine Shrimp Nauplii as Food for Test Animals in Aquatic Toxicology Tests (E 1203) suggests use of Reference Artemia as a reference standard for evaluating other batches of brine shrimp as food for organisms used in toxicology. In 1988, the US EPA was able to procure a 200-kg quantity of presumed high quality, small-sized Artemia cysts that had been homogeneously mixed and packaged for long-term storage. These cysts and hatched nauplii have now been characterized in terms of fatty acid profile, toxicant residues, biometrics, and ability to support good survival and growth of saltwater fish and survival and reproduction of saltwater mysids. These cysts have been approved for use as reference cysts and have been designated RAC III. The fatty acid profile of the RAC III includes a 20:5w3 level > 7%, which is in excess of the 5% minimum level recommended for marine fish and crustacean larvae. The size of the newly hatched nauplii is < 430 microm, which is in the low end of the normal size range (420 to 520 microm) for Artemia nauplii from various strains. Thus, they should be relatively easily ingested by marine fish larvae. Analyses of RAC III for metals, organophosphorus pesticides, chlorinated pesticides, and PCBs indicate no problems with toxicant residues. RAC III nauplii were evaluated as a food for marine fish and crustaceans in comparison to RAC II nauplii and a known poor quality Artemia. There were no statistical differences in survival and growth of sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) and inland silversides (Menidia beryllina) raised on RAC II and RAC III. Survival and reproduction of mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) raised for 25 days on RAC III were comparable to RAC II raised mysids. The availability of RAC III to US marine toxicologists will make it easier for them to comply with ASTM E 1203, and therefore help to assure the quality of the toxicological data that they generate. (See also W92-11379) (Author's abstract) JF - IN: Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Fourteenth Volume. STP 1124. ASTM, Philadelphia, PA. 1991. p 315-323, 7 tab, 18 ref. Cooperative Agreement No. CR-814721 between ERL-N and URI. AU - Collins, G B AU - Bengtson, DA AU - Moore, J C AD - Quality Assurance Research Div., Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Quality control KW - *Laboratory animals KW - *Toxicology KW - *Artemia KW - *Bioassay KW - *Water pollution effects KW - *Laboratory methods KW - Brine shrimp KW - Fatty acids KW - Pesticides KW - Organic compounds KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Minnows KW - Mysids KW - Heavy metals KW - *Toxicity KW - Ecotoxicology KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19154863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Reference+Artemia+III+for+Marine+Toxicological+Studies&rft.au=Collins%2C+G+B%3BBengtson%2C+DA%3BMoore%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA Strand Breaks Induced in Cultured Human and Rodent Cells by Chlorohydroxyfuranones, Mutagens Isolated from Drinking Water AN - 19151198; 9204268 AB - Chlorohydroxyfuranones, byproducts of chlorine disinfection and drinking water contaminants, produce DNA strand breaks in human and rodent cells. One chlorohydroxyfuranone, 3-chloro-4-dichloromethyl-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a potent bacterial mutagen, induces 232 strand breaks/cell-microM in human CCRF-CEM cells over a concentration range of 4.4 to 220 microM. This constitutes a DNA damage potency comparable to dimethylsulfate (DMA). By comparison, 3 ,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MA), another chlorohydroxyfuranone that is approximately 4 orders of magnitude less mutagenic than MX in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100, is only abut 10-fold less potent as an inducer of DNA strand breaks in these cells. The DNA strand-breaking potential of MX is inactivated by prior incubation with a rat liver S9 homogenate. In addition, both chlorohydroxyfuranones are ineffective at producing DNA strand breaks in primary rat hepatocytes (PRH) at concentrations below those that produce cytotoxicity as assessed by release of the cellular enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. Prior treatment of the PRH with 750 microM diethyl maleate, a glutathione-depleting agent, did not enhance the cytotoxicity nor the DNA strand-breaking potential of either chlorohydroxyfuranone. This could indicate that glutathione-glutathione-S-transferase is not an important mechanism for the detoxification of these compounds in PRH. (Author's abstract) JF - Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis TCMUD8, Vol. 11, No. 2, p 103-114, 1991. 4 fig, 5 tab, 27 ref. AU - Chang, L W AU - Daniel, F B AU - DeAngelo, AB AD - Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology Branch, Genetic Toxicology Division, Health Effects Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *DNA KW - *Disinfection KW - *Disinfection byproducts KW - *Furanones KW - *Genotoxicity KW - *Mutagens KW - *Water pollution effects KW - *Water treatment KW - Bioassay KW - Culturing techniques KW - Detoxification KW - Enzymes KW - Incubation KW - Liver KW - Rodents KW - Salmonella KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19151198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=DNA+Strand+Breaks+Induced+in+Cultured+Human+and+Rodent+Cells+by+Chlorohydroxyfuranones%2C+Mutagens+Isolated+from+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Chang%2C+L+W%3BDaniel%2C+F+B%3BDeAngelo%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Bioremediation on the Mutagenicity of Oil Spilled in Prince William Sound, Alaska AN - 19144004; 9210447 AB - On 24 March 1989 approximately 11 million gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude oil spilled into the waters of Prince William Sound, Alaska, ultimately contaminating nearly 1000 miles of shoreline. Approximately 300 miles of contaminated beach were considered amenable to cleanup by bioremediation. To determine whether or not bioremediation would be effective in this geophysical setting and under such climatic conditions and to identify potential deleterious effects, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted one of the world's largest in situ bioremediation field demonstration research projects. One of the methods used to assess potential health effects associated with this and similar efforts was the examination of mutagenicity associated with the oil spill and the products of bioremediation. Salmonella mutagenicity was assessed using a semi-automated plating device (spiral plater) that requires less sample than the standard assay. Both the Prudhoe Bay crude oil and its weathered counterpart collected from oil-impacted water were weakly mutagenic. The mutagenicity of samples collected from the contaminated beaches (undergoing both enhanced and natural bioremediation) declined over time. (Author's abstract) JF - Chemosphere CMSHAF, Vol. 23, No. 5, p 643-650, 1991. 3 fig, 21 ref. AU - Claxton, L D AU - Houk, V S AU - Williams, R AU - Kremer, F AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Alaska KW - *Bioremediation KW - *Cleanup KW - *Mutagenicity KW - *Oil spills KW - *Prince William Sound KW - *Site remediation KW - *Water pollution effects KW - Biodegradation KW - Cleanup operations KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Oil KW - Soil contamination KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19144004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Bioremediation+on+the+Mutagenicity+of+Oil+Spilled+in+Prince+William+Sound%2C+Alaska&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BHouk%2C+V+S%3BWilliams%2C+R%3BKremer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Relationships of Hg(II) Volatilization from a Freshwater Pond to the Abundance of mer Genes in the Gene Pool of the Indigenous Microbial Community AN - 19133151; 9210511 AB - The role of biological activities in the reduction and volatilization of Hg(II) from a polluted pond was investigated. Elemental mercury was evolved from pond water immediately following spiking with 203-Hg(NO3)2, whereas an acclimation period of 36 hours was required in control samples collected from a nearby, unpolluted river before the onset of volatilization. Genes encoding the bacterial mercuric reductase enzyme (mer genes) were abundant in DNA fractions extracted from biomass of the pond microbial community, but not in samples extracted from control communities. Thus, the evolution of Hg(o) was probably due to activities mediated by the bacterial mercuric reductase. Of four characterized mer operons, the system encoded by transposon 501 (mer(Tn501)) dominated and likely contributed to the majority of the observed Hg(II) volatilization. Thus, mer-mediated reduction and volatilization could be used to reduce Hg(II) concentrations in polluted waters , which would, in turn decrease the rate of methylmercury formation by limiting substrate availability. (Author's abstract) JF - Microbial Ecology MCBEBU, Vol. 21, No. 2, p 151-161, 1991. 3 fig , 1 tab, 35 ref. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-840R21400. AU - Barkay, T AU - Turner, R R AU - VandenBrook, A AU - Liebert, C AD - Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology Branch, Environmental Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Aquatic bacteria KW - *Bacterial physiology KW - *Genetics KW - *Mercury KW - *Water pollution effects KW - Acclimation KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Ecosystems KW - Ponds KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19133151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Relationships+of+Hg%28II%29+Volatilization+from+a+Freshwater+Pond+to+the+Abundance+of+mer+Genes+in+the+Gene+Pool+of+the+Indigenous+Microbial+Community&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T%3BTurner%2C+R+R%3BVandenBrook%2C+A%3BLiebert%2C+C&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in Diatom and Chrysophyte Assemblages and Inferred pH: Paleolimnological Studies of Big Moose Lake, New York, USA AN - 19124330; 9201381 AB - The variability in the composition of diatom and chrysophyte assemblages, and the pH inferred from these assemblages, were measured in sediment samples from Big Moose Lake, in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. Replicate samples were analyzed from: (1) a single sediment core interval; (2) 12 different intervals from each of 3 separate cores; and (3) 10 widely spaced surface sediment samples (0-1 cm). The variability associated with sample preparation (sub-sampling, processing, and counting) was relatively small compared to between-core and within-lake variability. The relative abundances of the dominant diatom taxa varied to a greater extent than those of the chrysophyte scale assemblages. Standard deviations of pH inferences for multiple counts from the same sediment interval were: 0.04 (n=8) pH unit from diatom; 0.06 (n=32) unit from chrysophyte; and 0.06 (n=8) unit from diatom plus chrysophyte. Stratigraphic analysis of diatoms and chrysophytes from three widely spaced pelagic sediment cores provided a similar record of lake acidification trends, although with slight differences in temporal rates of change. Average standard deviations of pH inferences from diatom, chrysophyte and diatom plus chrysophyte inference equations for eight sediment intervals representing similar time periods but in different cores were: 0.10 pH unit for diatom; 0.20 pH unit for chrysophytes; and 0.09 pH unit for diatom plus chrysophyte. These data support the assumption that a single sediment core can provide an accurate representation of historical change in a lake. The major sources of diatom variability in the surface sediments (i.e., top 11.0 cm) were: (1) differences in diatom assemblage contributions from benthic and littoral sources; and (2) the rapid change in assemblage composition with sediment depth, which is characteristic of recently acidified lakes. Standard deviations of pH inferences for 10 widely spaced surface sediment samples were: 0.21 pH unit for diatom; 0.09 pH unit for chrysophyte; and 0.16 pH unit for diatom plus chrysophyte. (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of Paleolimnology JOUPE8, Vol. 5, No. 3, p 267-284, 1991. 12 fig, 2 tab, 43 ref, 2 append. AU - Charles, D F AU - Dixit, S S AU - Cumming, B F AU - Smol, J P AD - Indiana Univ., c/o EPA Environmental Research Lab., 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Acid rain effects KW - *Big Moose Lake KW - *Chrysophytes KW - *Diatoms KW - *Hydrogen ion concentration KW - *Lake acidification KW - *Limnology KW - *Paleolimnology KW - *Water pollution effects KW - Historic data KW - New York KW - Plankton KW - Population dynamics KW - Species composition KW - Stratification KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19124330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Variability+in+Diatom+and+Chrysophyte+Assemblages+and+Inferred+pH%3A+Paleolimnological+Studies+of+Big+Moose+Lake%2C+New+York%2C+USA&rft.au=Charles%2C+D+F%3BDixit%2C+S+S%3BCumming%2C+B+F%3BSmol%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a Pulp Mill Effluent on the Population Dynamics of Perch, Perca fluviatilis AN - 19116823; 9108839 AB - The dynamics of a Baltic perch (Perca fluviatilis) population were studied in a bleached pulp mill effluent area on the Swedish coast. Recruitment was seriously affected, as larval and fry abundances were very low. Studies of spawning on artificial substrates demonstrated that sufficient numbers of eggs were deposited even in the most effluent-exposed parts of the study area. No increased egg mortality was noted, but at the stage close to hatching about 10% of the embryos were observed to be malformed, generally having sharp bends in the posterior part of the spinal cord. Exposed embryos were generally smaller than reference fishes, both when length and weight data were compared. Larval samplings provided evidence for high mortality at or very close to hatching. Food and feeding conditions appeared to be of little importance for mortality. Two mortality causes were suggested: chronic failure of parental reproductive systems and/or acute toxicity to embryo or early larvae. (Author's abstract) JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences CJFSDX, Vol. 48, No. 1, p 28-34, January 1991. 4 fig, 4 tab, 11 ref. National Swedish Environmental Protection Board Grant 5327088-0. AU - Karas, P AU - Neuman, E AU - Sandstrom, O AD - National Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Coastal Water Laboratory, P.O. Box 584, S-740 71 Oregrund, Sweden Y1 - 1991/01// PY - 1991 DA - Jan 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fish KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Pulp wastes KW - Sweden KW - Water pollution effects KW - Acute toxicity KW - Effluents KW - Fish larvae KW - Fish populations KW - Perch KW - Population dynamics KW - Pulp and paper industry KW - Reproduction KW - Toxicity KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19116823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+Pulp+Mill+Effluent+on+the+Population+Dynamics+of+Perch%2C+Perca+fluviatilis&rft.au=Karas%2C+P%3BNeuman%2C+E%3BSandstrom%2C+O&rft.aulast=Karas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of Gastrointestinal Tract Nuclear Anomalies in B6C3F1 Mice by 3-Chloro-4-(Dichloromethyl)-5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-Furanone and 3,4-(Dichloro)-5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-Furanone, Mutagenic Byproducts of Chlorine Disinfection AN - 19104105; 9108175 AB - Two chlorinated hydroxylated furanones, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) and 3 ,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MA) are bacterial mutagens. They are also byproducts of chlorine disinfection, and frequent contaminants of drinking water. Groups of male B6C3F1 mice were given a single oral dose of 0.1 to 0.46 mmol/kg MX or 0.23 to 0.47 mmol/kg MA. MX induced nuclear anomalies in the gastrointestinal tract of the B6C3F1 mouse. The other chlorohydroxy furanone, MA, gaves suggestive evidence of activity. The duodenum was the most sensitive tissue, responding with both increased numbers of nuclear anomalies per mouse and increased incidence of animals presenting the nuclear aberrations 24 hours after a single oral dose of 0.37 mmol/kg of MX. MA also induced a significant increase in duodenal nuclear anomalies, but only at the highest dose (0.46 mmol/kg). The proximal colon and forestomach responded to MX but not to MA. MX was approximately equivalent in potency to epichlorohydrin (ECH) but was much less potent than methyl nitrosourea (MNU). The latter two chemicals are confirmed rodent gastrointestinal tract carcinogens. This is the first study demonstrating that chlorohydroxy furanones are capable of inducing nuclear toxicity in vivo. However, it is clear, for MX at least, that its potency in the gastrointestinal tract nuclear anomalies assay is not commensurate with its extreme bacterial mutagenicity. Since the gastrointestinal tract tissues are directly exposed to orally administered genotoxins, one possible explanation for the weak response observed in this study could be that mammalian cells can effectively detoxify chlorohydroxy furanones. (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis EMMUEG, Vol. 17, No. 1, p 32-39, 1991. 2 fig, 3 tab, 42 ref. AU - Daniel, F B AU - Olson, G R AU - Stober, JA AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, EPA, Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bioassay KW - Byproducts KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Chlorination KW - Disinfection KW - Drinking water KW - Furanones KW - Mutagenicity KW - Water treatment KW - Animal pathology KW - Animal tissues KW - Degradation products KW - Gastrointestinal tract KW - Mutagens KW - Path of pollutants KW - Toxicity KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19104105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Induction+of+Gastrointestinal+Tract+Nuclear+Anomalies+in+B6C3F1+Mice+by+3-Chloro-4-%28Dichloromethyl%29-5-Hydroxy-2%285H%29-Furanone+and+3%2C4-%28Dichloro%29-5-Hydroxy-2%285H%29-Furanone%2C+Mutagenic+Byproducts+of+Chlorine+Disinfection&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BOlson%2C+G+R%3BStober%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The stability of tropospheric OH during ice ages, inter-glacial epochs and modern times. AN - 16636047; 3021197 AB - Hydroxyl (OH) radicals remove many man-made and natural gases from the atmosphere and therefore play a key role in global tropospheric chemistry. Recent increases in CH sub(4) and CO have caused concern that the levels of OH may decrease, thus reducing the capacity of the atmosphere to remove and control man-made pollutants. We have calculated OH concentrations over a wide range of climatic conditions of examine its long term stability and do determine the major factors that may cause changes in its levels. We used a one-dimensional photochemical model, the concentrations of CH sub(4) and N sub(2)O from polar ice cores and the current understanding of the sources and sinks of CO, NO sub(y) and other gases involved in OH chemistry. We find that mean OH concentrations are stabilized against changes even though the climatic conditions and atmospheric trace gas composition change considerably between ice-ages, inter-glacial periods and the present. In these transitions, the more rapid destruction of OH from increased CH sub(4) and CO is compensated by increases in the production processes. Our calculations indicate that only a small part of the 5-fold increase of methane between the present and the peak of the last ice age, is due to changes in OH levels. JF - Tellus. Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology AU - Pinto, J P AD - Atmos. Res. and Exposure Assess. Lab., US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 347 EP - 352 VL - 43B IS - 5 SN - 0280-6509, 0280-6509 KW - stability KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - methane KW - atmosphere KW - air pollution control KW - troposphere KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16636047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tellus.+Series+B%3A+Chemical+and+Physical+Meteorology&rft.atitle=The+stability+of+tropospheric+OH+during+ice+ages%2C+inter-glacial+epochs+and+modern+times.&rft.au=Pinto%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Pinto&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=43B&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tellus.+Series+B%3A+Chemical+and+Physical+Meteorology&rft.issn=02806509&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; troposphere; methane; air pollution control; chemical analysis ER - TY - CONF T1 - Bass fishing in America: 1985. AN - 16625930; 3017286 AB - This paper presents estimates of the number of black bass (Micropterus ) anglers and days of fishing for black bass for the nation as a whole and for each of the 50 states. Sociodemographic characteristics of those who fish for black bass are compared with the U.S. population and with freshwater anglers in general in order to determine if there are systematic differences among these groups. Traditional sociodemographic characteristics are augmented by additional diversity, avidity and success variables. A conditional logit model of participation in black bass fishing is estimated and appropriate statistical tests are performed. JF - USDA FOREST SERV., WASHINGTON, DC (USA). 1991. AU - Grambsch, A E AU - Cooper, J L AU - Hamre, R H Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 PB - USDA FOREST SERV., WASHINGTON, DC (USA) KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - RM-207 KW - fishermen KW - sport fishing KW - USA KW - sport fishing statistics KW - population characteristics KW - Freshwater KW - Micropterus KW - Q1 08565:Policy, legislation and sociology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16625930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bass+fishing+in+America%3A+1985.&rft.au=Grambsch%2C+A+E%3BCooper%2C+J+L%3BHamre%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Grambsch&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaf photosynthetic and water relations responses for "valencia" orange trees exposed to oxidant air pollution. AN - 16607870; 3021085 AB - Leaf responses were measured to test a hypothesis that reduced photosynthetic capacity and/or altered water relations were associated with reductions in yield for "Valencia" orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.), Osbeck ) exposed to ambient oxidant air pollution. Exposures were continuous for 4 years to three levels of oxidants (in charcoal-filtered, half-filtered, and non-filtered air). Oxidants had no effect on net leaf photosynthetic rates or on photosynthetic pigment concentrations. A single set of measurements indicated that oxidants increased leaf starch concentrations (24%) prior to flowering, suggesting a change in photosynthate allocation. Leaves exposed to oxidants had small, but consistent, changes in water relations over the summer growing season, compared to trees growing in filtered air. Other changes included decreased stomatal conductance (12%) and transpiration (9%) rates, and increased water pressure potentials (5%). While all responses were subtle, their cumulative impact over 4 years indicated that "Valencia" orange trees were subject to increased ambient oxidant stress. JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany AU - Olszyk, D M AU - Takemoto, B K AU - Poe, M AD - U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 427 EP - 436 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0098-8472, 0098-8472 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - photosynthesis KW - Citrus sinensis KW - pollution effects KW - air pollution KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16607870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Leaf+photosynthetic+and+water+relations+responses+for+%22valencia%22+orange+trees+exposed+to+oxidant+air+pollution.&rft.au=Olszyk%2C+D+M%3BTakemoto%2C+B+K%3BPoe%2C+M&rft.aulast=Olszyk&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Experimental+Botany&rft.issn=00988472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus sinensis; air pollution; pollution effects; photosynthesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity of TCDD and related compounds: Species sensitivities and differences. AN - 16497720; 2945033 AB - The issue of the developmental toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related compounds has been the subject of two recent reviews. There is little doubt that TCDD is one of the most potent developmental toxins known, yet its production of frank structural malformations in species other than the mouse are poorly described. The objective of this paper is to address critically the roles that TCDD and its approximate isostereomers have in causing a wide array of developmental effects in various species, including some very recent results. The bias of this author is that the teratogenic response of the mouse is a reflection of extreme sensitivity of this species to the induction of frank teratogenic responses in two epithelial tissues; i.e., that the mouse is an outlier in the field of developmental toxicity, possibly in parallel to the exquisite sensitivity of the guinea pig versus the resistance of the hamster to the lethal effects of TCDD, or in the resistance of haired rodents to the induction of chloracne. JF - BANBURY REPORT. 1991. AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - Environ. Toxicol. Div., Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA A2 - Gallo, MA A2 - Scheuplein, RJ A2 - van der Heijden, KA (eds) Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 PB - COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY (USA) SN - 0198-0068, 0198-0068 KW - development KW - species differences KW - TCDD KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - toxicity KW - teratogenicity KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16497720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0879692359&rft.btitle=Developmental+toxicity+of+TCDD+and+related+compounds%3A+Species+sensitivities+and+differences.&rft.title=Developmental+toxicity+of+TCDD+and+related+compounds%3A+Species+sensitivities+and+differences.&rft.issn=01980068&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; reviews; teratogenicity; toxicity; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of nucleoside concentrations in blood of fish with and without tumors. AN - 16488738; 2936238 JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Kuehl, D W AU - Eisenschenk, L AU - Naumann, S AU - Johnson, R D AU - Regal, R AU - Barnidge, P AU - McKim, J Jr AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 713 EP - 719 VL - 46 IS - 5 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - biomarkers KW - concentration KW - disease detection KW - fish diseases KW - haematology KW - nucleoside concentration KW - nucleosides KW - toxicity testing KW - tumours KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Ictalurus melas KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Freshwater KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16488738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+nucleoside+concentrations+in+blood+of+fish+with+and+without+tumors.&rft.au=Kuehl%2C+D+W%3BEisenschenk%2C+L%3BNaumann%2C+S%3BJohnson%2C+R+D%3BRegal%2C+R%3BBarnidge%2C+P%3BMcKim%2C+J+Jr&rft.aulast=Kuehl&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - haematology; tumours; fish diseases; disease detection; biomarkers; toxicity testing; concentration; Ictalurus melas; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting chemical accumulation in shoots of aquatic plants. AN - 16385343; 2876708 AB - Chemical exchange dynamics expected for diffusive transfer of a chemical between aqueous solution and plant shoots, and expected bioconcentration based on partitioning properties of the chemical, are explored by using a three-compartment model. The model utilizes three dynamic compartments - leaves, stems, and aqueous exposure medium. The model was parameterized for three species of aquatic plants (Myriophyllum spicatum, Bacopa caroliniana , and Hydrilla verticillata ) and two chlorinated benzenes (1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB)). Predictions of uptake and bioconcentration are compared to results of static laboratory studies conducted with whole shoots of the three species over exposure periods ranging from 1 h to 21 d. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Wolf, S D AU - Lassiter, R R AU - Wooten, SE AD - Technol. Applic., c/o U.S. EPA, College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30613-7799, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 665 EP - 680 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - chemical pollutants KW - prediction KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical pollution KW - Myriophyllum spicatum KW - aquatic plants KW - mathematical models KW - sediment pollution KW - Freshwater KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - bioaccumulation KW - Bacopa caroliniana KW - water pollution KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16385343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Predicting+chemical+accumulation+in+shoots+of+aquatic+plants.&rft.au=Wolf%2C+S+D%3BLassiter%2C+R+R%3BWooten%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollution; chemical pollutants; aquatic plants; prediction; sediment pollution; mathematical models; water pollution; bioaccumulation; Bacopa caroliniana; Myriophyllum spicatum; Hydrilla verticillata; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Responding to eco-terrorism. AN - 16384340; 2868197 AB - Early this year, Iraq committed ecological terrorism in Kuwait. It deliberately spilled millions of barrels of oil into the Persian Gulf. It torched and sabotaged more than 500 Kuwaiti oil wells, storage tanks, and refineries. The January oil spill was the largest ever: an estimated six million barrels of oil, 25 times the 250,000 barrels from the Exxon Valdez that fouled Alaska's Prince William Sound. The oil fires started in mid-February were the worst the world has ever suffered: From three to six million barrels of oil went up in smoke each day at the peak of the fires. JF - EPA Journal AU - Popkin, R AD - EPA, Off. Communications and Public Affairs Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 23 EP - 26 VL - 17 IS - 3 KW - ecological crisis KW - military KW - military operations KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - environmental impact KW - oil spills KW - ISW, Kuwait KW - Kuwait KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16384340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=Responding+to+eco-terrorism.&rft.au=Popkin%2C+R&rft.aulast=Popkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - oil spills; environmental impact; ecological crisis; military operations; military; ISW, Kuwait; Kuwait; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Greenhouse effect and coastal wetland policy: How Americans could abandon an area the size of Massachusetts at minimum cost. AN - 16376000; 2861896 AB - Climatologists generally expect an anthropogenic global warming that could raise sea level 30-150 cm in the next century and more thereafter. One of the impacts would be the loss of coastal wetlands. Although the inundation of adjacent dryland would enable new wetlands to form, much of this land is or will soon be developed. If developed areas are protected, wetlands will be squeezed between an advancing sea and the land being protected, which has already happened in China and the Netherlands, where people have built dikes for centuries. Unlike those countries, the United States has enough land to accommodate the landward migration of wetlands; but governments lack the funds to purchase all the coastal lowlands that might be inundated and the legal authority to prohibit their development. We propose a third approach: allowing property owners to use coastal lowlands today as they choose, but setting up a legal mechanism to ensure that the land is abandoned if and when sea level rises enough to inundate it. Although compensation may be required, this approach would cost less than 1% as much as purchasing the land, and would be (1) economically efficient by enabling real estate markets to incorporate expectations of future sea level rise; (2) constitutional by compensating property owners; and (3) politically feasible by pleasing people who care about the long-term fate of the coastal environment without disturbing people who either are unconcerned about the distant future or do not believe sea level will rise. This article demonstrates that it would be irrational to delay policy formulation until sea level rise projections are more precise. The cost will be small if we act now but great if we wait, and sea level is already rising along most coasts. The US government should develop a strategy in the next three years. JF - Environmental Management AU - Titus, J G AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 39 EP - 58 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - government policy KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine KW - sea level changes KW - climatology KW - USA KW - wetlands KW - coastal zone management KW - Brackish KW - greenhouse effect KW - Freshwater KW - land use KW - Q1 08121:Law, policy, economics and social sciences KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16376000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Greenhouse+effect+and+coastal+wetland+policy%3A+How+Americans+could+abandon+an+area+the+size+of+Massachusetts+at+minimum+cost.&rft.au=Titus%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Titus&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climatology; sea level changes; wetlands; coastal zone management; greenhouse effect; land use; USA; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies of benzidine-based dyes in sediment-water systems. AN - 16354587; 2853080 AB - The sorption and degradation of several benzidine-based dyes were studied in sediment-water systems. Studies in resaturated sediment demonstrated that sorption was strongly dependent on pH and the nature and concentration of the inorganic salt in solution. Degradation of the dyes in anaerobic pond sediment followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with half-lives ranging from 2 to 16 d. Product studies indicated that the amount of recovered benzidine accounted for only 2 to 5% of lost Direct Red 28. Studies in pH-amended pond sediment demonstrated that degradation is inhibited when the dyes are strongly sorbed to the sediment. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Weber, E J AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 609 EP - 618 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - benzidine KW - degradation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - industrial wastes KW - pollutant persistence KW - sediment pollution KW - Freshwater KW - dyes KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16354587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Studies+of+benzidine-based+dyes+in+sediment-water+systems.&rft.au=Weber%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - industrial wastes; degradation; pollutant persistence; sediment pollution; dyes; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity assessment of pretreated industrial wastewaters using higher plants. AN - 16350107; 2856349 AB - Biological toxicity testing plays an important role in the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to identify toxic conditions and establish regulatory controls for municipal and industrial point sources. The author discusses use of similar techniques to evaluate the toxicity of discharges to municipal wastewater treatment plants to implement controls through the National Pretreatment Program. A few clarifications of the author's article are warranted. JF - RES. J. WPCF. AU - Lape, J AU - Bradley, P AD - Off. Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance, Permits Div. (EN-336), U.S. EPA, 401 M. St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 824 VL - 63 IS - 5 KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - industrial effluents KW - bioindicators KW - water quality control KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16350107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RES.+J.+WPCF.&rft.atitle=Toxicity+assessment+of+pretreated+industrial+wastewaters+using+higher+plants.&rft.au=Lape%2C+J%3BBradley%2C+P&rft.aulast=Lape&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=824&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=RES.+J.+WPCF.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity; industrial effluents; water quality control; bioindicators ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teratogenesis, toxicity, and bioconcentration in frogs exposed to dieldrin. AN - 16331373; 2841097 AB - Teratogenesis, acute and chronic toxicity, growth and bioconcentration were investigated in various life stages (embryos, tadpoles, juveniles, adults) of the frogs Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) and Rana pipiens (leopard frog) exposed to aqueous dieldrin in static-renewal and flow-through systems in a study on the development of wildlife-based water quality criteria. R. catesbeiana was the most sensitive tadpole in acute tests; X. laevis was the most sensitive in embryo-larval and chronic tadpole tests. Tadpole 96-h LC50s ranged from 40.4 to 49.5 mu g/L dieldrin for X. laevis , from 8.7 to 30.3 mu g/L for R. catesbeiana and was 71.3 mu g/L for R. pipiens . The 24-day LC50 for X. laevis tadpoles was 5.5 mu g/L dieldrin; the 28-day LC50 for R. pipiens tadpoles was 8.3 mu g/L. Adult R. pipiens had a 28-day LC50 of 53.4 mu g/L dieldrin. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Nebeker, A V AU - Griffis, W L AU - Wilson, K N AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 332 EP - 350 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - bioconcentration KW - developmental stages KW - dieldrin KW - organochlorine compounds KW - pesticides (organochlorine) KW - teratogenicity KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Rana KW - Freshwater KW - bioaccumulation KW - toxicity KW - insecticides KW - Xenopus laevis KW - pesticides KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16331373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Teratogenesis%2C+toxicity%2C+and+bioconcentration+in+frogs+exposed+to+dieldrin.&rft.au=Schuytema%2C+G+S%3BNebeker%2C+A+V%3BGriffis%2C+W+L%3BWilson%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecticides; toxicity; toxicity tests; developmental stages; pesticides; bioaccumulation; dieldrin; organochlorine compounds; teratogenicity; Xenopus laevis; Rana; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxicologic assessment of subacute exposure of rats to carbon tetrachloride with comparison to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. AN - 16329229; 2840058 AB - The immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity of subacute exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl sub(4)) were evaluated in young adult (8-9 weeks old) male Fischer 344 rats dosed by gavage with CCl sub(4) for 10 consecutive days at 0, 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg/day. Two days following the last treatment rats were evaluated for alterations in immune function by monitoring the following: body and lymphoid organ weights; mitogen and mixed leukocyte reaction lymphoproliferative responses; natural killer cells activity; and cytotoxic T lymphocytes responses. A separate group of similarly dosed rats was immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on Day 9 of dosing, and the primary antibody response was assessed 4 days later. Hepatic and renal toxicity were assessed 2 days after the last treatment by monitoring organ weights, serum indicators of hepatic and renal damage, and hepatic cytochrome P450 levels, as well as by histological evaluation. Significant increases in relative liver weights were observed in rats dosed at 40 mg/kg/day. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Smialowicz, R J AU - Simmons, JE AU - Luebke, R W AU - Allis, J W AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 186 EP - 196 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - carbon tetrachloride KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - liver KW - immune response KW - kidney KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16329229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Immunotoxicologic+assessment+of+subacute+exposure+of+rats+to+carbon+tetrachloride+with+comparison+to+hepatotoxicity+and+nephrotoxicity.&rft.au=Smialowicz%2C+R+J%3BSimmons%2C+JE%3BLuebke%2C+R+W%3BAllis%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Smialowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immune response; liver; kidney ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stimulation of the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene in anaerobic aquifer microcosms by the addition of toluene. AN - 16327131; 2837809 AB - In this study, the biologically mediated interactions of toluene and PCE under anaerobic conditions were investigated by using microcosms constructed with aquifer solids from an area that was exposed to both alkylbenzenes and chlorinated ethenes at the U.S. Coast Guard Air Station, in Traverse City, MI. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Sewell, G W AU - Gibson, SA AD - U.S. EPA, Robert S. Kerr Environ. Res. Lab., Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 982 EP - 984 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - anoxic conditions KW - fate KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - biodegradation KW - Freshwater KW - solvents KW - groundwater pollution KW - pollutant persistence KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16327131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Stimulation+of+the+reductive+dechlorination+of+tetrachloroethene+in+anaerobic+aquifer+microcosms+by+the+addition+of+toluene.&rft.au=Sewell%2C+G+W%3BGibson%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Sewell&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=982&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; biodegradation; solvents; anoxic conditions; groundwater pollution; pollutant persistence; fate; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Slowing the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide: A biological approach. AN - 16325191; 2832511 AB - Planting trees to act as carbon sinks has been suggested as a way to slow the increase of atmospheric CO sub(2). Forestry growth and yield models were used to estimate that it would take 192 million hectares of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)) or 250 million hectares of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda ) ot capture and store the United States' anthropogenic carbon emissions for an assumed period of 50 yr, at current emission rates. Although maximum growth rates are similar for both species, Douglas-fir requires less area because of its greater ability to store carbon, and its ability to maintain a high growth rate for a longer period of time. Forestation (reforestation and afforestation) appears to be feasible as a possible component of a comprehensive strategy for managing the CO sub(2) problem, but it must be practiced globally to be effective. JF - Climatic Change AU - Schroeder, P AU - Ladd, L AD - NSI Technol., Serv. Corp., U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 283 EP - 290 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - carbon dioxide KW - emissions KW - air quality KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - vegetation KW - meteorology KW - global warming KW - Pinus taeda KW - atmosphere KW - forestry KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16325191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Slowing+the+increase+of+atmospheric+carbon+dioxide%3A+A+biological+approach.&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+P%3BLadd%2C+L&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinus taeda; carbon dioxide; atmosphere; emissions; forestry; vegetation; meteorology; air quality; global warming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative susceptibility of Penaeus aztecus to Baculovirus penaei . AN - 16315483; 2833234 AB - Experimental infections of wild juvenile Penaeus aztecus with Baculovirus penaei (BP) demonstrate similar levels of prevalence as found in the natural environment. Moreover, neither postlarvae nor juveniles of P. setiferus , which rarely exhibit natural infections in the Gulf of Mexico, developed experimental patent infections using routine methods. Six other crustaceans, 2 of which were penaeids and none of which is a known host, did not develop experimental patent infections either. JF - Journal of the World Aquaculture Society AU - LeBlanc, B D AU - Overstreet, R M AU - Lotz, J M AD - U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 173 EP - 177 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0893-8849, 0893-8849 KW - Penaeus aztecus KW - baculovirus KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - pathology KW - viral diseases KW - shrimp culture KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16315483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.atitle=Relative+susceptibility+of+Penaeus+aztecus+to+Baculovirus+penaei+.&rft.au=LeBlanc%2C+B+D%3BOverstreet%2C+R+M%3BLotz%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=LeBlanc&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+World+Aquaculture+Society&rft.issn=08938849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathology; viral diseases; shrimp culture; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Charting the pollution prevention course. AN - 16304273; 2815017 AB - The redirection of national environmental policy will be profoundly affected by a recent report of EPA's Scientific Advisory Board (SAB). This board of distinguished scientists and environmental experts was asked by EPA's administrator for specific recommendations on how to establish environmental priorities and how to address them in a more proactive fashion. The principles and recommendations developed by the SAB show how EPA can achieve a broader, more integrated and more carefully targeted environmental policy. Under this framework, EPA will use comparative risk to determine the most serious environment problems and to target environmental protection efforts on the basis of opportunities for the greatest risk reduction. JF - Pollution Engineering AU - Kotas, G F AD - Pollut. Prev. Div., EPA Off., Pollut. Prev. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 13 EP - 17 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0032-3640, 0032-3640 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - toxic materials KW - federal policies KW - environmental protection KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16304273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pollution+Engineering&rft.atitle=Charting+the+pollution+prevention+course.&rft.au=Kotas%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Kotas&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pollution+Engineering&rft.issn=00323640&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollution control; environmental protection; EPA; federal policies; toxic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term monitoring of the HAZCON stabilization process at the Douglassville, Pennsylvania Superfund site. AN - 16298446; 2815157 AB - One technology field tested under the SITE demonstration program was stabilization-solidification. The HAZCON process was one of those tested. It treats hazardous wastes, consisting of both inorganic and organic contaminants, by mixing it with portland cement, water and proprietary additive called Chloranan in a modified cement mixer to produce a concrete mass. In evaluating the technology during the demonstration, two major criteria were investigated by using existing laboratory tests. These criteria were mobility of the contaminants before and after treatment and the long-term effect on mobility, and durability of the solidified masses. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - De Percin, PR AU - Sawyer, S AD - U.S. EPA, Superfund Technol. Demonstration Div., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 88 EP - 91 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pennsylvania, Douglassville KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Superfund KW - waste treatment KW - environmental monitoring KW - hazardous wastes KW - additives KW - cement KW - disposal sites KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16298446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Long-term+monitoring+of+the+HAZCON+stabilization+process+at+the+Douglassville%2C+Pennsylvania+Superfund+site.&rft.au=De+Percin%2C+PR%3BSawyer%2C+S&rft.aulast=De+Percin&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous wastes; disposal sites; environmental monitoring; Superfund; waste treatment; cement; additives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agricultural sediment: The case of Otter Creek. AN - 16298163; 2820227 AB - The Otter Creek watershed in Utah is a tributary to the Sevier River system, which provides municipal, industrial, and agricultural water to several thousand downstream users. Because of its deteriorating condition, Otter Creek is near the top of Utah's priority list of areas requiring immediate action. The effects of wind, water, ice, and excessive grazing can combine to deposit soil in creeks and streams, which in turn changes the stream's shape, temperature, and biological capacity. Eroded soil can smother fish habitat and deplete dissolved oxygen. Many species of aquatic plants cannot thrive because of the cloudiness of the water. Downstream, reservoirs fill up with silt, reducing their storage capacity and biological vitality. JF - EPA Journal AU - Wann, D AU - Wilbur, J AD - EPA, Policy Off., Region 8 Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 11 EP - 12 VL - 17 IS - 5 KW - aquatic environments KW - fish KW - Utah, Otter Creek KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - erosion KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - sediments KW - freshwater pollution KW - ecology KW - streams KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16298163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=Agricultural+sediment%3A+The+case+of+Otter+Creek.&rft.au=Wann%2C+D%3BWilbur%2C+J&rft.aulast=Wann&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - watersheds; streams; erosion; freshwater pollution; sediments; agriculture; ecology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical reactions and transport of alkanes and their products in the troposphere. AN - 16297769; 2814770 AB - The product distributions have been calculated for more abundant alkanes contributing most of the carbon atoms in the alkane fraction of an ambient air hydrocarbon mixture reasonably representative of U.S. emissions. The calculations predict a substantial effect of temperature on product yields. A large decrease in alkyl nitrate yields and a smaller decrease in ketone yields occur with increasing temperature. The yields of the short-lived, more reactive aldehydes undergo substantial increases with increasing temperature. Lower yields of ketones and higher yields of aldehydes are associated with the use of higher compared to lower decomposition process rate constants. For the type of U.S. hydrocarbon mixture available from measurements, 16 oxygenated products account for more than 60% of the total alkane carbon atoms converted to products, with most of these carbon atoms accounted for by four products. The effects of increased temperature on product reactivity and radical production may also influence O sub(3) production. JF - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry AU - Altshuller, A P AD - Atmos. Res. and Exposure Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 19 EP - 61 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7764, 0167-7764 KW - alkanes KW - pollutant dispersion KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical reactions KW - photochemicals KW - troposphere KW - kinetics KW - air pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16297769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Atmospheric+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Chemical+reactions+and+transport+of+alkanes+and+their+products+in+the+troposphere.&rft.au=Altshuller%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Altshuller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Atmospheric+Chemistry&rft.issn=01677764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical reactions; troposphere; kinetics; photochemicals; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - View from EPA. AN - 16297277; 2820049 AB - A preview of EPA's 1990 National Water Quality Report to Congress shows that nonpoint-source pollution is the main reason lakes and rivers fail to meet clean water standards for fishing, swimming, and drinking. Agricultural runoff was by far the most extensive source of pollution, responsible for impairing about 60 percent of the degraded rivers and a like percentage of degraded lakes studied. Extraction activities, along with dams, levees, and other hydrologic modifications were also significant contributors, as were storm sewers and urban runoff. JF - EPA Journal AU - Reilly, W K AD - EPA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 20 EP - 24 VL - 17 IS - 5 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - agriculture KW - EPA KW - freshwater pollution KW - federal regulations KW - water quality standards KW - nonpoint pollution KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16297277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=View+from+EPA.&rft.au=Reilly%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; federal regulations; pollution control; nonpoint pollution; water quality standards; agriculture; freshwater pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental law relating to medical waste disposal in the United States of America. AN - 16296482; 2811343 AB - The objective of this report is to provide: (1) a summary of the Medical Waste Tracking Act (MWTA) of 1988 and the EPA rules for implementing MWTA; and (2) MWTA's relationship to both EPA and other Federal regulatory programs. This report is a condensation of a paper prepared by the authors for use in the U.S.A. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Lee, C C AU - Huffman, G L AD - U.S. EPA RREL, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 143 EP - 147 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - Medical Waste Tracking Act KW - United States KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - state regulations KW - environmental protection KW - government regulations KW - federal regulations KW - solid wastes KW - legislation KW - medical wastes KW - waste disposal KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - H SM1.1:BASIC APPROACHES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16296482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.atitle=Environmental+law+relating+to+medical+waste+disposal+in+the+United+States+of+America.&rft.au=Lee%2C+C+C%3BHuffman%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - medical wastes; waste disposal; federal regulations; state regulations; legislation; government regulations; environmental protection; solid wastes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Corrective Action: Task with a big future. AN - 16294748; 2811271 AB - Although Superfund has captured most of the public's attention regarding toxic waste cleanup in recent years, there are thousands of contaminated industrial facilities that are outside the jurisdiction of Superfund. Cleaning up these contaminated industrial facilities has become largely the work of a new clean-up program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): the Corrective Action program. Still in its early stages, Corrective Action nevertheless is becoming increasingly visible in tackling a clean-up effort that approaches Superfund in scope and complexity. JF - EPA Journal AU - Lowrance, S K AD - EPA, Off. Solid Waste Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 47 EP - 48 VL - 17 IS - 3 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Superfund KW - legislation KW - cleaning process KW - industrial wastes KW - hazardous wastes KW - economics KW - waste disposal KW - RCRA KW - disposal sites KW - contamination KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16294748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=Corrective+Action%3A+Task+with+a+big+future.&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - industrial wastes; waste disposal; contamination; disposal sites; cleaning process; legislation; RCRA; Superfund; hazardous wastes; economics ER - TY - CONF T1 - Conventional and innovative land-based technologies for waste combustion. AN - 16294184; 2820088 AB - This paper is an overview of various land-based technologies for safely treating waste materials. Covered are both the older, proven devices, such as conventional incinerators, as well as some of the new or novel technologies which thus far have found limited application. It is hoped that this paper can provide some degree of guidance to NASA in their search for appropriate systems for waste treatment, disposal, and/or recycling in space mission programs. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Oberacker, DA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 395 EP - 400 VL - 9 IS - 5 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - recycling KW - municipal solid wastes KW - combustion KW - waste management KW - incinerators KW - spacecraft KW - hazardous wastes KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16294184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.atitle=Conventional+and+innovative+land-based+technologies+for+waste+combustion.&rft.au=Oberacker%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Oberacker&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moving beyond compliance. AN - 16293966; 2811108 AB - In response to the Jan announcement of the 33/50 Program - so named because of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) goal to reduce toxic industrial releases by 50 percent by 1995, with an interim goal of 33 percent by 1992 - EPA has received about 100 enthusiastic letters of support from companies large and small, in all segments of the industrial community. The nation's governors seem equally excited. The author included some of the best, though fairly representative comments with this article. JF - Pollution Engineering AU - Hazen, S AD - Special Proj. Off., Off. Toxic Substances, EPA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 13 EP - 16 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0032-3640, 0032-3640 KW - 33/50 program KW - industrial pollutants KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - toxic materials KW - environmental protection KW - government programs KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16293966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pollution+Engineering&rft.atitle=Moving+beyond+compliance.&rft.au=Hazen%2C+S&rft.aulast=Hazen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pollution+Engineering&rft.issn=00323640&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - government programs; EPA; toxic materials; pollution control; environmental protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particulate characteristics and visual effects of the atmosphere at Research Triangle Park. AN - 16292254; 2811341 AB - During a 38-day period in the fall of 1987 a wilde range in the visual quality of the atmosphere at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina was observed. Throughout the period, the light scatter coefficient; SO sub(2), NO sub(2), and O sub(3) concentrations; temperature; relative humidity; and radiation intensity of the atmosphere were continuously monitored. Additionally, 60 filter samples were intermittently collected with two dichotomous (Coarse and fine particle) size selective samplers. The dichotomous samplers were operated concurrently to obtain samples on Teflon and quartz filters for different analyses. Also collected were six impactor samples for sulfate size distribution analysis. At selected times during the study, long-path measurements were made of the atmospheric extinction coefficient and the extinction of contrast by the atmosphere. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Conner, W D AU - Bennett, R L AU - Weathers, W S AU - Wilson, W E AD - EPA's Off. Res. and Dev., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 154 EP - 160 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - sulphur dioxide KW - North Carolina, Research Triangle Park KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - radiation KW - visibility KW - atmosphere KW - light scattering KW - particulates KW - ozone KW - humidity KW - nitrogen dioxide KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16292254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Particulate+characteristics+and+visual+effects+of+the+atmosphere+at+Research+Triangle+Park.&rft.au=Conner%2C+W+D%3BBennett%2C+R+L%3BWeathers%2C+W+S%3BWilson%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; particulates; nitrogen dioxide; humidity; radiation; light scattering; visibility; ozone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ten years of progress in the Superfund program. AN - 16291323; 2811273 AB - Superfund celebrated its tenth anniversary in December 1990. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)-popularly known as Superfund-was passed into law in December 1980 in the wake of such incidents as Love Canal and the Valley of the Drums. The program was designed to clean up uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and, during the past ten years, thousands of actions have been taken to protect human health and the environment from the hazards posed by those sites. The trials and successes of the evolving Superfund program are described in this article. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Clay AD - U.S. EPA Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 144 EP - 147 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - cleaning process KW - federal regulations KW - Superfund KW - CERCLA KW - legislation KW - hazardous wastes KW - disposal sites KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16291323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Ten+years+of+progress+in+the+Superfund+program.&rft.au=Clay&rft.aulast=Clay&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hazardous wastes; cleaning process; disposal sites; federal regulations; Superfund; CERCLA; legislation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particulate air pollution and daily mortality in Detroit. AN - 16290561; 2815528 AB - Particulate air pollution has been associated with increased mortality during episodes of high pollution concentrations. The relationship at lower concentrations has been more controversial, as has the relative role of particles and sulfur dioxide. Replication has been difficult because suspended particle concentrations are usually measured only every sixth day in the U.S. This study used concurrent measurements of total suspended particulates (TSP) and airport visibility from every sixth day sampling for 10 years to fit a predictive model for TSP. Predicted daily TSP concentrations were then correlated with daily mortality counts in Poisson regression models controlling for season, weather, time trends, overdispersion, and serial correlation. A significant correlation (P < 0.0001) was found between predicted TSP and daily mortality. This correlation was independent of sulfur dioxide, but not vice versa. The magnitude of the effect was very similar to results recently reported from Steubenville, Ohio (using actual TSP measurements), with each 100 mu g/m super(3) increase in TSP resulting in a 6% increase in mortality. Graphical analysis indicated a dose-response relationship with no evidence of a threshold down to concentrations below half of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter. JF - Environmental Research AU - Schwartz, J AD - US EPA, PM 221, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 204 EP - 213 VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Detroit KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - mathematical models KW - particulates KW - air pollution KW - mortality KW - public health KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SM3.8:INJURIOUS AGENTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16290561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Particulate+air+pollution+and+daily+mortality+in+Detroit.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; particulates; mortality; public health; mathematical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From know-how to can-do. AN - 16290110; 2811233 AB - The development and widespread application of technologies for the cleanup of abandoned waste sites and contaminated land are inadequate. The Technology Innovation Office (TIO) in EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) was established to advocate innovation among EPA and state staffs, consulting engineering firms, American industry in general, and the vendors who develop these technologies. From our vantage point, We see three major hurdles--informational, regulatory, and legal and institutional--in the way of developing faster, better, cheaper, and more publicly acceptable treatment alternatives. JF - EPA Journal AU - Kovalick, WW Jr AD - EPA, Technol. Innov. Off. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 45 EP - 46 VL - 17 IS - 3 KW - research and development KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - solid wastes KW - technology KW - cleaning process KW - waste treatment KW - EPA KW - hazardous wastes KW - contamination KW - disposal sites KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16290110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=From+know-how+to+can-do.&rft.au=Kovalick%2C+WW+Jr&rft.aulast=Kovalick&rft.aufirst=WW&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - solid wastes; waste treatment; EPA; technology; cleaning process; disposal sites; hazardous wastes; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Innovations in the clean-up battle. AN - 16290031; 2811199 AB - The 1986 amendments to Superfund allowed EPA to develop the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program. The objective of the SITE Program is to stimulate development and use of innovative clean-up technologies that destroy or detoxify wastes or permanently reduce their volume or mobility. The program has helped widen the range of available technologies for site cleanup, resulting in the application of environmentally better, cost effective solutions. JF - EPA Journal AU - Skinner, J H AD - EPA, R&D Div. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 40 EP - 44 VL - 17 IS - 3 KW - SITE program KW - cost benefit analysis KW - research and development KW - anaerobic process KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - toxic materials KW - Superfund KW - legislation KW - cleaning process KW - waste management KW - hazardous wastes KW - disposal sites KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16290031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=Innovations+in+the+clean-up+battle.&rft.au=Skinner%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - waste management; toxic materials; cleaning process; legislation; hazardous wastes; disposal sites; Superfund ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aqueous two-phase extraction in bioseparations: An assessment. AN - 16288679; 2817278 JF - BIO/TECHNOLOGY. AU - Sikdar, S K AU - Cole, K D AU - Stewart, R M AU - Szlag, D C AU - Todd, P AU - Cabezas, H Jr AD - U.S. EPA, 26 Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 252 EP - 257 VL - 9 IS - 3 KW - aqueous two-phase systems KW - cell culture KW - extraction KW - media KW - mixtures KW - polyethylene glycol KW - processing engineering KW - proteins KW - sodium chloride KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W 30600:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30404:Other peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16288679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BIO%2FTECHNOLOGY.&rft.atitle=Aqueous+two-phase+extraction+in+bioseparations%3A+An+assessment.&rft.au=Sikdar%2C+S+K%3BCole%2C+K+D%3BStewart%2C+R+M%3BSzlag%2C+D+C%3BTodd%2C+P%3BCabezas%2C+H+Jr&rft.aulast=Sikdar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BIO%2FTECHNOLOGY.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interlaboratory comparison of thermospray and particle beam liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry interfaces: Evaluation of a chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicide liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis method. AN - 16285178; 2807538 AB - Seven laboratories participated in an interlaboratory evaluation of a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method for the analysis of 10 chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides. The focus of this evaluation was to test the intercomparability of LC/MS data obtained from two types of LC/MS interfaces (i.e., thermospray (TS) and particle beam (PB)). Eight simulated sample extracts were sent to each laboratory for LC/MS analysis. There were statistically significant differences between interfaces in the quantitative data for all analytes except 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid (silvex). JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Jones, T L AU - Betowski, L D AU - Lesnik, B AU - Chiang, T C AU - Teberg, JE AD - US EPA, Environ. Monit. Syst. Lab., P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1880 EP - 1884 VL - 25 IS - 11 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - liquid chromatography KW - laboratory methods KW - herbicides KW - mass spectroscopy KW - environmental monitoring KW - contamination KW - H SE3.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SE5.22:HERBICIDES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16285178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Interlaboratory+comparison+of+thermospray+and+particle+beam+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+interfaces%3A+Evaluation+of+a+chlorinated+phenoxy+acid+herbicide+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+analysis+method.&rft.au=Jones%2C+T+L%3BBetowski%2C+L+D%3BLesnik%2C+B%3BChiang%2C+T+C%3BTeberg%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - laboratory methods; liquid chromatography; mass spectroscopy; herbicides; environmental monitoring; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of solar radiation on manganese oxide reactions with selected organic compounds. AN - 16284700; 2811392 AB - The effects of sunlight on aqueous redox reactions between manganese oxides (MnO sub(x)) and selected organic substances are reported. No sunlight-induced rate enhancement was observed for the MnO sub(x) oxidation of substituted phenols, anisole, o-dichlorobenzene, or p-chloroaniline. On the other hand, solar radiation did accelerate the reduction of manganese oxides by dissolved organic matter (DOM) from aquatic environments. The photoreduction of MnO sub(x) by DOM was little affected by molecular oxygen in air-saturated water (250 mu M), but was inhibited by 2,6-dichloroindophenol (0.5-6 mu M), an excellent electron acceptor. MnO sub(x) reduction also was photosensitized by anthraquinone-2-sulfonate. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Bertino, D J AU - Zepp, R G AD - NSI, Robert S. Kerr Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1267 EP - 1273 VL - 25 IS - 7 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - manganese oxides KW - aquatic environments KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - organic compounds KW - chemical reactions KW - oxidation KW - solar radiation KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16284700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+solar+radiation+on+manganese+oxide+reactions+with+selected+organic+compounds.&rft.au=Bertino%2C+D+J%3BZepp%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Bertino&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - solar radiation; organic compounds; oxidation; chemical reactions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with on-line solvent reduction for semivolatile extract cleanup. AN - 16283630; 2812619 AB - GPC is well suited for replicate sample cleanup and automation since the mechanism of compound separation is principally size exclusion and the stationary phase does not chemically interact with the analytes. JF - American Environmental Laboratory AU - Valkenburg, CA AU - Steves, P L AU - Chiang, T C AU - Butler, L C AD - ICF Kaiser Eng., EPA Qual. Assur. Tech., Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 12 EP - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1051-2306, 1051-2306 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chromatography KW - automation KW - cleaning process KW - waste management KW - environmental monitoring KW - instruments KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16283630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Environmental+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Automated+gel+permeation+chromatography+%28GPC%29+with+on-line+solvent+reduction+for+semivolatile+extract+cleanup.&rft.au=Valkenburg%2C+CA%3BSteves%2C+P+L%3BChiang%2C+T+C%3BButler%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Valkenburg&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Environmental+Laboratory&rft.issn=10512306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - instruments; chromatography; automation; environmental monitoring; cleaning process; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxicity of 2-methoxyethanol following oral administration in Fischer 344 rats. AN - 16282380; 2802793 AB - The immunotoxicity of the glycol ether 2-methoxyethanol (ME) was evaluated in adult Fischer 344 rats using a variety of in vitro and in vivo immune function assays. In the first phase of this study, male rats were dosed by oral gavage with ME in water, at dosages ranging from 50 to 200 mg/kg/day, for 10 consecutive days. Decreases in thymus weights were observed at dosages of 50-200 mg/kg/day in the absence of decreased body weights. Lymphoproliferative (LP) responses to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin were reduced at 50-200 mg/kg/day while pokeweed mitogen and Salmonella typhimurium mitogen responses were reduced at 200 mg/kg/day. No alterations were observed in natural killer cell activity, mixed lymphocyte reaction, or cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. The frequency of W3/25-positive splenocytes was reduced in rats dosed at 200 mg/kg/day. Interleukin-2 production was reduced in splenocytes from rats exposed to all dosages of ME. The plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells was enhanced in rats dosed at 50 mg/kg/day. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Smialowicz, R J AU - Riddle, M M AU - Luebke, R W AU - Copeland, C B AU - Andrews, D AU - Rogers, R R AU - Gray, LE AU - Laskey, J W AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 494 EP - 506 VL - 109 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - methyl cellosolve KW - rats KW - Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - immunosuppression KW - interleukin 2 KW - immunotoxicity KW - immunotoxins KW - thymus KW - oral administration KW - F 06791:Experimental KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16282380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Immunotoxicity+of+2-methoxyethanol+following+oral+administration+in+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=Smialowicz%2C+R+J%3BRiddle%2C+M+M%3BLuebke%2C+R+W%3BCopeland%2C+C+B%3BAndrews%2C+D%3BRogers%2C+R+R%3BGray%2C+LE%3BLaskey%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Smialowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=494&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunotoxicity; oral administration; thymus; interleukin 2; immunosuppression; immunotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's Alaska oil spill bioremediation project. AN - 16277583; 2806301 AB - The bioremediation of hazardous wastes, although not a new concept, has recently taken on new significance as an increasingly effective and potentially inexpensive cleanup technology. A contributory factor has been a more comprehensive understanding of the natural biodegradation potential of microbial communities in many different types of habitats. Several field demonstrations have now convincingly utilized laboratory test information to develop effective treatment strategies for bioremediation. For similar reasons, the significance and feasibility of the bioremediation of oil-contaminated environmental materials has also increased. In addition, major oil spills like that of the Exxon Valdez have galvanized public attention to alternative cleanup technologies. Oil biodegradation in aquatic (marine and freshwater), terrestrial, and groundwater environments has been extensively studied in laboratory systems over the past 20-30 years, but it is only recently that this information has been considered for large-scale bioremediation efforts. Definitive success in the restoration of gasoline-contaminated aquifers and oil-contaminated soils has occurred because of the application of this basic research data base. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Pritchard, PH AU - Costa, C F AD - US EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 372 EP - 379 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Alaska KW - EPA KW - Exxon Valdez KW - data collections KW - government policy KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Marine KW - biodegradation KW - Freshwater KW - bioremediation KW - oil removal KW - bacteria KW - oil spills KW - tanker ships KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16277583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+Alaska+oil+spill+bioremediation+project.&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+PH%3BCosta%2C+C+F&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; oil spills; bacteria; data collections; bioremediation; tanker ships; oil removal; EPA; USA, Alaska; Marine; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Greenhouse effect and sea level rise: The cost of holding back the sea. AN - 16271858; 2803554 AB - Previous studies suggest that the expected global warming from the greenhouse effect could raise sea level 50 to 200 cm (2 to 7 ft) in the next century. This article presents the first nationwide assessment of the primary impacts of such a rise on the United States: the cost of protecting ocean resort communities by pumping sand onto beaches and gradually raising barrier islands in place, the cost of protecting developed areas along sheltered waters through the use of levees (dikes) and bulkheads; and the loss of coastal wetlands and undeveloped lowlands. The total cost for a 1-m rise would be between $270 and $475 billion, ignoring future development. It is estimated that if no measures are taken to hold back the sea, a 1-m rise in sea level would inundate 30,000 sq km (14,000 sq mi), with wet and dry land each accounting for about half the loss. The 1500 sq km (600-700 sq mi) of densely developed coastal lowlands could be protected for approximately equals $1000 to $2000 per year for a typical coastal lot. JF - Coastal Management AU - Titus, J G AU - Park, R A AU - Leatherman, S P AU - Weggel, J R AU - Greene AU - Mausel, P W AU - Brown, S AU - Gaunt, C AU - Trehan, M AU - Yohe, G AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 171 EP - 204 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0753, 0892-0753 KW - sea level variations KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - flooding KW - Marine KW - coastal engineering KW - coastal zone management KW - greenhouse effect KW - shore protection KW - USA Coasts KW - costs KW - O 6060:Coastal Zone Resources and Management KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16271858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coastal+Management&rft.atitle=Greenhouse+effect+and+sea+level+rise%3A+The+cost+of+holding+back+the+sea.&rft.au=Titus%2C+J+G%3BPark%2C+R+A%3BLeatherman%2C+S+P%3BWeggel%2C+J+R%3BGreene%3BMausel%2C+P+W%3BBrown%2C+S%3BGaunt%2C+C%3BTrehan%2C+M%3BYohe%2C+G&rft.aulast=Titus&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Coastal+Management&rft.issn=08920753&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - flooding; coastal engineering; coastal zone management; shore protection; greenhouse effect; costs; USA Coasts; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cardiopathic effect of 1,2,3-trichloropropane after subacute and subchronic exposure in rats. AN - 16271530; 2802611 AB - 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) is an industrial water contaminant with potential for human exposure by the oral route. The systemic toxicology of 1,2,3-TCP was evaluated after subacute or subchronic exposure in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were treated with 0.01, 0.05, 0.20 and 0.80 mmol/kg/day for 10 days and 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.40 mmol/kg/day for 90 days. The primary histological finding in this study was an inflammation-associated cardiopathy produced by 1,2,3-TCP. Myocardial necrosis and degeneration occurred in a diffuse pattern with marked eosinophilia of affected cells. Male and female animals showed a cardiopathic response only at a dose of 0.8 mmol/kg 1,2,3-TCP after the 10-day exposure. In the subchronic study, the incidence of cardiopathy was more prevalent in males than in females. In addition to cardiac effects, the 90-day chemical exposure produced bile duct hyperplasia in 40% and 80% of males and females, respectively. JF - Journal of Applied Toxicology AU - Merrick, BA AU - Robinson, M AU - Condie, L W AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 179 EP - 187 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - 1,2,3-trichloropropane KW - heart KW - rats KW - cardiovascular pathology KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - histopathology KW - toxicity KW - H SM3.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - H SM9.32:CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM INJURIES KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16271530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Cardiopathic+effect+of+1%2C2%2C3-trichloropropane+after+subacute+and+subchronic+exposure+in+rats.&rft.au=Merrick%2C+BA%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BCondie%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Merrick&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - histopathology; rats; cardiovascular pathology; toxicity; heart ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology of Microplitis kewleyi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A parasite of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. AN - 16271058; 2802928 AB - Microplitis kewleyi Muesebeck is a gregarious internal parasite of larvae of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel). Studies of the biology of the parasite revealed that there was an inverse relationship between host instar and parasite preference. Duration of development from egg to pupa ranged from 18 days at 27 degree C to 68 multiplied by 7 days at 16 degree C. Development from egg to pupa took 13 multiplied by 5-21 multiplied by 6 days when fourth and first instar host larvae, respectively, were parasitized. A larger number of parasites emerged from hosts parasitized in the fourth instar (22 multiplied by 4) than the first instar (11 multiplied by 5). Parasite pupation occurred when the host was in the fifth/sixth instar, depending on the instar parasitized. Thirty-nine per cent of host larvae exposed as first instars to parasites died before parasite emergence. This decreased to 0% for host larvae exposed as fourth instars. The sex ratio was 1:1 multiplied by 2 (M:F). JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Beegle, C C AU - Carey, J R AU - Best, R L AD - U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 157 EP - 168 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Microplitis kewleyi KW - Agrotis ipsilon KW - Braconidae KW - Hymenoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - host-parasite interactions KW - larvae KW - parasitology KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - W 30550:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16271058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Biology+of+Microplitis+kewleyi+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29%3A+A+parasite+of+Agrotis+ipsilon+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+larvae.&rft.au=Beegle%2C+C+C%3BCarey%2C+J+R%3BBest%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Beegle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrotis ipsilon; Braconidae; Hymenoptera; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; larvae; host-parasite interactions; parasitology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New methods for modeling the transport of metals from mineral processing wastes into surface waters. AN - 16244193; 2780529 AB - The estimation of contaminant fluxes into and within river basins is the main focus of this research paper. New methods for estimating contaminant loadings and fate on a comprehensive river basin based on assembled subsite behaviors are demonstrated for a collection of superfund sites in the Upper Clark Fork River in Montana. The methods and models used consist of a new set of technique for estimating the overland, sub-surface and in-stream movement of mine waste constituents. A linked assessment system consisting of contaminant transformation, non-point source and groundwater mixing and transport, surface hydrology and erosion, and surface-water quality models has been developed, written, tested, and applied at the site. The object of this project is to show the importance of comparing phenomenological hypotheses with field observations for large-scale exposure models. Graphs of the river copper concentration show a good fit between measured and predicted concentrations at some stations, whereas, substantial deviations from field measurements are observed at other stations along the course of the river. JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART A. AU - Brown, K P AU - Hosseinipour, E Z AD - AScI Corp., College Station Rd., c/o US EPA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 813 EP - 853 VL - A26 IS - 6 KW - Montana, Upper Clark Fork R. KW - pollutant dispersion KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - copper KW - mining wastes KW - water pollution KW - mathematical models KW - rivers KW - metals KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16244193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+A.&rft.atitle=New+methods+for+modeling+the+transport+of+metals+from+mineral+processing+wastes+into+surface+waters.&rft.au=Brown%2C+K+P%3BHosseinipour%2C+E+Z&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=A26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+A.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rivers; mining wastes; metals; copper; mathematical models; water pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can intensive management increase carbon storage in forests?. AN - 16231579; 2757250 AB - A possible response to increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration is to attempt to increase the amount of carbon stored in terrestrial vegetation. One approach to increasing the size of the terrestrial carbon sink is to increase the growth of forests by utilizing intensive forest management practices. The article uses data from the literature and from forest growth and yield models to analyze the impact of three management practices on carbon storage: thinning, fertilization, and control of competing vegetation. Using Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda ) as example species, results from experiments with computer simulation models suggest that, for these two species, thinning generally does not increase carbon storage and may actually cause a decrease. JF - Environmental Management AU - Schroeder, P AD - NSI Technol. Serv. Corp., US EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 S.W. 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 475 EP - 481 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Pinus taeda KW - forest practices KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - carbon cycle KW - management KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04804:Pollution control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16231579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Can+intensive+management+increase+carbon+storage+in+forests%3F.&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+P&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinus taeda; management; carbon cycle; forest practices ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards a comprehensive approach to global climate change mitigation. AN - 16215210; 2747174 AB - A number of panels of distinguished scientists, while noting the many uncertainties, have, nonetheless, warned of the risk of serious and, for practical purposes, irreversible global warming associated with projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Economists are quite new to the field and are just beginning to frame their issues. The two economic issues that seem most compelling are the "so what" question and the notion that "maybe the cure is worse than the disease". "So what" refers to the argument that, even if the physical and biological changes on earth are large, maybe the economic consequences of such changes are small. Economists recognize this argument as a call for an aggregate damage function (i.e., benefits of avoided damages). JF - American Economic Review AU - Morgenstern, R D Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 140 EP - 145 VL - 81 IS - 2 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - economics KW - risk assessment KW - greenhouse effect KW - climate KW - global warming KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16215210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Towards+a+comprehensive+approach+to+global+climate+change+mitigation.&rft.au=Morgenstern%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Morgenstern&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Economic+Review&rft.issn=00028282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Shellfish safety: Human health implications of toxic contamination in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. AN - 16184786; 2709047 AB - Narragansett Bay has serious problems with contamination of its waters and sediments from toxic pollutants, including metals and organics. A major concern is the potential risk to human health from consumption of contaminated seafood. Research has shown that organisms such as fish and shellfish that are exposed to toxics tend to accumulate the compounds in their tissues. At high enough levels, these compounds pose a threat not only to the fish themselves, but also to humans who may catch and eat fish from contaminated areas. A series of analyses were conducted, using chemical levels measured in Narragansett Bay quahogs (Mercenaria mercenaria ), provide a measure of the potential risks through consumption. Results indicate that the highest potential risks are associated with Providence River quahogs, and with high levels of consumption. The risks are due primarily to organic, oil-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and possibly the metal cadmium. Although estimated risks associated with consumption of Narragansett Bay quahogs are not high enough to be an immediate health threat, in some instances, estimated risks may be unacceptable. AU - Kipp, K Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 KW - ANW, Narragansett Bay KW - Narragansett Bay KW - PCB KW - PCB compounds KW - Rhode Island KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - chemical pollutants KW - food poisoning KW - public health KW - risks KW - shellfish fisheries KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - RIU-W-90-003 KW - Marine KW - fisheries KW - ANW, USA, Rhode Island KW - organic compounds KW - toxicity KW - metals KW - cadmium KW - pesticides KW - Mercenaria mercenaria KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - O 8050:Conferences KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16184786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Shellfish+safety%3A+Human+health+implications+of+toxic+contamination+in+Narragansett+Bay%2C+Rhode+Island.&rft.au=Kipp%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kipp&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International reductions of greenhouse-gas emissions. An equitable and efficient approach. AN - 16163070; 2702835 AB - A strategy for a successful climate protection convention must highlight the role of equity in order to bring more nations to the bargaining table. The authors propose two commercial energy protocols for consideration by negotiators in this light. The first links international trading in greenhouse-gas emission "rights" to a country's historical per capita carbon emissions. The charge for these rights should be based on the negotiated reduction in global emissions and the demand for them, via the marketplace. The second requires inefficient countries to make steady improvements in energy efficiency or fuel substitution away from carbon as their economies develop. JF - Global Environmental Change AU - Solomon, B D AU - Ahuja AD - Off. Atmos. and Indoor Air Programs US EPA, 401 M St., SW, ANR-445, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 343 EP - 350 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 0959-3780, 0959-3780 KW - greenhouse effect KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - international cooperation KW - emission control KW - gases KW - carbon KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16163070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Environmental+Change&rft.atitle=International+reductions+of+greenhouse-gas+emissions.+An+equitable+and+efficient+approach.&rft.au=Solomon%2C+B+D%3BAhuja&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Environmental+Change&rft.issn=09593780&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gases; emission control; carbon; international cooperation ER - TY - CONF T1 - Comparison of risks from outdoor and indoor exposure to toxic chemicals. AN - 16159675; 2692218 AB - Environmental Protection Agency TEAM (Total Exposure Assessment Measurement) Studies have measured exposures of about 800 persons to 25 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and exposures of about 300 persons to 32 pesticides. These persons were selected to represent more than 1 million residents of industrial manufacturing cities such as Bayonne and Elizabeth, New Jersey, and Los Angeles, California; cities with light industry, such as Greensboro, North Carolina, and Baltimore, Maryland; rural areas such as Devils Lake, North Dakota; and cities with high pesticide use such as Jacksonville, Florida, as well as low-to-moderate pesticide use such as Springfield, Massachusetts. The TEAM data provide an opportunity to estimate the risks from airborne exposure to a number of suspected carcinogens for a substantial number of persons residing in a wide variety of urban, suburban, and rural areas. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wallace, LA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 7 EP - 13 VL - 95 KW - toxic materials KW - volatile organic compounds KW - air quality KW - indoor environments KW - volatiles KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - chemicals KW - buildings KW - atmosphere KW - organic compounds KW - environmental monitoring KW - pesticides KW - air pollution KW - carcinogens KW - risk assessment KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - R2 23050:Environment KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16159675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+risks+from+outdoor+and+indoor+exposure+to+toxic+chemicals.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Future directions and research needs. AN - 16149506; 2697909 AB - The primary focus of this presentation is to highlight suggested future directions and needs of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that formed the core of a report to Congress on assessment and control of indoor air pollution. The five major areas that constitute the current EPA indoor air research strategy are monitoring/building studies; health effects; source characterization/mitigation; health impact/risk assessment; and program management/technology transfer. Additionally, major trends and research needs are discussed, including greater emphasis on noncancer effects and multiple pollutants at low levels and the need for more sensitive measures for detecting adverse health effects to more effectively characterize chemically sensitive individuals and population subgroups. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Farland, W H AD - Off. Health and Environ. Assess., US EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 131 EP - 133 VL - 95 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - indoor environments KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - air pollution control KW - environmental monitoring KW - risk assessment KW - public health KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - H SM3.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Future+directions+and+research+needs.&rft.au=Farland%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Farland&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution control; environmental monitoring; public health; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of risks from urban air pollutants in the southeast Chicago area. AN - 16149126; 2701305 AB - Region V of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has conducted a comprehensive study of cancer risks from urban exposure to air pollutants in the Southeast Chicago area. This study estimated emissions of a list of 30 air carcinogens from a broad range of nontraditional, as well as traditional, source types. Using dispersion modeling and applying the appropriate unit risk factors and population data, this study estimated the risks at each receptor location and the total number of cancer cases attributable to air pollution in the area. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Summerhays, J AD - Air Enforce. Branch, Reg. V, U.S. EPA, Chicago, IL 60604, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 844 EP - 850 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - urban areas KW - Illinois, Chicago KW - air pollutants KW - pollutant dispersion KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - cancer KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+risks+from+urban+air+pollutants+in+the+southeast+Chicago+area.&rft.au=Summerhays%2C+J&rft.aulast=Summerhays&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=844&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of pentachlorophenol on the activation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene to genotoxic urinary metabolites in CD-1 mice: A comparison of GI enzyme activities and urine mutagenicity. AN - 16148337; 2699836 AB - It is of interest to determine if organochlorine compounds potentiate the effect of nitroaromatic chemicals. CD-1 mice were treated with PCP (42.8 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. On weeks 1, 2, and 4 after the initial PCP dose, mice were treated p.o. with 2,6-DNT (75 mg/kg) and 24 hr urines were collected. After concentration, the urines were tested for their mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 without metabolic activation in a microsuspension bioassay. A significant increase (P < .05) in mutagenicity was observed in urines from mice treated with 2,6-DNT alone and in combination with PCP. By week 4, mice that received both 2,6-DNT and PCP excreted urine that was more mutagenic than that from animals which received only 2,6-DNT. At weeks 2 and 4, mice were sacrificed and intestinal enzyme activities (nitroreductase, azo reductase, beta -glucuronidase, dechlorinase, and dehydrochlorinase) were quantitated. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - George, SE AU - Chadwick, R W AU - Creason, J P AU - Kohan, MJ AU - Dekker, J P AD - Genet. Toxicol. Div., MD-68A, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 92 EP - 101 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - pentachlorophenol KW - effects on KW - metabolism KW - nitrate reductase KW - azo reductase KW - beta -glucuronidase KW - dechlorinase KW - dehydrochlorinase KW - activity KW - urine KW - mice KW - 2,6-dinitrotoluene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - mutagenicity KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16148337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Effect+of+pentachlorophenol+on+the+activation+of+2%2C6-dinitrotoluene+to+genotoxic+urinary+metabolites+in+CD-1+mice%3A+A+comparison+of+GI+enzyme+activities+and+urine+mutagenicity.&rft.au=George%2C+SE%3BChadwick%2C+R+W%3BCreason%2C+J+P%3BKohan%2C+MJ%3BDekker%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mutagenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ASTER: An integration of the AQUIRE data base and the QSAR system for use in ecological risk assessments. AN - 16147286; 2690518 AB - ASTER (ASsessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk) was designed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth (ERL-D) to assist regulators in producing ecological risk assessments. ASTER is an integration of the AQUIRE (AQUatic toxicity Information REtrieval system) and QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships) systems. AQUIRE is a data base of aquatic toxicity tests and QSAR is comprised of a data base of measured physicochemical properties, and various QSAR models that estimate physicochemical and ecotoxicological endpoints. ASTER will be available to international governmental agencies through the US EPA National Computing Center. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Russom, CL AU - Anderson, E B AU - Greenwood, B E AU - Pilli, A AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 667 EP - 670 VL - 109-110 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - AQUIRE KW - ASTER KW - QSAR KW - aquatic environments KW - chemical kinetics KW - chemical pollutants KW - data collection KW - data collections KW - ecosystem analysis KW - hazard assessment KW - molecular structure KW - risk assessment KW - risks KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - hazards KW - Marine KW - chemical pollution KW - Brackish KW - USA KW - aquatic environment KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - R2 23010:General: Models, forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16147286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=ASTER%3A+An+integration+of+the+AQUIRE+data+base+and+the+QSAR+system+for+use+in+ecological+risk+assessments.&rft.au=Russom%2C+CL%3BAnderson%2C+E+B%3BGreenwood%2C+B+E%3BPilli%2C+A&rft.aulast=Russom&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=109-110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: QSAR in Environmental Toxicology. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - molecular structure; chemical pollution; chemical pollutants; hazards; risks; chemical kinetics; data collections; aquatic environment; ecosystem analysis; risk assessment; data collection; USA; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An air quality data analysis system for interrelating effects, standards, and needed source reductions: Part 11. A lognormal model relating human lung function decrease to O sub(3) exposure. AN - 16146345; 2700234 AB - Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was measured in 21 men exercising while exposed to four O sub(3) concentrations (0.0, 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm). A lognormal multiple linear regression model was fitted to their mean FEV1 measurements to predict FEV1 percent decrease as a function of O sub(3) concentration and exposure duration. The exercise level used was probably comparable to heavy manual labor. The longest O sub(3) exposure studied was 6 h. Extrapolating cautiously to an 8-h workday of heavy manual labor, the model predicts that O sub(3) concentrations of 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm would decrease FEV1 by 9, 15, and 20 percent, respectively. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Larsen, R I AU - McDonnell, W F AU - Horstman, D H AU - Folinsbee, L J AD - US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 455 EP - 459 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - air quality KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - lung KW - ozone KW - mathematical models KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16146345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=An+air+quality+data+analysis+system+for+interrelating+effects%2C+standards%2C+and+needed+source+reductions%3A+Part+11.+A+lognormal+model+relating+human+lung+function+decrease+to+O+sub%283%29+exposure.&rft.au=Larsen%2C+R+I%3BMcDonnell%2C+W+F%3BHorstman%2C+D+H%3BFolinsbee%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; mathematical models; lung ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demonstration of in situ steam and hot-air stripping technology. AN - 16144870; 2700174 AB - The objectives of this SITE Demonstration were to determine the in situ soil concentrations before and after treatment, quantify process stream emissions (fugitive and sidestreams), determine process operating conditions, and determine if vertical migration of contaminants is occurring. Results from the SITE demonstration showed that a substantial amount of the VOCs were removed, about half the SVOCs were removed, there was very little fugitive air emissions from the operation, and what little downward migration occurred (if any) was inconsequential. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - de Percin, PR AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 873 EP - 877 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - air stripping KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - emissions KW - technology KW - volatile organic compounds KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16144870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Demonstration+of+in+situ+steam+and+hot-air+stripping+technology.&rft.au=de+Percin%2C+PR&rft.aulast=de+Percin&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - technology; volatile organic compounds; emissions ER - TY - CONF T1 - Status of polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran testing and reporting under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). AN - 16136168; 2687916 AB - The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), under the authority granted by Sections 4 and 8 of the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), has promulgated a testing and reporting Rule that requires manufacturers or importers of eleven chlorinated or brominated chemicals, structurally related to dioxins and furans, to submit analytical testing protocols for approval and carry out testing to determine whether the chemicals contain halogenated dioxins and furans above limits of quantitation set forth in the Rule. Twenty-one submissions, five for chlorinated compounds and 16 for brominated compounds, have been received under this provision of the Rule. Testing data for the chlorinated submissions have been received and have been reviewed by the USEPA. In addition, manufacturers of 29 precursors chemicals are required to submit reports describing the process conditions under which the chemicals are produced. To date, 19 chemical manufacturers have submitted 85 reports covering 93 processes employing 16 of the precursors identified in the Rule. JF - Chemosphere AU - Remmers, J C AU - Breen, J J AU - Glatz, JA AU - Canterbury, J AU - Steele, D H AU - Stanley, J S Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1125 EP - 1130 VL - 23 IS - 8-10 KW - EPA KW - federal regulations KW - dioxin KW - furans KW - laboratory testing KW - data collection KW - polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins KW - polychlorinated dibenzofurans KW - polybrominated dibenzo(p)dioxins KW - polybrominated dibenzofurans KW - government policy KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - chemical analysis KW - mass spectroscopy KW - gas chromatography KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16136168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Status+of+polyhalogenated+dibenzo-p-dioxin%2Fdibenzofuran+testing+and+reporting+under+the+Toxic+Substances+Control+Act+%28TSCA%29.&rft.au=Remmers%2C+J+C%3BBreen%2C+J+J%3BGlatz%2C+JA%3BCanterbury%2C+J%3BSteele%2C+D+H%3BStanley%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Remmers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8-10&rft.spage=1125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental impacts on the physiological mechanisms controlling xenobiotic transfer across fish gills. AN - 16119635; 2666747 AB - Fish physiologists have provided the basic information on gill morphology, gill function, and vascular dynamics with which to understand branchial flux of gases, water, and ions. This research on gill transfer mechanisms was extended to consider environmental conditions that have been reported to influence chemical exchange. Mathematical models were developed that predict gill exchange as a function of basic processes such as water flow across the gills, blood flow through the gills, partitioning of the chemical between water and blood, and diffusion between blood and water across gill epithelia. Such mechanistic models can predict the effects of environmental conditions on exchange rates of xenobiotics. JF - Physiological Zoology AU - McKim, J M AU - Erickson, R J AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 39 EP - 67 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0031-935X, 0031-935X KW - environmental effects KW - fish KW - fish physiology KW - functional morphology KW - ion transport KW - transport KW - xenobiotics KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Freshwater KW - Pisces KW - toxicants KW - Marine KW - environmental impact KW - Brackish KW - mathematical models KW - gills KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+Zoology&rft.atitle=Environmental+impacts+on+the+physiological+mechanisms+controlling+xenobiotic+transfer+across+fish+gills.&rft.au=McKim%2C+J+M%3BErickson%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=McKim&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+Zoology&rft.issn=0031935X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - functional morphology; fish; environmental impact; mathematical models; ion transport; gills; toxicants; environmental effects; xenobiotics; Pisces; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of aromatic waste air streams by soil bioreactors. AN - 16118831; 2672558 AB - Three soils were examined for the ability to degrade hydrocarbon vapors of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX). Each of these compounds are major aromatic constituents of gasolines. The soils examined were Rubicon Sand from Traverse City, Michigan, Durant Loam from Ada, Oklahoma, and Dougherty Sand from Stratford, Oklahoma. Soil columns were used to examine the effects of soil type, air flow rate and inlet vapor concentrations. Adjustment of the hydrocarbon loading rate produced removals which corresponded to first-order removal kinetics. Estimated residence times of 10 to 20 minutes produced removals of the individual inlet BTEX compounds which ranged from 8 to 39%. Increasing the residence time produced increased removals corresponding to first-order removal rates. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Miller, DE AU - Canter, L W AD - U.S. EPA, Robert S. Kerr Environ. Res. Lab., Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 300 EP - 306 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - aromatic compounds KW - soils KW - vapor KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - pollution control KW - reactors KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16118831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=Control+of+aromatic+waste+air+streams+by+soil+bioreactors.&rft.au=Miller%2C+DE%3BCanter%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress&rft.issn=02784491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reactors; waste management; pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. EPA on recycling. AN - 16115147; 2671065 AB - The U.S. EPA's offices of Solid Waste and Policy, Planning, and Evaluation are working to foster market development in support of recycling by undertaking a variety of market development projects. JF - Waste Age AU - Pratt, E AD - Munic. and Ind. Solid Waste Div., U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 67 EP - 68 VL - 22 IS - 12 SN - 0043-1001, 0043-1001 KW - EPA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - solid wastes KW - recycling KW - waste management KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16115147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Age&rft.atitle=U.S.+EPA+on+recycling.&rft.au=Pratt%2C+E&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Age&rft.issn=00431001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - recycling; solid wastes; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's testing approach for mutagenicity. AN - 16114460; 2671351 AB - This paper provides the rationale and support for the decisions the OPP will make in requiring and reviewing mutagenicity information. The regulatory requirement for mutagenicity testing to support a pesticide registration is found in the 40 CFR Part 158. The guidance as to the specific mutagenicity testing to be performed is found in the OPP's Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F, Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals (referred to as the Subdivision F guideline). JF - Mutation Research AU - Dearfield, K L AU - Auletta, A E AU - Cimino, M C AU - Moore, M M AD - U.S. EPA, OPP/HED (H7509C), 401 M St., S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 259 EP - 283 VL - 258 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - mutagenicity testing KW - US Environmental Protection Agency KW - Office of Pesticide Programs KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16114460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Considerations+in+the+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+testing+approach+for+mutagenicity.&rft.au=Dearfield%2C+K+L%3BAuletta%2C+A+E%3BCimino%2C+M+C%3BMoore%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Dearfield&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global impact of the CFC phaseout. AN - 16114335; 2670830 AB - The amendments to the Montreal Protocol and the 1990 Clean Air Act call for the accelerated reduction of fully halogenated CFCs and halons. Recent scientific data indicate that these chemicals are more damaging to the earth's ozone layer than previously thought. This ozone depletion has serious consequences for the environment and human health. These chemical compounds are scheduled for phaseout under the Montreal Protocol and Clean Air Act. Because CFC-13 and methyl chloroform are used extensively in the electronics industry worldwide, the industry and the U.S. EPA have formed a partnership to develop technically feasible, cost-effective, and environmentally sound alternatives for ozone-depleting substances. JF - Journal of the IES AU - Andersen, SO AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 17 EP - 22 VL - 34 IS - 3 KW - chlorofluorocarbons KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - electronics industry KW - government regulations KW - ozone KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SI6.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - H SI10.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16114335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+IES&rft.atitle=Global+impact+of+the+CFC+phaseout.&rft.au=Andersen%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=SO&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+IES&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; government regulations; electronics industry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stratospheric ozone protection: An EPA engineering perspective. AN - 16111888; 2671172 AB - Chlorine released into the atmosphere is a major factor in the depletion of the protective stratospheric ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol, as amended in 1990, and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, address the limits and reduction schedules to be placed on chlorine- and bromine-containing chemicals. The status of technical solutions to the problem of chlorofluorocarbons, halons, methyl chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride in the major use areas of refrigeration, foam, aerosols, fire protection, and solvents is discussed here. The discussion includes the cooperative efforts involving academia, industry, U.S. governmental organizations, and other nations who are contributing solutions to these problems. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Rhodes, W J AD - U.S. EPA, Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1579 EP - 1584 VL - 41 IS - 12 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - EPA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - chlorine KW - environmental protection KW - ozone KW - stratosphere KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SE3.24:SPACE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16111888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Stratospheric+ozone+protection%3A+An+EPA+engineering+perspective.&rft.au=Rhodes%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - stratosphere; ozone; chlorine; environmental protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communicating the risk from radon. AN - 16111552; 2670559 AB - This paper examines the relative effectiveness of alternative approaches to radon risk communication, emphasizing the implications for developing and implementing radon programs. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Fisher, A AU - McClelland, G H AU - Schulze, W D AU - Doyle, J K AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1440 EP - 1445 VL - 41 IS - 11 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - public information KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - communications KW - radon KW - risk assessment KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16111552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Communicating+the+risk+from+radon.&rft.au=Fisher%2C+A%3BMcClelland%2C+G+H%3BSchulze%2C+W+D%3BDoyle%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - communications; radon; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's SITE emerging technology program: 1991 update. AN - 16109019; 2670531 AB - The Emerging Technology Program (ETP) supports the development of technologies successfully tested at the bench- and pilot-scale level. The ETP is part of the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program which was established in 1986 under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). The goal of the SITE Program is to promote, accelerate, and make commercially available the development and use of alternative/innovative treatment technologies at hazardous waste sites. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Lewis, N M AU - Gatchett, A M AD - U.S. EPA, Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1645 EP - 1653 VL - 41 IS - 12 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - EPA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - Superfund KW - cleaning process KW - disposal sites KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16109019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+SITE+emerging+technology+program%3A+1991+update.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+N+M%3BGatchett%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - technology; disposal sites; Superfund; cleaning process ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demonstration of microfiltration technology. AN - 16108471; 2670652 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc. (DuPont) and the Oberlin Filter Company (Oberlin), undertook a field demonstration project to evaluate microfiltration technology for removal of zinc and suspended solids from wastewater. The microfiltration system utilized DuPont's Tyvek T-980 membrane filter media in conjunction with the Oberlin automatic pressure filter. The project was undertaken at the Palmerton Zinc Superfund site in April 1990 to verify the ability of the technology to remove dissolved zinc from the site's shallow groundwater. Pretreatment of the groundwater with lime for pH adjustment to precipitate dissolved zinc and other metals was included as part of the technology demonstration program. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Martin, J F AU - Topudurti, K AU - Labunski, S AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1653 EP - 1657 VL - 41 IS - 12 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - filtration KW - dissertation KW - suspended solids KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - zinc KW - membranes KW - technology KW - wastewater treatment KW - pH KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16108471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Demonstration+of+microfiltration+technology.&rft.au=Martin%2C+J+F%3BTopudurti%2C+K%3BLabunski%2C+S&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - technology; wastewater treatment; membranes; zinc; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of the environmental response team's air surveillance procedures at emergency response activities. AN - 16108232; 2670567 AB - The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Response Team (ERT) was established in October 1978 to provide technical assistance to all branches of the EPA, as well as other Federal/State governmental agencies and foreign governments in the area of environmental emergencies, such as chemical releases and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. As part of the role as a national response team for environmental emergencies, the ERT has had the opportunity to conduct air sampling and monitoring during various activities, ranging from tire fires to detonation/treatment of extremely toxic or reactive materials throughout the United States and foreign countries. JF - Spill Technology Newsletter AU - Turpin, R D AU - Campagna, PR AD - U.S. EPA-ERT (MS-101), 2890 Woodbridge Ave., Edison, NJ 08837-3679, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1 EP - 5 VL - 16 IS - 2 KW - EPA KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - materials handling KW - toxic materials KW - emergency preparedness KW - hazardous wastes KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16108232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spill+Technology+Newsletter&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+the+environmental+response+team%27s+air+surveillance+procedures+at+emergency+response+activities.&rft.au=Turpin%2C+R+D%3BCampagna%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Turpin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Spill+Technology+Newsletter&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - emergency preparedness; hazardous wastes; toxic materials; materials handling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of motor vehicle emissions - the U.S. experience. AN - 16108218; 2670687 AB - An historical overview of U.S. experience with highway motor vehicle emissions control is presented. The evolution of new motor vehicle emissions certification practice, end-of-assembly-line inspection, in-use surveillance and recall, inspection and maintenance, and antitampering programs is discussed. The changes in motor vehicle design and fuel formulation resulting from these practices are also described, along with associated changes in the characteristics of emissions. Although significant reductions of new motor vehicle emission rates have been experienced, excessive consumer tampering and poor maintenance, along with large increases in the number of roadway miles traveled, have decreased the magnitude of air quality improvements resulting from these control efforts. JF - CRC CRIT. REV. ENVIRON. CONTROL. AU - Black, F M AD - Mobile Source Emiss. Res. Branch, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 373 EP - 410 VL - 21 IS - 5-6 KW - motor vehicles KW - United States KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - emission control KW - air quality KW - historical account KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H ST2.26:EMISSIONS AND EMISSION CONTROL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16108218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CRC+CRIT.+REV.+ENVIRON.+CONTROL.&rft.atitle=Control+of+motor+vehicle+emissions+-+the+U.S.+experience.&rft.au=Black%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CRC+CRIT.+REV.+ENVIRON.+CONTROL.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - automotive exhaust emissions; emission control; historical account; air quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimization of combustion by-products: Regulatory framework. AN - 16106932; 2663238 AB - This paper addresses the issue of combustion by-products (CBPs) from the following major solid waste thermal treatment activities: (1) hazardous waste incineration; (2) municipal waste incineration; (3) medical waste incineration; (4) Superfund waste incineration; (5) toxic substances incineration; and (6) sludge waste incineration. To address the CBP issue from its roots, this paper will discuss its regulatory framework that exists in the United States. JF - HAZARDOUS WASTE HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Lee, C C AU - Huffman, G L AD - U.S. EPA, Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 367 EP - 382 VL - 8 IS - 4 KW - combustion KW - by products KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - incineration KW - federal regulations KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16106932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Minimization+of+combustion+by-products%3A+Regulatory+framework.&rft.au=Lee%2C+C+C%3BHuffman%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - incineration; federal regulations; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climate change and isoprene emissions from vegetation. AN - 16092508; 2651551 AB - A global model was developed for estimating spatial and temporal patterns in the emission of isoprene from vegetation under the current climate. Results were then used to evaluate potential emissions under doubled-CO sub(2) climate scenarios. Current emissions were estimated on the basis of vegetation type, foliar biomass (derived from the satellite-generated Global Vegetation Index), and global databases for air temperature and photoperiod. The model had a monthly time step and the spatial resolution was 0.5 degrees latitude and longitude. Emissions under patterns of precipitation and temperature projected for a doubling of atmospheric CO sub(2) were estimated based on predicted changes in the areal extent of different vegetation types, each having a specific rate of annual isoprene emissions. The global total for current emissions was 285 Tg. The calculated isoprene emissions under a doubled-CO sub(2) climate were about 25% higher than current emissions due mainly to the expansion of tropical humid forests which had the highest annual emission rates. JF - Chemosphere AU - Turner, D P AU - Baglio, J V AU - Wones, A G AU - Pross, D AU - Vong, R AU - McVeety, B D AU - Philips, D L AD - ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 37 EP - 56 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - climate changes KW - emission KW - isoprene KW - emissions KW - carbon dioxide KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - vegetation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16092508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Climate+change+and+isoprene+emissions+from+vegetation.&rft.au=Turner%2C+D+P%3BBaglio%2C+J+V%3BWones%2C+A+G%3BPross%2C+D%3BVong%2C+R%3BMcVeety%2C+B+D%3BPhilips%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vegetation; emissions; carbon dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating pollution prevention into water programs. AN - 16089872; 2651538 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Water has adopted pollution prevention as a basic principle and is actively working to integrate prevention strategies into its programs. The Office of Water is changing the orientation of the effluent guidelines program by putting more emphasis on prevention opportunities at all stages of the industrial process, rather than concentrating on what wastewater treatment technology can achieve at the end of the pipe. JF - Pollution Engineering AU - Daub, V M AD - Water Pol. Staff, Off. Water, U.S. EPA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 17 EP - 20 VL - 23 IS - 7 SN - 0032-3640, 0032-3640 KW - EPA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - effluent treatment KW - wastewater treatment KW - water pollution KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16089872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pollution+Engineering&rft.atitle=Integrating+pollution+prevention+into+water+programs.&rft.au=Daub%2C+V+M&rft.aulast=Daub&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pollution+Engineering&rft.issn=00323640&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water pollution; wastewater treatment; effluent treatment ER - TY - CONF T1 - Closure of a dioxin incineration facility. AN - 16088983; 2651870 AB - The US.S. Environmental Protection Agency Mobile Incineration System, which was operated at the Denney Farm site in southwestern Missouri between October 1985 and June 1989, treated almost six million kilograms of dioxin-contaminated wastes from eight area sites. At the conclusion of operations, the site soils, equipment, and buildings were decontaminated following approved closure plans. The closure operation and closure certification process are described in this paper. JF - Chemosphere AU - Perdek, J M AU - Freestone, F J AU - Sandifer, D AU - Sherman, A Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1295 EP - 1305 VL - 23 IS - 8-10 KW - EPA KW - Missouri KW - dioxin KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - decontamination KW - incineration plants KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16088983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Closure+of+a+dioxin+incineration+facility.&rft.au=Perdek%2C+J+M%3BFreestone%2C+F+J%3BSandifer%2C+D%3BSherman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Perdek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8-10&rft.spage=1295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neonatal exposure to trimethyltin disrupts spatial delayed alternation learning in preweanling rats. AN - 16082578; 2645547 AB - Trimethyltin is an organotin compound that produces marked neurotoxicity in both adult and developing animals. The limbic system is a primary CNS target site for this toxicity, and a prominent behavioral effect of TMT is disruption of learning and memory. Impairment of cognitive development has also been suggested by studies showing that rats neonatally exposed to TMT cannot perform spatial working memory tasks during adulthood. However, the question of how early in ontogeny such deficits can be detected has not been addressed. The present study examined this question with a T-maze delayed alternation learning paradigm. Long-Evans rat pups, injected IP on Postnatal Day 10 (PND 10) with 6 mg/kg TMT and tested on PND 18, were unable to learn delayed alternation in the manner shown by vehicle control pups. However, TMT- and vehicle-treated groups were both able to learn a simple position discrimination. These findings indicate a selective impairment of spatial working memory by neonatal TMT exposure and show that this impairment can be demonstrated during the preweanling period in the rat. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Stanton, ME AU - Jensen, K F AU - Pickens, C V AD - HERL(MD-74B), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 525 EP - 530 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - trimethyltin KW - learning KW - rats KW - heavy metals KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - prenatal experience KW - memory KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - N3 11139:Toxicological and psychoactive drug correlates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16082578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Neonatal+exposure+to+trimethyltin+disrupts+spatial+delayed+alternation+learning+in+preweanling+rats.&rft.au=Stanton%2C+ME%3BJensen%2C+K+F%3BPickens%2C+C+V&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - memory; prenatal experience ER - TY - CONF T1 - Wind tunnel and Gaussian plume modeling of building wake dispersion. AN - 16078461; 2630852 AB - This paper summarizes a study of the relationship between Gaussian plume models and wind tunnel models. Wind tunnel measurements of the distribution of tracer concentrations downwind of a point source in the near wake of a rectangular model building were evaluated. Profiles of mean velocity and turbulence were measured to characterize the flow. These experiments were conducted in both a low-turbulence boundary layer and a simulated atmospheric boundary layer. The study covered a range of four flow speeds and four different sized buildings. The differences in observed velocity and concentrations between the results for the low-turbulence and simulated atmospheric boundary layer flow were not significant than 10 times the building height. JF - Atmospheric Environment, Part A AU - Huber, AH Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1237 EP - 1249 VL - 25A IS - 7 KW - buildings KW - pollutant dispersion KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - mathematical models KW - turbulence KW - air quality KW - wind tunnels KW - tracers KW - boundary layers KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16078461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Wind+tunnel+and+Gaussian+plume+modeling+of+building+wake+dispersion.&rft.au=Huber%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Huber&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25A&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00046981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of ozone on immunoglobulin production by human B cells in vitro. AN - 16077880; 2631209 AB - Animal studies indicate that ozone (O sub(3)) inhalation results in reduced ability to generate a humoral response to soluble and particulate antigens. In this study, human lymphocytes have been exposed to O sub(3) in vitro (1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 ppm/2 h) and then evaluated for the ability of B cells to produce immunoglobulin G (IgG) in response to the T-cell-dependent stimulus pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and to the T-cell-independent stimulus Staphylococcus aureus) Cowan I strain (SAC). Suppression of IgG production was found with O sub(3)-exposed PWM-stimulated lymphocytes, while no effect of O sub(3) was seen with SAC-stimulated cells, suggesting that T cells, but not B cells, were sensitive to O sub(3). Exposing either cell type alone to O sub(3) indicated that both T cells and B cells were affected by the pollutant. The O sub(3)-exposed B cells produced less IgG in response to PWM but produced more IgG in response to SAC. A decrease in IL-2 production was found, while IL-6 production was significantly increased. IFN- gamma secretion was not altered, and IL-4 levels were below the limits of detectability. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Becker, S AU - Quay, J AU - Koren, H S AD - EPA Clin. Res. Branch, Res. Build. C, CB 7315, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 353 EP - 366 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - ozone KW - effects on KW - production KW - in vitro KW - interleukin KW - Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - immunoglobulin G KW - gamma -interferon KW - lymphocytes B KW - man KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - F 06786:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16077880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ozone+on+immunoglobulin+production+by+human+B+cells+in+vitro.&rft.au=Becker%2C+S%3BQuay%2C+J%3BKoren%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunoglobulin G; lymphocytes B; man; gamma -interferon ER - TY - CONF T1 - Flow and dispersion of pollutants within two-dimensional valleys. AN - 16069773; 2621414 AB - Wind tunnel experiments and a theoretical model concerning the flow structure and pollutant diffusion over two-dimensional valleys of varying aspect ratio are described and compared. Three model valleys were used, having small, medium, and steep slopes. Measurements of mean and turbulent velocity fields were made upstream, within and downwind of each of these valleys. Concentration distributions were measured downwind of tracer sources placed at an array of locations within each of the valleys. The data are displayed as maps of terrain amplification factors, defined as the ratios of maximum ground-level concentrations in the presence of the valleys to the maxima observed from sources of the same height located in flat terrain. These data were also compared with results of a mathematical model for treating flow and dispersion over two-dimensional complex terrain. This model used the wind tunnel measurements to generate mean flow fields and eddy diffusivities, and these applied in the numerical solution of the diffusion equation. JF - Atmospheric Environment, Part A AU - Snyder, W H AU - Khurshudyan, L H AU - Nekrasov, I V AU - Lawson, RE Jr AU - Thompson, R S Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1347 EP - 1375 VL - 25A IS - 7 KW - boundary layers KW - pollutant dispersion KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - wind tunnels KW - atmosphere KW - mathematical models KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16069773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Flow+and+dispersion+of+pollutants+within+two-dimensional+valleys.&rft.au=Snyder%2C+W+H%3BKhurshudyan%2C+L+H%3BNekrasov%2C+I+V%3BLawson%2C+RE+Jr%3BThompson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25A&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00046981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Preliminary studies of video images of smoke dispersion in the near wake of a model building. AN - 16068375; 2621425 AB - A summary of analyses of video images of smoke in a wind tunnel study of dispersion in the near wake of a model building is presented. The analyses provide information on both the instantaneous and time-average patterns of dispersion. Since the images represent vertically-integrated or crosswind-integrated smoke concentration, only the primary spatial and temporal scales of pollutant dispersion can be examined. Special graphic displays of the results are presented to assist in the data interpretation. The video image format is shown to have great potential as an easily quantifiable electronic medium for studying the dispersion of smoke. JF - Atmospheric Environment, Part A AU - Huber, AH AU - Arya, S P AU - Rajala, SA AU - Borek, J W Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1199 EP - 1209 VL - 25A IS - 7 KW - smoke KW - pollutant dispersion KW - imaging systems KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - wind KW - buildings KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16068375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Preliminary+studies+of+video+images+of+smoke+dispersion+in+the+near+wake+of+a+model+building.&rft.au=Huber%2C+AH%3BArya%2C+S+P%3BRajala%2C+SA%3BBorek%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Huber&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25A&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00046981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ten- and ninety-day toxicity studies of 1,2-dichlorobenzene administered by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 16064874; 2623961 AB - Ten- and ninety-day toxicity studies of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) were conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to meet the needs of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for toxicity data on this chemical. JF - Drug and Chemical Toxicology AU - Robinson, M AU - Bercz, J P AU - Ringhand, H P AU - Condie, L W AU - Parnell, MJ AD - Environ. Toxicol. Div., Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 83 EP - 112 VL - 14 IS - 1-2 SN - 0148-0545, 0148-0545 KW - 1,2-dichlorobenzene KW - oral administration KW - acute toxicity KW - chronic toxicity KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16064874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Ten-+and+ninety-day+toxicity+studies+of+1%2C2-dichlorobenzene+administered+by+oral+gavage+to+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+M%3BBercz%2C+J+P%3BRinghand%2C+H+P%3BCondie%2C+L+W%3BParnell%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen correction factors and their applications to oxygen-enriched incinerators. AN - 16063238; 2620591 AB - Environmental regulations require that the flue gas emissions of pollutants, like particulates, carbon monoxides, etc. from the incineration of wastes meet the standards after correction to a common base of 7% oxygen. Facilities that use oxygen-enriched air for combustion, require adjustment to the traditionally used correction factor formulae to account for the reduced gas volumes. This paper evaluates the extent of potential inaccuracy introduced by the correction factors in a specific application and provides a more rigorous correction formulae. JF - Waste Management AU - Garg, S AU - Cstaldini, C AD - Off. Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 79 EP - 83 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0956-053X, 0956-053X KW - carbon monoxide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - incinerators KW - oxygen KW - combustion KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16063238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Oxygen+correction+factors+and+their+applications+to+oxygen-enriched+incinerators.&rft.au=Garg%2C+S%3BCstaldini%2C+C&rft.aulast=Garg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Incineration. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - incinerators; waste management; oxygen; combustion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multispectral identification of alkyl and chloroalkyl phosphates from an industrial effluent. AN - 16063026; 2620852 AB - Multispectral techniques (gas chromatography combined with low and high resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry, low and high resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) were used to identify 13 alkyl and chloroalkyl phosphates in a water sample taken from the effluent of a plant that manufactures fire-retardant chemicals. Of the 13 phosphates identified, only 4 were located in library mass spectral data bases; thus, techniques other than conventional low resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry with data base matching were required. Several of the identified phosphates are commonly used fire retardants; however, three exhibited chemical structures different from those of the commercially manufactured fire retardants and the reactants used in their synthesis. JF - Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry AU - Thruston, AD Jr AU - Richardson, S D AU - McGuire, J M AU - Collette, T W AU - Trusty, C D AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 419 EP - 426 VL - 2 IS - 5 SN - 1044-0305, 1044-0305 KW - phosphates KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - industrial effluents KW - water sampling KW - mass spectroscopy KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16063026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Society+for+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Multispectral+identification+of+alkyl+and+chloroalkyl+phosphates+from+an+industrial+effluent.&rft.au=Thruston%2C+AD+Jr%3BRichardson%2C+S+D%3BMcGuire%2C+J+M%3BCollette%2C+T+W%3BTrusty%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Thruston&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Society+for+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.issn=10440305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - industrial effluents; gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy; water sampling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of gas-phase Cl sub(2) in the formation of PCDD/PCDF during waste combustion. AN - 16058920; 2620528 AB - Results of previous experiments investigating formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) through low-temperature (300 degree C), fly-ash-catalyzed reactions are demonstrated to have occurred through intermediate formation of gas-phase Cl sub(2) by decomposition of the added catalyst, CuCl sub(2). The dependence of PCDD/PCDF formation rates on Cl sub(2) concentration is shown and the implications of the Deacon process on these rates discussed. A scheme for controlling the formation of PCDD/PCDF during incineration using sorbent materials to remove the source of Cl at high temperatures is proposed. JF - Waste Management AU - Bruce, K R AU - Beach, LO AU - Gullett, B K AD - U.S. EPA, Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 97 EP - 102 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0956-053X, 0956-053X KW - waste treatment KW - incineration KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - fly ash KW - PCDF KW - combustion KW - PCDD KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16058920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management&rft.atitle=The+role+of+gas-phase+Cl+sub%282%29+in+the+formation+of+PCDD%2FPCDF+during+waste+combustion.&rft.au=Bruce%2C+K+R%3BBeach%2C+LO%3BGullett%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Incineration. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PCDD; PCDF; combustion; fly ash ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mercury deposition and sources for the upper Great Lakes region. AN - 16056872; 2617316 AB - Mercury concentrations and depositions for northeastern Minnesota were measured in precipitation to investigate depositional trends, relationships with major cations and anions, and possible source emission regions. Results for 1987-1990 showed that environmentally significant amounts of Hg are present in precipitation and air and are subsequently deposited to remote lake watersheds. Volume-weighted concentrations of total Hg in precipitation averaged about 18 ng Hg L super(-1) with calculated annual depositions near 15 mu g Hg m super(-2). Mercury concentrations in precipitation are positively correlated with the major ions, conductivity, and pH, and are negatively correlated with precipitation volume. The best predictor equation from stepwise regression has an r super(2) of 0.65 with Mg and chloride concentrations as predictor variables. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Glass, GE AU - Sorensen, JA AU - Schmidt, K W AU - Rapp, GR Jr AU - Yap, D AU - Fraser, D Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 235 EP - 249 VL - 56 KW - mercury KW - Minnesota KW - Great Lakes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - precipitation KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16056872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Mercury+deposition+and+sources+for+the+upper+Great+Lakes+region.&rft.au=Glass%2C+GE%3BSorensen%2C+JA%3BSchmidt%2C+K+W%3BRapp%2C+GR+Jr%3BYap%2C+D%3BFraser%2C+D&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening of commercial inocula for efficacy in stimulating oil biodegradation in closed laboratory system. AN - 16056599; 2613046 AB - On February, 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a public solicitation for proposals to the bioremediation industry on testing the efficacy of commercial microbial products for enhancing degradation of weathered Alaskan crude oil. The Agency commissioned the National Environmental Technology Applications Corporation (NETAC), a non-profit corporation dedicated to the commercialization of environmental technologies, to convene a panel of experts to review the proposals and choose those that offered the most promise for success in the field. Forty proposals were submitted, and 11 were selected for the first phase of a two-tiered testing protocol (only 10 were tested because one company did not participate). The laboratory testing consisted of electrolytic respirometers set up to measure oxygen uptake over time and shake flasks to measure oil degradation and microbial growth. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Venosa, AD AU - Haines, J R AU - Nisamaneepong, W AU - Govind, R AU - Pradhan, S AU - Siddique, B AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 131 EP - 144 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 KW - experimental research KW - laboratory testing KW - oil KW - oil removal KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Marine KW - biodegradation KW - oil pollution KW - INE, USA, Alaska KW - bioremediation KW - biotechnology KW - microbiology KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16056599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Screening+of+commercial+inocula+for+efficacy+in+stimulating+oil+biodegradation+in+closed+laboratory+system.&rft.au=Venosa%2C+AD%3BHaines%2C+J+R%3BNisamaneepong%2C+W%3BGovind%2C+R%3BPradhan%2C+S%3BSiddique%2C+B&rft.aulast=Venosa&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biotechnology; biodegradation; experimental research; oil pollution; bioremediation; microbiology; oil removal; laboratory testing; INE, USA, Alaska; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating product yields of carbon-containing products from the atmospheric photooxidation of ambient air alkenes. AN - 16056598; 2617844 AB - The yields of products have been calculated for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals and ozone with 19 of the two-through-six carbon anthropogenic alkenes. Based on their rate of reaction, mechanisms of reactions and the ambient air distribution for these alkenes their seasonal ambient air yields have been estimated. Aldehydes predominate as products irrespective of season, with smaller yields of several ketones. Other minor products include carboxylic acids, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and alkenes. About a two-fold increase is estimated in the yields of "hot" biradicals and their products from summer to winter. JF - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry AU - Altshuller, A P AD - Atmos. Res. and Exposure Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 131 EP - 154 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7764, 0167-7764 KW - ozone KW - alkenes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chemistry KW - photooxidation KW - troposphere KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16056598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Atmospheric+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Estimating+product+yields+of+carbon-containing+products+from+the+atmospheric+photooxidation+of+ambient+air+alkenes.&rft.au=Altshuller%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Altshuller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Atmospheric+Chemistry&rft.issn=01677764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - troposphere; chemistry; photooxidation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioremediation as a technology: Experiences with the Exxon Valdez oil spill. AN - 16055375; 2613140 AB - The results from our spill bioremediation project have demonstrated convincingly that fertilizers can be applied to oiled beaches to overcome nutrient limitations, thereby enhancing biodegradation of the oil. In Prince William Sound, the natural biodegradation rate of oil on the beaches was found to be quite high, primarily because of small concentrations of ammonia and phosphate in seawater that are introduced into the beach material with each tide. However, the addition of fertilizers was capable of increasing this biodegradation as much as two to three fold above background activity. In addition, the extent of enhanced degradation was such that beaches became visually cleaner and aesthetically improved. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Pritchard, PH AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, 1250 Tall Pine Terrace, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 115 EP - 130 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 KW - Alaska, Prince William Sound KW - Exxon Valdez KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Prince William Sound KW - oil removal KW - oil spills KW - tanker ships KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts KW - marine pollution KW - sediment pollution KW - beaches KW - pollution control KW - Marine KW - biodegradation KW - oil pollution KW - bioremediation KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16055375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Bioremediation+as+a+technology%3A+Experiences+with+the+Exxon+Valdez+oil+spill.&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - beaches; biodegradation; marine pollution; oil pollution; sediment pollution; bioremediation; pollution control; oil removal; tanker ships; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The production of carbon monoxide by the homogeneous NO sub(x)-induced photooxidation of volatile organic compounds in the troposphere. AN - 16055349; 2617868 AB - The reaction mechanisms of products, along with their rates of reaction with hydroxyl radicals and their rates of photolysis, have been used to obtain carbon monoxide, CO, yields from the products of the homogeneous atmospheric photooxidation from emissions of hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds, VOCs. Seasonally averaged CO yields are estimated for a number of types of VOCs. The annual production of CO is estimated for the contiguous United States from combustion sources of CO and from the atmospheric photooxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds. Limitations on estimates of CO yields and of CO production from various heterogeneous processes are discussed. JF - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry AU - Altshuller, A P AD - Atmos. Res. and Exposure Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 155 EP - 182 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7764, 0167-7764 KW - carbon monoxide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - volatile organic compounds KW - atmosphere KW - photooxidation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16055349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Atmospheric+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+production+of+carbon+monoxide+by+the+homogeneous+NO+sub%28x%29-induced+photooxidation+of+volatile+organic+compounds+in+the+troposphere.&rft.au=Altshuller%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Altshuller&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Atmospheric+Chemistry&rft.issn=01677764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - photooxidation; volatile organic compounds; atmosphere ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fundamental approach to service life of flexible membrane liner's (FML's). AN - 16054729; 2619808 AB - Predicting the service life of flexible membrane liners (FML's) exposed to chemicals has usually been done by physical or mechanical changes after exposure. The report summarized here presents an alternative approach--that to water for periods up to fifteen months were tested by five different chemicals and transport related measurements. The results indicated that monitoring the transport properties of FML's exposed to particular chemicals over a reasonable exposure time could be considered as one possible method for predicting an FML's lifetime. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Lord, AE Jr AU - Koerner, R M AD - U.S. EPA Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 365 EP - 369 VL - 26 IS - 3 KW - membranes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - materials testing KW - landfills KW - risk assessment KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16054729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Fundamental+approach+to+service+life+of+flexible+membrane+liner%27s+%28FML%27s%29.&rft.au=Lord%2C+AE+Jr%3BKoerner%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=AE&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - materials testing; risk assessment; landfills ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting chemical reactivity by computer. AN - 16053671; 2620133 AB - Mathematical models for predicting the fate of pollutants in the environment require reactivity parameter values-that is, the physical and chemical constants that govern reactivity. Although empirical structure-activity relationships have been developed that allow estimation of some constants, such relationships generally hold only within limited families of chemicals. Computer programs are under development that predict chemical reactivity strictly from molecular structure for a broad range of molecular structures. A prototype computer system called SPARC (SPARC Performs Automated Reasoning in Chemistry) uses computational algorithms based on fundamental chemical structure theory to estimate a variety of reactivity parameters. This paper describes the logic of the approach to chemistry prediction and provides an overview of the computational procedures. Additional papers are in preparation describing in detail the chemical models and specific applications. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Karickhoff, S W AU - McDaniel, V K AU - Melton, C AU - Vellino, AN AU - Nute, DE AU - Carreira, LA AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1405 EP - 1416 VL - 10 IS - 11 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - chemical reactions KW - computer programmes KW - environmental pollutants KW - mathematical models KW - physicochemical properties KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16053671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Predicting+chemical+reactivity+by+computer.&rft.au=Karickhoff%2C+S+W%3BMcDaniel%2C+V+K%3BMelton%2C+C%3BVellino%2C+AN%3BNute%2C+DE%3BCarreira%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Karickhoff&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - physicochemical properties; mathematical models ER - TY - CONF T1 - Bioventing to treat fuel spills from underground storage tanks. AN - 16051393; 2613887 AB - Bioventilation is a procedure to cleanse soil gas of volatile fuel hydrocarbons originating from storage tank leaks. The rate of vapor degradation is a controlling parameter in the design of a bioventing system. A laboratory microcosm procedure using sandy soil from an aviation gasoline spill site was used to measure relative kinetics of some fuel vapors. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Kampbell, D H AU - Wilson, J T Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 75 EP - 80 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 KW - ventilation KW - vapor KW - monitoring measurements KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - fuels KW - hydrocarbons KW - cleaning process KW - contamination KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16051393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Bioventing+to+treat+fuel+spills+from+underground+storage+tanks.&rft.au=Kampbell%2C+D+H%3BWilson%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Kampbell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RCRA cover systems for waste management facilities. AN - 16051081; 2619414 AB - The closure of waste management facilities, whether Subtitle C, Subtitle D or CERCLA, requires consideration of site-specific information, the Federal regulations and applicability of state regulations and the liquids management strategy. This paper will present the current EPA guidance for covers at hazardous waste facilities. Also discussed are insights into the proposed Subtitle D and CERCLA requirements for closure. JF - Geotextiles and Geomembranes AU - Landreth, R E AU - Carson, DA AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Off. Res. and Dev., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 383 EP - 391 VL - 10 IS - 5-6 SN - 0266-1144, 0266-1144 KW - RCRA KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - waste management KW - leachates KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16051081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geotextiles+and+Geomembranes&rft.atitle=RCRA+cover+systems+for+waste+management+facilities.&rft.au=Landreth%2C+R+E%3BCarson%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Landreth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geotextiles+and+Geomembranes&rft.issn=02661144&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - waste management; EPA; leachates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program, EMAP--surface waters: A northeast lakes pilot. AN - 16049076; 2613339 AB - In response to a growing need for statistically sound information on status and trends in the condition of the nation's ecosystems, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing and implementing the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). The national design is based on a systematic grid of randomly placed points, so that conditions and trends can be estimated with known uncertainty. Lake condition will be assessed primarily through biological measurements; physical, chemical, and landscape information will be used to support and interpret conditions estimated by the biological indicators. In late summer of 1991, EMAP-Surface Waters will conduct a pilot lake assessment in the northeastern United States. This paper describes the EMAP design and indicators strategy tailored for lakes, with examples showing how these indicators can describe condition and trends at national and regional scales. JF - LAKE RESERVOIR MANAGE. AU - Larsen, D P AU - Stevens, D L AU - Selle, A R AU - Paulsen, S G AD - U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1 EP - 11 VL - 7 IS - 1 KW - United States KW - biological properties KW - environmental monitoring KW - freshwater lakes KW - performance KW - performance assessment KW - research programmes KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - physicochemical properties KW - environment management KW - lakes KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - resource management KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08105:Research programmes, expeditions and vessels KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q2 09105:Research programmes and expeditions KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16049076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LAKE+RESERVOIR+MANAGE.&rft.atitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment+Program%2C+EMAP--surface+waters%3A+A+northeast+lakes+pilot.&rft.au=Larsen%2C+D+P%3BStevens%2C+D+L%3BSelle%2C+A+R%3BPaulsen%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=LAKE+RESERVOIR+MANAGE.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - freshwater lakes; research programmes; physicochemical properties; lakes; environment management; biological properties; performance assessment; resource management; performance; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A test of criteria for introduced species: The global invasion by the isopod Synidotea laevidorsalis (Miers, 1881). AN - 16041266; 2609514 AB - Criteria for distinguishing introduced from endemic peracaridan crustaceans were used to deduce that a human-borne global invasion by the Oriental isopod Synidotea laevidorsalis (Miers, 1881) has occurred in the past 100 years. These criteria concern the ecological, evolutionary, and geographical attributes of introduced species. The criteria were used first to hypothesize that Synidotea laticauda is an introduced species in the eastern Pacific that arrived on the hulls of nineteenth-century sailing ships. This hypothesis was tested by searching for previously described conspecifics throughout the world. The search culminated in discoveries that Synidotea laticauda Benedict, 1897 of the eastern Pacific and Synidotea marplatensis (Giambiagi, 1922) of the Atlantic coast of South America are misidentified populations and thus synonymies of S. laevidorsalis. Synidotea brunnea Pires and Moreira, 1975, of central Brazil is also a probable junior synonym of S. laevidorsalis . The discovery of these synonymies was thus based upon predictive criteria rather than inductive classical, taxonomic revisions. JF - Journal of crustacean biology. Washington DC AU - Chapman, J W AU - Carlton, J T AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365-5260, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 386 EP - 400 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0278-0372, 0278-0372 KW - introduced species KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Isopoda KW - Synidotea KW - invasions KW - biogeography KW - D 04665:Crustaceans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16041266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+crustacean+biology.+Washington+DC&rft.atitle=A+test+of+criteria+for+introduced+species%3A+The+global+invasion+by+the+isopod+Synidotea+laevidorsalis+%28Miers%2C+1881%29.&rft.au=Chapman%2C+J+W%3BCarlton%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+crustacean+biology.+Washington+DC&rft.issn=02780372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Synidotea; Isopoda; biogeography; invasions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The urotoxic effects of N,N'-dimethylamino-propionitrile. 2. In vivo and in vitro metabolism. AN - 16031225; 2604528 AB - The urotoxicity and metabolism of N,N'-dimethylamino-propionitrile (DMAPN) were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals treated with 525 mg DMAPN/kg or equimolar doses of commercially available potential DMAPN metabolites showed varying levels of urinary retention. About 44% of the administered dose of DMAPN was excreted unchanged in 5 days. beta -Aminopropionitrile and cyanoacetic acid were identified as urinary metabolites. The urinary excretion of cyanoacetic acid was nonlinearly proportional to the volume of urine retained in the bladders. In vitro, the metabolism of DMAPN to cyanide, formaldehyde, and cyanoacetic acid was localized mostly in the microsomal fraction of liver, kidney, and urinary bladders. This reaction required NADPH and oxygen for maximal activity. Metabolism of DMAPN was increased in hepatic microsomes obtained from phenobarbital-treated rats (220% of control) and decreased following CoCl sub(2) treatments (73% of controls). JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Mumtaz, M M AU - Farooqui, MYH AU - Ghanayem, B I AU - Ahmed, A E AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Res. and Dev., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 61 EP - 69 VL - 110 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - N,N'-dimethylaminopropionitrile KW - metabolism KW - rats KW - dimethylaminopropionitrile KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - urinary tract KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16031225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=The+urotoxic+effects+of+N%2CN%27-dimethylamino-propionitrile.+2.+In+vivo+and+in+vitro+metabolism.&rft.au=Mumtaz%2C+M+M%3BFarooqui%2C+MYH%3BGhanayem%2C+B+I%3BAhmed%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Mumtaz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - urinary tract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of the mutagenic and DNA adduct-inducing components from a commercial preparation of HC Blue 1 using Salmonella (TA98) bioassay-directed HPLC fractionation. AN - 16030345; 2606284 AB - In the present study we report the separation of the mutagenic impurities from the nitrophenylenediamine hair dye HC Blue 1. This was accomplished by bioassay-directed HPLC fractionation, using Salmonella strain TA98 and reverse phase HPLC analysis. The mutagenic fraction eluted between 80 and 90% methanol, whereas the HPLC fraction containing the parent compound HC Blue 1 eluted with 30% methanol and was non-mutagenic. 100% of the mutagenic activity applied to the column was recovered in fractions that did not possess the blue color of HC Blue 1. Also, HPLC-purified HC Blue 1 did not form DNA adducts ( super(32)P-postlabeling) in Salmonella strain TA98. On the other hand, commercial HC Blue 1 and the mutagenic fraction derived from commercial HC Blue 1 (HPLC-isolated) gave similar DNA-adduct profiles that consisted of 7 adducts. JF - Mutation Research AU - Abu-Shakra, A AU - Johnson, L AU - Earley, K AU - Jameson, C W AU - Kari, F W AU - Gupta, R AU - Langenbach, R AD - Genet. Toxicol. Div. (MD 68A), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 377 EP - 385 VL - 260 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - HC Blue No. 1 KW - components KW - adducts KW - isolation KW - hair dyes KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - mutation KW - mutagenicity KW - dyes KW - DNA KW - hair KW - X 24140:Cosmetics, toiletries & household products KW - H SI6.23:COSMETIC INDUSTRIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16030345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+the+mutagenic+and+DNA+adduct-inducing+components+from+a+commercial+preparation+of+HC+Blue+1+using+Salmonella+%28TA98%29+bioassay-directed+HPLC+fractionation.&rft.au=Abu-Shakra%2C+A%3BJohnson%2C+L%3BEarley%2C+K%3BJameson%2C+C+W%3BKari%2C+F+W%3BGupta%2C+R%3BLangenbach%2C+R&rft.aulast=Abu-Shakra&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=260&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mutagenicity; DNA; dyes; mutation; hair; hair dyes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acquisition and loss of a neuronal Ca super(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase during neuronal differentiation. AN - 16025201; 2592426 AB - Calcium ions play a critical role in neural development. Insights into the ontogeny of Ca super(2+)-signaling pathways were gained by investigating the developmental expression of granule cell-enriched Ca super(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase-Gr) in the cerebellum and hippocampus of the rat. Neurons of these brain regions displayed characteristic schedules by which they acquired and lost CaM kinase-Gr during differentiation. Subcellular localization together with the scheduled expression of CaM kinase-Gr can serve to regulate a developing neuron's sensitivity to Ca super(2+) at different subcellular levels. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Jensen, K F AU - Ohmstede, CA AU - Fisher, R S AU - Olin, J K AU - Sahyoun, N AD - Neurotoxicol. Div., Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 4050 EP - 4053 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - calcium KW - calmodulin KW - dependent KW - differentiation KW - neurons KW - protein kinase KW - rats KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - N3 11044:Mammals (except primates) KW - T 20019:Cellular calcium, channels and currents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16025201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Acquisition+and+loss+of+a+neuronal+Ca+super%282%2B%29%2Fcalmodulin-dependent+protein+kinase+during+neuronal+differentiation.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+K+F%3BOhmstede%2C+CA%3BFisher%2C+R+S%3BOlin%2C+J+K%3BSahyoun%2C+N&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4050&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resuscitation effects of catalase on airborne bacteria. AN - 16023681; 2600214 AB - Catalase incorporation into enumeration media caused a significant increase (> 63%) in the colony-forming abilities of airborne bacteria. Incubation for 30 to 60 min of airborne bacteria in collection fluid containing catalase caused a > 95% increase in colony-forming ability. However, catalase did not have any effects on enumeration at high relative humidities (80 to 90%). JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Marthi, B AU - Shaffer, B T AU - Lighthart, B AU - Ganio, L AD - U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 2775 EP - 2776 VL - 57 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - media (isolation) KW - recovery KW - enumeration KW - resuscitation effects KW - catalase KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - aerosols KW - airborne bacteria KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - J 02908:Air KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - A 01103:General KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16023681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Resuscitation+effects+of+catalase+on+airborne+bacteria.&rft.au=Marthi%2C+B%3BShaffer%2C+B+T%3BLighthart%2C+B%3BGanio%2C+L&rft.aulast=Marthi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2775&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas syringae; airborne bacteria; aerosols ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The new Clean Air Act operating permit program: EPA's proposed regulations. AN - 16022330; 2583780 AB - The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments added a new Title V to the Act which establishes an operating permit program for numerous sources of air pollution. Certain sources are currently required to obtain a construction or "new source review" permit; the 1990 Amendments will require many more sources to apply for a permit which will give them permission to operate. CAA Title V was modeled on the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit provisions of the Clean Water Act, but there are important differences between the two statutes. Although many states already have their own operating permit programs, by late 1993 every state must establish a program that meets the requirements of Title V and EPA's implementing regulations. EPA recently proposed these regulations, and by the statutory deadline of November 15, 1991 hopes to issue final regulations establishing the minimum elements of state operating permit programs. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Novello, D P AD - Off. General Counsel, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1038 EP - 1044 VL - 41 IS - 8 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Clean Air Act KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - federal programs KW - economics KW - air pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16022330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=The+new+Clean+Air+Act+operating+permit+program%3A+EPA%27s+proposed+regulations.&rft.au=Novello%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Novello&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1038&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution control; EPA; federal programs; economics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of commercial disperse dyes in sediments. AN - 16021069; 2591149 AB - Kinetics of disappearance of seven different disperse dyes were determined in compacted sediments at room temperature. The commercial dyes (in dispersed soil form) were representative of nitroazo, anthraquinone, and quinoline structures that are widely used. Reaction rates were found to be first order over at least two half-lives and were different for the three groups of dyes. Half-lives were on the order of hours, days, and months for the nitroazobenzene, aminoanthraquinone, and quinoline dyes, respectively. Stability of the latter is consistent with detection of a quinoline dye in treatment plant sludge and in sediment from a water body receiving treated effluent. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Yen, C-PC AU - Perenich, T A AU - Baughman, G L AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1009 EP - 1017 VL - 10 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - degradation KW - effluent treatment KW - fate KW - industrial effluents KW - pollution data KW - sediments KW - sediments pollution KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - dyes KW - pollutant persistence KW - pollution dispersion KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16021069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Fate+of+commercial+disperse+dyes+in+sediments.&rft.au=Yen%2C+C-PC%3BPerenich%2C+T+A%3BBaughman%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Yen&rft.aufirst=C-PC&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1009&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - degradation; pollution data; pollutant persistence; pollution dispersion; fate; dyes; effluent treatment; industrial effluents; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Waste reduction technology evaluations of the U.S. EPA WRITE program. AN - 16019620; 2583739 AB - The Waste Reduction Innovative Technology Evaluation (WRITE) Program was established in 1989 to provide objective, accurate performance and cost data about waste reducing technologies for a variety of industrial and commercial applications. EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory conducts the Program's full- or pilot-scale technology evaluations cooperatively with six states and one local government. In WRITE's second year, four evaluations had been completed and 10 other active projects were to be completed within several months. In this paper, results are summarized for completed projects and descriptions provided for the technologies and test designs of the active projects. The projects emphasize waste reducing modifications for metal finishing, electronics manufacturing, transportation, solvent cleaning and stripping, and printing and publishing operations. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Harten, T M AU - Licis, I J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1122 EP - 1129 VL - 41 IS - 8 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - waste management KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - technology KW - transportation KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16019620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Waste+reduction+technology+evaluations+of+the+U.S.+EPA+WRITE+program.&rft.au=Harten%2C+T+M%3BLicis%2C+I+J&rft.aulast=Harten&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - technology; EPA; transportation ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ecological monitoring strategy for pesticides. AN - 16019537; 2587798 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency is licenses pesticides on the basis of toxicological studies performed by the registrant or by EPA laboratories. Decisions on whether to register a pesticide, and on restrictions are based on a priori calculations. At present, the environmental consequences of pesticide use are not routinely monitored by EPA. Thus there is an information gap. The purpose of the Ecological Monitoring Strategy for Pesticides is to close this gap. An advisory group was formed, including persons currently involved in monitoring activities or who are in laboratories capable of carrying out biological or chemical monitoring. This group will be asked to identify or devise ways to rank pesticide hazards according to the risk each poses as a mediator of damage to, or change in, the natural environment, and to plant a monitoring system. The advisory group will consider data from current or past monitoring activities of EPA and other agencies or research groups. AU - Arne, K AU - Marsh, M Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 KW - ecology KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - hazards KW - environmental monitoring KW - monitoring systems KW - pesticides KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16019537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ecological+monitoring+strategy+for+pesticides.&rft.au=Arne%2C+K%3BMarsh%2C+M&rft.aulast=Arne&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of hazardous materials at the local community level. AN - 16018693; 2590986 AB - Increasing media visibility, public concern, and restrictive legislation over the effects of chemicals in use by society is creating a range of problems and liabilities that many local jurisdictions are currently unprepared to cope with. Communities around the nation are struggling to develop cost effective, sustainable internal systems to manage their responsibilities for hazardous chemicals which are used, stored, manufactured or transported within their areas of responsibilities. Within the past few years, federal and state legislation has mandated new local responsibilities for management of chemical hazards. The sheer volume of statutes, regulations, guidance and advice available from public and private sources on how to manage these new responsibilities and liabilities can be overwhelming. JF - PLANT/OPER. PROG. AU - Keffer, W J AD - U.S. EPA, Reg. VII, 25 Funston Rd., Kansas City, KS 66115, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 195 EP - 200 VL - 10 IS - 4 KW - hazardous materials KW - cost benefit analysis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - legislation KW - public concern KW - hazards KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLANT%2FOPER.+PROG.&rft.atitle=Management+of+hazardous+materials+at+the+local+community+level.&rft.au=Keffer%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Keffer&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=PLANT%2FOPER.+PROG.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - legislation; public concern; hazards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understand the regulations governing equipment leaks. AN - 16017257; 2583735 AB - EPA will soon issue standards for leaks of hazardous organic air pollutants from process equipment. Here's a rundown of the requirements. JF - Chemical Engineering Progress AU - Colyer, R S AU - Meyer, J AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 22 EP - 30 VL - 87 IS - 8 SN - 0360-7275, 0360-7275 KW - air pollutants KW - leakage KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - equipment KW - government regulations KW - EPA KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - H SE3.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16017257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.atitle=Understand+the+regulations+governing+equipment+leaks.&rft.au=Colyer%2C+R+S%3BMeyer%2C+J&rft.aulast=Colyer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.issn=03607275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; equipment; government regulations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Tedlar bag sampling system for toxic organic compounds in source emission sampling and analysis. AN - 16016796; 2583693 AB - The Tedlar bag has long been used in the sampling and analysis of source emissions for pollutants. It is one of the recommended sampling techniques in EPA Reference Method 18. The cost of the Tedlar bag is relatively low, and analysis by gas chromatography is easier than with a stainless steel cylinder sampler, because pressurization is not required to extract the air sample in the gas chromatographic analysis process. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Pau, J C AU - Knoll, JE AU - Midgett, M R AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1095 EP - 1097 VL - 41 IS - 8 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - air sampling KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - organic compounds KW - emissions KW - economics KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16016796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=A+Tedlar+bag+sampling+system+for+toxic+organic+compounds+in+source+emission+sampling+and+analysis.&rft.au=Pau%2C+J+C%3BKnoll%2C+JE%3BMidgett%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Pau&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1095&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gas chromatography; emissions; economics; organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluoride in the bone and diet of fin whales, Balaenoptera physalus . AN - 16016379; 2590385 AB - Bone samples were taken from fin whales Balaenoptera physalus from the North Atlantic to examine the relationship between fluoride concentration in skeletal tissue and age, sex, body length and anatomic location. By the use of an ion-selective electrode, the fluoride concentration in these samples were found to be higher than that normally occurring in any mammalian species, ranging from 4,340 to 18,570 ppm. The positive correlation observed with age, along with high fluoride concentrations found in krill taken from the stomachs of these whales, indicated a probable bioaccumulation of fluoride from dietary source. JF - Marine environmental research. London AU - Landy, R B AU - Lambertsen, R H AU - Palsson, P A AU - Krook, L AU - Nevius, A AU - Eckerlin, R AD - US EPA, ORD/OTTRS (H-8105), 401 M. St. S.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 241 EP - 247 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - bones KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Marine KW - fluorides KW - diets KW - Balaenoptera physalus KW - bioaccumulation KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q1 08376:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16016379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+environmental+research.+London&rft.atitle=Fluoride+in+the+bone+and+diet+of+fin+whales%2C+Balaenoptera+physalus+.&rft.au=Landy%2C+R+B%3BLambertsen%2C+R+H%3BPalsson%2C+P+A%3BKrook%2C+L%3BNevius%2C+A%3BEckerlin%2C+R&rft.aulast=Landy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+environmental+research.+London&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fluorides; diets; bioaccumulation; Balaenoptera physalus; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extraction of mercury from groundwater using immobilized algae. AN - 16015790; 2583787 AB - Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc. conducted a project under the Emerging Technology portion of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPAs) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program to evaluate the ability of immobilized algae to adsorb mercury from contaminated groundwater in laboratory studies and pilot-scale field tests. Algal biomass was incorporated in a permeable polymeric matrix. The product, AlgaSORB, packed into adsorption columns, exhibited excellent flow characteristics, and functioned as a "biological" ion exchange resin. A sequence of eleven laboratory tests demonstrated the ability of this product to adsorb mercury from groundwater that contained high levels of total dissolved solids and hard water components. However, use of a single AlgaSORB preparation yielded nonrepeatable results with samples collected at different times of the year. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Barkley, N P AD - U.S. EPA, Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1387 EP - 1393 VL - 41 IS - 10 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - algae KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - groundwater KW - biomass KW - laboratory testing KW - mercury KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16015790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Extraction+of+mercury+from+groundwater+using+immobilized+algae.&rft.au=Barkley%2C+N+P&rft.aulast=Barkley&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mercury; biomass; groundwater; laboratory testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absorption of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) after low dose dermal exposure. AN - 16015621; 2590323 AB - Human dermal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) occurs through contact with soil and paper products. In a previous study, relative percutaneous absorption of TCDD increased as the dose decreased (Brewster et al., 1989). To determine the rate of absorption of a low dose of TCDD, absorption, distribution, and elimination were examined at 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr after dermal application of 200 pmol (111 pmol/cm super(2)) ( super(3)H)TCDD to 10-week-old male Fischer 344 rats. The time-related increase in the amount of TCDD in liver and fat closely paralleled the amount absorbed, while the percentage of the administered dose detected in the blood was never greater than 0.3%. Thus, absorption of a low dose of TCDD through the skin is extremely slow and appears to be a first-order process. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Banks, Y B AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., MD 51, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 302 EP - 310 VL - 107 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - TCDD KW - low-dose KW - dose response effects KW - rats KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolism KW - skin KW - absorption KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16015621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Absorption+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29+after+low+dose+dermal+exposure.&rft.au=Banks%2C+Y+B%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Banks&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; metabolism; skin; rats ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of portable gas chromatographs and passivated canisters for field sampling airborne toxic organic vapors in the United States and the USSR. AN - 16013065; 2590972 AB - Collection of samples in passivated canisters is widely used in analysis of trace volatile organic compounds in air because preconcentration is usually required to detect analytes. Sample integrity can be compromised by deterioration or artifact formation during storage and preconcentration. A laboratory-tested portable gas chromatograph (PGC) equipped with a highly sensitive photoionization detector (PID) offers the advantage of near real-time data without preconcentration, but its limitations as a field-portable instrument must be recognized. This paper presents data produced simultaneously by the canister/TO-14 method and by PGCs. Data were obtained in U.S. and overseas field studies at industrial, hazardous waste, and roadway sites. Field results suggest that a combination of canister and PGC methods offers a synergistic approach to source assessment measurements. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Berkley, R E AU - Varns, J L AU - Pleil, J AD - Atmos. Res. and Exp. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1439 EP - 1444 VL - 25 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - volatile organic compounds KW - vapor KW - United States KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - laboratory testing KW - air sampling KW - USSR KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16013065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+portable+gas+chromatographs+and+passivated+canisters+for+field+sampling+airborne+toxic+organic+vapors+in+the+United+States+and+the+USSR.&rft.au=Berkley%2C+R+E%3BVarns%2C+J+L%3BPleil%2C+J&rft.aulast=Berkley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USSR; gas chromatography; air sampling; laboratory testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor air pollutants from unvented kerosene heater emissions in mobile homes: Studies on particles, semivolatile organics, carbon monoxide, and mutagenicity. AN - 16012327; 2580480 AB - This study assessed human exposure to air pollutants from unvented kerosene heaters in mobile homes. Eight electric homes with no smokers were monitored for airborne particles of <10 mu m in diameter (PM sub(10)), semivolatile organics, and carbon monoxide with the kerosene heaters on and off. The organic emissions were assays for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), nitro-PAH, and for mutagenicity in a Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay. Usage of kerosene heaters resulted in (a) a significant increase in CO and organic levels (including carcinogenic PAH and nitro-PAH), (b) no significant effect on PM sub(10) levels, except in two homes, (c) the presence of unburned kerosene fuel, (d) an increase in mutagenicity (in TA98) of particle-phase organics in five homes, and (e) little mutagenicity in the semivolatile organics in TA98 and TA100. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Mumford, J L AU - Williams, R W AU - Walsh, D B AU - Burton, R M AU - Svendsgaard, D J AU - Chuang, J C AU - Houk, V S AU - Lewtas, J AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1732 EP - 1738 VL - 25 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - carbon monoxide KW - heaters KW - air pollutants KW - polycyclic aromatic compounds KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - kerosene KW - emissions KW - mutagens KW - indoor environments KW - assays KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16012327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Indoor+air+pollutants+from+unvented+kerosene+heater+emissions+in+mobile+homes%3A+Studies+on+particles%2C+semivolatile+organics%2C+carbon+monoxide%2C+and+mutagenicity.&rft.au=Mumford%2C+J+L%3BWilliams%2C+R+W%3BWalsh%2C+D+B%3BBurton%2C+R+M%3BSvendsgaard%2C+D+J%3BChuang%2C+J+C%3BHouk%2C+V+S%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mumford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1732&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mutagens; assays; emissions; indoor environments; kerosene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oil spill clean-up. AN - 16010532; 2580255 AB - On 24 March 1989, approximately 11 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the waters of Prince William Sound, Alaska, eventually contaminating nearly 1,000 miles of shoreline. Because of the apparent success of bioremediation on this oil spill, and the consideration of this technology for other oil spills we have investigated the effect of bioremediation on ecology and human health. To determine whether bioremediation would be effective, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a large field demonstration project to evaluate the use of fertilizers for accelerating natural biodegradation of spilled oil by indigenous microorganisms. Both a slow-release, water-soluble fertilizer and an oleophilic formulation were used for the treatment of the beaches. JF - Nature AU - Claxton, L D AU - Houk, V S AU - Williams, R AU - Kremer, F AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 24 EP - 25 VL - 353 IS - 6339 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - oil spills KW - Alaska, Prince William Sound KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - biodegradation KW - cleaning process KW - microorganisms KW - H SI7.22:OIL SPILLS KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16010532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Oil+spill+clean-up.&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BHouk%2C+V+S%3BWilliams%2C+R%3BKremer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=353&rft.issue=6339&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cleaning process; microorganisms; biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canister-based method for monitoring toxic VOCs in ambient air. AN - 16010304; 2584256 AB - This paper discusses the developments leading to the current status of the canister-based method and provides a critique of the method using results obtained in EPA monitoring networks. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - McClenny, WA AU - Pleil, J D AU - Evans, G F AU - Oliver, K D AU - Holdren, M W AU - Winberry, W T AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1308 EP - 1318 VL - 41 IS - 10 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - volatile organic compounds KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - environmental monitoring KW - air sampling KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16010304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Canister-based+method+for+monitoring+toxic+VOCs+in+ambient+air.&rft.au=McClenny%2C+WA%3BPleil%2C+J+D%3BEvans%2C+G+F%3BOliver%2C+K+D%3BHoldren%2C+M+W%3BWinberry%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=McClenny&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air sampling; environmental monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in PCB-containing extracts from the flesh and eggs of Lake Michigan chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) and possible implications for reproduction. AN - 16004584; 2579783 AB - Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ), derived via the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay, were measured in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) containing extracts of flesh (dorsal muscle) and egg samples from 10 spawning chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) from Lake Michigan. There was a marked maternal transfer of both TCDD-EQ and PCBs, and potency of the PCB mixture (expressed as picograms of TCDD-EQ per microgram of PCB) in eggs was 2.5 times greater than potency of the PCB mixture in dorsal muscle of the fish. There was a statistically significant, inverse relationship between the total concentration of PCBs in eggs and hatching success of the fish, with an effect concentration that corresponded to approximately 100 pg TCDD-EQ/g egg. Our results, based on a relatively small sample size, suggest that PCBs, in particular those with TCDD-type activity, may have influenced reproductive success of the fish. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Ankley, G T AU - Tillitt, DE AU - Giesy, J P AU - Jones, P D AU - Verbrugge, DA AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab.-Duluth, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1685 EP - 1690 VL - 48 IS - 9 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - PCB KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - spawning populations KW - USA, Michigan L. KW - sexual reproduction KW - muscles KW - bioassays KW - pollution detection KW - pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - fish eggs KW - Oncorhynchus tshawytscha KW - bioaccumulation KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16004584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Bioassay-derived+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+equivalents+in+PCB-containing+extracts+from+the+flesh+and+eggs+of+Lake+Michigan+chinook+salmon+%28Oncorhynchus+tshawytscha+%29+and+possible+implications+for+reproduction.&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BTillitt%2C+DE%3BGiesy%2C+J+P%3BJones%2C+P+D%3BVerbrugge%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Incl. bibliogr.: 54 ref. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - spawning populations; sexual reproduction; muscles; bioassays; pollution effects; pollution detection; fish eggs; bioaccumulation; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; USA, Michigan L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-dependent changes in activity of mallard plasma cholinesterases. AN - 16003727; 2574505 AB - Plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured repeatedly in 27 mallard (Anas platyrhynchos ) ducklings between 7 and 85 days of age to determine age-dependent changes in enzyme activity. Plasma AChE, BChE, and total cholinesterase (ChE) activity decreased significantly with age. The relative proportion of AChE in total ChE activity also decreased slightly with age. Since some anti-ChE chemicals can selectively inhibit AChE or BChE activity, characterization of age-dependent changes in the activity of each enzyme may be necessary to accurately identify the occurrence of pesticide exposure. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Bennett, R S AU - Bennett, J K AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 116 EP - 118 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - acetylcholinesterase KW - aquatic birds KW - avian physiology KW - cholinesterase KW - pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - plasma cholinesterase KW - plasma levels KW - toxicity testing KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Anas platyrhynchos KW - age KW - Brackish KW - enzymatic activity KW - Freshwater KW - pesticides KW - Q3 08584:Culture of other aquatic animals KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - Q1 08366:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16003727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Age-dependent+changes+in+activity+of+mallard+plasma+cholinesterases.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+R+S%3BBennett%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; age; enzymatic activity; pesticides; toxicity testing; Anas platyrhynchos; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity testing. AN - 15998358; 2570850 AB - Contemporary developmental toxicity testing focuses on the evaluation of a variety of adverse developmental effects, and is not limited to concerns about the observation of structural malformations. Intrauterine death, growth retardation and deficits in postnatal function also are observations of concern, since they reflect the effects of chemicals on developing systems. In the extrapolation of information from animal studies to humans, the most sensitive end point (i.e., the effect detected at the lowest dose) is used to establish the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). This approach is based on the assumption that a developmental effect seen in animal studies is predictive of a developmental effect in humans, but that the manifestation of the effect may vary from species to species. AU - Kimmel, CA AU - Price, C J AD - Reprod. Eff. Assess. Group, Off. Health and Environ. Assess., U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA A2 - Krewski, D A2 - Franklin, C (eds) Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 301 EP - 317 KW - toxicity testing KW - development KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15998358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kimmel%2C+CA%3BPrice%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=2881243401&rft.btitle=Developmental+toxicity+testing.&rft.title=Developmental+toxicity+testing.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assay for detection and enumeration of genetically engineered microorganisms which is based on the activity of a deregulated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate monooxygenase. AN - 15995757; 2566351 AB - An assay system was developed for the enumeration of genetically engineered microorganisms expressing a deregulated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (TFD) monooxygenase, which converts phenoxyacetate (PAA) to phenol. In PAA-amended cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1C(pRO103) and Pseudomonas putida PPO301(pRO103), strains which express a deregulated TFD monooxygenase, phenol production was proportional to cell number. Phenol was reacted, under specific conditions, with a 4-aminoantipyrine dye to form an intensely colored dye-phenol complex (AAPPC), which when measured spectrophotometrically could detect as few as 10 super(3) cells per ml. This assay was corroborated by monitoring the disappearance of PAA and the accumulation of phenol by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - King, R J AU - Short, KA AU - Seidler, R J AD - NSI Technol. Serv. Corp., U.S. EPA, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1790 EP - 1792 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - assays KW - enumeration KW - activity KW - 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate monooxygenase KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - genetically engineered microorganisms KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - W 30401:Enzymes and cofactors KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - W 30514:Soil organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15995757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Assay+for+detection+and+enumeration+of+genetically+engineered+microorganisms+which+is+based+on+the+activity+of+a+deregulated+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetate+monooxygenase.&rft.au=King%2C+R+J%3BShort%2C+KA%3BSeidler%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1790&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas putida; genetically engineered microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxic-induced hypothermia and hypometabolism: Do they increase uncertainty in the extrapolation of toxicological data from experimental animals to humans?. AN - 15994008; 2574078 AB - Commonly used experimental mammals, such as the rat and mouse, exhibit hypothermia and hypometabolism when exposed acutely to many drugs and other chemical substances. This toxic-induced hypothermic/hypometabolic state may be an inherently protective response that can reduce the lethality of a toxic insult. However, as body mass increases, the ability to lower body temperature in response to toxic insult is diminished. Hence, the presence of a protective hypothermic/hypometabolic response in small laboratory mammals and apparent lack thereof in larger species, such as humans, may represent an additional physiological dissimilarity which may underestimate the risk assessment of acute toxicological data. It is proposed that acute toxicological studies in rodents be performed at relatively warm ambient temperatures. JF - NEUROSCI. BEHAV. REV. AU - Gordon, C J AD - Neurotoxicol. Div., MD-74B, Health Effects Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 95 EP - 98 VL - 15 IS - 1 KW - toxins KW - induction KW - regulation KW - relationship KW - extrapolation KW - man KW - laboratory animals KW - hypothermia KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - animals KW - metabolism KW - risk assessment KW - R2 23040:Biological KW - N3 11101:General KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15994008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NEUROSCI.+BEHAV.+REV.&rft.atitle=Toxic-induced+hypothermia+and+hypometabolism%3A+Do+they+increase+uncertainty+in+the+extrapolation+of+toxicological+data+from+experimental+animals+to+humans%3F.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NEUROSCI.+BEHAV.+REV.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolism; animals; toxicity testing; risk assessment; hypothermia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative methods for cross-species mapping (CSM). AN - 15992436; 2564993 AB - Cross-species extrapolation will be defined as prediction from one species to another without empirical verification. Cross-species mapping (CSM) is the same except empirical verification is performed. CSM may be viewed as validation of methods for extrapolation. This paper offers a quantitative method for constructing CSM equations which is useful in evaluation of the CSM and as an aid in the design of new experiments in CSM and extrapolation. The method requires fitting mathematical models for the physiological or behavioral phenomena to be mapped across species. A CSM equation can then be derived from the models in each species and approximate confidence limits may be obtained for predictions from the equation. The method is useful even when the models in the two species differ in form, implying differences in physiology or behavioral principles between species. JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews AU - Beningus, V A AU - Boyes, W K AU - Hudnell, H K AU - Frey, C M AU - Svendsgaard, D J AD - U.S. EPA, Mail Drop 58, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 165 EP - 171 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0149-7634, 0149-7634 KW - species KW - mixtures KW - mapping KW - quantitation KW - methodology KW - toxicity KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - reviews KW - N3 11101:General KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15992436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+and+Biobehavioral+Reviews&rft.atitle=Quantitative+methods+for+cross-species+mapping+%28CSM%29.&rft.au=Beningus%2C+V+A%3BBoyes%2C+W+K%3BHudnell%2C+H+K%3BFrey%2C+C+M%3BSvendsgaard%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Beningus&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+and+Biobehavioral+Reviews&rft.issn=01497634&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glutamate neurotoxicity in the developing rat cochlea: Physiological and morphological approaches. AN - 15989821; 2555119 AB - The neurotoxic effects of exogenous glutamate were studied in the rat cochlea. Glutamate-treated rats exhibited electrophysiologically-measured elevations in high frequency thresholds usually associated with hair cell loss in the basal region of the cochlea. While surface preparations of the organ of Corti revealed no loss of hair cells, there was a dramatic and selective reduction of neurons in the basal, high frequency-related portion of the spiral ganglion. This sensitivity of developing spiral ganglion cells to the neurotoxicity of glutamate is consistent with the hypothesis that glutamate or a structurally related substance is a neurotransmitter at afferent synapses of cochlear hair cells. JF - Brain Research AU - Janssen, R AU - Schweitzer, L AU - Jensen, K F AD - Neurotoxicol. Div., MD 74B, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 255 EP - 264 VL - 552 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - glutamic acid KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - cochlea KW - development KW - neurotoxicity KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - N3 11044:Mammals (except primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15989821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Glutamate+neurotoxicity+in+the+developing+rat+cochlea%3A+Physiological+and+morphological+approaches.&rft.au=Janssen%2C+R%3BSchweitzer%2C+L%3BJensen%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Janssen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=552&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - neurotoxicity; development; cochlea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The concentration of the glial fibrillary acidic protein increases with age in the mouse and rat brain. AN - 15989805; 2565104 AB - The role of aging in the expression of the astrocyte protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was examined. In both mice and rats the concentration of GFAP increased throughout the brain as a function of aging. The largest increase (2-fold) was observed in striatum for both species. The neuron-specific proteins, synapsin I and neurofilament-200 (M sub(r) 200 kilodaltons), were not altered by aging in any region of the mouse or rat brain. Brains of aged rats, but not mice, showed a decrease in beta -tubulin. The data suggest that astrocytic hypertrophy observed with aging involves an accumulation of glial filaments. JF - Neurobiology of Aging AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B AD - Neurotoxicol. Div., MD-74B, Health Effects Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 171 EP - 174 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0197-4580, 0197-4580 KW - aging KW - brain KW - changes KW - concentration KW - glial fibrillary acidic protein KW - mice KW - rats KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - N3 11054:Mammals (except primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15989805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurobiology+of+Aging&rft.atitle=The+concentration+of+the+glial+fibrillary+acidic+protein+increases+with+age+in+the+mouse+and+rat+brain.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurobiology+of+Aging&rft.issn=01974580&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - brain; aging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diethyldithiocarbamate potentiates the neurotoxicity of in vivo 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and of in vitro 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. AN - 15987079; 2561334 AB - Diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDC) potentiates in vivo neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and in vitro neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP super(+)). Pretreatment with DDC potentiated the effect of MPTP in striatum and resulted in substantially greater dopamine depletion, as well as a more pronounced elevation in GFAP. DDC is known to increase brain levels of MPP super(+) after MPTP, but our data indicate that this is not due to a movement of peripherally generated MPP super(+) into CNS. The enhancement of MPP super(+) neurotoxicity by DDC in an in vitro system, where distributional factors are limited, raises the possibility that mechanisms in addition to altered kinetics may account for DDC-induced potentiation of MPTP neurotoxicity in vivo. JF - Journal of Neurochemistry AU - Miller, D B AU - Reinhard, JF Jr AU - Daniels, A J AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - Neurotoxicol. Div., MD-74B, HERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 541 EP - 549 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3042, 0022-3042 KW - MPTP KW - potentiation KW - mice KW - MPP+ KW - ditiocarb KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - neurotoxicity KW - central nervous system KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15987079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neurochemistry&rft.atitle=Diethyldithiocarbamate+potentiates+the+neurotoxicity+of+in+vivo+1-methyl-4-phenyl-1%2C2%2C3%2C6-tetrahydropyridine+and+of+in+vitro+1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+B%3BReinhard%2C+JF+Jr%3BDaniels%2C+A+J%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - neurotoxicity; central nervous system ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of bulk DNA from soil by a rapid, small-scale extraction method. AN - 15986754; 2560609 AB - We describe an extraction method that yields up to 25 mu g of DNA from 1 gram of soil. Samples are processed within 48 h. The purified DNA is 20-25 kb in size and can be digested by restriction enzymes. The soil is vortex-mixed with 6 mL mixing buffer in an Oakridge tube. Polyvinyl polypyrrolidone is added to adsorb the humic compounds that interfere with restriction enzyme activity. The entire soil homogenate is treated with lysozyme and Novozym, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate to lyse the cells. The crude DNA extract is separated from the soil debris by low-speed centrifugation. Finally, the DNA is purified by CsCl gradient centrifugation and extracted with Geneclean. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Porteous, LA AU - Armstrong, J L AD - Terr. Microb. Ecol./Biotechnol. Program, U.S. EPA ERL, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 345 EP - 347 VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - soil microorganisms KW - recombinants KW - extraction KW - methodology KW - DNA KW - bacteria KW - soil KW - Ecology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01047:General KW - J 02725:DNA KW - N 14610:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02705:Others KW - J 02905:Water KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - W 30514:Soil organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15986754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+bulk+DNA+from+soil+by+a+rapid%2C+small-scale+extraction+method.&rft.au=Porteous%2C+LA%3BArmstrong%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Porteous&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; DNA; soil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of dietary boron and arsenic on the behavior of mallard ducklings. AN - 15985709; 2559359 AB - We examined sublethal effects of boron and arsenic on the behavior of developing mallard duckling (Anas platyrhynchos ). Day-old ducklings received an untreated diet (control) or a diet containing 100, 400, or 1,600 ppm boron, added as boric acid, or 30, 100, or 300 ppm arsenic, added as sodium arsenate. Activity schedules and behavior durations were analyzed for effects at the various treatment levels. Both boron and arsenic at the highest levels had significant effects on the activity schedules of developing ducklings, including increased time at rest and under the provided heat lamp. We also observed decreases in the amount of time treated ducklings spent in alert behaviors and in the water in comparison to control ducklings. High levels of boron (1,600 ppm) increased feeding time overall but did not increase the amount of food consumed. Arsenic had no effect on feeding behavior. There were no differences found in the durations of behaviors as a result of treatment. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Whitworth, M R AU - Pendleton, G W AU - Hoffman, D J AU - Camardese, M B AD - Water Policy Branch, PM-221, Off. Policy Anal., U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 911 EP - 916 VL - 10 IS - 7 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - agricultural pollution KW - arsenic KW - behaviour KW - boron KW - feeding behaviour KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Anas platyrhynchos KW - pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15985709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dietary+boron+and+arsenic+on+the+behavior+of+mallard+ducklings.&rft.au=Whitworth%2C+M+R%3BPendleton%2C+G+W%3BHoffman%2C+D+J%3BCamardese%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Whitworth&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; behaviour; feeding behaviour; arsenic; pollution effects; Anas platyrhynchos; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) on autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory responses in the Long-Evans rat. AN - 15981927; 2552402 AB - Experiments were designed to assess the mechanisms of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP)-induced changes in thermoregulation of the rat. In one study, male rats of the Long-Evans strain were injected with DFP (s.c.)at doses ranging from 0 to 2.0 mg/kg while maintained at an ambient temperature (T sub(a)) of 20-24 degree C. Body (T sub(b)) and tail skin (T sub(t)) temperatures were recorded for 5 h post-injection. DFP doses of greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/kg resulted in significant decreases in T sub(b) lasting up to 5 h and increases in T sub(t) lasting up to 1 h post-injection. In a second study, metabolic rate (MR), evaporative water loss (EWL), motor activity (MA), T sub(b), and T sub(t) were measured at 2 h post-injection of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg DFP (s.c.) at T sub(a) values of 10, 20, and 30 degree C. DFP treatment resulted in hypothermia at all three T sub(a) values, but the effect was attenuated at 30 degree C. MR was significantly reduced at a T sub(a) of 20 degree C following 1.5 mg/kg, unaffected by dFP at a T sub(a) of 30 degree C, and stimulated at 10 degree C following 0.5 mg/kg DFP. EWL was significantly elevated at 30 degree C following 1.5 mg/kg DFP. JF - Toxicology AU - Gordon, C J AU - Fogelson, L AU - Lee, L AU - Highfill, J AD - MD-74B, NTD/HERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1 EP - 14 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - isoflurophate KW - rats KW - organophosphates KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - thermoregulation KW - X 24151:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15981927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+diisopropyl+fluorophosphate+%28DFP%29+on+autonomic+and+behavioral+thermoregulatory+responses+in+the+Long-Evans+rat.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BFogelson%2C+L%3BLee%2C+L%3BHighfill%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - thermoregulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A microcosm for measuring survival and conjugation of genetically engineered bacteria in rhizosphere environments. AN - 15979767; 2546883 AB - A microcosm is described to evaluate and measure bacterial conjugation in the rhizosphere of barley and radish with strains of Pseudomonas cepacia . The purpose was to describe a standard method useful for evaluating the propensity of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) to transfer DNA to recipient bacteria. Results demonstrated the formation of transconjugants from the rhizosphere of each plant 24 h after inoculation. Transconjugant populations peaked at 1.8 x 10 super(2) colony forming units (CFU)/g root and associated soil in barley and 2.0 x 10 super(2) CFU/g root and associated soil in radish; they then declined over the next five days of the experiment. No significant differences were found in the survival of transconjugant populations monitored from the two plant species. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Walter, M V AU - Porteous, LA AU - Prince, V J AU - Ganio, L AU - Seidler, R J AD - NSI Technol. Serv., U.S. EPA ERL, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 117 EP - 121 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Pseudomonas cepacia KW - transfer KW - DNA KW - conjugation KW - genetically engineered microorganisms KW - rhizosphere KW - survival KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01047:General KW - W 30123:Conjugation, transformation and transposition KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15979767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+microcosm+for+measuring+survival+and+conjugation+of+genetically+engineered+bacteria+in+rhizosphere+environments.&rft.au=Walter%2C+M+V%3BPorteous%2C+LA%3BPrince%2C+V+J%3BGanio%2C+L%3BSeidler%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Walter&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rhizosphere; conjugation; DNA; genetically engineered microorganisms; survival ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new way with wetlands. AN - 15979675; 2546844 AB - This paper is based on a speech presented to the American Farmland Trust entitled "Saving the Land That Feeds America" (7 Mar, 1991) defending the Bush (USA) Administration policy on preservation of wetlands. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Reilly, W K AD - U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 2 EP - 2,196 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - government policy KW - wetlands KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - nature conservation KW - USA KW - environment management KW - Freshwater KW - environmental protection KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15979675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=A+new+way+with+wetlands.&rft.au=Reilly%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nature conservation; environment management; environmental protection; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the persistence of hydronephrosis induced in mice following in utero and/or lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 15978078; 2546293 AB - The objective of this present investigation was to assess whether hydronephrosis persisted postnatally, as well as to determine if the renal lesion could be induced lactationally. Pregnant C57BL/6N mice were treated once by gavage with 0,3, or 12 mu g TCDD/kg body wt on Gestation Day (GD) 6. TCDD was not overtly toxic to the dams or neonates with the dosing regime used in this study. Hydronephrotic incidence and severity, while greatest for pups receiving dual exposure, were essentially the same for pups exposed in utero only vs lactationally only. Lactational exposure induced hydronephrosis (HN), as well as exacerbated the severity of existing HN which was induced in utero. Regardless of the exposure group, the severity of the renal lesion was always greater in the right kidney than in the left. There were no sex-related differences in either the incidence or the severity of HN, nor was there any difference in response between PNDs 25 and 67. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Couture-Haws, L AU - Harris, M W AU - Lockhart, A C AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - Exp. Toxicol. Div., MD-66, Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 402 EP - 412 VL - 107 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - TCDD KW - lactational exposure KW - hydronephrosis KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - prenatal experience KW - kidney KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15978078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+persistence+of+hydronephrosis+induced+in+mice+following+in+utero+and%2For+lactational+exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Couture-Haws%2C+L%3BHarris%2C+M+W%3BLockhart%2C+A+C%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Couture-Haws&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - prenatal experience; kidney ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA and business: Who is the customer, who is the supplier?. AN - 15972501; 2535741 AB - By focusing on regulated businesses as "customers", the EPA is bringing a new way of thinking to the negotiating table that is producing creative, workable solutions. The author, who was instrumental in initiating the adoption of TQM in the Environmental Protection Agency, discusses how it can be used in negotiation to resolve impasses between EPA and business and meet the needs of both. JF - TOT. QUAL. ENVIRON. MANAGE. AU - Morris, A R AD - Water Manage. Div., EPA, Reg. III, Philadelphia, PA, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 31 EP - 55 VL - 1 IS - 1 KW - environmental management KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - compliance KW - federal regulations KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15972501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TOT.+QUAL.+ENVIRON.+MANAGE.&rft.atitle=EPA+and+business%3A+Who+is+the+customer%2C+who+is+the+supplier%3F.&rft.au=Morris%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TOT.+QUAL.+ENVIRON.+MANAGE.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; federal regulations; compliance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germinomas and teratoid siphon anomalies in softshell clams, Mya arenaria , environmentally exposed to herbicides. AN - 15971041; 2541773 AB - Seminomas and dysgerminomas are epizootic in softshell clams, Mya arenaria , from the Maine, USA, estuaries contaminated with herbicides. In the two recent epizootics reported here, the germinomas have been observed in 3% of the softshell clams collected from Roque Bluffs near Machiasport and from 35% of softshell clams collected from Dennysville. Mya collected at Dennysville had pericardial mesotheliomas and teratoid siphon anomalies in addition to gonadal neoplasms. Estuaries at Dennysville had been contaminated by herbicides in a 1979 accidental spray overdrift during aerial application of Tordon 101 to adjacent forests. Further investigation determined widespread use of the herbicides Tordon 101, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and other agrochemicals in an extensive forestry and blueberry industry in both the Roque Bluffs and the Dennysville areas. Herbicide applications at Searsport were confirmed for railroad property bordering Long Cove estuary and for Long Cove Brook adjacent to the estuary where a highway department reportedly cleans its spray equipment. Herbicide contamination is the only common denominator identified at all three sites where Mya have been found with gonadal neoplasms. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gardner, G R AU - Yevich, P P AU - Hurst, J AU - Thayer, P AU - Benyi, S AU - Harshbarger, J C AU - Pruell, R J AD - U.S. EPA, ERL/N, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 43 EP - 51 VL - 90 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Maine KW - biological sampling KW - brackishwater environment KW - chemical pollutants KW - gonads KW - neoplasia KW - tumours KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - pathology KW - Mya arenaria KW - bioaccumulation KW - ANW, USA, Maine KW - water pollution KW - Marine KW - chemical pollution KW - herbicides KW - Brackish KW - USA, Maine KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24136:Environmental impact KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15971041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Germinomas+and+teratoid+siphon+anomalies+in+softshell+clams%2C+Mya+arenaria+%2C+environmentally+exposed+to+herbicides.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+G+R%3BYevich%2C+P+P%3BHurst%2C+J%3BThayer%2C+P%3BBenyi%2C+S%3BHarshbarger%2C+J+C%3BPruell%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollution; chemical pollutants; gonads; biological sampling; pathology; herbicides; brackishwater environment; water pollution; bioaccumulation; neoplasia; Mya arenaria; USA, Maine; ANW, USA, Maine; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acidic lakes and streams in the United States: The role of acidic deposition. AN - 15968352; 2535780 AB - A statistically designed survey of lakes and streams conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency in acid-sensitive areas of the United States, the National Surface Water Survey (NSWS), was used to identify the role of acidic deposition relative to other factors in causing acidic conditions in an estimated 1180 lakes and 4670 streams. Atmospheric deposition was the dominant source of acid anions in 75% of the acidic lakes and 47% of the acidic streams. Organic anions were dominant in one-fourth of the acidic lakes and streams; acidic mine drainage was the dominant acid source in 26% of the acidic streams. Other causes of acidic conditions were relatively unimportant on a regional scale. Nearly all the deposition-dominated acidic systems were found in six well-delineated subpopulations that represent about one-fourth of the NSWS lake population and one-third of the NSWS stream population. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Baker, LA AU - Herlihy, A T AU - Kaufmann, PR AU - Eilers, J M AD - Minnesota Water Resour. Res. Cent., c/o U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1151 EP - 1154 VL - 252 IS - 5009 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - United States KW - acid deposition KW - environmental surveys KW - mine tailings KW - streams KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - lakes KW - Freshwater KW - rivers KW - acidity KW - acid rain KW - USA KW - surveys KW - acidification KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09181:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15968352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Acidic+lakes+and+streams+in+the+United+States%3A+The+role+of+acidic+deposition.&rft.au=Baker%2C+LA%3BHerlihy%2C+A+T%3BKaufmann%2C+PR%3BEilers%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=252&rft.issue=5009&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lakes; acidification; surveys; mine tailings; environmental surveys; rivers; acidity; acid rain; streams; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA sequence analysis of revertants of the hisD3052 allele of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 using the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing: Application to 1-nitropyrene-induced revertants. AN - 15965726; 2541627 AB - We have used th polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to speed the DNA sequence analysis of revertants of Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Briefly, a crude DNA extract from a single colony was prepared and used in an asymmetric PCR to amplify a 328-bp fragment containing the hisD3052 mutation approximately in the center. Following ultrafiltration, the ssDNA was sequenced using an end-labeled probe and dideoxy sequencing. The most frequent mutation among the revertants was a -2 deletion of GC or CG within the sequence CGCGCGCG, which is upstream of the hisD3052 mutation. JF - Mutation Research AU - Bell, DA AU - Levine, J G AU - DeMarini, D M AD - U.S. EPA, MD-68, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 35 EP - 44 VL - 252 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - revertants KW - hisD3052 allele KW - nucleotide sequence KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - mutation KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - alleles KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02725:DNA KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15965726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=DNA+sequence+analysis+of+revertants+of+the+hisD3052+allele+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+TA98+using+the+polymerase+chain+reaction+and+direct+sequencing%3A+Application+to+1-nitropyrene-induced+revertants.&rft.au=Bell%2C+DA%3BLevine%2C+J+G%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=252&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alleles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a contaminated sediment on life history traits and population growth rate of Neanthes arenaceodentata (Polychaeta: Nereidae) in the laboratory. AN - 15964643; 2546249 AB - The effects of a highly contaminated sediment on life history traits and population dynamics of the nereid polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata Moore were assessed in a laboratory experiment. Survival, growth and fecundity were measured for one generation of worms exposed to 40 and 10% Black Rock Harbor, Connecticut (BRH) sediment (a contaminated sediment), 100% reference (REF) sediment from central Long Island Sound (the control) and a no-sediment treatment (to follow progress of pairing and reproduction). The BRH sediment did not affect survival or size of adults or number of broods. Number of eggs per brood appeared to be lower in 40% BRH sediment than 10% BRH or REF sediment, but the difference was not significant (1,397, 1,621 and 1,556 eggs per brood, respectively). However, number of larvae per brood was significantly lower in the 40% BRH sediment than in 10% BRH or REF sediment (363, 770 and 850 larvae per brood, respectively). JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Pesch, CE AU - Munns, WR Jr AU - Gutjahr-Gobell, R AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 805 EP - 815 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - contamination KW - effects on KW - fecundity KW - growth KW - life history KW - population growth KW - sediments KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - marine pollution KW - sediment pollution KW - Neanthes arenaceodentata KW - Polychaeta KW - pollution effects KW - population dynamics KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15964643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+contaminated+sediment+on+life+history+traits+and+population+growth+rate+of+Neanthes+arenaceodentata+%28Polychaeta%3A+Nereidae%29+in+the+laboratory.&rft.au=Pesch%2C+CE%3BMunns%2C+WR+Jr%3BGutjahr-Gobell%2C+R&rft.aulast=Pesch&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - marine pollution; life history; sediment pollution; pollution effects; population dynamics; population growth; contamination; Polychaeta; Neanthes arenaceodentata; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogenicity of Black Rock Harbor sediment to the eastern oyster and trophic transfer of Black Rock Harbor carcinogens from the blue mussel to the winter flounder. AN - 15963451; 2542360 AB - The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica ) developed neoplastic disorders when experimentally exposed both in the laboratory and field to chemically contaminated sediment from Black Rock Harbor (BRH), Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA. Oysters exposed to BRH sediment in the laboratory and in the field accumulated high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic, hydrocarbons (PAHs), and chlorinated pesticides. Chemical analyses demonstrated high concentrations of PCBs, PAHs, chlorinated pesticides, and heavy metals in BRH sediment. Known genotoxic carcinogens, cocarcinogens, and tumor promoters were present as contaminants. The uptake of parent PAH and PCBs from BRH sediment observed in oysters also occurs in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis ). Winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus ) fed BRH-contaminated blue mussels contained xenobiotic chemicals analyzed in mussels. The flounder developed renal and pancreatic neoplasms and hepatotoxic neoplastic precursor lesions, demonstrating trophic transfer of sediment-bound carcinogens up the food chain. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Gardner, G R AU - Yevich, P P AU - Harshbarger, J C AU - Malcolm, A R AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 53 EP - 66 VL - 90 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - ANW, USA, Connecticut, Bridgeport, Black Rock Harbor KW - Connecticut, Bridgeport, Black Rock Harbor KW - PCB KW - PCB compounds KW - USA, Connecticut, Bridgeport, Black Rock Harbor KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - carcinogens KW - chemical pollutants KW - neoplasia KW - sediment analysis KW - tumours KW - water pollution KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Mytilus edulis KW - sediment pollution KW - bioaccumulation KW - Pseudopleuronectes americanus KW - sediments KW - food chains KW - Brackish KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24136:Environmental impact KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15963451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Carcinogenicity+of+Black+Rock+Harbor+sediment+to+the+eastern+oyster+and+trophic+transfer+of+Black+Rock+Harbor+carcinogens+from+the+blue+mussel+to+the+winter+flounder.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+G+R%3BYevich%2C+P+P%3BHarshbarger%2C+J+C%3BMalcolm%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; chemical pollutants; tumours; food chains; sediments; sediment analysis; sediment pollution; aromatic hydrocarbons; PCB; bioaccumulation; PCB compounds; Pseudopleuronectes americanus; Mytilus edulis; Crassostrea virginica; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inspiratory particle deposition in airway bifurcation models. AN - 15963163; 2539139 AB - Particle deposition in a three-dimensional bifurcation model of the human lung was computed for simultaneous effects of inertial impaction and gravitational settling. In the present approach an anatomical bifurcation unit is characterized as a contiguous system of three straight tubes with two intermediate bends, with defined radius of curvature and an effective branching angle. Idealized flow profiles of uniform velocity in the straight segments and of rotational velocity in the bend portions were assumed, the latter being corrected for physiologically realistic flow conditions. Our theoretical results show excellent agreement with published experimental data. This model is then used to predict aerosol deposition in the symmetrical Model A of Weibel and to study the effect of airway variability and asymmetry on particle deposition in the human lung. JF - Journal of Aerosol Science AU - Balashazy, I AU - Hofmann, W AU - Martonen, T B AD - Inhal. Toxicol. Div., Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 15 EP - 30 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8502, 0021-8502 KW - particles KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - gravimetric analysis KW - inhalation KW - diffusion KW - aerosols KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15963163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aerosol+Science&rft.atitle=Inspiratory+particle+deposition+in+airway+bifurcation+models.&rft.au=Balashazy%2C+I%3BHofmann%2C+W%3BMartonen%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Balashazy&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aerosol+Science&rft.issn=00218502&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - diffusion; aerosols; inhalation; gravimetric analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-site methods for assessing chemical impact on the soil environment using earthworms: A case study at the Baird and McGuire Superfund Site, Holbrook, Massachusetts. AN - 15957284; 2537267 AB - Five Lumbricus terrestris Linneaus were placed into enclosure at a field site and evaluated after 7 d. The enclosures were distributed in transects throughout areas of high and low contamination and in a reference area. Observations of earthworm responses for mortality, morbidity (coiling, stiffening, swelling, lesions) and whole body burden were compared to chemical measurements in corresponding soil samples. Nine chemicals (DDT, DDE, DDD, alpha -chlordane, gamma -chlordane, chlordene, gamma -chlordene, endrin, nonachlor) were measured in the whole body of earthworms and soil samples. Various levels of impact were described by scoring earthworm responses from sampling locations throughout the field site. A ranking of the sample locations from low to high impact by the earthworm response variables is directly correlated to the ranking of these locations for concentrations of total chlordane and total DDT in corresponding soil samples. Results show acute toxicity to earthworms placed on-site and suggest that whole body concentrations could impact earthworm predators. The on-site method eliminates the need to transport soils to off-site laboratories, thus preventing subsequent disposal issues. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Callahan, CA AU - Menzie, CA AU - Burmaster, DE AU - Wilborn, D C AU - Ernst, T AD - U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 817 EP - 826 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - xenobiotics KW - methodology KW - superfund sites KW - soil pollution KW - soils KW - disposal sites KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - Lumbricus terrestris KW - environmental impact KW - pollution effects KW - soil KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15957284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=On-site+methods+for+assessing+chemical+impact+on+the+soil+environment+using+earthworms%3A+A+case+study+at+the+Baird+and+McGuire+Superfund+Site%2C+Holbrook%2C+Massachusetts.&rft.au=Callahan%2C+CA%3BMenzie%2C+CA%3BBurmaster%2C+DE%3BWilborn%2C+D+C%3BErnst%2C+T&rft.aulast=Callahan&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lumbricus terrestris; toxicity testing; environmental impact; soil; pollution effects; disposal sites; soil pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of conference on "Minimizing environmental damage: Strategies for managing hazardous waste". AN - 15952800; 2530140 JF - Risk Analysis AU - Clay AD - Off. Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 107 EP - 109 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - hazardous wastes KW - conference KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - environmental impact KW - waste management KW - risk assessment KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15952800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+conference+on+%22Minimizing+environmental+damage%3A+Strategies+for+managing+hazardous+waste%22.&rft.au=Clay&rft.aulast=Clay&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - waste management; environmental impact; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucose influenced degradation of alpha -santonin in Pseudomonas sp. strain S (ATCC 43388). AN - 15951088; 2527407 AB - Pseudomonas sp., strain S ATCC 43388 utilizes alpha -santonin by inducible enzyme system measurable by oxygen uptake. Cells grown on acetate or benzoate show negligible oxygen consumption with alpha -santonin. Glucose cells show evidence of a rapid induction of santonin utilizing enzyme system indicating the implication of glucose or its metabolites in the regulation of degradation of santonin. Growth of strain S on mixtures of glucose and alpha -santonin occurs at rates higher than on either of the substrates alone. Mutants with lesion in the glucose metabolism, independent of alpha -santonin degradation, fail to exhibit higher growth rates with the binary substrates. The results infer simultaneous metabolism of substrates. JF - Acta Biotechnologica AU - Sangodkar, UMX AU - Mavinkurve, S AD - Microb. Ecol. and Biotechnol., U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 67 EP - 71 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0138-4988, 0138-4988 KW - glucose KW - induction KW - alpha -santonin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biodegradation KW - Pseudomonas KW - enzymes KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15951088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Biotechnologica&rft.atitle=Glucose+influenced+degradation+of+alpha+-santonin+in+Pseudomonas+sp.+strain+S+%28ATCC+43388%29.&rft.au=Sangodkar%2C+UMX%3BMavinkurve%2C+S&rft.aulast=Sangodkar&rft.aufirst=UMX&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Biotechnologica&rft.issn=01384988&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas; biodegradation; enzymes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of atmospheric particulate monitored using fuzzified chromatograms. AN - 15946956; 2530955 AB - A simple rapid chromatographic technique for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which is poor at speciation has been used to obtain data on the presence of the class in air particulate. Matching of such chromatograms to a fuzzified reference from these data is illustrated as a practical way to obtain overviews of changes in species distributions summarized in few values. Such information is lost in more commonly used surrogate approaches to "class analyses." JF - Chemosphere AU - Walling, J F AU - Daughtrey, E H AU - Adams, J R AD - U.S. EPA, Atmos. Res. and Exposure Assess. Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1103 EP - 1112 VL - 22 IS - 12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - chromatography KW - particulates KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15946956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Changes+in+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+content+of+atmospheric+particulate+monitored+using+fuzzified+chromatograms.&rft.au=Walling%2C+J+F%3BDaughtrey%2C+E+H%3BAdams%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Walling&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chromatography; particulates; air quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cardiotonic drugs inhibit purified mammalian acetylcholinesterase. AN - 15935209; 2512195 AB - Oxime- and non-oxime-related drugs, as well as cardiotonic drugs (CDs), have been used to treat the effects of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning. We conducted our experiments to determine what effects CDs may have on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and how CDs interact with other treatment drugs as well as with OP-inhibited AChE. The results show that the oxime TMB-4 increases the inhibition of AChE by proscillaridin. However, TMB-4 decreases the inhibition of AChE by VX and proscillaridin combined. The inhibition of AChE by the CDs alone may help in part to account for the cardiac parasympathetic response of CDs. JF - Journal of Applied Toxicology AU - Hanke, D W AU - Nelson, ME AU - Baskin, SI AD - Off. Pestic. and Toxic Subst., U.S. EPA, H 7509C, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 119 EP - 124 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - cardiotonics KW - inhibition KW - acetylcholinesterase KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - animals KW - X 24117:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15935209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Cardiotonic+drugs+inhibit+purified+mammalian+acetylcholinesterase.&rft.au=Hanke%2C+D+W%3BNelson%2C+ME%3BBaskin%2C+SI&rft.aulast=Hanke&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - animals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ovarian mycosis in the topsmelt Atherinops affinis . AN - 15935037; 2515906 AB - An ovarian mycosis in a topsmelt Atherinops affinis (Ayres), collected from Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California, USA, is reported. The fungus caused a considerable host response resulting in numerous granulomas and follicular atresia. Based on morphologic characteristics, the fungus was probably a member of the class Oomycetes. This is the first report of an invasive ovarian mycosis in a marine fish. JF - Diseases of Aquatic Organisms AU - Winstead, J T AU - Middaugh, D P AU - Courtney, LA AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Sabine I., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 221 EP - 223 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0177-5103, 0177-5103 KW - Antherinops affinis KW - fish diseases KW - fungal diseases KW - mycosis KW - ovarian mycosis KW - ovary KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - fungi KW - INE, USA, California, Elkhorn Slough KW - USA, California, Elkhorn Slough KW - Brackish KW - ovaries KW - Oomycetes KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15935037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.atitle=Ovarian+mycosis+in+the+topsmelt+Atherinops+affinis+.&rft.au=Winstead%2C+J+T%3BMiddaugh%2C+D+P%3BCourtney%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Winstead&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.issn=01775103&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fungi; fungal diseases; ovaries; mycosis; Oomycetes; USA, California, Elkhorn Slough; INE, USA, California, Elkhorn Slough; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorine initiated oxidation studies of hydrochlorofluorocarbons: Results for HCFC-123 (CF sub(3)CHCl sub(2)) and HCFC-141b (CFCl sub(2)CH sub(3)). AN - 15930555; 2506564 AB - Oxidation reactions of the proposed CFC substitutes HCFC-123 (CF sub(3)CHCl sub(2)) and HCFC-141b (CFCl sub(2)CH sub(3)) have been studied in the laboratory using long-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The air oxidation of the HCFCs was initiated by the photolysis of Cl sub(2) forming Cl atoms that abstract H atoms from the HCFC. CF sub(3)C(O)Cl was the only carbon containing compound observed in the infrared spectrum of the products of the HCFC-123/Cl sub(2) irradiations and its yield was approximately one. The product data are consistent with formation of CF sub(3)C(O)Cl by Cl elimination of the intermediate halogenated alkoxy radical CF sub(3)CCl sub(2)O. The Cl-initiated oxidation of HCFC-141b led to the formation of CO and C(O)FCl. The product data are consistent with a 1:1 relationship between C(O)FCl formed and HCFC-141b reacted. JF - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry AU - Edney, E O AU - Gay, BW Jr AU - Driscoll, D J AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 105 EP - 120 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7764, 0167-7764 KW - hydrochlorofluorocarbons KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chlorine KW - photolysis KW - oxidation KW - atmosphere KW - spectroscopy KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15930555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Atmospheric+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Chlorine+initiated+oxidation+studies+of+hydrochlorofluorocarbons%3A+Results+for+HCFC-123+%28CF+sub%283%29CHCl+sub%282%29%29+and+HCFC-141b+%28CFCl+sub%282%29CH+sub%283%29%29.&rft.au=Edney%2C+E+O%3BGay%2C+BW+Jr%3BDriscoll%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Edney&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Atmospheric+Chemistry&rft.issn=01677764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - spectroscopy; atmosphere; photolysis; oxidation; chlorine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative acute nephrotoxicity of salicylic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid in young and middle aged Fischer 344 rats. AN - 15927736; 2510223 AB - Experimental evidence suggests that the oxidative metabolites 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DIOH) may be responsible for the nephrotoxicity of salicylic acid (SAL). In the present study, enzymuria in conjunction with glucose (GLU) and protein (PRO) excretion were used as endpoints to compare the relative nephrotoxicity of SAL with 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH. In addition, the effect of age on enzymuria and GLU and PRO excretion following treatment with SAL or 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH was investigated because the elderly are at greater risk for SAL-induced nephrotoxicity. In comparison to 3-month vehicle-treated rats, 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH caused a significant increase between 0-8 h in excretion of urinary GLU and activities of AST, NAG, and LD, with peak effects occurring between 4-8 h. Toxic effects of either metabolite were not evident beyond 24 h, and toxicity of 2,5-DIOH was significantly greater in comparison to 2,3-DIOH. SAL treatment resulted in similar effects on enzymuria as well as GLU and PRO excretion, but peak effects did not occur until 16-24 h, and often persisted until 72 h after dosing. JF - Toxicology AU - McMahon, T F AU - Stefanski, SA AU - Wilson, R E AU - Blair, P C AU - Clark, A-M AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Toxicol. Div., MD-66, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 297 EP - 311 VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - salicylic acid KW - toxicity KW - 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid KW - gentisic acid KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - kidney KW - X 24151:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15927736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparative+acute+nephrotoxicity+of+salicylic+acid%2C+2%2C3-dihydroxybenzoic+acid%2C+and+2%2C5-dihydroxybenzoic+acid+in+young+and+middle+aged+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=McMahon%2C+T+F%3BStefanski%2C+SA%3BWilson%2C+R+E%3BBlair%2C+P+C%3BClark%2C+A-M%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - kidney ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incorporating prevention into RCRA. AN - 15926880; 2508659 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Solid Waste has been actively involved in developing and implementing waste minimization projects since passage of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984. At this time, there are a wide range of waste minimization efforts underway and I would like to highlight a number of those. In addition, I would like to share with you the Office of Solid Waste's efforts to develop a long-range Pollution Prevention Action Plan for incorporating prevention into the RCRA program. JF - Pollution Engineering AU - Roy, M AD - Waste Minimization Branch, U.S. EPA Off., Solid Waste, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 11 EP - 14 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0032-3640, 0032-3640 KW - solid wastes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - RCRA KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15926880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pollution+Engineering&rft.atitle=Incorporating+prevention+into+RCRA.&rft.au=Roy%2C+M&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pollution+Engineering&rft.issn=00323640&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - RCRA; pollution control; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repeated-dose and subchronic toxicity studies of 2,2,2-trichloroethanol in Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 15924857; 2503469 AB - Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 2,2,2-trichloroethanol (TCE) by gavage for 14 or 90 consecutive days. Doses of 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day in the 14-day study and 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg/day for the 90-day study were employed. Evaluation of clinical symptoms, clinical chemistry, and pathology examinations did not reveal a specific toxic effect or identify a target organ. In male rats an increase of red blood cells (RBCs) and hematocrit (Hct) in both 14- and 9-day studies, as well as increased hemoglobin (Hgb) in the 90-day study was observed at the highest dose level. In the high-dose females only increase of Hgb was seen in the 14-day study. Based on the lack of detectable toxicity of TCE at the highest doses tested in rats, the following lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAEL) were assigned for this chemical: in the 14-day exposure, 300 mg/kg/day for both sexes; in the 90-day protocol, 320 mg/kg/day for female; and 160 mg/kg/day for male rats. JF - Journal of the American College of Toxicology AU - Bercz, J P AU - Robinson, M AU - Garner, L M AU - Page, N P AU - Olson, G R AD - U.S. EPA, 26, W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 223 EP - 232 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0730-0913, 0730-0913 KW - rats KW - 2,2,2-trichloroethanol KW - chronic toxicity KW - males KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - erythrocytes KW - hemoglobin KW - hematocrit KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15924857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Repeated-dose+and+subchronic+toxicity+studies+of+2%2C2%2C2-trichloroethanol+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Bercz%2C+J+P%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BGarner%2C+L+M%3BPage%2C+N+P%3BOlson%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Bercz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=07300913&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - erythrocytes; hematocrit; hemoglobin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consideration of pharmacokinetics and temporal sensitivity for hydroxyurea in relation to teratogenic potential. AN - 15921095; 2503548 AB - A compartmental pharmacokinetic-mathematical model for the time-dependent distribution of hydroxyurea (HU) in both the maternal plasma and embryonic fluids of pregnant rats and rhesus monkeys was developed. When the biological effective dose was considered to be the embryonic HU concentration over time (AUC), the dose to the individual embryos was higher in the monkeys (392 mg HU hr/L/day) than in the rats (69 mg HU hr/L/day) at an applied dose of 100 mg HU/kg administered to the dams. The AUC doses are consistent with the evaluation of the embryos of both species for teratogenic changes and embryonic death. The effect of repeated doses as compared with a single dose given only on one day of gestation was examined in the rat. A human embryo dose of 69 mg HU hr/L/day was estimated to result from an i.v. dose of 10 mg/kg to the mother. This concentration produced no effect in the rat. An i.v. dose of 50 mg HU/mg was estimated to result in a human embryo dose of 353 mg HU hr/L/day which approaches a Rhesus monkey embryo dose that produced adverse effects in all embryos. JF - Journal of the American College of Toxicology AU - Beliles, R P AU - Makris, NG AU - Scott, W J AD - Off. Health and Environ. Assess., RD, 689, U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 269 EP - 278 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0730-0913, 0730-0913 KW - hydroxyurea KW - pharmacokinetics KW - rats KW - monkeys KW - sensitivity KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - embryos KW - pregnancy KW - mathematical models KW - teratogenicity KW - antitumor agents KW - X 24114:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15921095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Consideration+of+pharmacokinetics+and+temporal+sensitivity+for+hydroxyurea+in+relation+to+teratogenic+potential.&rft.au=Beliles%2C+R+P%3BMakris%2C+NG%3BScott%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Beliles&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=07300913&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - teratogenicity; antitumor agents; pregnancy; mathematical models; embryos ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diurnal curves of tropospheric ozone in the western United States. AN - 15919073; 2507594 AB - Diurnal curves of tropospheric ozone are characterized for the areas near coniferous forests in the western U.S. A given day of hourly data can be placed into one of 17 classes of diurnal curves simply by knowing the 24-h mean and coefficient of variation or range, or more precisely, by applying equations derived from our discriminant analysis. The variation among curves is shown to be related to theory of ozone formation, scavenging, and transport. Season, latitude, and position relation to source areas affect the form of the diurnal curve. JF - Atmospheric Environment, Part A AU - Boehm, M AU - McCune, B AU - Vandetta, T AD - NSI Technol. Serv. Corp., U.S. EPA ERL, West. Conifers Res. Cooper., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1577 EP - 1590 VL - 25A IS - 8 SN - 0004-6981, 0004-6981 KW - ozone KW - United States, Western KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - photolysis KW - statistical analysis KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15919073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Diurnal+curves+of+tropospheric+ozone+in+the+western+United+States.&rft.au=Boehm%2C+M%3BMcCune%2C+B%3BVandetta%2C+T&rft.aulast=Boehm&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25A&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00046981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - forests; statistical analysis; photolysis ER - TY - CONF T1 - The effect of ventilation on emission rates of wood finishing materials. AN - 15918854; 2499046 AB - The rate of emission of organic compounds from building materials varies according to: type of material, material loading, compound emitted, temperature, humidity, and ventilation rate. For some compounds and materials the relationship between emission rate and these variables is well established. For most materials and compounds, however, such relationships are unavailable. Research, using small test chambers, is being conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop data on emission rates from a variety of building materials. This paper presents selected results from the EPA studies. Emphasis is placed on the effect of ventilation and material loading on the emission rate for selected organics and total measured organics. Test data for three wood finishing materials are presented. JF - Environment International AU - Tichenor, BA AU - Guo, Z Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 317 EP - 323 VL - 17 IS - 4 KW - ventilation KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - wood KW - organic compounds KW - buildings KW - construction materials KW - H SI1.9.4:VENTILATION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15918854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+International&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+ventilation+on+emission+rates+of+wood+finishing+materials.&rft.au=Tichenor%2C+BA%3BGuo%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Tichenor&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+International&rft.issn=01604120&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Designing treatability studies for CERCLA sites: Three critical issues. AN - 15918454; 2501503 AB - A great urgency has developed in the past few years within the U.S. EPA remediation program to perform treatability studies at Superfund (CERCLA) sites. The major reasons for this urgency is to ensure the selected treatment technology is applicable to the waste characteristics, and that Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) cleanup goals can be achieved. However, prior to conducting a treatability study, three critical issues must be resolved by the site manager. First, what scale and timing are appropriate? Second, should the treatability study be performed by a treatment technology vendor using proprietary equipment and processes, or can a generic study be performed? Third, should the study be performed in the field or should the waste be taken to the laboratory for testing? The objectives of the treatability study will have a major impact on how these issues are resolved. This paper discusses these major issues and provides information for the design and conduct of Superfund treatability programs. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - dePercin, P AU - Bates, E AU - Smith, D AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 763 EP - 767 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - disposal sites KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - Superfund KW - CERCLA KW - cleaning process KW - economics KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15918454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Designing+treatability+studies+for+CERCLA+sites%3A+Three+critical+issues.&rft.au=dePercin%2C+P%3BBates%2C+E%3BSmith%2C+D&rft.aulast=dePercin&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cleaning process; CERCLA; Superfund; economics; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect virus: Assays for viral replication and persistence in mammalian cells. AN - 15915600; 2502239 AB - Viral pesticidal agents must be evaluated for potential health hazards prior to utilization. Assessment of the likelihood of replication in humans has included in vitro exposure of human cells to the potential pesticidal agent. Previous in vitro evaluation strategies have lacked positive controls. Thus, negative results, interpreted as no effect of the virus on human cells, could reflect basic deficiencies in the testing protocols. We designed a testing scheme for viral pesticides and used it to test the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica . Tests were aimed at evaluating potential replication or gene expression in primate cells. Parallel tests were run utilizing identical protocols with primate viruses known to produce the biological effect being evaluated. Thus protocols described were tested with positive viral controls. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Hartig, P C AU - Cardon, M C AU - Kawanishi, CY AD - Mail Drop 67, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 335 EP - 344 VL - 31 IS - 2-3 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - isolates KW - pathogens KW - replication KW - gene expression KW - monkeys KW - cell lines KW - assays KW - Autographa californica KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - biological control KW - nontarget organisms KW - pathogenicity KW - Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - W 30513:Pest control KW - V 22142:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15915600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Insect+virus%3A+Assays+for+viral+replication+and+persistence+in+mammalian+cells.&rft.au=Hartig%2C+P+C%3BCardon%2C+M+C%3BKawanishi%2C+CY&rft.aulast=Hartig&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Autographa californica; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; biological control; nontarget organisms; pathogenicity ER - TY - CONF T1 - Emission of organic substances from indoor surface materials. AN - 15915539; 2499281 AB - A wide variety of surface materials in buildings can release organic compounds. Examples include building materials, furnishings, maintenance materials, clothing, and paper products. These sources contribute substantially to the hundreds of organic compounds that have been measured in indoor air. Their emissions have been directly connected to complaints of odors or hyperreactivity and are presumed to contribute to the problems in many "sick buildings" where the cause of complaints is uncertain. Significant progress has been made in the past decade in developing procedures for measuring emissions from such materials, in controlled experiments where factors affecting emission rates can be determined and quantified. Emissions data are still limited but are being accumulated gradually by research groups in Europe and North America. JF - Environment International AU - Tucker, W G Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 357 EP - 363 VL - 17 IS - 4 KW - indoor environments KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - emissions KW - air quality KW - organic compounds KW - construction materials KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SI1.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15915539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+International&rft.atitle=Emission+of+organic+substances+from+indoor+surface+materials.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+International&rft.issn=01604120&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potentiation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene genotoxicity in Fischer 344 rats by pretreatment with pentachlorophenol. AN - 15913991; 2496388 AB - The organochlorine pesticide, pentachlorophenol, a potent sulfotransferase inhibitor, reportedly reduces the binding of 2,6-dinitrotoluene, an industrial hepatocarcinogen to hepatic DNA by 95% after a single i.p. injection. Activation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene to genotoxic metabolites involves enzymes in both the liver and the intestinal flora. Since pentachlorophenol also has bactericidal activity and induces hepatic mixed function oxidase activity after longer treatment, the effect of pentachlorophenol on intestinal enzyme activity and the biotransformation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene to genotoxic metabolites was studied after 1, 2, 4 and 5 weeks of treatment. Results from this study indicated that pentachlorophenol accelerated the biotransformation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene to genotoxic metabolites and potentiated the formation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene-induced DNA adducts in the liver. This is the first report of a chemical interaction leading to increased DNA adduct formation and indicates that chemical interactions could be important to risk assessment since they alter the relationship between exposure, dose, and the effect of genotoxicants. JF - Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology AU - Chadwick, R W AU - George, SE AU - Chang, J AU - Kohan, MJ AU - Dekker, J P AU - Long, JE AU - Duffy, M C AU - Williams, R W AD - HERL, Environ. Res. Cent., MD-68, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 168 EP - 181 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0048-3575, 0048-3575 KW - 2,6-dinitrotoluene KW - pentachlorophenol KW - rats KW - pesticides (organochlorine) KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - genotoxicity KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - X 24135:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15913991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.atitle=Potentiation+of+2%2C6-dinitrotoluene+genotoxicity+in+Fischer+344+rats+by+pretreatment+with+pentachlorophenol.&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+R+W%3BGeorge%2C+SE%3BChang%2C+J%3BKohan%2C+MJ%3BDekker%2C+J+P%3BLong%2C+JE%3BDuffy%2C+M+C%3BWilliams%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pesticide+Biochemistry+and+Physiology&rft.issn=00483575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genotoxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative assessment of the effects of metals on microbial degradation of organic chemicals. AN - 15913790; 2497549 AB - Biodegradation inhibition of a benchmark chemical, 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester (2,4-DME), was used to quantify the inhibitory effects of heavy metals on aerobic microbial degradation rates of organic chemicals. This procedure used lake sediments and aufwuchs (floating mats) collected in the field or from laboratory microcosms. Effects of CuCl sub(2), HgCl sub(2), ZnCl sub(2), Cd(NO sub(3)) sub(3), and Cr(NO sub(3)) sub(3) at initial concentrations ranging from 0.3 mu M to 73 mM (approximately 0.1 to 10,000 mg/liter) were investigated. In general, such metallic compounds appeared to be considerably more inhibitory to the biodegradation of an organic chemical than high concentrations of microbially toxic organics studied previously. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Said, WA AU - Lewis, D L AD - ERL, U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613-7799, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1498 EP - 1503 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2,4-D methyl ester KW - aerobic bacteria KW - aerobic conditions KW - aerobic microorganisms KW - heavy metals KW - inhibition KW - inhibitors KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - lakes KW - algae KW - fungi KW - sediments KW - biodegradation KW - organic compounds KW - bacteria KW - microorganisms KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15913790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+assessment+of+the+effects+of+metals+on+microbial+degradation+of+organic+chemicals.&rft.au=Said%2C+WA%3BLewis%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Said&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1498&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; organic compounds; fungi; inhibitors; bacteria; sediments; lakes; algae; heavy metals; microorganisms; aerobic conditions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory response of humans exposed to low levels of ozone for 6.6 hours. AN - 15913058; 2509577 AB - Recent evidence suggests that prolonged exposures of exercising men to 0.08 ppm ozone (O sub(3)) result in significant decrements in lung function, induction of respiratory symptoms, and increases in nonspecific airway reactivity. The purpose of this study was to confirm or refute these findings by exposing 38 healthy young men to 0.08 ppm O sub(3) for 6.6 h. During exposure, subjects performed exercise for a total of 5 h, which required a minute ventilation of 40 l/min. Significant O sub(3)-induced decrements were observed for forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and mean expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of FVC and significant increases were observed in airway reactivity (35%), specific airway resistance and respiratory symptoms. These results essentially confirm previous findings. A large range in individual responses was noted. Responses also appeared to be nonlinear in time under these experimental conditions. JF - Archives of Environmental Health AU - McDonnell, W F AU - Kehrl, H R AU - Abdul-Salaam, S AU - Ives, P J AU - Folinsbee, L J AU - Devlin, R B AU - O'Neil, J J AU - Horstman, D H AD - Clin. Res. Branch, Hum. Stud. Div., HERL, EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 145 EP - 150 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - ozone KW - exercise KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - respiratory system KW - physiology KW - environmental health KW - H SM9.45:SPORTS RELATED INJURIES KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15913058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Respiratory+response+of+humans+exposed+to+low+levels+of+ozone+for+6.6+hours.&rft.au=McDonnell%2C+W+F%3BKehrl%2C+H+R%3BAbdul-Salaam%2C+S%3BIves%2C+P+J%3BFolinsbee%2C+L+J%3BDevlin%2C+R+B%3BO%27Neil%2C+J+J%3BHorstman%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - respiratory system; environmental health; physiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of nuclear anomalies in the gastrointestinal tract by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AN - 15910020; 2495772 AB - A selective list of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with varied carcinogenic and mutagenic potencies, which are identified as common contaminants at industrial sites and which often contaminate the neighboring ground water, are investigated for their ability to induce nuclear anomalies (NA) in the mouse gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract. These studies examined the hypothesis that a relationship between NA induction and carcinogenic potency of these PAH exists. Among the PAH tested, 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthrene (DMBA) was most effective inducer of NA in all G.I. tract tissues examined, with the relative potency in duodenum of DMBA > > > benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) > > benzo(b)fluoranthene (B(b)F). JF - Cancer Letters AU - Reddy, T V AU - Stober, JA AU - Olson, G R AU - Daniel, F B AD - Biochem. and Mol. Toxicol. Branch, Genet. Toxicol. Div., Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 43628, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 215 EP - 224 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - nuclear anomalies KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - gastrointestinal tract KW - nuclei KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15910020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Letters&rft.atitle=Induction+of+nuclear+anomalies+in+the+gastrointestinal+tract+by+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons.&rft.au=Reddy%2C+T+V%3BStober%2C+JA%3BOlson%2C+G+R%3BDaniel%2C+F+B&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gastrointestinal tract; nuclei ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The risk of lead toxicity in homes with lead paint hazard. AN - 15904581; 2472594 AB - While lead paint has long been known to be a major source of lead poisoning, only a few small epidemiologic studies have attempted to assess directly the relative risk of lead poisoning due to the presence of lead paint. Using data from over 200,000 screening tests of children in the city of Chicago performed between 1976 and 1980, the relative risks can be quantified for children living in a major urban area. Lead paint was found to be a significant predictor of the probability of a child having lead toxicity. As expected, the reduction in leaded gasoline sales during the period reduced mean blood lead levels and increased the percentage of lead toxic children whose toxicity could be attributed to paint lead. JF - Environmental Research AU - Schwartz, J AU - Levin, R AD - U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - lead KW - housing KW - Illinois, Chicago KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - children KW - hazards KW - toxicity KW - indoor environments KW - paints KW - urban areas KW - H SM9.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SI1.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15904581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=The+risk+of+lead+toxicity+in+homes+with+lead+paint+hazard.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J%3BLevin%2C+R&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity; paints; hazards; urban areas; children; indoor environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trajectory of aerosol droplets from a sprayed bacterial suspension. AN - 15902877; 2497072 AB - Simulated droplet trajectories of a polydispersed microbial aerosol in a laminar air flow regimen were compared with observed dispersal patterns of aerosolized Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger spores in quasilaminar airflow. Simulated dispersal patterns could be explained in terms of initial droplet sizes and whether the droplets evaporated to residual aeroplanktonic size before settling to the ground. Observations of spore particle size distributions downwind from a spray source support the simulation. Droplet and particle size distributions near the source had three size fractions: one containing large, presumably nonevaporated droplets of greater than or equal to 7 mu m in diameter, and two smaller fractions, with diameters of 2 to 3 mu m (probably the residue of droplets containing more than one spore) and 1 to 2 mu m (probably the residue from single-spore droplets). As predicted by the simulation, the aerosol settled and progressed downwind, with the number of small droplets and particles increasing in proportion to the height and distance downwind. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lighthart, B AU - Shaffer, B T AU - Marthi, B AU - Ganio, L AD - Microb. Ecol. and Biotechnol. Team, Ecotoxicol. Branch, ERL, U.S. EPA, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1006 EP - 1012 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - bacteria KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - aerosols KW - environmental studies KW - dispersal KW - J 02908:Air UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15902877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Trajectory+of+aerosol+droplets+from+a+sprayed+bacterial+suspension.&rft.au=Lighthart%2C+B%3BShaffer%2C+B+T%3BMarthi%2C+B%3BGanio%2C+L&rft.aulast=Lighthart&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1006&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; dispersal; environmental studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of dietary exposure to methyl parathion on egg laying and incubation in mallards. AN - 15902061; 2492286 AB - An outdoor pen study was conducted with mallards (Anas platyrhynchos ) to evaluate the effects of an 8-d dietary exposure to methyl parathion (400 ppm) on egg laying and incubation when treatment was initiated at different times in the nesting cycle. Treatment groups were defined as egg laying (chemical initiated after fourth egg laid in nest), early incubation (initiated after day 4 of incubation), late incubation (initiated after day 16 of incubation) and control (no chemical). Forty-eight pairs (12/group) were allowed to nest and hatch broods. Reproductive parameters were not significantly different between treatment groups, but the number of hatchlings per nest was 61, 43 and 58% of controls for the egg laying, early incubation and late incubation groups, respectively. This study showed that nesting success may be impacted by short dietary exposures to methyl parathion, particularly during early incubation. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Bennett, R S AU - Williams, BA AU - Schmedding, D W AU - Bennett, J K AD - U.S. EPA ERL, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 501 EP - 507 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - agricultural pollution KW - aquatic birds KW - bird eggs KW - dietary exposure KW - egg laying KW - hatching KW - incubation KW - methyl parathion KW - nesting KW - pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - reproductive behaviour KW - toxicity KW - toxicity tolerance KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - diets KW - Freshwater KW - reproduction KW - Anas platyrhynchos KW - insecticides KW - agriculture KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15902061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dietary+exposure+to+methyl+parathion+on+egg+laying+and+incubation+in+mallards.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+R+S%3BWilliams%2C+BA%3BSchmedding%2C+D+W%3BBennett%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agricultural pollution; insecticides; aquatic birds; nesting; incubation; reproductive behaviour; diets; agriculture; hatching; reproduction; bird eggs; egg laying; Anas platyrhynchos; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maintenance of infectivity and virulence of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses during serial passage in noctuid (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) cell lines. AN - 15899377; 2478277 AB - Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses isolated from the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (TnMNPV), Rachiplusia ou (Guenee) (RoMNPV), and a plaque purified variant of Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV6R) were serially passaged numerous times in larvae of the cabbage looper in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). These viruses were then serially passaged in the IPLB-SF-21AE cell line from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and in the TNFH-368 cell line from T. ni in standard media and in media fortified with the addition of liposomal material. All of the viruses, after being passaged in these two cell lines, were bioassayed in neonate T. ni to evaluate the effect of the additional sterol and lipids in the growth media on the viruses. For each of the viruses produced in the TNFH-368 cell line with the addition of liposomes, the fifth passage virus was more virulent than the fifth passage virus in this cell line without the supplement. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Tompkins, G J AU - Dougherty, E M AU - Goodwin, R H AU - Adams, J R AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Fate and Eff. Div., 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 445 EP - 449 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - biological control KW - infectivity KW - cell lines KW - passage KW - Lepidoptera KW - sterols KW - Noctuidae KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - nuclear polyhedrosis virus KW - nutrient requirements KW - pathogens KW - Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01014:Others KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - W 30310:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15899377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Maintenance+of+infectivity+and+virulence+of+nuclear+polyhedrosis+viruses+during+serial+passage+in+noctuid+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+cell+lines.&rft.au=Tompkins%2C+G+J%3BDougherty%2C+E+M%3BGoodwin%2C+R+H%3BAdams%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Tompkins&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Trichoplusia ni; Spodoptera exigua; Noctuidae; pathogens; nutrient requirements ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of protocols for assessing early pregnancy failure in the rat: Clomiphene citrate. AN - 15886614; 2491433 AB - A battery of protocols for the assessment of maternally mediated toxicity during early pregnancy in the rat is being evaluated for its utility in detecting and defining mechanisms of early pregnancy failure. In this report, clomiphene citrate (CC), an estrogen agonist/antagonist, was used as a model compound in this evaluation process. The protocols involve dosing rats with CC during, and evaluation of multiple endpoints following, (a) the first 8 days of pregnancy; (b) early pseudopregnancy, accompanied by decidual induction; and (c) the pre- and postimplantation intervals of early pregnancy. In addition, the effect of CC on embryo transport rate was assessed. Eight days of dosing with CC during early pregnancy produced a dose-dependent reduction in the number of implantation sites seen on Day 9, concomitant with alterations in maternal hormonal parameters. No effect on the decidual cell response was found, indicating that the mechanism of fertility reduction was not mediated via compromised uterine decidualization. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Cummings, A M AU - Perreault, S D AU - Harris, ST AD - Reprod. Toxicol. Branch, Dev. Toxicol. Div., HERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 505 EP - 516 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - toxicity testing KW - failure KW - rats KW - clomiphene citrate KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - pregnancy KW - reproduction KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15886614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Validation+of+protocols+for+assessing+early+pregnancy+failure+in+the+rat%3A+Clomiphene+citrate.&rft.au=Cummings%2C+A+M%3BPerreault%2C+S+D%3BHarris%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pregnancy; reproduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of 2,4-dithiobiuret on sensory and motor function. AN - 15885824; 2491256 AB - 2,4-Dithiobiuret (DTB) exposure causes a delayed onset muscle weakness in rats that has been attributed to depressed neuromuscular transmission. The present study compared the effects of DTB on both sensory and motor function in rats. There were no effects on any measure of sensory function with the exception of peak N2 of the FEP. Both the amplitude and latency of FEP N2 were altered by DTB exposure. Decreases in body weight were maximal on Day 9 at 1.0 mg/kg/day (20% from control), but recovered by Day 22. Motor activity was suppressed on Day 6 only, whereas grip strength measures were decreased on both Days 6 and 13. Auditory thresholds were not significantly altered; however, baseline startle amplitude was decreased at the highest dosage on Days 7 and 14, but recovered by Day 28. Hot plate latencies were not altered by DTB treatment. These data demonstrate that DTB produces a reversible impairment of motor function, without altering auditory, thermal, or pattern visual function. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Crofton, K M AU - Dean, K F AU - Hamrick, R C AU - Boyes, W K AD - Neurotoxicol. Div., Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 469 EP - 481 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - 2,4-dithiobiuret KW - effects on KW - senses KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - motor activity KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15885824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+2%2C4-dithiobiuret+on+sensory+and+motor+function.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BDean%2C+K+F%3BHamrick%2C+R+C%3BBoyes%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - motor activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coastal parks as development catalysts: A Caribbean example. AN - 15881197; 2463040 AB - The site of the proposed Pitons National Park comprises an area of 1600 acres of terrestrial and marine habitat that extends southward from the town of Soufriere on the west coast of St Lucia in the eastern, Caribbean. The park has great potential as a focal point for the economic revitalization of this depressed region, particularly considering the diversity of natural and cultural attractions in its immediate environs. Establishment of the park will create 400 permanent jobs and help to stabilize the local economy, including the long-term viability of the local fishing industry through sustained management of the reef systems. Without the establishment of the park, however, the economic future of Soufriere remains clouded. However positive this proposal sounds, the Government is also currently considering an alternative proposal to construct a large hotel-casino complex on the site of the proposed park. JF - OCEAN SHORELINE MANAGE. AU - Meganck, R A AD - NSI Environ. Sci., EPA Res Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 25 EP - 36 VL - 15 IS - 1 KW - ASW, St. Lucia, Soufriere KW - coastal zone management KW - recreation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Marine KW - marine parks KW - sociological aspects KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - Q2 09124:Coastal zone management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15881197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OCEAN+SHORELINE+MANAGE.&rft.atitle=Coastal+parks+as+development+catalysts%3A+A+Caribbean+example.&rft.au=Meganck%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Meganck&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=OCEAN+SHORELINE+MANAGE.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - marine parks; sociological aspects; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Turbulent diffusion behind vehicles: Effect of traffic speed on pollutant concentrations. AN - 15874821; 2463229 AB - Recent theoretical and experimental investigations indicate that turbulent diffusion behind moving vehicles is influenced by the speed of the vehicle. Vertical wake induced turbulent diffusion, explicitly treated in the numerical ROADWAY model, is proportional to the square of the wind speed relative to the moving vehicle. Hence, the model predictions of turbulent mixing and pollutant concentrations on and downwind of a roadway are dependent upon the traffic speed. It is expected from theoretical considerations that the effect of vehicle speed on pollutant concentrations will be more significant during stable atmospheric conditions, because in neutral and unstable conditions the vehicle-wake turbulence is quickly masked by the ambient turbulence. In this study, experimental data are utilized to evaluate the theoretical predictions of the effects of traffic speed on the ambient pollutant concentrations. The effects of vehicle speed upon ambient concentrations are investigated through wind tunnel experiments and field studies that used dual tracers. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Eskridge, R E AU - Petersen, W B AU - Rao, ST AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 312 EP - 317 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - transportation KW - pollutant dispersion KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - diffusion KW - mathematical models KW - turbulence KW - air pollution KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H ST2.26:EMISSIONS AND EMISSION CONTROL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15874821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Turbulent+diffusion+behind+vehicles%3A+Effect+of+traffic+speed+on+pollutant+concentrations.&rft.au=Eskridge%2C+R+E%3BPetersen%2C+W+B%3BRao%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Eskridge&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - turbulence; mathematical models; diffusion; air pollution; automotive exhaust emissions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of staged combustion and reburning to the co-firing of nitrogen-containing wastes. AN - 15868414; 2463087 AB - A 0.6 MW (2,000,000 Btu/hr) precombustion chamber burner, designed for in-furnace nitrogen oxide (NO sub(x)) control, high combustion efficiency, and retrofit applications was evaluated for use with high nitrogen content fuel/waste mixtures. The 250- to 750-ms residence time precombustion chamber burner mounted on a prototype watertube package boiler simulator used air staging and in-furnace natural gas reburning to control NO sub(x) emissions. Previous work (13) has reported on tests in which natural gas doped with ammonia (NH sub(3)) and No. 2 distillate fuel oil doped with pyridine (C sub(5)H sub(5)N) were used to simulate high nitrogen content fuel/waste mixtures. The present study reports on research in which the low NO sub(x) precombustor was used to examine the co-firing characteristics of a nitrogen-containing pesticide, containing dinoseb in a fuel-oil/xylene solvent. The dinoseb formulation as fired contained 6.4% nitrogen. NO sub(x) emissions without in-furnace control exceeded 4400 ppm to 0% O sub(2)). JF - HAZARDOUS WASTE HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Linak, W P AU - Mulholland, JA AU - McSorley, JA AU - Hall, R E AU - Srivastava, R K AU - Ryan, J V AU - Nishioka, M G AU - Lewtas, J AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1 EP - 15 VL - 8 IS - 1 KW - combustion KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste treatment KW - solvents KW - nitrogen oxides KW - emission control KW - furnaces KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15868414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Application+of+staged+combustion+and+reburning+to+the+co-firing+of+nitrogen-containing+wastes.&rft.au=Linak%2C+W+P%3BMulholland%2C+JA%3BMcSorley%2C+JA%3BHall%2C+R+E%3BSrivastava%2C+R+K%3BRyan%2C+J+V%3BNishioka%2C+M+G%3BLewtas%2C+J%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Linak&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - furnaces; nitrogen oxides; solvents; emission control; waste treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing sensitivity of SIM mode of GC/MS analysis for EPA's TO-14 air toxics method. AN - 15864387; 2463195 AB - Guidelines for determining volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at ambient levels in air are published in Method TO-14 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's "Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air." To achieve the sensitivity required for sub-part-per-billion-by-volume (ppbv) determinations of VOCs, TO-14 recommends selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode of operation when a conventional quadrupole mass spectrometer is used as the analytical finish. This paper describes the implementation of SIM mode of analysis and presents the rationale and methods for optimizing SIM parameters for maximum sensitivity when analyzing whole-air samples for trace levels of targeted VOCs. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Pleil, J D AU - Vossler, T L AU - McClenny, WA AU - Oliver, K D AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 287 EP - 293 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - volatile organic compounds KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - EPA KW - mass spectroscopy KW - air sampling KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15864387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Optimizing+sensitivity+of+SIM+mode+of+GC%2FMS+analysis+for+EPA%27s+TO-14+air+toxics+method.&rft.au=Pleil%2C+J+D%3BVossler%2C+T+L%3BMcClenny%2C+WA%3BOliver%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Pleil&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - EPA; air sampling; gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypothermic effects of a homologous series of short-chain alcohols in rats. AN - 15855133; 2452318 AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of the thermoregulatory system as an end point in predicting the toxicity of various short-chain alcohols. Male Fischer rats developed significant hypothermia following acute administration (ip) of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, or 2-butanol. The hypothermic responses to the six alcohols all showed similar segmented responses characterized by a threshold dose below which no change in body temperature occurred, and a suprathreshold regression with increasing dose causing greater hypothermia. Relative potency of the alcohols was assessed using both the threshold dose to cause hypothermia and the dose that would cause body temperature to decrease by 1 degree C. Both measures gave the progression of toxicity from least to most potent of methanol < ethanol < 2-propanol < 1-propanol < 2-butanol < 1-butanol. There was a high inverse correlation between the hypothermic dose of an alcohol and its lipid solubility. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Mohler, F S AU - Gordon, C J AD - U.S. EPA, HERL, NTD (MD-74B), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 129 EP - 139 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - hypothermia KW - solubility KW - short-chain KW - alcohols KW - rats KW - methanol KW - ethanol KW - butanol KW - propanol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - lipids KW - body temperature KW - thermoregulation KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15855133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Hypothermic+effects+of+a+homologous+series+of+short-chain+alcohols+in+rats.&rft.au=Mohler%2C+F+S%3BGordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Mohler&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - thermoregulation; toxicity testing; body temperature; lipids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of rats of the Fischer 344 and Long-Evans strains in their autonomic thermoregulatory response to trimethyltin administration. AN - 15841797; 2446745 AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of genetic strain on the acute and long-term thermoregulatory response to the neurotoxicant trimethyltin (TMT) in rats of the Long-Evans (LE) and Fischer 344 (FCH) strains. Basic thermoregulatory responses including colonic temperature (T sub(c)), metabolic rate (MR), evaporative water loss (EWL), motor activity (MA), and thermal conductance (C sub(d)) were measured in both rat strains at ambient temperatures (T sub(a)) of 10, 28, and 37 degree C. The LE rat has a higher T sub(c) when it is measured in their home cage. Because of its smaller body mass the FCH rat has a higher MR at all T sub(a) values. The FCH rat has a greater rate of EWL during exposure to a T sub(a) of 37 degree C. Following iv administration of 8.0 mg/kg TMT both rat strains become hypothermic; the effect differed significantly between the strains. At 26-34 d after TMT exposure thermoregulatory responses at T sub(a) values of 10-37 degree C were similar to that of the saline controls. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Gordon, C J AU - Fogelson, L AD - MD-74B, NTD/HERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 141 EP - 152 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - rats KW - strains KW - trimethyltin KW - heavy metals KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - neurotoxins KW - thermoregulation KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - X 24161:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15841797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+rats+of+the+Fischer+344+and+Long-Evans+strains+in+their+autonomic+thermoregulatory+response+to+trimethyltin+administration.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BFogelson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity testing; neurotoxins; thermoregulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technological innovation in hazardous waste remediation. AN - 15840024; 2441903 AB - This article provides a brief discussion of the origins of the U.S. EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) Technology Innovation Office (TIO), its mission, and the major initiatives underway or under contemplation. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Kovalick, WW Jr AU - Cummings, J B AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 347 EP - 349 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - hazardous wastes KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - groundwater KW - waste treatment KW - disposal sites KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15840024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Technological+innovation+in+hazardous+waste+remediation.&rft.au=Kovalick%2C+WW+Jr%3BCummings%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Kovalick&rft.aufirst=WW&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - waste treatment; technology; disposal sites; groundwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview and update of the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) demonstration program. AN - 15837789; 2441871 AB - The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program is now in its sixth year of demonstrating technologies applicable to Superfund sites. The SITE Program, conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, is intended to accelerate the use of new and innovative treatment processes as well as evaluate innovative measurement and monitoring techniques. Within the SITE Program, the Demonstration Program and the Emerging Technologies Program are responsible for innovative/alternative waste treatment technology development. Separate and parallel activities are progressing for developmental and evaluation of measuring and monitoring technologies as well as technology transfer operations. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Martin, J F AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 344 EP - 347 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Superfund KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - waste treatment KW - disposal sites KW - pollution control KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15837789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Overview+and+update+of+the+Superfund+Innovative+Technology+Evaluation+%28SITE%29+demonstration+program.&rft.au=Martin%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disposal sites; waste treatment; technology; pollution control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling bioaccumulation of organic pollutants in fish with an application to PCBs in Lake Ontario salmonids. AN - 15837197; 2431414 AB - A model describing passive accumulation of organic chemicals from the aqueous environment and contaminated food in fish is developed. This model considers both biological attributes of the fish and physicochemical properties of the chemical that determine diffusive exchange across gill membranes and intestinal mucosa. Important biological characteristics addressed by the model are the fish's gill morphometry, feeding and growth rate, and fractional aqueous, lipid, and nonlipid organic composition. The model is used to describe and to analyze the bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Lake Ontario alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus ), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ), brown trout (Salmo trutta ), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush ). JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Barber, M C AU - Suarez, LA AU - Lassiter, R R AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 318 EP - 337 VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - chemical pollutants KW - freshwater fish KW - physicochemical properties KW - fish physiology KW - mathematical models KW - Freshwater KW - Salmonidae KW - USA, Ontario L. KW - PCB KW - bioaccumulation KW - animal morphology KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15837197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Modelling+bioaccumulation+of+organic+pollutants+in+fish+with+an+application+to+PCBs+in+Lake+Ontario+salmonids.&rft.au=Barber%2C+M+C%3BSuarez%2C+LA%3BLassiter%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Incl. bibliogr.: 160 ref. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollutants; freshwater fish; physicochemical properties; mathematical models; fish physiology; PCB; animal morphology; bioaccumulation; Salmonidae; USA, Ontario L.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous waste treatment trends in the U.S. AN - 15824190; 2422564 AB - Of the several reasons underlying tremendous amount of activity in the development of hazardous waste treatment technologies in the U.S., at least three stand out. One is that the U.S. is beginning to harvest the produce of several regulatory and legislative programs started up in the past decade, and administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The second reason lies with an enthusiastic increase in public support for strong environmental policies. Thirdly, in response to increasing regulations, liability, public pressure and its own initiative, U.S. industry has begun to adopt waste management policies that emphasize the reduction of waste at its source, and the treatment of wastes that are generated, to destroy or degrade their toxic components. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Skinner, J AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Res. and Dev., Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 55 EP - 63 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - hazardous wastes KW - United States KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - federal regulations KW - environmental protection KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15824190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.atitle=Hazardous+waste+treatment+trends+in+the+U.S.&rft.au=Skinner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - technology; federal regulations; environmental protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the effectiveness of groundwater extraction systems AN - 13737969; 199102272 AB - Extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater was evaluated as a remediation technique on the basis of data from 19 continuing or completed projects. Although containment of groundwater plumes was usually achieved, reductions in contaminant concentrations were often less than expected. Data needed to optimize extraction systems was not always collected prior to initiating extraction projects. The study suggested that groundwater extraction and treatment were not always sufficient to achieve a return of the contaminated source to beneficial use. Recommendations for the improvement of extraction and treatment projects were formulated on the basis of several representative cases. JF - Groundwater Monitoring Review AU - Haley, J L AU - Hanson, B AU - Enfield, C AU - Glass, J AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 119 EP - 124 VL - 11 IS - 1 KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13737969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Groundwater+Monitoring+Review&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+effectiveness+of+groundwater+extraction+systems&rft.au=Haley%2C+J+L%3BHanson%2C+B%3BEnfield%2C+C%3BGlass%2C+J&rft.aulast=Haley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Groundwater+Monitoring+Review&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic toxicity study of ozonated and ozonated/chlorinated humic acids in Sprague-Dawley rats: a model system for drinking water AN - 13737961; 199101766 AB - A toxicity study was conducted to determine the effects which might result from a 90 d ingestion of a very high concentration of disinfection by-products generated by the reaction of ozone, or ozone followed by chlorine, with aqueous humic acids. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed disinfected drinking water with total organic carbon concentrations of 0.25 or 1.0 g per litre, while controls were given phosphate-buffered distilled water. No consistent disinfection-related effects were detected with respect to body weight gain, organ weights, food or water consumption, or haematological and clinical chemistry parameters, and no target organs could be determined from histopathological examination. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Daniel, F B AU - Robinson, M AU - Ringhand, H P AU - Stober, JA AU - Page, N P AU - Olson, G R AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 93 EP - 98 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13737961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Subchronic+toxicity+study+of+ozonated+and+ozonated%2Fchlorinated+humic+acids+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats%3A+a+model+system+for+drinking+water&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BRinghand%2C+H+P%3BStober%2C+JA%3BPage%2C+N+P%3BOlson%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A membrane filter procedure for assaying cytotoxic activity in heterotrophic bacteria isolated from drinking water AN - 13737933; 199101725 AB - In situ procedures for testing potential cytotoxic activities of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from drinking water samples were developed. Water samples were passed through 0.45 um membrane filters which were then placed on mEndo Agar, Standard Methods Agar or R2A agar and incubated. Following incubation the filters were transferred to the surface of Y-1 mouse adrenal cells overlaid with 1 per cent agar for 15 minutes. The Y-1 cells were incubated at 37C in 2.5 per cent carbon dioxide for 24 h. The release of cytotoxic and cytotonic products was indicated by circular areas of complete or partial cellular destruction. About 1 per cent of bacteria isolated from drinking water released cytotoxic products. Of these, 95 and 90 per cent also exhibited protease and haemolysis activity, respectively. JF - Journal of Applied Bacteriology AU - Lye, D J AU - Dufour AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 89 EP - 94 VL - 70 IS - 1 KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13737933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=A+membrane+filter+procedure+for+assaying+cytotoxic+activity+in+heterotrophic+bacteria+isolated+from+drinking+water&rft.au=Lye%2C+D+J%3BDufour&rft.aulast=Lye&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Bacteriology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RBC nitrification of high ammonia leachates AN - 13737242; S199138419 AB - A pilot-sized rotating biological contactor (RBC) was used to treat a synthetic leachate composed of primary effluent adjusted with glucose and ammonium chloride to obtain different DOC and ammonia-nitrogen-levels. The rate of ammonia-nitrogen removal, the effect of pH on the conversion of ammonia-nitrogen, the upper limit of the ammonia-nitrogen concentration, and the effect of temperature were investigated. The removal of ammonia-nitrogen followed zero order kinetics. The pH had to be maintained above 7.2 to obtain a satisfactory reaction rate for the conversion of ammonia-nitrogen. The maximal concentration of ammonia-nitrogen that could be converted was 700-1000 mg per litre. The Arrhenius equation could be used to predict the effect of temperature on the reaction rate constant. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Opatken, E J AU - Bond, J J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 60 EP - 63 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - Effluent (treated) (see also sewage works effluent) KW - Zero KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13737242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=RBC+nitrification+of+high+ammonia+leachates&rft.au=Opatken%2C+E+J%3BBond%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Opatken&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress&rft.issn=02784491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by aquifer microorganisms under denitrifying conditions AN - 13735719; 199101733 AB - The suitability of denitrification as a strategy for the bioremediation of a shallow aquifer contaminated with jet fuel was evaluated in a series of laboratory tests. Aquifer material from both contaminated and uncontaminated areas at Traverse City, Michigan, were amended with nitrate, nutrients and aromatic hydrocarbons and incubated in microcosms in a nitrogen atmosphere at 12C. The results indicated that several aromatic hydrocarbons could be degraded in nitrifying conditions, though biodegradation rates were likely to be lower in aquifer material which had been contaminated with jet fuel. There are 34 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Hutchins AU - Sewell, G W AU - Kovacs, DA AU - Smith, G A AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 68 EP - 76 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13735719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+aromatic+hydrocarbons+by+aquifer+microorganisms+under+denitrifying+conditions&rft.au=Hutchins%3BSewell%2C+G+W%3BKovacs%2C+DA%3BSmith%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of constant and fluctuating salinity on responses of Mysidopsis bahia exposed to cadmium in a life-cycle test AN - 13735601; 199103197 AB - Two 28 d life-cycle tests were conducted to evaluate effects of constant and fluctuating salinities on chronic toxicity of cadmium to Mysidopsis bahia at 27C. Salinities of 10 to 32 ppt and cadmium concentrations of 1 to 9 ug per litre were examined. Estimated median tolerance concentrations at day 28 ranged from 4.8 to 6.3 ug cadmium per litre across the salinity range of 13 to 29 ppt. Size and fecundity of exposed and unexposed females were predicted to be comparable when cadmium was less than or equal to 5.0 ug cadmium per litre and salinities more than or equal to 20 ppt and at concentrations of less than 5 ug per litre at lower salinities. At higher cadmium levels both responses were impaired regardless of salinity. Reproduction in control treatments was an order of magnitude lower in low (10 and 13 ppt) as compared to high (21, 29, 32 ppt) salinity treatments. This effect of salinity on reproduction was not moderated by periodic exposure to higher, more suitable salinities. Survival, growth and reproduction were not impacted by addition of 5 ug cadmium per litre under fluctuating salinity conditions. The no-effect concentration was 4-5 ug cadmium per litre regardless of salinity. Changes in survival, growth and reproduction observed were consistent with the principal distribution of M. bahia in estuaries relative to salinity. Comparison of these data with previously reported acute responses suggests that the acute water quality criterion for cadmium should be salinity-dependent whereas the chronic criterion need not be. There are 39 references. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Voyer, R A AU - McGovern, D G AD - U.S. EPA, R.I. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 215 EP - 230 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13735601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+constant+and+fluctuating+salinity+on+responses+of+Mysidopsis+bahia+exposed+to+cadmium+in+a+life-cycle+test&rft.au=Voyer%2C+R+A%3BMcGovern%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Voyer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance characterization of a model bioreactor for the biodegradation of trichloroethylene by Pseudomonas cepacia G4 AN - 13735464; 199103212 AB - Pseudomonas cepacia G4 grown in chemostats with phenol demonstrated constant specific degradation rates for both phenol and trichloroethylene (TCE) across a range of dilution rates. Washout of cells from chemostats was evident at a dilution rate of 0.2 per h at 28C. Increased phenol concentrations in the nutrient feed led to increased biomass production with constant specific degradation rates for both phenol and TCE. The addition of lactate to the phenol feed led to increased biomass production but lowered specific phenol and TCE degradation rates. The maximal potential for TCE degradation was about 1.1 g per d.g of cell protein. Cell growth and degradation kinetic parameters were used in the design of a recirculating bioreactor for TCE degradation. In this reactor, the total amount of TCE degraded increased as either reaction time or biomass was increased. TCE degradation was observed up to 300 um TCE with no significant decreases in rates. On the average, this reactor was able to degrade 0.7 g of TCE per d.g of cell protein. These results demonstrated the feasibility of TCE bioremediation through the use of bioreactors. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Folsom, B R AU - Chapman, P J AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1602 EP - 1608 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13735464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Performance+characterization+of+a+model+bioreactor+for+the+biodegradation+of+trichloroethylene+by+Pseudomonas+cepacia+G4&rft.au=Folsom%2C+B+R%3BChapman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Folsom&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An EPA programme for monitoring ecological status and trends AN - 13735075; S199138405 AB - The goals and objectives of an environmental monitoring and assessment programme are described together with details of indicator development, network design landscape characterization and pilot testing. This programme would provide annual statistical reports and interpretive summaries on the status and trends in indicators of adverse disturbance to the nation's ecosystem on a regional and national scale. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Messer, J J AU - Linthurst, R A AU - Overton, W S AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park N.C. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 67 EP - 78 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13735075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=An+EPA+programme+for+monitoring+ecological+status+and+trends&rft.au=Messer%2C+J+J%3BLinthurst%2C+R+A%3BOverton%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Messer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating capacities of GAC preloaded with natural water AN - 13734582; 199102329 AB - The effect of pre-loading a natural groundwater on granular activated carbon (GAC) was evaluated with respect to the capacity and rate kinetics of adsorption in pilot columns. Adsorption capacities for cis-1,2-dichloroethene were determined from batch-isotherm tests and from micro-columns and pilot columns, pre-loaded for varying periods. The adsorption capacity and kinetic rate decreased as the time of pre-loading increased. The reduction in pilot-column capacity for cis-1,2-dichloroethene was reduced by using columns in series and only adding columns when needed to contain the mass transfer zone. However, the increased run time involved in adding columns might only be justified when extensive pre-loading occurred before the contaminant reached the GAC column. JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering AU - Speth, T F AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 66 EP - 79 VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0733-9372, 0733-9372 KW - Columns KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13734582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Evaluating+capacities+of+GAC+preloaded+with+natural+water&rft.au=Speth%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Speth&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Engineering&rft.issn=07339372&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the costs of packed-tower aeration and GAC for controlling selected organics AN - 13733432; 199102321 AB - The performance and costs of packed tower aeration (PTA) and liquid phase granular activated carbon (GAC) were compared using previously developed models. Both were feasible methods for removing reasonably volatile organics. The air to water ratio was a crucial parameter. A higher value minimized tower height but made adsorption of pollutants from the off-gases with GAC less efficient. Where off-gas cleaning was required by regulatory agencies, costs doubled. Unit costs generally fell as the Henry's law coefficient rose. Factors affecting GAC economics were: adsorber type, GAC usage and the method of replacement. For most systems, PAT treatment was more cost-effective even when vapour phase cleanup was necessary. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Adams, J Q AU - Clark, R M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 49 EP - 57 VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13733432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+costs+of+packed-tower+aeration+and+GAC+for+controlling+selected+organics&rft.au=Adams%2C+J+Q%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of water-soluble azo dyes in the activated sludge process AN - 13732787; 199102567 AB - Some azo dyes, dye precursors and/or their degradation products are known or thought to be carcinogenic. Pilot-scale experiments were, therefore, carried out on the fate of 18 azo dyes in the activated-sludge process. The dyes used and their colour index numbers are tabulated and their chemical structures are illustrated. On the basis of mass balance calculations, 11 dyes passed through the treatment process, 4 were significantly adsorbed on surplus activated sludge and 3 (Acid Orange 7, Acid Orange 8 and Acid Red 88) were biodegraded. A further 11 dyes (which are listed) were also studied but no conclusions could be drawn because of poor recoveries from the various matrices analysed. JF - Chemosphere AU - Shaul, G M AU - Holdsworth, T J AU - Dempsey, C R AU - Dostal, KA AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 107 EP - 119 VL - 22 IS - 1/2 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13732787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Fate+of+water-soluble+azo+dyes+in+the+activated+sludge+process&rft.au=Shaul%2C+G+M%3BHoldsworth%2C+T+J%3BDempsey%2C+C+R%3BDostal%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Shaul&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity tests of effluents with marsh plants in water and sediment AN - 13731825; 199103963 AB - A freshwater marsh grass, Echinochloa crusgalli, was used in 2 toxicity test systems: seed germination and early growth (more than 7 d) in water; and survival and growth of seedlings (more than 2 weeks) in natural sediments, and in synthetic sediments in which particle size distribution, organic content, pH, electrode potential and cationic exchange capacity were controlled. Effluents from a sewage treatment works, textile mill, pulp and paper mill, metal plating works, coking works, and tannery caused inhibition of germination, chlorophyll synthesis and growth, though some effects were photolabile. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Walsh, GE AU - Weber, DE AU - Simon, T L AU - Brashers, L K AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 517 EP - 525 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Plants (see also aquatic macrophytes, grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13731825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Toxicity+tests+of+effluents+with+marsh+plants+in+water+and+sediment&rft.au=Weber%2C+Lauren&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft.date=2017-02-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=A.1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.issn=00999660&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of creosote and pentachlorophenol in contaminated groundwater: chemical and biological assessment AN - 13731804; 199102651 AB - Shake flask studies examined the rate and extent of biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 42 components of coal-tar creosote present in contaminated groundwater recovered from the American Creosote Works Superfund site, Pensacola, Fla. The ability of indigenous soil micro-organisms to remove these contaminants from aqueous solutions was determined by gas chromatographic analysis of organic extracts of biotreated groundwater. Changes in potential environmental and human health hazards associated with the biodegradation of this material were determined at intervals by Microtox assays and fish toxicity and teratogenicity tests. After 14 d of incubation at 30C, indigenous micro-organisms effectively removed 100, 99, 94, 88 and 87 per cent of measured phenolic and lower-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and S-heterocyclic, N-heterocyclic and O-heterocyclic constituents of creosote, respectively. However, only 53 per cent of the higher-molecular-weight PAH were degraded; PCP was not removed. Despite the removal of a majority of the organic contaminants through biotreatment, only a slight decrease in the toxicity and teratogenicity of biotreated groundwater was observed. Data suggested that toxicity and teratogenicity were associated with compounds difficult to treat biologically and that indigenous micro-organisms may not be necessarily relied on to effectively remove these compounds in a reasonable time span; to this end, alternative or supplemental approaches may be necessary. Similar measures of the toxicity and teratogenicity of treated material may offer a simple, yet important, guide to bioremediation effectiveness. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Mueller, J G AU - Middaugh, D P AU - Lantz, SE AU - Chapman, P J AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1277 EP - 1285 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Hazard KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13731804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+creosote+and+pentachlorophenol+in+contaminated+groundwater%3A+chemical+and+biological+assessment&rft.au=Mueller%2C+J+G%3BMiddaugh%2C+D+P%3BLantz%2C+SE%3BChapman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated management of the Baltic sea AN - 13731789; 199102788 AB - The characteristics of the Baltic sea and sources of pollution, including urban areas, mining and industry, and agriculture is reviewed, and international agreements to control pollution of the Baltic are outlined. The approach being adopted in Sweden to reduce pollution of adjacent sea areas is described and problems associated with nutrients and stable organic compounds are considered. Tabulated data are presented on the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus discharged into the Baltic sea from the 7 countries bordering it. Maps are included showing the location of principal urban areas, pulp and paper mills, and other industries in these countries. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Ferm, R AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solna Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 533 EP - 540 VL - 23 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Reduction KW - Sea water (see also marine -----) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13731789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Integrated+management+of+the+Baltic+sea&rft.au=Ferm%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ferm&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model of additive effects of mixtures of narcotic chemicals AN - 13731778; 199104426 AB - The Weibull function was used to compare the toxicity to fish of single narcotic chemicals and of mixtures of the same chemicals. The model developed gave good agreement with experimental data for a wide range of chemicals and mixture ratios, and confirmed the additive effects of narcotic chemicals. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Shirazi, MA AU - Linder, G AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 183 EP - 189 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13731778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+model+of+additive+effects+of+mixtures+of+narcotic+chemicals&rft.au=Shirazi%2C+MA%3BLinder%2C+G&rft.aulast=Shirazi&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in pollution control in the Swedish pulp and paper industry AN - 13731644; 199102731 AB - Tabulated data are given on the annual amounts of COD, BOD, suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, and total chlorinated organic compounds in waste waters from different types of pulp and paper industry plants in Sweden in 1988. Measures adopted to reduce the polluting effects of waste waters from unbleached pulp, bleached chemical pulp, mechanical pulp, and paper manufacture are described, and possible future measures to eliminate completely the discharge of chlorinated organic compounds in pulp industry waste waters are indicated. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Lagergren, S AD - National Environmental Protection Agency, Solna Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 11 EP - 17 VL - 24 IS - 3/4 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13731644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Trends+in+pollution+control+in+the+Swedish+pulp+and+paper+industry&rft.au=Lagergren%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lagergren&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - General duties and powers of appointment of the Director-General of Water Services AN - 13731578; 199102783 AB - Following the introduction of the Water Act 1989, the former system of water cycle administration was replaced by a complicated system of regulators and undertakers. The role and functions of the Director-General of Water Services in protecting the consumer from monopoly exploitation by the water and sewerage undertakers are described. The appointment of undertakers within the Water Act is discussed, particularly their duties in financing the carrying out of their statutory functions. The establishment and maintenance of Customer Services Committees is described together with arrangements made by the Director-General to handle complaints. JF - Water Law AU - Merry, A AU - Venters, R AD - Office of Water Services Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 60 EP - 63 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 0959-9754, 0959-9754 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13731578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Law&rft.atitle=General+duties+and+powers+of+appointment+of+the+Director-General+of+Water+Services&rft.au=Merry%2C+A%3BVenters%2C+R&rft.aulast=Merry&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Law&rft.issn=09599754&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of respiratory-cardiovascular responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in identifying acute toxicity syndromes in fish: part 4. Central nervous system seizure agents AN - 13730926; 199102035 AB - Spinally transected trout were exposed to acutely lethal concentrations (based on 24 h LC100 values) of 6 neurotoxicants: chloropyrifos; fenvalerate and cypermethrin (pyrethroid insecticides); endrin and endosulfan (cyclodiene insecticides); and strychnine. During exposure, 11 physiological parameters were monitored. Visible signs of intoxication are described. All toxicants caused increased cough frequency. Strychnine reduced ventilation frequency and volume; the latter was increased by cyclodienes, pyrethroids and chloropyrifos. Cyclodienes dramatically increased oxygen consumption. All toxicants reduced arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH. Haematocrit and haemoglobin levels increased or remained constant in pyrethroid- and strychnine-exposed trout, but declined in trout exposed to chloropyrifos or cyclodienes. Ability to discriminate between the convulsants tested on the basis of the cardiovascular responses obtained, was assessed during discriminant function analysis of these data combined with data for previously defined fish acute toxicity syndromes. There are 44 references. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Bradbury, S P AU - Carlson, R W AU - Niemi, G J AU - Henry, T R AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 115 EP - 131 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Reduction KW - Visibility KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13730926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+respiratory-cardiovascular+responses+of+rainbow+trout+%28Oncorhynchus+mykiss%29+in+identifying+acute+toxicity+syndromes+in+fish%3A+part+4.+Central+nervous+system+seizure+agents&rft.au=Bradbury%2C+S+P%3BCarlson%2C+R+W%3BNiemi%2C+G+J%3BHenry%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of coliform growth response with other water quality parameters AN - 13730066; 199104134 AB - Samples of water from different areas of the U.S.A. were collected at different stages of water treatment and analysed for their ability to support the growth of coliform bacteria. The results were correlated with several other parameters of water quality. Based on the coliform bio-assay, the nutrient status of the water could not be correlated with any parameter other than assimilable organic carbon. Significantly higher coliform growth responses were associated with ozonated waters. The coliform bio-assay was a suitable method for assessing the biological stability of drinking water. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Rice, E W AU - Scarpino, P V AU - Reasoner, D J AU - Logsdon, G S AU - Wild, D K AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 98 EP - 102 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13730066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+coliform+growth+response+with+other+water+quality+parameters&rft.au=Rice%2C+E+W%3BScarpino%2C+P+V%3BReasoner%2C+D+J%3BLogsdon%2C+G+S%3BWild%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Privatization - a U.K. system of regulation AN - 13729594; 199104630 AB - The regulation of the water companies of England and Wales is outlined by the director general of the Office of Water Services (OFWAT). Regulation of drinking water quality, discharges to the environment and water company mergers were the responsibility of other U.K. and EC public organizations. OFWAT's task was to ensure that water companies fulfilled the conditions of their licences under the Water Act. It was concerned with price control, standards of service and consumer representation. It was seeking to compare costs and performance to help it set price limits and service standards. Mergers which prejudiced this comparison were opposed. OFWAT was anxious that environmental regulation should be adequately costed to avoid sudden financial burdens. It aimed to build a certified database of information on the companies, develop close working relations with other regulators and adopt an open style. JF - Water Environment & Technology AU - Byatt, ICR AD - Office of Water Services, Birmingham Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 94 EP - 96 VL - 3 IS - 10 SN - 1044-9493, 1044-9493 KW - European communities KW - Water companies KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13729594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Privatization+-+a+U.K.+system+of+regulation&rft.au=Byatt%2C+ICR&rft.aulast=Byatt&rft.aufirst=ICR&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.issn=10449493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of gastrointestinal tract nuclear anomalies in B6C3F1 mice by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone and 3,4-(dichloro)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, mutagenic byproducts of chlorine disinfection AN - 13729565; 199101936 AB - The potency of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) and 3,4-(dichloro)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MA) were compared in the nuclear anomalies assay using B6C3F1 mice, with 2 direct acting gastrointestinal tract carcinogens - methylnitrosourea (MNU) and epichlorohydrin (ECH). MX was approximately equivalent in potency to ECH but was much less potent than MNU. The duodenum was the most sensitive tissue and nuclear aberrations were observed 24 h after a single oral dose of 0.37 mmol MX per kg or 0.46 mmol MA per kg. MX also caused nuclear anomalies in the proximal colon and forestomach. There are 42 references. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Daniel, F B AU - Olson, G R AU - Stober, JA AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 32 EP - 39 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Epichlorohydrin KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13729565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+gastrointestinal+tract+nuclear+anomalies+in+B6C3F1+mice+by+3-chloro-4-%28dichloromethyl%29-5-hydroxy-2%285H%29-furanone+and+3%2C4-%28dichloro%29-5-hydroxy-2%285H%29-furanone%2C+mutagenic+byproducts+of+chlorine+disinfection&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BOlson%2C+G+R%3BStober%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radioactivity in water treatment wastes: a USEPA perspective AN - 13729320; 199102924 AB - The U.S. EPA had recently addressed the potential problems of natural radionuclides concentrated in wastes during water treatment. Current priorities were related to uranium-234, -235, -238, radium-226, -228 and lead-210. Eleven documented studies of radionuclides in water treatment are tabulated. An example was radium which was easily removed by conventional processes. The disposal of the resulting sludge required care because radium-226 yielded radon-222 which diffused out of tips. The U.S. EPA's suggested guidelines for the disposal of potentially radioactive liquid and solid wastes are summarized. In extreme cases they were classified as low level radioactive wastes. Special consideration had to be given to air stripping techniques to avoid health hazards from radon. Guidelines are also given which address the protection of workers at water treatment plants which produced radioactive wastes. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Parrotta, MJ AD - U.S. EPA, Wash. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 134 EP - 140 VL - 83 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Pb KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13729320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Radioactivity+in+water+treatment+wastes%3A+a+USEPA+perspective&rft.au=Parrotta%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Parrotta&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of nitrate addition on biorestoration of fuel-contaminated aquifer: field demonstration AN - 13729276; 199103920 AB - Pollution of a water table with jet fuel was first treated by recirculating 3 million gallons per week of groundwater through the infiltration gallery to raise the water table. This was done during 40 d; initial benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene concentrations of 760, 4540, 840, 2550 and 1380 ug per litre, respectively were reduced to 1, 17, 44, 490 and 260 ug per litre, respectively. Groundwater containing additional nitrate at 10 mg per litre nitrate nitrogen was then circulated for 76 d. After this treatment, concentrations in ug per litre were: benzene and toluene below 1, ethylbenzene 6 and xylene isomers 20-40. The fall in benzene and toluene in the first phase was greater than explained by dilution alone, so aerobic decomposition was likely. The addition of nitrate and nutrients increased denitrifying populations and resulted in further degradation of the compounds. Consumption of nitrate was 10 times greater than the stoichiometric amount, indicating that other compounds were being metabolized. Nitrate was more convenient than oxygen, being cheaper and more soluble. JF - Ground Water AU - Hutchins AU - Downs, W C AU - Wilson, J T AU - Smith, G B AU - Kovacs, DA AU - Fine, D D AU - Douglass, R H AU - Hendrix, D J AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 571 EP - 580 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - Ethylbenzene KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13729276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Effect+of+nitrate+addition+on+biorestoration+of+fuel-contaminated+aquifer%3A+field+demonstration&rft.au=Hutchins%3BDowns%2C+W+C%3BWilson%2C+J+T%3BSmith%2C+G+B%3BKovacs%2C+DA%3BFine%2C+D+D%3BDouglass%2C+R+H%3BHendrix%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase activity by acetylenic and allylic alcohols: concordance with in vivo electrophile reactivity in fish AN - 13729249; 199104807 AB - Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatic cytosol preparations and purified horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were used to assay inhibition of ADH activity by a series of alcohols, in the presence and absence of reduced glutathione (GSH) which was used as a nucleophilic trap. Results obtained are tabulated together with LC50 values for each alcohol tested, and classification as proelectrophile or narcotic. Alcohols classified as proelectrophiles, or reactive toxicants, were generally effective in inhibiting ADH activity, whereas those classed as narcotics were not. In the presence of GSH, ADH activity increased significantly when primary propargylic alcohols and 1,5-hexadiene-3-ol (all proelectrophiles) were used as substrates. However, when homopropargylic alcohols were used as substrates, GSH was seemingly ineffective in protecting the ADH. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Bradbury, S P AU - Christensen, G M AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1155 EP - 1160 VL - 10 IS - 9 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Acetylene KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Nucleophile KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13729249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+alcohol+dehydrogenase+activity+by+acetylenic+and+allylic+alcohols%3A+concordance+with+in+vivo+electrophile+reactivity+in+fish&rft.au=Bradbury%2C+S+P%3BChristensen%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is remediated groundwater meeting SDWA requirements? AN - 13729181; 199102507 AB - The demand for increasing standards in the cleanup of contaminated aquifers had made likely the application of drinking water technology as a final polishing step in the remediation process. This was consistent with the same toxic substances being controlled under both groundwater and drinking water legislation. Granular activated carbon and packed tower aeration were the most usual methods of removing volatile organic compounds. Among other promising technologies were powdered activated carbon, oxidation by ozone, reverse osmosis, ion exchange and ultra-violet radiation. Comments on their performance are made and quantified in tables of data. It was likely that many remediation schemes would have to produce a water of such a quality that subsequent drinking water treatment processes could render it potable. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Goodrich, JA AU - Lykins, B AU - Clark, R M AU - Oppelt, E T AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 55 EP - 62 VL - 83 IS - 3 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13729181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Is+remediated+groundwater+meeting+SDWA+requirements%3F&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+JA%3BLykins%2C+B%3BClark%2C+R+M%3BOppelt%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbonate equilibria and groundwater sample collection: implications for estimated average subsurface properties in continental North America AN - 13729031; 199104527 AB - Based on the observation that an estimated mean national-average groundwater pH changed from 6.65 to 6.83, depending on the delay time before analysis, a mechanism is proposed to account for pH alteration arising from carbon dioxide degassing, and to provide an estimate of the ratio between groundwater and atmospheric partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PC02,GW/PC02 atm.equals 1.5). The instability in groundwater sample pH after atmospheric exposure was useful for characterizing the environmental source. An estimate of groundwater partial pressure of oxygen, PC02, (4.67 E-2 atm) derived from an average groundwater bicarbonate concentration, in the STORET database, was within the range of reported values. Carbonate equilibria may impact on potential subsurface migration of many inorganic contaminants, to a large extent. JF - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry AU - Loux, N T AU - Allison, J D AU - Chafin, C R AU - Hassan, S M AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 41 EP - 53 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0306-7319, 0306-7319 KW - Inorganic -- (see also without this prefix) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13729031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Carbonate+equilibria+and+groundwater+sample+collection%3A+implications+for+estimated+average+subsurface+properties+in+continental+North+America&rft.au=Loux%2C+N+T%3BAllison%2C+J+D%3BChafin%2C+C+R%3BHassan%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Loux&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=03067319&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The induction of cytochrome P-450-Ia1 in juvenile fish by creosote-contaminated sediment AN - 13728949; 199103139 AB - Intact sediment cores, including their surface layers, were used in simulated field exposure tests of juvenile guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to creosote-contaminated sediments. Mixed-function oxygenase activity was induced in the fish after 43 d of exposure to environmentally realistic, sublethal concentrations of creosote-related compounds. An average 50-fold induction in the cytochrome P-450-IA1 was found in the liver in the absence of any histopathological lesions. The possibility that a threshold level for proliferative liver changes was not reached is discussed in relation to the observed biochemical activation. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Schoor, W P AU - Williams, DE AU - Takahashi, N AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 497 EP - 504 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13728949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+induction+of+cytochrome+P-450-Ia1+in+juvenile+fish+by+creosote-contaminated+sediment&rft.au=Schoor%2C+W+P%3BWilliams%2C+DE%3BTakahashi%2C+N&rft.aulast=Schoor&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity equivalents and EPA's risk assessment of 2,3,7,8-TCDD AN - 13728708; 199103028 AB - The 210 members of the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDD) and chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDF) family of compounds exerted their toxicity by the same means as its most potent member 2,3,7,8-TCDD. By measuring their individual toxicities in a standard way, toxicity equivalent factors could be produced to assess the overall toxicity of mixtures in terms of an equivalent 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration. The U.S. EPA was accepting this as an interim approach until definitive bioassay methods provided better data. The agency was reviewing its assessment of 2,3,7,8-TCDD as a carcinogen. A working group had concluded that a threshold approach remained undesirable, that new mathematical extrapolations were insufficiently tested and that the linearized multi-stage model had overestimated the higher levels of risk. It proposed that the risk specific dose should be raised from 0.006 to 0.1 pg per kg.d so as to be consistent with newer scientific evidence. The Science Advisory Board, while agreeing with most conclusions, rejected the dose change. The U.S. EPA was reassessing the risks posed by 2,3,7,8-TCDD on the basis of new data. There are 30 references. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Barnes, D G AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 73 EP - 86 VL - 104 IS - 1/2 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Hazard KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13728708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Toxicity+equivalents+and+EPA%27s+risk+assessment+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-TCDD&rft.au=Barnes%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue method for the gas-chromatographic analysis of some polychlorinated and polybrominated pollutants in biological samples AN - 13728705; 199104344 AB - Hexachlorinated and hexabrominated benzenes (HCB and HBB), polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls (PCB and PBB), polychlorinated phenols (PCP), guaicols (PCG), paraffins (CP) and naphthalenes (PCN), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and the pesticides DDT, polychlorinated terpenes (PCC or toxaphene), chlordanes, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH), aldrin and dieldrin were analysed in a multi-residue gas chromatographic method. Fish (cod) muscle samples were spiked with 10 and 50 times the detection levels of the compounds to be analysed. Mean recoveries, relative to internal standards were between 51 and 120 per cent for 40 compounds. Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to separate chlorinated paraffins from other halogenated compounds. JF - Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry AU - Jansson, B AU - Andersson, R AU - Asplund, L AU - Bergman, A AU - Litzen, K AU - Nyland, K AU - Reutergardh, L AU - Sellstrom, U AU - Uvemo, U B AU - Wahlberg, C AU - Wideqvist, U AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solna Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 439 EP - 445 VL - 340 IS - 7 KW - Analysis KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13728705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fresenius+Journal+of+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+method+for+the+gas-chromatographic+analysis+of+some+polychlorinated+and+polybrominated+pollutants+in+biological+samples&rft.au=Jansson%2C+B%3BAndersson%2C+R%3BAsplund%2C+L%3BBergman%2C+A%3BLitzen%2C+K%3BNyland%2C+K%3BReutergardh%2C+L%3BSellstrom%2C+U%3BUvemo%2C+U+B%3BWahlberg%2C+C%3BWideqvist%2C+U&rft.aulast=Jansson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=340&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fresenius+Journal+of+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental malformation of frog embryos: an analysis of teratogenicity of chemical mixtures AN - 13728556; 199104425 AB - Seven organic compounds known to have teratogenic effects on frog embryos, were tested individually and in various binary mixtures and the results were analysed to develop a model for predicting their dose/response relationships. In most cases there was close agreement between calculated and measured Weibull parameters of the mixture response surface, but several measured mixed parameters fell outside the bounds of parameters for the individual compounds, invalidating the use of the model in these cases. The model could be used for environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures in hazardous waste sites and the design of experiments on the toxicity of mixtures. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Shirazi, MA AU - Dawson, DA AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 177 EP - 182 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Analysis KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13728556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Developmental+malformation+of+frog+embryos%3A+an+analysis+of+teratogenicity+of+chemical+mixtures&rft.au=Shirazi%2C+MA%3BDawson%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Shirazi&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Piperonyl butoxide as a tool in aquatic toxicological research with organophosphate insecticides AN - 13726821; 199103586 AB - The effects of piperonyl butoxide, a synthetic methylenedioxyphenol inhibitor of cytochrome P450 action, on the toxicity of organophosphate insecticides to 3 daphnid test species were investigated to determine whether the inhibitor could be used as a tool in toxicity identification and evaluation studies. The administration of piperonyl butoxide with the organophosphates reduced the acute toxicity of parathion, methyl parathion, diazinon and malathion, all metabolically-activated compounds, while not affecting the toxicity of dichlorovos, chlorfenvinphos and mevinphos, which did not require metabolic activation. The compound seemed useful in the identification of toxic substances in complex aqueous mixtures. JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety AU - Ankley, G T AU - Dierkes, J R AU - Jensen, DA AU - Peterson, G S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 266 EP - 274 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13726821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.atitle=Piperonyl+butoxide+as+a+tool+in+aquatic+toxicological+research+with+organophosphate+insecticides&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BDierkes%2C+J+R%3BJensen%2C+DA%3BPeterson%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seventh annual waste testing and quality assurance symposium AN - 13726787; S199239287 AB - The Seventh Waste Testing and Quality Assurance Symposium, jointly sponsored by the U.S. EPA and the American Chemical Society and scheduled to be held in Washington, D.C., July 8-12, 1991, was previewed. The series was intended to improve communications between the U.S. EPA and testing laboratories and regulatory officials concerned with the implementation of the U.S. hazardous waste management programme. New developments in waste and environmental media sampling and testing methods were to be discussed, and issues and procedures related to quality assurance. Sample preparation was to receive particular attention at the 1991 symposium. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Friedman, D AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1007 EP - 1008 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Media KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13726787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Seventh+annual+waste+testing+and+quality+assurance+symposium&rft.au=Friedman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Causes of waterborne outbreaks in the United States AN - 13726763; S199241033 AB - Data on the average number of outbreaks of water-borne disease in U.S.A. over the period 1920-88; number of cases of illness per outbreak; water-borne outbreaks in groundwater systems receiving no treatment or only chlorination; water-borne outbreaks in untreated or disinfected-only surface water systems; and water-borne outbreaks in filtered surface-water systems is presented. The etiology of water-borne outbreaks for 20-year periods from 1920 to 1988 is summarized. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Craun, G F AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 17 EP - 20 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Waterborne KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13726763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Causes+of+waterborne+outbreaks+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Craun%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=Craun&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Usefulness of natural regions for lake management: analysis of variation among lakes in northwestern Wisconsin, USA AN - 13726727; S199239569 AB - Lake management applications of a map of summer total phosphorus in approximately 3000 lakes in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan were evaluated using data collected in springtime 1988 for 210 lakes in a northwestern area of Wisconsin that overlapped 4 regions of the phosphorus map area. Lake quality data was depicted spatially using a geographic information system with colour-coded dot marking, and the distribution of lakes in each phosphorus class supported the use of ecoregions for mapping. Phosphorus concentration distributions obtained from springtime data resembled those obtained from historical summer data for the entire region more closely than those from adjacent regions although springtime values were lower than summer values in eutrophic lakes. Spatial patterns of phosphorus concentrations were correlated with those of other variables indicating trophic state, and regional lake phosphorus boundaries required only 2 minor modifications. The strength of associations between catchment characteristics, lake morphology and lake phosphorus concentrations varied considerably between and within regions. Lake phosphorus maps could be valuable for local lake management and for basing lake quality expectations on lake quality patterns within natural ecoregions. JF - Environmental Management AU - Omernik, JM AU - Rohm, C M AU - Lillie, R A AU - Mesner, N AD - US EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 281 EP - 293 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Dot KW - Geographic information system KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13726727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Usefulness+of+natural+regions+for+lake+management%3A+analysis+of+variation+among+lakes+in+northwestern+Wisconsin%2C+USA&rft.au=Omernik%2C+JM%3BRohm%2C+C+M%3BLillie%2C+R+A%3BMesner%2C+N&rft.aulast=Omernik&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons by aquifer microorganisms using oxygen, nitrate, or nitrous oxide as the terminal electron acceptor AN - 13726292; 199104141 AB - Studies on the biodegradation of mono-aromatic hydrocarbons in microcosms prepared from aquifer materials and spiked with oxygen, nitrogen or nitrous oxide showed that benzene and alkylbenzenes were degraded to concentrations below 5 ug per litre within 7 d in the presence of oxygen, but only the alkylbenzenes were degraded in the presence of the nitrogen compounds. With limited oxygen, the degradation of mono-aromatic hydrocarbons ceased when the oxygen was consumed, but continued with no apparent lag when nitrate was also present. Further studies are required with mixed electron acceptors to optimize measures for bioremediation of aquifers contaminated with petroleum products. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hutchins AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 2403 EP - 2407 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13726292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+monoaromatic+hydrocarbons+by+aquifer+microorganisms+using+oxygen%2C+nitrate%2C+or+nitrous+oxide+as+the+terminal+electron+acceptor&rft.au=Hutchins&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional characteristics of land use in northeast and southern Blue Ridge province: associations with acid rain effects on surface-water chemistry AN - 13726159; S199239568 AB - As part of the direct/delayed response project to assess risk to surface water from acidic deposition, regional land use and surface water chemistry were examined in 145 northeast (NE) lake and 35 southern Blue Ridge province (SBRP) stream catchments. The regional probability-based sampling design provided statistical estimates for land uses for target populations and allowed summarization of catchment data for any subregion. Forest land use was predominant in both regions which had little agricultural or urban development. In northeast catchments land development was correlated with increased surface water acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), calcium and magnesium, pH and sulphate concentrations, and the extent of wetlands and beaver activity were associated significantly with decreased sulphate concentrations in surface water and increased sulphur retention. Lake pH increased with increasing levels of acidic deposition. Sulphur retention was high in SBRP catchments where topography limited wetland and riparian development. No low pH (not more than 6.0) stream reaches occurred in the SBRP where ANC, pH and base cation concentrations in surface waters were controlled by catchment soil and bedrock characteristics. There are 44 references. JF - Environmental Management AU - Liegel, L AU - Cassell, D AU - Stevens, D AU - Shaffer, P AU - Church, R AD - US EPA Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 269 EP - 279 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Hazard KW - Reduction KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13726159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Regional+characteristics+of+land+use+in+northeast+and+southern+Blue+Ridge+province%3A+associations+with+acid+rain+effects+on+surface-water+chemistry&rft.au=Liegel%2C+L%3BCassell%2C+D%3BStevens%2C+D%3BShaffer%2C+P%3BChurch%2C+R&rft.aulast=Liegel&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photolysis of copper(II) - amino acid complexes in water AN - 13725772; 199103754 AB - Quantitative kinetic data on photoreactions of copper(II) complexed by several amino acids commonly observed in aquatic environments were obtained. The results were intended for uses in computer models of photolysis in conditions occurring in natural waters. The photolysis of copper(II)-amino acid complexes occurred readily during irradiation by sunlight and was mainly induced by middle-ultraviolet radiation (280-340 nm). The results of the study suggested that photoreactions of copper(II) co-ordination complexes might increase the toxicity of copper(II) to aquatic biota. There are 34 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Hayase, K AU - Zepp, R G AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1273 EP - 1279 VL - 25 IS - 7 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13725772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Photolysis+of+copper%28II%29+-+amino+acid+complexes+in+water&rft.au=Hayase%2C+K%3BZepp%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Hayase&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of multispectral techniques to the precise identification of aldehydes in the environment AN - 13725606; 199104343 AB - Water sampled from the overflow pipe of a municipal sewer line containing industrial and domestic sewage had previously been found to contain a series of straight-chain aldehydes. Using gas chromatography coupled with low- and high-resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry, low- and high-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, these unsaturated aldehydes were identified as: n-hexanal; n-heptanal; 2-heptenal; n-octanal; 2-octanal; n-nonanal; 2-decenal; and 2-undecenal. Possible sources of straight-chain aldehydes in sewage are discussed, together with toxicity effects. There are 30 references. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Richardson, S D AU - Thruston, AD AU - Collette, T W AU - McGuire, J M AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 991 EP - 997 VL - 10 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Pipes (see also conduits, drains, pipelines,sewers) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13725606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Application+of+multispectral+techniques+to+the+precise+identification+of+aldehydes+in+the+environment&rft.au=Richardson%2C+S+D%3BThruston%2C+AD%3BCollette%2C+T+W%3BMcGuire%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of bioremediation on the mutagenicity of oil spilled in Prince William Sound, Alaska AN - 13725480; S199240967 AB - The mutagenicity of the components of an oil spill and their degradation products were studied at Snug harbour in the vicinity of Prince William Sound. Selected areas of the contaminated sand /gravel or cobblestone beaches had been treated by slow release fertilizer, or an oleophilic formulation, to stimulate biodegradation. Samples, taken at the time of fertilizer addition and subsequently at 2-monthly intervals, were extracted with chloromethane. Mutagenicity was assessed by spiral Salmonella assay, a semi-automatic method requiring less sample than the standard assay. All samples were mutagenic, but the mutagenicity declined with time. This was true for treated and control areas and whether the values were expressed relative to solid material or organic matter. JF - Chemosphere AU - Claxton, L D AU - Houk, V S AU - Williams, R AU - Kremer, F AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 643 EP - 650 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Oleophilic materials KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13725480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Effect+of+bioremediation+on+the+mutagenicity+of+oil+spilled+in+Prince+William+Sound%2C+Alaska&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BHouk%2C+V+S%3BWilliams%2C+R%3BKremer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=643&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field-testing distribution water quality models AN - 13725359; 199104176 AB - An extensive field study, carried out jointly by the U.S. EPA and the North Penn Water Authority, to develop a series of models for predicting contamination in water distribution systems is summarized. An example is given of the application of one model to study the movement of water-borne contaminants in the distribution system of Cabool, Mo., following an outbreak of water-borne disease in the area. This approach has also been applied to a large regional system in Connecticut, using fluoride as a tracer. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Clark, R M AU - Grayman, WM AU - Goodrich, JA AU - Deininger, R A AU - Hess, A F AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 67 EP - 75 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Diseases (see also individual groups below) KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Waterborne KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13725359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Field-testing+distribution+water+quality+models&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BGrayman%2C+WM%3BGoodrich%2C+JA%3BDeininger%2C+R+A%3BHess%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regiospecific dechlorination of pentachlorophenol by dichlorophenol-adapted micro-organisms in freshwater, anaerobic sediment slurries AN - 13725068; 199104139 AB - Studies are reported on the reductive dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCE) by non-adapted microbial populations from freshwater sediments and by microbial populations adapted to dechlorinate either 2,4- or 3,4-dichlorophenol (DCP). Non-adapted populations either did not dechlorinate PCP or did so only after a lag period of at least 40 d. Adapted communities dechlorinated PCP without an initial lag phase. The dechlorination pathways are discussed. A 1:1 mixture of the 2 types of adapted populations carried out dechlorination in the order para, ortho, meta substitution. Several intermediate degradation products were identified. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Bryant, F O AU - Hale, D D AU - Rogers, JE AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 2293 EP - 2301 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Manure slurries KW - Ortho- (see also without prefix) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13725068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Regiospecific+dechlorination+of+pentachlorophenol+by+dichlorophenol-adapted+micro-organisms+in+freshwater%2C+anaerobic+sediment+slurries&rft.au=Bryant%2C+F+O%3BHale%2C+D+D%3BRogers%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunofluorescence and morphology of Giardia lamblia cysts exposed to chlorine AN - 13724931; S199239019 AB - Giardia cyst-like objects detected by immunofluorescence in chlorinated water samples often could not be positively identified by their morphological appearance. To determine the effect of chlorine on cyst immunofluorescence and morphology, Giardia lamblia cysts were exposed to chlorine for 48 h. The majority of cysts exposed to chlorine concentrations of 1 to 11 mg per litre at 5 and 15C lost their internal morphological characteristics necessary for identification, but most of them were still detectable by immunofluorescence. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Sauch, J F AU - Berman, D AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1573 EP - 1575 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Object-oriented KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13724931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Immunofluorescence+and+morphology+of+Giardia+lamblia+cysts+exposed+to+chlorine&rft.au=Sauch%2C+J+F%3BBerman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Sauch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and use of site-specific chemical and biological criteria for assessing New Bedford harbour pilot dredging project AN - 13724685; S199239533 AB - A pilot scale decontamination dredging project at a Superfund site was undertaken so as to minimize the effects of the operation on water quality. The principal contaminants, PCB and metals, were present at such high levels that site specific criteria were developed. These were based on pre-operational concentrations in water and biota. For chemical data, a statistically significant increase in contaminants at 2 sites was unacceptable; the biological criteria specified a test mortality no more than 50 per cent greater than that of the reference site for 1 species and no more than 20 per cent greater for any 2 species. The standards were set to prevent transport of contaminants over a significant distance. Water samples were collected during the operation and analysed within 16 h. A management committee made a daily assessment of environmental impact and modified future operations if quality criteria had been exceeded. This procedure permitted an effective and relatively non-polluting operation. JF - Environmental Management AU - Nelson, W G AU - Hansen, D J AD - U.S. EPA, Narragansett, R.I. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 105 EP - 112 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Superfund KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13724685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Development+and+use+of+site-specific+chemical+and+biological+criteria+for+assessing+New+Bedford+harbour+pilot+dredging+project&rft.au=Nelson%2C+W+G%3BHansen%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Giardia lamblia cyst infective dose for the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) AN - 13724403; 199104133 AB - Tabulated data are given on the infectivity of Giardia lamblia cysts, serially diluted and inoculated into gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The log10 50 per cent infective doses, calculated by probit analysis and the Spearman-Karber method, were 2.45 and 2.50, respectively. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Schaefer, F W AU - Johnson, CH AU - Hsu, CH AU - Rice, E W AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 2408 EP - 2409 VL - 57 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13724403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Giardia+lamblia+cyst+infective+dose+for+the+Mongolian+gerbil+%28Meriones+unguiculatus%29&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+F+W%3BJohnson%2C+CH%3BHsu%2C+CH%3BRice%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2408&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assay for beta-glucuronidase in species of the genus Escherichia and its applications for drinking-water analysis AN - 13724322; S199239465 AB - Beta-glucuronidase (GUR) activity was measured in species of Escherichia other than Escherichia coli isolated from clinical sources and in Escherichia hermannii, Escherichia fergusonii, Escherichia vulneris and Escherichia adecarboxylata isolated from water supply systems. Results were negative for all GUR tests using either the EC medium containing 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide substrate or the Colilert system and also for standard faecal coliform tests indicating that GUR assays distinguished E. coli from other Escherichia species. The Colilert system was more rapid and required only 1 incubation temperature. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Rice, E W AU - Allen, MJ AU - Brenner, D J AU - Edberg, S C AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 592 EP - 593 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Analysis KW - European communities KW - Media KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13724322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Assay+for+beta-glucuronidase+in+species+of+the+genus+Escherichia+and+its+applications+for+drinking-water+analysis&rft.au=Rice%2C+E+W%3BAllen%2C+MJ%3BBrenner%2C+D+J%3BEdberg%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment- and saturated-soil-associated reactions involving an anionic surfactant (dodecylsulphate). 2. Partition of PAH compounds among phases AN - 13724096; S199239289 AB - The partition reactions of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene to soils, sediments and micelles of the anionic surfactant dodecylsulphate were studied experimentally. Distributions of the aromatic compounds between media solids and aqueous phases containing dodecylsulphate micelles and monomers were quantified. The model described in the companion paper was used to define the forms in which the surfactant was present. Experimental distributions were compared with those based on the equations describing sorption to sediments, solubilization by dodecylsulphate micelles, and micellization. There are 46 references. (see also preceding abstract). JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Jafvert, C T AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1039 EP - 1045 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Media KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Pyrene KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13724096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Sediment-+and+saturated-soil-associated+reactions+involving+an+anionic+surfactant+%28dodecylsulphate%29.+2.+Partition+of+PAH+compounds+among+phases&rft.au=Jafvert%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Jafvert&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acidic lakes and streams in the United States: the role of acidic deposition AN - 13723719; S199239178 AB - The relative contributions of atmospheric deposition, mine drainage and naturally produced organic acids in the acidification of water bodies were assessed from the chemical data of the U.S. EPA's National Surface Water Survey. Approximately 1180 lakes and 4670 streams were considered. Deposition-dominated waters were defined as those in which sulphate and nitrate were the majority anions. Atmospheric deposition was the principal source of acid anions in 75 per cent of acidic lakes and 47 per cent of acidic streams. The acidity in the remaining lakes arose from organic anions; mine drainage accounted for 26 per cent of acidic streams. The areas most affected by deposition were in the eastern states. These are listed and the contributions of the 3 causes of acidification are shown. There are 36 references. JF - Science AU - Baker, LA AU - Herlihy, A T AU - Kaufmann, PR AU - Eilers, J M AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1151 EP - 1154 VL - 252 IS - 5010 KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13723719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Acidic+lakes+and+streams+in+the+United+States%3A+the+role+of+acidic+deposition&rft.au=Baker%2C+LA%3BHerlihy%2C+A+T%3BKaufmann%2C+PR%3BEilers%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=252&rft.issue=5010&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detoxification of pentachlorophenol and creosote contaminated groundwater by physical extraction: chemical and biological assessment AN - 13723672; 199104376 AB - Surface water and groundwater near an abandoned creosote works at Pensacola, Fla., were polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds. Studies on the feasibility of removing such contaminants from the groundwater by ultrafiltration showed that this process could reduce the concentration of total identified compounds from 210 mg to 1.5 mg per litre. Bioassays using embryos of silverside (Menidia beryllina) showed that ultrafiltration reduced the toxicity, teratogenicity, and Microtox EC50 responses. A map of the site showing sampling locations, a diagram of the contaminant plume near the stream, a diagram of the ultrafiltration unit, and tabulated data on the chemical composition of the stream water, groundwater, filtration feedwater, and final permeate are included, together with photographs of fish larvae hatched under different conditions. There are 36 references. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Middaugh, D P AU - Mueller, J G AU - Thomas, R L AU - Lantz, SE AU - Hemmer, M H AU - Brooks, G T AU - Chapman, P J AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 233 EP - 244 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Reduction KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13723672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Detoxification+of+pentachlorophenol+and+creosote+contaminated+groundwater+by+physical+extraction%3A+chemical+and+biological+assessment&rft.au=Middaugh%2C+D+P%3BMueller%2C+J+G%3BThomas%2C+R+L%3BLantz%2C+SE%3BHemmer%2C+M+H%3BBrooks%2C+G+T%3BChapman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Middaugh&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in the physiological performance and energy metabolism of an estuarine mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) exposed in the laboratory through a complete life cycle to the defoliant DEF AN - 13723558; S199239038 AB - Measures of physiological performance and energy metabolism were made on an estuarine mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) exposed throughout a life cycle to the defoliant DEF. Continuous exposure to DEF concentrations greater or equal to 0.246 ug per litre reduced survival through release of the first brood. Young production by individual females was completely arrested in DEF concentrations greater or equal to 0.606 ug per litre. Life-cycle exposure to concentrations greater or equal to 0.085 ug DEF per litre reduced young production by the population. An interaction between mysid age and DEF exposure concentrations modified growth rates and energy metabolism. Growth of early juveniles was not altered by DEF exposure. However, concentrations greater or equal to 0.140 ug per litre and greater or equal to 0.085 ug per litre retarded growth rates in older juveniles and young adults, respectively. Exposure to these same DEF concentrations stimulated respiration rates of most juvenile stages and young adults. Following 5 d exposure to DEF concentrations greater or equal to 0.085 ug per litre, mysids excreted less ammonia. Oxygen:nitrogen ratios of unexposed mysids became lower as juveniles matured, while DEF exposure resulted in higher oxygen:nitrogen ratios. Higher oxygen:nitrogen ratios during maturation of DEF-exposed mysids suggested greater reliance on energy-rich lipid substrates to support elevated metabolic demands, leaving reduced lipid for reproductive preparations. There are 32 references. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - McKenney, CL AU - Hamaker, T L AU - Matthews, E AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 123 EP - 135 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - Def KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13723558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+the+physiological+performance+and+energy+metabolism+of+an+estuarine+mysid+%28Mysidopsis+bahia%29+exposed+in+the+laboratory+through+a+complete+life+cycle+to+the+defoliant+DEF&rft.au=McKenney%2C+CL%3BHamaker%2C+T+L%3BMatthews%2C+E&rft.aulast=McKenney&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fish recruitment around a petrochemical centre in the North sea AN - 13723474; 199104248 AB - Data are presented from a study on the number and size of 2 species of fish in a Swedish fjord, on the Skagerrak, which receives discharges of petrochemical waste waters. Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) spawn in distant spawning grounds and migrate into the fjord at the larval stage, while blenny (Zoarces viviparus) are non-migrating and spend their entire lives in the fjord. The low abundance and large mean size of both species in the area affected by the waste water indicated that recruitment was impaired. This was further indicated by high mortality of blenny fry. JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin AU - Jacobsson, A AU - Neuman, E AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Oregrund Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 269 EP - 272 VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 0025-326X, 0025-326X KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13723474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Fish+recruitment+around+a+petrochemical+centre+in+the+North+sea&rft.au=Jacobsson%2C+A%3BNeuman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Jacobsson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.issn=0025326X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Director-General of water services - part II - instruments of appointment AN - 13723401; 199200930 AB - The conditions in the instruments of appointment setting up statutory water and sewerage undertakers are discussed in detail. The following subjects are considered: charges and the K factor; infrastructure charges; charges schemes; undue discrimination and preference; accounts and accounting information; underground assets management plan; codes of practice for customers, for disconnection and for leakage on metered premises; levels of service information; and land disposal. Other conditions relate to provision of information to the Director General, fees to fund regulatory bodies and changes to appointments. JF - Water Law AU - Merry, A AU - Venters, R AD - Office of Water Services Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 189 EP - 195 VL - 2 IS - 6 SN - 0959-9754, 0959-9754 KW - Instrumentation KW - Undertaker KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13723401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Law&rft.atitle=Director-General+of+water+services+-+part+II+-+instruments+of+appointment&rft.au=Merry%2C+A%3BVenters%2C+R&rft.aulast=Merry&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Law&rft.issn=09599754&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Legislation. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid-volatile sulphide as a factor mediating cadmium and nickel bioavailability in contaminated sediments AN - 13723270; S199240868 AB - In experiments on the use of acid-volatile sulphide in determining the bio-availability of metals in sediment, samples of estuarine sediment heavily contaminated with cadmium and nickel were analysed for acid-volatile sulphide and simultaneously extracted metals, and the toxicity of the sediment to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, and the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, was determined. Sediment samples with metal/sulphide ratios greater than 1 were toxic to Hyalella, while those with lower ratios were not. Metal/sulphate ratios also appeared to be important in determining the bioaccumulation of the metals by Lumbriculus, which was less sensitive than Hyalella to the metals. However, certain aspects required further investigation before normalization of the concentrations of certain metals to acid-volatile sulphide could be used to assess sediment quality. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Ankley, G T AU - Phipps, G L AU - Leonard, EN AU - Benoit, DA AU - Mattson, V R AU - Kosian, P A AU - Cotter, A M AU - Dierkes, J R AU - Hansen, D J AU - Mahony, J D AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1299 EP - 1307 VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Analysis KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13723270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Acid-volatile+sulphide+as+a+factor+mediating+cadmium+and+nickel+bioavailability+in+contaminated+sediments&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BPhipps%2C+G+L%3BLeonard%2C+EN%3BBenoit%2C+DA%3BMattson%2C+V+R%3BKosian%2C+P+A%3BCotter%2C+A+M%3BDierkes%2C+J+R%3BHansen%2C+D+J%3BMahony%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Propidium iodide as an indicator of Giardia cyst viability AN - 13723224; 199200432 AB - Propidium iodide staining was compared with excystation for assessing the viability of heat-inactivated and chemically inactivated Giardia muris cysts. Propidium iodide could be used with an immunofluorescence detection procedure. G. muris cysts were exposed to heat (56C), 0.5-4 mg chlorine per litre (pH 7.0, 5C) 0.1-10 mg quarternary ammonium compound per litre or 2 mg performed and forming monochloramine per litre (pH 7.2, 18-20C). There was a positive correlation between per cent propidium iodide-stained cysts and lack of excystation in G. muris cysts exposed to heat or the quarternary ammonium compound but not in cysts exposed to chlorine or monochloramines. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Sauch, J F AU - Flanigan, D AU - Galvin, M L AU - Berman, D AU - Jakubowski, W AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 3243 EP - 3247 VL - 57 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13723224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Propidium+iodide+as+an+indicator+of+Giardia+cyst+viability&rft.au=Sauch%2C+J+F%3BFlanigan%2C+D%3BGalvin%2C+M+L%3BBerman%2C+D%3BJakubowski%2C+W&rft.aulast=Sauch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollution and its consequences on drinking water quality AN - 13723198; S199241817 AB - The influence of air pollution on groundwater and surface water is reviewed. The impact of acidification is discussed. A national programme was launched by the Research Council of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency to study the impact of acidification on human health. Three research areas were identified: basic toxicological research, epidemiology and applied toxicology, and methods to determine changes in levels and exposure. Adverse health effects arising from air pollution affecting drinking water quality are discussed. The elements of concern were lead, copper, cadmium and aluminium. JF - Water Supply AU - Johansson, N AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solna Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 3 EP - 4-3-7 VL - 9 IS - 3/4 SN - 0735-1917, 0735-1917 KW - Pb KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13723198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Supply&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+and+its+consequences+on+drinking+water+quality&rft.au=Johansson%2C+N&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Supply&rft.issn=07351917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A gas chromatographic/chemical indicator approach to assessing ground water contamination by petroleum products AN - 13723079; 199201016 AB - Water soluble fractions and neat samples of unleaded petrol, kerosene and diesel fuel were analysed by U.S. EPA methods 602, 610 and 625. All employed gas chromatographic analysis with different methods of extracting the aqueous samples: gas purging was used in method 602 while methods 610 and 625 utilized methylene chloride as extractant, the former from a basic solution and the latter additionally from an acidic one. A table of indicator compounds was constructed for each type of fuel. Field samples were best examined by a combination of methods 602 and 610 occasionally supplemented by method 625 and mass spectrometry. Field samples sometimes correspond with water extracts and sometimes with components of the neat fuels, indicating a fuel-water agglomeration. The approach was a viable way diagnosing contamination by petroleum products. JF - Ground Water Monitoring Review AU - Thomas, D H AU - Delfino, J J AD - U.S. EPA, Denver, Colo. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 90 EP - 100 VL - 11 IS - 4 KW - Analysis KW - Methylene chloride KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Unleaded petrol KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13723079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water+Monitoring+Review&rft.atitle=A+gas+chromatographic%2Fchemical+indicator+approach+to+assessing+ground+water+contamination+by+petroleum+products&rft.au=Thomas%2C+D+H%3BDelfino%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water+Monitoring+Review&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's pollution prevention strategy AN - 13723036; S199239530 AB - In January 1991, the U.S. EPA produced a pollution prevention strategy with a number of goals. The U.S. EPA would identify legal obstacles to pollution prevention; it would make more information available to the public to put pressure on polluters; it would ensure that discharges to air, land and water were treated in an integrated way; and it wanted the enforcement process to encourage better behaviour. The agency had asked 600 companies, which accounted for 90 per cent of toxic emissions, voluntarily to reduce the discharge of 17 specified chemicals by 50 per cent by 1995. A programme of education had also been initiated to increase environmental awareness, especially in the young. JF - Water Environment & Technology AU - Firestone, N AD - U.S. EPA Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 79 VL - 3 IS - 6 SN - 1044-9493, 1044-9493 KW - Asked KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Reduction KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13723036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+pollution+prevention+strategy&rft.au=Firestone%2C+N&rft.aulast=Firestone&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.issn=10449493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A QSAR study of the toxicity of amines to the fathead minnow AN - 13722822; 199201098 AB - Fish toxicity quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed for the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 96 h LC50 for unbranched saturated primary alkylamines. Linear QSAR models were in good agreement with the data set. The amines included acyclic and cyclic derivatives with and without hydroxyl, keto, methoxy, and propargyl groups. Molecular mechanisms for the toxicity of these amines to fish were examined. The results indicated that a QSAR model based on log P, alone or in combination with the valence first-order connectivity index, successfully simulated the acute toxicity of this class of amines to fish. There are 32 references. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Newsome, L D AU - Johnson, DE AU - Lipnick, R L AU - Broderius, S J AU - Russom, CL AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 537 EP - 551 VL - 109/110 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Keto KW - Methoxy KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13722822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=A+QSAR+study+of+the+toxicity+of+amines+to+the+fathead+minnow&rft.au=Newsome%2C+L+D%3BJohnson%2C+DE%3BLipnick%2C+R+L%3BBroderius%2C+S+J%3BRussom%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Newsome&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=109%2F110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sediment- and saturated-soil-associated reactions involving an anionic surfactant (dodecylsulphate). 1. Precipitation and micelle formation AN - 13722669; S199239288 AB - The anionic surfactant dodecylsulphate, in concentrations in the range of the critical micelle concentration, was used to study interactions with soil and sediment media components. The recovery of aqueous solutions of dodecylsulphate from medium slurries was depended on precipitation, micellization and micellar counter ion binding. Precipitation boundaries were estimated using mechanistic and semi-empirical mass action equations and their associated constants. The aqueous micelle and monomer dodecylsulphate concentrations were also found using these equations together with the material balance equations. There are 37 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Jafvert, C T AU - Heath, J K AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1031 EP - 1038 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Manure slurries KW - Media KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13722669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Sediment-+and+saturated-soil-associated+reactions+involving+an+anionic+surfactant+%28dodecylsulphate%29.+1.+Precipitation+and+micelle+formation&rft.au=Jafvert%2C+C+T%3BHeath%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Jafvert&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1031&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas chromatographic determination of phenoxy acetic acids and phenoxy propionic acids as their 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl esters AN - 13722523; 199200468 AB - A sensitive method for the analysis of phenoxy alkanoic acids was developed. Samples were adjusted to pH 10 or above and shaken with QAE Sephadex A-25 ion exchange resin to concentrate the compounds on to the resin which was then extracted by diethyl ether at a pH below 2. The extracts were esterified with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol in a 2 phase water/2,2,4-trimethylpentane system for 1 h at 70C. The organic phase was analysed by gas chromatography, using an electron capture detector, and also by mass spectrometry. Recoveries of 6 compounds from distilled water and a polluted run-off sample were at least 81 per cent, the confidence bands being 3.2-7.8 per cent for the former and 10-27 per cent for the latter. The method was capable of operating below 1 ug per litre. JF - Chemosphere AU - Adolfsson-Erici, M AU - Renberg, L AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solna Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 845 EP - 854 VL - 23 IS - 7 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Sephadex KW - Analysis KW - Phenoxy acetic acid KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13722523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Gas+chromatographic+determination+of+phenoxy+acetic+acids+and+phenoxy+propionic+acids+as+their+2%2C2%2C2-trifluoroethyl+esters&rft.au=Adolfsson-Erici%2C+M%3BRenberg%2C+L&rft.aulast=Adolfsson-Erici&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical profiles of toxicity, organic carbon and chemical contaminants in sediment cores from the Palos Verdes shelf and Santa Monica bay, California AN - 13722180; S199240526 AB - Vertical sections of 5 cm of sediment cores were examined from 2 sites on the Palos Verdes shelf near Los Angeles county sanitation districts' municipal wastewater outfalls and 2 reference sites in Santa Monica bay, Calif. There were statistically significant rank correlations between mortality of Rhepoxynius abronius and all measured chemical parameters in the sediment core at the outfall stations (total oil/grease, p,p'-DDE, PCB, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, cadmium, chromium, lead). Mortality increased from 12 to 23 per cent at the surface to the 15 to 20 cm horizon (81-85 per cent), remained relatively high through the 30-35 cm horizon (64-90 per cent) and then decreased to 9-29 per cent at the deepest horizon. JF - Marine Environmental Research AU - Swartz, R C AU - Schults, D W AU - Lamberson, JO AU - Ozretich, RJ AU - Stull, J K AD - U.S. EPA, Newport, Ore. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 215 EP - 225 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - Pb KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13722180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Vertical+profiles+of+toxicity%2C+organic+carbon+and+chemical+contaminants+in+sediment+cores+from+the+Palos+Verdes+shelf+and+Santa+Monica+bay%2C+California&rft.au=Swartz%2C+R+C%3BSchults%2C+D+W%3BLamberson%2C+JO%3BOzretich%2C+RJ%3BStull%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Swartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Tradescantia micronucleus assay for in situ evaluation of potential genetic hazards from exposure to chemicals at a wood-preserving site AN - 13722105; S199241122 AB - Tradescantia plants were exposed to soil slurries containing high arsenic, chromium and copper concentrations derived from the drip area of a wood preserving site. Genotoxic activity in the form of chromosome breaks in the mother pollen cells, resulted in the formation of micronuclei in the early tetrad stage that were detected using Tradescantia micronucleus assaying. Before any site remediation, the micronuclei frequency was significantly higher in the site exposures and in the test plots as compared with the control specimens. The assaying technique could be used for monitoring environmental contamination and also the efficiency of remediation operations. JF - Hazardous Waste & Hazardous Materials AU - Sandhu, S S AU - Gill, B S AU - Casto, B C AU - Rice, J W AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 257 EP - 262 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0882-5696, 0882-5696 KW - Hazard KW - Manure slurries KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13722105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hazardous+Waste+%26+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Application+of+Tradescantia+micronucleus+assay+for+in+situ+evaluation+of+potential+genetic+hazards+from+exposure+to+chemicals+at+a+wood-preserving+site&rft.au=Sandhu%2C+S+S%3BGill%2C+B+S%3BCasto%2C+B+C%3BRice%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Sandhu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hazardous+Waste+%26+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=08825696&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bilateral wastewater land treatment research by China and the US EPA AN - 13721592; S199239415 AB - Studies over a period of several years are reviewed to evaluate the rapid infiltration method of land treatment to solve the problem of sewage disposal for the Beijing region, China. The experiments were particularly concerned with the ability of the rapid infiltration process to remove nitrogen compounds from the sewage. Such systems were effective in diluting high nitrate concentrations in groundwater and in recharging aquifers with high-quality water. However, care should be taken to select sites with high infiltration rates to minimize land requirements. The rapid infiltration systems could be operated even under ice cover in winter, thus eliminating the need for winter storage of sewage. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Leach, LE AU - Duan, Z B AU - Wang, ST AU - Bledsoe, B E AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla., U.S.A. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 33 EP - 40 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13721592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Bilateral+wastewater+land+treatment+research+by+China+and+the+US+EPA&rft.au=Leach%2C+LE%3BDuan%2C+Z+B%3BWang%2C+ST%3BBledsoe%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Leach&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and enumeration of enteric viruses in cell culture AN - 13721436; 199200257 AB - Results of work, chiefly post-1985, to improve the recovery of viruses in cell culture determinations are reported. Surveys indicated little standardization, within laboratories routinely conducting virological examinations, in either the media or the sera used. Of these, those that provided the greatest cell division were not necessarily those that were most sensitive to viral presence. The addition of sodium hydrogen carbonate at the wrong concentration could reduce the viability of the cultures by several days, while the addition of 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine to the culture medium at the time the cells were planted improved sensitivity for some types of virus but depressed it for others. The type and material of culture flask, and the concentration of the inoculum, influenced cell increase and sensitivity; so did the solution in which the cultures were washed, the time of contact between the virus and the cell sheet before overlay, and the temperature/time factor (maximal counts at 25C for 80-20 minutes). In overlay procedures, several additives affected viral counts; the application of milk, preferably Difco powdered, provided an opaque background against which the plaques were more readily seen, but did not necessarily increase their number. The isolation of specific enteric viruses by various types of cell line had not always been as selective as earlier work had suggested, while clinical isolates behaved differently from environmental isolates. For the optimal isolation of enteric viruses from the latter, a list of preferred cell cultures is included. There are 115 references. JF - Critical Reviews in Environmental Control AU - Dahling AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 237 EP - 263 VL - 21 IS - 3/4 KW - 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine KW - Media KW - Reduction KW - Viruses (-general-) (see also individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13721436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Control&rft.atitle=Detection+and+enumeration+of+enteric+viruses+in+cell+culture&rft.au=Dahling&rft.aulast=Dahling&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Environmental+Control&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining giardiasis prevalence by examination of sewage AN - 13721410; S199241063 AB - Data on the numbers of Giardia cysts in crude sewage collected monthly for 1 year from 11 sewage works in different states of U.S.A. are presented. The cysts were determined by direct count, using criteria of size, shape and the presence of 2 or more internal morphological characteristics; the data were adjusted, based on the percentage of industrial waste water received at each plant. There was no correlation between cyst concentrations and geographical location by either latitude or longitude. However, when the 2 southernmost plants were considered as a group, the annual geometric mean cyst concentrations for this group were significantly higher than those for the remaining plants. There was no significant correlation between mean cyst concentration and mean daily flow at each plant. For various reasons, difficulties were experienced when an attempt was made to correlate cases of giardiasis with monthly cyst counts, but a significant positive correlation was found at one site. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Jakubowski, W AU - Sykora, J L AU - Sorber, CA AU - Casson, L W AU - Gavaghan, P D AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 173 EP - 178 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - State KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13721410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Determining+giardiasis+prevalence+by+examination+of+sewage&rft.au=Jakubowski%2C+W%3BSykora%2C+J+L%3BSorber%2C+CA%3BCasson%2C+L+W%3BGavaghan%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Jakubowski&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing BTEX biodegradation under denitrifying conditions AN - 13721247; 199200439 AB - The biodegradation by aquifer micro-organisms of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, collectively termed BTEX, was investigated in the laboratory with core samples from the saturated zone of an aquifer. Oxygen was excluded at all stages. The degradation of the hydrocarbons at an initial concentration of 25 mg per litre was investigated in serum bottles with and without nitrate as oxygen source. Ammonium and phosphate salts were included as nutrients. Nitrate proved necessary for effective degradation. Calculations showed that the nitrate removed accounted for 70-80 per cent of the compounds mineralized. Benzene did not degrade under any circumstances, and ortho-xylene only in the presence of other hydrocarbons. The rates were not greatly influenced by nitrate concentrations above 10 mg per litre. Pre-exposure to low levels of BTEX and nutrients had variable effects. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Hutchins AD - U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1437 EP - 1448 VL - 10 IS - 11 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Ethylbenzene KW - Ortho- (see also without prefix) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13721247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Optimizing+BTEX+biodegradation+under+denitrifying+conditions&rft.au=Hutchins&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NAPAP, a perspective AN - 13720933; 199200952 AB - The work of the National Precipitation Assessment Programme (NAPAP) which had co-ordinated multidiscipline and interagency studies in U.S.A. on problems of acid rain is summarized. The measures leading to the establishment of this organization, and the advantage of the critical assessment process used to evaluate research findings, are indicated. JF - Water Environment & Technology AU - Wong, CYM AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 42 EP - 44 VL - 3 IS - 12 SN - 1044-9493, 1044-9493 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13720933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=NAPAP%2C+a+perspective&rft.au=Wong%2C+CYM&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=CYM&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.issn=10449493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. EPA SITE demonstration of AWD Technologies' AquaDetox/SVE system AN - 13720907; S199241543 AB - The AquaDetox/SVE system combined steam stripping and vacuum extraction into an integrated closed-loop system with no air emissions which simultaneously treated groundwater and soil gas contaminated with volatile organic compounds. At the demonstration site in the San Fernando valley, Calif., soil and groundwater were contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Removal efficiencies in the range 99.92-99.99 per cent were achieved for groundwater and 93.4-99.9 per cent for soil-gas. Effluent groundwater complied with regulatory discharge requirements for TCE and PCE of 5 ug per litre for each compound. An economic analysis of the technology was also carried out. JF - Journal of Air & Waste Management Association AU - Evans, G M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1519 EP - 1523 VL - 41 IS - 11 KW - Pce KW - Steam-stripping KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13720907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=U.S.+EPA+SITE+demonstration+of+AWD+Technologies%27+AquaDetox%2FSVE+system&rft.au=Evans%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal changes in the benthos along a pollution gradient: discriminating the effects of natural phenomena from sewage-industrial wastewater effects AN - 13720817; 199200349 AB - Following implementation of measures to control marine pollution resulting from Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD) wastewater discharges to the California coast, and a series of severe storms and El Nino oscillations during 1980-83, macrobenthic data and geochemical characteristics of surficial sediments collected at 9 stations along the pollution gradient in 1986 were compared with 1980 and 1983 values. As the load of 15 measured contaminants continued to decrease during 1983-86, benthic conditions deteriorated, remained unchanged and improved at distances of 1 km, 3 km and 5-15 km, respectively from the LACSD outfall, indicating that natural phenomena were more important than LACSD effects at the 1 km station. The outer stations probably reflected long-term trends better than short-term variations in sediment contamination but significant increases in some contaminants could be due to storm-induced processes at these stations and to renewed effluent particulates accumulation at the 1 km station. Sediment toxicity tests did not facilitate discrimination between natural phenomena and LACSD wastewater effects on benthic conditions for which a study period of at least 6 years was probably required. There are 71 references. JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science AU - Ferraro, S P AU - Swartz, R C AU - Cole, F A AU - Schults, D W AD - U.S. EPA, Newport, Ore. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 383 EP - 407 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0272-7714, 0272-7714 KW - Hydrogeochemical KW - Oscillation (see also pulsation) KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13720817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.atitle=Temporal+changes+in+the+benthos+along+a+pollution+gradient%3A+discriminating+the+effects+of+natural+phenomena+from+sewage-industrial+wastewater+effects&rft.au=Ferraro%2C+S+P%3BSwartz%2C+R+C%3BCole%2C+F+A%3BSchults%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuarine%2C+Coastal+and+Shelf+Science&rft.issn=02727714&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in acute toxicity test results of three reference toxicants on Daphnia at two temperatures AN - 13720779; 199200352 AB - The effect of temperature (20 and 26C) on the toxicity of 3 reference toxicants (sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium pentachlorophenate, and cadmium) to Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex was investigated in 48 h static toxicity tests. The sensitivity of D. magna to cadmium increased 4-fold, and that of D. pulex increased 7-fold, at the higher temperature. The differences in sensitivity to the 2 organic compounds at the different temperatures were not significant. Acute toxicity tests using Daphnia should be carried out at 20C, since this temperature gave better precision and greater survival of control animals. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Lewis, P A AU - Horning, W B AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1351 EP - 1357 VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Animals (see also individual groups below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13720779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Differences+in+acute+toxicity+test+results+of+three+reference+toxicants+on+Daphnia+at+two+temperatures&rft.au=Lewis%2C+P+A%3BHorning%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of toxicity identification evaluation procedures to the ambient waters of the Colusa basin drain, California AN - 13720668; S199240045 AB - Pesticides were applied to rice fields in the Sacramento valley to prevent the growth of plants, algae and insects that reduced rice yields. Following the pesticide application, field water was released into agricultural drains that in turn discharged into the Sacramento river and delta. Rice irrigation was the largest single use of irrigation water in the Sacramento valley, and because the irrigation water (or rice return) flows were the primary source of drain effluent during the spring and summer (up to 33 per cent of the total flow), these discharges could significantly affect drain water quality and resident aquatic organisms. Acute and chronic toxicity of freshwater organisms (Ceriodaphnia dubia) was observed in the drain water during the period that coincided with the initial draining of the fields in 1986, 1987 and 1988. In 1988, a toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was conducted using Ceriodaphnia dubia in an effort to identify the cause of toxicity. Both methyl parathion and carbofuran were identified as possible toxicants. Mixture tests and chronic toxicity tests indicated that the concentrations of methyl parathion and carbofuran in the water sample accounted for the toxicity observed in Ceriodaphnia dubia. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Norberg-King, T J AU - Durhan, E J AU - Ankley, G T AU - Robert, E AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 891 EP - 900 VL - 10 IS - 7 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Algae (see also individual groups below) KW - Chronic toxicity tests KW - Insect KW - Reduction KW - Tied KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13720668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Application+of+toxicity+identification+evaluation+procedures+to+the+ambient+waters+of+the+Colusa+basin+drain%2C+California&rft.au=Norberg-King%2C+T+J%3BDurhan%2C+E+J%3BAnkley%2C+G+T%3BRobert%2C+E&rft.aulast=Norberg-King&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of acid-volatile sulphide in determining cadmium bioavailability and toxicity in freshwater sediments AN - 13720469; 199200359 AB - Freshwater sediments from a river and 2 lakes, containing different amounts of acid-volatile sulphide, were spiked with different concentrations of cadmium and their effect on the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus and the snail, Helisoma sp, was evaluated. At metal/sulphide ratios of 1 or less, no toxicity was observed and the mean whole-body cadmium content of the organisms was equal to or less than the maximal residues in animals surviving exposure to cadmium in water only. The relation between metals and acid-volatile sulphide could be used to establish criteria of sediment quality. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Carlson, A R AU - Phipps, G L AU - Mattson, V R AU - Kosian, P A AU - Cotter, A M AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1309 EP - 1319 VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Animals (see also individual groups below) KW - Helisoma KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13720469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+role+of+acid-volatile+sulphide+in+determining+cadmium+bioavailability+and+toxicity+in+freshwater+sediments&rft.au=Carlson%2C+A+R%3BPhipps%2C+G+L%3BMattson%2C+V+R%3BKosian%2C+P+A%3BCotter%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of selected lipid methods for normalizing pollutant bioaccumulation AN - 13720200; 199200440 AB - Pollutant bioaccumulation was frequently expressed in terms of lipid concentration to normalize results within and between species. Because the methodology of lipid determination was important, 4 solvent extraction systems were compared: acetonitrile, acetonitrile/pentane, acetone/hexane, and chloroform/methanol. Phase I of the comparison was an interlaboratory calibration in which bluefish tissue was extracted with chloroform/methanol. Phase II compared all methods on a range of tissues. Phase I gave excellent agreement with averages between laboratories differing by no more than 10 per cent. Acetonitrile gave the lowest extraction and chloroform/methanol the highest. The remaining systems were consistent, giving values of about 50 per cent of those from chloroform/methanol. The higher values of the latter were ascribed to the extraction of lipids from membranes. Agreement on a standard procedure was essential. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Randall, R C AU - Lee, H AU - Ozretich, RJ AU - Lake, J L AU - Pruell, R J AD - U.S. EPA, Newport, Ore. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1431 EP - 1436 VL - 10 IS - 11 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Acetonitrile KW - Hexane KW - Interlaboratory KW - Pentane KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13720200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+selected+lipid+methods+for+normalizing+pollutant+bioaccumulation&rft.au=Randall%2C+R+C%3BLee%2C+H%3BOzretich%2C+RJ%3BLake%2C+J+L%3BPruell%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatographic high resolution mass spectrometric method for the determination of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls: application to fish and marine mammals AN - 13720101; S199240276 AB - Analytical procedures and a quality assurance plan were developed for the determination of coplanar PCB in biological tissue at a target level of quantification of 5 pg per g. The methodology was based upon isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry and was analogous to rigorous protocols developed for PCDD/PCDF. Results from the determination of coplanar PCBs in fish and marine mammals are presented. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kuehl, D W AU - Butterworth, B C AU - Libal, J AU - Marquis, P AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 849 EP - 858 VL - 22 IS - 9/10 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Analysis KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13720101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=An+isotope+dilution+high+resolution+gas+chromatographic+high+resolution+mass+spectrometric+method+for+the+determination+of+coplanar+polychlorinated+biphenyls%3A+application+to+fish+and+marine+mammals&rft.au=Kuehl%2C+D+W%3BButterworth%2C+B+C%3BLibal%2C+J%3BMarquis%2C+P&rft.aulast=Kuehl&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=9%2F10&rft.spage=849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting the toxicity of bulk sediments to aquatic organisms with aqueous test fractions: pore water versus elutriate AN - 13719910; 199200265 AB - The use of pore water and elutriate for assessing the toxicity of sediments to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia), amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) was investigated, using 29 different sediment samples from 7 sites. In most cases, pore water was more toxic than the elutriate, and could be considered effective for predicting toxicity in sediments. However, in some cases the pore water was toxic when the bulk sediment showed no toxicity. Comparison of the sensitivity of the various test organisms indicated that species living in the upper water column were not suitable for evaluating sediment toxicity. Of the benthic species used, Hyalella was the most sensitive and Lumbriculus was the least sensitive. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Ankley, G T AU - Schubauer-Berigan, M K AU - Dierkes, J R AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1359 EP - 1366 VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13719910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Predicting+the+toxicity+of+bulk+sediments+to+aquatic+organisms+with+aqueous+test+fractions%3A+pore+water+versus+elutriate&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BSchubauer-Berigan%2C+M+K%3BDierkes%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical residues in dolphins from the U.S. Atlantic coast including Atlantic bottlenose obtained during the 1987/88 mass mortality AN - 13719375; S199240284 AB - Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) collected during the 1987/88 mass mortality event along the Atlantic coast of the United States were analysed for anthropogenic chemical contaminants. Average contaminant concentrations in adult males were higher than the average concentrations measured in adult females. Females could be divided into 2 groups by contaminant concentrations, 1 with low concentrations, and another with concentrations 4.4 times (PCB) to 8.9 times (p,p'-DDE) greater. Contaminant concentrations in bottlenose were generally greater than the concentrations measured in either common (Delphinus delphis) or white-sided (Lagenorhynchus acutus) dolphins from the western north Atlantic ocean. A subset of animals screened for unusual chemical contaminants showed that numerous polybrominated chemicals were present, including polybrominated biphenyls and diphenyl ethers not previously found in marine mammals from U.S. coastal waters. JF - Chemosphere AU - Kuehl, D W AU - Haebler, R AU - Potter, C AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1071 EP - 1084 VL - 22 IS - 11 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Analysis KW - Animals (see also individual groups below) KW - Diphenyl ether KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13719375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Chemical+residues+in+dolphins+from+the+U.S.+Atlantic+coast+including+Atlantic+bottlenose+obtained+during+the+1987%2F88+mass+mortality&rft.au=Kuehl%2C+D+W%3BHaebler%2C+R%3BPotter%2C+C&rft.aulast=Kuehl&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1071&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling the risk from Giardia and viruses in drinking water AN - 13719161; 199200604 AB - The problems and methodology of the assessment of risk from micro-organisms in drinking water are discussed. Dose response was best described by a beta-Poisson model which took account of the varying proportion of micro-organisms that survived after ingestion. Data were evaluated by the method of maximal likelihood. This gave estimates from which concentrations of various micro-organisms giving an acceptable annual risk of infection of 0.0001 could be calculated. Examples relating to viruses and Giardia suggested very low mean concentrations of 0.222-1900 and 6.75 per Mlitre, respectively. These figures suggested that normal drinking water monitoring would only detect a very high level of risk. A more practical approach was to measure pathogens in source waters and apply removal or inactivation factors for the treatment process to give a risk estimate of pathogen occurrence in the finished water. Conversely, minimal levels of treatment could be prescribed for various source waters to give acceptable risk levels. Ideally, information on analytically recoveries, viability and host specificity were required; in their absence, they were assumed to compensate for each other. No one virus appeared suitable for general risk assessment but a combination of characteristics for different viruses could be used. There are 52 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Regli, S AU - Rose, J B AU - Haas, CH AU - Gerba, C P AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 76 EP - 84 VL - 83 IS - 11 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Analysis KW - Hazard KW - Likelihood KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Viruses (-general-) (see also individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13719161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Modelling+the+risk+from+Giardia+and+viruses+in+drinking+water&rft.au=Regli%2C+S%3BRose%2C+J+B%3BHaas%2C+CH%3BGerba%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Regli&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental hazard and risk assessment under the United States Toxic Substances Control Act AN - 13719108; 199200928 AB - The provisions of the U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA) are reviewed. Under TSCA, risk assessment for a chemical consists of the integration of the hazard associated with the chemical with an assessment of its exposure to human beings or the environment. Toxicity data for a chemical consists of effective concentrations indicating the type and seriousness of effects at known concentrations. Effective concentrations are either measured or predicted using structure-activity relationships. Together, the effective concentrations for a chemical form a hazard or toxicity profile. Types of environmental assessment performed under TSCA are also described. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Nabholz, J V AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 649 EP - 665 VL - 109/110 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Hazard KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13719108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Environmental+hazard+and+risk+assessment+under+the+United+States+Toxic+Substances+Control+Act&rft.au=Nabholz%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Nabholz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=109%2F110&rft.issue=&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Legislation. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative subchronic toxicity of chlorine and monochloramine in the B6C3F1 mouse AN - 13719014; 199200714 AB - Separate groups of male and female B6C3F1 mice were subjected to chlorine and monochloramine at 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg per litre in drinking water for 90 consecutive d. The highest concentration aimed at a maximal dose of 40 mg per kg.d. No relevant mortalities occurred and no lesions were observed. Consumption of drinking water substantially decreased at the 2 highest concentrations. Differences in body weight, food consumption, haematology and organ weight were examined statistically by a one-factor analysis of variance; clinical chemical data were treated by the Krustal-Wallis non-parametric test. No direct toxicological effects were noted for either disinfectant. Factors such as weight loss were ascribed to indirect mechanisms such as reduced water and food intakes. No observed adverse effect levels for chlorine and monochloramine of 10-12 and 8.6-9.2 mg per kg.d, respectively, were indicated by this work. The results are reported in detail. There are 32 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Daniel, F B AU - Ringhand, H P AU - Robinson, M AU - Stober, JA AU - Olson, G R AU - Page, N P AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 68 EP - 75 VL - 83 IS - 11 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13719014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Comparative+subchronic+toxicity+of+chlorine+and+monochloramine+in+the+B6C3F1+mouse&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BRinghand%2C+H+P%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BStober%2C+JA%3BOlson%2C+G+R%3BPage%2C+N+P&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental factors correlated to dichlorophenol dechlorination in anoxic freshwater sediments AN - 13719000; 199200261 AB - Results are reported from a study on the reductive dechlorination of 3 dichlorophenol (DCP) isomers in anoxic sediments collected every month for a year from 5 sites in a pond near Athens, Ga. Several physico-chemical and microbial factors in the sediment were also investigated. For 2,5-DCP and 3,4-DCP the pH value, redox potential and sulphate and nitrate contents of the sediment accounted for 83 per cent of the variation in time required for dechlorination of 50 per cent of the isomer to a monochlorophenol (T50). In the case of 2,4-DCP, none of the parameters examined accounted for more than 50 per cent of the variation in T50 values. Chlorine was preferentially removed from the aromatic ring in the order ortho, para, meta, but the position of chlorine on the ring had no statistically significant effect on the persistence of the chemicals. There are 32 references. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Hale, D D AU - Rogers, JE AU - Wiegel, J AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 1255 EP - 1265 VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Ortho- (see also without prefix) KW - Para KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13719000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Environmental+factors+correlated+to+dichlorophenol+dechlorination+in+anoxic+freshwater+sediments&rft.au=Hale%2C+D+D%3BRogers%2C+JE%3BWiegel%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of b-glucuronidase assay for the detection of Escherichia coli from environmental waters AN - 13718962; S199240209 AB - To determine whether tests based on 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide (MUG) were suitable for drinking water analysis, a study was carried out to find whether MUG-negative Escherichia coli were present in significant numbers in environmental waters. Two hundred and forty E. coli isolates were cultured from 12 environmental water samples from lakes, springs, rivers, lagoon and sewage. Surface water samples were known to have faecal contamination. In analyses for beta-glucuronide, 86.3 per cent of E. coli isolates were positive in lauryl tryptose broth containing MUG, 92.5 per cent in EC-MUG broth and 95.4 per cent using the autoanalysis colilert (AC) procedure. In EC broth, 88.3 per cent grew and produced gas. Fixed-effects analysis of variance indicated no significant differences (alpha equal to 0.10) among the methods. Production of beta-glucuronidase by some E. coli isolates in the lactose-based broths was temperature-dependent, the percentage of MUG-negative isolates decreasing from 13.7 per cent at 35C to 7.5 per cent at 44.5C. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology AU - Shadix, L C AU - Rice, E W AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 908 EP - 911 VL - 37 IS - 12 KW - Alpha- (see also without prefix) KW - Analysis KW - Reduction KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13718962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+b-glucuronidase+assay+for+the+detection+of+Escherichia+coli+from+environmental+waters&rft.au=Shadix%2C+L+C%3BRice%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Shadix&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=908&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioconcentration of polycyclic heteroaromatic hydrocarbons in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) AN - 13718298; 199200182 AB - Bioaccumulation of 16 hetero polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their parent compounds (fluorene, anthracene and pyrene) was studied in guppies in static, semi-static and elimination experiments. Decreases in initial aqueous concentration of each PAH were monitored using HPLC. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) were calculated on the basis of a first-order 1-compartment kinetic model. The static tests, performed over 2 d, were a satisfactory alternative to the more laborious semi-static procedure for obtaining BCFs, but were less satisfactory for estimation of depuration rate constants. Measurement of tissue concentrations of the 3 parent PAH compounds, after 7 d semi-static exposure, revealed high concentrations in the kidney and liver, and a high fraction of the total body burden in the muscle and gastrointestinal tract. There are 40 references. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - de Voogt, P AU - van Hattum, B AU - Leonards, P AU - Klamer, J C AU - Govers, H AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solna, Sweden Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 169 EP - 194 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - Anthracene KW - Fluorene KW - Pyrene KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13718298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Bioconcentration+of+polycyclic+heteroaromatic+hydrocarbons+in+the+guppy+%28Poecilia+reticulata%29&rft.au=de+Voogt%2C+P%3Bvan+Hattum%2C+B%3BLeonards%2C+P%3BKlamer%2C+J+C%3BGovers%2C+H&rft.aulast=de+Voogt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pilot-scale evaluation of incinerating listed wastes from specific sources AN - 13712890; S199342583 AB - Results are presented from pilot-scale studies on the incineration of 4 hazardous wastes, namely sludge from treatment of wood preserving processes that used creosote and/or pentachlorophenol, distillation bottom tars from production of phthalic anhydride from naphthalene, sludge from treatment of waste waters from production of disulphoton, and decanter tank tar sludge from coking operations. The characteristics of the wastes are described and details, are given of the rotary-kiln incineration facility. The performance of the incinerator as regards destruction of principal hazardous organic constituents and particulates is tabulated. These wastes could be incinerated, but more effective control of mist carry-over from the air pollution control device would be required in some cases to meet standards for particulate emission. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Dempsey, C R AU - Thurnau, R C AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 255 EP - 265 VL - 24 IS - 12 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Disulphoton KW - Equipment KW - Hazard KW - Phthalic anhydride KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13712890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Pilot-scale+evaluation+of+incinerating+listed+wastes+from+specific+sources&rft.au=Dempsey%2C+C+R%3BThurnau%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Dempsey&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acclimation of aquatic microbial communities to Hg(II) and CH3Hg in polluted freshwater ponds AN - 13709539; S199343553 AB - A modified direct viable counting method was used to enumerate mercury(II)- and methyl mercury-resistant bacteria from mercury contaminated ponds. The microbial community of the mercury polluted pond showed elevated tolerance to mercury(II) compared to the community of the control pond. There was minimal acclimation to methyl mercury. Mercury(II), but not methyl mercury, was at threshold toxic levels in the pond water. There are 49 references. JF - Microbial Ecology AU - Liebert, CA AU - Barkay, T AU - Turner, R R AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 139 EP - 149 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0095-3628, 0095-3628 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13709539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology&rft.atitle=Acclimation+of+aquatic+microbial+communities+to+Hg%28II%29+and+CH3Hg+in+polluted+freshwater+ponds&rft.au=Liebert%2C+CA%3BBarkay%2C+T%3BTurner%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Liebert&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Ecology&rft.issn=00953628&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The relationships of Hg(II) volatilization from a freshwater pond to the abundance of mer genes in the gene pool of the indigenous microbial community AN - 13709508; S199343554 AB - Microbial-mediated reduction and volatilization contributed to the removal of mercury(II) from polluted waters and was related to enrichment of mer sequences in the indigenous microbial community. Stimulation of merA mediated reduction could be used for bioremediation of mercury polluted natural waters. There are 35 references. JF - Microbial Ecology AU - Barkay, T AU - Turner, R R AU - Vandenbrook, A AU - Liebert, C AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 151 EP - 161 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0095-3628, 0095-3628 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13709508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+relationships+of+Hg%28II%29+volatilization+from+a+freshwater+pond+to+the+abundance+of+mer+genes+in+the+gene+pool+of+the+indigenous+microbial+community&rft.au=Barkay%2C+T%3BTurner%2C+R+R%3BVandenbrook%2C+A%3BLiebert%2C+C&rft.aulast=Barkay&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Ecology&rft.issn=00953628&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA SITE demonstration of BioTrol aqueous treatment system AN - 13708195; S199342193 AB - A mobile BioTrol aqueous treatment system was tested using groundwater from a wood preserving facility contaminated with about 45 ppm pentachlorophenol (PCP). The system comprised a conditioning tank, a heater and heat exchanger, a 3-stage fixed-film bioreactor, a blower, process pumps and a nutrient feed system. An indigenous bacterial population was used for start up and acclimation. Flow rates of 1, 3 and 5 gpm corresponding to retention times of 9, 3 and 1.8 h, respectively, were used. The system could achieve 96 per cent removal of PCP at the design flow rate of 5 gpm and almost 100 per cent at the lower flow rates. Decreases in chloride and total organic carbon indicated biochemical mineralization of PCP to sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide. Sludge quantities were too small for adsorption to be a significant removal mechanism. Acute biomonitoring showed that the biological treatment system removed the toxicity of the influent. The process was not affected by the presence of oil, suspended solids, metals and other sources of organic carbon. It may be suitable for the removal of other organic contaminants including hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. JF - Journal of Air & Waste Management Association AU - Stinson, M K AU - Skovronek, H S AU - Chresand, T J AD - U.S. EPA, Edison, N.J. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 228 EP - 233 VL - 41 IS - 2 KW - Reduction KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13708195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=EPA+SITE+demonstration+of+BioTrol+aqueous+treatment+system&rft.au=Stinson%2C+M+K%3BSkovronek%2C+H+S%3BChresand%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Stinson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological regions versus hydrologic units: frameworks for managing water quality AN - 13707126; S199343430 AB - National, regional/state and local scale framework for water quality assessment based on hydrologic units, drainage basins, political units and ecoregions are compared. Hydrologic units did not correspond to the characteristics relevant to spatial variations in surface water quality. Spatial frameworks based on ecological regions more accurately reflected similarities in water resources. There are 36 references. JF - Journal of Soil & Water Conservation AU - Omernik, JM AU - Griffith, GE AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1991 PY - 1991 DA - 1991 SP - 334 EP - 340 VL - 46 IS - 5 KW - Equipment KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13707126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+%26+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Ecological+regions+versus+hydrologic+units%3A+frameworks+for+managing+water+quality&rft.au=Omernik%2C+JM%3BGriffith%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Omernik&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+%26+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Federal regulatory assessment approach at the U.S. EPA. AN - 80287722; 2077658 AB - For this presentation the data package on acrylonitrile was used as an example of the processes by which risk assessment evaluations would be performed for chemicals regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Drinking Water. The discussion spans both regulatory and non-regulatory aspects of regulation. Developing risk assessments for EPA regulatory purposes is similar in all offices and in that context the considerations as well as the methods of assessing risks apply generally to regulatory considerations by other offices within the EPA. JF - The Science of the total environment AU - Fenner-Crisp, P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1990/12/15/ PY - 1990 DA - 1990 Dec 15 SP - 257 EP - 61; discussion 261-2 VL - 99 IS - 3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80287722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=Federal+regulatory+assessment+approach+at+the+U.S.+EPA.&rft.au=Fenner-Crisp%2C+P&rft.aulast=Fenner-Crisp&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-12-15&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1991-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A White House perspective on risk assessment and risk communication. AN - 80284239; 2077655 AB - The fear of malign influences in our environment is so widespread today that the general public believes that it is those factors they cannot control that will bring about their early demise. Our goals in government must be to effectively communicate information on environmental risks, and to develop a disciplined way of approaching environmental assessment and regulation so as to reduce those risks. JF - The Science of the total environment AU - Young, A L AD - Executive Office of The President, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Washington, DC 20506. Y1 - 1990/12/15/ PY - 1990 DA - 1990 Dec 15 SP - 223 EP - 8; discussion 228-9 VL - 99 IS - 3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Communication KW - Environmental Health KW - Government Agencies KW - Environmental Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80284239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=A+White+House+perspective+on+risk+assessment+and+risk+communication.&rft.au=Young%2C+A+L&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-12-15&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1991-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chemically induced maternal toxicity on prenatal development in the rat. AN - 80317791; 2087686 AB - The hypothesis that chemically induced overt maternal toxicity induces a characteristic syndrome of adverse developmental effects in the rat was investigated. Pregnant animals (Sprague-Dawley strain) were dosed by oral gavage with one of a series of compounds on days 6-15 of gestation. These chemicals were diquat (DIQ), ethylene-bis-isothiocyanate (EBIS), toxaphene (TOX), styrene (STY), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-Tr), triphenyl tin hydroxide (TPTH), and cacodylic acid (CAC). The compounds were chosen because they exhibited little or no developmental toxicity in previous studies. Dosage levels producing maternal weight loss and/or lethality were determined from preliminary toxicity studies. Significant maternal weight reductions were noted during the course of treatment with all compounds except CAC and 2,4,5-Tr. Maternal lethality was produced by EBIS, TOX, 2,4,-D, and 2,4,5-Tr. The main treatment-related developmental toxicity noted in litters at term consisted of increased lethality (EBIS, TPTH) and decreased fetal weight (EBIS and CAC). Treatment-related anomalies were seen in litters treated with 2,4-D and TOX (supernumerary ribs) and with EBIS and STY (enlarged renal pelvis). No significant developmental effects were produced with DIQ, or 2,4,5-Tr. This study indicates that overt maternal toxicity as defined by weight loss or mortality is not always associated with the same defined syndrome of adverse developmental effects in the rat. JF - Teratology AU - Chernoff, N AU - Setzer, R W AU - Miller, D B AU - Rosen, M B AU - Rogers, J M AD - Developmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/12// PY - 1990 DA - December 1990 SP - 651 EP - 658 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Isothiocyanates KW - 0 KW - Organotin Compounds KW - Thiocyanates KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 2577AQ9262 KW - ethylenebis(isothiocyanate) KW - 3688-08-2 KW - Toxaphene KW - 8001-35-2 KW - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 9Q963S4YMX KW - Diquat KW - A9A615U4MP KW - Cacodylic Acid KW - AJ2HL7EU8K KW - triphenyltin hydroxide KW - KKL46V5313 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Toxaphene -- toxicity KW - Organotin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Pregnancy Complications -- chemically induced KW - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Stress, Physiological -- physiopathology KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Thiocyanates -- toxicity KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Cacodylic Acid -- toxicity KW - Fetal Death -- chemically induced KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Diquat -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Fetal Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80317791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chemically+induced+maternal+toxicity+on+prenatal+development+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Chernoff%2C+N%3BSetzer%2C+R+W%3BMiller%2C+D+B%3BRosen%2C+M+B%3BRogers%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Chernoff&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1990-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-05-23 N1 - Date created - 1991-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concerns with Using Chlorine-Dioxide Disinfection in the USA AN - 19111972; 9104756 AB - There is renewed interest in disinfection with chlorine dioxide in the U. S. because of upcoming Federal regulations on disinfection by-products. Bench studies and field applications of chlorine dioxide have shown that it is an effective biocide that does not produce halogenated by-products such as trihalomethanes. There are some health concerns with ingesting chlorine dioxide and it metabolites, chlorite and chlorate, and concerns about tastes and odors. Residual concentrations of less than 0.5 mg/L were recommended in the trihalomethane final rule for the total oxidants of chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate. Others have recommended 1.0 mg/L. These concerns may be alleviated by removing the chlorine-dioxide species with granular activated carbon or reducing them to chloride before water distribution. A research project by EPA with the Evansville, Indiana Water Department has been initiated to evaluate this possibility. Parallel treatment trains will evaluate granular activated carbon and reducing agents. One train will consist of producing chlorine and chlorate free chlorine dioxide with the chlorine dioxide and chlorate reduced by the addition of a reducing agent producing no or low concentrations of chlorine-dioxide oxidants. Another disinfectant such as free or combined chlorine is needed to maintain a residual in the distribution system. (Mertz-PTT) JF - Aqua AQUAAA, Vol. 39, No. 6, p 376-386, December 1990. 9 fig, 6 tab, 33 ref. AU - Hoff, J C AU - Goodrich, JA AU - Lykins, B W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/12// PY - 1990 DA - Dec 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorine Disinfection Drinking water Trihalomethanes Water KW - treatment Activated carbon Biocides Chlorine dioxide KW - Organoleptic properties Public health Regulations KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19111972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Concerns+with+Using+Chlorine-Dioxide+Disinfection+in+the+USA&rft.au=Hoff%2C+J+C%3BGoodrich%2C+JA%3BLykins%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=Hoff&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-Term Studies of Profundal Zoomacrobenthos in Sweden's Great Lakes: Implications of Biotic Interactions AN - 19104272; 9107374 AB - Time-series analysis of zoobenthos in Sweden's great lakes showed that the predominant macroinvertebrates seemed to exhibit long-term population trends. Though the causal mechanisms are not known, it is suggested that food availability and competitive interactions may be important factors. For example, Pontoporeia affinis density and biomass were significantly correlated (positively) with variables representing food quality and quantity. During years with high abundances of amphipods, interactions between the predominant zoobenthic components may be important structuring forces. Profundal populations of Oligochaeta and Pisidium spp. in Lake Vanern exhibited long-term oscillations 'in phase' with Pontoporeia. In contrast, the abundances of P. affinis and Chironomidae in Lake Malaren were 'out of phase' with each other. Differences in foraging behavior may be an important mechanism lowering encounter rates and exploitative interactions between coexisting populations. It is suggested that meteorological cycles may influence pelagic production and allochthonous inputs (food availability), and, with time-lags, affect zoobenthic populations. However, interactions between the predominant zoobenthic populations, such as competition for food (exploitative) and physical disturbance (interference), may be equally important in forming the long-term trends. (Author's abstract) JF - Annales Zoologici Fennici AZOFAO, Vol. 27, No. 3, p 291-295, December 1990. 2 fig, 11 ref. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Contract SNV 5313177-7. AU - Johnson, R K AU - Wiederholm, T AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Impact Assessment Department, Freshwater Section, Box 7050, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Y1 - 1990/12// PY - 1990 DA - Dec 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Animal populations KW - Benthic fauna KW - Lake ecology KW - Limnology KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Sweden KW - Amphipods KW - Animal behavior KW - Aquatic animals KW - Biomass KW - Correlation analysis KW - Crustaceans KW - Food habits KW - Lakes KW - Midges KW - Oligochaetes KW - Population density KW - Temporal variation KW - Time series analysis KW - Weather KW - SW 0850:Lakes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19104272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Studies+of+Profundal+Zoomacrobenthos+in+Sweden%27s+Great+Lakes%3A+Implications+of+Biotic+Interactions&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+K%3BWiederholm%2C+T&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model for exchange of organic chemicals at fish gills: Flow and diffusion limitations AN - 15875191; 4015332 AB - A mathematical model for the exchange of neutral organic chemicals at fish gills was formulated based on limitations imposed by flows of water and blood to the gills, diffusion barriers defined by gill morphology, and chemical binding relationships within water and blood. This model was parameterized independently of exchange measurements and validated against datasets on the relationship of chemical uptake rates for large rainbow trout and small guppies to chemical hydrophobicity. This model was found to closely predict the magnitude and trends of observed gill uptake rates in these datasets, predictions deviating from observed values by no more than a factor of two over a range of octanol:water partition coefficients from 2 to > 10 super(6). Elimination rates for small guppies were also predicted. This analysis suggests that gill exchange can be understood and predicted on the basis of fundamental physiological and morphological variables (DBO). JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Erickson, R J AU - McKim, J M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA Y1 - 1990/12// PY - 1990 DA - Dec 1990 SP - 175 EP - 198 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - mathematical models KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Pisces KW - organic compounds KW - toxicology KW - ion transport KW - pollution effects KW - gills KW - bioaccumulation KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15875191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+model+for+exchange+of+organic+chemicals+at+fish+gills%3A+Flow+and+diffusion+limitations&rft.au=Erickson%2C+R+J%3BMcKim%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic compounds; toxicology; ion transport; gills; pollution effects; bioaccumulation; Pisces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Problems encountered in the design of epidemiologic studies of cancer in pesticide users. AN - 80371403; 2100769 AB - Epidemiologic studies of cancer in pesticide users suffer from three main difficulties: lack of appropriate controls, exposure ascertainment, and exposure to multiple pesticides. Principles of control selection are discussed in the context of cohort and case-control studies. Residence on a farm is associated with unique dietary and lifestyle factors which are important to account for in case-control studies of pesticides users on farms. Exposure ascertainment methods include information collected from job descriptions, interviews, pesticide suppliers, expert panels, application records, passive dosimetry, and biological monitoring. Sensitive methods based on cell receptor-pesticide complexes have been proposed, but have not yet been validated and field tested as methods of quantitative exposure assessment. Examination of studies which successfully helped demonstrate cancer causation is suggested as a means of determining which epidemiologic methods are most fruitful and efficient at identifying human carcinogens. JF - La Medicina del lavoro AU - Blondell, J M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. PY - 1990 SP - 524 EP - 529 VL - 81 IS - 6 SN - 0025-7818, 0025-7818 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cohort Studies KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80371403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Medicina+del+lavoro&rft.atitle=Problems+encountered+in+the+design+of+epidemiologic+studies+of+cancer+in+pesticide+users.&rft.au=Blondell%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Blondell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=La+Medicina+del+lavoro&rft.issn=00257818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-08-23 N1 - Date created - 1991-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyclophosphamide teratogenesis: evidence for compensatory responses to induced cellular toxicity. AN - 80231443; 2278024 AB - Cyclophosphamide (CP) administered ip to pregnant mice on day 10 of gestation (day of plug = day 0) is teratogenic (exencephaly, cleft palate, and limb malformations) at 20 mg/kg and embryolethal at higher doses. In the present study, CP was administered at 1, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg on day 10 of gestation. Embryos were removed at 8 and 28 hr postdosing, and two embryos from each litter were immediately stained with Nile blue sulfate (NBS) to identify areas of cell death. The remaining embryos were frozen and forelimb buds subsequently removed for flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of the cellular DNA synthetic cycle. Additional litters were examined near term (day 17) for morphological abnormalities; these data were correlated with embryonic toxicity as detected by NBS staining and FCM analysis. Only the highest dose produced malformations. In marked contrast, a dose-related increase in the percentage of limb bud cells in the S (DNA synthetic) phase of the cell cycle was detectable at all doses. Inhibition of DNA synthesis was detected at all doses 8 hr post exposure and persisted through 28 hr for doses greater than or equal to 10 mg/kg. NBS staining indicated increased cell death in the alar plate of the neural tube 28 hr after exposure to 10 mg/kg CP and generally increased cell death in areas of rapid cell proliferation throughout the embryo at 20 mg/kg. The absence of an overt teratogenic response at dose levels that produced significant perturbation of the cell cycle indicates that a measure of embryonic damage can be compensated for or repaired. The implications of these findings for the existence of thresholds in developmental toxicity are discussed. JF - Teratology AU - Francis, B M AU - Rogers, J M AU - Sulik, K K AU - Alles, A J AU - Elstein, K H AU - Zucker, R M AU - Massaro, E J AU - Rosen, M B AU - Chernoff, N AD - Developmental Toxicology Division, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/11// PY - 1990 DA - November 1990 SP - 473 EP - 482 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Oxazines KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Nile Blue KW - 2381-85-3 KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - S Phase KW - Mice KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Pregnancy KW - Cell Survival KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Incidence KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Cell Cycle -- genetics KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Cyclophosphamide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80231443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Cyclophosphamide+teratogenesis%3A+evidence+for+compensatory+responses+to+induced+cellular+toxicity.&rft.au=Francis%2C+B+M%3BRogers%2C+J+M%3BSulik%2C+K+K%3BAlles%2C+A+J%3BElstein%2C+K+H%3BZucker%2C+R+M%3BMassaro%2C+E+J%3BRosen%2C+M+B%3BChernoff%2C+N&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1990-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of chromosome aberration frequency and small-colony TK-deficient mutant frequency in L5178Y/TK(+/-)-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. AN - 80184863; 2263219 AB - The L5178Y/TK(+/-)-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma assay is used to quantitate the induction of thymidine kinase (TK)-deficient mutants. The mutants detected in the assay form colonies that can be distinguished as large or small. The induction of small-colony mutants has been associated with the induction of chromosome mutations. In the present paper, we compare the analysis of induced small-colony TK mutants with gross aberration analysis (the more classical approach to analyzing chromosomal damage). Data are presented for 34 mutagens. As expected, we find that while the induction of gross aberrations and the induction of small-colony TK mutants is correlated, there is no simple mathematical relationship between the two endpoints. The two markers evaluate different subpopulations of chromosome mutations. While either endpoint can be used to detect chromosomal mutations, it should be remembered that the small-colony TK mutants represent genetic events which are compatible with cell viability. Only those alterations compatible with cell viability are a significant risk for human carcinogenicity or mutagenicity. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Doerr, C L AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/11// PY - 1990 DA - November 1990 SP - 609 EP - 614 VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphoma -- enzymology KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Lymphoma -- genetics KW - Leukemia L5178 -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Leukemia L5178 -- enzymology KW - Cell Line KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Thymidine Kinase -- deficiency KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Mutation KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80184863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+chromosome+aberration+frequency+and+small-colony+TK-deficient+mutant+frequency+in+L5178Y%2FTK%28%2B%2F-%29-3.7.2C+mouse+lymphoma+cells.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BDoerr%2C+C+L&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-07 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobehavioral and sensory irritant effects of controlled exposure to a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds. AN - 80164599; 2255309 AB - Subjective reactions of discomfort, impaired air quality, irritation of mucosal membranes, and impaired memory have been reported in chemically sensitive subjects during exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in new buildings. Sixty-six normal healthy male subjects aged 18-39 were exposed for 2.75 hr to a complex VOC mixture at 0 and 25 mg/m3. Each subject completed control and exposure sessions at one-week intervals in counterbalanced order. Measurements included comfort ratings of eye, nose and throat irritation, symptom questionnaire and computerized behavioral tests. Subjects found the odor of VOCs unpleasantly strong and reported that VOC exposure degraded air quality, increased headache and produced general discomfort. VOC exposure did not affect performance on any behavioral tests. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Otto, D AU - Molhave, L AU - Rose, G AU - Hudnell, H K AU - House, D AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1990 SP - 649 EP - 652 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Irritants KW - Index Medicus KW - Headache -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Noise KW - Microclimate KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Odorants KW - Male KW - Irritants -- toxicity KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Attention -- drug effects KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80164599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Neurobehavioral+and+sensory+irritant+effects+of+controlled+exposure+to+a+complex+mixture+of+volatile+organic+compounds.&rft.au=Otto%2C+D%3BMolhave%2C+L%3BRose%2C+G%3BHudnell%2C+H+K%3BHouse%2C+D&rft.aulast=Otto&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-01-24 N1 - Date created - 1991-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphometric analysis of osteosclerotic bone resulting from hexachlorobenzene exposure. AN - 80097174; 2231778 AB - Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) exposure has been shown to induce hyperparathyroidism and osteosclerosis in rats. Experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of HCB-induced hyperparathyroidism and osteosclerosis on femur morphometry as well as femur breaking strength. Fischer 344 rats were dosed 5 d/wk for 15 wk with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, or 25 mg HCB/kg body weight. Hyperparathyroidism was produced in the two higher dose groups as reported previously (Andrews et al., 1989). Femur weight was significantly increased in the rats receiving 0.1, 1, and 25 mg HCB/kg body weight, whereas density was increased significantly at 1, 10, and 25 mg HCB/kg dose levels. Bone strength was also significantly increased at the three higher dose levels. Cross-sectional area of the midpoint of the femur was significantly increased at the 1 mg/kg HCB dose level. Cortical area and the proportion of the total area of the bone that the cortex occupied were significantly increased at the three higher dose levels. Medullary cavity area was significantly increased at the 0.1 mg/kg dose level but significantly decreased at the 2 higher dose levels of HCB. The right femur was significantly predominant to the left femur in weight, volume, and density through all dosing regimens. HCB exposure significantly altered bone morphometry and strength characteristics in the Fischer 344 rat. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Andrews, J E AU - Jackson, L D AU - Stead, A G AU - Donaldson, W E AD - Perinatal Toxicology Branch, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/11// PY - 1990 DA - November 1990 SP - 193 EP - 201 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Hexachlorobenzene KW - 4Z87H0LKUY KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- urine KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Calcium -- urine KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- blood KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- urine KW - Bone Density -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Phosphorus -- blood KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Osteosclerosis -- chemically induced KW - Osteosclerosis -- pathology KW - Hyperparathyroidism -- chemically induced KW - Femur -- pathology KW - Hexachlorobenzene -- toxicity KW - Femur -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80097174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Morphometric+analysis+of+osteosclerotic+bone+resulting+from+hexachlorobenzene+exposure.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+J+E%3BJackson%2C+L+D%3BStead%2C+A+G%3BDonaldson%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-12-24 N1 - Date created - 1990-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of 1-nitropyrene by human, rat, and mouse intestinal flora: mutagenicity of isolated metabolites by direct analysis of HPLC fractions with a microsuspension reverse mutation assay. AN - 80097135; 2231777 AB - The metabolism of [14C]-1-nitropyrene by human, rat and mouse intestinal microflora and a bioassay-directed chemical analysis of the isolated metabolites by assaying HPLC fractions with a microsuspension reverse mutation assay were examined. [14C]-1-Nitropyrene was metabolized by human, rat, and mouse intestinal microflora to 1-aminopyrene, N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene, N-formyl-1-aminopyrene, and two unknown metabolites identified as A and B. The predominant metabolite produced by human, rat, or mouse intestinal microflora following a 12-h incubation with [14C]-1-nitropyrene was 1-aminopyrene, which accounted for 93, 79, and 88% of the total 14C, respectively. Only minor amounts of N-formyl-1-aminopyrene (1.4, 1.2, and 1.0%), N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene (4.4, 3.0, and 3.4%), unknown A (1.0, 1.2, and 1.0%), and unknown B (3.3, 5.0, and 1.2%) were detected. These data suggest that a similar mechanism exists in the biotransformation of 1-nitropyrene by intestinal microflora from all three sources. Direct mutagenicity analysis of the HPLC fractions produced by intestinal microflora with the microsuspension reverse mutation assay indicated that mutagenic fractions can be resolved using this methodology. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - King, L C AU - Kohan, M J AU - George, S E AU - Lewtas, J AU - Claxton, L D AD - Genetic Bioassay Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/11// PY - 1990 DA - November 1990 SP - 179 EP - 192 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Pyrenes KW - N-formyl-1-aminopyrene KW - 0QG4IU067Z KW - N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene KW - 22755-15-3 KW - 1-aminopyrene KW - LUW9EO1681 KW - 1-nitropyrene KW - TD1665I8Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Intestines -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80097135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+1-nitropyrene+by+human%2C+rat%2C+and+mouse+intestinal+flora%3A+mutagenicity+of+isolated+metabolites+by+direct+analysis+of+HPLC+fractions+with+a+microsuspension+reverse+mutation+assay.&rft.au=King%2C+L+C%3BKohan%2C+M+J%3BGeorge%2C+S+E%3BLewtas%2C+J%3BClaxton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-12-24 N1 - Date created - 1990-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune alterations in rats following subacute exposure to tributyltin oxide. AN - 80057988; 2219138 AB - Adult male Fischer 344 rats were dosed by oral gavage with bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) in peanut oil for 10 consecutive days, at dosages ranging from 1.25 to 15 mg/kg/day. Other groups of rats were dosed daily for 10 days by oral gavage with cyclophosphamide (CY) at dosages ranging from 0.75 to 6 mg/kg/day. These rats served as positive controls for the immune assays employed. The immune function parameters examined included the following: delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody responses to bovine serum albumin (BSA), primary antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and trinitrophenyl lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) and enumeration of splenic lymphocyte populations. The DTH and antibody responses to BSA were not affected by TBTO exposure; however these responses were suppressed in rats dosed with CY at 6 mg/kg/day. The plaque forming cell (PFC) response to the T cell-dependent antigen SRBC was enhanced in rats dosed with TBTO at from 5 to 15 mg/kg/day. On the other hand, the PFC response to the T cell-independent antigen TNP-LPS was unaffected by TBTO exposure. Rats dosed with CY had suppressed PFC responses to SRBC and TNP-LPS at dosages of 3 and 6 mg/kg/day, respectively. Enumeration of splenic lymphocyte populations from TBTO-exposed rats revealed a reduction in OX8- but not W3/25- or IgG-positive cells. These results, as well as results from an earlier study from this lab, suggest that T lymphocytes are a primary target for TBTO-induced immune alterations and that the enhancement of the PFC response to SRBC in TBTO-exposed rats may be mediated by alterations in the suppressor (OX8-positive) T lymphocyte population. JF - Toxicology AU - Smialowicz, R J AU - Riddle, M M AU - Rogers, R R AU - Leubke, R W AU - Copeland, C B AU - Ernst, G G AD - Pulmonary Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/11// PY - 1990 DA - November 1990 SP - 169 EP - 178 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Antigens, T-Independent KW - 0 KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide KW - 3353Q84MKM KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Hemolytic Plaque Technique KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Cyclophosphamide -- immunology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Antigens, T-Independent -- immunology KW - Male KW - Antibody Formation -- drug effects KW - Cyclophosphamide -- pharmacology KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- immunology KW - Hypersensitivity, Delayed -- immunology KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- immunology KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80057988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Immune+alterations+in+rats+following+subacute+exposure+to+tributyltin+oxide.&rft.au=Smialowicz%2C+R+J%3BRiddle%2C+M+M%3BRogers%2C+R+R%3BLeubke%2C+R+W%3BCopeland%2C+C+B%3BErnst%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Smialowicz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-11-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1990-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selecting Innovative Treatment Technologies: A Practitioner's Guide AN - 19248609; 9301235 AB - The US EPA provides a number of tools for decision-makers who must evaluate technologies to remediate contaminated soils and groundwater. A 'road map' to guide the reader through the variety of US EPA resources available on innovative treatment technologies is provided. Some of the available resources include: screening guides that assist site managers in matching waste types with appropriate technologies; a bibliography, entitled Selected Alternative and Innovative Treatment Technologies for Corrective Action and Site Remediation, listing relevant and current US EPA reports on remedial technologies and how to obtain them; the ROD System (RODS) database, which contains information on technologies selected for individual sites; Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) reports, which provide performance data on innovative technology demonstrations; and the Alternative Treatment Technology Information Clearinghouse (ATTIC), which is a computerized library of treatability studies. Additional resources to be available include: information on technologies used at removal and remedial sites and their implementation status; an expert system to help select appropriate biological treatment processes for remedial sites; and an enhancement of ATTIC with treatment technology case histories from the Department of Energy, the Department of Defense and the Department of the Interior. (See also W93-01098) (Author's abstract) JF - IN: Superfund '90. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference, November 26-28, 1990. 1990. p 716-719, 1 fig, 3 tab. AU - Kovalick, W W AU - Kingscott, J AU - Sullivan, D AD - Technology Innovation Office, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC Y1 - 1990/11// PY - 1990 DA - Nov 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Decision making KW - *Information exchange KW - *Site remediation KW - *Superfund KW - *Technology transfer KW - *Waste management KW - Bibliographies KW - Databases KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19248609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Selecting+Innovative+Treatment+Technologies%3A+A+Practitioner%27s+Guide&rft.au=Kovalick%2C+W+W%3BKingscott%2C+J%3BSullivan%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kovalick&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coordination of Site Cleanup with Natural Area Development AN - 19155990; 9301101 AB - The New Lyme Landfill Superfund Site is a 40 acre site that was operated from 1968-1978 as a disposal facility for residential, commercial and industrial wastes. A Record of Decision (ROD) was signed by the EPA in 1985 after completion of the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study. The selected remedy described in the ROD included groundwater remediation and installation of a multilayer cap to prevent infiltration of water into the fill area. During the development of the Remedial Design project, the Ohio EPA developed and coordinated a unique solution to provide cover material for the site. The Ohio EPA project management staff suggested using an underdeveloped wildlife area adjacent to the site as a source for cover material. The Ohio EPA contacted the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (Ohio DNR) and jointly developed a plan to improve the habitat at the state-owned New Lyme Wildlife Area. That plan has been implemented through the EPA fund with the oversight of the Army Corps of Engineers. The excavation of cover materials was planned and executed to create a 60 acre lake in the 500 acre swampy forest areas. The lake was designed in coordination with Ohio DNR to provide a diverse habitat for waterfowl, shorebirds, furbearers and game fish. The project includes development of access roads and boat ramps to improve recreational use of the wildlife area. The lake is supplied by surface water that is not from the watershed of the landfill. Almost 900,000 cu yd of soil were excavated from the wildlife area to provide materials for grading and development of the multimedia cap. The use of cover materials from the wildlife area has lowered the implementation cost of the remedy by at least $3,500,000. Additionally, use of the soils from the adjacent wildlife area eliminated the truck traffic on local public roads that would have occurred if soils had been taken from other sources. The extra design efforts of the agencies involved has resulted in a greatly improved wildlife area and increased cost-effectiveness of the final remedial action at the New Lyme Landfill Superfund Site. (See also W93-01098) (Author's abstract) JF - IN: Superfund '90. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference, November 26-28, 1990. 1990. p 10-12, 1 fig, 2 ref. AU - Markowitz, D V AU - Mentzer, D AU - Smith, R AD - Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Emergency and Remedial Response, Columbus, Ohio Y1 - 1990/11// PY - 1990 DA - Nov 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Cleanup operations KW - *New Lyme Landfill Site KW - *Ohio KW - *Site remediation KW - *Superfund KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Landfills KW - Waste disposal KW - Water pollution control KW - Wetlands KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19155990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Coordination+of+Site+Cleanup+with+Natural+Area+Development&rft.au=Markowitz%2C+D+V%3BMentzer%2C+D%3BSmith%2C+R&rft.aulast=Markowitz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Development and Status of the U.S. EPA's Emergency Response Notification System AN - 19134150; 9301281 AB - A major objective of the US EPA's Emergency Response Program is to evaluate and, if necessary, respond to releases of oil and hazardous substances that pose a threat or potential threat to public health and/or the environment. To manage this function appropriately, the US EPA in coordination with other members of the emergency response community, including the National Response Center (NRC) and the US Coast Guard (USCG), have developed a nationwide system to receive and process notification of releases. This nationwide system consists of notification data collection and reporting processes that meet the legislative and regulatory requirements of the Clean Water Act (CWA), section 311; CERCLA of 1980, sections (103 and 104; SARA; and, the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP), sections 300.125, 300.300 and 300.405. Central to collecting, processing and reporting release notification among the NRC, US EPA and USCG is a national computer database called, the Emergency Response Notification System (ERNS). The database is maintained by the Department of Transportation's Transportation Systems Center (TSC) through an interagency agreement with the US EPA. The success of ERNS is largely a result of the frequent and dynamic communications among members of the emergency response community. With a solid database of release notification information, ERNS is now being developed to support incident and program management analysis, emergency preparedness and planning, US EPA enforcement, and responses to public and private information requests. (See also W93-01098) (Lantz-PTT) JF - IN: Superfund '90. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference, November 26-28, 1990. 1990. p 972-976, 8 fig. AU - Ouderkirk, D AU - Walter, R AU - Lee, D M AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Emergency Response Division, Washington, DC Y1 - 1990/11// PY - 1990 DA - Nov 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Databases KW - *Emergency Response Notification System KW - *Environmental protection KW - *Interagency cooperation KW - *Superfund KW - CERCLA KW - Coast Guard KW - Comprehensive Environmental Response Com KW - Data collections KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - National Response Center KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19134150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Development+and+Status+of+the+U.S.+EPA%27s+Emergency+Response+Notification+System&rft.au=Ouderkirk%2C+D%3BWalter%2C+R%3BLee%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Ouderkirk&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interdisciplinary approach to assessing the health risk of air toxic chemicals: an overview. AN - 80419303; 1670273 AB - To assist the regulatory branch of the Environmental Protection Agency in addressing the risk assessment of air toxics, the Health Effects Research Laboratory initiated a comprehensive inhalation toxicology program to provide key health effects data missing from the current data base. A priority ranking of chemicals based on the potential for substantial human exposure and the need for health effects data was developed to identify candidate chemicals for toxicological research. The major goal of the program is to evaluate the concentration-response from acute, intermittent and subchronic inhalation exposures to developmental, genetic, hepatic, immunologic, neurologic, pulmonary and reproductive toxicity in a manner that provides data for the regulatory health assessment of air toxic chemicals. Extrapolation and dosimetry research is also conducted to improve the basis for human risk assessment. Determination of biological endpoints to be examined will be decided on a compound-by-compound basis, depending on the physical, chemical and structural characteristics of the chemical and evaluation of the existing health data base. Although the main emphasis is on inhalation as the primary route of exposure, some of the laboratories will compare inhalation to other routes, such as oral, to better understand the influence of route of exposure and hence the potential applicability of existing health data. Acute and intermittent exposures will be done for all compounds. Upon evaluation of the acute results, a decision will be made as to whether subchronic studies are needed. Endpoints that show unusual sensitivity may be investigated in greater detail. The total length of exposure will vary from 1 to 21 days. The daily length of exposure will range from 1 to 8 hr. If adverse effects are observed at ambient levels, the time to recovery after exposure will be investigated. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Grose, E C AU - Selgrade, M J AU - Busnell, P J AU - Simmons, J E AU - Allen, J AU - McGee, J AU - Hauchman, F AU - Graham, J A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 157 EP - 169 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Animals KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Atmosphere Exposure Chambers KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Lung -- physiology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80419303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Interdisciplinary+approach+to+assessing+the+health+risk+of+air+toxic+chemicals%3A+an+overview.&rft.au=Grose%2C+E+C%3BSelgrade%2C+M+J%3BBusnell%2C+P+J%3BSimmons%2C+J+E%3BAllen%2C+J%3BMcGee%2C+J%3BHauchman%2C+F%3BGraham%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Grose&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment and risk management of noncriteria pollutants. AN - 80418904; 1670281 AB - Noncriteria air pollutants are synonymous with hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), air toxics or toxic air pollutants (TAPs). The term noncriteria pollutants refers to all air pollutants except for the criteria pollutants (SOx, PM, NOx, CO, O3, and Pb). Air toxics are pervasive in our environment worldwide in varying degrees. Uses of these chemicals are varied and numerous; their emissions are ubiquitous, and they include organic compounds such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, dioxins, aldehydes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals such as chromium, nickel, cadmium, and mercury. There are more than 70,000 chemicals that are in use commercially in the United States, and we know relatively little about their ambient concentrations, persistence, transport and transformation as well as their effects on health and the environment, many of which take decades to emerge. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, under the authority of Section 112 of the Clean Air Act, is mandated to regulate any air pollutant which, in the Administrator's judgment, "causes, or contributes to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to result in an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness." For such regulatory decision-making, EPA's Office of Health and Environmental Assessment (OHEA) provides scientific assessment of health effects for potentially hazardous air pollutants. In accordance with risk assessment guidelines developed by OHEA over the years, Health Assessment Documents (HADs) containing risk assessment information were prepared and were subjected to critical review and careful revision to produce Final Draft HADs which serve as scientific databases for regulatory decision-making by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) in its risk management process. EPA developed databases such as the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and the National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH) and a technical assistance response system called the Air Risk Information Support Center (AIR RISC), in addition, to help in implementation of the National Air Toxics Program by state and local regulators. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Lee, S D AD - Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 245 EP - 255 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Risk Management KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Databases, Factual KW - Decision Making, Organizational KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency -- organization & administration KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80418904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+and+risk+management+of+noncriteria+pollutants.&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's inhalation RfD methodology: risk assessment for air toxics. AN - 80418658; 1670284 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has advocated the establishment of general and scientific guidelines for the evaluation of toxicological data and their use in deriving benchmark values to protect exposed populations from adverse health effects. The Agency's reference dose (RfD) methodology for deriving benchmark values for noncancer toxicity originally addressed risk assessment of oral exposures. This paper presents a brief background on the development of the inhalation reference dose (RfDi) methodology, including concepts and issues related to addressing the dynamics of the respiratory system as the portal of entry. Different dosimetric adjustments are described that were incorporated into the methodology to account for the nature of the inhaled agent (particle or gas) and the site of the observed toxic effects (respiratory or extrarespiratory). Impacts of these adjustments on the extrapolation of toxicity data of inhaled agents for human health risk assessment and future research directions are also discussed. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Jarabek, A M AU - Menache, M G AU - Overton, J H AU - Dourson, M L AU - Miller, F J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 279 EP - 301 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency -- organization & administration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80418658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+inhalation+RfD+methodology%3A+risk+assessment+for+air+toxics.&rft.au=Jarabek%2C+A+M%3BMenache%2C+M+G%3BOverton%2C+J+H%3BDourson%2C+M+L%3BMiller%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Jarabek&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air emissions from the incineration of hazardous waste. AN - 80418046; 1670279 AB - In the United States over the last ten years, concern over important disposal practices of the past has manifested itself in the passage of a series of federal and state-level hazardous waste clean-up and control statutes of unprecedented scope. The impact of these various statutes will be a significant modification of waste management practices. The more traditional and lowest cost methods of direct landfilling, storage in surface impoundments and deep-well injection will be replaced, in large measure, by waste minimization at the source of generation, waste reuse, physical/chemical/biological treatment, incineration and chemical stabilization/solidification methods. Of all of the "terminal" treatment technologies, properly-designed incineration systems are capable of the highest overall degree of destruction and control for the broadest range of hazardous waste streams. Substantial design and operational experience exists and a wide variety of commercial systems are available. Consequently, significant growth is anticipated in the use of incineration and other thermal destruction methods. The objective of this paper is to examine the current state of knowledge regarding air emissions from hazardous waste incineration in an effort to put the associated technological and environmental issues into perspective. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Oppelt, E T AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 23 EP - 51 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Metals KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Metals -- analysis KW - Hazardous Waste -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Incineration -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80418046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Air+emissions+from+the+incineration+of+hazardous+waste.&rft.au=Oppelt%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Oppelt&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1994-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental carcinogenesis and biotechnology. AN - 80242069; 1366815 AB - Numerous environmental and host factors, some of which are known and some unknown, contribute to cancer development. While data and studies abound, our current understanding of the relation between cancer and the environment is still very limited. Understanding environmental carcinogenesis is critical to its effective management. Biotechnology has revolutionalized the study of biological and biomedical sciences. This minireview provides an overview of environmental carcinogenesis with emphasis on the contributions and prospects of biotechnology in advancing an understanding of environmental carcinogenesis for its prevention and intervention. JF - Journal of biotechnology AU - Chu, M M AU - Chiu, A AD - Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 17 EP - 35 VL - 16 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1656, 0168-1656 KW - Biotechnology KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Environment KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Biotechnology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80242069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Environmental+carcinogenesis+and+biotechnology.&rft.au=Chu%2C+M+M%3BChiu%2C+A&rft.aulast=Chu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biotechnology&rft.issn=01681656&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-15 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase induction on the acute toxicity to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of primary aromatic amines. AN - 80226505; 2276361 AB - The influence of enzyme induction on the acute toxicity of aniline and 4-chloroaniline to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was investigated. For these two xenobiotics, bioactivation reactions are known to occur in mammals. Induction of cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase was obtained by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of trout with a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254). Five days after ip injection with three different doses of Aroclor 1254 (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity in trout liver microsomes increased five- to sixfold. Cytochrome P450 concentrations in the microsomes were slightly, but significantly, enhanced in two of the three dose levels. The 96-hr LC50's of aniline and 4-chloroaniline were not affected by pretreatment with Aroclor 1254, suggesting that metabolic activation does not necessarily play a role in the acute toxicity of aromatic amines to fish. JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety AU - Hermens, J L AU - Bradbury, S P AU - Broderius, S J AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota 55804. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 156 EP - 166 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Aroclors KW - Proteins KW - Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) KW - 11097-69-1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Benzopyrene Hydroxylase KW - EC 1.14.14.- KW - 4-chloroaniline KW - Z553SGH315 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Aroclors -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Induction -- drug effects KW - Benzopyrene Hydroxylase -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- biosynthesis KW - Trout -- physiology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- biosynthesis KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80226505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.atitle=Influence+of+cytochrome+P450+mixed-function+oxidase+induction+on+the+acute+toxicity+to+rainbow+trout+%28Salmo+gairdneri%29+of+primary+aromatic+amines.&rft.au=Hermens%2C+J+L%3BBradbury%2C+S+P%3BBroderius%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Hermens&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+environmental+safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-05 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of mutagenic activity in urban fine particles. AN - 80223258; 2274994 AB - Samples were collected during the winter of 1984-1985 in the cities of Albuquerque, NM and Raleigh NC as part of a US Environmental Protection Agency study to evaluate methods to determine the emission sources contributing to the mutagenic properties of extractable organic matter (EOM) present in fine particles. Data derived from the analysis of the composition of these fine particles served as input to a multi-linear regression (MLR) model used to calculate the relative contribution of wood burning and motor vehicle sources to mutagenic activity observed in the extractable organic matter. At both sites the mutagenic potency of EOM was found to be greater (3-5 times) for mobile sources when compared to wood smoke extractable organics. Carbon-14 measurements which give a direct determination of the amount of EOM that originated from wood burning were in close agreement with the source apportionment results derived from the MLR model. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Stevens, R K AU - Lewis, C W AU - Dzubay, T G AU - Cupitt, L T AU - Lewtas, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 81 EP - 94 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Particle Size KW - North Carolina KW - New Mexico KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Specimen Handling -- methods KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Urban Health KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80223258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Sources+of+mutagenic+activity+in+urban+fine+particles.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+R+K%3BLewis%2C+C+W%3BDzubay%2C+T+G%3BCupitt%2C+L+T%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's control technology approach to assisting states and regions with air toxics problems: five case studies. AN - 80222412; 2274989 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced in June 1985 a new strategy to reduce public exposure to toxic air pollutants in the ambient air. Over the next 5-8 years, the strategy called for State and Local authorities to take on more of the lead regulatory role, with the Agency providing technical and financial assistance to their efforts. The shift in emphasis and responsibility from the Federal level to State and Local air toxics programs and the need to transfer expertise from the Federal level to the appropriate State or Local level prompted EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) and EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to develop and implement an innovative technical assistance program. This program is called the Control Technology Center (CTC). It has since been expanded to include technical assistance in the area of control of air toxics, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs); emission measurements; and other areas where expertise is available to ORD and OAQPS. During the CTC's first year of operation, operating guidelines were developed and three categories of technical assistance were established. These categories are telephone HOTLINE calls, direct engineering assistance, and technical guidance projects. The CTC HOTLINE is a special telephone number which State and Local Agencies can call for easy access to EPA personnel who can provide prompt assistance in a variety of ways including discussions, references to pertinent literature, and referrals to other EPA personnel. In some cases, a HOTLINE call will require more in-depth engineering analysis indicating a need for direct engineering assistance. These projects tend to be short-term (2 to 3 months) and specific in nature. In some cases, several agencies may indicate a need for information on the same source, or a group of Agencies may make a joint request. In these cases, the CTC Steering Committee, a group who advises the CTC managers, may decide that a technical guidance project is indicated. Technical guidance projects are longer-term and are intended to be of broad interest, useful to many agencies. This paper discusses the development of the CTC, experience to date with its operation, and future plans. In addition, five CTC projects are discussed to illustrate the assistance provided. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Nolen, S L AU - Dimmick, W F AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 257 EP - 267 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - State Government KW - Organizational Policy KW - Humans KW - Hotlines KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Consensus Development Conferences as Topic KW - Health Policy KW - Technology KW - Local Government KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80222412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+control+technology+approach+to+assisting+states+and+regions+with+air+toxics+problems%3A+five+case+studies.&rft.au=Nolen%2C+S+L%3BDimmick%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Nolen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air toxics in the U.S.: magnitude of the problem and strategy for control. AN - 80221409; 2274973 AB - Over the past several years, substantial concern has been expressed by some in Congress, environmental groups, and members of the public concerning the lack of progress in regulating toxic air pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). As a result, a number of amendments to the Federal Clean Air Act have been introduced to require EPA to regulate in a relatively rapid timeframe, a large number of potentially toxic pollutants that are released to the ambient air. This paper discusses EPA's current understanding of the magnitude and nature of the air toxics problem in the U.S., and the pollutants and source categories that pose the most significant risk to the public. The focus of the discussion is on routine releases, as opposed to catastrophic, accidental releases such as the one in Bhopal, India. The paper then discusses the strategy that EPA has put in place to deal with the problem and presents the status of a number of regulatory and non-regulatory activities under way to better understand the problem and to mitigate it. The strategy involves important roles for: (1) EPA to regulate national problems using a variety of Federal authorities in addition to the Clean Air Act, and (2) States to develop their own air toxic control programs to deal with unique local problems involving high risk point sources and multipollutant, multisource problems in large urban or industrialized areas. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Berry, D K AD - Air Quality Management Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - State Government KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Urban Health -- standards KW - Local Government KW - Environmental Monitoring -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80221409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Air+toxics+in+the+U.S.%3A+magnitude+of+the+problem+and+strategy+for+control.&rft.au=Berry%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of burnrate, wood species, altitude, and stove type on woodstove emissions. AN - 80221195; 2274995 AB - During the winter of 1986-87, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted an emission measurement program in Boise, ID, as part of the Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP). This program was designed to identify the potential mutagenic impact of residential wood burning on ambient and indoor air. One facet of this field sampling effort involved obtaining emission samples from chimneys serving wood burning appliances in Boise. As a companion to the field source sampling, a parallel project was undertaken in an instrumented woodstove test laboratory to quantify woodstove emissions during operations typical of Boise usage. Two woodstoves were operated in a test laboratory over a range of burnrates, burning either eastern oak or white pine from the Boise, ID, area. A conventional stove, manufactured in the Boise area, was tested at altitudes of 90 and 825 m. A catalytic stove was tested only at the high altitude facility. All emission tests were started with kindling a fire in a cold stove using black and white newsprint. Emissions were collected using the wood stove dilution sampling system (WSDSS) for a continuous period of about 8 hours, encompassing start-up and several wood additions. The results showed wide variability probably due primarily to the difficulty in duplicating conditions during start-up. Total WSDSS emissions showed the expected inverse correlations with burnrate for the conventional stove and nearly flat for the catalytic stove. While there appeared to be little or no correlation of total WSDSS emissions with altitude, the sum of the 16 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) quantified showed an inverse correlation with altitude: higher PAH emissions at the lower altitude. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - McCrillis, R C AU - Burnet, P G AD - Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 95 EP - 102 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Species Specificity KW - Heating -- methods KW - Altitude KW - Wood KW - Heating -- instrumentation KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80221195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Effects+of+burnrate%2C+wood+species%2C+altitude%2C+and+stove+type+on+woodstove+emissions.&rft.au=McCrillis%2C+R+C%3BBurnet%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=McCrillis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research on risk assessment and risk management: future directions. AN - 80220821; 2274985 AB - This paper has been reviewed by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The U.S. EPA has increasingly relied upon quantitative health risk assessments as the basis for management decisions about public health protection. Full utilization of risk assessment in management applications, however, is limited by uncertainties in the resultant accuracy of the risk estimates. This paper will discuss a research strategy to address the uncertainties in the risk assessment process and describe parallel issues to address in the risk management area. An attendant need for effective communication of complex scientific concepts is also identified. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Grant, L D AU - Jarabek, A M AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 217 EP - 233 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Forecasting KW - Health Policy KW - Research -- trends KW - Environmental Health -- trends KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80220821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Research+on+risk+assessment+and+risk+management%3A+future+directions.&rft.au=Grant%2C+L+D%3BJarabek%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's risk assessment guidelines. AN - 80220770; 2274984 AB - This paper has been reviewed by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. In 1983, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (U.S. NAS) proposed a framework for the processes of risk assessment and risk management in government agencies (U.S. NAS, 1983). Using the U.S. NAS scheme as an organizing principle, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) published guidelines pertaining to risk assessment in five areas: estimating exposures, chemical mixtures, mutagenicity, suspect developmental toxicity and carcinogenicity. These guidelines were developed to promote high technical quality and consistent practice of risk assessment Agencywide. This paper will discuss the historical development of the guidelines and their role in the work performed by the Agency. Each of the five (5) guidelines is outlined and anticipated revisions discussed. Related assessment activities and new subject areas are also presented. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Jarabek, A M AU - Farland, W H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Health, Environmental Assessment Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 199 EP - 216 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80220770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+risk+assessment+guidelines.&rft.au=Jarabek%2C+A+M%3BFarland%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Jarabek&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A respiratory tract dosimetry model for air toxics. AN - 80220698; 2274981 AB - The development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for the whole body in which inhalation, exhalation, and metabolism in respiratory tract tissues are taken into account is described. As an example of the model's use, the results of several experiments in which rats and humans were exposed to styrene were simulated; these results are discussed. The predicted results agree with the empirical data and with the modeling results of others. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Overton, J H AD - Inhalation Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 171 EP - 180 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Styrenes KW - Styrene KW - 44LJ2U959V KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Styrenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Respiratory System -- metabolism KW - Hazardous Substances -- pharmacokinetics KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80220698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=A+respiratory+tract+dosimetry+model+for+air+toxics.&rft.au=Overton%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Overton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fish consumption advisories: toward a unified, scientifically credible approach. AN - 80175118; 2259756 AB - A model is proposed for fish consumption advisories based on consensus-derived risk assessment values for common contaminants in fish and the latest risk assessment methods. The model accounts in part for the expected toxicity to mixtures of chemicals, the underlying uncertainties in the health and exposure data, and the amount of contaminated fish consumed. Application of the model to a larger number of chemicals is possible. Noncancer toxicity is used as an example, but this model is applicable for risks from cancer as well. A second related model is proposed that is useful for comparing potential risks among sites (e.g., rivers and lakes). JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Dourson, M L AU - Clark, J M AD - Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 161 EP - 178 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Fishes KW - Food Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Food Contamination -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80175118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Fish+consumption+advisories%3A+toward+a+unified%2C+scientifically+credible+approach.&rft.au=Dourson%2C+M+L%3BClark%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Dourson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-01-31 N1 - Date created - 1991-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of pesticides. 2. Methidathion. AN - 80174322; 2259753 AB - The carcinogen potential of methidathion, a dimethoxyorganic phosphorus pesticide and cholinesterase inhibitor, was evaluated by the Health Effects Division of the Office of Pesticide Programs using a consensus peer review process and the EPA's guidelines for risk assessment. Methidathion was categorized as a Group C (possible human) carcinogen based upon evidence of an increased incidence of benign and malignant hepatocellular tumors, alone and in combination, in a single study involving male Chr-CD-1 mice. The compound was not carcinogenic in female Chr-CD-1 mice in the same study or in Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex in a second study. Methidathion was not genotoxic in a variety of in vitro or in vivo tests designed to detect DNA damage, chromosome aberrations, gene mutations, and sister chromatid exchange. Although methidathion was identified as being structurally similar to two other organophosphate insecticides, prothidathion and lythidathion, no toxicological data were available on either of these agents for comparative purposes. The biological information on methidathion was reviewed by the agency's FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel who agreed with the category C designation for methidathion. The data were not found to be sufficient to quantify human risk to methidathion. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Quest, J A AU - Copley, M P AU - Hamernik, K L AU - Rinde, E AU - Fisher, B AU - Engler, R AU - Burnam, W L AU - Fenner-Crisp, P A AD - Health Effects Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 117 EP - 126 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - methidathion KW - Y2P145U7KK KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Male KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Insecticides -- pharmacokinetics KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80174322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+carcinogenic+potential+of+pesticides.+2.+Methidathion.&rft.au=Quest%2C+J+A%3BCopley%2C+M+P%3BHamernik%2C+K+L%3BRinde%2C+E%3BFisher%2C+B%3BEngler%2C+R%3BBurnam%2C+W+L%3BFenner-Crisp%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Quest&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-01-31 N1 - Date created - 1991-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of methyl benzimidazolecarbamate during early pregnancy in the rat. AN - 80171060; 2258017 AB - Methyl 2-benzimidizolecarbamate (MBC), an agricultural fungicide, and its parent compound benomyl have adverse reproductive effects on male rats and exhibit embryotoxicity, including teratogenicity, when administered to rats during mid to late pregnancy. This study was designed to assess potential maternal effects of MBC during early pregnancy, to distinguish maternal from embryotoxic effects of the chemical, and to differentiate between early pregnancy failure and late embryonic loss. MBC was administered to rats by gavage at 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 1000 mg/kg/day during Days 1 through 8 of pregnancy (Day 0 = sperm positive). A range of maternal and embryonic parameters was assessed following euthanasia on Day 9, including the number of implantation sites, body weight gain, uterine weight, implantation site size, and serum ovarian and pituitary hormones. In a separate experiment, pseudopregnant rats were administered 0 or 400 mg/kg/day MBC during Days 1-8, received bilateral uterine decidual induction on Day 4, and were killed on Day 9 at which time the decidual cell response was evaluated as a measure of uterine competency. When dosages of up to 400 mg/kg/day of MBC were administered during early pregnancy, the chemical had no significant effect on any measured parameter but a trend toward increased resorptions was evident. The 1000 mg/kg/day dosage of MBC produced reductions in body weight gain, implantation site weight, and serum LH and an increase in serum estradiol. When administered during pseudopregnancy, 400 mg/kg/day MBC partially reduced uterine decidual growth but affected no other parameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Cummings, A M AU - Harris, S T AU - Rehnberg, G L AD - Developmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 528 EP - 535 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Benzimidazoles KW - 0 KW - Carbamates KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Hormones KW - Teratogens KW - carbendazim KW - H75J14AA89 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hormones -- blood KW - Decidua -- growth & development KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Decidua -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Benzimidazoles -- administration & dosage KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- drug effects KW - Benzimidazoles -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80171060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+methyl+benzimidazolecarbamate+during+early+pregnancy+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Cummings%2C+A+M%3BHarris%2C+S+T%3BRehnberg%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-01-31 N1 - Date created - 1991-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A physical explanation of the lognormality of pollutant concentrations. AN - 80169080; 2257125 AB - Investigators in different environmental fields have reported that the concentrations of various measured substances have frequency distributions that are lognormal, or nearly so. That is, when the logarithms of the observed concentrations are plotted as a frequency distribution, the resulting distribution is approximately normal, or Gaussian, over much of the observed range. Examples include radionuclides in soil, pollutants in ambient air, indoor air quality, trace metals in streams, metals in biological tissue, calcium in human remains. The ubiquity of the lognormal distribution in environmental processes is surprising and has not been adequately explained, since common processes in nature (for example, computation of the mean and the analysis of error) usually give rise to distributions that are normal rather than lognormal. This paper takes the first step toward explaining why lognormal distributions can arise naturally from certain physical processes that are analogous to those found in the environment. In this paper, these processes are treated mathematically, and the results are illustrated in a laboratory beaker experiment that is simulated on the computer. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Ott, W R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 1378 EP - 1383 VL - 40 IS - 10 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Normal Distribution KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- chemistry KW - Water Pollution -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80169080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=A+physical+explanation+of+the+lognormality+of+pollutant+concentrations.&rft.au=Ott%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Ott&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-01-31 N1 - Date created - 1991-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of acute exposure to boric acid on the male reproductive system of the rat. AN - 80043228; 2213925 AB - Adult male rats were dosed orally on d 0 with 0 or 2000 mg/kg of boric acid and killed on posttreatment d 2, 14, 28, and 57, or dosed with 0, 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg of boric acid and killed on posttreatment d 14. At d 14, atypical structures that appeared to be enlarged irregular cytoplasmic lobes of Step 19 spermatids were observed in Stage VIII seminiferous tubules of rats dosed with 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. Abnormal retention of Step 19 spermatids and residual bodies was also observed in Stage IX-XIII tubules of these rats. The retained spermatids and residual bodies were seen in both the luminal and basal regions of the epithelium. A substantial increase in the testicular sperm head count occurred in animals dosed with 2000 mg/kg. Abnormal caput epididymal sperm morphology and reduced caput epididymal sperm reserves were observed at 1000 mg/kg and higher. Serum LH, FSH, TSH, and prolactin values were not affected at any dosage. At d 28, rats dosed with 2000 mg/kg exhibited continued retention of Step 19 spermatids into Stage X, abnormal caput and cauda sperm morphology, and decreased percentages of motile cauda spermatozoa with reduced straight-line swimming velocities. By d 57 substantial recovery was apparent; some retention of Step 19 spermatids into Stage X tubules was still present in two out of six rats but the sperm parameters were comparable to controls. The study indicated that acute oral exposure to boric acid adversely affected spermiation and sperm quality in the adult male rat. At the dosages used the effects appeared reversible. The no-effect level was 500 mg/kg. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Linder, R E AU - Strader, L F AU - Rehnberg, G L AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 133 EP - 146 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Boric Acids KW - 0 KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Prostate -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Sperm Count -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Seminal Vesicles -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Boric Acids -- toxicity KW - Spermatozoa -- drug effects KW - Testis -- pathology KW - Spermatozoa -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80043228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Effect+of+acute+exposure+to+boric+acid+on+the+male+reproductive+system+of+the+rat.&rft.au=Linder%2C+R+E%3BStrader%2C+L+F%3BRehnberg%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Linder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1990-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Kenya Rift International Seismic Project (KRISP 90); background and seismic refraction experiment AN - 50480848; 1992-019853 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Keller, G R AU - Mooney, W D AU - Braile, L W AU - Prodehl, Claus AU - Mechie, J AU - Khan, M A AU - Maguire, P K H AU - Gaciri, S J AU - Patel, J P AU - Riaroh, D AU - Jacob, B AU - Thybo, Hans AU - Scarascia, S AU - Hirn, A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 1450 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 71 IS - 43 SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - seismology KW - rift zones KW - Great Rift Valley KW - East Africa KW - refraction KW - research KW - Kenya KW - central Kenya KW - Kenya Rift valley KW - KRISP KW - velocity structure KW - Africa KW - crust KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50480848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=The+Kenya+Rift+International+Seismic+Project+%28KRISP+90%29%3B+background+and+seismic+refraction+experiment&rft.au=Keller%2C+G+R%3BMooney%2C+W+D%3BBraile%2C+L+W%3BProdehl%2C+Claus%3BMechie%2C+J%3BKhan%2C+M+A%3BMaguire%2C+P+K+H%3BGaciri%2C+S+J%3BPatel%2C+J+P%3BRiaroh%2C+D%3BJacob%2C+B%3BThybo%2C+Hans%3BScarascia%2C+S%3BHirn%2C+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=1450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 1990 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; central Kenya; crust; East Africa; Great Rift Valley; Kenya; Kenya Rift valley; KRISP; refraction; research; rift zones; seismology; velocity structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary new models of the crustal structure beneath the Kenya Rift from the KRISP 90 seismic refraction profiles AN - 50480228; 1992-019852 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Braile, L W AU - Keller, G R AU - Githui, A AU - Mooney, W D AU - Olsen, K H AU - Harder, S AU - Prodehl, Claus AU - Mechie, J AU - Ritter, J AU - Stellrecht, R AU - Vees, R AU - Gajewski, D J AU - Khan, M A AU - Maguire, P K H AU - Kirk, W AU - Mussett, A E AU - Dindi, E AU - Gaciri, S J AU - Patel, J P AU - Riaroh, D AU - Jacob, B AU - Thybo, Hans AU - Demartin, M AU - Diaz, J AU - Bowman, R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - October 1990 SP - 1450 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 71 IS - 43 SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - seismology KW - rift zones KW - Great Rift Valley KW - East Africa KW - refraction KW - Kenya KW - central Kenya KW - Kenya Rift valley KW - KRISP KW - velocity structure KW - traveltime KW - thickness KW - Africa KW - crust KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50480228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Preliminary+new+models+of+the+crustal+structure+beneath+the+Kenya+Rift+from+the+KRISP+90+seismic+refraction+profiles&rft.au=Braile%2C+L+W%3BKeller%2C+G+R%3BGithui%2C+A%3BMooney%2C+W+D%3BOlsen%2C+K+H%3BHarder%2C+S%3BProdehl%2C+Claus%3BMechie%2C+J%3BRitter%2C+J%3BStellrecht%2C+R%3BVees%2C+R%3BGajewski%2C+D+J%3BKhan%2C+M+A%3BMaguire%2C+P+K+H%3BKirk%2C+W%3BMussett%2C+A+E%3BDindi%2C+E%3BGaciri%2C+S+J%3BPatel%2C+J+P%3BRiaroh%2C+D%3BJacob%2C+B%3BThybo%2C+Hans%3BDemartin%2C+M%3BDiaz%2C+J%3BBowman%2C+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Braile&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=1450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 1990 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1992-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; central Kenya; crust; East Africa; Great Rift Valley; Kenya; Kenya Rift valley; KRISP; refraction; rift zones; seismology; thickness; traveltime; velocity structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Management AN - 19106929; 9103279 AB - An important aspect of water reclamation that engineering and marketing pragmatism may not be able to overcome is the fundamental issue of how to gain public acceptance of reclaimed water and public trust in the way that water supplies are managed. Industry professionals know that reclamation operations can be derived from wastewaters, return flows, process waters, and even contaminated groundwaters. Those in the industry worry about such things as pathogens, nutrients, metals and organics. The general public does not concern itself with such technical details. Simply stated the public perception of reclaimed water is ' toxic substances in drinking water'. There is a need to better understand the public fear of toxic substances. Three fundamental features of this fear phenomenon are considered. The first feature is the significance of the word ' toxins'. Public fear of chemicals is a powerful and compelling presence in California. The second feature of the toxic substances issue is the ' community right-to-know'. This was recently enacted into law by Title 3 of the 1986 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act at the federal level. The new regulations pursuant to Proposition 65 in California require warning notices and disclosures. The third feature of this issue is the reality that toxins are everywhere. The public seems to be demanding a risk-free environment, or at least an environment free of involuntary risks. The approach of environmental risk management has some promise in reconciling these public fears. Risk management is a matter of choices, explicitly made, based upon a full consideration of all the facts and all of the values. Choice is another word for control. By involving people and especially local leaders in the risk assessment/risk management process, we are seeking to mitigate fears and to reestablish some measure of control. When people see how these decisions are made and see that they have some control over them, they know when to be afraid and when to calm down. Control, therefore, fights panic. (See also W91- 03273) (Agostine-PTT) JF - Symposium III, Association of Water Reclamation Agencies, October 13-14, 1988. Water Reclamation: Here, Now...and How. Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., Lancaster, Pennsylvania. 1990. p 41-50. AU - Wise, J C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - Oct 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Reclaimed water Risk assessment Wastewater treatment Water reuse KW - Water treatment Drinking water Legislation Public opinion Toxic KW - wastes Water resources management KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19106929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+Management&rft.au=Wise%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods Development and Implementation for the National Pesticide Survey AN - 19098036; 9103507 AB - In 1984, a joint project between EPA 's Office of Drinking Water and the Office of Pesticide Programs was initiated to conduct a statistically based survey of pesticide contamination of drinking water wells. The National Pesticide Survey had two objectives: to provide statistically valid data that can be extrapolated to represent both rural domestic and community drinking-water wells nationally and to evaluate possible associations between pesticide contamination of drinking water wells and pesticide use and hydrogeological vulnerability. Pesticides selected for study had to meet several criteria: use of at least 1,000,000 pounds in 1982, water solubility greater than 30 mg/L and hydrolysis half-life longer than 25 weeks. By October 1986, a total of 100 pesticides and their degradation products were identified as priority analytes. Steps for research into the analyses of these compounds included methods development research, methods consolidations, research into confirmation techniques, sample preservation studies and ruggedness testing and validation of final methods. A pilot study was conducted in March and April 1987. In April 1988, sampling began for the full survey. Sampling of community water systems was completed in December 1989, and of the domestic systems in February 1990. 600 community systems and 800 domestic wells were sampled. (Mertz-PTT) JF - Environmental Science and Technology ESTHAG, Vol. 24, No. 10, p 1446-1451, October 1990. 1 fig, 7 tab, 1 ref. AU - Engel, T M AU - Maxey, R A AU - Graves, R L AU - Munch, D J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - Oct 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Data acquisition National Pesticide Survey Network design KW - Pesticides Pollutant identification Surveys Baseline studies KW - Domestic water Drinking water Environmental Protection Agency KW - Municipal water Path of pollutants Water sampling Wells KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19098036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Methods+Development+and+Implementation+for+the+National+Pesticide+Survey&rft.au=Engel%2C+T+M%3BMaxey%2C+R+A%3BGraves%2C+R+L%3BMunch%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of Short-Term Tests in Evaluating Health Effects Associated with Drinking Water AN - 19079440; 9103528 AB - Short-term bioassays such as the Ames test are used to assess genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity of specific drinking water contaminants as well as concentrated samples of drinking water. When these tests are applied to complex mixtures such as drinking water, a number of additional factors complicate the interpretation of test results. These tests are based on the premise that DNA is the common target of mutagens and carcinogens regardless of the cell type of animal species. It is hoped that by using these bioassays, chemicals that pose a significant health hazard can be identified and measures to prevent or reduce human exposure can be implemented. Because of the uncertainties regarding the proper interpretation of test results, it is difficult to make firm recommendations on how best to apply these tests for assessing health risks in drinking water. The positive results that have been obtained using in vitro short-term tests for genotoxicity on chlorinated- drinking water concentrates indicate a certain real probability that the water contains human mutagens, carcinogens, or both. This finding in itself does not suggest that an imminent hazard to human health exists, but neither does it seem prudent to ignore this result. Although uncertainties regarding interpretation limit the application of short- term test for risk assessment, short-term tests provide public health officials with a useful tool for obtaining timely and cost-efficient information about potential health risks associated with drinking water. (Mertz-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5, Vol. 82, No. 10, p 48-56, October 1990. 4 tab, 47 ref. AU - Daniel, F B AU - Meier, J R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/10// PY - 1990 DA - Oct 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Ames test Carcinogens Drinking water Mutagens Public health Risk KW - assessment Testing procedures Water treatment Bioassay Chemical KW - analysis Health aspects Water analysis KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19079440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Role+of+Short-Term+Tests+in+Evaluating+Health+Effects+Associated+with+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BMeier%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced damage of striatal dopaminergic fibers attenuates subsequent astrocyte response to MPTP. AN - 80268387; 1981254 AB - Acute administration of the dopaminergic neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to the C57BL/6 mouse caused a rapid decrease in the amount of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, followed by a large increase in the astrocyte protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The astrocyte (GFAP) response declined to baseline three weeks after administration of MPTP. Administration of a second dosage of MPTP at this time evoked a second GFAP response. The magnitude of the second response, however, was decreased in comparison to the response seen after only a single exposure to MPTP. Increasing the initial dosage of MPTP resulted in greater reductions of the second GFAP response. These data indicate that MPTP-induced damage or loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons reduces the signal available for initiating astrogliosis and thereby reduces the astrocyte response to a second exposure to MPTP. JF - Neuroscience letters AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B AU - Reinhard, J F AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/09/04/ PY - 1990 DA - 1990 Sep 04 SP - 228 EP - 233 VL - 117 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3940, 0304-3940 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.16.2 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Reference Values KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Nerve Fibers -- physiology KW - Nerve Fibers -- drug effects KW - MPTP Poisoning KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Dopamine -- physiology KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- pathology KW - Astrocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80268387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+letters&rft.atitle=1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1%2C2%2C3%2C6-tetrahydropyridine+%28MPTP%29-induced+damage+of+striatal+dopaminergic+fibers+attenuates+subsequent+astrocyte+response+to+MPTP.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B%3BReinhard%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-09-04&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+letters&rft.issn=03043940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-04-01 N1 - Date created - 1991-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of volatile organics in drinking water with USEPA method 524.2 and the ion trap detector. AN - 80217290; 2273069 AB - New drinking water regulations require the monitoring of eight volatile organic compounds that have established maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) and 51 other volatile organics for which MCLs are not established. A laboratory analytical method (Method 524.2) for the determination of 58 of these compounds is investigated, and precision and accuracy data are obtained. The method uses a standard inert gas purge extraction, isolation of the volatile organics on a three-stage solid-phase trap, thermal desorption into a gas chromatograph, separation with a fused-silica capillary column, and identification and measurement with a relatively low cost, benchtop ion trap detector that functions as a mass spectrometer. At a concentration of 2 micrograms/L (2 parts per billion), the grand mean measurement accuracy for 54 compounds was 95% of the true value with a mean relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4%. At 0.2 micrograms/L (200 parts per trillion), the grand mean measurement accuracy for 52 compounds was 95% of the true value with a mean RSD of 3%. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Eichelberger, J W AU - Bellar, T A AU - Donnelly, J P AU - Budde, W L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1990/09// PY - 1990 DA - September 1990 SP - 460 EP - 467 VL - 28 IS - 9 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80217290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Determination+of+volatile+organics+in+drinking+water+with+USEPA+method+524.2+and+the+ion+trap+detector.&rft.au=Eichelberger%2C+J+W%3BBellar%2C+T+A%3BDonnelly%2C+J+P%3BBudde%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Eichelberger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=460&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioassay-directed fractionation of 1-nitropyrene metabolites: generation of mutagrams by coupling reverse-phase HPLC with microsuspension mutagenicity assays. AN - 80187391; 2263205 AB - We have performed bioassay-directed fractionation of a model complex mixture (rabbit lung S9-generated metabolites of 14C-radiolabeled 1-nitropyrene) by assaying reverse-phase HPLC fractions using two microsuspension mutagenicity assays. A forward-mutation assay measuring mutation at the gpt locus (8-azaguanine resistance) in Salmonella typhimurium TM677 was performed in a total volume of 100 microliters, and a reverse-mutation assay measuring mutation at the hisD3052 allele in S. typhimurium TA98 was performed in a total volume of 200 microliters. HPLC fractions were collected every 30 s for 45 min, resulting in 90 fractions per run. The HPLC chromatogram (absorbance at 280 nm) and the 14C profile were compared to the mutagenicity profiles (mutagrams) and to the mutagenic potencies of pure metabolites studied separately. The results indicate that a fine dissection of the mutagenic fractions can be obtained by coupling HPLC to microsuspension mutagenicity assays. Differences observed between the mutagrams generated by the two bacterial strains were most likely due to metabolic (nitroreductase) differences between the two strains. This method should be generally applicable to the bioassay-directed chemical analysis of complex mixtures. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Lewtas, J AU - King, L C AU - Williams, K AU - Ball, L M AU - DeMarini, D M AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/09// PY - 1990 DA - September 1990 SP - 481 EP - 489 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Pyrenes KW - 0 KW - 1-nitropyrene KW - TD1665I8Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biological Assay KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Rabbits KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80187391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Bioassay-directed+fractionation+of+1-nitropyrene+metabolites%3A+generation+of+mutagrams+by+coupling+reverse-phase+HPLC+with+microsuspension+mutagenicity+assays.&rft.au=Lewtas%2C+J%3BKing%2C+L+C%3BWilliams%2C+K%3BBall%2C+L+M%3BDeMarini%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Lewtas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-01 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reflex modification and the detection of toxicant-induced auditory dysfunction. AN - 80142457; 2247033 AB - There are numerous environmental chemicals that adversely impact sensory functioning in exposed populations. Test methods are needed that can rapidly and efficiently assess the potential of chemicals to induce sensory toxicity. Reflex modification of the startle response is a technique that provides rapid, objective and quantitative assessments of sensorimotor function. This procedure has been shown to be sensitive to a variety of neurotoxic compounds. Reflex modification can also provide independent estimates of chemical-induced alterations in both sensory and motor function. Future efforts should focus on expanding the use of this procedure in both the identification and characterization of neurotoxic chemicals. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Crofton, K M AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1990 SP - 461 EP - 468 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Conditioning, Operant -- physiology KW - Auditory Threshold -- drug effects KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Reflex, Acoustic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80142457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Reflex+modification+and+the+detection+of+toxicant-induced+auditory+dysfunction.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-01-09 N1 - Date created - 1991-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chlorine dioxide on the developing rat brain. AN - 80044781; 2213920 AB - Male and female Long-Evans rat pups, exposed to an oral dose of 14 mg chlorine dioxide (CIO2)/kg/d (postnatal d 1-20), were examined for effects on brain development and for changes in thyroid activity. Body weight reductions were observed on postnatal (pn) d 11, 21, and 35. Forebrain weight and protein content were decreased on pnd 21 and 35, as were the DNA content on d 35 and the number of dendritic spines on cerebral cortical pyramidal cells, a marker for synapse formation. Otherwise, cell proliferation in the forebrain, cerebellum, and olfactory bulbs was normal, as were migration and aggregation of neuronal cells in three areas of the cerebral cortex. Histopathology of the forebrain, cerebellum, and brainstem showed no gross lesions, loss of myelin, or change in the cells staining positive for Nissl substance. Serum T3 and T4 levels, as well as hepatic mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity, were unchanged by CIO2 treatment. The results indicated that CIO2 may have central neurotoxic potential. No underlying antithyroid activity was evident. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Toth, G P AU - Long, R E AU - Mills, T S AU - Smith, M K AD - Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1990/09// PY - 1990 DA - September 1990 SP - 29 EP - 44 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Chlorine Compounds KW - 0 KW - Disinfectants KW - Oxides KW - Proteins KW - Thyroid Hormones KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Propylthiouracil KW - 721M9407IY KW - chlorine dioxide KW - 8061YMS4RM KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Olfactory Bulb -- pathology KW - Animals KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Olfactory Bulb -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- pathology KW - Thyroid Hormones -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Brain Stem -- drug effects KW - Brain Stem -- growth & development KW - Propylthiouracil -- toxicity KW - Cerebellum -- growth & development KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Brain Stem -- pathology KW - Animals, Newborn -- growth & development KW - Olfactory Bulb -- growth & development KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chlorine -- toxicity KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Cerebral Cortex -- pathology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Cerebral Cortex -- growth & development KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Oxides -- toxicity KW - Disinfectants -- toxicity KW - Brain -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80044781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chlorine+dioxide+on+the+developing+rat+brain.&rft.au=Toth%2C+G+P%3BLong%2C+R+E%3BMills%2C+T+S%3BSmith%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Toth&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-10-31 N1 - Date created - 1990-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC Working Paper 1/2. A multi-factor ranking scheme for comparing the carcinogenic activity of chemicals. AN - 79941003; 2385240 AB - A scheme for ranking the quantitative activity of chemical carcinogens is described. This activity scheme uses as its base, dose potency measured as TD50, the chronic dose rate that actuarially halves the adjusted percentage of tumor-free animals at the end of the study (Gold et al., Environ. Health Perspect., 67, 161-200, 1986). The TD50 is converted into an inverse log scale, a decile scale, and then adjusted by weighting factors that describe other parameters of carcinogenic activity. These factors include positive or negative weightings for: the induction of tumors at tissues or organs associated with high historical control tumor incidences; the induction of tumors at multiple sites; the induction of tumors in both sexes of the species; and the induction of tumors in more than one species. These factors were chosen as they represented qualitative descriptions of the general specificity or non-specificity of chemicals with regard to the activity in rodents and have some bearing on the potential activity of chemicals in humans. In order to construct a measure to express the inactivity of chemicals towards the induction of cancer, a measure analogous to the TD50 has been developed: the highest average daily dose or HADD. The HADD is the highest average daily dose in mg chemical/kg body weight administered in a chronic cancer study and that did not induce a statistical increase in tumors. HADD values were similarly converted to log decile units and adjusted by weighting factors according to lack of activity in both sexes of a species, and the lack of activity in more than one species. In order to explore the use of this multi-factor activity scheme for both carcinogens and non-carcinogens, a group of 142 chemicals was selected that had been tested according to an oral dosing protocol in two sexes of two species of rodents and whose data was peer-reviewed and available for this analysis. This data came from the National Toxicology Program/National Cancer Institute Bioassay Technical Reports. Three activity ranking schemes were developed: the Carcinogen Activity-F344 Rat, an activity scheme based on cancer data obtained with the F344 rat; the Carcinogen Activity-B6C3F1 Mouse, an activity scheme based on cancer data obtained with the B6C3F1 mouse, and the Carcinogen Activity-Combined, an activity scheme based on selecting data from both the F344 rat and the B6C3F1 mouse. This selection was based on the most sensitive rodent responding to the carcinogenic activity of active chemicals and the least sensitive rodent responding to the toxic effects of inactive chemicals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Mutation research AU - Nesnow, S AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/09// PY - 1990 DA - September 1990 SP - 83 EP - 115 VL - 239 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79941003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=International+Commission+for+Protection+Against+Environmental+Mutagens+and+Carcinogens.+ICPEMC+Working+Paper+1%2F2.+A+multi-factor+ranking+scheme+for+comparing+the+carcinogenic+activity+of+chemicals.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft.volume=239&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-09-18 N1 - Date created - 1990-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Influence of Season on the Classification and Ordination of Profundal Communities of Nutrient Poor, Oligo-Mesohumic Swedish Lakes Using Environmental Data AN - 19131893; 9108561 AB - Anthropogenic acidification of freshwater ecosystems is a serious environmental problem, particularly in northwestern Europe and eastern North America. In 1988, Sweden initiated a project to follow the effects of airborne pollutants on the biology and chemistry of poorly buffered temperate lakes. The biology and chemistry of 28 lakes from deciduous forests of southern Sweden to alpine regions of the north were sampled in 1988. Zoomacrobenthos of profundal habitats was sampled from April to October, 1988. Water samples, collected using a Ruttner sampler at the sediment-water interface, were analyzed for temperature, pH, residual phosphorus, and potassium permanganate consumption. Natural logarithmic transformations were applied to lake surface area, maximum depth, residual phosphorus, potassium permanganate consumption, and phytoplankton biovolume. Canonical correspondence analysis of lakes and profundal zoomacrobenthos with seven environmental factors showed pH, depth, temperature, and potassium permanganate consumption as being the foremost variables influencing the first two axes in the ordination, and thus strong factors delineating lake types. TWINSPAN analysis of the spring data set resulted in four groups. The classification and ordination of profundal macroinvertebrates by season showed that late summer sampling gave the poorest measurement of lake type, when compared with seven environmental factors. The profundal zoomacroinvertebrate communities provided adequate measures of lake type when compared with environmental factors. Lake acidification and the pH gradient of these data sets appears to have lowered the predictive power of zoobenthos communities in lake classification. (Brunone-PTT) JF - Internationale Vereinigung fuer Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie. Verhandlungen IVTLAP, Vol. 24, No. 1, p 646-652, September 1990. 2 fig, 1 tab, 20 ref. AU - Johnson, R K AU - Wiederholm, T AU - Eriksson, L AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Impact Assessment Department, Freshwater Section, Box 7050, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden Y1 - 1990/09// PY - 1990 DA - Sep 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Acid rain effects KW - Acidification KW - Air pollution KW - Environmental effects KW - Lake acidification KW - Limnology KW - Nutrient concentrations KW - Oligotrophic lakes KW - Path of pollutants KW - Seasonal variation KW - Species composition KW - Sweden KW - Aquatic animals KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - Lake morphology KW - Ordination analysis KW - Phosphorus KW - Phytoplankton KW - Sediment-water interfaces KW - Statistical analysis KW - Water temperature KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19131893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Influence+of+Season+on+the+Classification+and+Ordination+of+Profundal+Communities+of+Nutrient+Poor%2C+Oligo-Mesohumic+Swedish+Lakes+Using+Environmental+Data&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+K%3BWiederholm%2C+T%3BEriksson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Overview of Separation Technologies Demonstrated by the EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program AN - 19116907; 9106437 AB - Two hazardous waste cleanup technologies were demonstrated under the EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program. The Terra Vac's in-situ vacuum extraction removes and vents volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the unsaturated zone of soils. An extraction well is installed in the contaminated soil area and connected by piping to a vapor/liquid separator device. A vacuum pump draws the subsurface contaminants through the well, separator device, and activated carbon system before the airstream is discharged to the atmosphere. Subsurface vacuum and soil vapor levels are monitored by vadose zone monitoring wells. After an 8-week demonstration of the Terra Vac system, 1 ,300 lb of VOCs were extracted, a steady decline in the VOC recovery rate with time was noted, and reduced soil VOC concentration was demonstrated. The process can also remove VOCs from clay strata. The CF Systems (organic extraction utilizing solivents) utilize liquified gases as the extracting solvents to remove organics, such as hydrocarbons, oil, and grease from wastewaters or contaminated sludges or soils. The system was demonstrated on polychlorinate biphenyls (PCB)-contaminated sediments from the New Bedford, Massachusetts , harbor. A trailer-mounted organic extraction system for nonaqueous materials used a propane/butane mixture as the extraction solvent. Contaminated harbor sediments were fed into the top of the extractor. Condensed solvent flows upward through the extractor, making nonreactive contact with the waste. PCB removal efficiencies of 90% were achieved for sediments containing PCBs ranging from 350 to 2,575 ppm. A high removal efficiency was achieved after several passes of treated sediments through the unit. Extraction efficiencies >60% were achieved on the first pass of each test. Later passes of treated sediments through the unit resulted in efficiencies that ranged from zero to 84%. Metals were not removed from the sediments. (See also W91-06421) (Geiger-PTT) JF - IN: Solid/Liquid Separation: Waste Management and Productivity Enhancement. Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio. 1990. p 239-242. 2 fig. AU - James, S C AD - Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990/09// PY - 1990 DA - Sep 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Activated carbon KW - Cleanup operations KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Separation techniques KW - Waste treatment KW - Wastewater treatment KW - In situ treatment KW - Marine sediments KW - Organic carbon KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Soil contamination KW - Solvents KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19116907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=An+Overview+of+Separation+Technologies+Demonstrated+by+the+EPA%27s+Superfund+Innovative+Technology+Evaluation+%28SITE%29+Program&rft.au=James%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Broad-Range Methods for Determination of Pollutants in Wastewater AN - 19104429; 9101914 AB - The EPA is required by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA), and amendments thereto, to control or eliminate discharges of pollutants into waterways in the US, its territories and possessions. In controlling these discharges, the EPA 's Industrial Technology Division (ITD) within the EPA 's Office of Water Regulations and Standards (OWRS) has been given the responsibility of establishing effluent limits for any substance that may have an adverse effect on human health or the environment. The ITD determines the concentrations of pollutants at industrial plants in order to assess the performance of various water and waste treatment technologies. To determine the concentration of pollutants, ITD uses broad range analytical methods so that the largest number of pollutants can be measured at the lowest cost. At the same time, ITD must produce the most precise and accurate data possible so that the regulations most closely reflect the true value of the pollutants in wastewater. This paper gives technical details of Method nos.: 1620, which surveys 69 elements using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAA), and cold vapor atomic absorption (CVAA); 1613, which measures the tetra-, through octa-, chlorinated dibenzo-p- dioxins (CDDs) and chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDFs) using high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS); Method 1618, which measures herbicides, PCBs, and organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides using GC; and Method 1624, which determines purgeable organic compounds by calibrated isotope dilution or internal standard GC/MS. (Lantz-PTT) JF - Journal of Chromatographic Science JCHSBZ, Vol. 28, No. 9, p 453-459, September 1990. 10 tab, 7 ref. AU - Tellard, WA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/09// PY - 1990 DA - Sep 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chemical analysis Laboratory methods Organic compounds Pollutant KW - identification Wastewater analysis Water analysis Atomic KW - absorption spectrometry Chlorinated hydrocarbons Dioxins Gas KW - chromatography Mass spectrometry Metals KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19104429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Broad-Range+Methods+for+Determination+of+Pollutants+in+Wastewater&rft.au=Tellard%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Tellard&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing Defined-Substrate Technology for Meeting Monitoring Requirements of the Total Coliform Rule AN - 19102206; 9102420 AB - The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for drinking water analyses for approximately 2,200 public water utilities serving more than half the state 's population. The recently developed defined- substrate technology (commercially known as Colilert), which simultaneously enumerates both total coliforms and Escherichia coli and does not require confirmatory tests, was compared in this geographic area with the membrane filter procedure from Standard Methods. Overall, there were no differences between membrane filter and defined-substrate technology. Subcultures of positive defined-substrate technology tubes demonstrated this technology 's specificity. Yellow (total coliform- positive) tubes yielded species consistent with total coliforms, and fluorescent (E. coli-positive) tubes contained E. coli. The defined- substrate system was easy to use and is compatible with new drinking water regulations that will increase monitoring and resampling requirements, mandate a fecal indicator (either an E. coli or fecal coliform analysis), and use a maximum contaminant level in the frequency- of-occurrence mode. Defined-substrate technology also has several important advantages for state regulators, including its ability to help utilities comply with new transportation and storage requirements. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5, Vol. 82, No. 9, p 83-87, September 1990. 2 tab, 23 ref. AU - Katamay, M M AD - Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/09// PY - 1990 DA - Sep 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Analytical techniques Coliforms Pollutant identification Water KW - quality management Water quality standards Water treatment KW - Bacteria Defined-substrate technology Drinking water standards KW - Illinois Membrane filter procedure Water analysis Water law KW - Water sampling KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19102206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessing+Defined-Substrate+Technology+for+Meeting+Monitoring+Requirements+of+the+Total+Coliform+Rule&rft.au=Katamay%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Katamay&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: An Emerging Technology for Nonvolatile Compounds AN - 19081980; 9102417 AB - Most currently regulated organic compounds found in drinking water are amenable to separation and measurement by gas chromatography. A new generation of compounds being proposed for regulation includes some that are not amenable to separation and measurement with this technique. The emerging analytical technology of liquid chromatography-mass spectometry is considered a likely candidate for the separation and measurement of nonvolatile compounds in drinking water. High-pressure liquid chromatography-particle-beam-mass spectrometry shows promise as broad- spectrum analytical technique applicable to the determination of a variety of nonvolatile compounds in drinking water and other environmental samples. The combination of precise retention times, electron ionization mass spectra, and isotope distribution patterns from compounds containing naturally occurring isotopes gives excellent information for the unequivocal identification of target and unexpected analytes. The precision, calibration, and instrument detection limits obtained with high pressure liquid chromatography-particle-beam-mass spectrometry are encouraging and suggest that it will be possible to develop a broad-spectrum analytical method. Particle-beam liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology is relatively new, and substantial improvements in systems and performance are expected during the early 1990s. (Mertz-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5, Vol. 82, No. 9, p 60-65, September 1990. 10 fig, 1 tab, 18 ref. AU - Ho, J S AU - Bellar, T A AU - Behymer, T D AU - Budde, W L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/09// PY - 1990 DA - Sep 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Analytical techniques Chemical analysis High performance liquid KW - chromatography Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Organic KW - compounds Pollutant identification Water analysis Detection KW - limits Drinking water Particle beam Regulations Separation KW - techniques KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19081980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Liquid+Chromatography-Mass+Spectrometry%3A+An+Emerging+Technology+for+Nonvolatile+Compounds&rft.au=Ho%2C+J+S%3BBellar%2C+T+A%3BBehymer%2C+T+D%3BBudde%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation and persistence of novel benzo(a)pyrene adducts in rat lung, liver, and peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA. AN - 79912017; 2199033 AB - Male CD rats were injected with single i.p. doses of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), livers, and lungs were removed at various times after administration. DNA adducts were analyzed in each tissue by 32P postlabeling with nuclease P1 enhancement. Sister chromatid exchange frequencies were concomitantly measured in cultured whole blood. B(a)P-DNA adducts were observed in all three tissues from animals sacrificed between 1 and 56 days after injection. Maximal adduction levels occurred at about 4 days after administration, followed by a gradual loss of adducts over the period examined. The apparent half-lives of total DNA adducts were 15 days in liver, 17 days in PBLs, and 22 days in lung. Induced sister chromatid exchanges were linearly related to the amount of DNA adducts remaining in the PBLs at the time of harvest up to 56 days and were significantly elevated above concurrent controls up to 14 days. One of the major adducts found in each tissue was N2-(10 beta-[7 beta,8 alpha,9 alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a) pyrene]yl)deoxyguanosine. An additional novel major adduct was found in the liver DNA and is derived from the further metabolism of B(a)P-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol. A second major novel B(a)P adduct was found in the DNA of lung tissues and accounts for about 40% of the total adducts present. Experimental evidence suggests that this adduct is derived from a metabolic pathway that includes the formation of 9-hydroxy-B(a)P. JF - Cancer research AU - Ross, J AU - Nelson, G AU - Kligerman, A AU - Erexson, G AU - Bryant, M AU - Earley, K AU - Gupta, R AU - Nesnow, S AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/08/15/ PY - 1990 DA - 1990 Aug 15 SP - 5088 EP - 5094 VL - 50 IS - 16 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Chromatography, Paper KW - Animals KW - Kinetics KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Radioisotope Dilution Technique KW - Male KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - DNA -- blood KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79912017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Formation+and+persistence+of+novel+benzo%28a%29pyrene+adducts+in+rat+lung%2C+liver%2C+and+peripheral+blood+lymphocyte+DNA.&rft.au=Ross%2C+J%3BNelson%2C+G%3BKligerman%2C+A%3BErexson%2C+G%3BBryant%2C+M%3BEarley%2C+K%3BGupta%2C+R%3BNesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-08-15&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=5088&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-09-12 N1 - Date created - 1990-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is 1,4-dioxane a genotoxic carcinogen? AN - 79985183; 2397485 AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0, 168, 840, 2550 or 4200 mg/kg of 1,4-dioxane 21 and 4 h before sacrifice. Hepatic DNA damage (by the alkaline elution technique), ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC), reduced glutathione content, cytochrome P-450 content and serum alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT) were determined. Treatment with 1,4-dioxane increased hepatic DNA damage and cytochrome P-450 content at doses of 2550 and 4200 mg/kg. Large increases in the activity of hepatic ODC were observed at 840, 2550 and 4200 mg/kg of 1,4-dioxane. Thus the data suggest that 1,4-dioxane is a weak genotoxic carcinogen in addition to being a strong promoter of carcinogenesis (a non-genotoxic carcinogen). JF - Cancer letters AU - Kitchin, K T AU - Brown, J L AD - Environmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/08// PY - 1990 DA - August 1990 SP - 67 EP - 71 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Dioxanes KW - Dioxins KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 1,4-dioxane KW - J8A3S10O7S KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Genes -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Dioxanes -- toxicity KW - DNA Damage KW - Dioxins -- toxicity KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79985183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Is+1%2C4-dioxane+a+genotoxic+carcinogen%3F&rft.au=Kitchin%2C+K+T%3BBrown%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Kitchin&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1990-08-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-10-17 N1 - Date created - 1990-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trimethyltin effects on auditory function and cochlear morphology. AN - 79965016; 2392800 AB - Trimethyltin (TMT) is a neurotoxicant known to alter auditory function. The present study was designed to compare TMT-induced auditory dysfunction using behavioral, electrophysiological, and anatomical techniques. Adult male Long-Evans hooded rats (n = 9-12/group) were acutely exposed to saline, 3, 5, or 7 mg/kg TMT. Auditory thresholds were determined 11 weeks postdosing for 5- and 40-kHz tones using reflex modification of the auditory startle response (ASR). Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) thresholds were determined for 5-, 40-, and 80-kHz tonal stimuli 9 weeks postdosing. Cochlear histology was assessed at 13 weeks postdosing. Functional endpoints demonstrated a high-frequency hearing loss. ASR thresholds for 40-kHz tones were elevated 25-35 dB in all dosage groups. BAER thresholds for 40- and 80-kHz tones were elevated 30-50 dB in the 5 and 7 mg/kg groups. Organ of Corti surface preparations revealed a pattern of damage suggesting classical ototoxicity. That is, outer hair cells died preferentially in regions associated with high-frequency hearing, in a dosage-dependent manner from base to apex. These data demonstrate the utility of the ASR and BAER in detecting functional alterations in audition and indicate that TMT-induced high-frequency hearing loss is associated with cochlear damage. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Crofton, K M AU - Dean, K F AU - Ménache, M G AU - Janssen, R AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/08// PY - 1990 DA - August 1990 SP - 123 EP - 132 VL - 105 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - 0 KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - trimethyltin hydroxide KW - 56-24-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Evoked Potentials, Auditory -- drug effects KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Auditory Threshold -- drug effects KW - Hair Cells, Auditory -- drug effects KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79965016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Trimethyltin+effects+on+auditory+function+and+cochlear+morphology.&rft.au=Crofton%2C+K+M%3BDean%2C+K+F%3BM%C3%A9nache%2C+M+G%3BJanssen%2C+R&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1990-08-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1990-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How toxic is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin to humans? AN - 79951151; 2201785 AB - The tissue levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) measured in different species are reviewed. Based on the correlation of tissue levels and a toxic response in different species, humans are less or no more susceptible to the toxic effects of TCDD than most of the laboratory animals that have been studied. Thus, the present exposure of the general population to environmental levels of TCDD are related compounds should not be of concern. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Kimbrough, R D AD - Office of the Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1990/08// PY - 1990 DA - August 1990 SP - 261 EP - 271 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Body Burden KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Species Specificity KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Dioxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79951151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=How+toxic+is+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin+to+humans%3F&rft.au=Kimbrough%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Kimbrough&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1990-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The federal environmental health workforce in the United States. AN - 79865940; 2368849 AB - This paper summarizes existing data on the size and composition of the federal environmental health workforce, delineates the major categories of activities carried out by its members, identifies current and emerging issues that are likely to affect workforce activities, and makes qualitative inferences about future trends and directions. Findings suggest that there is a current and future need for more and better qualified professionals in the federal environmental health workforce. JF - American journal of public health AU - Sexton, K AU - Perlin, S A AD - Office of Health Research, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1990/08// PY - 1990 DA - August 1990 SP - 913 EP - 920 VL - 80 IS - 8 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency -- organization & administration KW - United States Dept. of Health and Human Services -- organization & administration KW - Government Agencies -- organization & administration KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Environmental Health KW - Health Manpower -- statistics & numerical data KW - Public Health Administration -- manpower UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79865940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=The+federal+environmental+health+workforce+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Sexton%2C+K%3BPerlin%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Sexton&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1990-08-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1990-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nature. 1987 Dec 10-16;330(6148):531-2 [3683571] Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):9-17 [6857273] Comment In: Am J Public Health. 1990 Aug;80(8):904-5 [2368845] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring and Modeling Variations in Distribution System Water Quality AN - 19125899; 9101751 AB - The effects of hydraulic mixing on water quality variations in a distribution system were examined. The study, which was conducted at the North Penn Water Authority, Lansdale, Pennsylvania, (average production of 5 mgd and 225 mi of distribution pipe), incorporated a field sampling program that utilized customized automated samplers designed to prevent loss of volatile constituents. As a complement to the field sampling program, computer models that would predict water quality variations in distribution systems were examined and developed. A clear need was shown for obtaining more representative monitoring results than are normally acquired from distribution system sampling. It is concluded that steady- state predictive modeling of water quality can provide insight into overall water quality variations and patterns within a distribution system. Interpretation of predictive modeling results must be made in light of an appreciation of system hydraulics, in particular an understanding of the flow patterns and directions that create the gradients of concentration. (Agostine-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5, Vol. 82, No. 8, p 46-53, August 1990. 6 fig, 36 ref. AU - Coyle, JA AU - Clark, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/08// PY - 1990 DA - Aug 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Model studies Water distribution Water quality management Water KW - sampling Water treatment Flow pattern Hydraulics Monitoring KW - Pennsylvania KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19125899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Measuring+and+Modeling+Variations+in+Distribution+System+Water+Quality&rft.au=Coyle%2C+JA%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Coyle&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1990-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Equilibrium Partitioning and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Infaunal Organisms AN - 19105495; 9101267 AB - The utility and limits of applicability of a simple equilibrium partitioning model for predicting the maximum concentration of neutral organic compounds which can be accumulated by infaunal organisms exposed to a contaminated sediment were examined. Accumulation factors (AFs) for PCBs, the lipid normalized PCB concentration in organisms divided by the organic carbon normalized PCB concentration in sediments, were measured for PCBs in infaunal mollusks and polychaetes at field sites with a range of sediment Aroclor (A-1254) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations. The average AFs for A-1254 were found to be higher (average = 4.94; range 3.76 to 7.27) at sites with lower contaminant concentrations (15.0 to 48.3 ng A-1254/g dry sediment) than at more contaminated sites (328-9200 ng/g), where AFs were lower (average = 2.62; range 1.14 to 5.04). AF data grouped on the basis of sediment A-1254 and TOC concentration differed statistically between, but not within each group. Significant differences in mean AFs were found between some species and were lower than that found for bioaccumulation factors on a wet weight basis, indicating the utility of lipid and organic carbon normalization. (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ETOCDK, Vol. 9, No. 8, p 1095-1106, August 1990. 2 fig, 9 tab, 24 ref. AU - Heltshe, J AU - Lake, CA AU - Lee, H AU - Rubinstein, NI AU - Lake, J L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/08// PY - 1990 DA - Aug 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aroclors Bioaccumulation Mollusks Path of pollutants Polychaetes KW - Sediment contamination Toxicology Equilibrium Mathematical KW - models Model studies Organic carbon Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Population exposure Sediment analysis Tissue analysis KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19105495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Equilibrium+Partitioning+and+Bioaccumulation+of+Sediment-Associated+Contaminants+by+Infaunal+Organisms&rft.au=Heltshe%2C+J%3BLake%2C+CA%3BLee%2C+H%3BRubinstein%2C+NI%3BLake%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Heltshe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban Storm-Induced Discharge Impacts AN - 19104169; 9100803 AB - Toxic heavy metals, organic pollutants, fecal coliform bacteria and pathogens, high flow rates, and sediment are commonly associated with urban receiving-water problems. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 's (EPA) Storm and Combined Sewer Research Program has sponsored several long-term research projects that are concerned with urban receiving-water problems. Preliminary toxicity results have found that runoff samples vary widely in their relative toxicities. Urban storm runoff occurs for relatively short periods of time; therefore, toxicant concentration standards developed for continuous exposures are not directly applicable for these short term discharges. Monitored mass loadings show that great quantities of these toxic compounds are being discharged in urban storm runoff. Additional long-term receiving-water studies have found that aquatic organism surveys indicate significant toxicity problems. The effects of storm-induced discharges on aquatic, receiving-water organisms and other beneficial water uses is site-specific. Attempts to identify urban storm runoff problems using available data have not been conclusive because of sampling procedures and the practice of pooling data from various sites. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully design comprehensive, long-term studies to investigate urban storm runoff problems on a site-specific basis. (Korn-PTT) JF - Water Environment & Technology WAETEJ, Vol. 2, No. 8, p 64-67, August 1990. 7 ref. AU - Pitt, R AU - Field, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/08// PY - 1990 DA - Aug 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of pollutants Storm runoff Urban runoff Water pollution KW - sources Aquatic organisms Biochemical oxygen demand Dissolved KW - oxygen Heavy metals Sediment contamination Sediments Storm KW - sewers Surface water Toxicity KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19104169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Urban+Storm-Induced+Discharge+Impacts&rft.au=Pitt%2C+R%3BField%2C+R&rft.aulast=Pitt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental specimen banking. A complement to environmental monitoring. AN - 80251226; 1704734 AB - The risk of environmental damage from the countless chemicals and chemical combinations is estimated by monitoring the air, water, soil, and biota and comparing the findings to known risks. Environmental monitoring involves the collection and chemical analysis of selected samples to determine pollutant trends, forecast damage to the environment, and develop control strategies. However, past experience has taught us that there is always a level of uncertainty associated with the chemical analysis of complex environmental samples. This uncertainty arises from insufficient analytical sensitivity to detect trace levels of damaging pollutants, unsuspected analytical inaccuracies associated with unknown interferences, and limited resolution to identify and quantify all pollutants of interest. Environmental specimen banking can serve as a complement to environmental monitoring by allowing future chemists to analyze preserved samples retrospectively with emerging analytical methodologies. In other words, specimen banking will give later environmentalists the opportunity to characterize chemicals whose hazards were not recognized or for which sufficiently accurate analytical methods were not available. This will enable us to determine whether a newly recognized pollutant is truly a new environmental threat or whether it has always been with us. Although environmental specimen banking is still in its infancy, we now have many experiences that clearly demonstrate that valuable information can be produced. In all environmental monitoring programs, some consideration should be given to preserving selected samples. Ideally, specimen banking will involve; (1) a stable funding commitment, (2) a cryogenic storage facility, (3) development of selection criteria to collect the most valuable environmental specimens, and (4) a continuing research program to develop optimal procedures for collecting, handling, and preserving specimens. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Lee, R E AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1990 SP - 321 EP - 327 VL - 26-27 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Chlordecone KW - RG5XJ88UDF KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dioxins -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Cryopreservation KW - Chlordecone -- analysis KW - Animals, Wild KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80251226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Environmental+specimen+banking.+A+complement+to+environmental+monitoring.&rft.au=Lee%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-07-01&rft.volume=26-27&rft.issue=&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-28 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rules for distinguishing toxicants that cause type I and type II narcosis syndromes. AN - 80203026; 2269227 AB - Narcosis is a nonspecific reversible state of arrested activity of protoplasmic structures caused by a wide variety of organic chemicals. The vast majority of industrial organic chemicals can be characterized by a baseline structure-toxicity relationship as developed for diverse aquatic organisms, using only the n-octanol/water partition coefficient as a descriptor. There are, however, many apparent narcotic chemicals that are more toxic than baseline narcosis predicts. Some of these chemicals have been distinguished as polar narcotics. Joint toxic theory and isobole diagrams were used to show that chemicals strictly additive with phenol were generally more toxic than predicted by narcosis I models and characterized by a different mode of action called narcosis II syndrome. This type of toxicity is exemplified by certain amides, amines, phenols, and nitrogen heterocycles. Evidence is provided that suggests that narcosis II syndrome may result from the presence of a strong hydrogen bonding group on the molecule, and narcosis I syndrome results from hydrophobic bonding of the chemical to enzymes and/or membranes. This shift in toxic action is apparently indistinguishable for narcotic chemicals with log P greater than about 2.7. General rules for selecting the appropriate models are proposed. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Veith, G D AU - Broderius, S J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, MN 55804. Y1 - 1990/07// PY - 1990 DA - July 1990 SP - 207 EP - 211 VL - 87 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Esters KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Phenols KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fish Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Hydrogen Bonding -- drug effects KW - Solubility KW - Cell Membrane -- drug effects KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- pharmacology KW - Cyprinidae KW - Esters -- toxicity KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- classification KW - Drug Synergism KW - Unconsciousness -- chemically induced KW - Hazardous Substances -- classification KW - Hazardous Substances -- pharmacology KW - Sleep Stages -- drug effects KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80203026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Rules+for+distinguishing+toxicants+that+cause+type+I+and+type+II+narcosis+syndromes.&rft.au=Veith%2C+G+D%3BBroderius%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Veith&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1990-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-02-21 N1 - Date created - 1991-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicology. 1981;19(3):209-21 [7233445] Nature. 1984 Aug 16-22;310(5978):599-601 [6462249] Drug Metab Rev. 1984-1985;15(7):1295-303 [6534729] Arzneimittelforschung. 1953 Jun;3(6):285-90 [13081480] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jul;87:199-205 [2269226] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jul;87:219-25 [2269228] Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Apr;71:171-86 [3297660] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Widespread apathy and the public's reaction to information concerning the health effects of indoor air radon concentrations. AN - 80155003; 2253056 JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Cothern, C R AD - Science Advisory Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1990/07// PY - 1990 DA - July 1990 SP - 315 EP - 322 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Educational Status KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Information Services KW - Attitude to Health KW - Radon -- adverse effects KW - Public Opinion KW - Air Pollution, Radioactive -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80155003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Widespread+apathy+and+the+public%27s+reaction+to+information+concerning+the+health+effects+of+indoor+air+radon+concentrations.&rft.au=Cothern%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Cothern&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-01-24 N1 - Date created - 1991-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurotoxicology in the 1990s. AN - 79966599; 1975425 AB - During the last ten years, neurotoxicology has entered the mainstream of environmental toxicology as evidenced by numerous national and international conferences, formation of societies related to neurotoxicology, establishment and support of journals devoted to neurotoxicology and reliance of regulatory agencies on neurotoxicological endpoints. Over the last ten years, agreement seems to have been reached concerning the need for and use of neurotoxicological tests for hazard identification. With regard to the future of neurotoxicology, there are a number of important issues that deserve attention, including 1) arriving at a commonly accepted definition of neurotoxicology, 2) the impact of new technology, 3) development of biological markers for neurotoxicology, 4) neurotoxicology of chemical mixtures, 5) relationship between environmental agents and neurodegenerative diseases, 6) use of in vitro procedures in neurotoxicology, 7) risk assessment and 8) development of database for specific neurotoxicants. The last ten years have been productive ones for neurotoxicology. The next ten years should mark a new phase of development marked by significant progress in a number of important areas in environmental toxicology. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Tilson, H A AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1990 SP - 293 EP - 300 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - History, 20th Century KW - Nervous System Diseases -- etiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Congresses as Topic -- history KW - Technology KW - Neurology -- history KW - Neurology -- trends KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Toxicology -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79966599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Neurotoxicology+in+the+1990s.&rft.au=Tilson%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Tilson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1990-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1990-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The neurotoxicity of subchronic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition in rat hippocampus. AN - 79942217; 2385836 AB - The neurotoxic effects of long-term, low-level exposure to the commercially available insecticide, Fenthion, were examined in the present study. Young (2 month) adult, male Long-Evans rats were dermally exposed to Fenthion (25 mg/kg, 3X week) and sampled after 2 and 10 months exposure to assess neurotoxic damage in the hippocampus using morphological and biochemical endpoints. Histopathology, consisting of gliosis, swollen and necrotic neurons, and cell dropout, occurred in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA4 (hilus), and CA3 sectors as early as 2 months postexposure. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining of brain tissues taken at this time was severely reduced in the septal nuclei, the DG molecular layer, the CA4, and the hippocampus proper. After 10 months exposure to Fenthion, cellular necrosis and gliosis intensified in the CA4 and CA3 regions and occasionally involved the CA2. Radiometric assays of AChE activity in the hippocampus indicated a 65 and 85% depression after 2 and 10 months exposure, respectively. Quinuclidinyl benzilate binding for the hippocampal muscarinic receptor was reduced by 6 and 15%, after 2 and 10 months exposure, respectively. A separate group of older (12 month) rats was exposed to the same dosing regimen of Fenthion and examined for neuropathological damage after 2 and 10 months exposure. Aged animals exposed for only 2 months expressed severe hippocampal degeneration in a pattern similar to that seen in the young adult after 10 months exposure (viz., DG, CA4, CA3). Aged animals exposed for 10 months showed more extensive histopathology of the CA4-2 and occasionally CA1. These observations indicate that in both young adult and aged animals, subchronic, low-level exposure to anticholinesterase compounds can result in serious neurotoxic consequences to the mammalian hippocampus. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Veronesi, B AU - Jones, K AU - Pope, C AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/07// PY - 1990 DA - July 1990 SP - 440 EP - 456 VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Quinuclidinyl Benzilate KW - 6581-06-2 KW - Fenthion KW - BL0L45OVKT KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Quinuclidinyl Benzilate -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Hippocampus -- physiology KW - Fenthion -- toxicity KW - Acetylcholinesterase -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79942217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=The+neurotoxicity+of+subchronic+acetylcholinesterase+%28AChE%29+inhibition+in+rat+hippocampus.&rft.au=Veronesi%2C+B%3BJones%2C+K%3BPope%2C+C&rft.aulast=Veronesi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1990-07-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-09-14 N1 - Date created - 1990-09-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total human exposure: basic concepts, EPA field studies, and future research needs. AN - 79914767; 2198893 AB - Historically, environmental regulatory programs designed to protect public health have monitored pollutants only in geophysical carrier media (for example, outdoor air, streams, soil). Field studies have identified a gap between the levels observed in geophysical carrier media and the concentrations with which people actually come into contact: their daily exposures. A new approach--Total Human Exposure (THE)--has evolved to fill this gap and provide the critical data needed for accurately assessing public health risk. The THE approach considers a three-dimensional "bubble" around each person and measures the concentrations of all pollutants contacting that bubble, either through the air, food, water, or skin. Two basic THE approaches have emerged: (1) the direct approach using probability samples of populations and measuring pollutant concentrations in the food eaten, air breathed, water drunk, and skin contacted; and (2) the indirect approach using human activity pattern-exposure models to predict population exposure distributions. Using the direct approach, EPA has conducted over 20 field studies for pollutants representing four groups--volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, pesticides, and particles--in 15 cities in 12 states. The indirect modeling approach has been applied to several of these pollutants. Additional research is needed in a great variety of areas. Even from the few projects completed thus far, the THE approach has yielded a rich new data base for risk assessments and has provided many surprises about the relative contribution of various pollutant sources to public health risk. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Ott, W R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1990/07// PY - 1990 DA - July 1990 SP - 966 EP - 975 VL - 40 IS - 7 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Models, Biological KW - Environmental Pollution -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79914767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Total+human+exposure%3A+basic+concepts%2C+EPA+field+studies%2C+and+future+research+needs.&rft.au=Ott%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Ott&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=966&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1990-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Delay-dependent impairment of reversal learning in rats treated with trimethyltin. AN - 79914088; 2378608 AB - Recent theories of hippocampal function focus on its role in the formation of associations in the temporal domain. A reversal learning paradigm based on leverpress automaintenance was developed to vary the CS-US relationship along two independent dimensions, one temporal and one not: CS(+)-US delay and the probability of reinforcement [P(RFT)] following the CS+. Eight male hooded Long-Evans rats were trained to reverse these automaintained discriminations repeatedly, until stable performance was achieved. The neurotoxicant trimethyltin (TMT) was used to induce lesions in the CNS, including the CA3-4 region of Ammon's Horn in dorsal hippocampus. Following iv injection of 7 mg/kg TMT to half the rats, reversal learning was assessed under varying conditions of delay and P(RFT). After recovery from the acute effects of TMT (1-2 weeks), treated rats reversed normally when no delay separated the CS+ and US; with delays of 2 to 4 s, they reversed less completely within a session than did controls. Changing P(RFT) did not affect reversal learning in either group, but reduced response rates similarly in both groups. Morphological damage was quantified by measuring the length of the remaining pyramidal cell line in sections of dorsal hippocampus. The degree of behavioral impairment correlated significantly with hippocampal damage only at nonzero CS(+)-US delays. These results indicate that TMT impaired ability of rats to integrate temporal relationships between stimulus events, and are consistent with theories of hippocampal mediation of temporal associations. JF - Behavioral and neural biology AU - Bushnell, P J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/07// PY - 1990 DA - July 1990 SP - 75 EP - 89 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0163-1047, 0163-1047 KW - Trialkyltin Compounds KW - 0 KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - trimethyltin KW - 1631-73-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Orientation -- drug effects KW - Attention -- drug effects KW - Mental Recall -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Reversal Learning -- drug effects KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Memory -- drug effects KW - Conditioning, Classical -- drug effects KW - Retention (Psychology) -- drug effects KW - Appetitive Behavior -- drug effects KW - Trialkyltin Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79914088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+and+neural+biology&rft.atitle=Delay-dependent+impairment+of+reversal+learning+in+rats+treated+with+trimethyltin.&rft.au=Bushnell%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+and+neural+biology&rft.issn=01631047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-09-05 N1 - Date created - 1990-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of anchorage-independent growth in human diploid fibroblasts by the cyclopenta-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benz[l]aceanthrylene. AN - 79861708; 2366815 AB - Cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of environmental PAH that have been recently identified. Many of these chemicals have been found to be more active than benzo[a]pyrene in tests for genetic toxicity using bacterial and rodent cells. Benz[l]aceanthrylene, a cyclopenta-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon related to benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene were compared for their activity to induce cytotoxicity and anchorage-independent growth with normal human diploid fibroblasts. Both benz[l]aceanthrylene and benzo[a]pyrene were relatively non-cytotoxic to normal human diploid fibroblasts. However, benz[l]aceanthrylene was twice as active compared to benzo[a]pyrene over the concentration range examined as an inducer of anchorage-independent growth. The ability of benz[l]aceanthrylene to induce anchorage-independent colony growth in normal human cells, in combination with its demonstrated ability as a mouse-skin tumorigen, suggests this PAH to be a potential multi-species carcinogen. JF - Mutation research AU - Nesnow, S AU - Milo, G AU - Kurian, P AU - Sangaiah, R AU - Gold, A AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/07// PY - 1990 DA - July 1990 SP - 221 EP - 225 VL - 244 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - benz(l)aceanthrylene KW - 5GXM6N8UIH KW - Index Medicus KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Diploidy KW - Cell Adhesion KW - Fibroblasts -- drug effects KW - Fibroblasts -- ultrastructure KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79861708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Induction+of+anchorage-independent+growth+in+human+diploid+fibroblasts+by+the+cyclopenta-polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon%2C+benz%5Bl%5Daceanthrylene.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S%3BMilo%2C+G%3BKurian%2C+P%3BSangaiah%2C+R%3BGold%2C+A&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-07-01&rft.volume=244&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-08-13 N1 - Date created - 1990-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Artificial Sediments for Use in Tests with Wetland Plants AN - 19108611; 9104453 AB - Artificial sediments are described for use in studies on rooted marsh plants. The sediments, which are similar in particle size distribution to natural sediments, are formulated from commercially available sand, silt, clay and organic matter. Average survival rates of seedlings of Echinochloa crusgalli var crusgalli, Scirpus paludosus and Spartina alterniflora were 93.4 %,, 90.4% and 89.4%, respectively. Average seedling weight of each species was unaffected by percentage sand, silt, clay, organic matter, pH or cation exchange capacity except for Scirpus paludosus, which required organic matter in the sediment for maximal growth and whose growth was affected by the relationship between particle size and percentage sand. These formulations have advantages over commercial potting mixes and other plant growth media because they allow design of well-defined sediments for specific purposes. The artificial formulations also do not have the disadvantages of natural sediments which may change drastically during a test, may contain toxic chemicals, weed seeds, or undesirable microbes and animals, and which may not be of desirable composition. (Brunone-PTT) JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany EEBODM, Vol. 30, No. 3, p 391-396, July 1990. 6 tab, 21 ref. AU - Simon, T L AU - Brashers, L K AU - Weber, DE AU - Walsh, GE AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/07// PY - 1990 DA - Jul 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquatic plants Plant growth Sediments Wetlands Cations Grain KW - size Microorganisms Sediment chemistry KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19108611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Artificial+Sediments+for+Use+in+Tests+with+Wetland+Plants&rft.au=Simon%2C+T+L%3BBrashers%2C+L+K%3BWeber%2C+DE%3BWalsh%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wellhead Protection: An Approach to Preservation of Public-Water Supplies AN - 19106039; 9105617 AB - A Wellhead Protection Program has been drafted and proposed by the Environmental Quality Board, the proposed lead environmental agency for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Aspects of the US EPA Wellhead Protection Program, such as statute, technical considerations and implementation and management are addressed. Historical and present land use inventories are also identified. Demographic and economic realities of the land will necessarily shape the formulation and subsequent implementation of the wellhead protection strategy. In areas with limited economic and land resources, their most effective use needs to be achieved in order to attain effective protection goals. Deterioration of drinking water supplies and a growing population may require planning and protection strategies which address future development of untapped groundwater resources. Implementing a Wellhead Protection Program requires a multifaceted focus. There are complex technical issues, management issues, and negotiated decisions that must be addressed. Implementation requires the ability to gather, analyze, use, and share large amounts of information on geology, hydrology, public law, political climate , and other matters. The environmental agency 's sister agencies that deal with public health, planning, and related matters, should also be involved. (See also W91-05611) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Tropical Hydrology and Caribbean Water Resources. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Hydrology and Fourth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress, San Juan, Puerto Rico, July 22-27, 1990. American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, Maryland. (1990). p 49-60, 4 fig, 8 ref. AU - Albino, M AU - Malleck, J S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/07// PY - 1990 DA - Jul 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Administrative agencies Environmental protection Groundwater KW - management Public policy Puerto Rico Tropical hydrology Water KW - supply Wellhead protection Economic aspects Groundwater quality KW - Interagency cooperation Land use Legislation Regulations KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19106039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wellhead+Protection%3A+An+Approach+to+Preservation+of+Public-Water+Supplies&rft.au=Albino%2C+M%3BMalleck%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Albino&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequential Inoculation as an Adjunct in Enteric Virus Plaque Enumeration AN - 19104572; 9100815 AB - Monitoring enteric viruses present in source waters and drinking water involves physically concentrating viruses from the water sample into a smaller and more manageable volume. Efficient enumeration of the concentrated viruses is the crucial second step, where perhaps the utmost consideration is selection and use of host cell lines that are most sensitive for supporting replication of those viruses present in the sample. The potential utility of sequentially inoculating a virus sample onto two different cultures of similar vs. dissimilar cell lines was evaluated in conjunction with IDU (5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine) treatment of the cells as a potential adjunct in viral plaque formation assays. This evaluation was done using laboratory grown human echovirus 7, human enterovirus 69 and human poliovirus 1, plus an environmental concentrate derived from sewage that contained indigenous untyped enterovirus. The cell lines employed were BGM, RD, L-132, and HEL-299. Sequential inoculation generally yielded higher viral assay titers when compared with the more traditional method of simply introducing viral inoculum onto a culture of the first (initial) cell line and then completing the assay without removing that inoculum. When a permissive cell line (BGM or RD) was used for both the initial and final cultures in a sequential inoculation technique , the total plaque count titer from both the initial plus final cultures represented an average 35% improvement over the traditional method. (Author 's abstract) JF - Water Research WATRAG, Vol. 24, No. 7, p 905-909, July 1990. 4 tab, 7 ref. AU - Hurst, C J AU - Benton, W H AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990/07// PY - 1990 DA - Jul 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Culturing techniques Laboratory methods Pollutant identification KW - Viruses Data acquisition Enteroviruses Experimental design KW - Iododeoxyuridine KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19104572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sequential+Inoculation+as+an+Adjunct+in+Enteric+Virus+Plaque+Enumeration&rft.au=Hurst%2C+C+J%3BBenton%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the origins of astrocyte response to injury using the dopaminergic neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. AN - 80020502; 1976416 AB - We used the dopaminergic neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), as a tool to characterize the origins of astroglial response to injury. Radioimmunoassay of the astrocyte protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was used to quantify the astrocyte reaction to MPTP. Assays of neuron-localized proteins and of dopamine were used to assess neuronal damage caused by MPTP. A single administration of MPTP (12.5 mg/kg, s.c.) to the C57BL/6J mouse resulted in more than a 3-fold increase in striatal GFAP within 48 h, followed by a decline to baseline at 3 weeks. A decrease in the amount of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of dopaminergic neurons, preceded the rise in GFAP. The concentration of striatal DARPP-32, a phosphoprotein enriched in neurons receiving dopaminergic input, was not affected by MPTP. Protecting the dopaminergic neurons from the neurotoxic metabolite of MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), either by blocking its formation or by preventing its uptake into dopaminergic neurons, completely blocked the increase in GFAP. MPTP did not appear to disrupt the blood-brain barrier, therefore, blood-borne elements probably did not mediate the increase in GFAP. In addition, immunoblot data indicated that brain-derived interleukin 1, an astrocyte growth factor, also did not play a role in MPTP-induced gliosis. Together, these findings suggest that diffusible factors derived from damaged dopaminergic neurons initiate the astrocyte response to MPTP and that large increases in GFAP can be induced without the participation of serum-derived growth factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Brain research AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B AU - Reinhard, J F AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/06/25/ PY - 1990 DA - 1990 Jun 25 SP - 73 EP - 80 VL - 521 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 KW - 0 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors KW - Phosphoproteins KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.16.2 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Astrocytes -- cytology KW - MPTP Poisoning KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Astrocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80020502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+origins+of+astrocyte+response+to+injury+using+the+dopaminergic+neurotoxicant%2C+1-methyl-4-phenyl-1%2C2%2C3%2C6-tetrahydropyridine.&rft.au=O%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B%3BReinhard%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-06-25&rft.volume=521&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1990-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer risk assessment of 1,3-butadiene. AN - 80004379; 2205485 AB - This paper discusses the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) risk assessment of 1,3-butadiene. The assessment focuses on estimation of increased cancer risk to populations living near industrial sources of 1,3-butadiene emissions rather than occupationally exposed populations. Incremental cancer risk estimates based on extrapolation from laboratory animal data are presented. Pharmacokinetic data published since the EPA's 1985 assessment are incorporated, which somewhat alters the earlier assessment of cancer risk. Characterization of emission sources, estimates of ambient air concentrations, and population exposure are also discussed. The estimate presented in this paper of excess cancer cases resulting from point source exposure to 1,3-butadiene is decreased to approximately 40% of the estimate published in 1985 from 6.4 in 10 to 2.5 chances in 10 for a lifetime exposure to 1 ppm. The current estimate is no more than eight additional cancer incidences in the general population. Increased risk to the most exposed individuals is not anticipated to be greater than 1 in 10. This reduction in the risk estimate is due to a change in the estimate of 1,3-butadiene potency (i.e., incremental unit risk estimate) based on incorporation of new pharmacokinetic data. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Cote, I L AU - Bayard, S P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/06// PY - 1990 DA - June 1990 SP - 149 EP - 153 VL - 86 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Butadienes KW - Carcinogens KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - JSD5FGP5VD KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Butadienes -- adverse effects KW - Butadienes -- administration & dosage KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80004379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Cancer+risk+assessment+of+1%2C3-butadiene.&rft.au=Cote%2C+I+L%3BBayard%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Cote&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1990-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-10-26 N1 - Date created - 1990-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Occup Med. 1976 Mar;18(3):178-85 [1255279] Cancer Res. 1976 Sep;36(9 pt.1):2973-9 [975067] Cancer Res. 1977 Oct;37(10):3475-83 [908002] Environ Health Perspect. 1978 Feb;22:155-9 [648482] J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1980 Nov;4(5-6):305-12 [7217854] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1982 Dec;8(4):250-9 [7170621] Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):548-9 [3966163] Arch Toxicol. 1986 Apr;58(4):235-8 [3718226] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Jul;84(3):617-27 [3726881] Am J Ind Med. 1987;12(3):311-29 [3674024] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1988;534:648-62 [3291722] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:103-6 [2205482] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:107-17 [2401250] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:155-8 [2401254] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:159-71 [2205486] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:19-25 [2401255] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:27-36 [2401263] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jun;86:57-63 [2401272] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U-shaped dose-response curves: their occurrence and implications for risk assessment. AN - 79838641; 2192070 AB - A class of curvilinear dose-response relationships in toxicological and epidemiological studies may be roughly described by "U-shaped" curves. Such curves reflect an apparent reversal or inversion in the effect of an otherwise toxic agent at a low or intermediate region of the dose continuum. Several examples of U-shaped dose-response functions are presented to illustrate the variety of agents and end points that can follow this form. Such findings are not thought to represent a unitary phenomenon, but may be explained through numerous possible principles or mechanisms, some of which are illustrated and discussed in general terms. U-shaped dose-response curves raise important issues for toxicological and environmental health risk assessments, particularly in the identification of no-observed-effect levels and in the evaluation of multiple outcomes and the tradeoffs between potential risks and benefits of a given agent. It is especially important to avoid focusing exclusively on an apparent improvement in one end point and failing to consider other, possibly deleterious effects of the same agent. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Davis, J M AU - Svendsgaard, D J AD - Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/06// PY - 1990 DA - June 1990 SP - 71 EP - 83 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Mathematics KW - Toxicology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79838641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=U-shaped+dose-response+curves%3A+their+occurrence+and+implications+for+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+M%3BSvendsgaard%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-07-24 N1 - Date created - 1990-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of a Floatable Action Plan AN - 19083900; 9011970 AB - Significant amounts of floating debris, such as wood, plastics, paper, and medical wastes, washed up on the ocean beaches of New Jersey and the southern shore of Long Island, New York, in the summers of 1987 and 1988. An interagency workgroup of local, state, and federal agencies was formed in August 1988 to develop a floatables action plan to mitigate the floatables problem. During the winter, the Floatables Action Plan was adopted for use from May through September 1989. The plan consisted of four key elements: surveillance, regular cleanups following moon tides and storms, non-routine cleanups, and a communications network to facilitate the use of available resources. The plan played an integral role in preventing the repeat of the large number of beach closures that occurred during the summers of 1987 and 1988, and in keeping the beaches clean of floating debris; however, this plan and other cleanup programs are all stopgap measures until long-term solutions can be instituted to correct the sources of the problem. (Stoehr-PTT) JF - Water Environment & Technology WAETEJ Vol. 2, No. 6, p 36-39, June 1990. 1 fig, 2 tab. AU - Caspe, R L AU - Molinari, P J AD - Environmental Protection Agency New York. Region II Y1 - 1990/06// PY - 1990 DA - Jun 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Assessments KW - Beaches KW - Cleanup KW - Shores KW - Water pollution KW - Governmental interrelations KW - New Jersey KW - New York KW - Public health KW - State jurisdiction KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19083900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+a+Floatable+Action+Plan&rft.au=Caspe%2C+R+L%3BMolinari%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Caspe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal biology of the laboratory rat. AN - 79956303; 2201986 AB - The purpose of this paper is to thoroughly review the literature and present a data base of the basic thermoregulatory parameters of the laboratory rat. This review surveys the pertinent papers dealing with various aspects of the thermal biology of the laboratory rat, including: metabolism, thermoneutrality, core and brain temperature, thermal tolerance, thermal conductance and insulation, thermoregulatory effectors (i.e., thermogenesis, peripheral vasomotor tone, evaporation, and behavior), thermal acclimation, growth and reproduction, ontogeny, aging, motor activity and exercise, circadian rhythm and sleep, gender differences, and other parameters. It is shown that many facets of the thermoregulatory system of the laboratory rat are typical to that of most homeothermic species. However, is several instances the rat exhibits unique thermoregulatory responses which are not comparable to other species. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Gordon, C J AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/05// PY - 1990 DA - May 1990 SP - 963 EP - 991 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Energy Metabolism -- physiology KW - Acclimatization -- physiology KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- physiology KW - Rats -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79956303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Thermal+biology+of+the+laboratory+rat.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=963&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1990-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workshop on the qualitative and quantitative comparability of human and animal developmental neurotoxicity, Work Group IV report: triggers for developmental neurotoxicity testing. AN - 79876300; 2196426 AB - A Work Group was formed to evaluate the criteria considered important in determining when to require developmental neurotoxicity testing in animal studies (i.e., triggers for testing). The primary objective of the Work Group was to determine whether there is sufficient scientific evidence to support the triggers identified by the Environmental Protection Agency and determine whether there is sufficient evidence to use structure activity relationships (SAR) to trigger automatic testing of certain classes of chemicals. A weight of evidence (WOE) approach was recommended by the Work Group in order to assist in determining which agents should undergo developmental neurotoxicity testing and to what level of testing. Evaluation of biological effects, length and duration of exposure, and quality and quantity of data available on an agent should be used in the WOE approach. Agents that are teratogenic to the central nervous system (CNS) were considered of highest priority for developmental neurotoxicity testing, especially if there is the potential for a high degree of exposure. Neuropathic and neuroactive compounds, chemicals with hormone-like activity, and developmental toxicants (with effects other than structural abnormalities of the CNS) were also considered likely candidates for such testing. Although reluctant to recommend testing based solely on SAR or chemical class, the Work Group recognized the importance of considering SAR along with other toxicity data, pharmacokinetic data and potential human exposure in making final requirements or recommendations for further testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Levine, T E AU - Butcher, R E AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. PY - 1990 SP - 281 EP - 284 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Pregnancy KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Nervous System Diseases -- embryology KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79876300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Workshop+on+the+qualitative+and+quantitative+comparability+of+human+and+animal+developmental+neurotoxicity%2C+Work+Group+IV+report%3A+triggers+for+developmental+neurotoxicity+testing.&rft.au=Levine%2C+T+E%3BButcher%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-08-23 N1 - Date created - 1990-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radon risk communication research: practical lessons. AN - 79830503; 2354047 AB - Those responsible for state and local radon programs often express frustration about the small share of homes that have been tested for radon, and the small share of those with high readings that have been mitigated. There are now a number of completed studies that have examined how well alternative ways of communicating about radon risk have accomplished the goals of motivating appropriate testing and mitigation. This paper summarizes the research results that are most crucial for planning and implementing effective radon risk communication programs. We identify six reasons why people do not respond to radon as a serious threat and provide some remedies suggested by radon studies. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Fisher, A AU - Johnson, F R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1990/05// PY - 1990 DA - May 1990 SP - 738 EP - 739 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Communication KW - Radon -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79830503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Radon+risk+communication+research%3A+practical+lessons.&rft.au=Fisher%2C+A%3BJohnson%2C+F+R&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-07-24 N1 - Date created - 1990-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of risk from exposure to aldicarb using immune response of nonuniform populations of mice. AN - 79829747; 2353843 AB - The immunomodulation response of mice to low levels of aldicarb in drinking water was investigated in four series of studies. The splenic plaque forming cell (PFC) response to red sheep cells were measured for treatment levels of 0.01 to 1,000 ppb (micrograms/kg). Based on their beginning and end body weights, the animal populations were uniform in all series of tests, but based on their net body weights and PFC counts they were highly nonuniform in the 30 and 60 day tests and uniform in the 90 and 180 day tests. The mean PFC counts for animals in each treatment were calculated and compared with the mean PFC counts for animals in the controls in all four series of tests. This approach ignores the variability and nonuniformity in the animal population. The outcomes using this approach were stimulatory for the 30 and 60 day tests and inhibitory for the 90 and 180 day tests. An alternative approach was developed based on the analysis of the distributions of the relative PFC counts of each animal in a treatment with each animal in a control, and specifically addresses the variability and nonuniformity in animal population as integral parts of the analysis. The distribution peaks were estimated by maximum likelihood and kernel/bootstrap procedures and were used to summarize the tests. The outcomes were consistently inhibitory, indicating immune suppression. The outcome of this approach converged to the outcome of the mean PFC approach for the 90 and 180 day tests where the animal populations were uniform. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Shirazi, M A AU - Erickson, B J AU - Hinsdill, R D AU - Wyman, J A AD - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon 97333. PY - 1990 SP - 447 EP - 456 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Aldicarb KW - 8V071SH05P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sheep -- immunology KW - Risk Factors KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Aldicarb -- toxicity KW - Immunity -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79829747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+risk+from+exposure+to+aldicarb+using+immune+response+of+nonuniform+populations+of+mice.&rft.au=Shirazi%2C+M+A%3BErickson%2C+B+J%3BHinsdill%2C+R+D%3BWyman%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Shirazi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1990-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid toxicity testing based on mitochondrial respiratory activity. AN - 79796446; 2344473 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Haubenstricker, M E AU - Holodnick, S E AU - Mancy, K H AU - Brabec, M J AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105. Y1 - 1990/05// PY - 1990 DA - May 1990 SP - 675 EP - 680 VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Cyclohexanones KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - isophorone KW - 2BR99VR6WA KW - Mercuric Chloride KW - 53GH7MZT1R KW - Adenosine Diphosphate KW - 61D2G4IYVH KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Potassium Cyanide KW - MQD255M2ZO KW - cupric chloride KW - S2QG84156O KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Cyclohexanones -- toxicity KW - Potassium Cyanide -- toxicity KW - Mercuric Chloride -- toxicity KW - Time Factors KW - Copper -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Malathion -- toxicity KW - Adenosine Diphosphate -- metabolism KW - Oxygen Consumption -- drug effects KW - Mitochondria, Liver -- metabolism KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- toxicity KW - Mitochondria, Liver -- drug effects KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- biosynthesis KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79796446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Rapid+toxicity+testing+based+on+mitochondrial+respiratory+activity.&rft.au=Haubenstricker%2C+M+E%3BHolodnick%2C+S+E%3BMancy%2C+K+H%3BBrabec%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Haubenstricker&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1990-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of beta-Glucuronidase Assay for Identification of Escherichia coli by the Defined-Substrate Technology AN - 19085816; 9009628 AB - The association of beta-glucuronidase with the genus Escherichia (97% positive) suggests that a beta-glucuronidase assay would be a useful identification test. Reports about the sensitivity and specificity of this enzyme for the identification of Escherichia coli from clinical sources, food, seawater, potable-water supplies, and various environmental sources have appeared. A study was undertaken to determine the efficacy and specificity of the defined-substrate technology beta-glucuronidase (Colilert) assay for the identification of this species from fecal samples. A total of 460 human, 105 cow, and 55 horse E. coli isolates were tested. Results showed 95.5% beta-glucuronidase-positive isolates in 24 h and 99.5% positive for 28 h of incubation. Only one E. coli isolate was negative. There were no significant differences in the percentage of beta-glucuronidase-positive isolates among the human or animal isolates. There were no non-E. coli isolates that were positive. All subjects carried beta-glucuronidase-positive E. coli. (Author 's abstract) JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AEMIDF Vol. 56, No. 5, p 1203-1205, May 1990. 2 tab, 24 ref. AU - Rice, E W AU - Allen, MJ AU - Edberg, S C AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab Y1 - 1990/05// PY - 1990 DA - May 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bacterial analysis KW - Drinking water KW - Escherichia coli KW - Pollutant identification KW - Seawater KW - Water analysis KW - Beta-glucuronidase KW - Defined-substrate technology KW - Enzymes KW - Fecal coliforms KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19085816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+beta-Glucuronidase+Assay+for+Identification+of+Escherichia+coli+by+the+Defined-Substrate+Technology&rft.au=Rice%2C+E+W%3BAllen%2C+MJ%3BEdberg%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review: Isolated Fish Hepatocytes: Model Systems for Toxicology Research AN - 19076916; 9010735 AB - Recent developments in hepatocyte culture and bioanalytical technology have opened new avenues of research with these systems. Although the utility of isolated hepatocytes in toxicological research has been clearly demonstrated in mammalian studies, this technique has been applied only recently to aquatic species. This review summarizes the status of isolated fish hepatocyte culture and its application to toxicological research in the areas of mechanistic toxicology, xenobiotic metabolism and genotoxicity research. Special attention is paid to the methodologies used to prepare isolated fish hepatocytes. Research using isolated teleost hepatocytes has focused primarily on normal cellular functions. However, a few studies have investigated the toxicity, metabolism and genotoxicity of inorganic and organic compounds. These studies are limited and have only begun to demonstrate the potential of in vitro techniques in aquatic toxicology. Areas for future research include determination of mechanism of action of xenobiotics, the role of metabolism in mediating organism toxicity, and the toxicity of complex mixtures and environmental samples. At present, there has been little experimental work conducted to establish the correlation between results obtained in vitro and potential whole animal effects in vivo. Future studies need to validate this extrapolation in aquatic species, as has been done in mammalian systems, in order to establish the role of this unique in vitro methodology in ecotoxicological risk assessment. (Hoskin-PTT) JF - Aquatic Toxicology AQTODG Vol. 16, No. 4, p 229-256, May 1990. 5 tab, 148 ref. AU - Baski, S M AU - Frazier, J M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Narragansett, RI. Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1990/05// PY - 1990 DA - May 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bioassay KW - Genotoxicity KW - Mutagenicity KW - Reviews KW - Toxicity KW - Toxicology KW - Water pollution effects KW - Animal metabolism KW - Fish physiology KW - In vitro tests KW - Laboratory methods KW - Liver KW - Mutagens KW - Risk assessment KW - SW 8080:Preparation of reviews KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19076916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Isolated+Fish+Hepatocytes%3A+Model+Systems+for+Toxicology+Research&rft.au=Baski%2C+S+M%3BFrazier%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Baski&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Biodegradability Kinetics of RCRA Compounds Using Respirometry for Structure-Activity Relationships AN - 19072316; 9011010 AB - A study was conducted to obtain information on the biological treatability of the benzene, phenol, phthalate, and ketone organics and of the Superfund CERCLA organics in wastewater treatment systems. Respirometric biodegradability and biokinetic and inhibition data were generated for selected RCRA benzene, phenolic, phthalate, and ketone compounds and for six CERCLA leachate organics (benzoic acid, di-n-butyl phthalate, phenanthrene, n-nitrosodiphenylamine, p-chloro-m-cresol, and hexachrlobutadiene). The results demonstrate that it definitely is possible to measure biodegradability and to determine the kinetics of degradation of single organic compounds using only measurements of oxygen consumption in respirometric batch reactors. The values of the kinetic parameters determined from oxygen consumption data were similar to those based on measurements of substrate removal or cell growth data. With the electrolytic respirometry approach, a data base on the removal of priority pollutant and RCRA toxic organic compounds by biodegradation can be generated that is sufficient to support the development of predictive models on fate and removal of toxics in industrial and municipal waste treatment systems. (See also W90-10965) (Rochester-PTT) JF - Proceedings of the 44th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference. May 9-11 1989, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida. 1990. p 405-423, 16 fig, 5 tab, 57 ref. AU - Tabak, H H AU - Desai, S AU - Govind, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab Y1 - 1990/05// PY - 1990 DA - May 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Biodegradation KW - Organic compounds KW - Respirometry KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Batch reactors KW - Benzenes KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Ketones KW - Kinetics KW - Model studies KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Oxygen consumption KW - Phenols KW - Phthalates KW - Prediction KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19072316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Biodegradability+Kinetics+of+RCRA+Compounds+Using+Respirometry+for+Structure-Activity+Relationships&rft.au=Tabak%2C+H+H%3BDesai%2C+S%3BGovind%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tabak&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA 's Assessment of European Contaminated Soil Treatment Techniques AN - 19069607; 9009210 AB - Site remediation is a pressing issue in European countries due to limited availability of land. Therefore, much progress is being made in the development of effective technologies for remediating contaminated sites. The most successful and innovative European technologies were investigated for potential introduction into U.S. markets. Ninety-five innovative technologies either in use or being researched in foreign countries were identified. The most promising technologies identified were studied in depth through personal interviews with the engineers who research and apply these technologies, and through tours of laboratory models and full-scale installations. The most successful full-scale technologies investigated were developed in the Netherlands and West Germany. These technologies include vacuum extraction of hydrocarbons from soil, in situ washing of cadmium-polluted soil, in situ steam stripping, and a number of landfarming and soil washing operations. The cadmium extraction project employed in situ hydrochloric acid leaching of cadmium from over 30,000 cu mi of soil. The acid leachate was purified by ion exchange and reused. The treatment cost was estimated to be $75/ton of soil. Hannover Umwelttechnik (HUT) of West Germany has installed over 300 vacuum extraction systems for vadose zone decontamination. HUT has also developed an in situ air stripping system for removing volatiles from ground water in conjunction with vacuum extraction. Treatment costs for the HUT system are less than $5/ton. Soil washing can be conducted on a large scale at costs substantially lower than those of incineration (with notably less effectiveness). Biological treatment technologies were shown to be useful both for polishing to lower concentrations using in situ treatment, and for gross removals of organic materials using rotating biological contactors and composting systems. (Chonka-PTT) JF - Environmental Progress ENVPDI Vol. 9, No. 2, p 79-86, May 1990. 2 fig, 5 tab, 8 ref. AU - Pheiffer, TH AU - Nunno, T J AU - Walters, J S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance Y1 - 1990/05// PY - 1990 DA - May 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Biological treatment KW - Decontamination KW - Europe KW - Site remediation KW - Soil treatment KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Hazardous waste disposal KW - Soil contamination KW - Vadose zone KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19069607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=EPA+%27s+Assessment+of+European+Contaminated+Soil+Treatment+Techniques&rft.au=Pheiffer%2C+TH%3BNunno%2C+T+J%3BWalters%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Pheiffer&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=1990-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chromatographic methods for analysis of ethylene oxide in emissions from stationary sources. AN - 80299417; 2079550 AB - Chromatographic methods of analysis with FID detection are investigated for quantitation of ethylene oxide in emissions from production plants and commercial sterilizers. A column with a stationary phase of 3% Carbowax 20M on 80-100 Chromosorb 101 is used to separate ethylene oxide from potential interferents in emissions from production plants. Two columns are found that allow accurate quantitation of ethylene oxide in emissions from commercial sterilizers. Both columns elute ethylene oxide before Freon 12, the diluent in the sterilization process. One column has a stationary phase of 1% SP-1000 on 60-80 Carbopack B and can be used to quantitate ethylene oxide over a wider range of concentrations than the other column, 5% Fluorcol (a fluorinated oil) on 60-80 Carbopack B. Graphitized carbon, the solid support in both of these columns, appears to participate in the ethylene oxide-Freon 12 separation with the SP-1000 column but not with the Fluorcol column. JF - Journal of chromatographic science AU - Margeson, J H AU - Steger, J L AU - Homolya, J B AD - Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/04// PY - 1990 DA - April 1990 SP - 204 EP - 209 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9665, 0021-9665 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Industrial Waste KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Industrial Waste -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- instrumentation KW - Ethylene Oxide -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80299417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.atitle=Chromatographic+methods+for+analysis+of+ethylene+oxide+in+emissions+from+stationary+sources.&rft.au=Margeson%2C+J+H%3BSteger%2C+J+L%3BHomolya%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Margeson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatographic+science&rft.issn=00219665&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1991-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Further evidence that dichloromethane does not induce chromosome damage. AN - 79857255; 2362082 AB - Dichloromethane (DCM) is a widely used industrial solvent that has been determined to be a carcinogen in rats and mice. In vitro and in vivo analyses of chromosome damage induced by this agent have provided conflicting results. In order to further investigate the clastogenic potential of DCM in vivo, we analyzed sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosome aberrations (CAs) in mouse bone marrow cells following intraperitoneal exposures of 100-2000 mg kg-1 DCM. Dichloromethane failed to increase the frequencies of either SCEs or CAs. JF - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT AU - Westbrook-Collins, B AU - Allen, J W AU - Sharief, Y AU - Campbell, J AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/04// PY - 1990 DA - April 1990 SP - 79 EP - 81 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Bone Marrow -- physiology KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- toxicity KW - Chromosome Aberrations -- physiology KW - Methylene Chloride -- toxicity KW - Methylene Chloride -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79857255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.atitle=Further+evidence+that+dichloromethane+does+not+induce+chromosome+damage.&rft.au=Westbrook-Collins%2C+B%3BAllen%2C+J+W%3BSharief%2C+Y%3BCampbell%2C+J&rft.aulast=Westbrook-Collins&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1990-04-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-08-08 N1 - Date created - 1990-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of a fluoranthene-utilizing strain of Pseudomonas paucimobilis. AN - 79776338; 2339870 AB - A soil bacterium capable of utilizing fluoranthene as the sole source of carbon and energy for growth was purified from a seven-member bacterial community previously isolated from a creosote waste site for its ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. By standard bacteriological methods, this bacterium was characterized taxonomically as a strain of Pseudomonas paucimobilis and was designated strain EPA505. Utilization of fluoranthene by strain EPA 505 was demonstrated by increase in bacterial biomass, decrease in aqueous fluoranthene concentration, and transient formation of transformation products in liquid cultures where fluoranthene was supplied as the sole carbon source. Resting cells grown in complex medium showed activity toward anthraquinone, benzo[b]fluorene, biphenyl, chrysene, and pyrene as demonstrated by the disappearance of parent compounds or changes in their UV absorption spectra. Fluoranthene-grown resting cells were active against these compound as well as 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene. These studies demonstrate that organic compounds not previously reported to serve as growth substrates can be utilized by axenic cultures of microorganisms. Such organisms may possess novel degradative systems that are active toward other compounds whose biological degradation has been limited because of inherent structural considerations or because of low aqueous solubility. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Mueller, J G AU - Chapman, P J AU - Blattmann, B O AU - Pritchard, P H AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561. Y1 - 1990/04// PY - 1990 DA - April 1990 SP - 1079 EP - 1086 VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Fluorenes KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - fluoranthene KW - 360UOL779Z KW - Creosote KW - 8021-39-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Creosote -- metabolism KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism KW - Fluorenes -- metabolism KW - Pseudomonas -- growth & development KW - Pseudomonas -- metabolism KW - Pseudomonas -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79776338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+a+fluoranthene-utilizing+strain+of+Pseudomonas+paucimobilis.&rft.au=Mueller%2C+J+G%3BChapman%2C+P+J%3BBlattmann%2C+B+O%3BPritchard%2C+P+H&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-04-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1079&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-06-19 N1 - Date created - 1990-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1969 Jul;99(1):316-25 [5802613] Science. 1975 Jul 25;189(4199):295-7 [1145203] Can J Microbiol. 1975 Jul;21(7):1004-8 [1148939] J Biol Chem. 1979 Dec 10;254(23):12174-80 [500703] J Gen Microbiol. 1982 Dec;128(12):2945-54 [7183747] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Jan;55(1):154-8 [2705768] Adv Appl Microbiol. 1984;30:31-71 [6442534] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Apr;54(4):937-44 [3377503] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Oct;54(10):2415-23 [2462407] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Oct;54(10):2549-55 [3202633] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Oct;54(10):2556-65 [3202634] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Jan;47(1):119-24 [6696409] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oncogene alterations in in vitro transformed rat tracheal epithelial cells. AN - 79722446; 1691445 AB - 10 derivations of rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells, including normal cells, normal primary cultures, 7 tumorigenic cell lines and 1 nontumorigenic cell line transformed in vitro by treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and/or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were examined for oncogene alterations. No abnormalities of Ha-ras or Ki-ras were seen that were suggestive of amplification, rearrangement or the presence of RFLPs. Analysis of specific-point mutations in Ha-ras using Pst I digestion (codon 12, GGA to GCA) or Ha-ras and Ki-ras using Xba I (codon 61, CAA to CTA) were negative. In one cell line derived by DMBA treatment, changes in the c-myc restriction digest pattern were seen after incubation with Bam HI and Hind III. Northern analysis revealed consistent differences between normal and transformed cells when probed with Ha-ras; c-myc expression was of low intensity, and the expression of Ki-ras could not be detected. Transfection of RTE cell DNAs into NIH/3T3 cells did not result in the appearance of morphologic transformants. The studies suggest that Ha-ras or Ki-ras codon 61 A to T transversions (CAA to CTA) are not associated with the immortal/tumorigenic phenotype in RTE cells transformed by DMBA or TPA, and are in contrast to results reported in some other biological systems. JF - Mutation research AU - Mass, M J AU - Schorschinsky, N S AU - Lasley, J A AU - Beeman, D K AU - Austin, S J AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/04// PY - 1990 DA - April 1990 SP - 291 EP - 298 VL - 243 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - 0 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Oncogene Protein p21(ras) KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Oncogene Protein p21(ras) -- genetics KW - Gene Rearrangement KW - Trachea -- cytology KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - RNA -- drug effects KW - Gene Amplification KW - Rats KW - Transfection KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Epithelium KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Male KW - RNA -- genetics KW - Oncogenes -- genetics KW - Genes, ras -- genetics KW - Oncogenes -- drug effects KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- genetics KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79722446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Oncogene+alterations+in+in+vitro+transformed+rat+tracheal+epithelial+cells.&rft.au=Mass%2C+M+J%3BSchorschinsky%2C+N+S%3BLasley%2C+J+A%3BBeeman%2C+D+K%3BAustin%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Mass&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-04-01&rft.volume=243&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-05-15 N1 - Date created - 1990-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cotinine analytical workshop report: consideration of analytical methods for determining cotinine in human body fluids as a measure of passive exposure to tobacco smoke. AN - 79819591; 2190812 AB - A two-day technical workshop was convened November 10-11, 1986, to discuss analytical approaches for determining trace amounts of cotinine in human body fluids resulting from passive exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The workshop, jointly sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Centers for Disease Control, was attended by scientists with expertise in cotinine analytical methodology and/or conduct of human monitoring studies related to ETS. The workshop format included technical presentations, separate panel discussions on chromatography and immunoassay analytical approaches, and group discussions related to the quality assurance/quality control aspects of future monitoring programs. This report presents a consensus of opinion on general issues before the workshop panel participants and also a detailed comparison of several analytical approaches being used by the various represented laboratories. The salient features of the chromatography and immunoassay analytical methods are discussed separately. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Watts, R R AU - Langone, J J AU - Knight, G J AU - Lewtas, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/03// PY - 1990 DA - March 1990 SP - 173 EP - 182 VL - 84 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Pyrrolidinones KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Cotinine KW - K5161X06LL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Body Fluids -- analysis KW - Chromatography KW - Humans KW - Immunoassay KW - Pyrrolidinones -- analysis KW - Cotinine -- analysis KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79819591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Cotinine+analytical+workshop+report%3A+consideration+of+analytical+methods+for+determining+cotinine+in+human+body+fluids+as+a+measure+of+passive+exposure+to+tobacco+smoke.&rft.au=Watts%2C+R+R%3BLangone%2C+J+J%3BKnight%2C+G+J%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-03-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1990-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Methods Enzymol. 1982;84:628-40 [7098975] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Jun;66(6):1061-6 [6941041] Am J Public Health. 1983 Oct;73(10):1204-7 [6614277] Cancer Res. 1983 Nov;43(11):5570-4 [6616484] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983 Nov;34(5):604-11 [6627820] Thorax. 1983 Nov;38(11):829-33 [6648864] Lancet. 1984 Jan 28;1(8370):230-1 [6141373] N Engl J Med. 1984 Apr 26;310(17):1075-8 [6708988] Clin Chem. 1985 Jan;31(1):118-21 [3880672] J Epidemiol Community Health. 1984 Dec;38(4):335-9 [6512488] Clin Chem. 1985 Jun;31(6):1076-7 [3995736] Am J Public Health. 1985 Jun;75(6):663-5 [4003635] Prev Med. 1984 Nov;13(6):608-17 [6536938] Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985 Oct 5;291(6500):927-9 [3929967] Am J Dis Child. 1985 Nov;139(11):1101-4 [4061405] J Chromatogr. 1985 Nov 8;344:391-6 [4086564] Clin Chem. 1986 Jun;32(6):979-82 [3708822] J Immunol Methods. 1986 Jun 24;90(2):203-13 [3722825] Cancer Res. 1986 Sep;46(9):4804-7 [3731126] Cancer Res. 1986 Sep;46(9):4808-11 [3015399] J Immunol Methods. 1987 Feb 11;96(2):239-46 [3543136] Toxicol Lett. 1987 Jan;35(1):45-52 [3810681] Toxicol Lett. 1987 Jan;35(1):9-18 [3810688] J Pharm Pharmacol. 1986 Dec;38(12):917-9 [2880967] Am J Public Health. 1987 May;77(5):598-602 [3565655] J Chromatogr. 1987 Apr 10;415(2):400-6 [3584381] Biochemistry. 1973 Nov 20;12(24):5025-30 [4761980] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1979 May;25(5 Pt 1):555-61 [436358] Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981 Jan 17;282(6259):183-5 [6779940] J Chromatogr. 1981 Jan 2;222(1):61-70 [6783675] J Anal Toxicol. 1982 Nov-Dec;6(6):294-6 [7162139] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of emissions from a variable gasoline/methanol fueled car. AN - 79724220; 1691650 AB - In response to the occurrence of the increasingly severe ambient ozone exceedances, regional environmental managers are examining the possibility of a cleaner fuel for automobiles. At this time the leading candidate appears to be methanol. In anticipation of a shift to methanol, flexible-fueled automobiles capable of operating on gasoline and/or methanol are being developed. This study examines both the exhaust and evaporative emissions from a prototype General Motors Variable Fuel Corsica. Results are reported for tests conducted at temperatures of 40 degrees, 75 degrees, and 90 degrees F, and for fuels M0 M25, M50, M85, and M100. In addition to regulated emissions and fuel economy, emission rates for methanol, aldehydes, and a large number of hydrocarbon compounds were measured. The data indicate that increasing the fuel's methanol content does not affect the exhaust organic emission rate (calculated in accordance with the regulation) from flexible-fueled cars, but formaldehyde and methanol comprise increasingly greater portions of the organic material while hydrocarbons comprise less. Increasing fuel methanol content has no significant effect on exhaust regulated emission rates (organic material, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides) nor on the composition of total hydrocarbons, except for methane, which increases substantially. The effect of ambient temperature on both exhaust and evaporative emissions is similar to its effect on gasoline cars: organic and carbon monoxide exhaust emissions increase substantially at the lower temperatures, and evaporative emissions increase steadily with increases in temperature. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Gabele, P A AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Y1 - 1990/03// PY - 1990 DA - March 1990 SP - 296 EP - 304 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Gasoline KW - 0 KW - Petroleum KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gasoline -- analysis KW - Petroleum -- analysis KW - Methanol -- analysis KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79724220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+emissions+from+a+variable+gasoline%2Fmethanol+fueled+car.&rft.au=Gabele%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Gabele&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-03-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1990-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mouse skin tumorigenicity studies of indoor coal and wood combustion emissions from homes of residents in Xuan Wei, China with high lung cancer mortality. AN - 79662885; 2311182 AB - The rural Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, China, has an unusually high lung cancer mortality rate that cannot be attributed to tobacco smoke or occupational exposure. The lung cancer rate is associated with 'smoky' coal, in contrast to wood or 'smokeless' coal burned in unventilated homes. This study was conducted to characterize and compare mouse skin tumorigenicity of the coal and the wood combustion emissions and to link the animal data to human lung cancer. Indoor air particles (less than 10 microns) were collected from a central commune where the lung cancer mortality rate is high and smoky coal is the major fuel used and also from a south-western commune where lung cancer mortality rate is low and where wood or smokeless coal are the major fuels used. The organic extracts of these indoor air particles from smoky coal, smokeless coal and wood combustion were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and assayed for skin tumor initiation activity and complete carcinogenicity in SENCAR mice. The results showed that the organic extract of the emission particles from smoky coal combustion is the most active in tumor initiation among the three combustion emission samples followed by smokeless coal and then wood. The organic extract of the particles from smoky coal combustion was shown to be a potent complete carcinogen, whereas the wood extract was relatively inactive as a complete carcinogen. The extract of particles from the smokeless coal combustion was not tested for complete carcinogenicity because of inadequate supply. Eighty-eight percent of the mice treated with the smoky coal extract showed carcinomas, averaging 1.1 carcinomas per tumor-bearing mouse at the end of the 77 week study. These findings were in agreement with the epidemiological data, which showed that the Xuan Wei residents using smoky coal as a major fuel in homes had a high lung cancer mortality rate. This study demonstrates that the results of the tumorigenicity assays in mice were in agreement with human lung cancer data. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Mumford, J L AU - Helmes, C T AU - Lee, X M AU - Seidenberg, J AU - Nesnow, S AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Genetic Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/03// PY - 1990 DA - March 1990 SP - 397 EP - 403 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Coal KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Coal -- adverse effects KW - Papilloma -- etiology KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Wood KW - Mice KW - Female KW - China KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79662885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Mouse+skin+tumorigenicity+studies+of+indoor+coal+and+wood+combustion+emissions+from+homes+of+residents+in+Xuan+Wei%2C+China+with+high+lung+cancer+mortality.&rft.au=Mumford%2C+J+L%3BHelmes%2C+C+T%3BLee%2C+X+M%3BSeidenberg%2C+J%3BNesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mumford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-18 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time Series Analyses of Biological and Environmental Variables for Suisin Bay and the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers AN - 19113593; 9109245 AB - The cause(s) of the decline in estuarine populations within the Suisin Bay and the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers in California at all levels of the food chain are unknown. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) analysis was used to compute cross-correlations between principal component axes describing environmental variables, chlorophyll concentration, and zooplankton density. It was found that, for all three regions, chlorophyll anomalies were significantly cross-correlated with a principal component axis that was inversely related to streamflow at lag 1 and water transparency at lag 0. This suggests a link between climate and plankton. Zooplankton anomalies were significantly cross-correlated with a principal component axis that was inversely related to water transparency at lag 1 for the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, probably associated with changes in water temperature and large-scale flows along the California coast. Cross-correlations among the time series may provide information about links between environmental and biological variables within the estuary and the possible influence of climate. (See also W91-09238) (Author's abstract) JF - IN: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, March 5-8, 1989, Asilomar, California. Technical Report 23 of the Interagency Ecological Studies Program for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, February 1990. p 67-69, 2 fig, 1 tab, 4 ref. AU - Lehman, P AD - Oregon State University, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, 200 S.W. 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333 Y1 - 1990/03// PY - 1990 DA - Mar 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Climatology KW - Estuarine environment KW - Estuaries KW - Correlation analysis KW - California KW - Time series analysis KW - Food chains KW - Chlorophyll KW - Zooplankton KW - Environmental data KW - Biological studies KW - Ecosystems KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - SW 0890:Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19113593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Time+Series+Analyses+of+Biological+and+Environmental+Variables+for+Suisin+Bay+and+the+Sacramento+and+San+Joaquin+Rivers&rft.au=Lehman%2C+P&rft.aulast=Lehman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Annual Course of Precipitation over Much of the United States: Observed versus GCM Simulation AN - 19095260; 9109239 AB - Seasonal weather patterns over the conterminous United States were analyzed and it was determined that relatively homogeneous climatic regional patterns of rainfall seasonality appear to control the distributions of the country's major biomes. These regional patterns were compared to the output from three GCMs for validation. These analyses suggest that there are large zonal bands where the models are valid in reproducing seasonal rainfall patterns and large zonal bands where they are not valid. The models appear to simulate the appropriate seasonal climates in the northern tier of states. However, the spatial extent of these regions is distorted. This implies that rules could be developed for calibrating model output to the actual spatial sequence of climates. This may have the effect of reducing discrepancies between models of regional rainfall patterns. Having made these corrections, the CO2 driven anomalies should be examined for consistency between models. None of the models accurately portrayed rainfall seasonalities in the southern tier of states, where biomes are primarily influenced by the Bermuda High. This suggests the need for further model development. Potential areas of research include both sub-grid and large-scale processes, such as cloud parameterizations and feedbacks and ocean-atmosphere interactions. (See also W91-09238) (Fish-PTT) JF - IN: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, March 5-8, 1989, Asilomar, California. Technical Report 23 of the Interagency Ecological Studies Program for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, February 1990. p 19-26, 7 fig, 25 ref. AU - Nielson, R P AU - King, G A AU - Lenihan, J AU - DeVelice, R L AD - Oregon State University, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, 200 Southwest 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333 Y1 - 1990/03// PY - 1990 DA - Mar 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Climatology KW - Model studies KW - Precision KW - Climatic data KW - Climatic zones KW - Model testing KW - Meteorological modeling KW - Precipitation KW - Simulated rainfall KW - Seasonal variation KW - Regional analysis KW - Ecosystems KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19095260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+Annual+Course+of+Precipitation+over+Much+of+the+United+States%3A+Observed+versus+GCM+Simulation&rft.au=Nielson%2C+R+P%3BKing%2C+G+A%3BLenihan%2C+J%3BDeVelice%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Nielson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ohio River Oil Spill: A Case Study AN - 19074031; 9007893 AB - On January 2, 1988, a massive spill of 3.8 million gallons of diesel oil on the Monongahela River near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania illustrated the vulnerability of drinking water utilities to upstream point and nonpoint sources of pollution. The spill breached an earthen barrier surrounding the split storage tank and entered the river through storm sewers. Normal procedures used to control oil spills were only partially successful; 30% of the spilled oil was recovered with brooms and vacuums. The spill also pushed through several locks and dams, causing the diesel oil to mix vertically in the water column. As the slick moved slowly past Pittsburgh, then into the Ohio River , water plants had to close their water intakes. Procedures for spill notification went into effect. The Ohio River Valley Water and Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) played a major role in coordinating the dissemination of information and emergency and remedial action. Thirteen laboratory stations operated in cooperation with 11 water utilities and 2 industries to collect daily water samples and analyze them for 16 halogenated compounds. Although the long-term damage from the spill is still not known, diesel oil passing through locks and dams stained concrete walls, caused many communities to use bottled water, and brought commercial activity to a virtual standstill. The Natural Resource Damage Assessment procedure will define the overall extent of the spill. Ashland Oil Inc., the company responsible for the spill, has agreed to a long-term cleanup program and will reimburse the federal government $680,000 in connection with the spill. The spill illustrated the need for better information regarding the time of passage versus discharge levels for various stages of Ohio River flow. Computer models should be developed that can better predict both travel time and concentration of contaminants in the event of future spills. (Geiger-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 82, No. 3, p 39-44, March 1990. 6 fig, 2 tab, 7 ref. AU - Clark, R M AU - Vicory, AH AU - Goodrich, JA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1990/03// PY - 1990 DA - Mar 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Monongahela River KW - Ohio River KW - Oil pollution KW - Oil spills KW - Path of pollutants KW - Water pollution effects KW - Case studies KW - Cleanup operations KW - Water pollution treatment KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19074031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ohio+River+Oil+Spill%3A+A+Case+Study&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BVicory%2C+AH%3BGoodrich%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction in Bacterial Densities of Wastewater Solids by Three Secondary Treatment Processes AN - 19072267; 9006842 AB - Some wastewater treatment plants have no primary clarifiers but recirculate the sludge within the system for long periods. Reduction of Salmonella sp. and fecal indicator bacteria densities in the sludge particles was investigated and compared with reduction of these densities in conventional primary settling and activated sludge treatment. Bacterial densities in the suspended solids in the entering wastewater were compared with densities in the waste sludge. Reductions in Salmonella sp. densities (number/gram) in the sludge were about 0.5 log greater for the five no-primary long-sludge-age plants than for the conventional plant. Similar differences were found for fecal indicator densities. Fecal indicator densities based on suspended solids content of the wastewater were nearly the same for all six plants. Since reductions were consistent for all plants, it appears possible to estimate performance of a treatment plant for reducing bacterial densities in sludge solids only by examining the final raw sludge product. (Author 's abstract) JF - Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 62, No. 2, p 177-184, March/April 1990. 5 fig, 7 tab, 10 ref. AU - Farrell, J B AU - Salotto, B V AU - Venosa, AD AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab Y1 - 1990/03// PY - 1990 DA - Mar 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Activated sludge KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Bioindicators KW - Recirculation KW - Salmonella KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19072267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reduction+in+Bacterial+Densities+of+Wastewater+Solids+by+Three+Secondary+Treatment+Processes&rft.au=Farrell%2C+J+B%3BSalotto%2C+B+V%3BVenosa%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of murine cytomegalovirus on development: lack of interactions of virus and sodium salicylate. AN - 79755273; 2159496 AB - Interactions between exposure to xenobiotics and disease can occur during pregnancy. Few data are available on the consequences of such interactions on developmental parameters. In this study, we investigated potential interactions between murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), which induces embryolethality, and sodium salicylate, a known teratogen. MCMV administered on Day 12 was embryotoxic over a broad range of doses from 2 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(6) plaque-forming units, and also decreased postnatal weight gain. MCMV administration on Day 8 of gestation caused significant prenatal mortality regardless of salicylate exposure. Salicylate did not cause fetal mortality or malformations at either 500 or 750 mg kg-1 day-1 on Days 9 and 10 of gestation. No evidence of synergistic effects of MCMV and salicylate on embryo/fetal development was seen. JF - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT AU - Francis, B M AU - Huang, Y S AU - Hartig, P C AU - Rosen, M B AU - Kawanishi, C Y AU - Chernoff, N AD - Developmental Toxicology Division, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Y1 - 1990/02// PY - 1990 DA - February 1990 SP - 43 EP - 46 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - Sodium Salicylate KW - WIQ1H85SYP KW - Index Medicus KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy KW - Cytomegalovirus Infections -- physiopathology KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- physiopathology KW - Sodium Salicylate -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79755273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.atitle=Effects+of+murine+cytomegalovirus+on+development%3A+lack+of+interactions+of+virus+and+sodium+salicylate.&rft.au=Francis%2C+B+M%3BHuang%2C+Y+S%3BHartig%2C+P+C%3BRosen%2C+M+B%3BKawanishi%2C+C+Y%3BChernoff%2C+N&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1990-02-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-06-13 N1 - Date created - 1990-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proceedings of the Workshop on the Acceptability and Interpretation of Dermal Developmental Toxicity Studies. AN - 79690805; 2180765 AB - The workshop on The Acceptability and Interpretation of Dermal Developmental Toxicity Studies, held April 13-14, 1988, was organized by the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development and Office of Toxic Substances and was supported by the Agency's Risk Assessment Forum. The purpose of the workshop was to review the current state of knowledge on the use of the dermal route of exposure in developmental toxicity studies. In evaluating this area, three major issues were considered by the participants: (1) the evaluation of maternal toxicity in dermal developmental toxicity studies, (2) what types of pharmacokinetic data are necessary or desirable for the appropriate design and interpretation of these studies, and (3) what factors are important to consider in the design of dermal developmental toxicity studies. The participants concluded: (1) dermal developmental toxicity studies without any indication of maternal or developmental toxicity are inadequate for risk assessment unless accompanied by absorption data, (2) absorption data and limited pharmacokinetic data should be collected in every dermal developmental toxicity study, and (3) dermal developmental toxicity studies in which skin irritation is too marked should be considered inadequate for risk assessment. General recommendations made for all developmental toxicity studies regardless of the route of exposure were: signs of local irritation should be examined, and absorption/pharmacokinetic data should be developed. Areas in which additional research is needed to permit more complete assessment of dermal developmental toxicity studies were also identified. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Kimmel, C A AU - Francis, E Z AD - Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Branch, HHAG/OHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1990/02// PY - 1990 DA - February 1990 SP - 386 EP - 398 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Irritants KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Absorption KW - Research Design KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Teratogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79690805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Proceedings+of+the+Workshop+on+the+Acceptability+and+Interpretation+of+Dermal+Developmental+Toxicity+Studies.&rft.au=Kimmel%2C+C+A%3BFrancis%2C+E+Z&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-05-08 N1 - Date created - 1990-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive toxicity of a single dose of 1,3-dinitrobenzene in two ages of young adult male rats. AN - 79687004; 2318353 AB - These studies evaluated the reproductive response and the possible influence of testicular maturation on the reproductive parameters, in male rats treated with 1,3-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB). Young adult male rats (75 or 105 days of age) were given a single oral dose of 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, or 48 mg/kg of m-DNB and killed at 14 days post-treatment. Mortality and neurotoxicity were observed at 48 mg/kg, but only in the older animals. Epididymis weight, testicular sperm head counts, cauda sperm reserves, and sperm morphology were affected at 16 and 24 mg/kg and higher in the older and younger animals, respectively. Testis weight and sperm motility were affected at 24 mg/kg and higher in both age groups. Histologic changes included maturation depletion of mid and late spermatids at 16 mg/kg and higher, atrophy of a few to many seminiferous tubules at 24 mg/kg and higher, and immature germ cells in the epididymis. The movement and/or mixing of luminal elements in the epididymis appeared to be influenced by severe testicular effects. In separate groups given only the 48 mg/kg dosage, fertilizing ability was lost by 5-6 weeks post-treatment and several animals failed to recover in 5 months. In the breeder males, minimal to extensive degrees of seminiferous tubule atrophy and sloughed germ cells in the epididymis were still present after 175 days. The studies indicated that the lowest dosage to produce reproductive changes was 16 mg/kg with a no-effect level of 8 mg/kg. A few animals suffered protracted or permanent reproductive damage. Since the older animals were more susceptible to both the general and the reproductive toxicity of m-DNB, the less severe reproductive changes in the younger animals cannot be attributed solely to maturational differences in the testis. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Linder, R E AU - Strader, L F AU - Barbee, R R AU - Rehnberg, G L AU - Perreault, S D AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/02// PY - 1990 DA - February 1990 SP - 284 EP - 298 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Dinitrobenzenes KW - 0 KW - Nitrobenzenes KW - 3-dinitrobenzene KW - DK8B627BU0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Sperm Count -- drug effects KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Breeding KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Epididymis -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- administration & dosage KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Nitrobenzenes -- toxicity KW - Dinitrobenzenes -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79687004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Reproductive+toxicity+of+a+single+dose+of+1%2C3-dinitrobenzene+in+two+ages+of+young+adult+male+rats.&rft.au=Linder%2C+R+E%3BStrader%2C+L+F%3BBarbee%2C+R+R%3BRehnberg%2C+G+L%3BPerreault%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Linder&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-05-08 N1 - Date created - 1990-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disinfection of water distribution systems for legionella: a review of application procedures and methodologies. AN - 79675409; 2179401 AB - Hospital-acquired legionella pneumonia is emerging as a major problem; potable water distribution systems have been shown to be the primary reservoirs for the legionella organisms. As a result, disinfection measures have been developed to eradicate the organism from the hospital water supply. Each disinfection modality differs in its design and application such that choosing an appropriate cost-effective control measure requires careful analysis and planning. We assess in comparative fashion the disinfection modalities of thermal eradication ("heat-and-flush"), instantaneous steam-heating system, chlorination, ultraviolet light irradiation, ozonation and metal ionization. The theoretical bases, the actual procedure or system, the logistics of implementation, the costs and personnel requirements and the advantages and disadvantages are presented for each modality. Criteria for selection of a method, the use of combinations of methods, parameters for installation, pitfalls in implementation and a plan for subsequent environmental surveillance are discussed in detail. JF - Infection control and hospital epidemiology AU - Muraca, P W AU - Yu, V L AU - Goetz, A AD - USA Environmental Protection Agency, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Y1 - 1990/02// PY - 1990 DA - February 1990 SP - 79 EP - 88 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0899-823X, 0899-823X KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - Water Microbiology KW - Sanitary Engineering KW - Legionella KW - Legionnaires' Disease -- prevention & control KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Disinfection -- economics KW - Legionnaires' Disease -- etiology KW - Cross Infection -- etiology KW - Water Supply KW - Sterilization -- methods KW - Disinfection -- instrumentation KW - Cross Infection -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79675409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+control+and+hospital+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Disinfection+of+water+distribution+systems+for+legionella%3A+a+review+of+application+procedures+and+methodologies.&rft.au=Muraca%2C+P+W%3BYu%2C+V+L%3BGoetz%2C+A&rft.aulast=Muraca&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+control+and+hospital+epidemiology&rft.issn=0899823X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of lindane on nitroreductase and dechlorinase enzyme activity in the gastrointestinal tract. AN - 79656972; 1689881 AB - A previously reported acceleration of parathion metabolism in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of lindane-pretreated rats could have been due to either a prolonged residence time of parathion or increased GI nitroreductase activity or both. Thus to determine the effect on GI nitroreductase and dechlorinase activity, 20 mg/kg lindane or 535 mg/kg neomycin were administered daily, by gavage, to weanling F-344 rats. Enzyme activity in the small intestine and cecum were assayed after 2 weeks and 5 weeks of treatment. Neomycin treatment inhibited the activity of both enzymes in the cecum but had no significant effect on enzyme activity in the small intestine, suggesting the presence of mucosal nitroreductase and dechlorinase in the small intestine. In contrast, lindane, which had no effect on enzyme activity in the cecum, significantly increased nitroreductase activity in the small intestine after treatment for 5 weeks. This increased nitroreductase may account for the previously reported lindane-parathion interaction and could influence the metabolism, toxicity, and risk assessment of many other environmental nitro-compounds that become toxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic upon reduction of their nitro-groups. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Chadwick, R W AU - Chang, J J AU - Gilligan, P H AU - Forehand, L R AU - Long, J E AU - Duffy, M C AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/02// PY - 1990 DA - February 1990 SP - 299 EP - 308 VL - 50 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Neomycin KW - 1404-04-2 KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - Parathion KW - 61G466064D KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Nitroreductases KW - EC 1.7.- KW - Lyases KW - EC 4.- KW - DDT-dehydrochlorinase KW - EC 4.5.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Drug Interactions KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- enzymology KW - Parathion -- toxicity KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- microbiology KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- metabolism KW - Neomycin -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Nitroreductases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Intestine, Small -- metabolism KW - Lyases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Lindane -- pharmacology KW - Oxidoreductases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Cecum -- microbiology KW - Intestine, Small -- microbiology KW - Cecum -- enzymology KW - Intestine, Small -- enzymology KW - Cecum -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79656972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Effect+of+lindane+on+nitroreductase+and+dechlorinase+enzyme+activity+in+the+gastrointestinal+tract.&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+R+W%3BChang%2C+J+J%3BGilligan%2C+P+H%3BForehand%2C+L+R%3BLong%2C+J+E%3BDuffy%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-02-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-10 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead-induced anemia: dose-response relationships and evidence for a threshold. AN - 79596766; 2297059 AB - We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiologic study to assess the association between blood lead level and hematocrit in 579 one to five year-old children living near a primary lead smelter in 1974. Blood lead levels ranged from 0.53 to 7.91 mumol/L (11 to 164 micrograms/dl). To predict hematocrit as a function of blood lead level and age, we derived non-linear regression models and fit percentile curves. We used logistic regression to predict the probability of hematocrit values less than 35 per cent. We found a strong non-linear, dose-response relationship between blood lead level and hematocrit. This relationship was influenced by age, but (in this age group) not by sex; the effect was strongest in youngest children. In one year-olds, the age group most severely affected, the risk of an hematocrit value below 35 percent was 2 percent above background at blood lead levels between 0.97 and 1.88 mumol/L (20 and 39 micrograms/dl), 18 percent above background at lead levels of 1.93 to 2.85 mumol/L (40 to 59 micrograms/dl), and 40 percent above background at lead levels of 2.9 mumol/L (60 micrograms/dl) and greater; background was defined as a blood lead level below 1.88 mumol/L (20 micrograms/dl). This effect appeared independent of iron deficiency. These findings suggest that blood lead levels close to the currently recommended limit value of 1.21 mumol/L (25 micrograms/dl) are associated with dose-related depression of hematocrit in young children. JF - American journal of public health AU - Schwartz, J AU - Landrigan, P J AU - Baker, E L AU - Orenstein, W A AU - von Lindern, I H AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1990/02// PY - 1990 DA - February 1990 SP - 165 EP - 168 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Idaho KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Child KW - Prevalence KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Anemia -- chemically induced KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79596766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Lead-induced+anemia%3A+dose-response+relationships+and+evidence+for+a+threshold.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J%3BLandrigan%2C+P+J%3BBaker%2C+E+L%3BOrenstein%2C+W+A%3Bvon+Lindern%2C+I+H&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-02-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-15 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Sep;69(9):2381-5 [4506758] Int Rev Exp Pathol. 1973;12:1-77 [4349348] Br J Ind Med. 1973 Apr;30(2):134-41 [4703084] Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1974 Oct;13(10):874-5, 880-3, 886-8 [4413649] J Pediatr. 1988 Jan;112(1):12-7 [2826742] Arch Environ Health. 1970 Aug;21(2):140-5 [5429999] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 May;79(10):3335-9 [6954483] N Engl J Med. 1987 Apr 23;316(17):1037-43 [3561456] Environ Res. 1987 Dec;44(2):221-7 [3691443] J Pediatr. 1976 Dec;89(6):904-10 [993916] J Air Pollut Control Assoc. 1977 Aug;27(8):763-7 [886085] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation Factors for Eleven Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners AN - 19104966; 9106894 AB - Bioaccumulation tests were conducted with clams (Macoma nasuta) exposed to sediment collected from the Southern California Bight. Sediment and tissue samples were analyzed for 11 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. Mean accumulation factors (AF) were then calculated. Statistically significant differences between some treatment AF means were found for 6 congeners. The magnitude of the differences was small, however, the mean AFs differing by a factor of about 2-3 for a given congener. Mean AFs exceeded 2 for PCB-52 (2,2',5,5' tetrachlorobiphenyl in 2 treatments; all other mean AFs were 2 occurred in clams exposed to a sediment from one station having a low concentration of pollutant and low total organic carbon. Of the total number of AFs determined, only 18, or about 4%, exceeded 2. Mean AFs were not constant across the 11 PCB congeners in 3 of the 5 treatments. Accumulation factors appear to be related to the hydrophobicity (or lipophilicity) of the congeners since there were highly significant negative rank correlations between individual clam AFs and log of the octanol/water partition coefficient in each of the treatments. (Doria-PTT) JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology BECTA6, Vol. 46, No. 2, p 276-283, February 1990. 4 tab, 15 ref. AU - Ferraro, S P AU - Lee, H AU - Smith, L M AU - Ozretich, RJ AU - Specht, D T AD - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pacific Ecosystems Branch , Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon 97365 Y1 - 1990/02// PY - 1990 DA - Feb 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Path of pollutants KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Sediment contamination KW - Biological magnification KW - Chromatography KW - Clams KW - Gas chromatography KW - Lipids KW - Organic carbon KW - Sediment analysis KW - Sediments KW - Solubility KW - Statistical analysis KW - Tissue analysis KW - Water pollution KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19104966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Accumulation+Factors+for+Eleven+Polychlorinated+Biphenyl+Congeners&rft.au=Ferraro%2C+S+P%3BLee%2C+H%3BSmith%2C+L+M%3BOzretich%2C+RJ%3BSpecht%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adsorption Capacity of GAC for Synthetic Organics AN - 19080350; 9007330 AB - Isotherms play a major role in the design of carbon adsorption systems. Models of carbon adsorption all require as inputs equilibrium data obtained from isotherm experiments. Since 1981 the Environmental Protection Agency has been conducting isotherm experiments for many of the compounds cited in the 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. Isotherms determined in these studies are listed here for 58 compounds in distilled-deionized (DD) water, filtered Ohio River water, and filtered groundwater (Great Miami Aquifer, Ohio). These compounds include, both chlorinated and non-chlorinated aromatics, chlorinated and brominated aliphatics, chlorinated insecticide, carbamates, as well as triazine herbicides. Data presented include the number of data points in the determination , range of liquid-phase concentration at equilibrium (microgram/L), Freundlich constants (K, 1/n), and 95% confidence intervals for the two Freundlich constants. The natural water isotherms generally had reduced capacity compared to the DD water isotherms. For a few natural water isotherms, individual isotherm points showed a higher capacity than that of the DD water isotherms. In these cases, the confidence intervals around the individual isotherm points for both isotherms overlapped one another. (Rochester-PTT) JF - Journal of the American Water Works Association JAWWA5 Vol. 82, No. 2, p 72-75, February 1990. 3 fig, 1 tab, 10 ref. AU - Speth, T F AU - Miltner, R J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 1990/02// PY - 1990 DA - Feb 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Activated carbon KW - Adsorption kinetics KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Herbicides KW - Organic compounds KW - Pesticides KW - Raw water KW - Water treatment KW - Environmental Protection Agency KW - Great Miami Aquifer KW - Groundwater KW - Isotherms KW - Ohio KW - Ohio River KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - Surface water KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19080350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Adsorption+Capacity+of+GAC+for+Synthetic+Organics&rft.au=Speth%2C+T+F%3BMiltner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Speth&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geological and geochemical characterization AN - 916836250; 2012-011242 JF - NOAA Estuary-of-the-Month Seminar Series AU - Isphording, Wayne C AU - Flowers, George C Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - January 1990 SP - 9 EP - 25 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Washington, DC VL - 15 SN - 1046-4794, 1046-4794 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - pollutants KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - Alabama KW - estuaries KW - sediments KW - Mobile Bay KW - estuarine environment KW - discharge KW - fluvial environment KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/916836250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOAA+Estuary-of-the-Month+Seminar+Series&rft.atitle=Geological+and+geochemical+characterization&rft.au=Isphording%2C+Wayne+C%3BFlowers%2C+George+C&rft.aulast=Isphording&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NOAA+Estuary-of-the-Month+Seminar+Series&rft.issn=10464794&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Mobile Bay; issues, resources, status, and management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alabama; discharge; estuaries; estuarine environment; fluvial environment; Gulf Coastal Plain; heavy metals; hydrology; Mobile Bay; North America; pollutants; pollution; sediments; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mobile Bay; issues, resources, status, and management AN - 916836249; 2012-011241 JF - NOAA Estuary-of-the-Month Seminar Series Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - January 1990 SP - 147 PB - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Washington, DC VL - 15 SN - 1046-4794, 1046-4794 KW - United States KW - resources KW - North America KW - estuaries KW - conservation KW - land management KW - Mobile Bay KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - Alabama KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/916836249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=NOAA+Estuary-of-the-Month+Seminar+Series&rft.atitle=Mobile+Bay%3B+issues%2C+resources%2C+status%2C+and+management&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NOAA+Estuary-of-the-Month+Seminar+Series&rft.issn=10464794&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Mobile Bay; issues, resources, status, and management N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alabama; conservation; estuaries; Gulf Coastal Plain; land management; land use; Mobile Bay; North America; resources; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-activity relationships (SAR) and structure-metabolism relationships (SMR) affecting the teratogenicity of carboxylic acids. AN - 80304109; 2078991 JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Di Carlo, F J AD - Health and Environmental Review Division, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 411 EP - 449 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Teratogens -- metabolism KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- metabolism KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80304109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Structure-activity+relationships+%28SAR%29+and+structure-metabolism+relationships+%28SMR%29+affecting+the+teratogenicity+of+carboxylic+acids.&rft.au=Di+Carlo%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Di+Carlo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1991-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Drug Metab Rev 1992;24(3):417 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurotoxic effects of colchicine. AN - 80249268; 2284057 AB - Neurotoxicants have found increasing use as tools to study the structure and function of the central nervous system. One class of compounds which block mitosis and disrupt axoplasmic transport includes colchicine, a chemical which is highly toxic to certain neuronal populations. Colchicine administered directly into the hippocampus of rats results in the preferential destruction of dentate gyrus granule cells without affecting the surrounding pyramidal cells. Injection of colchicine into other brain areas also destroys neurons but with less selectivity than is observed in the hippocampus. The neurotoxicity of colchicine appears to be related to the ability to bind to tubulin, although its exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Mundy, W R AU - Tilson, H A AD - Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 539 EP - 547 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Colchicine KW - SML2Y3J35T KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Colchicine -- toxicity KW - Nervous System -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80249268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Neurotoxic+effects+of+colchicine.&rft.au=Mundy%2C+W+R%3BTilson%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Mundy&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The neurotoxicity of parathion-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition in neonatal rats. AN - 80249241; 2284052 AB - The biochemical and morphological effects of postnatal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition were examined in rat pups dosed with paration, at time points critical to hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis (i.e., day 5-20). In treated pups, sacrificed on day 21, hippocampal histopathology, as assessed by light and electron microscopy, consisted of cellular disruption and necrosis in the dentate gyrus (DG), and CA4 regions. Synaptic disruption in the DG molecular layer was suggested by histochemical preparation using both the Timm's and AChE stains. In parathion-treated pups, sampled at day 12, hippocampal AChE was depressed 73% and [3H] quinuclidiny benzilate (QNB) binding was depressed by 36%. The above results indicate that morphological and biochemical consequences are associated with persistent AChE depression in neonatal rats. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Veronesi, B AU - Pope, C AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Neurotoxicology Division MD74-B, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 465 EP - 482 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Parathion KW - 61G466064D KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Necrosis -- chemically induced KW - Hippocampus -- ultrastructure KW - Acetylcholinesterase -- metabolism KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Parathion -- toxicity KW - Nervous System -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80249241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=The+neurotoxicity+of+parathion-induced+acetylcholinesterase+inhibition+in+neonatal+rats.&rft.au=Veronesi%2C+B%3BPope%2C+C&rft.aulast=Veronesi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The significance of DNA damage and repair mechanisms in health risk assessment. AN - 80238916; 2282037 AB - Clearly, the distinction of the three components in the underlying mechanisms of toxicity--pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and cell kinetics--is somewhat artificial. Together they form a continuous process rather than a set of stages. But these components correspond to the areas of studies that are often applied to the investigation of toxic mechanisms. Moreover, the components identify complexes of interacting processes, the consequences of which must be studied by examining their actions in concert with one another--metabolic activation must be examined as it competes with excretion, and rates of DNA-adduct formation must be studied along with mechanisms and rates of their repair. By enumerating these components, it becomes evident that clarification of the biological processes in only one realm, say pharmacokinetics, leaves other parts of the "black box" unrevealed. Components that are inadequately understood can be bridged either by plausible assumptions or by empirical measurement, but at the cost of some uncertainty in the risk extrapolations. For some processes, the artificial division into components may be problematic. For example, mutation rates clearly depend not only on the pharmacodynamic processes of creation of DNA adducts and their removal via repair, but also on the rates of cell division, allowing fixing of mutations, and on survival of the affected cells. The extrapolation of toxic effects across dose levels and across species hinges on the changes in the proportionality of input to output in each of the three components. Different degrees of metabolic activation of a procarcinogen across species clearly affect the comparative potency of an agent in experimental animals and human beings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Basic life sciences AU - Rhomberg, L AU - Dellarco, V L AU - Farland, W H AU - Cortesi, R S AD - Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 225 EP - 232 VL - 53 SN - 0090-5542, 0090-5542 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genes KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cell Cycle KW - DNA Repair KW - DNA Damage KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80238916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Basic+life+sciences&rft.atitle=The+significance+of+DNA+damage+and+repair+mechanisms+in+health+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Rhomberg%2C+L%3BDellarco%2C+V+L%3BFarland%2C+W+H%3BCortesi%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Rhomberg&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Basic+life+sciences&rft.issn=00905542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-14 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ninety-day oral toxicity study of dibromochloromethane in Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 80230523; 2276338 AB - Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received dibromochloromethane daily by gavage to evaluate its subchronic toxicity. Dose levels were 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg.(kg-day)-1, with 10 animals/sex/group for 90 consecutive days. Corn oil was used as the vehicle. No changes were found in mortality, clinical signs, ophthalmoscopic examinations, or hematology that were considered to be related to treatment. Mean final body weight and body weight gain (weeks 0-13) were significantly decreased in male and female high dose animals relative to the vehicle control. Food consumption was decreased in males in a dose-related fashion, reaching statistical significance at the highest treatment level. Indications of hepatotoxicity in the clinical chemistry included elevated alanine amino-transferase (mid and high dose males) and alkaline phosphatase (high dose males and females). Increased serum creatinine (mid- and high dose males and high dose females) and decreased potassium (high dose males) were considered to be suggestive of nephrotoxicity. Absolute and relative weights of several organs in male and female animals were depressed and were related to the decreased body weights. The decreases in brain and thymic weights, and increases in liver and kidney weight (female only) were considered to be treatment related. Histopathological changes included findings of lipidosis of the liver and slight to moderate degenerative changes within the proximal tubular cells of the kidney. Based on the results of this study, the (LOAEL) lowest observed adverse effect level for DCBM when administered to Sprague-Dawley rats in corn oil gavage was 50 mg.(kg-day)-1. JF - Drug and chemical toxicology AU - Daniel, F B AU - Robinson, M AU - Condie, L W AU - York, R G AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 135 EP - 154 VL - 13 IS - 2-3 SN - 0148-0545, 0148-0545 KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated KW - 0 KW - Trihalomethanes KW - chlorodibromomethane KW - 3T4AJR1H24 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Retina -- drug effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Ophthalmoscopy KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80230523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Ninety-day+oral+toxicity+study+of+dibromochloromethane+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BCondie%2C+L+W%3BYork%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1991-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of the mutagenicity in stored cigarette smokers' urine and extract. AN - 80162240; 2253603 AB - Urine from cigarette smokers was analyzed for the effect upon mutagenic activity when stored for as long as 175 days. Frozen aliquots of urine were thawed out at various time points in the study and prepared for bioassay. These urine extracts were not bioassayed immediately, but rather refrozen until all of the unprocessed urine samples had eventually been prepared for bioassay. All extracts were obtained using cyanopropyl solid phase extraction techniques. At the end of 175 days, all extracts were bioassayed using a microsuspension assay of Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Urine from smokers was found to be mutagenic (14.4-30.9 revertants/ml equivalent) while a control set of urine from non-smokers was not. Data from the storage study when analyzed by analysis of variance techniques indicated no statistical loss of mutagens occurred over the 175-day period although near significance was observed (P = 0.054). This near significance was the result of decreasing mutant response as storage time increased for two of the higher doses tested. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Williams, R W AU - Watts, R AU - Inmon, J AU - Pasley, T AU - Claxton, L AD - Environmental Health Research and Testing, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 246 EP - 249 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Freezing KW - Time Factors KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Female KW - Mutagens -- urine KW - Smoking -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80162240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Stability+of+the+mutagenicity+in+stored+cigarette+smokers%27+urine+and+extract.&rft.au=Williams%2C+R+W%3BWatts%2C+R%3BInmon%2C+J%3BPasley%2C+T%3BClaxton%2C+L&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-01-18 N1 - Date created - 1991-01-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human lung cancer risks due to complex organic mixtures of combustion emissions. AN - 80112323; 2236875 JF - Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer AU - Mumford, J L AU - He, X Z AU - Chapman, R S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 181 EP - 189 VL - 120 SN - 0080-0015, 0080-0015 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - China -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Male KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- epidemiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80112323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Recent+results+in+cancer+research.+Fortschritte+der+Krebsforschung.+Progres+dans+les+recherches+sur+le+cancer&rft.atitle=Human+lung+cancer+risks+due+to+complex+organic+mixtures+of+combustion+emissions.&rft.au=Mumford%2C+J+L%3BHe%2C+X+Z%3BChapman%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Mumford&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Recent+results+in+cancer+research.+Fortschritte+der+Krebsforschung.+Progres+dans+les+recherches+sur+le+cancer&rft.issn=00800015&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1990-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of the developmental neurotoxicity of lead. AN - 80105885; 2234545 AB - Lead has long been recognized as a developmental neurotoxicant. Although no reasonable doubt exists about this qualitative characterization, quantitative aspects of the developmental neurotoxicity of lead have been more difficult to resolve. This paper focuses on two key issues in a risk assessment of lead: the blood lead level of concern, i.e., the lowest level of exposure associated with neurotoxic effects in children, and the magnitude and implications of such effects. The distinction between a threshold and a level of concern is also discussed, along with the issue of whether a threshold exists for lead-induced health effects. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Davis, J M AD - Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 285 EP - 291 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Child Behavior -- drug effects KW - Child Development -- drug effects KW - Nervous System -- growth & development KW - Child KW - Risk KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Lead Poisoning -- complications KW - Nervous System Diseases -- blood KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80105885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+the+developmental+neurotoxicity+of+lead.&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1990-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative approaches to human risk assessment for noncancer health effects. AN - 80102953; 2234540 AB - The estimation of risk for health effects due to chemical exposure is important to the development of standards for regulating the manufacture, use and release of chemicals into the environment. The quantitative data used to develop risk estimates usually come from laboratory animal studies employing relatively high dose levels. Thus, both interpolation from high to low dose levels and extrapolation from laboratory animals to humans are required. The approach most widely used for noncancer end points is to determine the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for the critical effect and then apply uncertainty factors (UFs) to account for scientific uncertainties in the total data base, such as response variability within and between species, the lack of chronic exposure data, the lack of a NOAEL, etc. The resulting value is a reference dose (RfD), i.e., the dose at or below which there is unlikely to be any excess risk. One difficulty with the NOAEL/UF approach is that it does not provide a basis for estimating risk at doses above the RfD; thus, if the exposure assessment indicates that human exposure is above the RfD, there is no way to judge the risk of that exposure. Alternative quantitative approaches for risk estimation of noncancer end points have been proposed and include both statistical and biologically-based dose-response modeling. Research is currently underway to further develop and explore the application of such approaches. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Kimmel, C A AD - Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 189 EP - 198 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Models, Biological KW - Risk KW - Environmental Health -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80102953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+approaches+to+human+risk+assessment+for+noncancer+health+effects.&rft.au=Kimmel%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1990-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Qualitative and quantitative comparability of human and animal developmental neurotoxicants: a workshop summary. AN - 80102741; 1978270 AB - A Workshop on the Qualitative and Quantitative Comparability of Human and Animal Developmental Neurotoxicity was held in Williamsburg, Va. on April 11-13, 1989. Based upon data presented at the Workshop, the degree of qualitative and quantitative comparability between data obtained from humans and experimental animals is reviewed for several developmental neurotoxicants (lead, agents of abuse, alcohol, PCBs, phenytoin, methylmercury, and ionizing radiation). Qualitative comparability was considered for the following functional categories: motor development and function, cognitive function, sensory function, motivation/arousal behavior, and social behavior. Quantitative comparability was assessed by comparing administered dose as well as measures of internal dose (e.g., blood levels) for selected agents. Comparability of qualitative changes between humans and rodents was most apparent when comparisons were made on the basis of general categories of behavioral function. These data support the use of animal models in assessing risk for developmental neurotoxicants and provide guidance on the types of functional end points that can be incorporated into a developmental neurotoxicity testing battery. Evidence of quantitative comparability was most apparent when an internal measure of dose (e.g., blood level) was used. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Rees, D C AU - Francis, E Z AU - Kimmel, C A AD - Health and Environmental Review Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 257 EP - 269 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80102741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Qualitative+and+quantitative+comparability+of+human+and+animal+developmental+neurotoxicants%3A+a+workshop+summary.&rft.au=Rees%2C+D+C%3BFrancis%2C+E+Z%3BKimmel%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-12-07 N1 - Date created - 1990-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mouse skin tumours and human lung cancer: relationships with complex environmental emissions. AN - 80092846; 2228143 AB - Mouse skin tumorigenesis has often been used to evaluate the tumorigenic effects of complex mixtures, including human respiratory carcinogens. This study examines the quantitative relationships between tumour induction in SENCAR mouse skin and the induction of respiratory cancer in man using four well established human respiratory carcinogens: emissions from coke ovens, roofing tar pots, diesel engines, and cigarettes. The tumour multiplicity data from mouse skin studies using extracts of particulates from each of the four emission sources are compared and their relative potencies to the coke oven sample are: coke oven:roofing tar:diesel:cigarette smoke condensate; 1.0:0.20:0.15:0.0011. Using the unit risk (the lifetime probability of respiratory cancer death due to a constant lifetime exposure of 1 microgram/m3 emissions in the inhaled air) to compare the potencies of the four emissions to human respiratory cancer, the relative potencies are: coke oven:roofing tar:diesel:cigarette smoke: 1.0:0.39:0.075:0.0024. When fitted to a linear regression, the mouse skin tumour data and human lung cancer risks were highly associated, with a correlation constant of 0.95 and a slope value of 0.89. The close association suggests that this comparative potency approach can be used in prospective analyses of human respiratory cancer risk to complex emissions, and several examples are proposed. In addition, the similarity of the chemical and toxicological characteristics of complex mixtures is discussed with regard to the prospective use of the comparative potency approach. JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Nesnow, S AD - Carcinogenesis and Metabolism Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 44 EP - 54 IS - 104 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Mice KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80092846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Mouse+skin+tumours+and+human+lung+cancer%3A+relationships+with+complex+environmental+emissions.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=104&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1990-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic activity profiles--application in assessing potential carcinogenicity of complex environmental mixtures. AN - 80088816; 2228145 AB - Some knowledge of the potential genetic activity of a complex environmental mixture may be gained from an assessment of the genetic activity of its component chemicals. The expanded genetic activity profile (GAP) data-base provides a computer-generated graphic representation of genetic bioassay data as a function of dose of the substance tested. In addition, the atmospheric chemical compound (ACC) data-base contains information on chemical structures, properties, detection methods and sources of chemicals found in ambient air. Using the combined data-bases, information on the quantity of an individual chemical present within a mixture or fraction of a mixture may be related to the quantity (lowest effective dose; LED) of the chemical required to demonstrate a positive response in one or more genetic bioassays. Alternatively, quantitative information on the carcinogenic potency of each individual compound (TD50 value) may be related to the quantity present in the mixture or mixture fraction and used to calculate the percent human exposure dose/rodent potency dose (HERP) for the chemical. Using an additivity assumption, a conservative estimate of potential carcinogenic hazard for the mixture may be calculated based on the HERP indices for its chemical components. This conceptual approach is limited by the relatively small number of chemicals identified in complex mixtures for which genetic toxicology and animal cancer data exist. JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Waters, M D AU - Claxton, L D AU - Stack, H F AU - Graedel, T E AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Genetic Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 75 EP - 88 IS - 104 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Computer Simulation KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Models, Biological KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80088816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Genetic+activity+profiles--application+in+assessing+potential+carcinogenicity+of+complex+environmental+mixtures.&rft.au=Waters%2C+M+D%3BClaxton%2C+L+D%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BGraedel%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=104&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1990-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Complex mixtures of urban air pollutants: identification and comparative assessment of mutagenic and tumorigenic chemicals and emission sources. AN - 80087123; 2228123 AB - Current research on the cancer risks of complex mixtures of urban air pollutants addresses the identification and comparative assessment of mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals and emission sources. To identify genotoxic compounds in urban air, micromutagenesis methods are coupled to analytical fractionation and new chemical characterization methods. Among polar mutagenic compounds, many appeared to be nitrated and or oxygenated aromatic compounds. Source apportionment of the mutagenic activity observed in urban air shows that vehicles and residential heating are major contributors to the ambient mutagenicity of the aerosol fraction. Comparative tumorigenesis and DNA adduct dosimetry studies are also being conducted with these same combustion emission sources and urban aerosols. The potential hazard and sources of the gaseous emissions have not been determined, but appear to be significantly increased by atmospheric transformation by ozone and nitrogen oxides. JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Lewtas, J AU - Gallagher, J AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Genetic Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 252 EP - 260 IS - 104 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagens KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Urban Health KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80087123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Complex+mixtures+of+urban+air+pollutants%3A+identification+and+comparative+assessment+of+mutagenic+and+tumorigenic+chemicals+and+emission+sources.&rft.au=Lewtas%2C+J%3BGallagher%2C+J&rft.aulast=Lewtas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=104&rft.spage=252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1990-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perspectives and future directions for genetic risk assessment. AN - 80022174; 2209563 JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Dellarco, V L AU - Rhomberg, L AU - Shelby, M D AD - Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 132 EP - 134 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - Translocation, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Germ Cells -- drug effects KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Ethylene Oxide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80022174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Perspectives+and+future+directions+for+genetic+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Dellarco%2C+V+L%3BRhomberg%2C+L%3BShelby%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Dellarco&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1990-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of the mutagenicity of ethylene oxide. AN - 80021536; 2209569 AB - Ethylene oxide has been shown to be an effective mutagen in a variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to mammalian cells. There is also an association between ethylene oxide exposure and human somatic cell cytogenetic damage. Furthermore, ethylene oxide has been shown to alkylate protein and DNA at exposure levels that have been encountered occupationally. Ethylene oxide is not only effective at producing somatic cell mutations but also at inducing genetic damage in germ cells. While it is clear that ethylene oxide is a germ cell mutagen in whole mammals, the mechanism(s) by which it produces genetic lesions in germ cells is uncertain. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Dellarco, V L AU - Generoso, W M AU - Sega, G A AU - Fowle, J R AU - Jacobson-Kram, D AD - Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 85 EP - 103 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Germ Cells -- drug effects KW - Mutation KW - Ethylene Oxide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80021536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Review+of+the+mutagenicity+of+ethylene+oxide.&rft.au=Dellarco%2C+V+L%3BGeneroso%2C+W+M%3BSega%2C+G+A%3BFowle%2C+J+R%3BJacobson-Kram%2C+D&rft.aulast=Dellarco&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1990-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the Salmonella (Ames) test, umu tests, and the SOS Chromotests for detecting genotoxins. AN - 80020825; 2209576 AB - The limits of detection of 10 genotoxins representing 7 chemical classes with varying structures and modes of action were compared using the Ames test (Salmonella plate-incorporation test) with 2 tester strains, 2 standard colorimetric methods (the umu test and SOS Chromotest), and modifications of the umu and SOS Chromotests developed during the course of this study. The purpose of the study was to determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of each of the six methods. The sensitivities of the methods were compared using two criteria: the concentrations required for doubling responses, and the minimum concentrations required to produce statistically significant increases from background controls. The Ames test with strains TA98 and TA100 was ranked as the most sensitive method more often than the others, but the results indicated that the umu tests were statistically equivalent to the Ames test. The original SOS Chromotest kit method was highly sensitive in detecting the direct acting genotoxins, but neither SOS test was as sensitive as the other methods in detecting indirect acting genotoxins. The umu microtiter plate test is the least expensive of the assays and would be the most suitable for screening large numbers of environmental samples. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - McDaniels, A E AU - Reyes, A L AU - Wymer, L J AU - Rankin, C C AU - Stelma, G N AD - Microbiology Research Division, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 204 EP - 215 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Rats KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mutation KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - SOS Response (Genetics) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80020825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+Salmonella+%28Ames%29+test%2C+umu+tests%2C+and+the+SOS+Chromotests+for+detecting+genotoxins.&rft.au=McDaniels%2C+A+E%3BReyes%2C+A+L%3BWymer%2C+L+J%3BRankin%2C+C+C%3BStelma%2C+G+N&rft.aulast=McDaniels&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-11-21 N1 - Date created - 1990-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). AN - 79965047; 2392459 JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Schoeny, R AU - Patterson, J AU - Swartout, J AU - Tuxen, L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 257 EP - 266 VL - 340E SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Government Agencies KW - Information Systems -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79965047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+Integrated+Risk+Information+System+%28IRIS%29.&rft.au=Schoeny%2C+R%3BPatterson%2C+J%3BSwartout%2C+J%3BTuxen%2C+L&rft.aulast=Schoeny&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=340E&rft.issue=&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1990-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagens in chlorinated water. AN - 79963313; 2203024 JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Meier, J R AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 11 EP - 19 VL - 340E SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Furans KW - Mutagens KW - Water Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone KW - 77439-76-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Furans -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79963313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=Mutagens+in+chlorinated+water.&rft.au=Meier%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=340E&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1990-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure activity analysis of azo dyes and related compounds. AN - 79963156; 2203001 JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Claxton, L D AU - Walsh, D B AU - Esancy, J F AU - Freeman, H S AD - Genetic Bioassay Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 11 EP - 22 VL - 340B SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Azo Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Molecular Structure KW - Software KW - Information Systems KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Coloring Agents -- pharmacology KW - Azo Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79963156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=Structure+activity+analysis+of+azo+dyes+and+related+compounds.&rft.au=Claxton%2C+L+D%3BWalsh%2C+D+B%3BEsancy%2C+J+F%3BFreeman%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Claxton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=340B&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1990-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subacute and subchronic toxicity of ethylene glycol administered in drinking water to Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 79916405; 2379473 AB - Subacute (10-day) and subchronic (90-day) toxicity studies of ethylene glycol (EG) were conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to provide the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Drinking Water with toxicity data for final preparation of a Health Advisory for the chemical. Ethylene glycol was administered in drinking water at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0% for both sexes in the 10-day study. Based on a projected consumption rate of 100 ml/kg/day, the respective doses on a mg/kg/day basis would be 554, 1108, 2216, and 4432. These dose levels were also used in the 90-day study for females, but dose levels for the males in the 90-day study were 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (227, 554, 1108, and 2216 mg/kg/day). At time of sacrifice necropsies were performed and tissues were prepared for histological evaluation. Blood samples were taken for hematology and clinical chemistry determinations. Body weights were measured weekly. Water and food consumption were determined three times weekly. No mortality occurred in the 10-day study. In the 90-day study 8/10 females and 2/10 males in the high dose group died prior to sacrifice. Body weights were suppressed in a dose response fashion for males and females. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, and leukocytes were all significantly decreased in female rats receiving 4% EG for 10 days. The most significant histopathological findings, seen predominantly in males, were kidney lesions which included calcium oxalate crystals in tubules and pelvic epithelium; tubular dilation and degeneration; intratubular proteinaceous material; and inflammation in tubules and pelvic epithelium. At the same dose of ethylene glycol, males had more kidney lesions and much higher incidence and severity of lesions than the females. JF - Drug and chemical toxicology AU - Robinson, M AU - Pond, C L AU - Laurie, R D AU - Bercz, J P AU - Henningsen, G AU - Condie, L W AD - Environmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 43 EP - 70 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0148-0545, 0148-0545 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Calcium Oxalate KW - 2612HC57YE KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Kidney Diseases -- pathology KW - Blood Chemical Analysis KW - Sex Factors KW - Calcium Oxalate -- analysis KW - Blood Cell Count KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Ethylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Ethylene Glycols -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79916405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Subacute+and+subchronic+toxicity+of+ethylene+glycol+administered+in+drinking+water+to+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+M%3BPond%2C+C+L%3BLaurie%2C+R+D%3BBercz%2C+J+P%3BHenningsen%2C+G%3BCondie%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1990-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic activity profiles in the testing and evaluation of chemical mixtures. AN - 79897063; 1973853 AB - Some knowledge of the potential genetic activity of a complex environmental mixture may be gained from an assessment of the genetic activity of its component chemicals. The expanded Genetic Activity Profile (GAP) data base provides a computer-generated graphic representation of genetic bioassay data as a function of dose of the substance tested. In addition, the Atmospheric Chemical Compound (ACC) data-base contains information on chemical structures, properties, detection methods, and sources of chemicals found in ambient air. Using the combined data bases, the quantity of an individual chemical present within a mixture or fraction of a mixture may be related to the quantity (lowest effective dose, LED) of the chemical, by itself, required to demonstrate a positive response in one or more genetic bioassays. JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - Waters, M D AU - Claxton, L D AU - Stack, H F AU - Brady, A L AU - Graedel, T E AD - Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 147 EP - 164 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Information Systems KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79897063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Genetic+activity+profiles+in+the+testing+and+evaluation+of+chemical+mixtures.&rft.au=Waters%2C+M+D%3BClaxton%2C+L+D%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BBrady%2C+A+L%3BGraedel%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-08-30 N1 - Date created - 1990-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current status of the Gene-Tox Program. AN - 79880143; 2371300 JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Auletta, A E AU - Kier, L D AU - Mitchell, A D AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 273 EP - 281 VL - 340D SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Mutagens -- classification KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- standards KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79880143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=Current+status+of+the+Gene-Tox+Program.&rft.au=Auletta%2C+A+E%3BKier%2C+L+D%3BMitchell%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Auletta&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=340D&rft.issue=&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1990-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytogenetic analyses of mice exposed to dichloromethane. AN - 79858491; 2357975 AB - Chromosome damage was studied in female B6C3F1 mice exposed to dichloromethane (DCM) by subcutaneous or inhalation treatments. No increase in the frequency of either sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) or chromosome aberrations (CAs) in bone marrow cells was observed after a single subcutaneous injection of 2,500 or 5,000 mg/kg DCM. Inhalation exposure to DCM for 10 days at concentrations of 4,000 or 8,000 ppm resulted in significant increases in frequencies of SCEs in lung cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, CAs in lung and bone marrow cells, and micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood erythrocytes. Lung cell CAs and blood erythrocyte MN reached frequencies of approximately two times control levels. Following a 3-month inhalation exposure to 2,000 ppm DCM, mice showed small but significant increases in lung cell SCEs and peripheral blood erythrocyte MN. These findings suggest that genotoxicity may play a role in the carcinogenicity of DCM in the lungs of B6C3F1 female mice. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Allen, J AU - Kligerman, A AU - Campbell, J AU - Westbrook-Collins, B AU - Erexson, G AU - Kari, F AU - Zeiger, E AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 221 EP - 228 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Animals KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Kinetics KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange -- drug effects KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Female KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- toxicity KW - Methylene Chloride -- toxicity KW - Lung -- cytology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Chromosomes -- drug effects KW - Methylene Chloride -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79858491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Cytogenetic+analyses+of+mice+exposed+to+dichloromethane.&rft.au=Allen%2C+J%3BKligerman%2C+A%3BCampbell%2C+J%3BWestbrook-Collins%2C+B%3BErexson%2C+G%3BKari%2C+F%3BZeiger%2C+E&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-07-31 N1 - Date created - 1990-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary function, airway responsiveness, and respiratory symptoms in asthmatics following exercise in NO2. AN - 79805086; 2349573 AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine respiratory responses of persons with asthma performing intermittent moderate exercise while exposed to low concentrations of NO2. In the first, preliminary experiment, 13 male subjects, aged 19-35, with mild asthma were exposed on separate days in a chamber (natural breathing, 20 degrees C, 40% RH) to 0.30 ppm NO2 and to a control or "clean air" exposure (0.0 ppm NO2). Exposure included three 10-min periods of moderate treadmill exercise (VE = 44.5 liter/min), each followed by symptom measurement and pulmonary function testing. The average decrease in FEV1 following the initial 10 min exercise in 0.30 ppm was 11% which was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than that observed in clean air (7%). Differences in FVC and SRaw were not significantly different at this time. Slight cough and dry mouth and throat were apparent only after the first exercise in NO2. After the second and third exercises, decreases in FEV1 and FVC and increases in SRaw were significantly greater in 0.30 than in 0.0 ppm NO2. Individual subject responses were variable. These results suggested that some asthmatics who perform moderate exercise while exposed to 0.30 ppm NO2 may experience bronchoconstriction and reduction in spirometric performance. Because of these preliminary findings, a more comprehensive, concentration-response experiment was conducted. Twenty-one male volunteers with mild asthma were exposed for 75 min with natural breathing to 0.0, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 ppm NO2. Exposure included three 10-min periods of moderate treadmill exercise (VE = 43 liter/min), each exercise followed by symptoms measurement and pulmonary function testing. In addition, airway responsiveness was measured two hr after each exposure by methacholine bronchial challenge testing. In the control exposures (0.0 ppm NO2), the exercise alone caused substantial decrements in pulmonary function. These decrements (as measured by decreases in FEV1 and FVC, and increases in SRaw) were not increased relative to the control exposure after any exercise session in any concentration of NO2. Furthermore, there was no overall group-averaged indication of a concentration-related effect of the NO2 on pulmonary function. Likewise, symptoms reported after NO2 exposure were not significantly different from those reported in clean air. Group-averaged airway responsiveness after exercise in NO2 was also not different from responsiveness after exercise in clean air. For only two subjects was there any indication of a concentration-related increase in airway responsiveness due to exposure to NO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Roger, L J AU - Horstman, D H AU - McDonnell, W AU - Kehrl, H AU - Ives, P J AU - Seal, E AU - Chapman, R AU - Massaro, E AD - Clinical Research Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - January 1990 SP - 155 EP - 171 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Methacholine Compounds KW - 0 KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - S7G510RUBH KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Vital Capacity KW - Humans KW - Plethysmography, Whole Body KW - Adult KW - Cold Temperature KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Male KW - Airway Resistance -- drug effects KW - Nitrogen Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Exercise KW - Asthma -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79805086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+function%2C+airway+responsiveness%2C+and+respiratory+symptoms+in+asthmatics+following+exercise+in+NO2.&rft.au=Roger%2C+L+J%3BHorstman%2C+D+H%3BMcDonnell%2C+W%3BKehrl%2C+H%3BIves%2C+P+J%3BSeal%2C+E%3BChapman%2C+R%3BMassaro%2C+E&rft.aulast=Roger&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-07-09 N1 - Date created - 1990-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary effects due to subchronic exposure to oil fog. AN - 79804258; 2349572 AB - Male and in some cases female rats were exposed to an oil fog generated by flash vaporization and subsequent condensation of light-weight lubricating oil. Exposures were for 3.5 h/d, 4d/wk for 13 wk. Males were exposed at concentrations of 1.5, 0.5, 0.2 or 0.0 mg/l (1500, 500, 200, and 0 mg/m3) and a particle size of approximately 1 micron (mass median aerodynamic diameter). A number of biologic endpoints were assessed the day after the last exposure and, in some cases, after a 4 wk recovery period. Effects of 1.5 mg/l on male and female rats were compared. Diffuse accumulation of macrophages in the alveoli was observed in all oil fog exposed groups. The degree of severity was concentration dependent. Histopathologic changes were more prominent in males than in females and represented the most notable gender-related differences. Histologic effects observed one day and 4 wk post exposure were similar. Minimal histopathologic changes and minimal increase in lavage fluid protein were the only effects observed at the 0.2 mg/l exposure level. There was a significant increase in lavage fluid protein, percent lavagable polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lung wet and dry weight following exposure to both 0.5 and 1.5 mg/l. At the highest exposure concentration effects on lung weights were still evident 4 wk post exposure. Pulmonary function endpoints including total lung capacity, vital capacity, residual volume, diffusing capacity to CO, compliance, and end expiratory volume (EEV) were unaffected by oil fog exposure with the exception of EEV in males exposed at the 1.5 mg/l level. All of the changes observed following oil fog exposure were consistent with a mild inflammatory edema. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Selgrade, M K AU - Hatch, G E AU - Grose, E C AU - Stead, A G AU - Miller, F J AU - Graham, J A AU - Stevens, M A AU - Hardisty, J F AD - Inhalation Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - January 1990 SP - 123 EP - 143 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Petroleum KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Therapeutic Irrigation KW - Sex Factors KW - Particle Size KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Petroleum -- toxicity KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Lung Diseases -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79804258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+effects+due+to+subchronic+exposure+to+oil+fog.&rft.au=Selgrade%2C+M+K%3BHatch%2C+G+E%3BGrose%2C+E+C%3BStead%2C+A+G%3BMiller%2C+F+J%3BGraham%2C+J+A%3BStevens%2C+M+A%3BHardisty%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Selgrade&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-07-09 N1 - Date created - 1990-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retinoidal benzoic acids (arotenoids) and other retinoids inhibit in vitro transformation of epithelial cells. AN - 79752882; 2334135 AB - Five retinoids were evaluated for their ability to inhibit N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced transformation of primary rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells in culture. Two retinoidal benzoic acids (arotenoids), Ro 13-6298 and Ro 13-7410, suppressed the transformation frequency by 80-90% at 330 pM; 330 pM retinoic acid (RA) suppressed the transformation frequency by 50%. Retinol and retinyl acetate were tested at 33 nM and found to be much less effective than RA at this concentration. In studies with all retinoids, the amount of inhibition of spontaneously occurring transformed epithelial foci was greater than the amount of inhibition of foci that arose in response to carcinogen treatment. A biological difference between carcinogen-induced and spontaneously arising foci is suggested by this result. JF - Anticancer research AU - Mass, M J AD - Respiratory Carcinogenesis Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1990 SP - 241 EP - 245 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0250-7005, 0250-7005 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Benzoates KW - Retinoids KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine KW - 12H3O2UGSF KW - retinol acetate KW - 3LE3D9D6OY KW - ethyl-p-((E)-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid KW - 71441-09-3 KW - 4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid KW - 71441-28-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Vitamin A -- analogs & derivatives KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Vitamin A -- pharmacology KW - Trachea -- pathology KW - Trachea -- drug effects KW - Epithelium -- pathology KW - Male KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Retinoids -- pharmacology KW - Benzoates -- pharmacology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79752882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anticancer+research&rft.atitle=Retinoidal+benzoic+acids+%28arotenoids%29+and+other+retinoids+inhibit+in+vitro+transformation+of+epithelial+cells.&rft.au=Mass%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Mass&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anticancer+research&rft.issn=02507005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-06-07 N1 - Date created - 1990-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of salinity and temperature on acute toxicity of cadmium to Mysidopsis bahia molenock. AN - 79741000; 2331146 AB - Acute toxicity tests were conducted to compare estimates of toxicity, as modified by salinity and temperature, based on response surface techniques with those derived using conventional test methods, and to compare effect of a single episodic exposure to cadmium as a function of salinity with that of continuous exposure. Regression analysis indicated that mortality following continuous 96-hr exposure is related to linear and quadratic effects of salinity and cadmium at 20 degrees C, and to the linear and quadratic effects of cadmium only at 25 degrees C. LC50s decreased with increases in temperature and decreases in salinity. Based on the regression model developed, 96-hr LC50s ranged from 15.5 to 28.0 micrograms Cd/L at 10 and 30% salinities, respectively, at 25 degrees C; and from 47 to 85 micrograms Cd/L at these salinities at 20 degrees C. Trimmed Spearman-Karber method used in analysis of a second data set yielded estimates at 20 degrees C and 25 degrees C comparable to those of multiple regression analysis. At 30 degrees C, the 96-hr LC50 was less than 11 micrograms/L. The relationship of median tolerance to cadmium concentration and exposure time was related to the interaction of both factors and independent of salinity between 10 and 30% at 25 degrees C. The quadratic model predicts mortality of 50% following exposures of less than 12 hr to the highest concentration examined (92 micrograms/L). For exposure durations of 16 and 24 hr, 50% mortality is predicted to occur at 78 and 56 micrograms/Cd/L, respectively. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Voyer, R A AU - Modica, G AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882. PY - 1990 SP - 124 EP - 131 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Sodium Chloride KW - 451W47IQ8X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Temperature KW - Sodium Chloride -- toxicity KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Decapoda (Crustacea) -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79741000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+salinity+and+temperature+on+acute+toxicity+of+cadmium+to+Mysidopsis+bahia+molenock.&rft.au=Voyer%2C+R+A%3BModica%2C+G&rft.aulast=Voyer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1990-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The concept of activity profiles of antimutagens. AN - 79733144; 2183787 JF - Basic life sciences AU - Waters, M D AU - Brady, A L AU - Stack, H F AU - Brockman, H E AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 87 EP - 104 VL - 52 SN - 0090-5542, 0090-5542 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine KW - 12H3O2UGSF KW - Butylated Hydroxytoluene KW - 1P9D0Z171K KW - Butylated Hydroxyanisole KW - 25013-16-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Butylated Hydroxytoluene -- pharmacology KW - Mutagens -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Butylated Hydroxyanisole -- pharmacology KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79733144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Basic+life+sciences&rft.atitle=The+concept+of+activity+profiles+of+antimutagens.&rft.au=Waters%2C+M+D%3BBrady%2C+A+L%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BBrockman%2C+H+E&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Basic+life+sciences&rft.issn=00905542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-05-24 N1 - Date created - 1990-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of mouse liver tumor data in risk assessments performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. AN - 79683582; 2179964 AB - In summary, the EPA has begun to look critically at the induction of certain types of tumors in certain species, including liver tumors in mice. The controversy over the use of such tumor data in assessing the cancer risk for humans has been going on for some time. The present agency policy is to downgrade the weight of evidence for such data under certain conditions. Review of the cancer risk assessments for the 109 chemicals that the agency has formally verified shows that a variety of chemicals yield liver tumors in mice. However, one group of substances that consistently produced such tumors was chlorinated compounds (84%). Many of these compounds not only induced liver tumors in mice but also induced liver tumors in rats and/or other types of tumors in mice and rats. However, several of the chlorinated compounds produced only mouse liver tumors. Another group of compounds that often induced liver tumors in mice was nitrogen-containing compounds (aromatic amines, hydrazines, nitrosamines). These latter substances tended to not only induce liver tumors in mice but also a variety of other tumor types in a variety of species. Mouse liver tumor data have played a major role in the classification of substances in categories B2 and C. Fifty-six percent of the chemicals in category B2 and 40% in category C were classified based at least partially on the use of mouse liver tumor data. In addition, 21 of the 29 category B2 chemicals that produced liver tumors in mice and 5 of the 8 category C chemicals are chlorinated compounds. These two results indicate the importance of chlorinated compounds to the agency, and therefore, the importance of mouse liver tumor data in agency cancer risk assessments. JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Beal, D D AD - Oncology Branch, Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 5 EP - 18 VL - 331 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Mice KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79683582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=Use+of+mouse+liver+tumor+data+in+risk+assessments+performed+by+the+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency.&rft.au=Beal%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Beal&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=331&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermoregulatory effects of methanol in Fischer and Long Evans rats. AN - 79683431; 2314359 AB - While methanol neurotoxicity has been studied for decades, there are very few data available on the thermoregulatory effects of methanol exposure. This paper will present the results of three studies designed to assess the effects of methanol on body temperature and behavioral thermoregulation in Fischer and Long Evans rats. The first study measured the onset of body temperature changes following methanol exposure. Following gavage of 3 g/kg methanol (20% w/v in saline), brain temperature (Tbr) of Fischer rats decreased 1.5 degrees C within 35 min. A similar volume of saline led to transient increases in Tbr. A second study assessed the time course of changes in body temperature by measuring colonic temperature (Tc) hourly following IP injection of saline or 1 or 3 g/kg methanol. The highest dosage of methanol caused a significant hypothermia in both Fischer and Long Evans rats. The hypothermia reached its nadir in both strains at 1-2 hours and partially recovered within the 6 hour experiment. The third study measured the effects of methanol on behavioral thermoregulation. Fischer and Long Evans rats were gavaged with saline or 1-3 g/kg methanol and placed in a temperature gradient. After 90 min in the gradient, rats of both strains which received 2 or 3 g/kg methanol had a significantly lower Tc than control rats. However, the methanol-treated rats remained in the cool end of the gradient and did not prevent the hypothermic effect of the alcohol. The absence of an observed effect on behavioral temperature selection suggests that methanol may interfere with thermal sensation. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Mohler, F S AU - Gordon, C J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1990 SP - 41 EP - 45 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Methanol -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79683431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Thermoregulatory+effects+of+methanol+in+Fischer+and+Long+Evans+rats.&rft.au=Mohler%2C+F+S%3BGordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Mohler&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-26 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research opportunities and reducing uncertainty. AN - 79679109; 2315347 JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Farland, W H AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460 Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 409 EP - 414 VL - 331 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Neoplastic Stem Cells KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- etiology KW - Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79679109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=Research+opportunities+and+reducing+uncertainty.&rft.au=Farland%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Farland&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=331&rft.issue=&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nasal lavage as a tool in assessing acute inflammation in response to inhaled pollutants. AN - 79675354; 2315937 AB - The upper airway, especially the nose, is a major target of toxic damage. Nasal challenges followed by nasal lavage (NAL) have been applied to studies of hypersensitivity, in particular as a method to identify the allergen in patients with allergic situations such as rhinitis. The NAL method has not been extensively used to determine the effects of air pollutants on the upper airways in humans. Ozone is known to interact avidly with various tissues in the respiratory tract and to cause decrements in lung function tests. This oxidant pollutant has also been shown to induce inflammation in the lower airways of humans and animals. In this study, we have examined the effect of an acute (2 h) exposure of ozone at 0.4 ppm on the inflammatory response in the upper airways of 10 normal volunteers and compared these results to those obtained in the lower airways assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The results indicate significant increases in the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in NAL immediately post exposure (7.7-fold). This increase is still detectable 18 h post exposure (6-fold) which is similar to the increase of PMN in BAL. Tryptase, released by mast cells was also increased in the NAL fluid immediately post exposure (2-fold). While the albumin level, which is an indicator of epithelial cell permeability, was elevated 18 h post exposure (1.5-fold), tryptase level, was not anymore elevated at that time point. Interestingly, several other markers of acute inflammation such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), C3a, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (U-PA), which were found to be significantly elevated in the BAL of the same group of subjects (18 h post exposure), were not elevated in the NAL either immediately post or 18 h post exposure. The level of uric acid, thought to be an important anti-oxidant molecule, was also unchanged in the NAL fluid but was elevated in the BAL fluid. Collectively the data suggest that NAL may serve as a sensitive and reliable technique to detect inflammation in the upper airways of subjects exposed to ozone. Moreover, in the case of this particular oxidant pollutant, the NAL seems to mirror the inflammatory response in the lower airways, 18 h post exposure, relative to the number of PMN and albumin levels. JF - Toxicology AU - Koren, H S AU - Hatch, G E AU - Graham, D E AD - Clinical Research Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. PY - 1990 SP - 15 EP - 25 VL - 60 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Albumins KW - Biomarkers KW - Glycoproteins KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- immunology KW - Albumins -- analysis KW - Therapeutic Irrigation KW - Neutrophils KW - Glycoproteins -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Adult KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Leukocyte Count KW - Rhinitis -- chemically induced KW - Nasal Mucosa -- immunology KW - Nasal Mucosa -- drug effects KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79675354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Nasal+lavage+as+a+tool+in+assessing+acute+inflammation+in+response+to+inhaled+pollutants.&rft.au=Koren%2C+H+S%3BHatch%2C+G+E%3BGraham%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Koren&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1990-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-activity relationships in the developmental toxicity of substituted phenols: in vivo effects. AN - 79643004; 2305374 AB - Hansch analysis, a quantitative approach relating the physical-chemical properties of molecules to biological effects, was applied to a series of substituted phenols tested for developmental toxicity. The physical-chemical properties included a hydrophobic parameter (log P), an electronic parameter (Hammett sigma), and a bulk parameter (molar refractivity (MR]. Biological activities (potencies) were obtained for 27 congeners in a Chernoff/Kavlock Assay performed in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed on day 11 of gestation. The potencies discussed in this report are the following: the dose to decrease maternal weight gain by 10 g at 24 and 72 hours after treatment (MTOX1 and MTOX2); the dose to increase postimplantation loss by 1 over the concurrent control value (PLOSS); and the dose required to decrease total litter weight by 10% on postnatal day 6 (BIO6). A quantitative structure-activity relationship QSAR was developed for the maternal data (1/MTOX1 = (0.0344*log P) + (-0.1503*sigma) + 0.1195; n = 22, r = 0.81, P less than .0001), which related increasing lipophilicity and decreasing electron-withdrawing ability of the substituent on 22 para-phenols to increasing toxicity. Another QSAR was developed from eight para-phenols that had the greatest postimplantation loss potencies (i.e., less than 100 mmol/kg). The model (1/PLOSS = (-0.2676*log P) + (-0.1827*sigma) + (0.0265*MR) + 0.4420; n = 8, r = 0.93, P less than .0298) related decreasing lipophilicity and electron-withdrawing ability and increasing bulk properties to the decreased viability of implantation sites. However, no descriptor was identified that distinguished the more potent from the less potent congeners for postimplantation loss, and no QSAR was found for litter weight on postnatal day 6 (even when limiting the analysis to the more potent congeners). Congeners were also grouped on a qualitative level according to whether they induced a biological effect below a dose of 6 mmol/kg (termed active), between 6 and 11 mmol/kg (moderately active), or greater than 11 mmol/kg (inactive). Overall, 14 of 27 congeners were classified as active in terms of maternal effects, but only 50% of these were active for developmental effects. Seven of the nine overall active developmental toxicants were active maternal toxicants. Four of the developmental toxicants produced a syndrome of effects that may be related to a similar mechanism of action or common metabolic pathway. Thus, from both quantitative and qualitative viewpoints, the properties of these phenolic congeners that promote maternal toxicity are different from those that contribute to developmental toxicity. It is therefore likely that the mechanisms of toxicity behind these effects are also different. JF - Teratology AU - Kavlock, R J AD - Developmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - January 1990 SP - 43 EP - 59 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Phenols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Embryo Implantation -- drug effects KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Rats, Inbred Strains -- embryology KW - Phenols -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79643004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Structure-activity+relationships+in+the+developmental+toxicity+of+substituted+phenols%3A+in+vivo+effects.&rft.au=Kavlock%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Kavlock&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-03-27 N1 - Date created - 1990-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of prophage lambda by chlorophenols. AN - 79598175; 2137084 AB - Chlorinated phenols, which are used primarily as wood preservatives and fungicides, are present in most air, water, and soil samples in industrialized areas as well as in the urine of most people. We have examined the ability of phenol and the 19 isomers of chlorophenol to induce DNA damage using the Microscreen prophage-induction assay in Escherichia coli. Seven of the isomers (2,3,4,-tri, 2,4,5-tri, 3,4,5-tri, 2,3,4,5-tetra, 2,3,6-tri, 2,4,6-tri, and pentachlorophenol) induced prophage lambda in the presence of S9, with the first three being approximately 10 times more potent than the last three. The more potent isomers have either one or no chlorine atom ortho to the OH group; whereas the less potent isomers have two chlorine atoms ortho to the OH group. Although none of the 20 compounds is mutagenic in Salmonella, the prophage-induction results agree with findings by others that most of these seven isomers are clastogenic, are associated with cancer and chromosomal aberrations in humans (pentachlorophenol), and are carcinogenic in rodents (2,4,6-tri and pentachlorophenol). A likely basis for the genotoxicity of the seven isomers involves the metabolism of the parent isomer to a chlorohydroquinone, which can form a chlorobenzosemiquinone in the presence of oxygen. These two metabolites can produce free radicals that can cause DNA strand breaks, resulting in prophage induction in E. coli or, possibly, the chromosomal aberrations/cancer associated with human exposure to chlorophenols. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - DeMarini, D M AU - Brooks, H G AU - Parkes, D G AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Chlorophenols KW - 0 KW - Phenols KW - Phenol KW - 339NCG44TV KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Viral Plaque Assay KW - DNA Damage KW - Isomerism KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Virus Activation -- drug effects KW - Chlorophenols -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Bacteriophage lambda -- drug effects KW - Bacteriophage lambda -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79598175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+prophage+lambda+by+chlorophenols.&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+D+M%3BBrooks%2C+H+G%3BParkes%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=DeMarini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-23 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Passive smoking, air pollution, and acute respiratory symptoms in a diary study of student nurses. AN - 79589308; 2297188 AB - A cohort of approximately 100 student nurses in Los Angeles was recruited for a diary study of the acute effects of air pollution. Smoking histories and presence of asthma and other allergies were determined by questionnaire. Diaries were completed daily and collected weekly for as long as 3 yr. Air pollution was measured at a monitoring location within 2.5 miles of the school. Incidence and duration of a symptom were modeled separately. Pack-years of cigarettes were predictive of the number of episodes of coughing (p less than 0.0001) and of bringing up phlegm (p less than 0.0001). Current smoking, rather than cumulative smoking, was a better predictor of the duration of a phlegm episode (p less than 0.0001). Controlling for personal smoking, a smoking roommate increased the risk of an episode of phlegm (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, p less than 0.001), but not of cough. Excluding asthmatics (who may be medicated), increased the odds ratio for passive smoking to 1.76 (p less than 0.0001). In logistic regression models controlling for temperature and serial correlation between days, an increase of 1 SD in carbon monoxide exposure (6.5 ppm) was associated with increased risk of headache (OR = 1.09, p less than 0.001), photochemical oxidants (7.4 pphm) were associated with increased risk of chest discomfort (OR = 1.17, p less than 0.001) and eye irritation (OR = 1.20 p less than 0.001), and nitrogen dioxide (9.1 pphm) was associated with increased risk of phlegm (OR = 1.08 p less than 0.01), sore throats (OR = 1.26, p less than 0.001), and eye irritation (OR = 1.16, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The American review of respiratory disease AU - Schwartz, J AU - Zeger, S AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - January 1990 SP - 62 EP - 67 VL - 141 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0805, 0003-0805 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79589308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+review+of+respiratory+disease&rft.atitle=Passive+smoking%2C+air+pollution%2C+and+acute+respiratory+symptoms+in+a+diary+study+of+student+nurses.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J%3BZeger%2C+S&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+review+of+respiratory+disease&rft.issn=00030805&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methoxychlor accelerates embryo transport through the rat reproductive tract. AN - 79588595; 2296764 AB - The estrogenic pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) is known to reduce implantation, and, in our previous work, this reduction has been attributed to a direct effect on uterine function. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of MXC on embryo transport rate, another phenomenon that is vulnerable to estrogenic effects. MXC was administered by gavage, at 0, 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg/day, to groups of rats on Days 1-3 of pregnancy (Day 0 = sperm positive), and the distribution of embryos in the oviducts and uteri of animals was assessed at five time intervals prior to implantation. No effect of MXC was detected by the afternoon of Day 1. On Days 2 and 3 of pregnancy, 200 and 500 mg/kg/day MXC were found to accelerate embryo transport into the uterus; the 500 mg/kg/day dosage also reduced the total number of embryos recovered from the tract. On the third day, 100 mg/kg/day MXC also accelerated embryo transport to the uterus and 200 mg/kg/day MXC reduced total embryo recovery. Until the afternoon of Day 3, most control embryos remained in the oviduct. These data demonstrate that MXC produces a dose-dependent acceleration of embryo transport through the female reproductive tract. When compared with previous work, the current data indicate that such an acceleration is the primary cause of MXC-induced preimplantation embryonic loss when exposure occurs after fertilization. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Cummings, A M AU - Perreault, S D AD - Developmental Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - January 1990 SP - 110 EP - 116 VL - 102 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Embryonic Development -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Estrus -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Embryonic Development -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Blastocyst -- physiology KW - Blastocyst -- drug effects KW - Methoxychlor -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79588595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Methoxychlor+accelerates+embryo+transport+through+the+rat+reproductive+tract.&rft.au=Cummings%2C+A+M%3BPerreault%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality and air pollution in London: a time series analysis. AN - 79533644; 2403468 AB - The relation between air pollution and mortality in London was examined for the winters of 1958-1972. The data exhibited a high degree of autocorrelation, requiring analyses using autoregressive models. There was a highly significant relation between mortality and either particulate matter or sulfur dioxide (after controlling for temperature and humidity), both overall and in each individual year. Graphic analysis revealed a nonlinear relation with no threshold, and a steeper exposure-response curve at lower air pollution levels. In models with both pollutants, particulate matter remained a significant predictor with about a 10% reduction in its estimated coefficients, while sulfur dioxide was insignificant, with a large drop in its estimated coefficient. The authors conclude that particulates are strongly associated with mortality rates in London, and the relation is likely causal. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Schwartz, J AU - Marcus, A AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460. Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - January 1990 SP - 185 EP - 194 VL - 131 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Smoke KW - 0 KW - Sulfur Dioxide KW - 0UZA3422Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - London -- epidemiology KW - Smoke -- adverse effects KW - Regression Analysis KW - Probability KW - Sulfur Dioxide -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Temperature KW - Sulfur Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Smoke -- analysis KW - Humidity KW - Models, Statistical KW - Mortality KW - Air Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Air Pollution -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79533644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Mortality+and+air+pollution+in+London%3A+a+time+series+analysis.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J%3BMarcus%2C+A&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1990-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Mar 15;133(6):631-3 [2053962] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of an insect growth regulator on the larval development of an estuarine shrimp. AN - 79531979; 15092301 AB - The influence of methoprene, an insect growth regulator used in mosquito control, on larval development of the estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) was examined in the laboratory. No grass shrimp larvae successfully completed metamorphosis when continuously exposed to 1000 microg methoprene litre(-1). Completion of larval metamorphosis was significantly reduced by exposure to 100 microg litre(-1) of the isomeric mixture (R,S)-methoprene but not the single isomer formulation (S)-methoprene. No statistically significant difference was revealed, however, in ability to inhibit metamorphosis between these two isomeric types across the broad range of exposure concentrations from 0.1 to 1000.0 microg litre(-1). The first two larval stages and the final premetamorphic larval stage were more sensitive to methoprene toxicity than intermediate larval stages. Methoprene exposure did not alter either the duration of total larval development or the total number of larval stages prior to metamorphosis. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - McKenney, C L AU - Matthews, E AD - US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, USA. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 169 EP - 178 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79531979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Influence+of+an+insect+growth+regulator+on+the+larval+development+of+an+estuarine+shrimp.&rft.au=McKenney%2C+C+L%3BMatthews%2C+E&rft.aulast=McKenney&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-related differences in DNA adduct levels in rodent tissues following skin application of complex mixtures from air pollution sources. AN - 79528430; 2403860 AB - Dose-related differences in the binding of DNA reactive intermediates for three environmentally important complex mixture particulate extracts and a well-studied carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), were examined in female C-57 mice following multiple topical treatments ranging from 1 to 120 mg/mouse. Particulate extracts from coke oven, coal soot and diesel exhaust were selected as model complex mixtures based on short-term mutagenicity assays, animal bioassays for carcinogenicity or epidemiological studies, where increased incidences of lung cancer in exposed populations were detected. Positive and negative control animals were treated with 1.2 mg BaP or acetone respectively. DNA was isolated from skin, lung and liver 24 h following the last application and analyzed for DNA adducts using the nuclease P1 version of the 32P-postlabeling assay. Each of the particulate extracts produced distinct patterns of DNA adducts. A diagonal zone of radioactivity, presumably representing multiple putative DNA adducts, was observed for coke-oven, coal-soot- and diesel-modified DNA samples. One adduct, common to all three complex-mixture-modified DNA samples, co-migrated with the major BaP adduct observed following treatment with BaP alone. Based on the BaP concentration for each of the extracts it seems unlikely that this adduct is derived from BaP alone. It is possible that an adduct is formed with chromatographic properties similar to the major BaP-derived adduct detected in mice treated with BaP alone. This adduct was detected in all tissues examined and represented approximately 12-34% of the total number of adducts detected within the diagonal radioactive zone for all coke-oven- and coal-soot-exposed tissues (skin, lung and liver). In contrast, this adduct represented 49-67% of the total radioactivity recovered from the diagonal zone of DNA isolated from lungs of animals exposed to diesel extract. The highest total number of adducts resulted from the metabolism of coke oven extract followed by coal soot and diesel treatments respectively. A dose-dependent increase in adduct formation was observed for all tissues in the diesel- and coal-soot-treatment mice. Liver and lung, but not skin, DNA adduct levels increased in a dose-dependent manner in the coke-oven-treated mice. The percentage of dose administered, detected as DNA adducts increased in all tissues as the dose decreased for all three complex mixtures. These data have important implications for risk assessment of these complex mixtures. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Gallagher, J E AU - Jackson, M A AU - George, M H AU - Lewtas, J AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - January 1990 SP - 63 EP - 68 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Radioisotope Dilution Technique KW - Organ Specificity KW - Mice KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Female KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Skin -- pathology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79528430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Dose-related+differences+in+DNA+adduct+levels+in+rodent+tissues+following+skin+application+of+complex+mixtures+from+air+pollution+sources.&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+J+E%3BJackson%2C+M+A%3BGeorge%2C+M+H%3BLewtas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1990-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1990-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of Chlorinated Organics During Solid Waste Combustion AN - 754892574; 13511152 AB - The formation mechanisms of the precursors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) were examined in a laboratory reactor. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were studied between 200 and 800C with HCl, Cl sub(2), and phenol as reactants in a simulated flue gas containing oxygen. Analysis of the reactor effluent showed that homogeneous phase production of chlorophenols and non-chlorinated dioxin and dibenzopdioxin and dibenzofuran, benzofuran potential precursors to PCDD and PCDF, was related to HCl concentration, reaching a maximum formation level around 650C. However, Cl sub(2) produced a greater variety of chlorinated aromatics at levels over three orders of magnitude greater than with HCl, with product concentrations reaching maximum formation levels around 350C. Heterogeneous tests at 450C using a CuCl catalyst increased formation of chlorinated organics and PCDDs and identified the major chlorinating reactant to be Cl sub(2). JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Gullett, Brian K AU - Bruce, Kevin R AU - Beach, Laura O AD - United States Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 203 EP - 214 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - Environment Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Chlorinated organics KW - dioxins KW - furans KW - mechanisms KW - chlorine KW - hydrochloric acid KW - combustion KW - municipal waste KW - copper chloride KW - Deacon process. KW - Chlorophylls KW - solid wastes KW - Solid impurities KW - Flue gas KW - Wastes KW - Effluents KW - Dioxins KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Phenols KW - Combustion KW - Oxygen KW - PCDF KW - Catalysts KW - PCDD KW - Aromatics KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754892574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.atitle=Formation+of+Chlorinated+Organics+During+Solid+Waste+Combustion&rft.au=Gullett%2C+Brian+K%3BBruce%2C+Kevin+R%3BBeach%2C+Laura+O&rft.aulast=Gullett&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0734242X9000800137 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorophylls; Solid impurities; Wastes; Catalysts; Effluents; Aromatics; Phenols; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Oxygen; solid wastes; Flue gas; PCDF; Dioxins; PCDD; Combustion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242X9000800137 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation of bottom sediment contamination at Waukegan Harbor, Illinois AN - 753849496; 2010-068584 JF - Program and Abstracts - International Association for Great Lakes Research AU - Ross, P E AU - Burnett, L C AU - Davis, C AU - Nolan, C AU - Hamelink, J Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 84 PB - International Association for Great Lakes Research (IAGLR), [location varies] VL - 33 KW - United States KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - North America KW - Illinois KW - pollutants KW - PCBs KW - pollution KW - remediation KW - organic compounds KW - Lake Michigan KW - Lake County Illinois KW - sediments KW - lacustrine environment KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - Great Lakes KW - Waukegan Harbor KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/753849496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+International+Association+for+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.atitle=Remediation+of+bottom+sediment+contamination+at+Waukegan+Harbor%2C+Illinois&rft.au=Ross%2C+P+E%3BBurnett%2C+L+C%3BDavis%2C+C%3BNolan%2C+C%3BHamelink%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+International+Association+for+Great+Lakes+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - The 33rd conference of the International Association for Great Lakes Research N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03999 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chlorinated hydrocarbons; Great Lakes; halogenated hydrocarbons; Illinois; lacustrine environment; Lake County Illinois; Lake Michigan; North America; organic compounds; PCBs; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sediments; United States; Waukegan Harbor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Environmental Protection Agency's Radon Action Program AN - 52384449; 2000-023039 JF - The Pennsylvania Academy of Science Book Publications AU - Oge, Margo AU - Dickson, Mark A2 - Majumdar, Shyamal K. A2 - Schmalz, Robert F. A2 - Miller, E. Willard Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 331 EP - 341 PB - Pennsylvania Academy of Science, Easton, PA VL - 13 KW - soils KW - programs KW - concentration KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - migration of elements KW - preventive measures KW - urban environment KW - detection KW - buildings KW - surveys KW - risk assessment KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52384449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pennsylvania+Academy+of+Science+Book+Publications&rft.atitle=The+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+Radon+Action+Program&rft.au=Oge%2C+Margo%3BDickson%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Oge&rft.aufirst=Margo&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=0945809034&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Pennsylvania+Academy+of+Science+Book+Publications&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 65th annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences, symposium on Environmental radon N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05135 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - buildings; concentration; detection; government agencies; migration of elements; monitoring; pollutants; pollution; preventive measures; programs; regulations; risk assessment; soils; surveys; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; urban environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geology and mineralogy of the Hawkins Branch tin occurrence in the Inner Piedmont Belt of North Carolina, USA AN - 51865494; 2004-026849 JF - Proceedings of the Quadrennial IAGOD Symposium AU - Rowe, William D, Jr AU - Boyle, R W Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 54 PB - E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Naegele u. Obermiller), Stuttgart VL - 8 KW - United States KW - mineral deposits, genesis KW - gneisses KW - syngenesis KW - North America KW - tin ores KW - schists KW - Inner Piedmont KW - stratiform deposits KW - Appalachians KW - metamorphism KW - IGCP KW - cassiterite KW - diagenesis KW - North Carolina KW - metamorphic rocks KW - metal ores KW - oxides KW - mineralization KW - Hawkins Branch Deposit KW - mobilization KW - Piedmont KW - 27A:Economic geology, geology of ore deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51865494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Quadrennial+IAGOD+Symposium&rft.atitle=Geology+and+mineralogy+of+the+Hawkins+Branch+tin+occurrence+in+the+Inner+Piedmont+Belt+of+North+Carolina%2C+USA&rft.au=Rowe%2C+William+D%2C+Jr%3BBoyle%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Rowe&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Quadrennial+IAGOD+Symposium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 8th IAGOD symposium in conjunction with international conference on Mineral deposits modeling N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - IGCP Project No. 282 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #01168 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; cassiterite; diagenesis; gneisses; Hawkins Branch Deposit; IGCP; Inner Piedmont; metal ores; metamorphic rocks; metamorphism; mineral deposits, genesis; mineralization; mobilization; North America; North Carolina; oxides; Piedmont; schists; stratiform deposits; syngenesis; tin ores; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term monitoring for aquatic effects of acidic deposition; an approach to regionalizing information from existing monitoring sites AN - 51659682; 2005-076594 JF - Texte - Umweltbundesamt AU - Ford, Jesse AU - Young, Tom AU - Stoddard, John AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 95 EP - 105 PB - Umweltbundesamt, Berlin VL - 22 SN - 0722-186X, 0722-186X KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - concentration KW - sulfate ion KW - monitoring KW - data acquisition KW - surface water KW - statistical analysis KW - lakes KW - data processing KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - hydrochemistry KW - environmental analysis KW - preventive measures KW - acid rain KW - multivariate analysis KW - conservation KW - acidification KW - heterogeneity KW - geochemistry KW - rain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51659682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Texte+-+Umweltbundesamt&rft.atitle=Long-term+monitoring+for+aquatic+effects+of+acidic+deposition%3B+an+approach+to+regionalizing+information+from+existing+monitoring+sites&rft.au=Ford%2C+Jesse%3BYoung%2C+Tom%3BStoddard%2C+John%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Texte+-+Umweltbundesamt&rft.issn=0722186X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 5th meeting of the Programme Task Force of the International co-operative programme on Assessment and monitoring of acidification of rivers and lakes N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid rain; acidification; atmospheric precipitation; concentration; conservation; data acquisition; data processing; environmental analysis; geochemistry; heterogeneity; hydrochemistry; hydrology; lakes; monitoring; multivariate analysis; preventive measures; rain; statistical analysis; sulfate ion; surface water; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Late Quaternary geomorphic evolution of the Cronese basins, California; implications for synchronous geomorphic responses in desert basins of Southern California and Nevada AN - 50356622; 1993-012666 JF - Quarterly of San Bernardino County Museum Association AU - Brown, William J AU - Reynolds, Jennifer Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 22 PB - San Bernardino County Museum Association, [Redlands, CA] VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0195-864X, 0195-864X KW - United States KW - lacustrine features KW - East Cronese Lake KW - Quaternary KW - West Cronese Lake KW - landform evolution KW - lakes KW - changes of level KW - Cenozoic KW - California KW - Southern California KW - upper Quaternary KW - fluvial features KW - drainage basins KW - Mojave River KW - Nevada KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50356622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+of+San+Bernardino+County+Museum+Association&rft.atitle=Late+Quaternary+geomorphic+evolution+of+the+Cronese+basins%2C+California%3B+implications+for+synchronous+geomorphic+responses+in+desert+basins+of+Southern+California+and+Nevada&rft.au=Brown%2C+William+J%3BReynolds%2C+Jennifer&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quarterly+of+San+Bernardino+County+Museum+Association&rft.issn=0195864X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fourth annual symposium of the Mojave Desert Quaternary Research Center N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA] N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; Cenozoic; changes of level; drainage basins; East Cronese Lake; fluvial features; lacustrine features; lakes; landform evolution; Mojave River; Nevada; Quaternary; Southern California; United States; upper Quaternary; West Cronese Lake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paleoecological investigation of Recent lake acidification in the northern Great Lakes states AN - 50313770; 1993-043574 JF - Journal of Paleolimnology AU - Kingston, J C AU - Cook, R B AU - Kreis, R G, Jr AU - Camburn, K E AU - Norton, S A AU - Sweets, P R AU - Binford, M W AU - Mitchell, M J AU - Schindler, S C AU - Shane, L C K AU - King, G A Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 153 EP - 201 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 0921-2728, 0921-2728 KW - United States KW - thallophytes KW - North America KW - Plantae KW - Quaternary KW - algae KW - Holocene KW - Cenozoic KW - pollen KW - diatoms KW - palynomorphs KW - miospores KW - Great Lakes KW - acidification KW - northern Great Lakes KW - geochemistry KW - land use KW - Midwest KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50313770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.atitle=Paleoecological+investigation+of+Recent+lake+acidification+in+the+northern+Great+Lakes+states&rft.au=Kingston%2C+J+C%3BCook%2C+R+B%3BKreis%2C+R+G%2C+Jr%3BCamburn%2C+K+E%3BNorton%2C+S+A%3BSweets%2C+P+R%3BBinford%2C+M+W%3BMitchell%2C+M+J%3BSchindler%2C+S+C%3BShane%2C+L+C+K%3BKing%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Kingston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.issn=09212728&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 106 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 12 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes 2 appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidification; algae; Cenozoic; diatoms; geochemistry; Great Lakes; Holocene; land use; Midwest; miospores; North America; northern Great Lakes; palynomorphs; Plantae; pollen; Quaternary; thallophytes; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen isotope systematics of eclogite mineral phases from South Africa AN - 50305104; 1993-043959 AB - Eleven eclogite xenoliths from the Bobbejaan and Roberts Victor mines, South Africa, have been characterized by a variety of geochemical techniques. The samples include nine bimineralic eclogites and two grospydites that span the range of mantle eclogite major-element compositions. Isotopic values (delta (super 18) O) range from +4.0 to +7.8 for clinopyroxene and +3.6 to +7.2 for garnet. Differences in isotopic values between the primary phases (DELTA = clinopyroxene minus garnet) range in value from - 0.6 to +0.6. Although oxygen isotopes are not expected to fractionate at mantle T, the anion electrostatic site potential values determined by Smyth are consistent with small degrees of fractionation in the mantle. The re-equilibration T of the studied eclogite suite is 1050-1250 degrees C at 30 kbar, and the obtained isotopic differences between the mineral phases are consistent with calculated isotopic fractionation values. The data obtained for eclogite oxygen isotopes suggest that (super 18) O may fractionate to a small extent at mantle P-T conditions. JF - Lithos AU - Caporuscio, F A A2 - Okrusch, M. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 203 EP - 210 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 25 IS - 1-3 SN - 0024-4937, 0024-4937 KW - silicates KW - oxygen KW - isotopes KW - isotope ratios KW - garnet group KW - O-18/O-16 KW - stable isotopes KW - nesosilicates KW - pyroxene group KW - clinopyroxene KW - Southern Africa KW - metamorphic rocks KW - inclusions KW - orthosilicates KW - Africa KW - South Africa KW - fractionation KW - xenoliths KW - eclogite KW - chain silicates KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 05A:Igneous and metamorphic petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50305104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lithos&rft.atitle=Oxygen+isotope+systematics+of+eclogite+mineral+phases+from+South+Africa&rft.au=Caporuscio%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Caporuscio&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lithos&rft.issn=00244937&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0024-4937%2890%2990015-S L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00244937 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Third international eclogite conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom | Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - LITHAN N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; chain silicates; clinopyroxene; eclogite; fractionation; garnet group; inclusions; isotope ratios; isotopes; metamorphic rocks; nesosilicates; O-18/O-16; orthosilicates; oxygen; pyroxene group; silicates; South Africa; Southern Africa; stable isotopes; xenoliths DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(90)90015-S ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Greenhouse effect, sea level rise, and barrier islands; case study of Long Beach Island, New Jersey AN - 50303761; 1993-041812 JF - Coastal Management AU - Titus, James G Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 65 EP - 90 PB - Taylor & Francis, New York-Philadelphia-London VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0892-0753, 0892-0753 KW - United States KW - case studies KW - barrier islands KW - seawalls KW - shorelines KW - Long Beach Island KW - New Jersey KW - greenhouse effect KW - changes of level KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50303761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coastal+Management&rft.atitle=Greenhouse+effect%2C+sea+level+rise%2C+and+barrier+islands%3B+case+study+of+Long+Beach+Island%2C+New+Jersey&rft.au=Titus%2C+James+G&rft.aulast=Titus&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Coastal+Management&rft.issn=08920753&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1993-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CZMJBF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - barrier islands; case studies; changes of level; greenhouse effect; Long Beach Island; New Jersey; seawalls; shorelines; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paleolimnology of McNearney Lake; an acidic lake in northern Michigan AN - 50284585; 1994-005399 JF - Journal of Paleolimnology AU - Cook, Robert B AU - Kreis, Russell G, Jr AU - Kingston, John C AU - Camburn, Keith E AU - Norton, Stephen A AU - Mitchell, Myron J AU - Fry, Brian AU - Shane, Linda C K Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 13 EP - 34 PB - Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht - Boston - London VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 0921-2728, 0921-2728 KW - United States KW - thallophytes KW - lacustrine features KW - Plantae KW - northern Michigan KW - Quaternary KW - Michigan Upper Peninsula KW - lakes KW - algae KW - Holocene KW - Cenozoic KW - diatoms KW - paleolimnology KW - Chippewa County Michigan KW - sulfur KW - acidic composition KW - trace metals KW - Michigan KW - McNearney Lake KW - pH KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50284585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.atitle=Paleolimnology+of+McNearney+Lake%3B+an+acidic+lake+in+northern+Michigan&rft.au=Cook%2C+Robert+B%3BKreis%2C+Russell+G%2C+Jr%3BKingston%2C+John+C%3BCamburn%2C+Keith+E%3BNorton%2C+Stephen+A%3BMitchell%2C+Myron+J%3BFry%2C+Brian%3BShane%2C+Linda+C+K&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.issn=09212728&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 94 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acidic composition; algae; Cenozoic; Chippewa County Michigan; diatoms; Holocene; lacustrine features; lakes; McNearney Lake; Michigan; Michigan Upper Peninsula; northern Michigan; paleolimnology; pH; Plantae; Quaternary; sulfur; thallophytes; trace metals; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid extraction and chemical fixation of metal-contaminated soil AN - 50187532; 1995-011149 JF - Superfund ... Proceedings of the National Conference AU - Yeh, Hsin H AU - Sachdev, Dev R AU - Singerman, Joel A AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 739 EP - 744 PB - Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Silver Spring, MD VL - 11 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Cold Spring New York KW - fixation KW - cobalt KW - Superfund KW - pollutants KW - soil treatment KW - pollution KW - acid extraction KW - remediation KW - New York KW - metals KW - nickel KW - cadmium KW - Putnam County New York KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50187532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.atitle=Acid+extraction+and+chemical+fixation+of+metal-contaminated+soil&rft.au=Yeh%2C+Hsin+H%3BSachdev%2C+Dev+R%3BSingerman%2C+Joel+A%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Yeh&rft.aufirst=Hsin&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 11th national conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03534 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid extraction; cadmium; cobalt; Cold Spring New York; fixation; metals; New York; nickel; pollutants; pollution; Putnam County New York; remediation; soil treatment; soils; Superfund; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conducting remedial investigations/feasibility studies at CERCLA municipal landfill sites AN - 50187372; 1995-011103 JF - Superfund ... Proceedings of the National Conference AU - Cange, Susan M AU - Rendall, John D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 47 EP - 51 PB - Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Silver Spring, MD VL - 11 KW - Superfund KW - landfills KW - theoretical models KW - pollution KW - risk assessment KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - feasibility studies KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50187372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.atitle=Conducting+remedial+investigations%2Ffeasibility+studies+at+CERCLA+municipal+landfill+sites&rft.au=Cange%2C+Susan+M%3BRendall%2C+John+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Cange&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 11th national conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03534 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - feasibility studies; ground water; landfills; leaching; pollution; remediation; risk assessment; Superfund; theoretical models; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatability studies on soil contaminated with heavy metals, thiocyanates, carbon disulfate, other volatile and semivolatile organic compounds AN - 50186558; 1995-011148 JF - Superfund ... Proceedings of the National Conference AU - Hokanson, Sarah AU - Sukol, Roxanne Breines AU - Giti-Pour, Steve AU - McNelly, Greg AU - Barth, Edwin, III AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 730 EP - 738 PB - Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Silver Spring, MD VL - 11 KW - United States KW - soils KW - organic materials KW - stabilization KW - experimental studies KW - carbon disulfate KW - Delaware KW - Halby Chemical site KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - laboratory studies KW - volatiles KW - organic compounds KW - flotation KW - New Castle County Delaware KW - Wilmington Delaware KW - volatile organic compounds KW - thiocyanates KW - leaching KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50186558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.atitle=Treatability+studies+on+soil+contaminated+with+heavy+metals%2C+thiocyanates%2C+carbon+disulfate%2C+other+volatile+and+semivolatile+organic+compounds&rft.au=Hokanson%2C+Sarah%3BSukol%2C+Roxanne+Breines%3BGiti-Pour%2C+Steve%3BMcNelly%2C+Greg%3BBarth%2C+Edwin%2C+III%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hokanson&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=730&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 11th national conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 13 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03534 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon disulfate; Delaware; experimental studies; flotation; Halby Chemical site; heavy metals; laboratory studies; leaching; New Castle County Delaware; organic compounds; organic materials; pollutants; pollution; soils; stabilization; thiocyanates; United States; volatile organic compounds; volatiles; Wilmington Delaware ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Active site discovery using a geographic information system AN - 50186060; 1995-011102 JF - Superfund ... Proceedings of the National Conference AU - Morgenstern, Karl A AU - Witt, Peter V AU - Flood, Deborah AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 35 EP - 41 PB - Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Silver Spring, MD VL - 11 KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - Superfund KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - Oregon KW - geographic information systems KW - Willamette Basin KW - risk assessment KW - information systems KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - waste disposal KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50186060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.atitle=Active+site+discovery+using+a+geographic+information+system&rft.au=Morgenstern%2C+Karl+A%3BWitt%2C+Peter+V%3BFlood%2C+Deborah%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Morgenstern&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 11th national conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 8 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03534 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geographic information systems; ground water; hazardous waste; hydraulic conductivity; information systems; Oregon; pollution; risk assessment; Superfund; United States; waste disposal; Willamette Basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of creosote-contaminated groundwater on slurry cutoff wall soil backfill AN - 50185603; 1995-011138 JF - Superfund ... Proceedings of the National Conference AU - Chang, Kou-Roung AU - Ingra, Thomas S AU - Griswold, Robert M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 439 EP - 445 PB - Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Silver Spring, MD VL - 11 KW - United States KW - soils KW - backfill KW - pollutants KW - creosote KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - Saint Tammany Parish Louisiana KW - movement KW - Slidell Louisiana KW - Louisiana KW - permeability KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50185603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+creosote-contaminated+groundwater+on+slurry+cutoff+wall+soil+backfill&rft.au=Chang%2C+Kou-Roung%3BIngra%2C+Thomas+S%3BGriswold%2C+Robert+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kou-Roung&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 11th national conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03534 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - backfill; creosote; ground water; Louisiana; movement; permeability; pollutants; pollution; Saint Tammany Parish Louisiana; Slidell Louisiana; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Groundwater remediation at a Superfund site AN - 50185579; 1995-011135 JF - Superfund ... Proceedings of the National Conference AU - Krishnan, P AU - Siebers, Deborah L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 420 EP - 424 PB - Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Silver Spring, MD VL - 11 KW - United States KW - organic materials KW - Superfund KW - pollutants KW - Rock Creek Village KW - Ashtabula County Ohio KW - pollution KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - organic compounds KW - water treatment KW - hydrocarbons KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Ohio KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50185579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.atitle=Groundwater+remediation+at+a+Superfund+site&rft.au=Krishnan%2C+P%3BSiebers%2C+Deborah+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 11th national conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 9 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03534 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; Ashtabula County Ohio; ground water; hydrocarbons; Ohio; organic compounds; organic materials; pollutants; pollution; remediation; Rock Creek Village; Superfund; United States; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of a microfiltration technology to treat groundwater contaminated with metals AN - 50184238; 1995-011136 JF - Superfund ... Proceedings of the National Conference AU - Topudurti, Kirankumar AU - Labunski, Stanley AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 425 EP - 432 PB - Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Silver Spring, MD VL - 11 KW - United States KW - hazardous waste KW - zinc KW - Palmerton Pennsylvania KW - Superfund KW - pollutants KW - Carbon County Pennsylvania KW - pollution KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - metals KW - water treatment KW - Pennsylvania KW - discharge KW - microfiltration technology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50184238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+a+microfiltration+technology+to+treat+groundwater+contaminated+with+metals&rft.au=Topudurti%2C+Kirankumar%3BLabunski%2C+Stanley%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Topudurti&rft.aufirst=Kirankumar&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 11th national conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03534 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon County Pennsylvania; discharge; ground water; hazardous waste; metals; microfiltration technology; Palmerton Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania; pollutants; pollution; remediation; Superfund; United States; water treatment; zinc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Analytical Support Project (FASP) use in a site characterization for removal; on-site laboratory support to optimize use of analytical results for subsurface sampling and monitoring well placement AN - 50182769; 1995-011110 JF - Superfund ... Proceedings of the National Conference AU - Yerian, Tracy AU - Mandel, Robert AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 261 EP - 265 PB - Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, Silver Spring, MD VL - 11 KW - wells KW - United States KW - toxic materials KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - Field Analytical Support Project KW - pollution KW - ground water KW - California KW - laboratory studies KW - Kern County California KW - Arvin California KW - FASP KW - risk assessment KW - water wells KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50182769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.atitle=Field+Analytical+Support+Project+%28FASP%29+use+in+a+site+characterization+for+removal%3B+on-site+laboratory+support+to+optimize+use+of+analytical+results+for+subsurface+sampling+and+monitoring+well+placement&rft.au=Yerian%2C+Tracy%3BMandel%2C+Robert%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Yerian&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Superfund+...+Proceedings+of+the+National+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 11th national conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1995-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 9 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03534 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arvin California; California; experimental studies; FASP; Field Analytical Support Project; ground water; Kern County California; laboratory studies; monitoring; pollution; risk assessment; toxic materials; United States; water wells; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colloidal considerations in groundwater sampling and contaminant transport predictions. AN - 25590988; 2001-34-002400 (CE); 0107584 (EN) AB - The association of contaminants with suspended colloidal material in groundwater is a possible transport mechanism and a complicating factor for accurate estimations of the aqueous geochemistry of subsurface systems. Research to date indicates colloidal facilitated transport of contaminants in groundwaters, surface waters, and in the unsaturated zone. If continued research shows colloidal transport of contaminants to be significant, sampling methods and transport models must consider and be sensitive to this transport and reaction mechanism. JF - Nuclear Safety AU - Puls, R W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PY - 1990 SP - 58 EP - 65 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0029-5604, 0029-5604 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Colloids KW - Contaminants KW - Groundwater KW - Mathematical models KW - Sampling KW - Reaction mechanisms KW - Accuracy KW - Geochemistry KW - Nuclear safety KW - Sampling methods KW - Article KW - EE 444:WATER RESOURCES KW - EE 481:GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS KW - EE 922:STATISTICAL METHODS (EN) KW - EE 453:WATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/25590988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Safety&rft.atitle=Colloidal+considerations+in+groundwater+sampling+and+contaminant+transport+predictions.&rft.au=Puls%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Puls&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nuclear+Safety&rft.issn=00295604&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of electrokinetics for hazardous waste site remediation AN - 24989719; 2001-31-003920 (CE); 0117085 (EN) AB - Recently, EPA, through the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program, issued a work assignment to assess the 'state-of-the-art' of electrokinetically enhanced contaminant removal from soils. Prior research efforts, both laboratory and field, have demonstrated that electroosmosis has the potential to be effective in facilitating the removal of certain types of hazardous wastes from soils. Particularly encouraging results have been achieved with inorganics in fine-grained soils where more traditional removal alternatives are less effective. Although the results of various studies suggest that electrokinetics is a promising technology, further testing is needed at both the laboratory and field levels to fully develop this technology for site remediation. A conceptual test program is presented based on best available data which incorporates system design and operating parameters used in previous applications of this technology in the use of electrokinetics treatment as a remediation technique at hazardous waste sites. JF - J AIR WASTE MANAGE ASSOC AU - Cabrera-Guzman, D AU - Swartzbaugh, J T AU - Weisman, A W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA PY - 1990 SP - 1670 EP - 1676 PB - Air & Waste Management Association, One Gateway Center, Third Floor, 420 Fort Duquesne Blvd , Pittsburgh, PA, 15222, USA, [mailto:aknopes@awma.org], [URL:http://www.awma.org] VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Electrokinetics KW - Remediation KW - Soils (types) KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Wastes KW - Pollution abatement KW - Design engineering KW - Contaminants KW - Article KW - EE 701:ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM KW - EE 942:ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS KW - EE 454:ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (EN) KW - EE 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - EE 483:SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATIONS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/24989719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE+ASSOC&rft.atitle=Use+of+electrokinetics+for+hazardous+waste+site+remediation&rft.au=Cabrera-Guzman%2C+D%3BSwartzbaugh%2C+J+T%3BWeisman%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Cabrera-Guzman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1670&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J+AIR+WASTE+MANAGE+ASSOC&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of natural and anthropogenic environmental change on white perch stock status in the Choptank River, Maryland AN - 20161414; 8691185 AB - A categorical time series regression model was developed to evaluate the importance of natural and anthropogenic environmental changes to the determination of white perch stock abundance in the Choptank River, Maryland. Ninety-one percent of the variability in historical stock size for the period 1929-1985 could be explained by a combination of April and May freshwater discharge level, parental stock size, and sewage loading lagged 2-3 and 9-10 years. Clearly most of the annual variability was associated with changes in natural environmental factors, but a significant, albeit, small portion of the variability in stock size was attributable to sewage loadings in the Choptank River. JF - Fisheries research AU - Summers, JKevin AU - Richkus, William A AU - Stroup, CFoster AU - Rugolo, Louis J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory,, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 255 EP - 268 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0165-7836, 0165-7836 KW - White perch KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Morone americana KW - Mathematical models KW - Sewage KW - Climatic changes KW - Abundance KW - Regression analysis KW - Man-induced effects KW - USA, Maryland, Choptank R. KW - Freshwater KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20161414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+research&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+natural+and+anthropogenic+environmental+change+on+white+perch+stock+status+in+the+Choptank+River%2C+Maryland&rft.au=Summers%2C+JKevin%3BRichkus%2C+William+A%3BStroup%2C+CFoster%3BRugolo%2C+Louis+J&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=JKevin&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries+research&rft.issn=01657836&rft_id=info:doi/doi%3A10.1016%2FS0165-7836%2805%2980005-0 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01657836 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter, Internet; (DBO; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01657836 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Sewage; Abundance; Climatic changes; Regression analysis; Man-induced effects; Morone americana; USA, Maryland, Choptank R.; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(05)80005-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global Effects of Tropical Deforestation: Towards an Integrated Perspective AN - 19156498; 9108598 AB - Deforestation of tropical moist forests is taking place at an alarming pace; some experts believe that the entire ecobiome will be virtually destroyed within the next ten years. The literature cited in this review article indicates that although the ultimate ecological effects of tropical deforestation remain controversial, our present scientific understanding is adequate to justify efforts to slow the deforestation trend. The impacts that this trend will probably have on global climate remain unclear, while the effects that it will have on biodiversity will clearly be disastrous. Until recently, calculations estimating the rate and extent of climatic change considered rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2 to be the principal factor responsible for atmospheric warming. It is now becoming increasingly clear, however, that increased anthropogenic emissions of radiatively important trace gases other than CO2, particularly N2O, CH4, and O3, will greatly speed the warming that has been projected from a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations alone. As is the case with CO2 emissions, conversion of tropical forests plays a significant role in the increasing burdens of these other 'greenhouse' gases. The research community should place a high priority on applying data on refugia (documented sites of high endemism and species richness) to conservation planning, and on investigating the probable combined effects of climatic change and habitat fragmentation on world biodiversity. (Doria-PTT) JF - Environmental Conservation EVCNA4, Vol. 17, No. 3, p 201-212, 1990. 3 fig, 3 tab, 76 ref. AU - Cook, A G AU - Janetos, A C AU - Hinds, W T AD - Global Change Research Program, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460 Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Climatic changes KW - Deforestation KW - Environmental effects KW - Global warming KW - Literature review KW - Rain forests KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Carbon cycle KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Hydrology KW - Methanogenesis KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Parks KW - Research priorities KW - Species diversity KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19156498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Global+Effects+of+Tropical+Deforestation%3A+Towards+an+Integrated+Perspective&rft.au=Cook%2C+A+G%3BJanetos%2C+A+C%3BHinds%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - USEPA Pollution Prevention Research Program AN - 19114009; 9105669 AB - The U.S. EPA pollution prevention program being carried out by the Office of Research and Development was discussed. Six fundamental goals of the program were identified: (1) Stimulate the development and use of products that result in reduced pollution; (2) Stimulate the development and implementation of technologies and processes that result in reduced pollution; (3) Expand the reusability and recyclability of wastes and products and the demand for recycled products; (4) Identify and promote the implementation of effective non-technological approaches to pollution prevention; (5) Establish a program of research that will anticipate and address future environmental problems and pollution prevention opportunities; and (6) Conduct a vigorous technology transfer and technical assistance program. In fiscal year 1989, several major, largely extramural programs were established within the Pollution Prevention Research Branch. The Waste Reduction Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (WRITE) was designed to identify, evaluate, and/or demonstrate the use of innovative engineering and scientific technologies to reduce the volume and/or toxicity of wastes. The WRITE Program has three sub- programs: The WRITE Pilot Program with State and Local Governments; the WRITE Program with Industry; and the WRITE Research Program. The Waste Reduction Evaluations at Federal Sites Program (WREAFS) consists of a series of demonstration and evaluation cooperative projects between USEPA and other federal agencies. The Waste Reduction Assessments Program (WRAP) encourages the industrial and commercial sector to actively seek out opportunities to reduce the generation of wastes. Other programs include the USEPA 's Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIC) and the Waste Reduction Institute for Scientists and Engineers (WRISE) established in cooperation with the University of Cincinnati. A list of sources to contact for more information is included. (See also W91-05668) (MacKeen-PTT) JF - Metal-Bearing Waste Streams: Minimizing, Recycling and Treatment , Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey. 1990. p 167-177. AU - Freeman, H M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Administrative agencies Environmental protection Federal KW - jurisdiction Metal-finishing wastes Water pollution control KW - Water quality management Air pollution control Environmental KW - Protection Agency Industrial wastes Local governments Recycling KW - Research priorities Waste management Waste reduction Water KW - pollution prevention KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19114009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=USEPA+Pollution+Prevention+Research+Program&rft.au=Freeman%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expanding the Role for the POU/POE Industry AN - 19111978; 9102817 AB - The point-of-use/point-of-entry (POU/POE) industry, along with the bottled water industry, is growing rapidly and has the prospect for continuing high growth for many years into the future. The Environmental Protection Agency believes that POU/POE devices can meet a variety of needs: helping consumers deal with taste and odor problems associated with chlorine and other disinfectants in the water; and dealing with the contamination of private and small water system wells. POU/POE vendors need to enhance and protect their credibility, by ensuring that they know exactly what contaminants of concern exist and that their devices will actually remove such contaminants effectively, and by providing more technical training for its staff and operators. POU/POE vendors and utilities should support each others ' roles, by discussing with each other how the industry might improve the quality of their sales techniques and marketing. The POU/POE industry would better serve public health by supporting the appropriate treatment of central water supplies to meet federal and state standards over the long run. (Fish-PTT) JF - Environmental Geology and Water Sciences EGWSEI, Vol. 16, No. 2, p 133-134, 1990. AU - Cook, M B AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water quality Water quality control Water treatment Chlorination KW - Marketing Odor control Organoleptic properties Public health KW - Taste Water quality standards KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19111978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Expanding+the+Role+for+the+POU%2FPOE+Industry&rft.au=Cook%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Point-of-Entry and Point-of-Use Devices for Meeting Drinking Water Standards AN - 19109029; 9105695 AB - The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986 require the EPA to set standards for 83 contaminants by June of 1989. Recognizing the difficulty that small drinking water supply systems would have complying with many of the new standards, EPA considered allowing a variety of decentralized approaches, including point-of-entry (POE) devices, point-of-use (POU) devices, and bottled water. Three options were discussed at a public hearing on decentralized approaches to drinking water treatment: (1) consider POE to be an acceptable means of compliance; (2) allow POE. POU, and bottled water as acceptable means of compliance; and (3) consider POE, POU, and bottled water to be best available technology (BAT) for small systems (less than 500 persons). After considering all public comments and through a variety of discussions at all levels of management , EPA decided that POE devices were suitable for compliance, but they were not BAT. It was also decided that POU and bottled water could be used as interim measures, but were not to be considered BAT or a means of compliance. Five criteria are necessary for compliance using POE: central control, effective monitoring, application of effective technology, maintenance of microbial safety, and protection of all consumers. It was concluded that the approach using POE devices may allow a cost effective means of compliance for small systems that have had the most violations of EPA 's drinking water standards. (See also W91-05694) (MacKeen-PTT) JF - Point-of-Use/Entry Treatment of Drinking Water. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey. 1990. p 4-9. 2 ref. AU - Clark, S W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water Point-of-entry water treatment Point-of-use water KW - treatment Regulations Safe Drinking Water Act Water quality KW - standards Water treatment Administrative agencies Administrative KW - regulations Bottled water Compliance Environmental Protection KW - Agency Legislation Water quality KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19109029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Point-of-Entry+and+Point-of-Use+Devices+for+Meeting+Drinking+Water+Standards&rft.au=Clark%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiological Studies of Granular Activated Carbon Point-of-Use Systems AN - 19108962; 9105710 AB - The microbiological characteristics of granular activated carbon (GAC) point-of-use (POU) filters were examined. It was found that heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) of the filtered water were generally higher in morning samples than in afternoon samples. Stagnation periods from several hours to several weeks resulted in significantly increased HPC levels in the test filters. The potential for colonization of filters was examined by innoculating the filters with pure culture suspension. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Citrobacter freundii were found to colonize the filters and persisted in the product water for time periods ranging from 5-156 days. Recommendations for use of POU home treatment devices include: use only on a microbiologically safe water supply; flush unit after prolonged quiescent period; change the filter cartridge at least as frequently as directed by the manufacturer; and adhere to the manufacturer 's maintenance recommendations. It was concluded that all GAC POU devices become generators of bacteria but the potential for adverse human health effects from ingestion of large numbers of HPC bacteria in water appears to be low. (See also W91-05694) (MacKeen-PTT) JF - Point-of-Use/Entry Treatment of Drinking Water. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey. 1990. p 81-83. 2 ref. AU - Reasoner, D J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Activated carbon Drinking water Microbiological studies KW - Point-of-entry water treatment Point-of-use water treatment KW - Public health Water quality Water treatment Bacteria Granular KW - activated carbon Heterotrophic bacteria Microorganisms KW - Performance evaluation Water quality standards KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19108962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microbiological+Studies+of+Granular+Activated+Carbon+Point-of-Use+Systems&rft.au=Reasoner%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Reasoner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Point-of-Use and Point-of-Entry Treatment Devices Used at Superfund Sites to Remediate Contaminated Drinking Water AN - 19108931; 9105718 AB - The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), referred to as the Superfund Law, provided broad federal authority and resources to investigate and respond to releases of hazardous substances. Over two-thirds of Superfund actions to date deal with a contaminated drinking water supply. Short-term alternatives to alleviate the danger of contaminated drinking water include bottled water, alternative water, point-of-use (POU) treatment devices, and point-of- entry (POE) treatment devices. A case history of the Byron Johnson Salvage Yard Superfund site, located in Byron, IL is presented. After EPA studies that documented groundwater contamination by volatile organic compounds, POU and POE treatment systems were installed in some areas. A second Superfund site, the Main Street Well Field in Elkhart, IN, was also discussed in detail. At homes where the water exhibited minor trichloroethylene contamination, or where municipal water hookup was not feasible, POU or POE treatment devices were installed. A number of pilot projects using POU/POE treatment devices at Superfund sites are underway. It is concluded that the use of POU/POE technology has gained wider acceptance in the remediation of hazardous waste sites where drinking water is contaminated. (See also W91-05694) (MacKeen-PTT) JF - Point-of-Use/Entry Treatment of Drinking Water. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey. 1990. p 118-128. 5 fig. AU - Bianchin, S L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water Illinois Indiana Point-of-entry water treatment KW - Point-of-use water treatment Site remediation Superfund Water KW - quality Water treatment Administrative agencies Byron Elkhart KW - Environmental Protection Agency Water quality standards KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19108931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Point-of-Use+and+Point-of-Entry+Treatment+Devices+Used+at+Superfund+Sites+to+Remediate+Contaminated+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Bianchin%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Bianchin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scientific Background for the Development of Regulations for Radionuclides in Drinking Water AN - 19106862; 9103367 AB - The occurrence, exposure, and risks posed by naturally occurring radionuclides in public drinking water supplies were examined. In the context of these data and considering the feasibility and cost of compliance, several regulatory approaches that could be implemented to protect public health were considered. The hypothetical, but realistic maximum contaminant levels for radon and uranium and the effect of these standards on reducing the health risks of drinking water caused by these two radionuclides were also examined. It is suggested that the flexibility of the Safe Drinking Water Act allows setting of the maximum contaminant levels for the regulation of radon 's and uranium 's alpha particle effects at levels that are not totally independent of each other, but that are interrelated such that maximum health benefits are achieved. To achieve this requires a policy that emphasizes a relatively stringent radon standard. It can be achieved by relaxing the uranium standard at little sacrifice to health, but with a large saving of resources. To justify this, these resources must then be used to reduce the considerably greater risk posed by radon. A net reduction in risk is achieved at no increased resource expenditure. It is noted that neither the uranium nor the radon maximum contaminant level is set at a level that significantly exceeds the level of risk considered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as being protective of public health. (See also W91-03366) (Author 's abstract) JF - Radon, Radium and Uranium in Drinking Water. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1990. p 1-16. 3 fig, 10 tab, 20 ref. AU - Cothern, R AU - Milvy, P AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water Legal aspects Legislation Radioisotopes KW - Regulations Water quality standards Water treatment Economic KW - aspects Public health Radioactivity effects Radon Risk KW - assessment Uranium KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19106862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Scientific+Background+for+the+Development+of+Regulations+for+Radionuclides+in+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Cothern%2C+R%3BMilvy%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cothern&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of Organic Acid Compounds to Sediments: Initial Model Development AN - 19105111; 9104144 AB - The adsorption to sediments and saturated soils of selected organic acid compounds, which significantly affects their movement and persistence in the environment, was examined as a function of compound and sediment properties. Intrinsic compound properties examined included the dissociation constant (pKa) and hydrophobic character. Properties of the sediment examined included ionic strength and composition, organic carbon content and aqueous phase pH. By varying these properties, adsorption of both the neutral and anionic forms of these compounds was shown to occur. Adsorption of the neutral species occurs similarly to that of other hydrophobic compounds that do not contain acidic functional groups. Adsorption of the anionic species to a specific sediment was modeled as a linearly dependent function of pH. Compounds used in the study included 2, 4-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC), 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid (silvex), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 4-chloro-a-(4- chlorophenyl)benzeneacetic acid (DDA) and 4-(2 ,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB). (Author 's abstract) JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ETOCDK, Vol. 9, No. 10, p 1259-1268, 1990. 7 fig, 3 tab, 16 ref. AU - Jafvert, C T AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Adsorption Fate of pollutants Mathematical models Model studies KW - Organic acids Path of pollutants Sediments Anions Dissociation KW - constant Hydrogen ion concentration Organic compounds Sediment KW - contamination Sorption KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19105111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+Organic+Acid+Compounds+to+Sediments%3A+Initial+Model+Development&rft.au=Jafvert%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Jafvert&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitigation and the Section 404 Program: A Perspective AN - 19102998; 9103271 AB - Although the basic language of Section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 has not changed substantially since the program 's inception, the program has evolved through revisions in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) Regulations and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Guidelines, and the judicial history of wetland case law. Compensatory replacement mitigation appeared early in the program as an attempt to replace loss of wetlands, at least on paper. It appeared in projects for which federal commenting agencies chose not to dispute issuance of a Corps permit. The EPA and the Corps are currently negotiating a joint mitigation policy, but there remains a difference of opinion between the agencies concerning how mitigation should be considered in the permitting process. It is the EPA 's position that the presumption that there are alternatives to the destruction of wetlands cannot be overcome by the applicant 's promise to create new wetlands. However, compensatory replacement mitigation may be appropriate for projects for which there are no practicable alternatives and all appropriate and practicable minimization has been required. There are three categories of proposed projects, those for which impacts are: (1) significant regardless of proposed mitigation, (2) significant unless sufficiently offset by mitigation, and (3) not significant. Consideration of the role of compensatory mitigation for projects which are not immediately rejected from further consideration because of the magnitude of the environmental losses must be made on a case-by-case basis. (See also W91-03244) (Author 's abstract) JF - Wetland Creation and Restoration: The Status of the Science. Island Press, Covelo, California. 1990. p 549-554, 10 ref. AU - Kruczynski, W L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Alternative planning Water law Water resources management KW - Wetland restoration Wetlands Compensation Environmental KW - engineering Environmental impact Governmental interrelations KW - Interagency cooperation Project planning Water resources KW - development KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19102998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mitigation+and+the+Section+404+Program%3A+A+Perspective&rft.au=Kruczynski%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Kruczynski&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Raid on Sanity: Policy and Economic Analysis of Radionuclide Removal from Drinking Water AN - 19102791; 9103374 AB - An overview of the presentation of summary risk-management data is given. This is the kind of data presented to decision makers when setting drinking-water standards; it is also the basis for public statements, press releases, and news stories. Although risk-management data can be explained, none of it can be confirmed as true. The basic techniques by which the analyst manipulates the data, the decision maker, and, therefore, reality are presented. Advice is given on either exposing the manipulators, thence gaining greater radon sanity, or on improving one 's manipulative skills, thus increasing chances of success in one 's own ' raid on sanity'. A few rules are given that can be used to distort or focus available data. These rules also underlie analysis of data and the selection of analytical methods. These rules are split into two groups: those dealing with the news media and those dealing directly with data presentation. To get a story onto the evening news or the front page of the newspaper empirically-derived press rules apply. The story should include as many of the following as possible: (1) harm, pain, suffering, or death; (2) big names, (3) big money; (4) sex; and (5) controversy. The second set of rules applies to the frame of reference used in analysis of risk and cost. The common approaches followed are (1) the ' Bounding Box Problem ' - -the problem of the appropriateness of the boundaries within which risk and cost analysis is done or presented; (2) data comparisons-- summary data are generally meaningless unless they are compared with other data familiar to the intended audience; (3) theoretical integrity-- there are limits, both practical and logical, to the use of theoretical constructs since they can be twisted or misused; and (4) accuracy and precision--characterizing uncertainty seems to be a forgotten concept (It is done through precision and accuracy; both are necessary). (See also W91-03366) (Agostine-PTT) JF - Radon, Radium and Uranium in Drinking Water. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1990. p 141-157. 1 fig, 7 tab, 3 ref. AU - Schnare, D W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water Economic aspects Policy making Public relations KW - Radon Risk assessment Water quality standards Water treatment KW - Administrative decisions Analytical methods Data interpretation KW - Marketing Political aspects Precision Public opinion Public KW - policy Uncertainty KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19102791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Raid+on+Sanity%3A+Policy+and+Economic+Analysis+of+Radionuclide+Removal+from+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Schnare%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Schnare&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban Storm-induced Discharge Impacts: US Environmental Protection Agency Research Program Review AN - 19099808; 9104322 AB - The effects of storm-induced discharges on receiving water aquatic organisms or other beneficial uses is very site-specific. It is therefore necessary to carefully design comprehensive, long-term studies to investigate urban runoff problems on a site-specific basis. Sediment transport, deposition, chemistry, and aquatic biology play key roles in urban receiving waters and need additional research. Two West Coast studies sponsored by the Storm and Combined Sewer program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency both found significant aquatic life beneficial use impairments in urban creeks, but the possible causes were quite different. The Coyote Creek (San Jose, California) study found major accumulations of toxic sediments in the urban reaches of the creek, while the Bellevue (Washington) study found very little toxic material in the sediments. The Bellevue urban creek had a very large carrying capacity for sediment and high flow rates which apparently flushed the toxic sediments through the creek and into Lake Washington. Fish kills were observed in Bellevue, but they were associated with illegal storm drain discharges during dry weather. The long-term aquatic life effects of urban runoff are probably more important than short-term effects associated with specific events, and are probably related to the deposition and resuspension of toxic sediments, or the inability of the aquatic organisms to adjust to repeated exposures to high concentrations of toxic materials or high flow rates. Long-term effects may only be expressed at great distances downstream from discharge locations, or in accumulating areas (lakes). (Fish-PTT) JF - Water Science and Technology WSTED4, Vol. 22, No. 10/11, p 1-7, 1990. 26 ref. AU - Pitt, R E AU - Field, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental impact Storm water Urban hydrology Urban runoff KW - Water pollution effects Administrative agencies Aquatic life KW - California Deposition Experimental design Flow rates Sediment KW - transport Storm sewers Urban watersheds Washington Water KW - chemistry Water pollution sources KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19099808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Urban+Storm-induced+Discharge+Impacts%3A+US+Environmental+Protection+Agency+Research+Program+Review&rft.au=Pitt%2C+R+E%3BField%2C+R&rft.aulast=Pitt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling Inactivation of Giardia lamblia AN - 19099553; 9102570 AB - Under the auspices of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) the US EPA has promulgated the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) requiring public water systems using surface water to provide minimum disinfection to control Giardia lamblia, enteric viruses , and bacteria. The C X t concept (concentration of disinfectant in mg/L times time in minutes) is used to establish the appropriate criteria for a surface system to achieve at least 99.9% inactivation of Giardia lamblia, and 99.99% inactivation for viruses. In the SWTR, an empirical equation was developed based on water temperature, pH, concentration of chlorine, and inactivation level, to predict required disinfection criteria (C X t values). This paper describes the development of an equation , based on Chick-Watson kinetics, that provides equivalent information but is theoretically more consistent. The equation can be used to predict C X t values for achieving 0.5 to 4 logs of inactivation, within temperature ranges of 0.5 to 5 C, chlorine concentrations up to 4 mg/L, and pH levels of 6 to 8. (Author 's abstract) JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering (ASCE) JOEEDU, Vol. 116, No. 5, p 837-853, 1990. 3 fig, 12 tab, 21 ref. AU - Clark, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Disinfection Giardia Mathematical equations Mathematical models KW - Regulations Standards Water treatment Bacteria Chlorination KW - Chlorine Hydrogen ion concentration Kinetics Model studies KW - Surface Water Treatment Rule Temperature Viruses KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19099553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+Inactivation+of+Giardia+lamblia&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of Uranium from Drinking Water by Conventional Treatment Methods AN - 19098162; 9103377 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency 's (EPA) drinking water regulations currently do not contain a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for uranium. Because uranium has not been regulated, treatment methods have not been extensively investigated nor has full-scale treatment been widely applied to water supplies. With the anticipation that a MCL would likely be established in the future, EPA has sponsored several uranium removal studies during the past 4-5 years. Since uranium can occur in both surface and groundwaters, treatment technologies have been evaluated to handle both types of waters. Conventional treatment technologies have been evaluated on either a laboratory of field-scale level, and a summary of their effectiveness is given. The results indicate that coagulation/filtration, lime softening, anion exchange, and reverse osmosis are capable of removing uranium down to the 1-5 microgram/L range. Although laboratory and pilot plant studies have been conducted to evaluate a variety of treatment methods, few full-scale systems have been built to remove uranium primarily because an uranium regulation has not been formally established. Data from full-scale conventional coagulation/filtration have shown uranium to be effectively removed, but the data are very limited and influent concentrations are generally very low. Several small anion exchange systems have been installed at schools, and these systems are performing very effectively. (See also W91-03366) (Agostine-PTT) JF - Radon, Radium and Uranium in Drinking Water. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1990. p 173-191. 11 fig, 7 tab, 17 ref. AU - Sorg, T J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water Radioisotopes Uranium Water quality standards KW - Water treatment Analytical methods Coagulation Field tests KW - Filtration Groundwater Ion exchange chromatography Maximum KW - contaminant levels Water softening KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19098162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Removal+of+Uranium+from+Drinking+Water+by+Conventional+Treatment+Methods&rft.au=Sorg%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Sorg&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Options to be Considered in Preparation and Evaluation of Mitigation Plans AN - 19096398; 9103272 AB - Consideration of compensatory mitigation should be confined to projects which comply with the Environmental Protection Agency 's Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines. The complexity of designing a successful mitigation plan is due to specific characteristics of many types of wetlands and the many options available at mitigation sites. The types of compensatory mitigation, in order of preference, are: restoration, creation, enhancement, exchange. Preservation should only be considered when the ecological benefits of preservation greatly outweigh the environmental losses of an unavoidable filling activity. A methodology based upon rating of the options has been developed to aid in the selection of an acceptable mitigation plan. In general, on-site, in-kind, up-front mitigation is the preferred option. However, other options may be acceptable based on availability of sites, plant material, and other variables. The proposed methodology should be used as a guide and not as the only criterion in decision making. Monitoring of mitigation sites is essential to demonstrate creation of functional wetland systems. The specific issues which should be explicitly addressed during the permit review process to improve the prospects of successful compensatory mitigation of wetland losses for projects which otherwise comply with the Section 404 Guidelines are: slopes and gradients, soils, plant material, hydrology, monitoring, timing, location, and community type. (See also W91-03244) (Author 's abstract) JF - Wetland Creation and Restoration: The Status of the Science. Island Press, Covelo, California. 1990. p 555-570, 1 fig, 1 tab , 3 ref. AU - Kruczynski, W L AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Alternative planning Artificial wetlands Water resources KW - management Wetland restoration Wetlands Compensation KW - Environmental engineering Environmental impact Evaluation KW - Monitoring Project planning Water law Water resources development KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19096398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Options+to+be+Considered+in+Preparation+and+Evaluation+of+Mitigation+Plans&rft.au=Kruczynski%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Kruczynski&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment and Discharge to a POTW: The Stringfellow Experience AN - 19096311; 9007633 AB - The Stringfellow Superfund site in Riverside, California received approximately 34 million gallons of industrial wastes from 1956 to 1972. The wastes were primarily from metal finishing, electroplating, and DDT production. A fast-track RI/FS was conducted in 1983-1984 and during this time contaminated groundwater was pumped at an average rate of 150 ,000 gallons per week. The water was routed to a series of holding tanks and then trucked to a Class I disposal facility. The water table aquifer had been contaminated to a point at least 4,000 feet down the canyon. High heavy metals concentrations were detected at monitoring wells located within the original disposal site and immediately downgradient. A wide range of organic pollutants was detected in groundwater downgradient of the disposal site, with trichloroethylene the main pollutant. Calculations indicated that downgradient private wells would be degraded to below potable water standards within a few years. An endangerment assessment indicated that interim extraction of contaminated groundwater was necessary prior to the completion of the full scale RI/FS. The remediation plan included onsite pretreatment, trucking effluent to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) for secondary treatment, and disposing of the pretreatment sludge at a Class I facility. The pretreatment standards were set by the POTW, utilizing existing standards for the metal finishing industry. The interim remedial actions have been incorporated into the final groundwater cleanup plan. (Tappert-PTT) JF - Water Environment & Technology WAETEJ Vol. 2, No. 1, p 37-43, January 1990. 3 fig, 3 tab. AU - Ullensvang, B J AU - Singh, U P AD - Environmental Protection Agency San Francisco, CA. Region IX Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - Jan 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Heavy metals KW - Industrial wastewater KW - Pretreatment of wastewater KW - Superfund KW - Wastewater disposal KW - Wastewater facilities KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Cleanup operations KW - Land disposal KW - Organic compounds KW - Organic solvents KW - Sludge KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Wastewater farming KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19096311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Treatment+and+Discharge+to+a+POTW%3A+The+Stringfellow+Experience&rft.au=Ullensvang%2C+B+J%3BSingh%2C+U+P&rft.aulast=Ullensvang&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Radionuclides in Drinking Water, a National Study AN - 19096135; 9103373 AB - The results of the National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS) are reviewed to develop some perspective on the national occurrence of radon in drinking water originating from groundwater sources. The study, which was conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is compared to previous experience. Included in the discussion are radium, radon, and uranium. The geographical scope of the survey included the United States, its territories and possessions. The universe of community groundwater supplies is inventoried in the EPA Federal Reporting Data System (FRDS) database. A random sample of 1000 sites, stratified into four population categories, was selected from this inventory. The actual sampling was done between July 1 , 1984, and October 331, 1986. Samples and site data were collected by state personnel regularly employed in sampling for monitoring drinking water quality. The physical samples were supplemented by collecting a variety of site information which included the following: (1) NIRS sample number, (2) FRDS public water supply identification number, (3) Location information, (4) Site information and (5) Well information (for individual wells in system). Despite the fact that a comprehensive study of the data has not yet been done, sufficient appraisal has been concluded to demonstrate that general agreement exists between NIRS and previous data. Extensive site and quality control information augmenting the results will permit the NIRS results to be used for a variety of purposes. The survey has yielded an important database that will complement existing information and assist understanding of the occurrence of radionuclides in the United States. (See also W91-03366) (Agostine-PTT) JF - Radon, Radium and Uranium in Drinking Water. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 1990. p 97-139. 8 fig, 11 tab, 8 ref. AU - Longtin, J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Data collections Distribution patterns Drinking water KW - Geochemistry Radioisotopes Surveys Water pollution sources KW - Baseline studies Geography Groundwater Political aspects Water KW - quality control Water quality standards KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19096135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Radionuclides+in+Drinking+Water%2C+a+National+Study&rft.au=Longtin%2C+J&rft.aulast=Longtin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Evaluation of the Leaching Potential of Aldicarb. Part 2. An Evaluation of Ground Water Monitoring Data AN - 19088895; 9007604 AB - Aldicarb was first found in groundwater in Suffolk County, New York, in the late 1970's. Since then, there has been a substantial amount of monitoring associated with aldicarb use on potatoes nationally and on citrus in Florida. A study to identify areas of the United States where aldicarb is likely to leach into groundwater included the results of 50,000 groundwater samples, of which 32% are positive and 13% exceed the EPA Health Advisory Level of 10 ppb. Positive findings are reported for 61 counties in 19 states, and findings above 10 ppb are reported for 31 counties in 11 states. Monitoring data associated with the use of aldicarb on potatoes in the Northeast and upper Midwest demonstrate the potential for aldicarb to impact groundwater near potato-use sites. In contrast, data for potato-use sites in the Northwest and Florida show negative results. Sampling near cotton use in the South and Southwest showed negative findings, while a small number of positives were found in North Carolina and South Carolina. Limited monitoring associated with peanuts showed generally negative results, with trace positives found in Georgia. Sampling from monitoring wells in the shallow groundwater aquifer beneath and downgradient of citrus sites in Florida showed both a high frequency and a high concentration of aldicarb, with one finding above 1000 ppb and numerous findings above 100 ppb. However, only 2% of over 1200 samples collected from domestic drinking wells located near citrus fields, with histories of aldicarb usage, contained residues of aldicarb and no positives were found in 800 samples from deep public drinking water wells in counties with high citrus acreage and aldicarb usage. (Tappert-PTT) JF - Ground Water Monitoring Review GWMRDU Vol. 10, No. 1, p 127-141, Winter 1990. 2 tab, 45 ref. AU - Lorber, M N AU - Cohen, S Z AU - DeBuchananne, G D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - Jan 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aldicarb KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Leaching KW - Monitoring KW - Path of pollutants KW - Pesticides KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Carbamate pesticides KW - Groundwater quality KW - Water pollution sources KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19088895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+Evaluation+of+the+Leaching+Potential+of+Aldicarb.+Part+2.+An+Evaluation+of+Ground+Water+Monitoring+Data&rft.au=Lorber%2C+M+N%3BCohen%2C+S+Z%3BDeBuchananne%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Lorber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conducting Field Studies for Testing Pesticide Leaching Models AN - 19087626; 9011618 AB - A variety of predictive models are being used to evaluate the transport and transformation of pesticides in the environment. These include well known models such as the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM), the Risk of Unsaturated-Saturated Transport and Transformation Interactions for Chemical Concentrations Model (RUSTIC) and the Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems Model (GLEAMS). The potentially large impacts of using these models as tools for developing pesticide management strategies and regulatory decisions necessitates the development of sound model validation protocols. This paper offers guidance on many of the theoretical and practical problems encountered in the design and implementation of field-scale model validation studies. Recommendations are provided for site selection and characterization, test compound selection, data needs, measurement techniques, statistical design considerations and sampling techniques. A strategy is provided for quantitatively testing models using field measurements. (Author 's abstract) JF - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry IJEAA3 Vol. 39, No. 1, p 3-21, 1990. 1 fig, 2 tab, 20 ref. AU - Smith, C N AU - Parrish, R S AU - Brown, D S AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Experimental design KW - Field tests KW - Leaching KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - Path of pollutants KW - Pesticides KW - Water pollution sources KW - Design criteria KW - Fate of pollutants KW - Model testing KW - Statistical models KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19087626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conducting+Field+Studies+for+Testing+Pesticide+Leaching+Models&rft.au=Smith%2C+C+N%3BParrish%2C+R+S%3BBrown%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory Requirements for Point-of-Use Systems AN - 19086676; 9105696 AB - There are three general categories of water treatment units: (1) units not intended to treat microorganisms or other pests; (2) units that consist of only a physical or mechanical means of treating any microorganisms or pests; and (3) units that incorporate a chemical antimicrobial agent to treat microorganisms or pests. Products in the first category are subject to neither registration nor regulation under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Products in the second category are only subject to regulation under FIFRA. Products in the third category are subject to both registration requirements and regulation under FIFRA. The requirements for registration of bacteriostatic water filters have not changed since 1979, and consist of data showing effectiveness of the product against bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. Specific testing parameters for products claiming effectiveness as microbiological water purifiers have been published in the ' Guide Standard and Protocol for Testing Microbiological Water Purifiers ', dated April 1986 and revised in April 1987. (See also W91-05694) (MacKeen-PTT) JF - Point-of-Use/Entry Treatment of Drinking Water. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey. 1990. p 10-11. 1 ref. AU - Douglas, R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water Point-of-entry water treatment Point-of-use water KW - treatment Regulations Water quality Water quality standards KW - Water treatment Administrative agencies Administrative KW - regulations Compliance Filters Legislation KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19086676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulatory+Requirements+for+Point-of-Use+Systems&rft.au=Douglas%2C+R&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Ammonia to Marine Fish and a Mysid AN - 19085899; 9009594 AB - The acute toxicity (96-hour LC50) of un-ionized ammonia to mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) and larval inland silversides (Menidia beryllina) was influenced by pH and salinity in a species specific manner. With mysids, NH3 was most toxic at pH 7.0 and less toxic at pH 8.0 and 9.0. In contrast, NH3 toxicity to inland silversides was greatest at pH 7.0 and 9.0 and lowest at pH 8.0. A drop in salinity from 31 g/kg to 11 g/kg uniformly increased toxicity to mysids over this pH range. In contrast, in silversides at 11 g/kg, NH3 toxicity was less at pH 7.0, greater at pH 8, and slightly less at pH 9, relative to the toxicity at 31 g/kg. Temperature had no significant effect on the acute toxicity of un-ionized ammonia with acclimated mysids tested at 18, 25, and 32.5 C, but did have a small effect with acclimated larval sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) tested at 13, 25 and 32.5 C. The chronic toxicity value (the geometric mean of the highest no-effect concentration and lowest effect concentration) at pH 8.0, 25 C and 31 g/kg salinity is 0.061 mg NH3 for inland silversides and 0.232 mg NH3/L for mysids; the acute:chronic ratio is 21.3 and 7.2, respectively. (Author 's abstract) JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AECTCV Vol. 19, No. 1, p 40-48, January/February 1990. 3 fig, 2 tab, 40 ref. AU - Miller, D C AU - Poucher, S AU - Cardin, JA AU - Hansen, D AD - Environmental Protection Agency Narragansett, RI. Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - Jan 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Ammonia KW - Bioassay KW - Fish physiology KW - Shrimp KW - Toxicity KW - Water pollution effects KW - Chronic toxicity KW - Hydrogen ion concentration KW - Lethal limit KW - Minnow KW - Mortality KW - Mysids KW - Salinity KW - Silverside KW - Temperature KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19085899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Acute+and+Chronic+Toxicity+of+Ammonia+to+Marine+Fish+and+a+Mysid&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+C%3BPoucher%2C+S%3BCardin%2C+JA%3BHansen%2C+D&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unit Process Research for Removing Volatile Organic Chemicals from Drinking Water: An Overview AN - 19080932; 9008524 AB - Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act have accelerated the calendar for drinking water regulations. Regulations are increasing in number and stringency, and the time frame for compliance is decreasing. A key factor in establishing maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) is the definition of a feasible technology that can be used to remove a given contaminant in a cost-effective manner. The Drinking Water Research Division (DWRD) of the EPA has a major role in evaluating technologies for meeting drinking water MCLs. Two technologies have been defined as best available for controlling volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). These are granular activated carbon (GA) adsorption and packed tower aeration. Even though these two technologies have been field tested there is still much to be learned about their performance. For example, DWRD is conducting studies designed to increase the level of understanding concerning competitive adsorption among compounds to be removed by GA. The effect of natural organic matter and its effect on reducing the adsorptive capacity of carbon for specific organics is of concern. Packed tower aeration is a relatively simple technology but increasing concern regarding off-gas control has current research focusing on this issue. It appears that GA can be used at a low relative humidity to remove volatile organics in the gas phase emitted from aerators. Newer technologies that show considerable promise are reverse osmosis, ozonation, and advanced oxidation processes. These technologies will play a major role in the upcoming regulatory process. (See also W90-08509) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1990. p 363-391, 6 fig, 10 tab, 36 ref. AU - Clark, R M AU - Miltner, R J AU - Fronk, CA AU - Speth, T F AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aeration KW - Drinking water KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Research priorities KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water treatment KW - Activated carbon KW - Adsorption KW - Organic compounds KW - Organic matter KW - Standards KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19080932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Unit+Process+Research+for+Removing+Volatile+Organic+Chemicals+from+Drinking+Water%3A+An+Overview&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BMiltner%2C+R+J%3BFronk%2C+CA%3BSpeth%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three Studies Using Ceriodaphnia to Detect Nonpoint Sources of Metals from Mine Drainage AN - 19078115; 9007621 AB - Plant and animal species have long served as biomonitors or indicators of environmental quality. Since its introduction, Ceriodaphnia dubia, a small planktonic daphnid, has been widely used for biomonitoring point source discharges. This species was used to determine nonpoint sources of metals and related contaminants in three trout streams in the west where mining activities have been widespread. Acute tests lasting 48 hours and chronic tests lasting 7 days were conducted. Along Chalk Creek, Colorado, specific tailings (and impacted tributaries) were sources of metals toxic to fish using the water in a hatchery. Using daphnids as an indicator, zinc from degraded tailings was identified as the primary toxic chemical. At stations below extensive mine tailings in the upper Clark Fork River, Montana, drainage was acutely and chronically toxic to daphnids and paralleled reduced or nonexistent populations of trout. Copper was identified as the likely toxic chemical at this site. In Whitewood Creek, South Dakota, reduced toxicity below a gold mine suggested that fish could live in the stream segment previously impaired by the mine. Toxicity downstream revealed a previously unknown nonpoint source of chromium. Biomonitoring using daphnids permitted the re-establishment of the trout fishery sooner than would have been possible otherwise. (Tappert-PTT) JF - Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation JWPFA5 Vol. 62, No. 1, p 7-15, January/February 1990. 5 fig, 6 tab, 11 ref. AU - Nimmo AU - Dodson, M H AU - Davies, PH AU - Greene, J C AU - Kerr, MA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Denver, CO. Region VIII Y1 - 1990/01// PY - 1990 DA - Jan 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Bioindicators KW - Daphnia KW - Mine drainage KW - Nonpoint pollution sources KW - Pollutant identification KW - Chromium KW - Copper KW - Heavy metals KW - Mine wastes KW - Surface water KW - Trout KW - Zinc KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19078115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Three+Studies+Using+Ceriodaphnia+to+Detect+Nonpoint+Sources+of+Metals+from+Mine+Drainage&rft.au=Nimmo%3BDodson%2C+M+H%3BDavies%2C+PH%3BGreene%2C+J+C%3BKerr%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Nimmo&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Surveys of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ground and Surface Waters AN - 19078008; 9008516 AB - The US EPA has been active in attempting to characterize the occurrence of synthetic volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in drinking water since the late 1970s. National occurrence surveys advanced from the first pioneering study, the National Organic Reconnaissance Survey, which measured the concentrations of only two VOCs not formed by chlorination; through the National Organic Monitoring Survey, another survey with the principal emphasis on trihalomethanes, but with a longer list of analytes; through the Community Water Supply Survey, with improved methodology and quality assurance; and to the Ground Water Supply Survey, which was designed to specifically characterize with statistical validity the occurrence of many VOCs. Similarly , the quality of the data and the documentation of that quality improved as the techniques for analysis improved and more rigorous quality assurance concepts were implemented. From early surprise at finding VOCs in groundwater to accurate documentation of their frequent and sometimes high-level occurrence, the surveys have led to a better understanding of the significance of drinking water contamination by VOCs and have demonstrated quality assurance techniques applied to large-scale trace organics monitoring projects. The results of these surveys have resulted in a strong body of occurrence data upon which the decisions on regulations to control these compounds have been and will continue to be based. (See also W90-08509) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1990. p 103-125, 1 fig, 13 tab, 13 ref. AU - Westrick, J J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Supply Technology Branch Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Surface water KW - Surveys KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Data acquisition KW - Monitoring KW - Trihalomethanes KW - Water analysis KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19078008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=National+Surveys+of+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+in+Ground+and+Surface+Waters&rft.au=Westrick%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Westrick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological Approaches for Developing Drinking Water Regulations and Health Advisories for Volatile Organic Chemicals AN - 19077979; 9008530 AB - The US EPA Office of Drinking Water (ODW) is engaged in two major programs designed to protect and improve the quality and safety of our nation 's drinking water supplies. The first is a regulatory program in which National Primary Drinking Water Regulations are promulgated for contaminants that may pose a risk to human health. The second program provides nonregulatory technical guidance to municipalities, groups and individuals who are faced with drinking water contamination situations which cannot be resolved by applying the existing National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. Both programs rely on the best available information concerning a contaminant 's potential to cause adverse health effects in exposed humans. The process used by the ODW to assemble and evaluate toxicological data on contaminants in order to develop both regulatory and guidance values is discussed. The Criteria Document (CD) development process has six general steps (chemical identification, rough draft CD, rough external review draft CD, external review draft CD, final draft CD, and final CD), as does the Health Advisory (HA) development process (chemical identification, rough draft HA, rough external review draft HA, external review draft HA, final draft HA, and final HA). However, the HA process generally takes 12 months to complete, while the CD process takes about 36 months. While ODW 's programs encompass the full spectrum of potential drinking water contaminants (including biological contaminants, organic and inorganic contaminants and radionuclides), the focus of the discussion is on volatile organic chemicals for which an extensive toxicological data base exists and considerable regulatory progress has been made. Carbon tetrachloride is used as an example to demonstrate the toxicological evaluations and extrapolations that are employed when establishing regulations and guidance values. (See also W90-08509) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1990. p 505-524, 2 fig, 4 tab, 6 ref. AU - Ohanian, E V AU - Glennon, J P AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards Div Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Public health KW - Standards KW - Toxicology KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water quality control KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Decision making KW - Organic compounds KW - Regulations KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19077979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Toxicological+Approaches+for+Developing+Drinking+Water+Regulations+and+Health+Advisories+for+Volatile+Organic+Chemicals&rft.au=Ohanian%2C+E+V%3BGlennon%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Ohanian&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statutory and Regulatory Basis for Control of Volatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water AN - 19076564; 9008510 AB - The passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974 resulted from public concerns of chemical contamination of drinking water sources and inadequate controls to address these concerns. The act was the culmination of a 4-year effort to develop a drinking water program at the national level. The 1974 act required the administrator of the EPA to establish minimum national standards for controlling the presence of contaminants in drinking water. The 1974 law established a federal/state partnership. The federal government was to establish the minimum national standards relating to the establishment of maximum contaminant levels, monitoring (including sampling and analytical) requirements, and reporting. States can apply to EPA for primary enforcement responsibility directly after meeting certain minimum programmatic standards established by EPA. The National Primary Drinking Water Regulations affect approximately 58,500 community (or residential) drinking water systems. In addition, EPA will extend the national primary drinking water regulations (as amended) to an estimated 20,000 nontransient noncommunity water systems (NTNCWS) serving factories and schools. Another 120,000 noncommunity water systems are partially covered. Currently, EPA regulates 10 inorganics, 6 pesticides, bacteriological contaminants (coliforms, viruses, Legionella, Giardia lamblia, heterotrophic plate count), turbidity, 4 trihalomethanes, and 8 other volatile synthetic organic chemicals. Regulations expanding the scope of the agency 's regulatory agenda are currently proposed for lead and copper, and a proposal to regulate an additional 38 contaminants (12 VOCs, 8 inorganics, and 18 other synthetic organic compounds) was proposed for public comment in May 1989. (See also W90-08509) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1990. p 3-13, 1 fig, 3 tab, 11 ref. AU - Havinga, A AU - Cotruvo, JA AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Div. of Water Supply Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Regulations KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water treatment KW - Bacteria KW - Copper KW - Federal jurisdiction KW - Lead KW - Legislation KW - Organic compounds KW - Pesticides KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - State jurisdiction KW - Trihalomethanes KW - Turbidity KW - Water quality control KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19076564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Statutory+and+Regulatory+Basis+for+Control+of+Volatile+Organic+Chemicals+in+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Havinga%2C+A%3BCotruvo%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Havinga&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acquisition and Analysis of Groundwater/Aquifer Samples: Current Technology and the Trade Off Between Quality Assurance and Practical Considerations AN - 19076187; 9011709 AB - As part of its mission to protect groundwater quality, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the land disposal of solid wastes. Mathematical models such as MINTEQA1, a thermodynamic equilibrium model for metal speciation, are used to predict the concentrations of harmful pollutant species at potential exposure points, and thus determine the requirements for waste treatment and disposal. The Environmental Research Laboratory (ERL), Athens, GA, is engaged in a bench-scale testing project for the attenuation processes currently in MINTEQA1. ERL-Athens has been collecting groundwater, aquifer material and municipal landfill leaching samples from various locations within the continental United States. These samples have been characterized in terms of elemental composition, pH, Eh, dissolved gases and solid phase analyses (Specific Surface Area, CEC, extractable amorphous components, identifiable crystalline components, etc.). Batch distribution behavior studies have been performed with these samples with 14 potential metals and metalloids of concern to the EPA. The ability to collect groundwater and aquifer material samples representative of true conditions is confounded by such factors as: (1) generation of potentially contaminating drilling fines; (2) potential contamination and/or adsorption by particulates suspended in drilling fluids; (3) potential oxygenation of groundwater samples from the sampling effort; and (4) potential carry-over contamination from multiple sampling efforts. (Agostine-PTT) JF - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry IJEAA3 Vol. 38, No. 2, p 231-253, 1990. 6 fig, 6 tab, 32 ref. AU - Loux, N T AU - Garrison, A W AU - Chafin, C R AD - Environmental Protection Agency Athens, GA. Southeast Environmental Research Lab Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aquifer management KW - Aquifers KW - Data acquisition KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Mathematical models KW - Model studies KW - Quality control KW - Sampling KW - Environmental protection KW - Landfills KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Waste disposal KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19076187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Acquisition+and+Analysis+of+Groundwater%2FAquifer+Samples%3A+Current+Technology+and+the+Trade+Off+Between+Quality+Assurance+and+Practical+Considerations&rft.au=Loux%2C+N+T%3BGarrison%2C+A+W%3BChafin%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Loux&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment Technologies and Costs for Removing Volatile Organic Compounds from Water: Aeration AN - 19075582; 9008522 AB - A set of equations has been developed to describe the liquid-phase concentration of volatile compounds as a function of vertical location within a packed column air stripping system. The equation set is constructed to accommodate an unstrippable component, observed in studies of trihalomethanes, in addition to the more typical case of treatment of synthetic volatile contaminants such as trichloroethylene, where there is no unstrippable component. A design procedure was also developed using the theory and supplemented with empirical equations from handbooks. This design procedure is based on desired removal efficiency, VOC properties, liquid flow, liquid temperature, and packing material properties. The areas of uncertainty are Henry 's coefficient and mass transfer coefficient. A cost model was also developed to study the economic feasibility and limitations of air stripping. The cost model is based on material quantities (i.e., the mass of steel, volume of concrete, kilowatts of electric power, etc.) required for an air stripping system. The limits of air stripping are evaluated through the use of overall treatment cost. For different site conditions, the same general information would result; i.e., air stripping should be examined as a treatment alternative for compounds ranging in Henry 's coefficient from about 0.005 atm cu m/cu m and higher. The process is clearly cost effective for the more volatile compounds, but should not be overlooked as a possible alternative for some of the less volatile contaminants such as benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane. A field evaluation and data analysis procedure is presented which describes a method to estimate basic stripping parameters such as Henry 's coefficient and mass transfer coefficient directly from pilot data. Generally, good agreement was obtained for site-specific and predicted mass transfer coefficients using the Onda correlation. (See also W90-08509) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1990. p 261-311, 28 fig, 10 tab, 11 ref, append. AU - Cummins, MD AU - Westrick, J J AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Water Supply Technology Branch Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aeration KW - Air stripping KW - Mathematical models KW - Model studies KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water treatment KW - Costs KW - Design standards KW - Drinking water KW - Mathematical equations KW - Organic compounds KW - Trihalomethanes KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19075582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Treatment+Technologies+and+Costs+for+Removing+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+from+Water%3A+Aeration&rft.au=Cummins%2C+MD%3BWestrick%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Cummins&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management Controls of Volatile Organic Compounds in Groundwater Protection AN - 19075190; 9008511 AB - Groundwater supplies one-fourth of all fresh water used in the United States and is the source of drinking water for 50% of all citizens and 97% of the rural population. Twenty percent of all public drinking water systems and 29% of those in municipal areas show at least trace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). While toxic chemicals are the contaminants of major national concern, there are many types of contaminants that also are important, including natural, microbiological, and other conventional pollutants. In 1984, the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) listed 175 organic chemicals, more than 50 inorganic chemicals, and a variety of biological organisms and radionuclides that have been found in groundwater throughout the nation. The sources of contamination are many and varied. The highly publicized waste sites are not the main sources; nonwaste practices may, in fact, account for up to two-thirds of the groundwater contamination. The states have traditionally had primary authority over groundwater quality and its allocation and use. Over the past 10 years, however, the federal government has begun to take a greater role in the protection of groundwater quality. A complex network of federal, state, and local agencies engages in many activities designed to protect groundwater quality. Eleven separate federal agencies, and often multiple offices within these agencies, have some jurisdiction over groundwater. The types of controls now in use or under consideration include standard setting, source controls, product controls (e.g. chemicals and pesticides that can leach into groundwater), and land use controls. At the state level, there has been diverse but not widespread activity in setting groundwater quality goals and standards. This activity generally has taken four forms: establishing narrative groundwater standards, adapting state surface water quality criteria and/or standards to groundwater, adopting federal drinking water standards, and adopting drinking water standards for contaminants not yet covered by federal regulations. (See also W90-08509) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1990. p 15-36, 3 fig, 3 tab, 15 ref. AU - Mlay, M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Office of Ground-Water Protection Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Groundwater quality KW - Regulations KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water pollution control KW - Water pollution sources KW - Water quality management KW - Drinking water KW - Federal jurisdiction KW - Standards KW - State jurisdiction KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19075190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Management+Controls+of+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+in+Groundwater+Protection&rft.au=Mlay%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mlay&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from Drinking Water by Adsorption AN - 19075153; 9008521 AB - Designing granular activated carbon (GA) contactors for removing VOCs from groundwaters requires a knowledge of the contaminants and their concentrations. The effects of adsorption competition, variable influence concentrations, preloading of natural dissolved organic matter, humic complexation with VOCs, and microbial growth should be considered. How the above effects are answered will lead to a decision whether to use granular activated carbon in a fixed bed or powdered activated carbon in the mixing basin. If powdered activated carbon is chosen, powdered-carbon jar tests should be completed to help verify performance. Any further improvement in performance must come from modifications of the treatment plant. If granular carbon is chosen, modeling is useful for preliminary costing and sizing, but pilot-scale columns should be used for final design. The final plant design should make optimal use of column configuration. Pretreatment processes must also be fully considered. Regeneration of activated carbon in a multiple hearth furnace or a fluidized-bed furnace has been shown to be a viable process. Research has shown that the capacity differences are negligible between virgin and regenerated carbon. For large utilities, on-site regeneration is a practical option. For smaller utilities, regional regeneration or disposal may be optimal. The 5-15% attrition of carbon during regeneration occurs mostly in the furnace and must be anticipated. Dioxins and furans are produced during regeneration, but with properly operated afterburners the levels pose no health threat. (See also W90-08509) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1990. p 229-259, 12 fig, 3 tab, 133 ref. AU - Speth, T F AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Adsorption KW - Decision making KW - Drinking water KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water treatment KW - Activated carbon KW - Carbon regeneration KW - Dioxins KW - Furans KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Organic compounds KW - Pretreatment of water KW - Water quality management KW - Water treatment facilities KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19075153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Removal+of+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+from+Drinking+Water+by+Adsorption&rft.au=Speth%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Speth&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic Analysis of Treatment Technologies to Achieve Volatile Organic Chemical Removal to Safe Levels AN - 19075075; 9008526 AB - Both granular activated carbon (GAC) and packed tower aeration (PTA) have been designated best available treatment technology in EPA 's volatile organic compound (VOC) regulations. Cost and performance models have been developed to examine various treatment scenarios for controlling VOCs. The constant-pattern homogeneous-surface-diffusion model (CPHSDM) was used to predict liquid-phase GA use rates for selected single-solute VOCs. Eight currently regulated VOCs were examined. Only one of the compounds, p-dichlorobenzene, exhibited a bed life greater than two years, typical of taste-control and odor-control applications using GA. Preliminary cost estimates for liquid-phase GA treatment systems have been developed for a range of plant sizes, empty bed contact times, and carbon bed lives. Most VOCs examined exhibited bed lives of six months or longer. Cost estimates for these scenarios range from about 34-45 cents/1000 gal for a 1 million gallon per day (mgd) system , to about 20-30 cents/1000 gal for a 10-mgd system, to about 11-15 cents/1000 gal for a 100-mgd system. A cost and performance model has been developed to examine various scenarios for controlling VOCs by packed tower aeration including off-gas treatment. Cost-minimized designs were determined by varying parameters such as air-water ratio and pressure drop through the packing media. Preliminary cost estimates for PTA excluding off-gas control varied from about 35-49 cents/1000 gal for a 0.1-mgd system, 21-10 cents/1000 gal for a 1-mgd system, and 14-6 cents/1000 gal for a 10 mgd system. System cost approximately doubles or triples when gas phase GA treatment is included in the PTA system for off-gas control. A comparison was made between liquid phase GA and PTA treatment alternatives. For all VOCs in this analysis, PTA treatment was more cost-effective than liquid phase GA at all system sizes when assuming no PTA off-gas control. When PTA off-gas control was included, cost tradeoffs between PTA and GA were seen at various system sizes. (See also W90-08509) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1990. p 421-450, 16 fig, 6 tab, 20 ref. AU - Clark, R M AU - Adams, J Q AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aeration KW - Economic aspects KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water treatment KW - Activated carbon KW - Costs KW - Model studies KW - Organic compounds KW - Regulations KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19075075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Economic+Analysis+of+Treatment+Technologies+to+Achieve+Volatile+Organic+Chemical+Removal+to+Safe+Levels&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BAdams%2C+J+Q&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical Methods for Volatile Organic Compound Determination AN - 19072737; 9008513 AB - The regulation of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in finished drinking waters in the United States is based, to a large extent , on their widespread occurrence and possible health significance. A narrow definition of VOCs, from an EPA regulatory standpoint is inclusive of those compounds that are amenable to determination by the purge and trap (P and T) procedure. They are of relatively high volatility and have low water solubility, so that they can be effectively sparged (or purged) from water. Although the immediate concern of the regulated community is focused on the VOCs described by P and T methodology, there are other procedures capable of qualitatively and, in some instances, quantitatively measuring VOCs as well as other low-molecular-weight compounds. Another technique is closed loop stripping, where very low levels (nanogm/L) of compounds, ranging from benzene to some PCB isomers, can be analyzed. Other techniques include headspace analysis, solid-phase extraction, micro and larger volume liquid-liquid extraction, continuous liquid-liquid extraction, and steam distillation. In this chapter, the following topics regarding the analysis of VOCs are discussed: the six available EPA methods; formal revisions to EPA methodology; defining the objectives of data gathering; quality assurance and quality control as applied to these methods; compound identification and limits of detection and quantitation; dechlorination and preservation; monitoring considerations; cost of analysis; and future analytical needs. (See also W90-08509) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1990. p 57-72, 1 fig, 2 tab, 35 ref. AU - Brass, HJ AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Quality Assessment Branch Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Analytical methods KW - Chemical analysis KW - Drinking water KW - Pollutant identification KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water analysis KW - Chemical extraction KW - Costs KW - Distillation KW - Laboratory methods KW - Monitoring KW - Organic compounds KW - Quality control KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Sample preservation KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19072737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Analytical+Methods+for+Volatile+Organic+Compound+Determination&rft.au=Brass%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Brass&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Management for Regulatory Purposes AN - 19062133; 9008531 AB - The maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were among the first revised drinking water standards promulgated as a result of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1986. This rule has significance beyond these eight compounds in that it has stimulated development of a process that EPA can follow for future regulations. For VOCs, one of the first decision points was whether to have an MCL or a treatment technique rule. An MCL rule was selected since these contaminants can be measured in drinking water. Since some of the maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs) were set at zero, the MCLs were strongly influenced by treatment performance and measurement capabilities. Development of best available technology criteria led to the selection of GA adsorption and packed tower aeration technologies which are capable of cost-effective treatment to levels below analytical detection limits. The need for a reliable measurement technique led to the development of the practical quantification level concept, which was an important component in setting the MCL. At the same time, an acceptable risk range of 0.0001 to 0.000001 individual lifetime risk of cancer was set which, along with treatment, cost, and analytical measurement considerations, yielded the final MCLs. Finally, system-level costs and total national costs and benefits were evaluated for various MCL levels. When all of this information was evaluated and integrated, the eight MCLs were promulgated: benzene, 0.005 mg/L; vinyl chloride, 0.002 mg/L; carbon tetrachloride, 0.005 mg/L; 1,2-dichloroethane, 0.005 mg/L; trichloroethylene, 0.005 mg/L; p-dichlorobenzene, 0.075 mg/L; 1,1-dichloroethylene, 0.007 mg/L; and 1,1 ,1-trichloroethane, 0.20 mg/L. (See also W90-08509) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1990. p 525-542, 1 tab, 20 ref. AU - Clark, S W AD - Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC. Div. of Water Supply Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Regulations KW - Standards KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water quality control KW - Aeration KW - Benzenes KW - Carbon tetrachloride KW - Costs KW - Dichlorobenzene KW - Dichloroethane KW - Dichloroethylene KW - Granular activated carbon KW - Maximum contaminant level KW - Public health KW - Safe Drinking Water Act KW - Trichloroethane KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Vinyl chloride KW - Water treatment KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19062133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+Management+for+Regulatory+Purposes&rft.au=Clark%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Point-of-Use/Point-of-Entry Systems for Removing Volatile Organic Compounds from Drinking Water AN - 19051829; 9008525 AB - Point-of-use/point-of-entry (POU/POE) systems have been developed that are effective for removing organic contaminants from drinking water if operated and maintained properly. More homeowners with private drinking water sources are aware of the potential of contamination of these sources and are willing to have them tested. This has led to the identification of many organic compounds in these private drinking water sources. As testing continues, the potential exists for identifying more private drinking water sources that have been contaminated by agricultural use, industrial solvents, leaking gasoline tanks, and hazardous waste sites. Various treatment options are available to the homeowner for removing VOCs although activated carbon is the most widely used POU/POE system. With an increase in the number of households using POU/POE systems, many health departments and other agencies have implemented or are giving serious consideration to centralized control of these systems. This control allows them to establish treatment requirements, operation and maintenance requirements, and proper waste disposal. (See also W90-08509) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea Michigan. 1990. p 393-419, 10 fig, 5 tab, 41 ref. AU - Lykins, R W AU - Baier, J H AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Activated carbon KW - Domestic water KW - Drinking water KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Water treatment KW - Maintenance KW - Organic compounds KW - Rural areas KW - Standards KW - Water pollution sources KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19051829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Point-of-Use%2FPoint-of-Entry+Systems+for+Removing+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+from+Drinking+Water&rft.au=Lykins%2C+R+W%3BBaier%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Lykins&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Supply AN - 19050967; 9008181 AB - The nation 's water resources have been extensively developed to satisfy a variety of beneficial uses. Water projects generally support a dominant single purpose, such as urban water supply, irrigation, flood control, or navigation. Water withdrawn for off-stream use consists of two variables: (1) the part returned to the surface water or groundwater source after being used, and (2) the part consumed but not returned to the source after use. A typical example of consumption is vegetation transpiration. Much of the water used for irrigation, particularly sprinkler irrigation, either is transpired by plants or is evaporated from the soil. Withdrawals may include saline water, but the major concern of this discussion is with freshwater withdrawals and consumption for each category of use. This chapter deals with the following water supply related issues: demand, quality, sources, groundwater production, surface water collection, surface water treatment, saline water production, nonconventional water production, and distribution. (See also W90-08177) (Lantz-PTT) JF - Standard Handbook of Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York New York. 1990. p 259-483, 84 fig, 54 tab, 121 ref. AU - Clark, R M AD - Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water resources development KW - Water supply KW - Groundwater budget KW - Groundwater mining KW - Saline water KW - Surface water KW - Water conveyance KW - Water demand KW - Water quality KW - Water treatment KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 4040:Water demand KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19050967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Water+Supply&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling working and reference memory in rats: effects of scopolamine on delayed matching-to-position(1,2). AN - 1859346541; 11175426 AB - A model of working and reference memory in rats is described, based on a discrete-trial operant procedure with concurrent components of spatial matching (for working memory) and nonspatial discrimination (for reference memory). On each trial in the matching component, rats received food for pressing one of two retractable levers after a delay if that lever had been presented in the prior sample phase of the trial. On each trial in the discrimination component, food was delivered if the rat pressed a lever illuminated by a cue light after the delay interval. The model was tested with scopolamine (0.10 to 0.56 mg/kg, ip), which reduced matching accuracy in a dose-related manner. Linear slope and intercept estimates of retention gradients showed that intercepts declined and slopes remained unchanged with increasing scopolamine dose. In contrast, scopolamine had no significant effect on nonspatial discrimination accuracy, indicating a relative insensitivity of reference memory to cholinergic blockade. Because the matching component involved spatial cues and the discrimination component did not, a second group of rats was trained to discriminate between the spatial locations of two levers, to compare the effects of scopolamine on spatial and nonspatial discriminations. Scopolamine at the same doses caused a small, consistent decrease in spatial discrimination accuracy, suggesting that spatial discrimination was more sensitive to disruption by scopolamine than was nonspatial discrimination. The combined delayed matching-to-position/nonspatial discrimination procedure appears to provide a useful technique for characterizing mnemonic effects of drugs and toxicants in rats. JF - Behavioural pharmacology AU - Bustrnell, P.J. AD - Neurotoxicology Division, MD 74B, Health Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 419 EP - 427 VL - 1 IS - 5 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859346541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioural+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Modelling+working+and+reference+memory+in+rats%3A+effects+of+scopolamine+on+delayed+matching-to-position%281%2C2%29.&rft.au=Bustrnell%2C+P.J.&rft.aulast=Bustrnell&rft.aufirst=P.J.&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioural+pharmacology&rft.issn=1473-5849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2001-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the health risks of aluminum AN - 1769968074; 2016-019872 AB - Al is a ubiquitous substance with > 4000 uses. As Al sulphate it is commonly used in the USA as a coagulant in the treatment of drinking water. It is now suggested that exposure to Al may pose a health hazard and in 1983 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced plans to regulate Al, and a number of other substances, in drinking water. Further evaluation of the data led to a decision not to regulate Al because of the uncertainty of the toxicity of ingested Al. Putative causal associations between Al exposure and neurological disorders have yet to be substantiated. The EPA has deferred possible regulation of Al in drinking water until 1991 when further information may be available. JF - Environmental Geochemistry and Health AU - Orme, J AU - Ohanian, E V Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 55 EP - 58 PB - Springer, London VL - 12 IS - 1-2 SN - 0269-4042, 0269-4042 KW - water quality KW - geologic hazards KW - sulfates KW - pollutants KW - regulations KW - government agencies KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - drinking water KW - human ecology KW - metals KW - aluminum KW - water treatment KW - natural hazards KW - risk assessment KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1769968074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+health+risks+of+aluminum&rft.au=Orme%2C+J%3BOhanian%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Orme&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.issn=02694042&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100162/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aluminum; drinking water; geologic hazards; government agencies; human ecology; metals; natural hazards; pollutants; pollution; public health; regulations; risk assessment; sulfates; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; water quality; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative toxicity and tumor-promoting ability of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PCDF), and 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran (HCDF) in hairless mice AN - 16743459; 3520390 AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dixoin (TCDD), 2,3,4,7,8,-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PCDF), and 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran (HCDF) are highly toxic members of a class of environmental contaminants, the polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (PCAH), which exhibit a similar and highly characteristic spectrum of toxic effects. For purposes of risk assessment, it is important to be able to make accurate estimates of the relative potency of these and related compounds. Previous investigations have indicated that, in acute exposure or in vitro studies, PCDF is approximately 0.1 times as toxic and HCDF is approximately 0.01 times as toxic as TCDD. In this study, we compared the relative toxicity and tumor-promoting abilities of TCDD, PCDF, and HCDF in hairless mouse skin. Based on data for dermal toxicity and changes in body weight and organ weights, PCDF is estimated to be 0.2 to 0.4 times, and HCDF 0.08 to 0.16 times, as toxic as TCDD following repeated dermal exposure. Therefore, toxic equivalence factors generated using data from acute and/or in vitro studies may underestimate the risk from repeated low-dose exposures to these compounds. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Hebert, C D AU - Harris, M W AU - Elwell, M R AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., US EPA, MD 66, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 362 EP - 377 VL - 102 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - TCDD KW - 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran KW - 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - tumorigenicity KW - comparison KW - X 24151:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16743459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Relative+toxicity+and+tumor-promoting+ability+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29%2C+2%2C3%2C4%2C7%2C8-pentachlorodibenzofuran+%28PCDF%29%2C+and+1%2C2%2C3%2C4%2C7%2C8-hexachlorodibenzofuran+%28HCDF%29+in+hairless+mice&rft.au=Hebert%2C+C+D%3BHarris%2C+M+W%3BElwell%2C+M+R%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Hebert&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tumorigenicity; toxicity; comparison ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in the energy metabolism of an estuarine mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) as indicators of stress from chronic pesticide exposure AN - 16738522; 3514207 AB - Dose-response relationships were developed for several metabolic rate functions (oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion) and physiological indices (K sub(2) values and O:N ratios) at different life stages of an estuarine mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) during a life-cycle exposure to fenthion, an organophosphate insecticide. Initial exposure to fenthion resulted in elevated respiration rates of juvenile mysids. As shown by lower net growth efficiency (K sub(2) values), these increased metabolic demands reduced the amount of assimilated energy available for production of new tissue, resulting in retarded juvenile growth rates. O:N ratios indicated that juvenile mysids primarily utilized lipid substrates as an energy source, but during maturation shifted to greater usage of proteinaceous substrates. Higher O:N ratios during maturation of fenthion-exposed mysids suggest greater reliance on the more energy-rich lipid substrates to support the elevated rates of oxidative metabolism, resulting in less lipid material being available for gamete production. JF - Marine environmental research. London AU - McKenney, CL Jr AU - Matthews, E AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1 EP - 19 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - exposure KW - Mysidopsis bahia KW - energy metabolism KW - Brackish KW - indicators KW - pesticides KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16738522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+environmental+research.+London&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+the+energy+metabolism+of+an+estuarine+mysid+%28Mysidopsis+bahia%29+as+indicators+of+stress+from+chronic+pesticide+exposure&rft.au=McKenney%2C+CL+Jr%3BMatthews%2C+E&rft.aulast=McKenney&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+environmental+research.+London&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mysidopsis bahia; pesticides; exposure; indicators; energy metabolism; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Incineration Research Facility AN - 1671429098; 13511164 AB - The Cincinnati-based Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA operates the Incineration Research Facility (IRF) in Jefferson, Arkansas. This facility's pilot-scale experimental incineration systems include a Rotary Kiln System and a Liquid Injection System. Each system incorporates primary and secondary combustors and associated waste handling equipment, process controllers, safety equipment and air pollution control devices. These state-of-practice incinerators are fully permitted to test the entire range of RCRA hazardous wastes normally encountered in the hazardous waste treatment industry. This paper reports the principal features and capabilities of the IRF. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Thurnau, Robert C AU - Dempsey, Clyde R AD - Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, U.S.A Y1 - 1990///0, PY - 1990 DA - 0, 1990 SP - 353 EP - 361 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Incineration test facility KW - rotary kiln incinerator KW - liquid incinerator KW - Air pollution KW - Incineration KW - Research and development KW - Devices KW - Incinerators KW - Research facilities KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Combustion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671429098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.atitle=The+Incineration+Research+Facility&rft.au=Thurnau%2C+Robert+C%3BDempsey%2C+Clyde+R&rft.aulast=Thurnau&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0734242X9000800157 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242X9000800157 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An overview of the history, present status, and future direction of solidification/stabilization technologies for hazardous waste treatment. AN - 16452313; 2915271 AB - Solidification/stabilization (S/S) technology processes are currently being utilized in the United States to treat inorganic and organic hazardous waste and radioactive waste. These wastes are generated from operating industry or have resulted from the uncontrolled management of hazardous waste. This paper will overview the development to date of this technology and its future direction which is strongly influenced by industry needs and/or government regulations. Key areas where knowledge is limited and factors impacting future utilization will be identified. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - Barth, E F Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 103 EP - 109 VL - 24 IS - 2-3 KW - solidification KW - technological forecasting KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - historical account KW - waste management KW - radioactive wastes KW - hazardous wastes KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16452313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+the+history%2C+present+status%2C+and+future+direction+of+solidification%2Fstabilization+technologies+for+hazardous+waste+treatment.&rft.au=Barth%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Barth&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Solidification/Stabilization Mechanisms and Applications. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard assessment: Equilibrium partitioning and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants by infaunal organisms. AN - 16396347; 2875228 AB - The utility and limits of applicability of a simple equilibrium partitioning model for predicting the maximum concentration of neutral organic compounds which can be accumulated by infaunal organisms exposed to a contaminated sediment were examined. Accumulation factors (AFs) for PCBs, the lipid normalized PCB concentration in organisms divided by the organic carbon normalized PCB concentration in sediments, were measured for PCBs in infaunal mollusks and polychaetes (Nephtys incisa ) at field sites with a range of sediment Arochlor (A-1254) and total organic carbon concentrations. When all data were considered, the variability associated with AFs was lower than that found for bioaccumulation factors on a wet weight basis, indicating the utility of lipid and organic carbon normalization. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Lake, J L AU - Rubinstein, NI AU - Lee, H II AU - Lake, CA AU - Heltshe, J AU - Pavignano, S AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1095 EP - 1106 VL - 9 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Crustaceans KW - PCB KW - PCB compounds KW - crustaceans KW - organic carbon KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - marine pollution KW - sediment pollution KW - bioaccumulation KW - sediments KW - Mollusca KW - Marine KW - mathematical models KW - Nephtys incisa KW - zoobenthos KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16396347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Hazard+assessment%3A+Equilibrium+partitioning+and+bioaccumulation+of+sediment-associated+contaminants+by+infaunal+organisms.&rft.au=Lake%2C+J+L%3BRubinstein%2C+NI%3BLee%2C+H+II%3BLake%2C+CA%3BHeltshe%2C+J%3BPavignano%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lake&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1095&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - marine pollution; sediments; mathematical models; sediment pollution; organic carbon; zoobenthos; PCB; bioaccumulation; Mollusca; PCB compounds; Nephtys incisa; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of fluoranthene in sediment to marine amphipods: A test of the equilibrium partitioning approach to sediment quality criteria. AN - 16395303; 2874189 AB - The toxicity of fluoranthene in sediment to the marine benthic amphipods, Rhepoxynius abronius and Corophium spinicorne was determined in relation to the equilibrium partitioning approach to the development of sediment quality criteria. Toxicity tests were conducted with well-sorted fine sands at three levels of organic carbon (OC), 0.18, 0.31 and 0.48%. Within the limitations of these experiments (i.e., one chemical, two species, sandy sediment with low carbon content), the results indicate that sediment quality criteria derived from the equilibrium partitioning model and water quality criteria would protect sensitive benthic invertebrates. The epibenthic, tube-dwelling Corophium was less sensitive to test sediments than the infaunal, free-burrowing Rhepoxynius , possibly because of different routes of exposure to fluoranthene. There was a close correspondence between estimates of sediment quality for fluoranthene based on distinctly different methodologies including equilibrium partitioning, apparent effects threshold, toxicity tests applied to experimentally spiked sediment and toxicity tests applied to field-collected sediment. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Swartz, R C AU - Schults, D W AU - Dewitt, TH AU - Ditsworth, G R AU - Lamberson, JO AD - U.S. EPA, Mark O. Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1071 EP - 1080 VL - 9 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - aromatic compounds KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - fluoranthene KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - marine pollution KW - sediment pollution KW - Rhepoxynius abronius KW - toxicity KW - sediments KW - Corophium spinicorne KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16395303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+fluoranthene+in+sediment+to+marine+amphipods%3A+A+test+of+the+equilibrium+partitioning+approach+to+sediment+quality+criteria.&rft.au=Swartz%2C+R+C%3BSchults%2C+D+W%3BDewitt%2C+TH%3BDitsworth%2C+G+R%3BLamberson%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Swartz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1071&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity; marine pollution; sediments; toxicity tests; sediment pollution; aromatic hydrocarbons; aromatic compounds; Corophium spinicorne; Rhepoxynius abronius; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of hepatic indicators of subchronic carbon tetrachloride injury and recovery in rats. AN - 16319537; 2826387 AB - To determine the course of hepatic recovery from subchronic oral administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl sub(4)), male F-344 rats were gavaged with 0, 20, or 40 mg CCl sub(4)/kg, 5 days/week, for 12 weeks. Exposure to CCl sub(4) caused dosage-dependent increases in relative liver weight and the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol as well as a dosage-dependent decrease in hepatic cytochrome P450. Centrilobular hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, necrosis, and cirrhosis occurred at both 20 and 40 mg/kg, with dosage-dependent severity. Reversibility of these reported effects varied with parameter. By Day 8 postexposure, necrosis had disappeared and all serum indicators and cytochrome P450 had returned to control levels. By Day 15 postexposure, the severity of the vacuolar degeneration had decreased. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Allis, J W AU - Ward, T R AU - Seely, J C AU - Simmons, JE AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 588 EP - 570 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - carbon tetrachloride KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - liver KW - indicators KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16319537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+hepatic+indicators+of+subchronic+carbon+tetrachloride+injury+and+recovery+in+rats.&rft.au=Allis%2C+J+W%3BWard%2C+T+R%3BSeely%2C+J+C%3BSimmons%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Allis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=588&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - liver; toxicity; indicators ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban storm-induced discharge impacts. AN - 16317999; 2838841 AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Storm and Combined Sewer Research Program has sponsored several long-term research projects that are concerned with urban receiving-water problems. Current research efforts stress identifying the sources of pollutants and controlling their discharge. Toxicity and chemical tests are used to investigate the effectiveness of several control practices such as sedimentation, flotation, filtration, liquid-solid partitioning, photo degradation, and aeration. These tests examine the benefits of typical treatment processes to reduce toxicity of and potential toxic pollutant components in storm-induced discharges, including combined sewer overflows (CSOs). JF - Water Environment & Technology AU - Field, R AU - Pitt, R E AD - EPA Storm and Combined Sewer Res. Program, Edison, NJ, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 64 EP - 67 VL - 2 IS - 8 SN - 1044-9493, 1044-9493 KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - urban areas KW - urban runoff KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - hydrology KW - environmental impact KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - water pollution KW - heavy metals KW - stormwater runoff KW - pollution control KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16317999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Urban+storm-induced+discharge+impacts.&rft.au=Field%2C+R%3BPitt%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Environment+%26+Technology&rft.issn=10449493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrology; pathogenic bacteria; urban runoff; environmental impact; water pollution; heavy metals; pollution control; stormwater runoff; urban areas; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal variation of selenium in outdoor experimental stream-wetland systems. AN - 16302043; 2820620 AB - Two outdoor experimental stream-wetland systems were exposed continuously to 10 mu g/L Se(IV) over a 2-yr period. A seasonal variation in the water column Se concentration was found in wetlands; a comparable variation was not observed in the stream segments. Water column Se was never reduced by more than 20% in the streams, but was reduced by greater than 90% in midsummer in the wetlands. Accumulation of Se in plants was much higher in the wetlands than in the streams, particularly in duckweed (Lemna minor ). The deposition of Se in sediments was extremely variable within the wetland. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Allen, K N AD - US EPA, Monticello Ecol. Res. Stn., Monticello, MN 55362, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 865 EP - 868 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - USA, Minnesota, Mississippi R. KW - selenium KW - wetlands KW - aquatic plants KW - seasonal variations KW - Freshwater KW - water pollution KW - bioaccumulation KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16302043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Seasonal+variation+of+selenium+in+outdoor+experimental+stream-wetland+systems.&rft.au=Allen%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wetlands; selenium; aquatic plants; seasonal variations; water pollution; bioaccumulation; USA, Minnesota, Mississippi R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating innovative technology costs for the SITE program. AN - 16300518; 2826673 AB - EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program has fostered a special relationship between elements of the public and private sector. An early concern of the SITE Program was to design a methodology for projecting and reporting costs which tried to balance the needs of these two groups. Toward this end, four issues were identified which were thought to have a significant impact on the SITE Program's ability to generate useful cost projections. An analysis of these issues led to the creation of a simple five-part cost methodology. This paper will review the nature of these problems and will describe the methodology which addresses them. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Evans, G M AD - U.S. EPA, Risk Reduction Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1047 EP - 1051 VL - 40 IS - 7 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - technology KW - Superfund KW - cleaning process KW - hazardous wastes KW - economics KW - disposal sites KW - pollution control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16300518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Estimating+innovative+technology+costs+for+the+SITE+program.&rft.au=Evans%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollution control; economics; Superfund; technology; hazardous wastes; disposal sites; cleaning process ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrolysis of chlorostilbene oxide. 2. Modeling of hydrolysis in aquifer samples and in sediment-water systems. AN - 16299640; 2820464 AB - The disappearance kinetics of 4-chlorostilbene oxide (CSO) were determined in aquifer samples and in sediment-water systems to derive kinetic expressions that describe heterogeneous effects. Disappearance rate constants were determined in heterolytic systems and compared with those obtained in distilled water to delineate the effect of solids on the kinetics of hydrolysis. Kinetics of hydrolysis were studied in raw sediment samples and samples sterilized by heat or with formalin to distinguish between abiotic and biotic hydrolysis processes. Above pH 5, the hydrolysis rate constants were larger in nonsterile systems when compared with the rate constants in the sterile systems, suggesting that both biotic and abiotic pathways contribute to the disappearance of CSO. JF - ENVIRON. CHEM. TOXICOL. AU - El-Sayed Metwally, M AU - Wolfe, N L AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 963 EP - 973 VL - 9 IS - 8 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - biodegradation KW - sorption KW - groundwater pollution KW - hydrolysis KW - sediment pollution KW - Freshwater KW - sediment-water exchanges KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16299640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENVIRON.+CHEM.+TOXICOL.&rft.atitle=Hydrolysis+of+chlorostilbene+oxide.+2.+Modeling+of+hydrolysis+in+aquifer+samples+and+in+sediment-water+systems.&rft.au=El-Sayed+Metwally%2C+M%3BWolfe%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=El-Sayed+Metwally&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=963&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENVIRON.+CHEM.+TOXICOL.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; sorption; groundwater pollution; hydrolysis; sediment pollution; sediment-water exchanges; aromatic hydrocarbons; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in C57BL/6J mice congenic at the Ah locus. AN - 16289186; 2810344 AB - The acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was examined in male C57BL/6J mice differing only at the Ah locus. Wild type mice (Ah super(b/b), "b/b") were treated once with 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mu g TCDD/kg po while congenic mice (Ah super(d/d), "d/d") received a single dose of 0, 400, 800, 1600, 2400, and 3200 mu g TCDD/kg. Mice were checked daily, weighed twice a week, and those that survived, killed 35 days post-treatment. The LD50 values were 159 and 3351 mu g/kg for b/b and d/d mice, respectively. Mean time to death was 22 days and was independent of dose and genotype. Decrease in body weight gain was noted in both strains 5 days after treatment and occurred at doses greater than or equal to 100 mu g/kg in b/b mice and 1600 mu g/kg in d/d mice. Dose-related increases in liver weight (both absolute and relative to body weight) and decreases in thymus, spleen, testes, and epididymal fat pad weights were observed at 8-24-fold higher doses in d/d than in b/b mice. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Birnbaum, L S AU - McDonald, M M AU - Blair, P C AU - Clark, A M AU - Harris, M W AD - Environ. Toxicol. Div. (MD-66), Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 186 EP - 200 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - TCDD KW - mice KW - Ah locus KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - genetics KW - acute toxicity KW - loci KW - X 24151:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16289186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Differential+toxicity+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29+in+C57BL%2F6J+mice+congenic+at+the+Ah+locus.&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+L+S%3BMcDonald%2C+M+M%3BBlair%2C+P+C%3BClark%2C+A+M%3BHarris%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acute toxicity; genetics; loci ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends of PCB, hexachlorobenzene, and beta -benzene hexachloride levels in the adipose tissue of the U.S. population. AN - 16279829; 2800452 AB - Results are presented on the levels of selected toxic chemicals in the adipose tissue of the U.S. population. Estimates of baseline levels and time trends are presented for the chemicals beta -benzene hexachloride ( beta -BHC), hexachlorobenzene, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The statistical analyses are based on chemical data obtained from analysis of tissue specimens collected from a nationally representative sample of autopsied cadavers and surgical patients by EPA's National Human Adipose Tissue Survey during the period 1970 through 1983. The results show that while nearly the entire U.S. population has detectable levels of these chemicals, the actual concentration levels of beta -BHC and PCBs are steadily decreasing and the levels of HCB are remaining fairly constant. Comparisons of levels across demographic subpopulations show that there are some differences in concentration levels across geographic regions, age groups, and race groups. JF - Environmental Research AU - Robinson, P E AU - Mack, G A AU - Remmers, J AU - Levy, R AU - Mohadjer, L AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Toxic Subst., Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 175 EP - 192 VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - PCB KW - hexachlorobenzene KW - beta -benzene hexachloride KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - adipose tissue KW - USA KW - levels KW - man KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16279829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Trends+of+PCB%2C+hexachlorobenzene%2C+and+beta+-benzene+hexachloride+levels+in+the+adipose+tissue+of+the+U.S.+population.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+P+E%3BMack%2C+G+A%3BRemmers%2C+J%3BLevy%2C+R%3BMohadjer%2C+L&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; levels; adipose tissue; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transfer of toxic concentrations of selenium from parent to progeny in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas ). AN - 16276920; 2797720 JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Schultz, R AU - Hermanutz, R AD - U.S. EPA, Monticello Ecol. Res. Stn., P.O. Box 500, Monticello, MN 55362, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 568 EP - 573 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - freshwater fish KW - selenium KW - transfer KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pimephales promelas KW - eggs KW - Freshwater KW - bioaccumulation KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16276920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+toxic+concentrations+of+selenium+from+parent+to+progeny+in+the+fathead+minnow+%28Pimephales+promelas+%29.&rft.au=Schultz%2C+R%3BHermanutz%2C+R&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - eggs; freshwater fish; selenium; bioaccumulation; transfer; Pimephales promelas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extraction and concentration of nonpolar organic toxicants from effluents using solid phase extraction. AN - 16265823; 2796109 AB - To control toxic pollutants in effluents, it is necessary first to identify the toxicants. To make identification possible it is desirable to to isolate the toxicants from their effluent matrices and concentrate them. This article describes a simple method in which the nonpolar organic fraction of an effluent is concentrated into methanol. The methanol solution can be directly analyzed by GC-MS and can also be diluted and tested for toxicity. Results from the laboratory where this method is being used show that in cases where the effluent toxicants were nonpolar organic compounds 60% of the effluent's toxicity was recovered in the methanol concentrate and the toxicants were identified by GC-MS. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Durhan, E J AU - Lukasewycz, M T AU - Amato, J R AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environ. Res. Lab., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 463 EP - 466 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - chemical pollutants KW - solid phase extraction KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - effluents KW - toxicants KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16265823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Extraction+and+concentration+of+nonpolar+organic+toxicants+from+effluents+using+solid+phase+extraction.&rft.au=Durhan%2C+E+J%3BLukasewycz%2C+M+T%3BAmato%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Durhan&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicants; effluents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simple flow-limited model for exchange of organic chemicals at fish gills. AN - 16263995; 2795851 AB - A mathematical model for the exchange of organic chemicals by fish gills was formulated based solely on the limitations imposed by the flows of water and blood into the gills. For large rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss this model was found to closely follow the magnitude and trends of observed gill uptake rates over a range of octanol/water partition coefficient from 1 to 10 super(6). Observations averaged only about 30% less than model predictions. This modest lack-of-fit is presumably due to the effects of diffusional barriers and ionization which would further limit uptake, although uncertainties in model parameters and data are likely also partly responsible. This analysis suggests that these basic physiological parameters are of major importance in the regulation of exchange at fish gills and should be accounted for in more detailed toxicokinetic models. Also, this simple model could by itself be useful for approximate assessments of accumulation of organic chemicals by fish. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Erickson, R J AU - McKim, J M AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 159 EP - 165 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - exchanges KW - fish physiology KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - organic compounds KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - mathematical models KW - gills KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16263995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=A+simple+flow-limited+model+for+exchange+of+organic+chemicals+at+fish+gills.&rft.au=Erickson%2C+R+J%3BMcKim%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - organic compounds; fish physiology; mathematical models; gills; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect, uptake and disposition of nitrobenzene in several terrestrial plants. AN - 16261251; 2796146 AB - Eight species of plants were exposed to nitrobenzene in a hydroponic solution. Four species experienced no depression of either transpiration or photosynthetic rates, while one was rapidly killed and the other three were temporarily affected but recovered from the treatment. Uptake of nitrobenzene was passive and was shown to be proportional to the rate of water flux in each species. The transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF) was 0.72. The root concentration factor (RCF) was variable between the species and was higher than expected, presumably due to deposits of insoluble metabolic products. All of the species examined displayed a capacity to chemically alter nonpolar nitrobenzene into both polar and insoluble products. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Mc Farlane, C AU - Pfleeger, T AU - Fletcher, J AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis Environ. Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 513 EP - 520 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - nitrobenzene KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - plants KW - waste disposal KW - disposal sites KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16261251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effect%2C+uptake+and+disposition+of+nitrobenzene+in+several+terrestrial+plants.&rft.au=Mc+Farlane%2C+C%3BPfleeger%2C+T%3BFletcher%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mc+Farlane&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - disposal sites; toxicity; plants; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A discussion of the methodologies used in pesticide-risk-benefit analysis. AN - 16233096; 2765770 AB - This paper discusses three interrelated aspects of the risk-benefit balancing analysis required in the regulation of pesticides. The objectives are to examine these important and highly visible areas of risk and benefit assessment and to stimulate public discussion and input. Both individual and aggregate risks should be considered when reaching regulatory decisions. Aggregate risk is the most appropriate tool for comparing risk and benefits since benefits are not calculated for an individual, but for the nation as a whole. Aggregate risk estimations are also necessary to evaluate risk trade-offs inherent in pesticide decisions. The calculation of net risk reduction in necessary for cost-effectiveness analysis. When various regulatory options are being considered for a pesticide under review, the options should be judged from the standpoint of cost-effectiveness, or how much risk mitigation is achieved at what cost to society. JF - ENVIRON. PROFESS. AU - Reinert, J C AU - Slotnick, S G AU - Viviani, D J AD - U.S. E.P.A. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 94 EP - 100 VL - 12 IS - 2 KW - cost benefit analysis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - risk assessment KW - pesticides KW - H SE5.15:ACCIDENT AND COUNTERMEASURE COSTS KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16233096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENVIRON.+PROFESS.&rft.atitle=A+discussion+of+the+methodologies+used+in+pesticide-risk-benefit+analysis.&rft.au=Reinert%2C+J+C%3BSlotnick%2C+S+G%3BViviani%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Reinert&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENVIRON.+PROFESS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pesticides; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of organic acid compounds to sediments: Initial model development. AN - 16177528; 2718769 AB - The adsorption to sediments and saturated soils of selected organic acid compounds was examined as a function of compound and sediment properties. Intrinsic compound properties examined included the dissociation constant (pK sub(a)) and hydrophobic character. Properties of the sediment examined included ionic strength and composition, organic carbon content and aqueous phase pH. By varying these properties, adsorption of both the neutral and anionic forms of these compounds was shown to occur. Adsorption of the neutral species occurs similarly to that of other hydrophobic compounds that do not contain acidic functional groups. Adsorption of the anionic species was influenced, however, by intrinsic chemical as well as electrostatic factors. Adsorption of the anionic species to a specific sediment was modeled as a linearly dependent function of pH. Compounds used in this study included 2,4-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC), 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-propanoic acid (silvex), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 4-chloro- alpha -(4-chlorophenyl)-benzeneacetic acid (DDA) and 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB). Sediment and soil samples were collected at various locations across the midwestern USA. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Jafvert, C T AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1259 EP - 1268 VL - 9 IS - 10 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - United States KW - inland water KW - inland water environment KW - organic acids KW - sediment properties KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - USA KW - sorption KW - sediments KW - sediment pollution KW - Freshwater KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16177528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+organic+acid+compounds+to+sediments%3A+Initial+model+development.&rft.au=Jafvert%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Jafvert&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - inland water environment; sorption; sediments; sediment pollution; sediment properties; inland water; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking water from agriculturally contaminated groundwater. AN - 16112204; 2671447 AB - The purpose of this study was to highlight the use of agricultural chemicals and their occurrence in groundwater while focusing on the engineering processes available for removing them to acceptable limits for consumers. Through various case studies and field-scale research projects, several different drinking water treatment technologies have been evaluated for their capability removing various groundwater contaminants. Both central treatment and individual household point of entry devices were studied. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Goodrich, JA AU - Lykins, BW Jr AU - Clark, R M AD - Syst. and Field Eval. Branch, Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 707 EP - 717 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - potable water KW - groundwater contamination KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - fertilizers KW - agriculture KW - pesticides KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16112204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Drinking+water+from+agriculturally+contaminated+groundwater.&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+JA%3BLykins%2C+BW+Jr%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; fertilizers; pesticides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Handling power dyes: Workplace exposure. AN - 16078292; 2631025 AB - The American Textile Manufacturers Institute and the Ecological and Toxicological Association of the Dyestuffs Manufacturing Industry have collaborated with the Office of Toxic Substances of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in assessing potential worker exposure to dye particulates in the air of typical textile dyehouses operating under normal conditions. This consisted of measuring concentrations of dyes in workplace air, and characterizing worker activities and industrial hygiene practices. Twenty-four randomly selected textile dyehouses were evaluated. JF - TEXTILE CHEM. COLOR. AU - Heath, G A AU - Dyson, W AD - U.S. EPA, Washignton, DC, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 25 EP - 31 VL - 22 IS - 4 KW - textile industry KW - power dyes KW - chemical variables measurement KW - air pollution KW - occupational safety KW - risk assessment KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Mechanical Engineering Abstracts (ISMEC) KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SI6.24:TEXTILE INDUSTRIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16078292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TEXTILE+CHEM.+COLOR.&rft.atitle=Handling+power+dyes%3A+Workplace+exposure.&rft.au=Heath%2C+G+A%3BDyson%2C+W&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TEXTILE+CHEM.+COLOR.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; occupational safety; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A systems-level approach to environmental assessment. AN - 16039370; 2603266 AB - This paper presents an overview of the rationale, goals, and primary elements of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), which represents a long-term commitment to periodically assess and document the condition of the ecological resources of the United States. EMAP is being designed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Research and Development. The program will serve a spectrum of decision-makers who require information to set environmental policy, program managers who require an objective basis for allocating research and monitoring funds, scientists who desire a broader understanding of ecosystems, and those interested in evaluating the effectiveness of the environmental policies of the United States. JF - Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry AU - Kutz, F W AU - Linthurst, R A AD - Off. Model., Monit. Syst. and Qual. Assur., Off. Res. and Dev., U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 105 EP - 114 VL - 28 IS - 2-3 SN - 0277-2248, 0277-2248 KW - United States KW - environmental legislation KW - environmental monitoring KW - government policy KW - resource conservation KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - legislation KW - environmental conditions KW - mathematical models KW - USA KW - geography KW - information systems KW - resource management KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16039370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+and+Environmental+Chemistry&rft.atitle=A+systems-level+approach+to+environmental+assessment.&rft.au=Kutz%2C+F+W%3BLinthurst%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Kutz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+and+Environmental+Chemistry&rft.issn=02772248&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - geography; environmental conditions; legislation; mathematical models; information systems; resource conservation; environmental legislation; resource management; government policy; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - San Francisco Bay: beset by freshwater diversion. AN - 16022438; 2590234 AB - Water is the lifeblood of California. It fuels a multibillion dollar agricultural economy and quenches the thirst of increasing masses of people. The problem for California, however, is that water is not found in the same place it is needed and used. About 70 percent of the state's annual runoff occurs north of Sacramento, the capital that lies in the center of the state; 80 percent of the water consumption occurs south of this city. In order to compensate for this uneven distribution and ensure a more reliable water supply statewide, the state built the world's largest manmade water system to convey water from the north to the south. JF - EPA Journal AU - Seraydarian, H AD - U.S. EPA, Reg. 9, San Francisco, CA, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 20 EP - 22 VL - 16 IS - 6 KW - California, San Francisco KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - water supplies KW - environmental protection KW - resource management KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16022438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=San+Francisco+Bay%3A+beset+by+freshwater+diversion.&rft.au=Seraydarian%2C+H&rft.aulast=Seraydarian&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water supplies; resource management; environmental protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ICPEMC working paper 1/2. A multi-factor ranking scheme for comparing the carcinogenic activity of chemicals. AN - 15945623; 2511769 AB - A scheme for ranking the quantitative activity of chemical carcinogens is described. This activity scheme uses as its base, dose potency measured as TD sub(50), the chronic dose rate that actuarially halves the adjusted percentage of tumor-free animals at the end of the study. The TD sub(50) is converted into an inverse log scale, a decile scale, and then adjusted by weighting factors that describe other parameters of carcinogenic activity. JF - Mutation Research AU - Nesnow, S AD - Carcinog. and Metab. Branch, HERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 83 EP - 115 VL - 239 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - chemicals KW - comparison KW - multi-factor ranking scheme KW - tumours KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - carcinogenicity KW - carcinogenicity testing KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15945623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=ICPEMC+working+paper+1%2F2.+A+multi-factor+ranking+scheme+for+comparing+the+carcinogenic+activity+of+chemicals.&rft.au=Nesnow%2C+S&rft.aulast=Nesnow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=239&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carcinogenicity; carcinogenicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Learning and memory deficits in rats following exposure to 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile. AN - 15943614; 2519919 AB - Rats were examined using a learning and memory test battery 4 weeks following exposure to 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN). Initial testing revealed deficits in olfactory discrimination and passive avoidance (PA) conditioning. In order to dissociate learning and performance effects, additional tests were conducted. First, to rule out the possibility that IDPN reduced the aversiveness of foot shock, rats were tested in a simple shock sensitivity paradigm. The results indicated no change in shock sensitivity produced by IDPN. Second, to determine if the hyperactivity produced by IDPN was responsible for deficits in conditioning, several additional tests were conducted including (a) repeated-trials active avoidance (AA) and PA conditioning, (b) a PA study which included both a 1- and 24-hr training-testing interval, and (c) long-delay flavor-aversion conditioning. Rats treated with IDPN required more conditioning trials to reach criterion on both AA and PA procedures suggesting that they were capable of performing the required response but acquired those responses at a much slower rate. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Peele, D B AU - Allison, S D AU - Crofton, K M AD - Neurotoxicol. Div., MD-74B, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 321 EP - 332 VL - 105 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - 3,3'-iminodipropionitrite KW - learning behaviour KW - rats KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - memory KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure KW - Y 25817:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15943614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Learning+and+memory+deficits+in+rats+following+exposure+to+3%2C3%27-iminodipropionitrile.&rft.au=Peele%2C+D+B%3BAllison%2C+S+D%3BCrofton%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Peele&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - memory ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative estimation of the genetic risk associated with the induction of heritable translocations at low-dose exposure: Ethylene oxide as an example. AN - 15940566; 2522303 AB - This paper explores how quantitative risk assessment methods might be extended to analysis of risks to the human germ line. High inhalation exposures to ethylene oxide are reported to cause heritable translocations in male mice with a steep and nonlinear dose-response curve. We explore quantitative estimation of risk to humans from low exposures based on these animal data, addressing questions of tissue dosimetry for this alkylating agent, expected equivalency of doses across species, germ-cell sensitivity, and extrapolation of dose-response relationship to low exposure levels. Various dose-response models are discussed in terms of their applicability to genetic and points and their ability to reflect the underlying basis of induced heritable translocations. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Rhomberg, L AU - Dellarco, V L AU - Siegel-Scott, C AU - Dearfield, K L AU - Jacobson-Kram, D AD - Off. Health and Environ. Assess., RD-689, U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 104 EP - 125 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - man KW - germ cells KW - quantitation KW - risks KW - association KW - induction KW - heritability KW - exposure KW - estimation KW - translocation KW - ethylene oxide KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - genetics KW - H SM5.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15940566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Quantitative+estimation+of+the+genetic+risk+associated+with+the+induction+of+heritable+translocations+at+low-dose+exposure%3A+Ethylene+oxide+as+an+example.&rft.au=Rhomberg%2C+L%3BDellarco%2C+V+L%3BSiegel-Scott%2C+C%3BDearfield%2C+K+L%3BJacobson-Kram%2C+D&rft.aulast=Rhomberg&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetics; translocation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's genetic risk assessment on ethylene oxide. AN - 15940157; 2522285 AB - Many human diseases are inherited. It is generally recognized that most newly appearing mutations that are phenotypically expressed are in some ways deleterious. A large number of synthetic chemicals have been shown to be mutagenic in short-term tests, and several have been shown to induce mutations that are transmitted to the offspring of laboratory mammals. Thus, there is justification for the concern that chemical mutagens may contribute to the genetic disease burden in humans. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Dellarco, V L AU - Farland, W H AD - Off. Health Environ. Assess., U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 83 EP - 84 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - man KW - mutagenicity KW - risks KW - germ cells KW - assessment KW - ethylene oxide KW - EPA KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - mutation KW - genetics KW - risk assessment KW - H SM5.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15940157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+genetic+risk+assessment+on+ethylene+oxide.&rft.au=Dellarco%2C+V+L%3BFarland%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Dellarco&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetics; EPA; risk assessment; mutation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of chicken embryos in a pulsed magnetic field. AN - 15938668; 2531079 AB - Six independent experiments of common design were performed in laboratories in Canada, Spain, Sweden, and the United States of America. Fertilized eggs of domestic chickens were incubated as controls or in a pulsed magnetic field (PMF); embryos were then examined for developmental anomalies. Identical equipment in each laboratory consisted of two incubators, each containing a Helmholtz coil and electronic devices to develop, control, and monitor the pulsed field and to monitor temperature, relative humidity, and vibrations. A unipolar, pulsed, magnetic field (500- mu s pulse duration, 100 pulses per s, 1- mu T peak density, and 2- mu s rise and fall time) was applied to experimental eggs during 48 h of incubation. In each laboratory, ten eggs were simultaneously sham exposed in a control incubator (pulse generator not activated) while the PMF was applied to ten eggs in the other incubator. JF - Bioelectromagnetics AU - Berman, E AU - Chacon, L AU - House, D AU - Koch, BA AU - Koch, W E AU - Leal, J AU - Loevtrup, S AU - Mantiply, E AU - Martin, AH AD - Dev. Toxicol. Div., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 169 EP - 187 VL - 11 IS - 2 KW - embryos KW - magnetic fields KW - chickens KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H SM9.41:RADIATION INJURIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15938668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.atitle=Development+of+chicken+embryos+in+a+pulsed+magnetic+field.&rft.au=Berman%2C+E%3BChacon%2C+L%3BHouse%2C+D%3BKoch%2C+BA%3BKoch%2C+W+E%3BLeal%2C+J%3BLoevtrup%2C+S%3BMantiply%2C+E%3BMartin%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonaqueous ion-exchange separation technique for use in bioassay-directed fractionation of complex mixtures: Application to wood smoke particle extracts. AN - 15936167; 2508680 AB - We have explored the feasibility of an alternative method for acid/base/neutral separation of atmospheric samples such as wood smoke particle extracts that contain highly polar or acidic organic species. Ion-exchange resins, Amberlyst 15 and Amberlyst 26, were used with organic solvents for fractionating a standard mixture of organic acid, base, and neutral compounds, and a dichloromethane extract from pine wood smoke particles. Total recovery of individual standard compounds was 85-124% and qualitative separation between chemical classes was good. The recovery of wood soot extract through the fractionation system was 107 plus or minus 13%, with 15% in the basic fraction, 55% in the neutral fraction, and 20% and 17% in two acidic fractions. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Bell, DA AU - Karam, H AU - Kamens, R M AD - Natl. Res. Counc., Genet. Toxicol. Div., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1261 EP - 1264 VL - 24 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - ion exchange KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - wood KW - separation processes KW - feasibility studies KW - smoke KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15936167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Nonaqueous+ion-exchange+separation+technique+for+use+in+bioassay-directed+fractionation+of+complex+mixtures%3A+Application+to+wood+smoke+particle+extracts.&rft.au=Bell%2C+DA%3BKaram%2C+H%3BKamens%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - separation processes; wood; smoke; feasibility studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-related changes in sensitivity to environmental chemicals. AN - 15915399; 2496144 AB - The processes of aging result in many physiological changes which can lead to alterations in both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Such changes can result in altered sensitivity to chemicals, whether drugs or environmental agents, in the elderly. It is extremely difficult, however, to generalize about the nature of such changes. Part of this may reflect disagreement, or at least, confusion in the literature over what the term "age" means. It is not uncommon for a study to discuss age-related changes and, in fact, be comparing neonatal to pubescent or young adult animals. Therefore, it is clear that "age" should always be clearly defined. When interest is in post-maturational changes which occur during the lifespan, age-related comparisons should be made between young adults, middle-aged organisms, and, at the very least, those at the mean life-span of the population. JF - EISEI KAGAKU. AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - Div. Environ. Toxicol., HERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 461 EP - 479 VL - 36 IS - 6 KW - xenobiotics KW - sensitivity KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - age KW - man KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15915399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EISEI+KAGAKU.&rft.atitle=Age-related+changes+in+sensitivity+to+environmental+chemicals.&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EISEI+KAGAKU.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - age; man; toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-related changes in toxicity and biotransformation of potassium cyanide in male C57BL/6N mice. AN - 15904866; 2495933 AB - Age-related changes in toxicity and biotransformation of KCN, an ubiquitous environmental toxicant, have not been previously examined. Male C57BL/6N mice aged 2-3 (young), 10-12 (middle-aged), and 25-30 (old) months were administered KCN at 1, 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg po, and toxic manifestations were monitored for up to 2 hr. The toxic response to KCN (prostration and labored breathing) was significantly greater in 10-12 and 25-30 month vs that in 2-3 month mice at 4 and 6 mg/kg KCN. The basis for this age-related difference in in vivo toxicity was examined by studying biotransformation of KCN to thiocyanate by liver and brain rhodanese (RHO), as well as activity of liver and brain cytochrome oxidase (C-OX), inhibition of C-OX by KCN, and activity of beta -mercaptopyruvate transsulfurase (MT). Tissue and blood levels of CN super(-) following a toxic dose of 6 mg/kg KCN were also measured. No age-related differences were observed in the specific activity of liver and brain RHO, MT, or C-OX. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - McMahon, T F AU - Birnbaum, L S AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Toxicol. Div., MD-66, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 305 EP - 314 VL - 105 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - potassium cyanide KW - toxicity KW - biotransformation KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - age KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15904866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Age-related+changes+in+toxicity+and+biotransformation+of+potassium+cyanide+in+male+C57BL%2F6N+mice.&rft.au=McMahon%2C+T+F%3BBirnbaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - age ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation of pastoralist campsites within the coastal grassland of central Somalia. AN - 15903952; 2496046 AB - Seasonal occupancy of pastoralist campsites where livestock are bedded down at night has created islands of soil fertility within the coastal grassland of central Somalia. Soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium concentrations were greatest at the centre of the campsites and decreased towards the perimeter. The vegetation on the campsites differed from the surrounding grasslands, presumably in response to soil fertility and intense grazing. The fast-growing, grazing-tolerant, stoloniferous grass, Cynodon dactylon , and the non-palatable, annual forbs, Cleome tenella and Gisekia pharnaceoides , occupied the centre of the campsites. The campsite perimeters were dominated by the slow-growing, grazing-sensitive, perennial plants Cencrhus ciliaris and Indigofera intricata . JF - African journal of ecology. Nairobi AU - Barker, J R AU - Thurow, T L AU - Herlocker, D J AD - NSI Tech. Serv. Corp., U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 291 EP - 297 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0141-6707, 0141-6707 KW - vegetation KW - pastoralist campsites KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - soil fertility KW - grasslands KW - Somalia KW - D 04116:Tropical savannahs KW - D 04694:Human settlements UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15903952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+journal+of+ecology.+Nairobi&rft.atitle=Vegetation+of+pastoralist+campsites+within+the+coastal+grassland+of+central+Somalia.&rft.au=Barker%2C+J+R%3BThurow%2C+T+L%3BHerlocker%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=African+journal+of+ecology.+Nairobi&rft.issn=01416707&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Somalia; soil fertility; grasslands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transconjugation between bacteria in the digestive tract of the cutworm Peridroma saucia . AN - 15899569; 2479608 AB - Transconjugants arising from transfer of plasmid R388::TN1721 between donor and recipient strains of Enterobacter cloacae were detected in samples from the digestive tracts and fecal pellets of variegated cutworms (Peridroma saucia ). JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Armstrong, J L AU - Wood, N D AU - Porteous, LA AD - Terr. Microb. Ecol./Biotechnol. Program, U.S. EPA, ERL, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1492 EP - 1493 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Peridroma saucia KW - antibiotics KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - conjugation KW - digestive tract KW - Lepidoptera KW - Enterobacter cloacae KW - plasmids KW - Noctuidae KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05200:Symbiosis & commensalism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15899569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Transconjugation+between+bacteria+in+the+digestive+tract+of+the+cutworm+Peridroma+saucia+.&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+J+L%3BWood%2C+N+D%3BPorteous%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterobacter cloacae; Noctuidae; Lepidoptera; digestive tract; plasmids; conjugation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current status of short-term tests for carcinogenicity. AN - 15896964; 2487656 JF - J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH, PART C: CARCINOG. REV. AU - Auletta, A AD - Health and Environ. Rev. Div., Off. Toxic Subst., U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1 EP - 43 VL - C8 IS - 1 KW - carcinogenicity KW - in vitro KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - carcinogenesis KW - bioassays KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15896964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+C%3A+CARCINOG.+REV.&rft.atitle=Current+status+of+short-term+tests+for+carcinogenicity.&rft.au=Auletta%2C+A&rft.aulast=Auletta&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=C8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+ENVIRON.+SCI.+HEALTH%2C+PART+C%3A+CARCINOG.+REV.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bioassays; reviews; carcinogenesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimization of transient emissions from rotary kiln incinerators. AN - 15886038; 2465825 AB - Transient emissions of organics can occur from rotary kiln incinerators when drums containing liquid wastes bound on sorbents are introduced in a batch-wise fashion. Physical processes controlling the release of waste from the sorbent material are greatly affected by the rotation speed of the kiln and the kiln temperature. Local partial pressure of oxygen influences the rate of oxidation of the puff formed inside the kiln. These physical and chemical phenomena can be exploited to effect control of transient emissions by oxygen enrichment, where this is accomplished in either a steady or a dynamic mode. JF - Combustion Science and Technology AU - Lemieux, P M AU - Linak, W P AU - McSorley, JA AU - Wendt, JOL AU - Dunn, JE AD - Combust. Res. Branch, MD-65, Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 311 EP - 325 VL - 74 IS - 1-6 SN - 0010-2202, 0010-2202 KW - emission control KW - emissions control KW - combustion KW - combustion products KW - incinerators KW - physicochemical properties KW - waste treatment KW - Mechanical Engineering Abstracts (ISMEC); Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15886038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Combustion+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Minimization+of+transient+emissions+from+rotary+kiln+incinerators.&rft.au=Lemieux%2C+P+M%3BLinak%2C+W+P%3BMcSorley%2C+JA%3BWendt%2C+JOL%3BDunn%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Lemieux&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Combustion+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=00102202&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - combustion; incinerators; waste treatment; physicochemical properties; combustion products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of particulate emissions control on the control of other MWC air emissions. AN - 15880972; 2463817 AB - On December 20, 1989, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed revised new source performance standards for new municipal waste combustion (MWC) units and guidelines for existing sources. The proposed national regulations require tighter particulate matter control and address precombustion, combustion, and post-combustion controls, the latter two depending on capacity and age of the facility. The air pollutants of concern when municipal solid waste (MSW) is burned will be discussed. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Brna, T G AU - Kilgroe, J D AD - U.S. EPA, Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., Reserach Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1324 EP - 1330 VL - 40 IS - 9 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - municipal wastes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - combustion KW - emission control KW - particulates KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15880972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+particulate+emissions+control+on+the+control+of+other+MWC+air+emissions.&rft.au=Brna%2C+T+G%3BKilgroe%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Brna&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - combustion; EPA; particulates; emission control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of temperature and salinity on Menidia beryllina embryos exposed to terbufos. AN - 15879932; 2464221 AB - Embryos of the inland silverside Menidia beryllina were exposed to the organophosphorus pesticide terbufos at 9 combinations of temperature and salinity. Endpoints were embryo survival, hatching and percentage of larvae with normal vertebrae. Embryo survival was significantly lower in tests conducted at 20 degree C for all salinities. Salinity affected survival only at combinations of 20 ppt and 100 mu g terbufos/l. Both temperature and salinity affected the percentage hatch, with the lowest hatching occurring in tests at 20 degree C and in tests conducted at 20 ppt. The percentage of larvae with normal vertebrae was significantly reduced from controls at terbufos concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mu g/l for the 3 temperatures tested, whereas salinity showed no significant effect. Anomalies in the development of vertebrae occurred across all temperature and salinity combinations, and were observed at concentrations as low as 12.5 mu g terbufos/l. JF - Diseases of Aquatic Organisms AU - Hemmer, MJ AU - Middaugh, D P AU - Moore, J C AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze Environ. Res. Lab., Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 127 EP - 136 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0177-5103, 0177-5103 KW - embryos KW - organic phosphorus KW - pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - salinity KW - salinity effects KW - temperature KW - temperature effects KW - teratogenesis KW - teratology KW - terbufos KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Menidia beryllina KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - toxicity KW - pesticides KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15879932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.atitle=Effects+of+temperature+and+salinity+on+Menidia+beryllina+embryos+exposed+to+terbufos.&rft.au=Hemmer%2C+MJ%3BMiddaugh%2C+D+P%3BMoore%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Hemmer&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.issn=01775103&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - salinity effects; toxicity; teratology; temperature effects; salinity; pesticides; organic phosphorus; temperature; teratogenesis; Menidia beryllina; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A physiologically based toxicokinetic model for the uptake and disposition of waterborne organic chemicals in fish. AN - 15879669; 2464615 AB - A physiologically based toxicokinetic model was developed to predict the uptake and disposition of waterborne organic chemicals in fish. The model consists of a set of mass-balance differential equations which describe the time course of chemical concentration within each of five tissue compartments: liver, kidney, fat, and richly perfused and poorly perfused tissue. Model compartmentalization and blood perfusion relationships were designed to reflect the physiology of fishes. Chemical uptake and elimination at the gills were modeled as countercurrent exchange processes, limited by the chemical capacity of blood and water flows. The model was evaluated by exposing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) to pentachloroethane (PCE) in water in fish respirometer-metabolism chambers. Exposure to 1500, 150, or 15 mu g PCE/liter for 48 hr resulted in corresponding changes in the magnitude of blood concentrations without any change in uptake kinetics. The extraction efficiency for the chemical from water decreased throughout each exposure, declining from 65 to 20% in 48 hr. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Nichols, J W AU - McKim, J M AU - Andersen, ME AU - Gargas, M L AU - Clewell, HJ III AU - Erickson, R J AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab.-Duluth, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 433 EP - 447 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Salmo gairdneri KW - chemical pollutants KW - disposition KW - pentachloroethane KW - uptake KW - xenobiotics KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pisces KW - models KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - bioaccumulation KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15879669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=A+physiologically+based+toxicokinetic+model+for+the+uptake+and+disposition+of+waterborne+organic+chemicals+in+fish.&rft.au=Nichols%2C+J+W%3BMcKim%2C+J+M%3BAndersen%2C+ME%3BGargas%2C+M+L%3BClewell%2C+HJ+III%3BErickson%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; chemical pollutants; bioaccumulation; Pisces; Oncorhynchus mykiss ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertebral abnormalities in juvenile inland silversides Menidia beryllina exposed to terbufos during embryogenesis. AN - 15861840; 2453637 AB - Embryos of the inland silverside Menidia beryllina were exposed to a nominal concentration of 50 mu g terbufos/l during the first 5 d of embryogenesis. Silversides were maintained in clean dilute seawater until 37 d after hatching. Radiographs revealed compressed and fused vertebrae and dorsal-ventral misalignment of pre- and post-zygapophyseal processes. Histopathological examination of representative individuals exposed to terbufos during embryogenesis revealed various vertebral lesions ranging from small hyperostoses to almost complete fusion of some vertebrae. JF - Diseases of Aquatic Organisms AU - Middaugh, D P AU - Fournie, J W AU - Hemmer, MJ AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze Environ. Res. Lab., Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 109 EP - 116 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0177-5103, 0177-5103 KW - abnormalities KW - embryonic development KW - pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - sublethal effects KW - terbufos KW - toxicity tests KW - vertebrae KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Menidia beryllina KW - Marine KW - histopathology KW - lesions KW - embryos KW - pesticides KW - X 24134:Pathology KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15861840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.atitle=Vertebral+abnormalities+in+juvenile+inland+silversides+Menidia+beryllina+exposed+to+terbufos+during+embryogenesis.&rft.au=Middaugh%2C+D+P%3BFournie%2C+J+W%3BHemmer%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Middaugh&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diseases+of+Aquatic+Organisms&rft.issn=01775103&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lesions; embryonic development; embryos; vertebrae; abnormalities; histopathology; sublethal effects; pesticides; Menidia beryllina; Marine ER - TY - CONF T1 - Cleaning of flue gases from waste combustors. AN - 15858663; 2454942 AB - The combustion of hazardous and municipal wastes can effectively destroy targeted substances and reduce waste volume, thus extending the useful life of existing landfills. In addition, combustion may serve the beneficial conversion of waste to energy, such as for heating, cooling, or electrical energy applications. These benefits, however, are accompanied by the emission of air pollutants which require post-combustion controls in order to meet regulatory requirements. Air pollutants resulting from the combustion of hazardous and municipal wastes which may require control include: acid gases, organic compounds, heavy metals, and particulate matter. Dry, semi-dry, and wet processes are available to control these classes of pollutants. JF - Combustion Science and Technology AU - Brna, T G Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 83 EP - 98 VL - 74 IS - 1-6 KW - combustion KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - municipal wastes KW - hazardous wastes KW - cleaning process KW - flue gas KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15858663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Combustion+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Cleaning+of+flue+gases+from+waste+combustors.&rft.au=Brna%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Brna&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Combustion+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=00102202&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TCDD-induced altered expression of growth factors may have a role in producing cleft palate and enhancing the incidence of clefts after coadministration of retinoic acid and TCDD. AN - 15858346; 2453536 AB - The present study examines the effect of TCDD on the expression of growth factors which are believed to regulate differentiation and proliferation in the palate. This study also examined the combined effect of TCDD and retinoic acid (RA), since in teratology studies coadministration of these agents results in a enhancement of cleft palate incidence. TCDD reduced the expression of TGF- alpha , EGF, and TGF- beta 1 in epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The degree of reduction was generally greater after exposure on GD 10 to TCDD alone or in combination with RA when compared to that on GD12. The abnormal proliferation and differentiation of TCDD-exposed medial cells may be a response to reduced expression of EGF and TGF- alpha . Low levels of these factors may be related to the previously observed elevated levels of EGF receptors in medial cells. In other systems, low levels of ligand have resulted in upregulation of the EGF receptor. Continued proliferation and altered differentiation could also be attributable to decreased levels of TGF- beta 1, a factor inhibitory to epithelial proliferation. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Abbott, B D AU - Birnabaum, L S AD - Dev. Toxicol. Div., MD-67, HERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 418 EP - 432 VL - 106 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - TCDD KW - growth factors KW - retinoic acid KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15858346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=TCDD-induced+altered+expression+of+growth+factors+may+have+a+role+in+producing+cleft+palate+and+enhancing+the+incidence+of+clefts+after+coadministration+of+retinoic+acid+and+TCDD.&rft.au=Abbott%2C+B+D%3BBirnabaum%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - teratogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute exposure to tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate produces hippocampal neuronal loss and impairs learning in rats. AN - 15857673; 2454075 AB - Adult female, Fischer-344 rats were exposed to 275 mg/kg of tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TRCP) by gavage. TRCP produced consistent signs of convulsive activity within 60-90 min after dosing and extensive loss of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells when examined 7 days after dosing. At the light microscopic level, toxic effects of TRCP on pyramidal cells in the CA3 and CA4 regions and on granule cells in the dentate gyrus were less severe than those on the CA1 cells. The seizure-related and neurohistological effects of TRCP were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with atropine or chlordizepoxide, suggesting that the hippocampal damage was related to the seizures produced by TRCP. In a second experiment designed to assess the potential health risk associated with TRCP, exposed rats were mildly impaired in the acquisition of a reference memory task in a water maze. TRCP-exposed rats were consistently impaired in performing a repeated acquisition task in the water maze. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Tilson, HA AU - Veronesi, B AU - McLamb, R L AU - Matthews, H B AD - Neurotoxicol. Div., HERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 254 EP - 269 VL - 106 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate KW - loss KW - learning behaviour KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - hippocampus KW - neurons KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - N3 11139:Toxicological and psychoactive drug correlates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15857673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Acute+exposure+to+tris%282-chloroethyl%29phosphate+produces+hippocampal+neuronal+loss+and+impairs+learning+in+rats.&rft.au=Tilson%2C+HA%3BVeronesi%2C+B%3BMcLamb%2C+R+L%3BMatthews%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Tilson&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - neurons; hippocampus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A CASE-SAR analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenicity. AN - 15857110; 2453948 AB - A CASE SAR analysis was performed on a selected database of PAHs to investigate the possible use of the CASE method as an aid for preliminary assessment of carcinogenic potential of untested environmental PAHs. A data set, denoted LEARN, consisting of 78 PAHs and their experimental carcinogenicities was used to "train" the CASE method and derive the CASE fragments. 8 activating fragments and 4 inactivating fragments were identified. These fragments predicted the activities of 94% of the LEARN set correctly. The biological significance of several of these fragments are rationalized in light of the current theories of PAH carcinogenesis. Using these fragments, the potential activities of a database of 106, mostly untested PAHs, denoted TEST, were predicted. These were compared to "expert judgement" predictions based on mechanistic considerations in order to evaluate the extent of concordance between these two methods and their respective strengths and weaknesses. JF - Mutation Research AU - Richard, A M AU - Woo, Yin-Tak AD - MD-68, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 285 EP - 303 VL - 242 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - structure-activity relationships KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - carcinogenicity KW - carcinogenesis KW - mutation KW - H SM5.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15857110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=A+CASE-SAR+analysis+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+carcinogenicity.&rft.au=Richard%2C+A+M%3BWoo%2C+Yin-Tak&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=242&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carcinogenicity; carcinogenesis; mutation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of nonspecific macromolecular labeling with environmental parameters during ( super(3)H)thymidine incorporation in the waters of southwest Florida. AN - 15851800; 2449200 AB - During routine ( super(3)H)thymidine incorporation measurements of environmental samples, significant amounts of radioactivity are often incorporated into macromolecules other than DNA. Although the percentage of nonspecific labeling varies both temporally and spatially, the cause(s) of these variations remain unknown. Correlations between the percent incorporated radioactivity in DNA and a variety of experimental and environmental parameters measured in the Alafia River, Crystal River, Medard Reservoir, and Bayboro Harbor were examined. The results indicate that nonspecific labeling is not dependent on any one parameter but may be a function of many interacting environmental factors or a function of the specific ambient bacterial population. JF - Microbial ecology. New York NY AU - Jeffrey, W H AU - Paul, J H AU - Cazares, LH AU - DeFlaun, M F AU - David, A W AD - Tech. Resour., Inc., c/o U.S. EPA Environ. Red. Lab., Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 21 EP - 35 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0095-3628, 0095-3628 KW - environmental conditions KW - incorporation KW - labelling KW - macromolecules KW - populations KW - thymidine KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - water KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - USA, Florida KW - radioactivity KW - Freshwater KW - coastal zone KW - coastal waters KW - bacteria KW - molecules KW - water pollution KW - A 01108:Other water systems KW - J 02905:Water KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15851800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+ecology.+New+York+NY&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+nonspecific+macromolecular+labeling+with+environmental+parameters+during+%28+super%283%29H%29thymidine+incorporation+in+the+waters+of+southwest+Florida.&rft.au=Jeffrey%2C+W+H%3BPaul%2C+J+H%3BCazares%2C+LH%3BDeFlaun%2C+M+F%3BDavid%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Jeffrey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+ecology.+New+York+NY&rft.issn=00953628&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water; coastal zone; coastal waters; radioactivity; bacteria; molecules; water pollution; populations; ASW, USA, Florida; USA, Florida; Marine; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant competition for light analyzed with a multispecies canopy model. III. Influence of canopy structure in mixtures and monocultures of wheat and wild oat. AN - 15849221; 2447804 AB - A multispecies canopy photosynthesis simulation model was used to examine the importance of canopy structure in influencing light interception and carbon gain in mixed and pure stands of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.), a common weedy competitor of wheat. In the mixtures, the fraction of the simulated canopy photosynthesis contributed by wheat was found to decline during the growing season and this decline was closely related to reductions in the amount of leaf area in upper canopy layers. For both species in mixture and in monoculture, simulated photosynthesis was greatest in the middle or upper-middle canopy layers and sensitivity analyses revealed that canopy photosynthesis was most sensitive to changes in leaf area and leaf inclination in these layers. JF - Oecologia AU - Barnes, P W AU - Beyschlag, W AU - Ryel, R AU - Flint, S D AU - Caldwell, M M AD - NSI Technology Services Corp., US EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 Southwest 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 560 EP - 566 VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - light KW - models KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Avena fatua KW - Triticum aestivum KW - canopies KW - competition KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15849221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Plant+competition+for+light+analyzed+with+a+multispecies+canopy+model.+III.+Influence+of+canopy+structure+in+mixtures+and+monocultures+of+wheat+and+wild+oat.&rft.au=Barnes%2C+P+W%3BBeyschlag%2C+W%3BRyel%2C+R%3BFlint%2C+S+D%3BCaldwell%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Avena fatua; competition; canopies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combustion control of organic emissions from municipal waste combustors. AN - 15847211; 2454407 AB - This article identifies specific combustion conditions which are postulated to lead to low emission of organics (components of GCP); summarizes experimental correlations between GCP components and organic emissions; and briefly discusses strategies for applying GCP to ensure continuous control of organic emissions. Background information on CDD/CDF formation theories is also presented and additional research needed to establish the effectiveness of combustion strategies for control of MWC organic emissions is discussed. JF - Combustion Science and Technology AU - Kilgroe, J D AU - Nelson, L P AU - Schindler, P J AU - Lanier, W S AD - U.S. EPA, Air and Energy Eng. Res. Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 223 EP - 244 VL - 74 IS - 1-6 SN - 0010-2202, 0010-2202 KW - combustion KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste treatment KW - municipal wastes KW - incineration KW - emission control KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15847211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Combustion+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Combustion+control+of+organic+emissions+from+municipal+waste+combustors.&rft.au=Kilgroe%2C+J+D%3BNelson%2C+L+P%3BSchindler%2C+P+J%3BLanier%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Kilgroe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1-6&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Combustion+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=00102202&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - waste treatment; emission control; municipal wastes; incineration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-effects functions for carboxyhemoglobin and behavior. AN - 15841382; 2430194 AB - Literature on dose-effects functions of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and human behavior is internally inconsistent. A recent study was performed to describe such a function for tracking behavior in humans. No significant effects were found, however, even for COHb levels up to ca. 17%. The present review and analysis of published data was undertaken to attempt to reduce uncertainty about COHb dose-effects functions. Review of the human dose-effects function publications for COHb and behavior revealed that no significant findings had survived the test of direct or partial replication. Other studies found no significant effects. A dose-effects curve was fitted to the human data from one study and compared to the laboratory animal curves. Extrapolation of the human curve was used to suggest that the dose-effects curves for humans and laboratory animals were of similar form and that effects of COHb on behavior in man are small or absent below ca. 20%. It is also possible that some uncontrolled variables are affecting the results so that COHb produces effects only some of the time. No conclusion can be drawn from the body of literature due to the divergence of results. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Benignus, V A AU - Muller, KE AU - Malott, C M AD - U.S. EPA, Hum. Stud. Div., Clin. Res. Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 111 EP - 118 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - carbon monoxide KW - levels KW - tracking KW - carboxyhemoglobin KW - behaviour KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - animals KW - dose-response effects KW - man KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15841382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Dose-effects+functions+for+carboxyhemoglobin+and+behavior.&rft.au=Benignus%2C+V+A%3BMuller%2C+KE%3BMalott%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Benignus&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dose-response effects; man; animals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of the surface microlayer to the environmental fate of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate predicted from marine microcosms. AN - 15830390; 2425220 AB - The quantitative significance of the surface microlayer (SML) to the environmental fate of the industrial plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), in marine coastal systems was established by the use of experimental microcosms. The effects of season, sea-state and associated solvents were investigated. The results demonstrated that the SML community rapidly degraded DEHP to such an extent that under certain treatment conditions biodegradation was the dominant removal process compared with physical transport. Biodegradation of DEHP by the SML biota was estimated to account for at least 30% of the total budget. Extrapolation of the laboratory results to the simulated field system (the West Passage of Narragansett Bay, RI), is discussed within the context of potential artifacts of the marine microcosms. JF - Marine Chemistry AU - Davey, E W AU - Perez, K T AU - Soper, A E AU - Lackie, N F AU - Morrison, GE AU - Johnson, R L AU - Heltshe, J F AD - U.S. EPA, ERL, S. Ferry Rd., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 231 EP - 269 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0304-4203, 0304-4203 KW - bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate KW - chemical pollutants KW - di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate KW - fate KW - marine microorganisms KW - surface microlayer KW - surface microlayers KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - biodegradation KW - marine pollution KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q4 27480:Environmental Applications/Impact KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - D 04802:Pollution characteristics and fate KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15830390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Significance+of+the+surface+microlayer+to+the+environmental+fate+of+di%282-ethylhexyl%29phthalate+predicted+from+marine+microcosms.&rft.au=Davey%2C+E+W%3BPerez%2C+K+T%3BSoper%2C+A+E%3BLackie%2C+N+F%3BMorrison%2C+GE%3BJohnson%2C+R+L%3BHeltshe%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Chemistry&rft.issn=03044203&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical pollutants; biodegradation; marine pollution; fate; marine microorganisms; surface microlayers; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depuration kinetics of hexachlorobenzene in the clam, Macoma nasuta . AN - 15827599; 2416883 AB - The depuration rate constant for ( super(14)C)hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the clam, Macoma nasuta , was determined following a short-term exposure to HCB contaminated seawater. Depuration was not correlated with ventilation volume, nor did the amount of sediment ingested during depuration have a significant effect. The half-life for HCB in M. nasuta was estimated to be 16 days with a bioconcentration factor of 3490 (wet weight basis). JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C AU - Boese, B L AU - Winsor, M AU - Lee, H II AU - Specht, D T AU - Rukavina, K C AD - Pac. Ecosyst. Branch, Environ. Res. Lab., Narragansett, U.S. EPA, Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 327 EP - 331 VL - 96C IS - 2 SN - 0742-8413, 0742-8413 KW - depuration KW - hexachlorobenzene KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - self purification KW - marine pollution KW - Macoma nasuta KW - bioaccumulation KW - pollution effects KW - kinetics KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15827599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology%2C+C&rft.atitle=Depuration+kinetics+of+hexachlorobenzene+in+the+clam%2C+Macoma+nasuta+.&rft.au=Boese%2C+B+L%3BWinsor%2C+M%3BLee%2C+H+II%3BSpecht%2C+D+T%3BRukavina%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Boese&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=96C&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology%2C+C&rft.issn=07428413&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - self purification; marine pollution; pollution effects; kinetics; bioaccumulation; Macoma nasuta; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing the dispersive state of convective boundary layers for applied dispersion modeling. AN - 15827280; 2427441 AB - Estimates from semiempirical models that characterize surface heat flux, mixing depth, and profiles of temperature, wind, and turbulence are compared with observations from atmospheric field studies conducted in Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, and Minnesota. Sodar observations are compared with tower measurements at the Colorado site, for wind and turbulence profiles. The median surface heat flux, as calculated using surface-layer-flux-profile relationships and an energy budget model, was consistently overestimated by 20 to 80%. Several mixing-depth models were evaluated: (1) integration of the hourly surface heat flux and friction velocity, (2) solving for the time rate of change of profiles of virtual potential temperature, and (3) an interpolation scheme used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in regulatory dispersion models. JF - BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROL. AU - Irwin, J S AU - Paumier, JO AD - Atmos. Sci. Model., Div. Atmos. Res. and Exposure Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 267 EP - 296 VL - 53 IS - 3 KW - temperature KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - wind KW - turbulence KW - boundary layers KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15827280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BOUNDARY-LAYER+METEOROL.&rft.atitle=Characterizing+the+dispersive+state+of+convective+boundary+layers+for+applied+dispersion+modeling.&rft.au=Irwin%2C+J+S%3BPaumier%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BOUNDARY-LAYER+METEOROL.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wind; turbulence; boundary layers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workshop on the qualitative and quantitative comparability of human and animal developmental neurotoxicity: Summary and implications. AN - 15827058; 2416733 AB - The Workshop on the Qualitative and Quantitative Comparibility of Human and Animal Developmental Neurotoxicity was convened by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse to address issues related to when testing should be required, what test methodologies should be required, and how the data should be interpreted and applied to the risk assessment process. This overview: summarizes the qualitative comparisons presented at the Workshop and attempts to make some quantitative comparisons of findings across mammalian species following exposure to developmental neurotoxicants, brings the common themes that were discussed among the Work Groups together into a regulatory perspective, provides a status report on EPA's developmental neurotoxicity protocol, and identifies research needs in the development of test methodologies and improvement of risk assessments for developmental neurotoxicants. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Francis, E Z AU - Kimmel, CA AU - Rees, D C AD - U.S. EPA, RD-689, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 285 EP - 292 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - neurotoxins KW - comparison KW - methodology KW - development KW - man KW - tests KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - animals KW - toxicity KW - risk assessment KW - N3 11101:General KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - N3 11041:General KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15827058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Workshop+on+the+qualitative+and+quantitative+comparability+of+human+and+animal+developmental+neurotoxicity%3A+Summary+and+implications.&rft.au=Francis%2C+E+Z%3BKimmel%2C+CA%3BRees%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity; animals; risk assessment; toxicity testing; development; man; tests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Update on building and structure decontamination. AN - 15826337; 2421439 AB - Cleanup of the nation's hazardous waste sites is a top environmental priority. Since the ultimate objective of many cleanup programs is to return the contaminated site and buildings on the site to active use, additional information regarding both established and emerging technologies for building decontamination is needed. A pilot scale study was performed at an actual Superfund Site to evaluate, side by side, the efficacy of PCB removal using two decontamination processes. One process entails use of a shotblasting technique in which contaminated concrete surfaces are cut away and physically removed. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Barkley, N P AD - U.S. EPA, Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1174 EP - 1178 VL - 40 IS - 8 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - buildings KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - cleaning process KW - concrete KW - decontamination KW - disposal sites KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15826337?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Update+on+building+and+structure+decontamination.&rft.au=Barkley%2C+N+P&rft.aulast=Barkley&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - decontamination; concrete; cleaning process; disposal sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fourteen- and ninety-day oral toxicity studies of methyl tertiary-butyl ether in Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 15825410; 2430153 AB - Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MtBE) for 14 or 90 days to evaluate subacute and subchronic toxicity. Five daily dose levels ranged from 0 to 1428 mg/kg body weight for the 14 day study and 0 to 1200 mg/kg body weight for the 90-day exposure. Controls received the corn oil vehicle. At or above dose levels of 1200 mg/kg, MtBE-induced anesthesia lasted about 2 h, followed by uneventful recovery. Diarrhea was common in all treatment groups, but no deaths were attributed to MtBE toxicity. In the subacute study, lung weights were reduced in high-dose females. Trends in the 14-day exposure also included increased cholesterol in both females and males and decreased blood-urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in females. In the 90-day study, females exhibited elevated cholesterol and decreased BUN, while creatinine was decreased in high-dose males. JF - Journal of the American College of Toxicology AU - Robinson, M AU - Bruner, R H AU - Olson, G R AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, 26 Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 525 EP - 540 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0730-0913, 0730-0913 KW - methyl tertiary-butyl ether KW - toxicity KW - oral administration KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15825410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Fourteen-+and+ninety-day+oral+toxicity+studies+of+methyl+tertiary-butyl+ether+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+M%3BBruner%2C+R+H%3BOlson%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=07300913&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The influence of ambient temperature on tailpipe emissions from 1985 to 1987 model year light-duty gasoline motor vehicles--II. AN - 15823745; 2424753 AB - Tailpipe emissions from gasoline fueled motor vehicles are sensitive to a number of factors including driving schedule (speed vs time), ambient temperature and fuel composition. The sensitivity of hydrocarbon (HC), aldehyde, CO, and oxides of nitrogen (NO sub(x)) emissions to these variables was examined with 11 recent technology (1985-1987 model year) four- six- and eight-cylinder gasoline fueled motor vehicles. In excess of 200 individual HCs and 12 aldehydes were included in the detailed organic emission characterizations. Two fuels and driving schedules were used. Hydrocarbon and CO emissions increased significantly and NO sub(x) emissions, in general, increased slightly as ambient temperature decreased. Formaldehyde also increased only slightly at test temperature decreased. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Stump, F AU - Tejada, S AU - Ray, W AU - Dropkin, D AU - Black, F AU - Snow, R AU - Crews, W AU - Siudak, P AU - Davis, C O AU - Carter, P Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 2105 EP - 2112 VL - 24A IS - 8 KW - temperature KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - nitrogen oxides KW - formaldehyde KW - benzene KW - carbon monoxide KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - hydrocarbons KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H ST2.26:EMISSIONS AND EMISSION CONTROL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15823745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+ambient+temperature+on+tailpipe+emissions+from+1985+to+1987+model+year+light-duty+gasoline+motor+vehicles--II.&rft.au=Stump%2C+F%3BTejada%2C+S%3BRay%2C+W%3BDropkin%2C+D%3BBlack%2C+F%3BSnow%2C+R%3BCrews%2C+W%3BSiudak%2C+P%3BDavis%2C+C+O%3BCarter%2C+P&rft.aulast=Stump&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24A&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dense gas removal from a valley by crosswinds. AN - 15818748; 2421122 AB - Wind tunnel experiments were made to determine how rapidly dense gas trapped in a topographic depression could be removed by an entraining crosswind. Transient experiments were conducted by filling a valley with dense gas, turning it off, then quickly removing a sliding cover; v sub(o) was measured as a function of time with an array of samplers downwind. These experiments essentially confirmed predictions based on the steady-state results, even when SF sub(6) was substituted for CO sub(2). Insertion of a flat floor into the valley had only minor effects on upsilon sub(o)(t) until the pool level subsided almost to the floor level. Substantial changes in the removal process were observed for the few tests run at Froude numbers exceeding unity. JF - J. HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Briggs, G A AU - Thompson, R S AU - Snyder, W H AD - Atmos. Sci. Model. Div., Atmos. Res. and Exposure Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1 EP - 38 VL - 24 IS - 1 KW - wind tunnels KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - topography KW - carbon dioxide KW - gases KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15818748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Dense+gas+removal+from+a+valley+by+crosswinds.&rft.au=Briggs%2C+G+A%3BThompson%2C+R+S%3BSnyder%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gases; topography; carbon dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Taxonomic level and sample size sufficient for assessing pollution impacts on the Southern California Bight macrobenthos. AN - 15817684; 2412062 AB - Macrobenthic data from samples taken in 1980, 1983 and 1985 along a pollution gradient in the Southern California Bight (USA) were analyzed at 5 taxonomic levels (species, genus, family, order, phylum) to determine the taxon and sample size sufficient for assessing pollution impacts on 5 measures of community structure. Four replicate 0.1 m super(2) van Veen grabs per station were needed to ensure community-wide, unbiased estimates of Shannon's, 1-Simpson's and McIntosh's Index. Family-level identification appeared to be a good choice for assessing pollution impacts at the study site as it ensured a high probability (1- beta greater than or equal to 0.80) of detecting intermediate or larger impacts on most (impact effects design) or all (location effects design) of 5 measures of community structure when n sub(i) and n sub(i) greater than or equal to 4. JF - Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf AU - Ferraro, S P AU - Cole, F A AD - U.S. EPA, Pacific Ecosyst. Branch, Mark O. Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 251 EP - 262 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - ISE, Southern California Bight KW - zoobenthos KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - community composition KW - biological sampling KW - indicator species KW - approximation KW - statistical analysis KW - pollution effects KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15817684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+ecology+progress+series.+Oldendorf&rft.atitle=Taxonomic+level+and+sample+size+sufficient+for+assessing+pollution+impacts+on+the+Southern+California+Bight+macrobenthos.&rft.au=Ferraro%2C+S+P%3BCole%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+ecology+progress+series.+Oldendorf&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Bibliogr.: 71 ref. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - community composition; biological sampling; indicator species; approximation; statistical analysis; pollution effects; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The comparative developmental neurotoxicity of lead in humans and animals. AN - 15817512; 2416680 AB - The effects of lead on neurobehavioral development have been extensively investigated in humans as well as animals. This offers a basis for comparing the development neurobehavioral toxicity of lead across species and for assessing the validity of animal models of developmental neurotoxicity. Comparisons of human and animal findings suggest that the greatest qualitative similarities involve relatively complex behavioral processes such as cognition and learning. Quantitative comparisons based on dose-response relationships for these endpoints are difficult to make because the relationships are sometimes nonmonotonic (U-shaped) and because blood lead levels may not be directly comparable between species. The lowest levels of exposure at which developmental neurobehavioral effects have been observed are similar 10-15 mu g/dl in children, <15 mu g/dl in primates, and <20 mu g/dl in rodents. Sensory-evoked potentials and communicative processes offer two promising areas for continued investigation and cross-species comparison. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Davis, J M AU - Otto, DA AU - Weil, DE AU - Grant, L D AD - Environ. Criteria and Assess. Off., MD-52, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 215 EP - 229 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - lead KW - comparison KW - development KW - behaviour KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - animals KW - neurotoxicity KW - N3 11101:General KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - N3 11041:General KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure KW - N3 11139:Toxicological and psychoactive drug correlates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15817512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=The+comparative+developmental+neurotoxicity+of+lead+in+humans+and+animals.&rft.au=Davis%2C+J+M%3BOtto%2C+DA%3BWeil%2C+DE%3BGrant%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - neurotoxicity; animals; development; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative gastrointestinal enzyme activity and activation of the promutagen 2,6-dinitrotoluene in male CD-1 mice and male Fischer 344 rats. AN - 15817029; 2422292 AB - Comparative intestinal nitroreductase, azo reductase, beta -glucuronidase, dechlorinase and dehydrochlorinase activities in young male Fischer 344 rats and young male CD-1 mice were measured in vitro while the comparative biotransformation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene to mutagenic metabolites was determined in vivo. The mice, which exhibit a high spontaneous incidence of hepatomas, had markedly greater nitroreductase activity and metabolized significantly more 2,6-dinitrotoluene to mutagenic metabolites than did Fischer 344 rats, which show a low incidence of liver tumors. Results of this study indicate that species differences in the incidence of hepatomas may be influenced by microbial flora and/or the biotransformation of xenobiotics in the G.I. tract. JF - Cancer Letters AU - Chadwick, R W AU - George, SE AU - Chang, J AU - Kohan, MJ AU - Dekker, J P AU - Long, JE AU - Duffy, M C AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., Environ. Res. Cent., MD-68, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 13 EP - 19 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - 2,6-dinitrotoluene KW - activation KW - activity KW - azo reductase KW - beta -glucuronidase KW - comparison KW - dechlorinase KW - dehydrochlorinase KW - mice KW - nitroreductase KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15817029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Letters&rft.atitle=Comparative+gastrointestinal+enzyme+activity+and+activation+of+the+promutagen+2%2C6-dinitrotoluene+in+male+CD-1+mice+and+male+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+R+W%3BGeorge%2C+SE%3BChang%2C+J%3BKohan%2C+MJ%3BDekker%2C+J+P%3BLong%2C+JE%3BDuffy%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scientific and regulatory issues relevant to assessing risk for developmental neurotoxicity: An overview. AN - 15816231; 2417029 AB - A workshop sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse was held on April 11-13, 1989, to address the Qualitative and Quantitative Comparability of Human and Animal Developmental Neurotoxicity. Invited experts were asked to review the human and animal data on agents that cause developmental neurotoxicity in humans, including lead, methylmercury, selected abused agents, anticonvulsants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), ethanol and X-irradiation, and to make qualitative comparisons on a specific end point basis as well as on a functional category basis. They were asked to make quantitative comparisons when adequate dose-effect data were available. The data were evaluated in the context of the proposed EPA developmental neurotoxicity testing battery to determine whether or not the battery would adequately detect the effects of each agent. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Rees, D C AU - Francis, E Z AU - Kimmel, CA AD - U.S. EPA, RD-689, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 175 EP - 181 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - neurotoxicity KW - regulatory KW - exposure KW - issues KW - development KW - federal regulations KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - risk assessment KW - toxicants KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - N3 11101:General KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - N3 11041:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15816231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Scientific+and+regulatory+issues+relevant+to+assessing+risk+for+developmental+neurotoxicity%3A+An+overview.&rft.au=Rees%2C+D+C%3BFrancis%2C+E+Z%3BKimmel%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicants; risk assessment; reviews; federal regulations; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The transport and fate of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in soybean and corn. AN - 15815420; 2421111 AB - Root uptake, transpiration stream translocation, and metabolism of super(3)H-TCDD and super(14)C-2-chlorobiphenyl in hydroponically grown soybean and corn were investigated. Approximately 70% of the TCDD and 3% of the 2-chlorobiphenyl added to the growth solution were absorbed by the roots. Translation of TCDD from contaminated roots to shoot tissue was undetectable for both species. Volatility of TCDD from the growth solution was the significant mechanism of foliar contamination. Metabolism of TCDD was insignificant in all experiments with soybean, but the results of one of two corn experiments suggest the possibility of TCDD degradation in the plant-microbial system. Relative to TCDD, both transpirational translocation and metabolism of 2-chlorobiphenyl were significant transport and fate mechanisms. JF - Chemosphere AU - McCrady, J K AU - McFarlane, C AU - Gander, L K AD - U.S. EPA ERL, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 359 EP - 376 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Glycine max KW - pollutant dispersion KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Zea mays KW - TCDD KW - contamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - H SE2.20:CROP CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15815420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=The+transport+and+fate+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-TCDD+in+soybean+and+corn.&rft.au=McCrady%2C+J+K%3BMcFarlane%2C+C%3BGander%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=McCrady&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; TCDD; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the use of scavenging ratios for the inference of surface-level concentrations and subsequent dry deposition of Ca super(2+), Mg super(2+), Na super(+) and K super(+). AN - 15814371; 2414456 AB - An inference technique is developed that allows estimation of the annual and monthly dry deposition of Ca super(2+), Mg super(2+), Na super(+), and K super(+). Conceptually, this technique is based on the premise that precipitation efficiently scavenges aerosols, resulting in a strong correlation between concentrations within precipitation and the surface-level air. Empirically, it is based on the linear relationship exhibited between the measured surface-level air and precipitation concentrations at 23 stations in Ontario, Canada, for the period 1983-1985. Correlations ranged from 0.513 for K super(+) to 0.946 for Mg super(2+). Because of the stochastic nature of such an approach, the assumptions inherent to the concept of scavenging ratios, and therefore this inference technique, must be carefully considered. Under such considerations, annual and monthly dry deposition of alkaline aerosols can be estimated at many locations across North America where precipitation concentrations are routinely measured. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Eder, B K AU - Dennis, R L AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., Off. Res. and Dev., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 197 EP - 216 VL - 53 IS - 3-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - seasonal variations KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - Canada, Ontario KW - dry deposition KW - precipitation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15814371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=On+the+use+of+scavenging+ratios+for+the+inference+of+surface-level+concentrations+and+subsequent+dry+deposition+of+Ca+super%282%2B%29%2C+Mg+super%282%2B%29%2C+Na+super%28%2B%29+and+K+super%28%2B%29.&rft.au=Eder%2C+B+K%3BDennis%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Eder&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canada, Ontario; precipitation; air quality; dry deposition ER - TY - CONF T1 - Fluid modeling applied to atmospheric diffusion in complex terrain. AN - 15811711; 2424616 AB - Wind-tunnel and towing-tank studies conducted over the past 10 years at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Fluid Modeling Facility (FMF) of flow and diffusion in complex terrain are reviewed. A primary impetus for this work was EPA's Complex Terrain Model Development Program (CTMDP)--designed to develop reliable atmospheric dispersion models applicable to large pollutant sources in complex terrain, with primary emphasis on plume impaction during night-time stable conditions. The FMF interacted closely with the model developers participating in the CTMDP and provided support in various ways through the conduct of a wide range of laboratory studies. Work at the FMF prior to the inception of the program provided the basic framework for the model--the dividing-streamline concept--and the focal point around which the field program was designed. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Snyder, W H Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 2071 EP - 2088 VL - 24A IS - 8 KW - atmosphere KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - diffusion KW - wind tunnels KW - boundary layers KW - air pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15811711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Fluid+modeling+applied+to+atmospheric+diffusion+in+complex+terrain.&rft.au=Snyder%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24A&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2071&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variable selectivity and the role of nutritional quality in food selection by a planktonic rotifer. AN - 15811551; 2418955 AB - To investigate the potential for selective feeding to enhance fitness, I test the hypothesis that a herbivorous zooplankter selects those food items that best support its reproduction. Under this hypothesis, growth and reproduction on selected food items should be higher than on less preferred items. The hypothesis is not supported. In situ selectivity by the rotifer Keratella taurocephala for Cryptomonas relative to Chlamydomonas goes through a seasonal cycle, in apparent response to fluctuating Cryptomonas populations. However, reproduction in a unialgal diet of Cryptomonas is consistently high and similar to that on Chlamydomonas . Oocystis , which also supports reproduction equivalent to that supported by Chlamydomonas , is sometimes rejected by K. taurocephala . In addition, K. taurocephala does not discriminate between Merismopedia and Chlamydomonas even though Merismopedia supports virtually no reproduction by the rotifer. Selection by K. taurocephala does not simply maximize the intake of food items that yield high reproduction. JF - Oikos AU - Sierszen, ME AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 241 EP - 247 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - feeding behaviour KW - fitness KW - food selection KW - prey selection KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Keratella taurocephala KW - nutritive value KW - Freshwater KW - food organisms KW - food preferences KW - Rotifera KW - D 04655:Invertebrates - general KW - Y 25492:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15811551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=Variable+selectivity+and+the+role+of+nutritional+quality+in+food+selection+by+a+planktonic+rotifer.&rft.au=Sierszen%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Sierszen&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - prey selection; food organisms; feeding behaviour; nutritive value; food preferences; fitness; Keratella taurocephala; Rotifera; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ventilatory patterns of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus ) exposed to organic chemicals with different mechanisms of toxic action. AN - 15811186; 2416569 AB - Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus ) were exposed to 13 organic chemicals representing five known toxic mechanisms and their ventilatory patterns examined for differential responses related to mechanism. Two quantifiable characteristics of the ventilatory pattern, ventilatory frequency and cough frequency, had diagnostic utility as clinical signs to differentiate chemicals that killed through narcosis from those that killed by other toxic mechanisms. Bluegill were also exposed to 2-chloroethanol and 2,4-pentanedione, chemicals previously considered as narcotic poisons but tested here as unknowns. Ventilatory patterns induced by these chemicals and time to death in LC100 concentrations support current theories that they kill by mechanisms other than narcosis. JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C AU - Carlson, R W AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab. Duluth, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 181 EP - 196 VL - 95C IS - 2 SN - 0742-8413, 0742-8413 KW - comparison KW - effects on KW - fish physiology KW - mechanisms KW - organic compounds KW - respiratory function KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - respiratory system KW - toxicity KW - Lepomis macrochirus KW - pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15811186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology%2C+C&rft.atitle=Ventilatory+patterns+of+bluegill+%28Lepomis+macrochirus+%29+exposed+to+organic+chemicals+with+different+mechanisms+of+toxic+action.&rft.au=Carlson%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=95C&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology%2C+C&rft.issn=07428413&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - respiratory system; toxicity; fish physiology; pollution effects; respiratory function; Lepomis macrochirus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rat and human visual-evoked potentials recorded under comparable conditions: A preliminary analysis to address the issue of predicting human neurotoxic effects from rat data. AN - 15807591; 2415690 AB - Pattern-onset visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded from rats and humans in order to perform cross-species comparison of neuronal functional properties reflected by the early VEP components. The spatial frequency of a sinusoidal test grating was varied in Experiment 1. For both species, amplitude of the first positive VEP component was larger at low spatial frequency and decreased as spatial frequency increased. The immediately succeeding negative component was small at low spatial frequency and was of maximal amplitude at moderate spatial frequency. The effects of stationary pattern adaptation on these components were investigated in Experiment 2. Subjects viewed either a blank field or the test grating prior to recording VEPs. For both species, adaptation had no effect on the positive component but strongly attenuated the negative component. Experiment 3, in which only humans were tested, indicated that the negative component was of cortical origin. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Hudnell, H K AU - Boyes, W K AU - Otto, DA AD - U.S. EPA, Neurotoxicol. Div., Neurophysiol. and Neuropathol. Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 391 EP - 398 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - neurotoxins KW - predictions KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - vision KW - evoked potentials KW - man KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - N3 11101:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15807591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Rat+and+human+visual-evoked+potentials+recorded+under+comparable+conditions%3A+A+preliminary+analysis+to+address+the+issue+of+predicting+human+neurotoxic+effects+from+rat+data.&rft.au=Hudnell%2C+H+K%3BBoyes%2C+W+K%3BOtto%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Hudnell&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - evoked potentials; vision; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workshop on the qualitative and quantitative comparability of human and animal developmental neurotoxicity, Work Group I Report: Comparability of measures of developmental neurotoxicity in humans and laboratory animals. AN - 15806808; 2412913 AB - Assessment measures used in developmental neutrotoxicology are reviewed for their comparability in humans and laboratory animals, and their ability to detect comparable adverse effects across species. Compounds used for these comparisons include: substances of abuse, anticonvulsant drugs, ethanol, methylmercury, lead, PCBs, and ionizing radiation. At the level of functional category (sensory, motivational, cognitive and motor function, and social behavior), close agreement was found across species for all neurotoxic agents reviewed, particularly at high exposure levels. 1) the U.S. EPA Developmental Neurotoxicology Test Battery presented at the Workshop would have identified the hazard to humans of exposure to the above compounds, although it may have underestimated human risk in some cases; 2) assessment of developmental neurotoxicity should involve evaluation of all categories of function; 3) for most compounds reviewed, the neurotoxic effects of prenatal exposure cannot be attributed to maternal toxicity, and exposure at or just below the threshold for such toxicity is an appropriate upper level for developmental neurotoxicity testing; 4) maternal exposure during the postnatal period poses a number of serious methodological problems; and 5) animal studies would better parallel human studies if more emphasis was placed on evaluation during development. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Stanton, ME AU - Spear, L P AD - Neurotoxicol. Div., HERL, MD-74B, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 261 EP - 267 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - neurotoxins KW - toxicity KW - development KW - comparison KW - social behaviour KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - animals KW - cognitive ability KW - motor activity KW - man KW - N3 11101:General KW - N3 11041:General KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15806808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Workshop+on+the+qualitative+and+quantitative+comparability+of+human+and+animal+developmental+neurotoxicity%2C+Work+Group+I+Report%3A+Comparability+of+measures+of+developmental+neurotoxicity+in+humans+and+laboratory+animals.&rft.au=Stanton%2C+ME%3BSpear%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - animals; man; motor activity; cognitive ability; toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compensatory tracking in humans with elevated carboxyhemoglobin. AN - 15804974; 2413150 AB - A total of seventy-four men divided into five groups performed a compensatory tracking task for 4 hr with group mean carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels of 0.9, 5.6, 6.1, 11.4 or 16.6%. In all but one group, COHb was formed in approximately 5 min by having the subject breathe a high concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) from a Douglas bag. An appropriate low level of CO in the exposure/test chamber maintained the elevated COHb for the 4-hr duration of the experiment. A slow COHb formation group, not exposed to CO during bag breathing, which was only exposed to low-level CO in the exposure/testing chamber, served as a positive control. Even though mean tracking error scores increased in a nearly monotone manner as a function of COHb, the effects were not statistically significant. Even at the highest dose, the increase in tracking error was small. The increased mean error score due to rapid formation was virtually the same as that due to slow formation. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Benignus, V A AU - Muller, KE AU - Smith, M V AU - Pieper, K S AU - Prah, J D AD - U.S. EPA, Hum. Stud. Div., Clin. Res. Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 105 EP - 110 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - carbon monoxide KW - levels KW - compensatory tracking KW - carboxyhemoglobin KW - behaviour KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - motor activity KW - man KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15804974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Compensatory+tracking+in+humans+with+elevated+carboxyhemoglobin.&rft.au=Benignus%2C+V+A%3BMuller%2C+KE%3BSmith%2C+M+V%3BPieper%2C+K+S%3BPrah%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Benignus&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - motor activity; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of the duration and timing of dietary methyl parathion exposure on bobwhite reproduction. AN - 15800290; 2407743 AB - Two northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ) reproduction tests were conducted concurrently to evaluate how the duration and time of initiation of methyl parathion exposure affected dose-response relationships of reproductive parameters. In the long-term exposure test, pairs of adult bobwhite were fed methyl parathion-amended diets (0, 7, 10, 14, 20 or 28 ppm) for 25 weeks: 10 weeks prior to the onset of laying, 6 weeks as they came into laying condition and 9 weeks during egg laying. In the short-term exposure test, quail received amended diets (0, 10, 14, 20, 28 or 40 ppm) for only three weeks during the egg laying period, followed by a three-week posttreatment period. Fourteen birds died in the long-term test, compared to two in the short-term test. Significant dose-related reductions in daily food consumption, egg production and the number of 14-d-old chicks were observed in both tests during the treatment periods. No dose-related effects on fertility, hatch-ability or chick weights were detected. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Bennett, R S AU - Bentley, R AU - Shiroyama, T AU - Bennett, J K AD - U.S. EPA, ERL, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1473 EP - 1480 VL - 9 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - methyl parathion KW - effects on KW - pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Colinus virginianus KW - reproduction KW - H SE1.21:WILDLIFE KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15800290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+duration+and+timing+of+dietary+methyl+parathion+exposure+on+bobwhite+reproduction.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+R+S%3BBentley%2C+R%3BShiroyama%2C+T%3BBennett%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colinus virginianus; reproduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone concentration and pulmonary response relationships for 6.6-hour exposures with five hours of moderate exercise to 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm. AN - 15798466; 2388575 AB - The objective of this study was to determine the extent of pulmonary function decrements, respiratory discomfort, and increased airway reactivity to methacholine induced by exposure to O sub(3) below 0.12 ppm. Separate 6.6-h chamber exposures to 0.00, 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm O sub(3) included six 50-min periods of moderate exercise (V)u multiplied by E approximately equals 39 L/min, HR approximately equals 115 bpm, and Vu multiplied by O sub(2) approximately equals 1.5 L/min). Each exercise period was followed by 10 min of rest. We conclude that exposure to O sub(3) at levels often found in ambient air while engaged in activity representative of a typical day of moderate to heavy work or play induced clinically meaningful pulmonary responses. JF - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine AU - Horstman, D H AU - Folinsbee, L J AU - Ives, P J AU - Abdul-Salaam, S AU - McDonnell, W F AD - U.S. EPA Health Eff. Lab., Clin. Res. Branch, MD-58, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1158 EP - 1163 VL - 142 IS - 5 SN - 0003-0805, 0003-0805 KW - ozone KW - man KW - physical training KW - exercise KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - respiratory system KW - lung KW - respiratory function KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H SM9.45:SPORTS RELATED INJURIES KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15798466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Ozone+concentration+and+pulmonary+response+relationships+for+6.6-hour+exposures+with+five+hours+of+moderate+exercise+to+0.08%2C+0.10%2C+and+0.12+ppm.&rft.au=Horstman%2C+D+H%3BFolinsbee%2C+L+J%3BIves%2C+P+J%3BAbdul-Salaam%2C+S%3BMcDonnell%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Horstman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.issn=00030805&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lung; respiratory function; respiratory system; physical training; exercise ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic toxicity studies of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 15798046; 2407947 AB - 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP) has been found in drinking water as a results of its use as a fungicide and due to its inadvertent production in the water purification process. This study was conducted since information on the toxicity from repeated ingestion was inadequate. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with TCP administrated in corn oil (2ml/kg body weight) for 90 consecutive days at dose levels of 0, 80, 240, and 720 mg/kg per day. Treatment-related effects were observed at the highest dose (720 mg/kg/day) and consisted of salivation, urine stains on the fur, increase in absolute and relative weights of the kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, and testes. At this dose, increases were seen in serum protein, albumin, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), with a decrease in urinary pH. Some effects observed at 240 mg/kg per day were an increase in the absolute and relative weights of the liver and adrenal glands in females, relative liver weights in males, and an increase in serum albumin in males. No treatment-related effects were observed at 80 mg/kg per day. JF - Journal of the American College of Toxicology AU - Bercz, J P AU - Robinson, M AU - Jones, L AU - Page, N P AU - Parnell, MJ AU - Wolfe, G W AD - U.S. EPA, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 497 EP - 506 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0730-0913, 0730-0913 KW - 2,4,6-trichlorophenol KW - chronic toxicity KW - rats KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15798046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Subchronic+toxicity+studies+of+2%2C4%2C6-trichlorophenol+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Bercz%2C+J+P%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BJones%2C+L%3BPage%2C+N+P%3BParnell%2C+MJ%3BWolfe%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Bercz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=07300913&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - rats; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paleoecological investigation of recent lake acidification in the Adirondack Mountains, N.Y. AN - 15794990; 2392894 AB - Paleoecological analysis of the sediment record of 12 Adirondack lakes reveals that the 8 clearwater lakes with current pH < 5.5 and alkalinity < 10 mu eq l super(-1) have acidified recently. The onset of this acidification occurred between 1920 and 1970. Loss of alkalinity, based on quantitative analysis of diatom assemblages, ranged from 2 to 35 mu eq l super(-1). The acidification trends are substantiated by several lines of evidence including stratigraphies of diatom, chrysophyte, chironomid, and cladoceran remains, Ca:Ti and Mn:Ti ratios, sequentially extracted forms of Al, and historical fish data. Acidification trends appear to be continuing in some lakes, despite reductions in atmospheric sulfur loading that began in the early 1970s. The primary cause of the acidification trend is clearly increased atmospheric deposition of strong acids derived from the combustion of fossil fuels. JF - Journal of Paleolimnology AU - Charles, D F AU - Binford, M W AU - Furlong, E T AU - Hites, R A AU - Mitchell, MJ AU - Norton, SA AU - Oldfield, F AU - Paterson, MJ AU - Smol, J P AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 195 EP - 241 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 0921-2728, 0921-2728 KW - New York, Adirondack Mts. KW - acidification KW - biostratigraphy KW - fossil assemblages KW - palaeoecology KW - palaeolimnology KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - environmental impact KW - lakes KW - Freshwater KW - air pollution KW - acid rain KW - USA, New York, Adirondack Mts. KW - water pollution KW - Q2 09148:Palaeo-studies KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - D 04680:Paleoecology KW - H SE1.22:LAKE AND RIVER ECOLOGY KW - Q1 08187:Palaeontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15794990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.atitle=Paleoecological+investigation+of+recent+lake+acidification+in+the+Adirondack+Mountains%2C+N.Y.&rft.au=Charles%2C+D+F%3BBinford%2C+M+W%3BFurlong%2C+E+T%3BHites%2C+R+A%3BMitchell%2C+MJ%3BNorton%2C+SA%3BOldfield%2C+F%3BPaterson%2C+MJ%3BSmol%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.issn=09212728&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - palaeoecology; palaeolimnology; fossil assemblages; biostratigraphy; environmental impact; lakes; water pollution; acid rain; air pollution; USA, New York, Adirondack Mts.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation of benthic substrates for sediment toxicity testing. AN - 15794962; 2410291 AB - A jar-rolling apparatus was constructed to prepare test substrates using sediments spiked with laboratory chemicals, the toxicity of which were assessed with the Rhepoxynius abronius bioassay. Test sediments were mixed by rolling them for several hours in one-gallon glass jars. Mixing was considered adequate based on the analytical results of sediment samples that were collected at locations along the longitudinal axis within each horizontally lying jar immediately after rolling. However, because comparative standards did not exist, definitive conclusions of mixing thoroughness could not be drawn. Coefficients of variation, used to assess mixing within jars, were 11.5% or less (mean 5.1%). Mixing was not significantly different among replicated jars but, in some jars, was significantly different among within-jar sample locations. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Ditsworth, G R AU - Schults, D W AU - Jones, JKP AD - U.S. EPA, Narragansett Environ. Res. Lab., Pac.-Ecosyst. Branch, Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1523 EP - 1529 VL - 9 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - biocenoses KW - laboratory testing KW - preparation KW - toxicity testing KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - sediments KW - benthos KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15794962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Preparation+of+benthic+substrates+for+sediment+toxicity+testing.&rft.au=Ditsworth%2C+G+R%3BSchults%2C+D+W%3BJones%2C+JKP&rft.aulast=Ditsworth&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity; sediments; benthos; biocenoses; laboratory testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can we maintain biological and ecological integrity?. AN - 15793522; 2394234 JF - Conservation Biology AU - Noss, R F AD - U.S. E.P.A., Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 241 EP - 243 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - conservation KW - ecological integrity KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - communities KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15793522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Can+we+maintain+biological+and+ecological+integrity%3F.&rft.au=Noss%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Noss&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - communities ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of U.S. EPA regional field analytical needs. AN - 15793289; 2384225 AB - Field methods are often used for screening sites to determine if contamination is present and to obtain a general idea of the extent of contamination. Further, field analytical methods are most useful when the contaminants of concern have already been identified, so that the appropriate methods, dilutions, calibration ranges, etc., can be employed. JF - American Environmental Laboratory AU - Fribush, H AU - Fisk, J F AD - Anal. Methods Implementation Sect., Anal. Oper. Branch, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 29 EP - 33 IS - 10/90 SN - 1051-2306, 1051-2306 KW - surveys KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - EPA KW - laboratory methods KW - contamination KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15793289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Environmental+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Survey+of+U.S.+EPA+regional+field+analytical+needs.&rft.au=Fribush%2C+H%3BFisk%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Fribush&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=10%2F90&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Environmental+Laboratory&rft.issn=10512306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - contamination; EPA; laboratory methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of dietary methyl parathion on northern bobwhite egg production and eggshell quality. AN - 15793282; 2408064 AB - There is a need to develop avian reproduction tests that reflect more realistic exposure scenarios for short-lived pesticides, like organophosphorus and carbamate compounds. The effect of a short-term dietary methyl parathion exposure on northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ) egg production and shell quality was investigated. Hens in egg production were fed either a methyl parathion diet (0, 14, 20, 28 or 40 ppm) or a pair-fed diet (PF28 and PF40 received the same daily allotment of control feed on a g/kg/d basis as the 28 or 40 ppm-treated hen with whom she was paired) for 8 d. Daily food consumption was significantly reduced in all treatment groups and inversely related to chemical concentration. However, actual chemical consumption was similar for all methyl parathion-treated groups. Body weight, egg production, egg weight and eggshell strength, thickness and weight were reduced in the methyl parathion groups in a dose-related manner. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Bennett, J K AU - Bennett, R S AD - U.S. EPA, ERL, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1481 EP - 1485 VL - 9 IS - 12 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - methyl parathion KW - effects on KW - quality KW - egg production KW - egg shells KW - pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Colinus virginianus KW - H SE1.21:WILDLIFE KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15793282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dietary+methyl+parathion+on+northern+bobwhite+egg+production+and+eggshell+quality.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+J+K%3BBennett%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colinus virginianus; egg production; egg shells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global climate change: Policy implications for fisheries. AN - 15792551; 2384039 AB - Several government agencies are evaluating policy options for addressing global climate change. These include planning for anticipated effects and developing mitigation options where feasible if climate does change as predicted. For fisheries resources, policy questions address effects on international, national, and regional scales. Climate change variables expected to affect inland and offshore fisheries include temperature rise, changes in the hydrologic cycle, alterations in nutrient fluxes, and reduction and relocation of spawning and nursery habitat. These variables will affect resources at all levels of biological organization, including the genetic, organism, population, and ecosystem levels. In this context, changes in primary productivity, species composition in the food-web, migration, invasions, synchrony in biological cycles, shifts in utilization of niches, and problems of larvae entrainment in estuaries have been identified. Maintaining ecosystem robustness is another component of the problem. Action requires establishing priorities for information needs, determining appropriate temporal and spatial scales at which to model effects, and accounting for interactive changes in physical and biological cycles. JF - Fisheries AU - Gucinski, H AU - Lackey, R T AU - Spence, B C AD - EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 33 EP - 38 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0363-2415, 0363-2415 KW - climatic changes KW - ecological balance KW - environmental effects KW - fishery policy KW - fishery resources KW - government policies KW - government policy KW - hydrologic cycle KW - man-induced effects KW - migration KW - nursery grounds KW - nutrients KW - sociological aspects KW - spawning grounds KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - fisheries KW - Freshwater KW - nutrient cycles KW - greenhouse effect KW - Marine KW - primary production KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08565:Policy, legislation and sociology KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15792551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries&rft.atitle=Global+climate+change%3A+Policy+implications+for+fisheries.&rft.au=Gucinski%2C+H%3BLackey%2C+R+T%3BSpence%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Gucinski&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries&rft.issn=03632415&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special iss.: Effects of Global Climatic Change on Fisheries Resources. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fisheries; nursery grounds; spawning grounds; primary production; fishery policy; nutrient cycles; man-induced effects; environmental effects; hydrologic cycle; sociological aspects; ecosystem disturbance; ecological balance; greenhouse effect; fishery resources; nutrients; migration; government policies; Marine; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The PIRLA project (Paleoecological Investigation of Recent Lake Acidification): An introduction to the synthesis of the project. AN - 15792453; 2393372 AB - Collected sets of papers synthesizing data derived from the PIRLA project (Paleoecological Investigation of Recent Lake Acidification) will appear in coming issues of the Journal of Paleolimnology . This paper is designed to highlight these forthcoming papers, review the development and objectives of PIRLA, and acknowledge the many who have supported PIRLA in so many crucial ways. JF - Journal of Paleolimnology AU - Whitehead AU - Charles, D F AU - Goldstein, R A AD - U.S. EPA, ERL, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 187 EP - 194 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 0921-2728, 0921-2728 KW - acidification KW - palaeoecology KW - palaeolimnology KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - North America KW - acids KW - environmental impact KW - lakes KW - Freshwater KW - acid rain KW - water pollution KW - Q2 09148:Palaeo-studies KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - D 04680:Paleoecology KW - H SE1.22:LAKE AND RIVER ECOLOGY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15792453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.atitle=The+PIRLA+project+%28Paleoecological+Investigation+of+Recent+Lake+Acidification%29%3A+An+introduction+to+the+synthesis+of+the+project.&rft.au=Whitehead%3BCharles%2C+D+F%3BGoldstein%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.issn=09212728&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - palaeoecology; acids; palaeolimnology; environmental impact; lakes; water pollution; acid rain; North America; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid toxicity testing based on yeast respiratory activity. AN - 15789989; 2407994 AB - Rapid and economical techniques are needed to determine the effects of environmental contaminants. An alternative to whole organism exposure is to determine toxic effects in monocellular systems. Another approach for assessing toxicity is to monitor sensitive, nonspecific, subcellular target sites such as mitochondria. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Haubenstricker, ME AU - Meier, P G AU - Mancy, KH AU - Brabec, MJ AD - U.S. EPA, Mot. Veh. Emiss. Lab., Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 669 EP - 674 VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - yeasts KW - chemical analysis KW - pollutants KW - laboratory testing KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - toxicity testing KW - respiration KW - environmental monitoring KW - toxicity KW - K 03099:Pollution KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15789989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Rapid+toxicity+testing+based+on+yeast+respiratory+activity.&rft.au=Haubenstricker%2C+ME%3BMeier%2C+P+G%3BMancy%2C+KH%3BBrabec%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Haubenstricker&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - respiration; toxicity testing; environmental monitoring; laboratory testing; toxicity; pollutants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utility of scaled chrysophytes for inferring lakewater pH in northern New England lakes. AN - 15789341; 2392912 AB - Scaled chrysophytes in the surface sediments of 58 soft-water northern New England lakes were analyzed to assess their usefulness for inferring pH. The distributions of many taxa are correlated with lakewater pH and associated variables. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and clustering grouped chrysophyte taxa according to their distributions along the pH gradient. The study provides strong evidence that, in the absence of past measured pH data, stratigraphic studies of sedimentary chrysophyte scales will provide accurate reconstructions of pH in northern New England lakes. JF - Journal of Paleolimnology AU - Dixit, S S AU - Smol, J P AU - Anderson, D S AU - Davis, R B AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 269 EP - 286 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 0921-2728, 0921-2728 KW - New England KW - biostratigraphy KW - fossil assemblages KW - freshwater lakes KW - indicator species KW - pH KW - palaeoecology KW - palaeolimnology KW - prediction KW - water pH KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - lakes KW - bioassays KW - Freshwater KW - USA, New England KW - Chrysophyta KW - Q1 08221:General KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - H SE1.22:LAKE AND RIVER ECOLOGY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15789341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.atitle=Utility+of+scaled+chrysophytes+for+inferring+lakewater+pH+in+northern+New+England+lakes.&rft.au=Dixit%2C+S+S%3BSmol%2C+J+P%3BAnderson%2C+D+S%3BDavis%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Dixit&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Paleolimnology&rft.issn=09212728&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - palaeoecology; palaeolimnology; fossil assemblages; biostratigraphy; freshwater lakes; indicator species; lakes; prediction; bioassays; water pH; Chrysophyta; USA, New England; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatio-temporal fluctuations in the distribution and abundance of demersal fish and epibenthic crustaceans in Yaquina Bay, Oregon. AN - 15787733; 2396709 AB - A total of over 32,000 demersal fish and epibenthic crustaceans belonging to 62 species were caught in 42 biweekly trawls from 10 stations in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, during 1967 and 1968. English sole, Parophrys vetulus , was the most abundant species. Seventeen species (13 fishes and 4 crustaceans) constituted 95% of the catch. Total numerical abundances of both individuals (mainly juvenile fishes) and species were greatest in the lower 12 km of the estuary during summer and early fall, a period of water mass stability and increased water temperature and salinity. This section of the estuary is used by many immature fishes and crustaceans as a "nursery area." These fishes generally emigrate from the estuary as subadults in the fall around the onset of the rainy season. The fewest species were taken in January 1968 from the central, upper-estuarine, and riverine areas of the bay, this being a time when high rainfall and river discharge result in low salinity and temperature. Crustaceans (shrimp and subadult crabs) were generally most abundant in late winter and early spring throughout the estuary. JF - Estuaries AU - De Ben, WA AU - Clothier, W D AU - Ditsworth, G R AU - Baumgartner, D J AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Pacific Ecosyst.s Branch, Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 469 EP - 478 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0160-8347, 0160-8347 KW - USA, Oregon, Yaquina Bay KW - fishery biology KW - marine crustaceans KW - marine fish KW - migratory species KW - spatial variations KW - Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - community composition KW - check lists KW - Pisces KW - estuaries KW - Parophrys vetulus KW - ecological distribution KW - INE, USA, Oregon, Yaquina Bay KW - temporal variations KW - species diversity KW - Marine KW - Crustacea KW - juveniles KW - Brackish KW - abundance KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04668:Fish KW - D 04665:Crustaceans KW - O 5020:Fisheries and Fishery Biology KW - D 04210:Coastal ecosystems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15787733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Spatio-temporal+fluctuations+in+the+distribution+and+abundance+of+demersal+fish+and+epibenthic+crustaceans+in+Yaquina+Bay%2C+Oregon.&rft.au=De+Ben%2C+WA%3BClothier%2C+W+D%3BDitsworth%2C+G+R%3BBaumgartner%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=De+Ben&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Estuaries&rft.issn=01608347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - community composition; estuaries; spatial variations; check lists; ecological distribution; juveniles; temporal variations; marine crustaceans; migratory species; species diversity; marine fish; abundance; Pisces; Parophrys vetulus; Crustacea; INE, USA, Oregon, Yaquina Bay; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From global to regional climate change: Relative knowns and unknowns about global warming. AN - 15781160; 2383901 AB - Atmospheric concentrations of major greenhouse gases (CO sub(2), CH sub(2), N sub(2)O, and CFCs) have increased significantly in the last century, mainly due to anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel burning, deforestation, agriculture, and chlorofluorocarbon production. It is estimated that a doubling of carbon dioxide concentrations would eventually raise average global temperatures by 2 to 5 degree C, higher than they have been over the last one hundred thousand years. There is a consensus about how global climate would change as a result of increased greenhouse gas concentrations: higher concentrations would likely lead to stratospheric cooling, increases in atmospheric temperature and precipitation, and rise in sea level. Much less is known about how regional climate would change. It is not known whether temperatures would rise in all parts of the globe. Although global precipitation would increase, there could be a reduction in rainfall in many regions. We are also uncertain about how climate variability and the frequency of extreme events would change. All of these uncertainties make it difficult to predict effects of climate change on a regional scale. JF - Fisheries AU - Smith, J B AD - U.S. EPA, Adap. Branch, Off. Policy Anal., 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 2 EP - 6 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0363-2415, 0363-2415 KW - air temperature KW - atmosphere KW - atmospheric precipitations KW - carbon dioxide KW - chlorofluorocarbons KW - chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) KW - earth atmosphere KW - global warming KW - greenhouse effect KW - greenhouse warming KW - man-induced effects KW - methane KW - nitrous oxide KW - reviews KW - sea level changes KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - climatic changes KW - climate KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q2 09241:General KW - D 04500:Atmosphere KW - O 2070:Meteorology KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15781160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries&rft.atitle=From+global+to+regional+climate+change%3A+Relative+knowns+and+unknowns+about+global+warming.&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries&rft.issn=03632415&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special iss.: Effects of Global Climatic Change on Fisheries Resources. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sea level changes; methane; air temperature; atmospheric precipitations; nitrous oxide; man-induced effects; earth atmosphere; climate; carbon dioxide; climatic changes; reviews; global warming; chlorofluorocarbons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural transformation of a marine Vibrio species by plasmid DNA. AN - 15780830; 2388412 AB - Vibrio sp. D19, recently isolated from Tampa Bay, FL, has been found to be naturally transformed by the broad host range plasmid pKT230 in both filter transformation assays and sterile sediment microcosms. This is the first report of natural transformation by plasmid DNA of a Vibrio sp. and of a marine bacterial isolate. Transformation frequencies ranged from 0.3 to 3.1 x 10 super(-8) transformants per recipient. Transformants were detected by both plating and by selection for growth in liquid medium in the presence of streptomycin and kanamycin and confirmed by probing of southern transfers. Transformation was enhanced by multimeric forms of the plasmid. The results suggest that natural transformation may be one mechanism of horizontal plasmid transfer in the marine environment, and may provide the methodology with which to detect this process in natural populations of bacteria. JF - Microbial ecology. New York NY AU - Jeffrey, W H AU - Paul, J H AU - Stewart, G J AD - Tech. Resour., c/o Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 259 EP - 268 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0095-3628, 0095-3628 KW - transformation KW - water isolates KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - Vibrio KW - marine environment KW - DNA KW - plasmids KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Tampa Bay KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - Q1 08205:Genetics and evolution KW - Q4 27480:Environmental Applications/Impact KW - G 07203:Plasmids KW - J 02905:Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15780830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+ecology.+New+York+NY&rft.atitle=Natural+transformation+of+a+marine+Vibrio+species+by+plasmid+DNA.&rft.au=Jeffrey%2C+W+H%3BPaul%2C+J+H%3BStewart%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Jeffrey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+ecology.+New+York+NY&rft.issn=00953628&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - marine environment; DNA; plasmids; transformation; Vibrio; ASW, USA, Florida, Tampa Bay; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benzene and naphthalene sorption on soil contaminated with high molecular weight residual hydrocarbons from unleaded gasoline. AN - 15777188; 2388230 AB - For complex nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), the composition of the NAPL retained in the pore space of geologic material weathers until the residual NAPL no longer acts a liquid and exists as discrete regions of hydrocarbon (termed residual hydrocarbons) in association with the geologic media (water wet media), or as thin film coatings on the media (NAPL wet media). In this study, the residual hydrocarbons were found to resist separation from the soil solids even when subjected to shaking in batch reactors. In addition, the magnitude of solute sorption was significantly higher for a low organic carbon soil contaminated with residual hydrocarbons than for natural soil organic carbon. JF - Chemosphere AU - Bouchard, D C AU - Mravik, S C AU - Smith, G B AD - Robert S. Kerr Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Ada, OK 74820, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 975 EP - 989 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - sorption KW - naphthalene KW - gasoline KW - benzene KW - hydrocarbons KW - contamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15777188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Benzene+and+naphthalene+sorption+on+soil+contaminated+with+high+molecular+weight+residual+hydrocarbons+from+unleaded+gasoline.&rft.au=Bouchard%2C+D+C%3BMravik%2C+S+C%3BSmith%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Bouchard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - contamination; sorption; gasoline; hydrocarbons; benzene; naphthalene ER - TY - CONF T1 - Toxicological mechanisms of implantation failure. AN - 15776971; 2383678 AB - An improved understanding of the mechanisms of implantation failure due to toxic insult is necessary in order to assess risks of reproductive toxicants to the human female population. As an approach to providing such information, a panel of tests has been assembled and developed to probe the mechanisms by which chemicals affect fertility in rodents. The early pregnancy protocol provides dose-response information on the effects of short-term exposure of animals to compounds during early pregnancy. The pre- vs postimplantation protocol assesses the differential effects of such chemicals on the physiological events unique to the periods immediately preceding and following implantation. The decidual cell response technique can distinguish embryotoxicity from direct effects of toxicants on uterine or other physiological functions. Embryo transport rate analysis evaluates the potential for early embryonic loss via accelerated or retarded arrival of embryos into the uterus. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Cummings, A M Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 571 EP - 579 VL - 15 IS - 3 KW - toxicology KW - failures KW - implantation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - embryos KW - sexual reproduction KW - pregnancy KW - Rodentia KW - toxicants KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15776971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicological+mechanisms+of+implantation+failure.&rft.au=Cummings%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Velocity oscillations and plume dispersion in a residential neighborhood during wintertime nights. AN - 15773048; 2377743 AB - Measurements of velocity and tracer plume concentrations during stable atmospheric conditions were obtained in the Boise River Valley as part of the EPA Integrated Air Cancer Project during December, 1986. Wind speed, temperature, and wind direction were measured at two levels on a 30 m tower. Spectral and autocorrelation analyses of the velocity component data clearly indicate the occurrence of wave-like oscillations in the flow and the almost complete lack of turbulent energy. The predominate wave-like motion had an oscillation period of about 1000 s. Halogenated atmospheric tracers were released from as many as four houses during the night-time drainage conditions. Hourly averaged horizontal dispersion coefficients were very large compared to the Pasquill-Gifford curves and the urban McElroy-Pooler dispersion curves. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Eskridge, R E AU - Lamb, B AU - Allwine, E AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1781 EP - 1796 VL - 24A IS - 7 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - seasonal variations KW - pollutant dispersion KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - wind KW - plumes KW - tracers KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15773048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Velocity+oscillations+and+plume+dispersion+in+a+residential+neighborhood+during+wintertime+nights.&rft.au=Eskridge%2C+R+E%3BLamb%2C+B%3BAllwine%2C+E&rft.aulast=Eskridge&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24A&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - plumes; tracers; wind ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Designing yard waste composting programs. AN - 15768329; 2376383 JF - Waste Age AU - Kashmanian, R M AU - Taylor, A C AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Policy, Plan. and Eval., USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 123 EP - 132 VL - 21 IS - 10 SN - 0043-1001, 0043-1001 KW - composting KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - yard wastes KW - landfills KW - economics KW - disposal sites KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15768329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Age&rft.atitle=Designing+yard+waste+composting+programs.&rft.au=Kashmanian%2C+R+M%3BTaylor%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Kashmanian&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Age&rft.issn=00431001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - yard wastes; economics; landfills; disposal sites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermoregulation at a high ambient temperature following the oral administration of ethanol in the rat. AN - 15767970; 2369948 AB - This study was designed to assess the thermoregulatory mechanisms responsible for the elevation in body temperature following ethanol administration when exposed to a high ambient temperature (T sub(a)). Male rats of the Fischer 344 strain were gavaged with 20% ethanol at doses of 0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, or 8.0 g/kg and were then placed in a environmental chamber set at a T sub(a) of 37 degree C. Metabolic rate normalized to body mass super(0.75) (MR), evaporative water loss (EWL), and motor activity were recorded for 60 min. Ethanol elicited a significant increase in colonic temperature and decrease in MR, EWL, and motor activity. Ethanol also significantly reduced the quantity of evaporated water per milliliter of oxygen consumed (E/M). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the two major factors which were associated with the ethanol-induced elevation in body temperature were an increase in MR and a decrease in E/M. JF - Alcohol AU - Gordon, C J AU - Mohler, F S AD - MD-74B, NTD/HERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 551 EP - 555 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 0741-8329, 0741-8329 KW - ethanol KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - thermoregulation KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15767970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol&rft.atitle=Thermoregulation+at+a+high+ambient+temperature+following+the+oral+administration+of+ethanol+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BMohler%2C+F+S&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol&rft.issn=07418329&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - thermoregulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thymidine uptake, thymidine incorporation, and thymidine kinase activity in marine bacterium isolates. AN - 15764230; 2376557 AB - One assumption made in bacterial production estimates from ( super(3)H)thymidine incorporation is that all heterotrophic bacteria can incorporate exogenous thymidine into DNA. Heterotrophic marine bacterium isolates from Tampa Bay, Fla., Chesapeake Bay, Md., and a coral surface microlayer were examined for thymidine uptake, thymidine incorporation, the presence of thymidine kinase genes, and thymidine kinase enzyme activity. Of the 41 isolates tested, 37 were capable of thymidine incorporation into DNA. To determine if the inability to incorporate thymidine was due to the lack of thymidine kinase, one organism, BiVrio) sp. strain DI9, was transformed with a plasmid (pGQ3) that contained an E. coli thymidine kinase gene. Although enzyme assays indicated high levels of thymidine kinase activity in transformants, these cells still failed to incorporate exogenous thymidine into DNA or to transport thymidine into the cells. These results indicate that the inability of certain marine bacteria to incorporate thymidine may not be solely due to the lack of thymidine kinase activity but may also be due to the absence of thymidine transport systems. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jeffrey, W H AU - Paul, J H AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1367 EP - 1372 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA KW - thymidine KW - thymidine kinase KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - metabolism KW - enzymes KW - marine environment KW - bacteria KW - plasmids KW - hybridization KW - Q1 08206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q4 27480:Environmental Applications/Impact KW - J 02905:Water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15764230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Thymidine+uptake%2C+thymidine+incorporation%2C+and+thymidine+kinase+activity+in+marine+bacterium+isolates.&rft.au=Jeffrey%2C+W+H%3BPaul%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Jeffrey&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - marine environment; metabolism; bacteria; plasmids; hybridization; enzymes; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stable carbon isotope analysis of nucleic acids to trace sources of dissolved substrates used by estuarine bacteria. AN - 15762115; 2379923 AB - The natural abundance of stable carbon isotopes measured in bacterial nucleic acids extracted from estuarine bacterial concentrates was used to trace sources of organic matter for bacteria in aquatic environments. The stable carbon isotope ratios of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and nucleic acids extracted from cultures resembled those of the carbon source on which bacteria were grown. The carbon isotope discrimination between the substrate and total cell carbon from bacterial cultures averaged 2.3 ppt plus or minus 0.6 ppt. Furthermore, the isotope discrimination between the substrate and nucleic acids extracted from bacterial cultures was 2.4 ppt plus or minus 0.4 ppt, not significantly different from the discrimination between bacteria and the substrate. Generally, the lack of isotope discrimination between bacteria and nucleic acids that was noted in the laboratory was observed in the field. Exceptions to this generalization were due to changes in bacterial substrate sources as a result of the incubation experiments that were used to obtain bacteria for isotope analysis. Our results from work in the field and laboratory indicate that this approach is useful for tracing sources of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments and describing the bacterial role in its cycling. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Coffin, R B AU - Velinsky, D J AU - Devereux, R AU - Price, WA AU - Cifuentes, LA AD - Technical Resources, Inc., c/o U.S. EPA, Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 2012 EP - 2020 VL - 56 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - analysis KW - hybridization analysis KW - isotopes KW - nucleic acids KW - nutrient sources KW - rRNA 16S KW - substrata KW - substrates KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - estuaries KW - dissolved organic carbon KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - hybridization KW - Q1 08206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - J 02726:RNA and ribosomes KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Q4 27170:Microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa) KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15762115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Stable+carbon+isotope+analysis+of+nucleic+acids+to+trace+sources+of+dissolved+substrates+used+by+estuarine+bacteria.&rft.au=Coffin%2C+R+B%3BVelinsky%2C+D+J%3BDevereux%2C+R%3BPrice%2C+WA%3BCifuentes%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Coffin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2012&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - estuaries; nucleic acids; dissolved organic carbon; hybridization; substrata; hybridization analysis; nutrient sources; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Report: Documenting the U.S. landfill/impoundment permit: A guide to technical resources. AN - 15761668; 2383704 AB - To provide a single source for references on permit requirements, the EPA has issued a reference guide - a directory of literature resources - with suggestions on how the resources can be used in the RCRA permitting process. The objectives of the regulations are to protect human health and the environment and to address many approaches to designing, constructing, and operating landfills and surface impoundments. Accordingly an applicant for a permit must demonstrate that each facility will satisfy the regulations. The permitting process involves: identifying and justifying the specific technical parameters needed to achieve the prevailing standards; identifying and justifying the methodologies used to determine whether these technical parameters are within acceptable ranges; and demonstrating, with the use of these methodologies, that each technical parameter falls within an acceptable range. JF - Waste Management & Research AU - Landreth, R E AD - Risk Reduct. Eng. Lab., U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 307 EP - 312 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 0734-242X, 0734-242X KW - report KW - United States KW - impoundment KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - landfills KW - legislation KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15761668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.atitle=Report%3A+Documenting+the+U.S.+landfill%2Fimpoundment+permit%3A+A+guide+to+technical+resources.&rft.au=Landreth%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Landreth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+Management+%26+Research&rft.issn=0734242X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - landfills; legislation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinguishing diphenylamine and N-nitrosodiphenylamine in hazardous waste samples by using high-performance liquid chromatography/thermospray/mass spectrometry. AN - 15760608; 2376925 AB - N-Nitrosodiphenylamine and diphenylamine in environmental samples cannot be easily distinguished and determined by conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. By using a high-performance liquid chromatography/thermospray/mass spectrometry technique we were able to directly distinguish these two compounds in a complex environmental matrix. Analytical results showed two distinct chromatographic peaks and distinct mass spectra of these two compounds. The unequivocal identification and measurement of one of the compounds in a contaminated soil sample from a hazardous waste site is demonstrated. JF - Environmental Science and Technology AU - Ho, J S AU - Bellar, T A AU - Eichelberger, J W AU - Budde, W L AD - Environ. Monit. Syst. Lab., Off. Res. and Dev., U.S. EPA, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1748 EP - 1751 VL - 24 IS - 11 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - gas chromatography KW - soils KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - amines KW - hazardous wastes KW - mass spectroscopy KW - sampling methods KW - disposal sites KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15760608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Distinguishing+diphenylamine+and+N-nitrosodiphenylamine+in+hazardous+waste+samples+by+using+high-performance+liquid+chromatography%2Fthermospray%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Ho%2C+J+S%3BBellar%2C+T+A%3BEichelberger%2C+J+W%3BBudde%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1748&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mass spectroscopy; hazardous wastes; disposal sites; sampling methods; amines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ester hydrolysis rate constant prediction from infrared interferograms. AN - 15759748; 2377202 AB - A method for predicting reactivity parameters of organic chemicals from spectroscopic data is being developed to assist in assessing the environmental fate of pollutants. The prototype system, which employs multiple linear regression analysis using selected points from the Fourier transforms of mid-infrared gas-phase spectra, has been applied to the prediction of the alkaline hydrolysis rate constants (k sub(OH)) of 41 carboxylic acid esters. True predictions (calculations made for compounds not used to generate the calibration equation upon which the prediction is made) of log k sub(OH) average within 43% of the experimental value for 36 of the esters ( similar to 88% of the data set). For these compounds, a plot of calculated versus predicted log k sub(OH) values yields a correlation coefficient (r super(2)) of 0.887. JF - Environmental Science and Technology AU - Collette, T W AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613-7799, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1671 EP - 1676 VL - 24 IS - 11 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - organic compounds KW - pollutant detection KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - hydrolysis KW - spectroscopy KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15759748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Ester+hydrolysis+rate+constant+prediction+from+infrared+interferograms.&rft.au=Collette%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Collette&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1671&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - spectroscopy; hydrolysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomarkers of inflammation on ozone-exposed humans. Comparison of the nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage. AN - 15755903; 2371934 AB - Previously we established that an acute inflammatory response in the upper respiratory tract of humans could be studied by analyses of nasal lavages (NL). The relationship of these cellular responses to responses in the lower lung has not been thoroughly investigated in humans. In this study we have compared the cellular changes detected in NL with those detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) taken from the same individual. A significant increase in PMN was detected in the NL immediately postexposure to O sub(3) and remained elevated in the 18 h post-O sub(3) NL. A similar increase in PMN was detected in the BAL 18 h after exposure to O sub(3). The albumin levels in the NL and BAL were also similarly increased 18 h after O sub(3). Although a qualitative correlation in the mean number of PMN existed between the upper and lower respiratory tract after O sub(3), comparison of the NL and BAL PMN from each individual showed a significant quantitative correlation for the air data but not for the O sub(3) data. JF - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine AU - Graham, DE AU - Koren, H S AD - Cell and Mol. Biol. Sect., U.S. EPA/HERL MD-58, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 152 EP - 156 VL - 142 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0805, 0003-0805 KW - ozone KW - biomarkers KW - lavage KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - inflammation KW - man KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15755903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Biomarkers+of+inflammation+on+ozone-exposed+humans.+Comparison+of+the+nasal+and+bronchoalveolar+lavage.&rft.au=Graham%2C+DE%3BKoren%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.issn=00030805&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - inflammation; man; toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of methanol on autonomic thermoregulation of rats at different ambient temperatures. AN - 15738534; 2354930 AB - To measure the effect of methanol on autonomic thermoregulation, male Fischer rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline or 1 or 3 g/kg methanol (20% w/v in saline). The rats were then placed in a chamber, set at an ambient temperature (T sub(a)) of 5, 15, 25, or 35 degree C, for 60 min while total activity, metabolic rate (MR), evaporative water loss (EWL), and dry thermal conductance were measured. After 60 min, the rat was removed from the chamber and colonic temperature (T sub(c)) was measured. The rats developed a significant hypothermia following the 3 g/kg dosage of methanol at T sub(a)'s from 5 to 25 degree C, while the change in T sub(c) at 35 degree C was not significant. Total activity decreased following 3 g/kg methanol at T sub(a)'s from 15 to 35 degree C. At a T sub(a) of 25 degree C, MR was at basal levels and methanol had no effect, but at the other T sub(a)'s, where MR was elevated, methanol caused a significant reduction in MR. EWL and thermal conductance were elevated at 35 degree C in control rats, and methanol reduced EWL at this T sub(a) while it had no effect on conductance at this or any other T sub(a). JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Mohler, F S AU - Gordon, C J AD - U.S. EPA, HERL, NTD (MD-74B), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 153 EP - 162 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - methanol KW - effects on KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - thermoregulation KW - X 24151:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15738534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Effects+of+methanol+on+autonomic+thermoregulation+of+rats+at+different+ambient+temperatures.&rft.au=Mohler%2C+F+S%3BGordon%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Mohler&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - thermoregulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foliar leaching and root uptake of Ca, Mg and K in relation to acid fog effects on Douglas-fir. AN - 15734762; 2342461 AB - The impact of acid fog on foliar leaching and root uptake of Ca, Mg, and K by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii ) seedlings was examined. In a factorial experiment, 1-year old seedlings were grown in solution culture at two levels of nutrient availability (low and moderate) and exposed twice a week (4 hr per event) for 12 weeks to fog at pH 5.6 or pH 3.1. Throughfall enrichment of Ca, Mg and K was determined from drip collectors at the base of each seedling and root uptake rates for trees under the moderate nutrient regime were evaluated by monitoring nutrient solution depletion. Throughfall enrichment was higher in the pH 3.1 fog than the pH 5.6 fog but much of the enrichment appeared to be wash off of precipitate from previous fogs. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Turner, D P AU - Tingey, D T AD - NSI Technological Services Inc., U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., 200 S.W. 35th, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 205 EP - 214 VL - 49 IS - 1-2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - fog KW - manganese KW - calcium KW - potassium KW - acid fog KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - nutrients KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - leaching KW - pH KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15734762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Foliar+leaching+and+root+uptake+of+Ca%2C+Mg+and+K+in+relation+to+acid+fog+effects+on+Douglas-fir.&rft.au=Turner%2C+D+P%3BTingey%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudotsuga menziesii; leaching; nutrients; manganese; calcium; potassium; pH ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods development and implementation for the National Pesticide Survey. AN - 15730040; 2349367 JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Munch, D J AU - Graves, R L AU - Maxey, R A AU - Engel, T M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1446 EP - 1451 VL - 24 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - surveys KW - groundwater contamination KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - pesticides KW - water wells KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15730040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Methods+development+and+implementation+for+the+National+Pesticide+Survey.&rft.au=Munch%2C+D+J%3BGraves%2C+R+L%3BMaxey%2C+R+A%3BEngel%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Munch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1446&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pesticides; water wells; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory culture of jacksmelt, Atherinopsis californiensis , and topsmelt, Atherinops affinis (Pisces: Atherinidae), with a description of larvae. AN - 15725553; 2341942 AB - Embryonic and larval jacksmelt, Atherinopsis californiensis , and topsmelt, Atherinops affinis , were cultured in the laboratory. Larval A. californiensis were grown for 24 days at 10, 20 and 30 ppt salinity. Survival, 80-91%, was highest at 10 ppt salinity. Increases in standard length (SL) and wet weight were greatest for larvae cultured at 10 or 20 ppt. Survival of larval A. affinis cultured at 10, 20 and 30 ppt for 24 ranged from 99-100%. Unique melanophore patterns provide a useful character for identification of these two closely related atherinid fishes which occur sympatrically in California bays and estuaries. JF - California Fish and Game AU - Middaugh, D P AU - Hemmer, MJ AU - Shenker, J M AU - Takita, T AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 4 EP - 13 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 0008-1078, 0008-1078 KW - laboratory culture KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - colour KW - Marine KW - INE, USA, California KW - larval development KW - Atherinopsis californiensis KW - Atherinops affinis KW - fish larvae KW - animal morphology KW - Q1 08343:Taxonomy and morphology KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08344:Reproduction and development KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15725553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.atitle=Laboratory+culture+of+jacksmelt%2C+Atherinopsis+californiensis+%2C+and+topsmelt%2C+Atherinops+affinis+%28Pisces%3A+Atherinidae%29%2C+with+a+description+of+larvae.&rft.au=Middaugh%2C+D+P%3BHemmer%2C+MJ%3BShenker%2C+J+M%3BTakita%2C+T&rft.aulast=Middaugh&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=California+Fish+and+Game&rft.issn=00081078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - colour; larval development; animal morphology; fish larvae; Atherinopsis californiensis; Atherinops affinis; INE, USA, California; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbendazim-induced alterations of reproductive development and function in the rat and hamster. AN - 15719391; 2351639 AB - Carbendazim (MBC), a known reproductive toxicant, was administered to male and female rats from weaning, through puberty, gestation, and lactation. A similar study was conducted with hamsters. In rats, MBC was administered at 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg/day. Hamsters were dosed at 0 or 400 mg/kg/day. In the parent (P0) generation of both species, MBC did not alter pubertal development, growth, or viability. The reproductive potential of the rats treated with MBC at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day was reduced due to effects on sperm production and fetal viability. In the male rat, MBC treatment markedly altered sperm morphology, testicular and epididymal weights, and sperm numbers and testicular histology. Fertility, sperm motility, and hormonal levels were altered, primarily in the males with very low sperm counts. The ability to conceive did not appear to involve a female factor. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Gray, LE Jr AU - Ostby, J AU - Linder, R AU - Goldman, J AU - Rehnberg, G AU - Cooper, R AD - Dev. Reprod. Biol., Endocrinol./Gerontol. and Gamete Biol. Sect., DTD, Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 281 EP - 297 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - carbendazim KW - effects on KW - rats KW - hamsters KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - fungicides KW - reproduction KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15719391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Carbendazim-induced+alterations+of+reproductive+development+and+function+in+the+rat+and+hamster.&rft.au=Gray%2C+LE+Jr%3BOstby%2C+J%3BLinder%2C+R%3BGoldman%2C+J%3BRehnberg%2C+G%3BCooper%2C+R&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - teratogenicity; reproduction; fungicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of volatile hydrocarbons as mobile source tracers for fine-particulate organics. AN - 15719202; 2344313 AB - Several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been identified as candidates for tracers of fine-particulate carbon and extractable organic matter (EOM) from mobile sources. They include o-xylene, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, methylcyclohexane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and 2-methylpentane. The identification resulted from a multiple-screening procedure in which the ambient concentrations of a candidate VOC were first required to have both a high correlation with ambient concentrations of fine-particulate Pb, a well-established tracer of mobile source emissions, and a low correlation with concentrations of soil-corrected fine-particle potassium (K'), a previously demonstrated tracer of wood combustion, using measurements from an airshed in which these were the dominant sources. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Zweidinger, R B AU - Stevens, R K AU - Lewis, C W AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 538 EP - 542 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - tracers KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - volatile organic compounds KW - organic matter KW - particulates KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15719202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+volatile+hydrocarbons+as+mobile+source+tracers+for+fine-particulate+organics.&rft.au=Zweidinger%2C+R+B%3BStevens%2C+R+K%3BLewis%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Zweidinger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=538&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - particulates; volatile organic compounds; organic matter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequential inoculation as an adjunct in enteric virus plaque enumeration. AN - 15715840; 2348199 AB - The potential utility of sequentially inoculating a virus sample onto two different cultures of similar vs dissimilar cell lines was evaluated in conjunction with IDU (5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine) treatment of the cells as a potential adjunct in viral plaque formation assays. This evaluation was done using laboratory grown human echovirus 7, human enterovirus 69 and human poliovirus 1, plus an environmental concentrate derived from sewage that contained indigenous untyped enteroviruses. The cell lines employed were BGM, RD, L-132 and HEL-299. Sequential inoculation generally yielded high viral assay titers when compared with the more traditional method of simply introducing viral inoculum onto a culture of the first (initial) cell line and then completing the assay without removing that inoculum. JF - Water Research AU - Benton, W H AU - Hurst, C J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 905 EP - 909 VL - 24 IS - 7 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - viruses KW - iododeoxyuridine KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - laboratory methods KW - water treatment KW - assays KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15715840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Sequential+inoculation+as+an+adjunct+in+enteric+virus+plaque+enumeration.&rft.au=Benton%2C+W+H%3BHurst%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - assays; laboratory methods; water treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioassay directed characterization of the acute aquatic toxicity of a creosote leachate. AN - 15713198; 2344786 AB - A toxicity based approach to chemical characterization has been used to identify select toxicants in an aqueous leachate of creosote. Gas chromatographic-mass spectral analysis of toxic fractions of the leachate identified pentachlorophenol and a mixture of low molecular weight heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as suspect toxicants from among the hundreds of chemicals found in the leachate. JF - HAZARDOUS WASTE HAZARDOUS MATER. AU - Kuehl, D W AU - Ankley, G T AU - Burkhard, L P AU - Jensen, D AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 283 EP - 291 VL - 7 IS - 3 KW - aquatic environments KW - chemical pollutants KW - creosote KW - leachates KW - toxicity tests KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - bioassays KW - mass spectroscopy KW - Freshwater KW - Ceriodaphnia dubia KW - gas chromatography KW - aquatic organisms KW - toxicity KW - pollution effects KW - leaching KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15713198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.atitle=Bioassay+directed+characterization+of+the+acute+aquatic+toxicity+of+a+creosote+leachate.&rft.au=Kuehl%2C+D+W%3BAnkley%2C+G+T%3BBurkhard%2C+L+P%3BJensen%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kuehl&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=HAZARDOUS+WASTE+HAZARDOUS+MATER.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gas chromatography; chemical pollutants; aquatic organisms; toxicity; bioassays; toxicity tests; mass spectroscopy; pollution effects; leaching; leachates; Ceriodaphnia dubia; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A statistical procedure for determining the best performing air quality simulation model. AN - 15711338; 2344153 AB - Air quality simulation models have been the subject of extensive evaluations to determine their performance under a variety of environmental and meteorological conditions. While much information has been gathered, no clearly defined methodology exists for comparing the performance of two or more models. The purpose of this paper is to present a statistically oriented procedure to test if the performance of one model is superior to others using a composite performance index involving the bootstrap resampling technique. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Cox, WM AU - Tikvart, JA AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Air Qual. Plann. and Stand. (MD-14), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 2387 EP - 2395 VL - 24A IS - 9 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - air quality KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - performance KW - statistical analysis KW - simulation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15711338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=A+statistical+procedure+for+determining+the+best+performing+air+quality+simulation+model.&rft.au=Cox%2C+WM%3BTikvart%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24A&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - simulation; statistical analysis; performance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid rain and the Clean Air Act. AN - 15677863; 2308964 AB - Current federal legislation dealing with pollution was designed to function at local and state levels. The acid rain problem, however, transcends state and international boundaries and has made amending the Clean Air Act unavoidable. JF - Chemical Engineering Progress AU - Leaf, DA AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 25 EP - 29 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0360-7275, 0360-7275 KW - legislation KW - acid precipitation KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Clean Air Act KW - emission control KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15677863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.atitle=Acid+rain+and+the+Clean+Air+Act.&rft.au=Leaf%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Leaf&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.issn=03607275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clean Air Act; emission control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of a gene probe with classical methods for detecting 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-biodegrading bacteria in natural waters. AN - 15676637; 2311390 AB - Colony hybridizations with a gene probe for enumeration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacteria were compared with classical enrichment and radiolabel most-probable-number (MPN) assay methods. Two natural water samples (rivers) and raw sewage were tested by each method. UV scans of enrichment cultures revealed 2,4-D degradation with raw sewage occurred in 4-11 days. Autoradiograms of colony blots were also used to estimate numbers of 2,4-D-degrading bacteria. These estimates were also supported by the UV scan data from enrichment cultures. Raw sewage gave counts between 5 x 10 super(4) and 2.9 x 10 super(5) 2,4-D-degrading bacteria/ml, which correlates well with the estimates obtained by super(14)C-MPN analyses. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Amy, P S AU - Staudaher, M V AU - Seidler, R J AD - U.S. EPA, 200 S.W. 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 95 EP - 101 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid KW - analysis KW - aquatic bacteria KW - bacteria KW - biodegradation KW - enumeration KW - genes KW - probes KW - rivers KW - sewage KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Freshwater KW - A 01105:Non-patents KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q4 27160:Methods and instruments KW - Q1 08182:Methods and instruments KW - W 30530:Environment and pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15676637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+a+gene+probe+with+classical+methods+for+detecting+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid+%282%2C4-D%29-biodegrading+bacteria+in+natural+waters.&rft.au=Amy%2C+P+S%3BStaudaher%2C+M+V%3BSeidler%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Amy&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; sewage; genes; bacteria; analysis; rivers; probes; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 10,000-yr history of natural ecosystem acidification. AN - 15667704; 2310717 AB - This study examines natural, long-term ( approximately equals 10 super(4) yr) acidification processes in New England using paleoecological methods (pollen, diatoms, and the chemistry of three operationally defined sediment fractions) and a paired watershed approach. The two sites in this study are similar in size, lake depth, elevation, aspect, and local climate, but Cone Pond, New Hampshire, is an acidic, clearwater lake in a catchment of thin tills derived from base-poor gneisses and schists, whereas South King Pond, Vermont is a mesotrophic lake in a catchment of thicker tills derived from slates, phyllites, and limestone. The historical accident of low till deposition in the Cone Pond catchment has been an important predisposing factor for natural, long-term ecosystem acidification, leading to truncated soil profiles, shortened hydrologic flow paths, lower overall supplies of base cations, and an enhanced susceptibility to biogeochemical changes driven by changes in upland vegetation. JF - Ecological Monographs AU - Ford AD - Environ. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, 200 S.W. 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 57 EP - 89 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0012-9615, 0012-9615 KW - freshwater ecology KW - palaeoecology KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - historical account KW - USA, New England KW - acidification KW - geomorphology KW - Freshwater KW - D 04680:Paleoecology KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15667704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Monographs&rft.atitle=A+10%2C000-yr+history+of+natural+ecosystem+acidification.&rft.au=Ford&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Monographs&rft.issn=00129615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - historical account; freshwater ecology; acidification; geomorphology; USA, New England; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recovery of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone from water samples on XAD resins and the effect of chlorine on its mutagenicity. AN - 15665511; 2306567 AB - The recovery of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) from granular activated-carbon-treated distilled water by adsorption on XAD-8 resin was approximately 3-fold greater than on XAD-2 resin. When chlorine was added at levels ranging from 0 to 3 mg/L, the percent of MX recovered by XAD adsorption decreased as the concentration of chlorine increased. In aqueous solutions of MX a time-dependent decrease in mutagenicity was observed. The rate of mutagenicity decay was greater in the presence of chlorine. Measurement of the UV absorbance of MX solutions also showed the concentration to decrease in the presence of chlorine, at a rate that increased with increasing chlorine concentration. The second-order rate constant was estimated to be 32.3 L mol super(-1) min super(-1). JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Schenck, K M AU - Meier, J R AU - Ringhand, H P AU - Kopfler, F C AD - Genet. Toxicol. Div., Health Eff. Res. Lab., US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 863 EP - 867 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - water sampling KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - chlorine KW - distillation KW - activated carbon KW - adsorption KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15665511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+3-chloro-4-%28dichloromethyl%29-5-hydroxy-2%285H%29-furanone+from+water+samples+on+XAD+resins+and+the+effect+of+chlorine+on+its+mutagenicity.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+K+M%3BMeier%2C+J+R%3BRinghand%2C+H+P%3BKopfler%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=863&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - activated carbon; distillation; adsorption; chlorine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EPA's assessment of European contaminated soil treatment techniques. AN - 15660743; 2307613 AB - Site remediation is a pressing issue in European countries due to limited availability of land. Therefore, much progress is being made in the development of effective technologies for remediating contaminated sites. The purpose of the program described in this paper was to investigate the most successful and innovative European technologies for potential introduction into U.S. markets. JF - Environmental Progress AU - Pheiffer, TH AU - Nunno, T J AU - Walters, J S AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Model., Monit. Syst., and Qual. Assur., Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 79 EP - 86 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 0278-4491, 0278-4491 KW - Europe KW - soils KW - contamination KW - technology KW - hazardous wastes KW - waste management KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15660743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+assessment+of+European+contaminated+soil+treatment+techniques.&rft.au=Pheiffer%2C+TH%3BNunno%2C+T+J%3BWalters%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Pheiffer&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress&rft.issn=02784491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solubility and toxicity of eight phthalate esters to four aquatic organisms. AN - 15658888; 2301882 AB - Solubility values for eight phthalate esters investigated ranged from 0.020 to 121 mg/L. Acute toxicity tests were conducted with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas ) and all eight phthalate esters. Acute and chronic tests were conducted with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes ) using di-2-ethylhexylphthalate. In addition, the chronic toxicity of the three di-n-butylphthalates and a mixture of these three phthalates was examined using daphnids (Daphnia magna ). Fathead minnow 96-h LC50 values for di-n-butyl-ortho-phthalate, di-n-butyl-tere-phthalate, di-n-butyl-iso-phthalate and alpha ,w-butylene (di(o-(4-hydroxy-butoxycarbonyl)-benzoate) were 1.1, 0.61, 0.90 and 121 mgL, respectively. Di-n-octyl-ortho-phthalate, di-n-octyl-iso-phthalate and di-n-octyl-tere-phthalate were not acutely toxic to fathead minnows at concentrations that exceeded the water solubility estimates for each phthalate. Di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate was not acutely toxic to any tested species at the highest tested concentrations. Significant adverse effects on reproduction occurred in 21-d chronic tests with D. magna at concentrations of 1.91, 0.20 and 0.64 mg/L for di-n-butyl-ortho-phthalate, di-n-butyl-iso-phthalate and di-n-butyl-tere-phthalate, respectively. A daphnid mixture test with these three phthalates showed complete additivity, which suggests a similar mode of toxic action. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - DeFoe, D L AU - Holcombe, G W AU - Hammermeister, DE AU - Biesinger, KE AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 623 EP - 636 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - phthalate esters KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Oryzias latipes KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Freshwater KW - reproduction KW - Daphnia magna KW - Pimephales promelas KW - aquatic organisms KW - toxicity KW - sexual reproduction KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15658888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Solubility+and+toxicity+of+eight+phthalate+esters+to+four+aquatic+organisms.&rft.au=DeFoe%2C+D+L%3BHolcombe%2C+G+W%3BHammermeister%2C+DE%3BBiesinger%2C+KE&rft.aulast=DeFoe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic organisms; toxicity; sexual reproduction; reproduction; Pimephales promelas; Oryzias latipes; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Daphnia magna; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A future for pesticide-free foods?. AN - 15650997; 2292326 JF - EPA Journal AU - Popkin, R AD - U.S. EPA, Off. Community and Public Aff., USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 31 EP - 33 VL - 16 IS - 3 KW - foods KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - residues KW - pesticides KW - H SE2.20:CROP CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15650997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPA+Journal&rft.atitle=A+future+for+pesticide-free+foods%3F.&rft.au=Popkin%2C+R&rft.aulast=Popkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EPA+Journal&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - residues; pesticides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting bioaccumulation potential: A test of a fugacity-based model. AN - 15649737; 2300861 AB - Clams (Macoma nasuta ) from an unpolluted site in Yaquina Bay, Oregon were exposed in the laboratory for 28 days to 6 field-contaminated sediments (treatments) which varied widely in concentration of 10 organic pollutants. Mean accumulation factors (AF = (concentration in tissue/lipid, %/100)/(concentration in sediment/total organic carbon, %/100)) of 8 neutral organic compounds (DDE (p,p'), 2,2',3,5'6-pentachlorobiphenyl, 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, Aroclor) 1254, pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b,(k))fluoranthene) were homogeneous across treatments. Statistically significant differences were detected between some treatment AFs for DDD (p,p') and benz(a)anthracene, and between some chemicals within treatments (experimentwise alpha = 0.05). Accumulation factors were less than 2 and less variable in highly polluted, organically enriched sediments (total organic carbon greater than or equal to 3.69), but sometimes exceeded 2 in clams exposed to surficial (0-2 cm deep) sediments with low pollutant concentration and low organic carbon content. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Ferraro, S P AU - Lee, H II AU - Ozretich, RJ AU - Specht, D T AD - U.S. EPA, Pacific Div., Hatfield Mar. Sci. Cent., Newport, OR 97365, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 386 EP - 394 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - pollutants KW - potential KW - toxicants KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - sediments KW - Macoma nasuta KW - bioaccumulation KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15649737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Predicting+bioaccumulation+potential%3A+A+test+of+a+fugacity-based+model.&rft.au=Ferraro%2C+S+P%3BLee%2C+H+II%3BOzretich%2C+RJ%3BSpecht%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollutants; sediments; bioaccumulation; Macoma nasuta; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chlorpyrifos on the diet and growth of larval fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas , in littoral enclosures. AN - 15642523; 2285715 AB - A series of 12 littoral enclosures constructed within a 2 ha, mesotrophic pond near Duluth, Minnesota were used to determine if sublethal concentrations of the insecticide chlorpyrifos (0,0,-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothioate) could lead to changes in the diet and growth of fathead minnow larvae (Pimephales promelas ). Chlorpyrifos was added to the enclosures at nominal concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 5.0, and 20.0 mu g/L in a single application on June 16, 1986. Growth rates of larvae were significantly reduced in the treated enclosures during the 32-d study period. The most dramatic differences in the mean size of larvae from the four treatment groups were observed 15 d posttreatment. These differences corresponded to the most significant reductions in cladoceran, copepod, rotifer, and chironomid populations in the treated enclosures. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Brazner, J C AU - Kline, E R AD - U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Duluth, MN 55804, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1157 EP - 1165 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - fish larvae KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - insecticides KW - Pimephales promelas KW - food consumption KW - toxicity tests KW - sublethal effects KW - Freshwater KW - growth KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15642523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chlorpyrifos+on+the+diet+and+growth+of+larval+fathead+minnows%2C+Pimephales+promelas+%2C+in+littoral+enclosures.&rft.au=Brazner%2C+J+C%3BKline%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Brazner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Incl. bibliogr.: 49 ref. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - insecticides; food consumption; sublethal effects; toxicity tests; growth; Pimephales promelas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dealing with danger: Part two: General findings and recommendations. AN - 15641828; 2291198 AB - Industry, Federal, State, and local authorities all have roles to play in preventing the release of Hazardous substances. Because chemical facilities are complex and require site-specific safety assessment and contingency planning, there should be close collaboration between industry and the community. Title III mechanisms such as the LEPCs should enhance prevention by increasing public awareness, public participation, and public expectations for safe operations. The LEPCs should also play an important role in improving local emergency response capabilities. The States, through Title III s SERCs and State agencies, have an active role in overseeing facilities. Industry must assume the primary responsibility for preventing accidents and ensuring the safety of its workers and the public health of the surrounding community. Industry, with the assistance of professional and trade associations, should also take the lead in conducting research on prevention technologies and in disseminating information. The Federal government should act as a catalyst, identifying problem areas and providing technical assistance when needed. JF - Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials Report Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 2 EP - 6 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0270-3777, 0270-3777 KW - chemicals KW - hazards KW - government policy KW - government policies KW - chemical industry KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - industries KW - public health KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SI6.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15641828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dangerous+Properties+of+Industrial+Materials+Report&rft.atitle=Dealing+with+danger%3A+Part+two%3A+General+findings+and+recommendations.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Dangerous+Properties+of+Industrial+Materials+Report&rft.issn=02703777&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - government policies; chemical industry; public health; industries; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Commentary on "Cellular, biochemical and functional effects of ozone: New research and perspectives on ozone health effects". AN - 15623261; 2269331 JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Hatch, GE AU - Tepper, J AU - Selgrade, MJ AU - Costa, D L AD - Health Eff. Res. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 119 EP - 123 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - ozone KW - effects on KW - health KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - man KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15623261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Commentary+on+%22Cellular%2C+biochemical+and+functional+effects+of+ozone%3A+New+research+and+perspectives+on+ozone+health+effects%22.&rft.au=Hatch%2C+GE%3BTepper%2C+J%3BSelgrade%2C+MJ%3BCosta%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Hatch&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - man; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal impact of blending oxygenated organics with gasoline on motor vehicle tailpipe and evaporative emissions. AN - 15614105; 2259394 AB - Emissions from a 1988 GM Corsica with adaptive learning closed loop control were measured with 4 fuels at 40, 75, and 90 degree F. Evaporative and exhaust emissions were examined from each fuel at each test temperature. Test fuels were unleaded summer grade gasoline; a blend of this gasoline containing 8.1 percent ethanol; a refiner's blend stock; and the blend stock containing 16.2 percent methyl tertiary butyl ether. The ethanol and MTBE blends contained 3.0 percent oxygen by weight. Regulated emissions (total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen), detailed aldehydes, detailed hydrocarbons, ethanol, MTBE, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene were determined. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Stump, F D AU - Knapp, K T AU - Ray, W D AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 872 EP - 880 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - gasoline KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - temperature KW - fuel technology KW - evaporation KW - automotive exhaust emissions KW - oxygenation KW - seasonal variations KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H ST2.26:EMISSIONS AND EMISSION CONTROL KW - H SI3.20:OIL EXPLORATION SITE SAFETY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15614105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Seasonal+impact+of+blending+oxygenated+organics+with+gasoline+on+motor+vehicle+tailpipe+and+evaporative+emissions.&rft.au=Stump%2C+F+D%3BKnapp%2C+K+T%3BRay%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Stump&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=872&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - automotive exhaust emissions; evaporation; temperature; seasonal variations; fuel technology; oxygenation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guidance for the field demonstration of remediation technologies. AN - 15612804; 2260702 AB - This paper will focus on the demonstration of hazardous waste cleanup technologies in the field. The technologies will be at the pilot- or full-scale, and further referred to as field-scale. The main objectives of demonstration at the field-scale are development of reliable performance and cost data. Technology demonstrations provide performance, cost effectiveness, and reliability data so that potential technology users have sufficient information to make effective decisions as to the applicability of the technology to a specific situation. The demonstration and evaluation of a technology should be conducted with the purpose of characterizing performance, need for pre- and post-processing of the waste feed, identification of waste type and constituents applicable to the technology, system throughput, problems and limitations of the technology, and operating and maintenance costs. Table I provides a summary of remediation activities for demonstration projects. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - James, S C AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 801 EP - 806 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - hazardous wastes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste management KW - maintenance KW - economics KW - cleaning process KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15612804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Guidance+for+the+field+demonstration+of+remediation+technologies.&rft.au=James%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cleaning process; maintenance; economics; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A management systems review of the Superfund RI/FS: Opportunities for streamlining. AN - 15601269; 2256634 AB - The Management Systems Review is an important component of EPA's quality assurance program. MSRs enable managers to assess the effectiveness of environmental data operations and the quality assurance/quality control activities designed to ensure that the results are of the expected quality. These reviews inform managers about aspects of the environmental data operation that are working well and those which may warrant some improvement. A recent review of the Superfund remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) has shown that the MSR is an excellent tool for providing a systematic definition of complex environmental data operations and for enabling a thorough analysis of these operations. The MSR utilized information gathered from interviews of Regional staff and management and from case studies of recently completed RI/FSs. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Johnson, G L AU - Wynn, L H AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 733 EP - 737 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - Superfund KW - remedial investigation KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - government programs KW - feasibility studies KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15601269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=A+management+systems+review+of+the+Superfund+RI%2FFS%3A+Opportunities+for+streamlining.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+G+L%3BWynn%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - feasibility studies; government programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of proposed air emission standards and guidelines for municipal waste combustors. AN - 15600196; 2258927 AB - The EPA proposed regulations for municipal waste combustors (MWCs) on December 20, 1989. The regulations include (1) performance standards under Section 111(b) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) for new, modified, or reconstructed MWCs and (2) draft emission guidelines and compliance schedules for the states to use to develop control requirements from existing MWCs under Section 111(d). This paper will outline the proposed air emission standards and guidelines, as well as the basis for the prescribed emission limits. The schedule for the remainder of the regulations development will also be discussed. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Johnston, M G AU - Stevenson, W H AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 932 EP - 935 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - municipal wastes KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - waste treatment KW - Clean Air Act KW - combustion KW - emission standards KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15600196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Overview+of+proposed+air+emission+standards+and+guidelines+for+municipal+waste+combustors.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+M+G%3BStevenson%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=932&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - emission standards; combustion; Clean Air Act; waste treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SITE demonstration of the CF systems organic extraction process. AN - 15594387; 2259264 AB - The CF Systems Organic Extraction Process was used to remove PCBs from contaminated sediment dredged from the New Bedford Harbor. This work was done as part of a field demonstration under EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The purpose of the SITE program is to provide an independent and objective evaluation of innovative waste remediation processes. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the SITE demonstration of this technology. Results of the demonstration tests show that the system, which uses liquefied propane, successfully removed PCBs from contaminated sediments in New Bedford Harbor. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Staley, L J AU - Valentinetti, R AU - McPherson, J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 926 EP - 931 VL - 40 IS - 6 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - PCB compounds KW - SITE KW - Massachusetts, New Bedford Harbor KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - sediments KW - cleaning process KW - contamination KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15594387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=SITE+demonstration+of+the+CF+systems+organic+extraction+process.&rft.au=Staley%2C+L+J%3BValentinetti%2C+R%3BMcPherson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Staley&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=926&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - contamination; sediments; cleaning process ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment methodologies for passive smoking-induced lung cancer. AN - 15580458; 2228945 AB - Risk assessment methodologies have been successfully applied to control societal risk from outdoor air pollutants. They are now being applied to indoor air pollutants such as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and radon. Nonsmokers' exposures to ETS have been assessed based on dosimetry of nicotine, its metabolite, continine, and on exposure to the particulate phase of ETS. Lung cancer responses have been based on both the epidemiology of active and of passive smoking. Nine risk assessments of nonsmokers' lung cancer risk from exposure to ETS have been performed. Some have estimated risks for lifelong nonsmokers only; others have included ex-smokers; still others have estimated total deaths from all causes. To facilitate interstudy comparison, in some cases lung cancers had to be interpolated from a total, or the authors' original estimate had to be adjusted to include ex-smokers. Further, all estimates were adjusted to 1988. JF - Risk Analysis AU - Repace, J L AU - Lowrey, AH AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 27 EP - 37 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - lung KW - air pollutants KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - passive smoking KW - environmental health KW - risk assessment KW - cancer KW - particulates KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15580458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+methodologies+for+passive+smoking-induced+lung+cancer.&rft.au=Repace%2C+J+L%3BLowrey%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Repace&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cancer; passive smoking; risk assessment; particulates; environmental health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Major sources of exposure to benzene and other volatile organic chemicals. AN - 15579656; 2228996 AB - The following paper summarizes recent findings regarding major sources of exposure to several VOCs. Benzene is selected as a case study. Brief discussions of tetrachloroethylene and paradichlorobenzene are also included. JF - Risk Analysis AU - Wallace, L AD - U.S. EPA, 401 M St., SW, RD-680, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 59 EP - 64 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - indoor environments KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15579656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Major+sources+of+exposure+to+benzene+and+other+volatile+organic+chemicals.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+L&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The COMPLY computer program for demonstrating compliance with national radionuclide air emission standards. AN - 15570755; 2226862 AB - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed national radionuclide air emission standards for a number of source categories. One of these standards applies to Nuclear Regulatory Commission Licensees and non-Department of Energy facilities having the potential to release radionuclides to the atmosphere. Approximately 6000 facilities are subject to the standard, which limits the effective whole-body dose commitment to the maximally exposed individual from radionuclide releases to the atmosphere. A computer program to assist the regulated community in determining compliance has been developed by the EPA's Office of Radiation Programs. The computer program COMPLY calculates the dose to an individual residing outside the facility. The program considers dose from inhalation, ingestion of contaminated food, air immersion, and ground deposition. It is based on models developed by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Compliance procedures provided in COMPLY are designed to reduce the burden on the regulated community. JF - Health Physics AU - Colli, A AU - Beal, S AU - Loomis, D AD - Off. Radiat. Programs, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 411 EP - 416 VL - 58 IS - 4 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - emission standards KW - computer programmes KW - COMPLY KW - air quality KW - atmosphere KW - radiation KW - radioisotopes KW - standards KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15570755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Physics&rft.atitle=The+COMPLY+computer+program+for+demonstrating+compliance+with+national+radionuclide+air+emission+standards.&rft.au=Colli%2C+A%3BBeal%2C+S%3BLoomis%2C+D&rft.aulast=Colli&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air quality; atmosphere; radioisotopes; standards; radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypothermia and hypometabolism: Sensitive indices of whole-body toxicity following exposure to metallic salts in the mouse. AN - 15566320; 2230227 AB - To investigate the practicality of hypothermia and hypometabolism as sensitive indices of toxicity in the mouse, oxygen consumption was monitored continuously and body temperature was measured at 30 min postinjection following the intraperitoneal administration of various metal salts. Eleven metal ions were tested: Al super(3+), Cd super(2+), Co super(2+), Cr super(2+), Cu super(2+), Hg super(2+), Mg super(2+), Mn super(2+), Ni super(2+), Pb super(2+), and Zn super(2+). All metals induced dose-dependent reductions in both oxygen consumption (hypometabolism) and deep body (colonic) temperature. Metal salts with relatively low LD50 doses such as Hg, Cd, and Ni were most efficacious in inducing hypothermia and hypometabolism. Moreover, there was a direct linear relationship between dose for inducing hypothermia or hypometabolism and the reported LD50. Hence, the hypothermia and hypometabolism test may prove to be a sensitive and rapid test for the evaluation of toxicity of environmental contaminants. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Gordon, C J AU - Fogelson, L AU - Highfill, J W AD - NTD/HERL, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 185 EP - 200 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - heavy metals KW - index KW - hypometabolism KW - hypothermia KW - mice KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - metals KW - salts KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - X 24161:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15566320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Hypothermia+and+hypometabolism%3A+Sensitive+indices+of+whole-body+toxicity+following+exposure+to+metallic+salts+in+the+mouse.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+C+J%3BFogelson%2C+L%3BHighfill%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - salts; toxicity; mice; metals; hypothermia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability of ozone air quality indicators in selected metropolitan statistical areas. AN - 15493120; 2218232 AB - This article analyzes numerical variability in ozone air quality data to understand how this variability affects the number of violations seen each year in metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Three commonly cited violation indices are used: 1) the annual number of expected exceedances averaged over 3 years is greater than 1; 2) the n+ 1th hourly value in n years of data is greater than 0.12 ppm; and 3) the annual number of expected exceedances is greater than 1. Only the first index is consistent with applicable regulations. The analyses indicate that about 23 percent of all MSAs with valid data had one or more change in their ozone violation status between 1979 and 1987. This change in status occurred for approximately 7 percent of all MSA-years of available data. This statistic was about one-third of the value usually obtained when the two incorrect, but commonly used, criteria of ozone violations are used. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - McCurdy, T AU - Atherton, R AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 477 EP - 486 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - ozone KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - air quality KW - urban areas KW - seasonal variations KW - statistics KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15493120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Variability+of+ozone+air+quality+indicators+in+selected+metropolitan+statistical+areas.&rft.au=McCurdy%2C+T%3BAtherton%2C+R&rft.aulast=McCurdy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air quality; statistics; seasonal variations; urban areas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating sources of indoor air pollution. AN - 15482814; 2218201 AB - Evaluation of indoor air pollution problems requires an understanding of the relationship between sources, air movement, and outdoor air exchange. Research is underway to investigate these relationships. A three-phase program is being implemented: 1) Environment chambers are used to provide source emission factors for specific indoor pollutants; 2) An IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) model has been developed to calculate indoor pollutant concentrations based on chamber emissions data and the air exchange and air movement within the indoor environment; and 3) An IAQ test house is used to conduct experiments to evaluate the model results. Examples are provided to show how this coordinated approach can be used to evaluate specific sources of indoor air pollution. Two sources are examined: 1) para-dichlorobenzene emissions from solid moth repellant; and 2) particle emissions from unvented kerosene heaters. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Tichenor, BA AU - Sparks, LA AU - White, J B AU - Jackson, MD AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 487 EP - 492 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - indoor environments KW - para-dichlorobenzene KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - emissions KW - particulates KW - air pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15482814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluating+sources+of+indoor+air+pollution.&rft.au=Tichenor%2C+BA%3BSparks%2C+LA%3BWhite%2C+J+B%3BJackson%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Tichenor&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air pollution; emissions; particulates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and evaluation of a high-flow rate dichotomous aerosol sampler. AN - 15479431; 2218156 AB - Two prototype high-flow dichotomous samplers, each simultaneously collecting fine (0.0-2.5 mu m), coarse (2.5-10.0 mu m), and total (0.0-10.0 mu m) particle samples from a single air stream, have been designed and evaluated. A series of tests were conducted to estimate the prototype sampler collection efficiencies over a range of particle concentrations, to compare prototype sampler collection efficiencies with standard particle monitors, and to evaluate relationships between particle size and sample chemistry. No statistical differences in particle collection efficiencies were observed between the two prototype samplers or between the prototype samplers and standard PM sub(10) and PM sub(2.5) high volume samplers. The study's analytical results indicate that the particle-bound organic compounds are primarily associated with the fine-particle sample and that the organics associated with the coarse-particle fraction did not significantly contribute to the total sample organic composition. JF - Environmental Professional AU - Highsmith, V R AU - Weant, C G AD - Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27717, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 115 EP - 122 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0191-5398, 0191-5398 KW - particle size KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - organic compounds KW - aerosols KW - air sampling KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15479431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Professional&rft.atitle=Design+and+evaluation+of+a+high-flow+rate+dichotomous+aerosol+sampler.&rft.au=Highsmith%2C+V+R%3BWeant%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Highsmith&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Professional&rft.issn=01915398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aerosols; air sampling; organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical ozone fluxes and related deposition parameters over agricultural and forested landscapes. AN - 15475478; 2210176 AB - The spatial variability and temporal behavior of the vertical flux of ozone have been investigated from turbulence measurements collected on aircraft flight legs in the daytime period during two consecutive summer experimental field programs. The data were obtained during horizontal flight legs conducted over agricultural crops and forested land in three different regions of the eastern United States. Results from individual experimental cases and statistics derived from all cases in each region are presented. Ozone flux generally exhibited a significant height dependency. The strongest negative (downward) fluxes in the lowest-level flight legs were primarily attributed to the uptake of ozone by the surface and vegetative cover. JF - BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROL. AU - Godowitch, J M AD - Atmos. Sci. Model. Div., Atmos. Res. and Expos. Assess. Lab., U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 375 EP - 404 VL - 50 IS - 1-4 KW - agriculture KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - forests KW - urban areas KW - vegetation KW - ozone KW - meteorology KW - boundary layers KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15475478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BOUNDARY-LAYER+METEOROL.&rft.atitle=Vertical+ozone+fluxes+and+related+deposition+parameters+over+agricultural+and+forested+landscapes.&rft.au=Godowitch%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Godowitch&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BOUNDARY-LAYER+METEOROL.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ozone; vegetation; urban areas; boundary layers; forests; meteorology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimutagenicity profiles for some model compounds. AN - 15473107; 2200313 AB - The concept of activity profile listings and plots, already applied successfully to the display of mutagenicity data, has been modified for application to antimutagenicity data. The activity profiles are bar graphs that have been organized in two general ways: for antimutagens that have been tested in combination with a given mutagen and for mutagens that have been tested in combination with a given antimutagen. Doses from both the mutagen and the antimutagen are displayed and plotted together with results on enhancement of inhibition of mutagenic activity. The short-term tests that have been used extensively to identify mutagens and potential carcinogens are increasingly being used to identify antimutagens and potential anticarcinogens. Three model mutagens, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, aflatoxin B sub(1) and benzo(a)pyrene, and 4 model antimutagens, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, glutathione and disulfiram, were selected from the data surveyed in the published literature. JF - Mutation Research AU - Waters, MD AU - Brady, AL AU - Stack, H F AU - Brockman, HE AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 57 EP - 85 VL - 238 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - antimutagens KW - profiles KW - plotting methodology KW - mutagens KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - mutagenicity KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15473107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Antimutagenicity+profiles+for+some+model+compounds.&rft.au=Waters%2C+MD%3BBrady%2C+AL%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BBrockman%2C+HE&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=238&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity testing; mutagenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Destruction of volatile organic compounds using catalytic oxidation. AN - 15425292; 2165601 AB - Catalytic oxidation is an air pollution control technique in which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and vapor-phase air toxics in an air emission stream are oxidized with the help of a catalyst. Design of catalytic systems for control of point source emissions is based on stream-specific characteristics and desired control efficiency. This paper discusses the key emission stream characteristics and VOC characteristics that affect the applicability of catalytic oxidation. The application of catalytic oxidation technology to four types of air emission source is discussed: (1) ground water stripping operations; (2) graphic arts facilities; (3) flexographic printing plants; and (4) latex monomer production. The characteristics of each of these emissions are discussed along with the catalytic technology used to control these emissions. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Kosuko, M AU - Nunez, C M AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 254 EP - 259 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - catalysts KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - oxidation KW - volatile organic compounds KW - air pollution control KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15425292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Destruction+of+volatile+organic+compounds+using+catalytic+oxidation.&rft.au=Kosuko%2C+M%3BNunez%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Kosuko&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - (Formerly JAPCA). N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - oxidation; air pollution control; volatile organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing methodology in environmental monitoring AN - 13756929; 199004638 AB - The organizations within the U.S. EPA concerned in the development and approval of environmental testing methods are reviewed. The steps involved in developing and issuing a testing method were also examined. The regulatory process by which testing methods were approved could be understood only on the basis of an understanding of the organization of the agency. Four programme offices, the Office of Water, the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, the Office of Air and Radiation, and the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, were responsible for developing and issuing environmental regulations and developing testing methods. The process by which methods were approved is explained. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Friedman, D AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 796 EP - 798 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13756929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Testing+methodology+in+environmental+monitoring&rft.au=Friedman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=796&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolated fish hepatocytes - model systems for toxicology research AN - 13753294; 199004531 AB - The advantages of in vitro cell cultures for toxicology studies are discussed. The isolation and culture of fish hepatocytes is described. A wide variety of physiological and biochemical functions had been studied with these cells. Toxicology research with them included toxicity tests, xenobiotic metabolism studies and genotoxicity studies. There are 148 references. JF - Aquatic Toxicology AU - Baksi, S M AU - Frazier, J M AD - U.S. EPA, Narragansett, R.I. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 229 EP - 256 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13753294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Isolated+fish+hepatocytes+-+model+systems+for+toxicology+research&rft.au=Baksi%2C+S+M%3BFrazier%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Baksi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioural toxicity syndromes: a promising tool for assessing toxicity mechanisms in juvenile fathead minnows AN - 13751906; 199002501 AB - Fathead minnows Pimephales promelas were exposed to acutely toxic concentrations of organic chemicals under flow-through conditions at 25C for 96 h. Chemicals were categorized according to 3 responses: hypoactivity, hyperactivity and physical deformity syndrome. The major signs that characterized each type of response and the chemicals that elicited each response are tabulated. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Drummond, R A AU - Russom, CL AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 37 EP - 46 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13751906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Behavioural+toxicity+syndromes%3A+a+promising+tool+for+assessing+toxicity+mechanisms+in+juvenile+fathead+minnows&rft.au=Drummond%2C+R+A%3BRussom%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Drummond&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional estimates of acid mine drainage impact on streams in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States AN - 13751799; 199004690 AB - The U.S. E.P.A. conducted the National Stream Survey to estimate the characteristics of 64,300 stream reaches in acid-sensitive sub-regions of the eastern U.S.A. on the basis of a randomized systematic survey of 500 stream reaches. Although the survey was designed primarily to assess the effects of acidic deposition, its statistical design allowed screening for stream reaches affected by acid mine drainage. Estimates of the status and extent of acid mine drainage pollution in the target areas were made. In the survey area, an estimated 2 per cent of all stream reaches were acidic due to acid mine drainage. In the subregions affected by acid mine drainage, roughly the same number of streams were acidic during spring baseflow due to acid mine drainage as due to acidic deposition. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Herlihy, A T AU - Kaufmann, PR AU - Mitch, ME AU - Brown, D D AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 91 EP - 107 VL - 50 IS - 1/2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13751799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Regional+estimates+of+acid+mine+drainage+impact+on+streams+in+the+Mid-Atlantic+and+Southeastern+United+States&rft.au=Herlihy%2C+A+T%3BKaufmann%2C+PR%3BMitch%2C+ME%3BBrown%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Ohio river oil spill: a case study AN - 13751294; 199003332 AB - Lessons that may be learned from a major oil spill, occasioned by the collapse of a storage tank near the Monongahela river, a principal tributary of the Ohio river, in January 1988, and which led to pronounced operational difficulties for water utilities abstracting from them, are discussed. Fluorimetric determinations were used to track the movement and intensity of the pollution plume; its movement was very variable, owing to rapid alternate icing and thawing conditions, during which the flow of the Ohio river varied sharply. The existing hazard warning system, co-ordinated by the Ohio River Valley Water and Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) worked well, in that advance warning of the probable need to close intakes and arrange for alternative supplies, at least to domestic users, was always given. Nevertheless, industries were compelled to shut down. Knowledge of the fate of the oil, especially the degree to which it might have lost its volatile components through prolonged exposure to the air if it was on the river surface, the depth to which it had penetrated within the water body, and the probable extent of microbial degradation at that time of year would have enabled some utilities to have planned their response differently. The possibility of selecting a valid computer model for predicting the intensity of a pollutant plume, taking account of these and hydrodynamic factors, should be explored by a suitable research organization. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Clark, R M AU - Vicory, AH AU - Goodrich, JA AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 39 EP - 44 VL - 82 IS - 3 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Hazard KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Ohio river valley water and sanitation commission KW - Ohio river valley water sanitation commission KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13751294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=The+Ohio+river+oil+spill%3A+a+case+study&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BVicory%2C+AH%3BGoodrich%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical note: adsorption capacity of GAC for synthetic organics AN - 13751001; 199002676 AB - Development is reported of carbon adsorption isotherm data for various regulated compounds or compounds considered for regulation by the U.S. EPA. Data are presented for 59 compounds in distilled-deionized water, filtered river water and filtered groundwater. Initial concentration ranges, Freundlich constants and 95 per cent confidence limits are tabulated. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Speth, T F AU - Miltner, R J AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 72 EP - 75 VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13751001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Technical+note%3A+adsorption+capacity+of+GAC+for+synthetic+organics&rft.au=Speth%2C+T+F%3BMiltner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Speth&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The acute and chronic toxicity of ammonia to marine fish and a mysid AN - 13750621; 199003115 AB - The toxicity of unionized ammonia to marine fish (larval inland silversides, (Menidia beryllina), mysids (Mysidopsis bahia), and freshwater minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) larvae is presented. The 96 h LC50 values were affected by both pH value and temperature. For the mysid, toxicity was greatest at pH 7 and lower at pH 8 and 9, and a reduction in salinity increased toxicity over this pH range. For silversides, toxicity was greatest at pH 7 and 9 and lowest at pH 8, and a reduction in salinity reduced toxicity at pH 7 and 9 and increased toxicity at pH 8. Temperature had no significant effect on the toxicity of ammonia to mysids acclimated at 18, 25 and 32.5C, but slightly increased the tolerance of acclimated minnows. There is a bibliography of 40 references. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Miller, D C AU - Poucher, S AU - Cardin, JA AU - Hansen, D AD - U.S. EPA, Narragansett, R.I. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 40 EP - 48 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Un-ionized KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13750621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+acute+and+chronic+toxicity+of+ammonia+to+marine+fish+and+a+mysid&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+C%3BPoucher%2C+S%3BCardin%2C+JA%3BHansen%2C+D&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential future effects of current levels of sulphur deposition on stream chemistry in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains, U.S.A. AN - 13750418; 199004695 AB - A new steady state index of potential future acidification was developed for regions with substantial levels of soil sulphate adsorption and applied to streams in the southern Blue Ridge Province of the eastern U.S.A.. For comparative purposes the index was also applied to north-eastern lakes. Percentages of stream reaches in the province and of lakes in the north-east which might become acidic at sulphur steady state were computed and compared with estimates of rates of chemical change in surface waters of the south-eastern U.S.A.. Little change in surface water chemistry had taken place so far. Though soils were currently retaining most deposited sulphur, marked sulphate increases in surface water were likely, accompanied by loss of acid neutralizing capacity. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Church, M R AU - Shaffer, P W AU - Eshleman, K N AU - Rochelle, B P AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 39 EP - 48 VL - 50 IS - 1/2 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13750418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Potential+future+effects+of+current+levels+of+sulphur+deposition+on+stream+chemistry+in+the+southern+Blue+Ridge+Mountains%2C+U.S.A.&rft.au=Church%2C+M+R%3BShaffer%2C+P+W%3BEshleman%2C+K+N%3BRochelle%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of fingerling brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), in dissolved oxygen concentration gradients AN - 13750212; 199004145 AB - Fingerling brook trout were allowed to move freely in oxygen concentration gradients between 1 and 8.9 mg per litre. Oxygen concentrations below 4 mg per litre were generally avoided, and the fish spent more than half the time in water with an oxygen concentration above 5 mg per litre. JF - Journal of Fish Biology AU - Spoor, WA AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 363 EP - 373 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1112, 0022-1112 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13750212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+fingerling+brook+trout%2C+Salvelinus+fontinalis+%28Mitchill%29%2C+in+dissolved+oxygen+concentration+gradients&rft.au=Spoor%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Spoor&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&rft.issn=00221112&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical study of sediment contamination in New Bedford Harbour, Massachusetts AN - 13750174; 199004150 AB - In a study of toxic compounds in the highly contaminated sediments of New Bedford Harbour, samples from 13 stations were analysed for total organic carbon (TOC), PCB, PAH, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and several trace metals. Concentrations of all contaminants and TOC generally increased with increasing distance north from the harbour mouth, but the spatial distribution of different classes of compound and of different compounds within each class was complex. Total PCB concentration increased from 6.1 ug per g at the harbour mouth to a maximum of 2100 ug per g at a northern station close to a major industrial source of contamination. PCDF concentrations were higher than expected from PCB data, possibly due to differences in environmental behaviour or to an additional input of PCDF from incineration of PCB-contaminated sewage sludge, and different trends in total PCDF and PCDD suggested multiple sources. Industrial discharges and combined sewer overflows appeared to be major sources of most contaminants but further investigation was required to design remediation projects and prevent further environmental deterioration. There are 43 references. JF - Marine Environmental Research AU - Pruell, R J AU - Norwood, C B AU - Bowen, R D AU - Boothman, W S AU - Rogerson, P F AU - Hackett, M AU - Butterworth, B C AD - U.S. EPA, Narragansett, R.I. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 77 EP - 101 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0141-1136, 0141-1136 KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13750174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Geochemical+study+of+sediment+contamination+in+New+Bedford+Harbour%2C+Massachusetts&rft.au=Pruell%2C+R+J%3BNorwood%2C+C+B%3BBowen%2C+R+D%3BBoothman%2C+W+S%3BRogerson%2C+P+F%3BHackett%2C+M%3BButterworth%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Pruell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Environmental+Research&rft.issn=01411136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenol and trichloroethylene degradation by Pseudomonas cepacia G4: kinetics and interactions between substrates AN - 13750024; 199004180 AB - The basic kinetics for degradation of phenol and trichloroethylene (TCE) by intact cells of Pseudomonas cepacia G4 were investigated. The apparent values for ks, Vmax and KSI were 8.5 uM, 466 nmol per minute.mg protein and 454 uM, respectively. A dimensionless Henry's law constant for TCE was calculated to be 0.40 plus or minus 0.02 at 25C. Using a no-headspace bottle assay that allowed for direct and accurate determinations of aqueous TCE concentration, apparent KS and Vmax values determined for TCE degradation by intact cells were 3 uM and 8 nmol per minute.mg protein, respectively. At TCE concentrations above 50 uM there was a lag phase before TCE disappearance. Though the lag phase was variable, the rates of TCE disappearance remained essentially constant for all concentration betweens 20 and 310 uM TCE. TCE significantly inhibited phenol degradation. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Folsom, B R AU - Chapman, P J AU - Pritchard, PH AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1279 EP - 1285 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13750024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phenol+and+trichloroethylene+degradation+by+Pseudomonas+cepacia+G4%3A+kinetics+and+interactions+between+substrates&rft.au=Folsom%2C+B+R%3BChapman%2C+P+J%3BPritchard%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Folsom&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laminated sediments in the Baltic - a tool for evaluating nutrient mass balances AN - 13749313; 199004336 AB - Between 1986 and 1989, 69 sediment samples for the open Baltic proper, and 28 from coastal and archipelago areas were collected by Ponar grab. Subsample cores of the sediment were taken and analysed for water content, organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total kjeldahl-nitrogen. Total area of laminated sediments was estimated at 70,000 km2 - approximately a third of the total area. On average, thickness of the recently laminated layer was 4.5 cm and each lamina was 2.5 mm thick. Deposition rates for dry matter, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, were calculated respectively, at 433, 16, 1.1 and 0.21 tons per km2 for the homogeneous layer, and 443, 39, 2.6 and 0.4 tons per km2 for the upper 5 cm of laminated layer, based on the assumption that laminae were annual. The carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus ratio in the laminated sediments was 98:6.5:1 (by weight), and implied sequestration of amounts of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fat too high to be accounted for by sedimentation of primary production from the water column and external inputs alone. Erosion from shallow (less than 80 m depth) areas was suggested as an additional source of the sedimented nutrients. There are 50 references. JF - Ambio AU - Jonsson, P AU - Carman, R AU - Wulff, F AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solna Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 152 EP - 158 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0044-7447, 0044-7447 KW - Archipelago KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13749313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Laminated+sediments+in+the+Baltic+-+a+tool+for+evaluating+nutrient+mass+balances&rft.au=Jonsson%2C+P%3BCarman%2C+R%3BWulff%2C+F&rft.aulast=Jonsson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ambio&rft.issn=00447447&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the reducing properties of anaerobic sediment slurries using redox indicators AN - 13748698; 199003794 AB - Six redox indicators (2 indophenols, resorufin, 3 indigo compounds) were identified from the literature and tested in sediment systems. Their reduction in anaerobic sediment slurries was studied by observing the disappearance of the colour of the oxidized form. There were indicator/sediment combinations where potential and capacity of available reducing agents were sufficient to give complete reduction of the indicators in minutes. When the potential capacity conditions were not met, the reduction of the indicators proceeded slowly with half lives of one or more days. Anaerobic sediment systems contained mild reducing agents that were available to react rapidly with substrates that were easily reduced. Less labile substrates were only reduced by stronger agents, as they were gradually produced by microbial metabolism. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Tratnyek, P G AU - Wolfe, N L AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 289 EP - 295 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Indophenol KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13748698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+reducing+properties+of+anaerobic+sediment+slurries+using+redox+indicators&rft.au=Tratnyek%2C+P+G%3BWolfe%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=Tratnyek&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hexachlorobenzene uptake by fathead minnows and macroinvertebrates in recirculating sediment/water systems AN - 13748384; 199003135 AB - The uptake of benzenehexachloride (BHC) by fish (Pimephales promelas), aquatic worms (Lumbriculus variegatus), and amphipods (Hyalella azteca and Gammarus lacustris) from water in the presence and absence of sediment contamination with the chemical was investigated. The water was recirculated through columns packed with BHC to maintain the necessary concentration of the chemical. There was significant bio-accumulation of BHC in all cases, but there was no evidence that the presence of sediment increased uptake of the chemical. There was a marked increase in the BHC content of the sediment with time and this, together with the higher tissue concentrations of BHC in animals in aquaria without sediment, suggested that the sediment was a more efficient sink than the animals for BHC. There is a bibliography of 34 references. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Schuytema, G S AU - Krawczyk, D F AU - Griffis, W L AU - Nebeker, A V AU - Robideaux, M L AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Animals (invertebrates) (see also individ groups) KW - Columns KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13748384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Hexachlorobenzene+uptake+by+fathead+minnows+and+macroinvertebrates+in+recirculating+sediment%2Fwater+systems&rft.au=Schuytema%2C+G+S%3BKrawczyk%2C+D+F%3BGriffis%2C+W+L%3BNebeker%2C+A+V%3BRobideaux%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of ammonia as an important sediment-associated toxicant in the lower Fox river and Green Bay, Wisconsin AN - 13748241; 199003879 AB - Sediment pore waters from all 13 sites in the lower Fox river and Green Bay were toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia, 10 sites were toxic towards Pimephales promelas, 7 sites to Selenastrum capricornutum but none were toxic to Photobacterium phosphoreum. Measurements of ammonia in the pore water samples revealed total concentrations in excess of 40 mg per litre at 5 sites and concentrations greater than 1 mg per litre at all 13 sites. When acute and chronic toxicities of the pore water to P. promelas and C. dubia were correlated with total ammonia concentration in the samples, the resulting correlation coefficients were quite high. The implications of these results for sediment toxicity assessment and control are described. There are 40 references. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Ankley, G T AU - Katko, A AU - Arthur, J W AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 313 EP - 322 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13748241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+ammonia+as+an+important+sediment-associated+toxicant+in+the+lower+Fox+river+and+Green+Bay%2C+Wisconsin&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BKatko%2C+A%3BArthur%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combined sample preparation and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy method for determination of 23 elements in solid wastes: summary of collaborative study AN - 13747308; S199135612 AB - The results of an interlaboratory collaborative study to validate U.S. EPA solid waste method 6010, for the determination of 23 elements in solid wastes, are reported. Three of the waste samples were standard reference materials (river sediment, coal fly ash and estuarine sediment), one was an EPA standard mine tailing material, one sample was a contaminated soil sample and two were industrial sludges. Collaborators were provided with both predigested sample extracts (strong acid) and raw samples to assess the effect of the digestion method on the ICP-AES determination. Raw samples were digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide (designated method 3050). Results for method 3050/6010 showed high accuracy and precision. JF - Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists AU - Sellers, C AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 476 EP - 478 VL - 73 IS - 3 KW - Interlaboratory KW - Standards (united states) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13747308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Association+of+Official+Analytical+Chemists&rft.atitle=Combined+sample+preparation+and+inductively+coupled+plasma+emission+spectroscopy+method+for+determination+of+23+elements+in+solid+wastes%3A+summary+of+collaborative+study&rft.au=Sellers%2C+C&rft.aulast=Sellers&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Association+of+Official+Analytical+Chemists&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of waste stabilized by the Soliditech SITE technology AN - 13744234; S199135255 AB - Soliditech Inc's waste solidification/stabilization process was demonstrated under the U.S. EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) programme to evaluate its effectiveness in treating waste contaminated with PCB, lead, other metals, oil and grease, from the Imperial Oil/Champion Chemical Superfund site. The Soliditech process used a batch mixer to mix the waste with additives, portland cement and water. The treated waste was physically stable with a high unconfined compressive strength, very low permeability and a high resistance to wet/dry and freeze/thaw deterioration. Concentrations of contaminants were low in extraction and leaching tests. Measurable amounts of arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc in leachates from the treated wastes were believed to be from the portland cement. Morphologic observations 28 d and 6 months after curing showed stress cracking of the large blocks of solidified waste. There were no mechanical equipment problems. JF - Journal of Air & Waste Management Association AU - Grube, W E AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 310 EP - 316 VL - 40 IS - 3 KW - Equipment KW - Freezing KW - Pb KW - Stabilization (see also fixation, solidification) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13744234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+waste+stabilized+by+the+Soliditech+SITE+technology&rft.au=Grube%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Grube&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The SITE demonstration of the CHEMFIX solidification/stabilization process at the Portable Equipment Salvage Company site AN - 13743923; S199135256 AB - CHEMFIX was a solidification/stabilization process used to treat liquid, sludges, soils and ashes containing heavy metals and organics. It was demonstrated at the Portable Equipment Salvage Company under the U.S. EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) programme to evaluate its ability to meet U.S. EPA land disposal banning levels for heavy metal wastes, to determine its effectiveness in reducing the mobility of heavy metals and PCB and to determine physical properties of the treated waste for reducing leaching potential and for long-term durability indication. Most of the treated waste met land ban standards criteria. There were substantial reductions in the leachability of lead and copper. The reduction in mobility of PCB could not be determined by the U.S. EPA Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test because the raw waste did not leach enough PCB. Data from other leaching test would need to be incorporated into a site-specific groundwater model. Physical testing indicated the durability of the treated waste in an exposed environment. JF - Journal of Air & Waste Management Association AU - Barth, E F AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 166 EP - 170 VL - 40 IS - 2 KW - Chemfix, inc KW - Equipment KW - Reduction KW - Stabilization (see also fixation, solidification) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00006:Sewage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13743923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=The+SITE+demonstration+of+the+CHEMFIX+solidification%2Fstabilization+process+at+the+Portable+Equipment+Salvage+Company+site&rft.au=Barth%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Barth&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting viruses in water AN - 13742393; S199137480 AB - Concentration and assay techniques for detecting human enteric viruses in environmental freshwater and treated drinking water are reviewed. The most suitable concentration method for recovering viruses from large volumes of water involved direct adsorption on to filter materials, such as round or pleated filter cartridges, or granular solids, such as powdered glass columns. Beef extract was the predominant proteinaceous eluant from removing the concentrate by competing for binding sites, while chaotropic agents, detergents or EDTA eluants altered the favourability of adsorption. Assays for detecting viruses in concentrates involved target material, target recognition and target visualization; cytopathogenicity and plaque assay, immunological assay and nucleic acid hybridization quantified viral infectivity better than electron microscopy procedures. In-situ hybridization was more sensitive and rapid than cytopathogenicity or immunofluorescence and detected 40 per cent more indigenous adenoviruses in raw sewage. There are 127 references. JF - Water Resources Journal AU - Hurst, C J AU - Benton, W H AU - Stetler, R E AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 63 EP - 75 IS - 164 SN - 0377-8053, 0377-8053 KW - Columns KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Hybridized KW - Viruses (-general-) (see also individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13742393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Journal&rft.atitle=Detecting+viruses+in+water&rft.au=Hurst%2C+C+J%3BBenton%2C+W+H%3BStetler%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=164&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Journal&rft.issn=03778053&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A field demonstration of the UV/oxidation technology to treat ground water contaminated with VOCs AN - 13741853; S199135254 AB - The Ultrox International UV/oxidation technology using UV radiation, ozone and hydrogen peroxide to oxidize organics in water was demonstrated at the Lorentz Barrel and Drum site under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) programme to evaluate its effectiveness in removing 44 volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the contaminated groundwater. Removal efficiencies for most VOCs were over 90 per cent. Most VOCs were removed by chemical oxidation. A few VOCs, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1-dichloroethane, were more difficult to treat and in addition to chemical oxidation, stripping also contributed to their removal. Reactor off-gas ozone was destroyed by the Decompozon unit to levels less than 0.1 ppm. Treated groundwater met discharge standards for a local waterway at the 95 per cent confidence level. JF - Journal of Air & Waste Management Association AU - Lewis, N AU - Topudurti, K AU - Welshans, G AU - Foster, R AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 540 EP - 547 VL - 40 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13741853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=A+field+demonstration+of+the+UV%2Foxidation+technology+to+treat+ground+water+contaminated+with+VOCs&rft.au=Lewis%2C+N%3BTopudurti%2C+K%3BWelshans%2C+G%3BFoster%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying ecological indicators: an environmental monitoring and assessment programme AN - 13741624; S199136916 AB - The U.S. EPA initiated the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Programme (EMAP) in 1990 to assess the status and trends of U.S. near-coastal waters, forests, freshwater wetlands, surface waters, agro-ecosystems and arid lands. The 6 research areas were supported by sampling design, land characterization, atmospheric monitoring, and quality assurance. Periodic assessments would be performed to address regional problems rather than site specific problems. JF - Journal of Air & Waste Management Association AU - Bromberg, S M AD - U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 976 EP - 978 VL - 40 IS - 7 KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13741624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Identifying+ecological+indicators%3A+an+environmental+monitoring+and+assessment+programme&rft.au=Bromberg%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Bromberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioavailability of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF and PCBs to marine benthos from Passaic river sediments AN - 13740780; 199100550 AB - Results are presented from laboratory experiments on the uptake and elimination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran and polychlorinated biphenyls by marine benthic organisms. Sandworms (Nereis virens), clams (Macoma nasuta), and shrimps (Palaemonetes pugio) were exposed for up to 180 days to contaminated sediment from the Passaic river, N.J. Sandworms accumulated the highest concentrations of these compounds. The rates of uptake and depuration were slowest in the worms and most rapid in the clams. JF - Chemosphere AU - Rubinstein, NI AU - Pruell, R J AU - Taplin, B K AU - LiVolsi, JA AU - Norwood, C B AD - U.S. EPA, Narragansett, R.I. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1097 EP - 1102 VL - 20 IS - 7/9 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13740780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+of+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-TCDD%2C+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-TCDF+and+PCBs+to+marine+benthos+from+Passaic+river+sediments&rft.au=Rubinstein%2C+NI%3BPruell%2C+R+J%3BTaplin%2C+B+K%3BLiVolsi%2C+JA%3BNorwood%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Rubinstein&rft.aufirst=NI&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7%2F9&rft.spage=1097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions between Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, under laboratory conditions AN - 13740066; S199136703 AB - Laboratory exposures were carried out to measure the response of fathead minnows to different densities of 2 commercial Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis formulations, Vectobac-G and Mosquito Attack. The minnows rapidly accumulated large numbers of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis spores of both suspensions and the observed mortality during exposures to 2,000,000 to 6,500,000 CFU per ml with both formulations was perhaps an indirect effect due to severe dissolved oxygen depletion by components of the formulations. No adverse effects occurred at 640,000 CFU per ml and below. Ingestion was the major route of exposure to the spores but when minnows were transferred to clear water there was a drop in spore count of over 3 orders of magnitude in 1 day. The significance of these findings in the dissemination of microbial agents is discussed. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Snarski, V M AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 2618 EP - 2622 VL - 56 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13740066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Interactions+between+Bacillus+thuringiensis+subsp.+israelensis+and+fathead+minnows%2C+Pimephales+promelas+Rafinesque%2C+under+laboratory+conditions&rft.au=Snarski%2C+V+M&rft.aulast=Snarski&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2618&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sub-chronic effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine on several immune functions in mallards AN - 13738694; 199101667 AB - Results are presented from studies on the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of sodium selenite and selenomethionine on several immunological, haematological, and serological parameters in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) receiving drinking water containing 0, 0.5, or 3.5 mg selenium per litre as rhodium selenite or 2.2 mg selenium per litre as selenomethionine. The tests carried out included peripheral white blood cell counts, cell-mediated immunity, carbon clearance (macrophage function), humoral immunity, serum chemistry, and tissue selenium content. Selenium as sodium selenite did not affect the immune system, but low concentrations of selenomethionine suppress certain aspects of the immune response. There are 39 references. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Fairbrother, A AU - Fowles, J AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 836 EP - 844 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13738694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Sub-chronic+effects+of+sodium+selenite+and+selenomethionine+on+several+immune+functions+in+mallards&rft.au=Fairbrother%2C+A%3BFowles%2C+J&rft.aulast=Fairbrother&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=836&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New source identification of mercury in Great Lakes AN - 13738123; 199100594 AB - Sources of mercury contamination in the fisheries of 2 Great Lakes estuaries were investigated using a modification of the U.S. EPA cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometric method. Operating procedures and screening reagents were standardized to achieve a reagent blank value of approximately 4 ng mercury per litre, enabling extension of the detection limit to 2 ng mercury per litre, and the design of a new water sampler eliminated systematic sampling contamination. In the St. Louis river estuary (Minn. and Wis.), the highest concentrations of mercury were detected in water (364 ng per litre) and sediments (1-5 ug per g) adjacent to the discharge of a sewage sludge incinerator, and in rain (22 ng per litre). The total mass of mercury entering the estuary was calculated from upstream inputs, wastewater discharges and rain, and analysis of the incinerator waste streams indicated that the incineration process significantly increased mercury concentrations. Drought conditions and the lake seiche extended elevated mercury concentrations upstream to affect more than 80 per cent of the estuary. In the Fox river/Green bay estuary, Wis., the highest concentrations of mercury in water (approximately 60 ng per litre) were measured immediately below the De Pere dam, indicating mobilization of mercury from impounded sediments and/or unidentified point source additions. There are 58 references. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Glass, GE AU - Sorensen, JA AU - Schmidt, K W AU - Rapp, G R AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1059 EP - 1069 VL - 24 IS - 7 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13738123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=New+source+identification+of+mercury+in+Great+Lakes&rft.au=Glass%2C+GE%3BSorensen%2C+JA%3BSchmidt%2C+K+W%3BRapp%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1059&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solute transport in aggregated media: aggregate size distribution and mean radii AN - 13737303; 199100652 AB - An aggregate model that considered the influence of micropore diffusion was used to study the effect of aggregate size distribution on solute migration in a column, assuming a nondegrading solute and instantaneous local sorption equilibria. Mean various radii were derived, and an effective new, iterative, finite difference numerical scheme was used to compute breakthrough curves for 3 sets of published data. The influences of aggregate size and aggregate size distribution could be approximated by a single mean radius only when the aggregate size effect was not dominating or when the dimensionless diffusion coefficient variables for all fractions were fairly close to each other. The skewdness and peakedness of a system increased with the aggregate phase effects, and the value of the mean variance radius depended on the internal diffusion and mass transfer coefficient of the aggregates. Multiple mean variance radii provided a satisfactory representation of aggregate size distribution with reduced computational effort. Incorporation of the very fine portions of aggregate size distribution into the macropore retardation reduced the stiffness of the system. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Fong, F K AU - Mulkey, LA AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1291 EP - 1303 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Columns KW - Media KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13737303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Solute+transport+in+aggregated+media%3A+aggregate+size+distribution+and+mean+radii&rft.au=Fong%2C+F+K%3BMulkey%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Fong&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design stream flows based on harmonic means AN - 13737239; 199100413 AB - The use of design stream flows in water quality planning to define conditions in which pollutant loadings must meet relevant quality standards is discussed. The overall mean daily flow was suggested as a suitable design flow to protect public health against lifetime exposure to possible carcinogens. Although arithmetic averaging was used in current practice to calculate means for such design flows, a theoretical analysis suggested that the harmonic mean should be used to obtain the average concentration to which an organism was exposed. The implications of this from the exposure assessment standpoint were assessed in relation to stream flow records from 60 U.S. rivers. JF - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering AU - Rossman, LA AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 946 EP - 950 VL - 116 IS - 7 SN - 0733-9429, 0733-9429 KW - Analysis KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - State of the art KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13737239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Design+stream+flows+based+on+harmonic+means&rft.au=Rossman%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Rossman&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=946&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydraulic+Engineering&rft.issn=07339429&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of numerical schemes for solving a spherical particle diffusion equation AN - 13736949; 199100054 AB - An iterative numerical scheme for a non-linear diffusive model was developed to describe sorption kinetics in suspensions of spherical particles. Application of this approach to finite difference and finite element models showed rapid convergence and stability over wide ranges of partition coefficients. The diffusive model assumed complete mixing in the bulk aqueous solution, and considered intra-aggregate transport within the suspended particles and the effect of particle size distribution. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Fong, F K AU - Mulkey, LA AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 843 EP - 853 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13736949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+numerical+schemes+for+solving+a+spherical+particle+diffusion+equation&rft.au=Fong%2C+F+K%3BMulkey%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Fong&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A probabilistic statement of the structure activity relationship for environmental risk analysis AN - 13735675; 199100622 AB - A mathematical model of the response surface was proposed to define the biological response of an organism to a chemical. The model described the combined effects of dose-level exposure and time-duration exposure using 570 96-h toxicity tests with fathead minnows. The response surface along the dose and time axes for each chemical was defined by 2 scale factors (for dose and time) and 2 form factors (for dose and time). The scale factors for dose and time were proportional to the inverse of LC50 and Lt50, respectively. The scale factor for the dose was correlated with the logarithm of the octanol water partition coefficient and molecular weight. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Shirazi, MA AU - Lowrie, L AD - U.S. EPA, Corvallis, Ore. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 597 EP - 602 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13735675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+probabilistic+statement+of+the+structure+activity+relationship+for+environmental+risk+analysis&rft.au=Shirazi%2C+MA%3BLowrie%2C+L&rft.aulast=Shirazi&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New method for determining effluent toxicity using duckweed (Lemna Minor) AN - 13735420; 199100628 AB - Duckweed (Lemna Minor) was proposed as another plant test to complement current tests using alga, fish and invertebrates during toxicity studies of industrial effluents and wastewater treatment plant effluents. A method for culturing and testing duckweed is described. Duckweed frond growth and chlorophyll levels were taken as indicators of growth inhibition. The method required a small testing volume (15 ml) of reconstituted test medium prepared by using commercial grade soil. A variety of single toxicants, industrial effluents and wastewaters were tested. Duckweed was as sensitive if not more sensitive as an indicator than Ceriodaphnia dubia or fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). There are 31 references. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Taraldsen, JE AU - Norberg-King, T J AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 761 EP - 767 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Algae (see also individual groups below) KW - Animals (invertebrates) (see also individ groups) KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Media KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13735420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=New+method+for+determining+effluent+toxicity+using+duckweed+%28Lemna+Minor%29&rft.au=Taraldsen%2C+JE%3BNorberg-King%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Taraldsen&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=761&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing surface waters that may not require filtration AN - 13734363; 199101538 AB - Advice and suggestions are offered to U.S. water utilities wishing to continue established practices of delivering surface water whose only treatment had traditionally been disinfection, but who may in future be required to augment this by filtration in accordance with the Surface Water Treatment Rule. Factors which caused variability in the composition of surface water, particularly in the protected upland areas where disinfection alone had so far been successful, are surveyed. While strict control of access to and use of the catchment, combined with massive dilution and long retention times in impoundments tended to provide a raw water of good and consistent quality, many natural events countered this. Among these, such seasonal factors as algal blooms, vegetation die-back and lake turnover, and random events such as storms, are considered. The effects of these on water quality, especially the presence of particles which may preclude contact by a disinfectant to produce undesirable by-products, are considered in relation to human health, and to the ability of disinfection alone to combat them. Consideration of the successful and less successful attempts of water utilities across the U.S.A. led to suggestions as to limits for certain key water quality parameters if disinfection alone was to be practised; these included raw water coliforms at 20 per 100 ml, turbidity of 1 nephelometry turbidity unit, colour of 15 acu, and chlorine demand of 2 mg per litre. Essential operational equipments included standby chlorinators to cope with breakdowns or power failures; alternative water sources, or a storage capacity for finished waters to provide at least 48 h supply, in case the raw water parameters temporarily exceeded the maximum permissible; injectors for alternative disinfectants if conditions suggested their use; and disinfectors that could, if necessary, be moved to alternative locations to ensure longer contact time. All these suggestions pre-supposed that monitoring would be adequate, that there had been no outbreak of waterbourne disease in the past 12 months, and that the utility could produce evidence that it knew how to, and did, react speedily and successfully to any such outbreak there may have been in the past. There are 42 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Geldreich, EE AU - Goodrich, JA AU - Clark, R M AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 40 EP - 50 VL - 82 IS - 12 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Equipment KW - Surface water (s/a lakes,ponds,reservoirs,streams) KW - World health organization KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13734363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Characterizing+surface+waters+that+may+not+require+filtration&rft.au=Geldreich%2C+EE%3BGoodrich%2C+JA%3BClark%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Geldreich&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urban storm-induced discharge impacts: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency research programme review AN - 13733137; 199101518 AB - Previous studies on the polluting effects of urban runoff including reduction in dissolved oxygen content of receiving waters, problems caused by sediment and effects on aquatic organisms are reviewed. Long-term projects being carried out by the U.S. EPA to investigate the source and control of toxicants in urban run-off are outlined. The effects of storm run-off were site-specific and depended on land use, rainfall patterns and type of receiving water. Long-term effects of run-off on aquatic life may be more important than short-term effects. Long-term effects may be related to the deposition and resuspension of toxic sediments or the inability of aquatic organisms to adjust to repeated exposure to high concentrations of toxicants; these effects may occur at some distance downstream from the point of discharge. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Field, R AU - Pitt, R E AD - U.S. EPA, Edison, N.J. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 22 IS - 10/11 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13733137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Urban+storm-induced+discharge+impacts%3A+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency+research+programme+review&rft.au=Field%2C+R%3BPitt%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=10%2F11&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of hydrophobic ionogenic organic compounds between octanol and water: organic acids AN - 13733003; 199101559 AB - Octanol-water partition coefficients were determined for 10 environmentally significant organic acids (PCP, TeCP, 2,4,5,-T, DDA, DNOC, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dicamba, fenac and silvex) as a function of aqueous phase salt concentration (0.05-0.2 M lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride) and pH. An equilibrium model that described acid dissociation in the aqueous phase and partitioning into the octanol phase by the neutral organic species, free inorganic and organic ions, and ion pairs, was used to quantitatively interpret the results. The distribution of DNOC (2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) on a natural sorbent as a function of salt concentration and pH, and the competitive adsorption on an environmental sorbent of PCP (pentachlorophenol) and TeCP (2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol) were studied in the context of a further understanding of the distribution of ionogenic compounds in the environment. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Jafvert, C T AU - Westall, J C AU - Grieder, E AU - Schwarzenbach, R P AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1795 EP - 1803 VL - 24 IS - 12 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - 2,4-d KW - Inorganic -- (see also without this prefix) KW - Methoxydichlorobenzoic acid KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Nitrocresols KW - Octanol/water partition coefficients KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13733003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+hydrophobic+ionogenic+organic+compounds+between+octanol+and+water%3A+organic+acids&rft.au=Jafvert%2C+C+T%3BWestall%2C+J+C%3BGrieder%2C+E%3BSchwarzenbach%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Jafvert&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1795&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of short-term tests in evaluating health effects associated with drinking water AN - 13732914; 199101350 AB - The development, limitations and interpretation of short-term tests for assessing genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity of specific drinking water contaminants are discussed. Short-term tests had limited application for risk assessment but provided a useful tool for providing timely and cost-efficient information about potential health risks associated with drinking water. Positive results, obtained using in vitro short-term tests for mutagenicity or carcinogenicity on chlorinated drinking water concentrates, are referred to and the possible interpretations of test results discussed. There are 47 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Meier, J R AU - Daniel, F B AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 48 EP - 56 VL - 82 IS - 10 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Hazard KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13732914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=The+role+of+short-term+tests+in+evaluating+health+effects+associated+with+drinking+water&rft.au=Meier%2C+J+R%3BDaniel%2C+F+B&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of surfactants in toxicity identification evaluations AN - 13732687; 199101177 AB - With the incorporation of toxicity limits into permits for point-source discharges in the U.S.A., it had become necessary to develop methods for identifying the specific components responsible for the toxicity of waste waters, so that appropriate control measures could be applied. Guidelines had been published for carrying out toxicity identification evaluations of complex effluents, and studies were carried out to investigate the possibility of surfactants contributing to such toxicity. Toxicity due to surfactants could be removed by filtration, and in some cases by filtration through a 1 micron glassfibre filter. The toxicity of all 3 types of surfactant (anionic, cationic, and non-ionic) could also be removed by passage through a carbon-18 solid-phase exchange column, but recovery of the different types of surfactant from the column by methanol/water elution was variable. JF - Chemosphere AU - Ankley, G T AU - Peterson, G S AU - Lukasewycz, M T AU - Jensen, DA AD - U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minn. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 3 EP - 12 VL - 21 IS - 1/2 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Columns KW - Filters (see also packed columns, groups below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13732687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+surfactants+in+toxicity+identification+evaluations&rft.au=Ankley%2C+G+T%3BPeterson%2C+G+S%3BLukasewycz%2C+M+T%3BJensen%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Ankley&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of wastewater treatment and sea water dilution in reducing lethal toxicity of municipal wastewater to sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) and pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) AN - 13732393; 199101473 AB - Tabulated results are presented from studies on the toxicity to fathead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) and shrimps (Penaeus duorarum) of sewage effluents following primary treatment, chemical coagulation, and the activated sludge process; with each of the 3 types of effluent, the effects of chlorination and of dilution with sea water were also investigated. Shrimps were much more sensitive than the fish to the effluents. Both unchlorinated and chlorinated primary effluents were toxic to shrimps, but none of the unchlorinated effluents were toxic to fish during a 34 d period at the lowest sea water dilution used (30:1). For both test organisms, the chlorinated effluents were more toxic than the corresponding unchlorinated effluents. The toxicity of both chlorinated and unchlorinated effluents was reduced by increasing the dilution rate to 100:1. The mortality of shrimps was also reduced by additional treatment by chemical coagulation and biological treatment. There was little evidence of bio-accumulation of heavy metals or chlorinated organic compounds in the test organisms. The implications for disposal of sewage in coastal waters are indicated. There are 40 references. JF - Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation AU - Young AU - Baumgartner, D J AU - Snedaker, S C AU - Udey, L AU - Brown AU - Corcoran, E F AD - U.S. EPA, Newport, Ore. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 763 EP - 770 VL - 62 IS - 6 KW - Effluent (treated) (see also sewage works effluent) KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Reduction KW - Sea water (see also marine -----) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13732393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.atitle=Effects+of+wastewater+treatment+and+sea+water+dilution+in+reducing+lethal+toxicity+of+municipal+wastewater+to+sheepshead+minnow+%28Cyprinodon+variegatus%29+and+pink+shrimp+%28Penaeus+duorarum%29&rft.au=Young%3BBaumgartner%2C+D+J%3BSnedaker%2C+S+C%3BUdey%2C+L%3BBrown%3BCorcoran%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Pollution+Control+Federation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative subchronic toxicity studies of three disinfectants AN - 13731852; 199101380 AB - Male and female, viral antibody-free, Sprague-Dawley rats, approximately 70 days old, were exposed to various dosages of chlorine, monochloramine or chlorine dioxide in their drinking water for 90 consecutive days. None of the disinfectants caused premature death at any of the concentrations used. Chlorine, at its highest dose of 250 mg per litre had no observable adverse effects. Monochloramine, at 200 mg per litre (lowest observable adverse effect level) produced decreased body and organ mass in both sexes and a small decrease in red blood cell count and serum calcium levels in males. Chlorine dioxide produced dosage related decreases in body and organ mass at levels as low as 25 mg per litre. The most significant toxic effect of chlorine dioxide, however, was the induction of nasal lesions at all concentrations. There are 39 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Daniel, F B AU - Condie, L W AU - Robinson, M AU - Stober, JA AU - York, R G AU - Olson, G R AU - Wang AD - U.S EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 61 EP - 69 VL - 82 IS - 10 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Reduction KW - Viruses (-general-) (see also individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13731852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Comparative+subchronic+toxicity+studies+of+three+disinfectants&rft.au=Daniel%2C+F+B%3BCondie%2C+L+W%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BStober%2C+JA%3BYork%2C+R+G%3BOlson%2C+G+R%3BWang&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results from the first year of the Swedish dioxin survey AN - 13730718; 199101181 AB - A 3-year study was being carried out in Sweden on the concentrations and sources of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans and related compounds in the environment. Tabulated results are presented from the first year of the study, during which about 200 samples were analysed, mainly biological (raw and cooked fish, and mammal tissues), together with some samples of marine sediment, food, and leachate from landfills. JF - Chemosphere AU - de Wit, C. AU - Jansson, B AU - Strandell, M AU - Jonsson, P AU - Bergqvist, P A AU - Bergek, S AU - Kjeller, LO AU - Rappe, C AU - Olsson, M AU - Slorach, S AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solna Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1473 EP - 1480 VL - 20 IS - 10/12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Analysis KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13730718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Results+from+the+first+year+of+the+Swedish+dioxin+survey&rft.au=de+Wit%2C+C.%3BJansson%2C+B%3BStrandell%2C+M%3BJonsson%2C+P%3BBergqvist%2C+P+A%3BBergek%2C+S%3BKjeller%2C+LO%3BRappe%2C+C%3BOlsson%2C+M%3BSlorach%2C+S&rft.aulast=de+Wit&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=10%2F12&rft.spage=1473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of non-ortho poychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated naphthalenes in Swedish dioxin survey samples AN - 13730484; 199101182 AB - Tabulated and graphical data are presented on the concentrations of 3coplanarpolychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polychlorinated naphthalenes in marine and freshwater fish and in a lake sediment in Sweden. Baltic herring showed seasonal differences in the concentrations of these compounds. Differences in the concentrations and isomer patterns between the lake sediment and pike from the lake indicated that metabolism and bio-accumulation were recurring. It was estimated that the toxic potential of PCB in most of the fish samples more than equalled that of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. JF - Chemosphere AU - Asplund, L AU - Grafstrom, A K AU - Haglund, P AU - Jansson, B AU - Jarnberg, U AU - Mace, D AU - Strandell, M AU - de Wit, C. AD - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Solna Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1481 EP - 1488 VL - 20 IS - 10/12 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13730484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+non-ortho+poychlorinated+biphenyls+and+polychlorinated+naphthalenes+in+Swedish+dioxin+survey+samples&rft.au=Asplund%2C+L%3BGrafstrom%2C+A+K%3BHaglund%2C+P%3BJansson%2C+B%3BJarnberg%2C+U%3BMace%2C+D%3BStrandell%2C+M%3Bde+Wit%2C+C.&rft.aulast=Asplund&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=10%2F12&rft.spage=1481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental protection: theory and practice AN - 13729246; 199101112 AB - U.S. environmental programmes, public policy decisions, and the evaluation and management of risk are considered. Risk assessment was influenced by the organization of the U.S. EPA and the various statutory authorities under which it operated. Differences in policy or lack of co-ordination in EPA headquarters operations was felt most acutely at the regional level. The determination of risk from exposure to man-made chemicals was problematic. Relevant factors included dosage, human health effects, bioavailability of chemicals, the validity of extrapolation from animals to humans, and site-specific exposure risks. The effects of uncertainties in these areas on the EPA, the public, the courts and legislatures are discussed. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Kimbrough, R D AD - U.S. EPA Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 1442 EP - 1445 VL - 24 IS - 10 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Animals (see also individual groups below) KW - Hazard KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13729246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Environmental+protection%3A+theory+and+practice&rft.au=Kimbrough%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Kimbrough&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1442&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The toxicity of aluminium to aquatic species in the US AN - 13727380; S199239002 AB - In August 1988 the U.S. EPA published ambient water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic organisms from the toxic effects of aluminium. Data for 20 freshwater North American species on the acute toxicity of aluminium at pH 6.5-9.0 is presented. The most sensitive freshwater vertebrate was the juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) with a reported LC50 of 3600 ug per litre. The acute toxicity of aluminium to 7 aquatic plants is summarized. The sensitive plant was the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum with a reported EC50 of 460 ug per litre. Data on the chronic toxicity of aluminium to 7 freshwater organisms is presented. Daphnia magna was the most sensitive invertebrate with a reported chronic value of 742 ug per litre. The U.S. EPA guidelines recommended the 1 h average concentration of aluminium should not exceed 750 ug per litre. The chronic criterion (exposure for 4 d every 3 years) was 87 ug per litre. JF - Environmental Geochemistry and Health AU - Gostomski, F AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 51 EP - 54 VL - 12 IS - 1/2 SN - 0269-4042, 0269-4042 KW - 3600 KW - Animals (invertebrates) (see also individ groups) KW - Animals (vertebrates) (see also individ groups) KW - Aquatic macrophytes (see also individual groups b) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13727380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.atitle=The+toxicity+of+aluminium+to+aquatic+species+in+the+US&rft.au=Gostomski%2C+F&rft.aulast=Gostomski&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.issn=02694042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determining inorganic disinfection by-products by ion chromatography AN - 13723981; S199239066 AB - A column was developed which not only separated chlorate ions from nitrate ions but also could determine other common anions. A method is described using an ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection to determine chlorate, chlorite, and bromate in drinking water and reagent water. The optimal flow rate for time of run and separation was 1 ml per litre. Using this method, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, o-phosphate and sulphate could be determined in the same run. If iodate was present, neither fluoride nor iodate could be determined in the same run. If iodate was present, neither fluoride nor iodate could be determined using conductivity. UV detection would be needed. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Pfaff, J D AU - Brockhoff, CA AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 192 EP - 195 VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Columns KW - Inorganic -- (see also without this prefix) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13723981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Determining+inorganic+disinfection+by-products+by+ion+chromatography&rft.au=Pfaff%2C+J+D%3BBrockhoff%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Pfaff&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Informational needs for local groundwater management decisions AN - 13722706; S199239199 AB - The need for local communities to obtain adequate data on groundwater for use in effective decision-making and resource development is discussed. The advantages of developing a computerized database for this purpose are indicated. The importance of the quality and accessibility of the data is also considered. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Dee, N AU - Mlay, M AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 223 EP - 225 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13722706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Informational+needs+for+local+groundwater+management+decisions&rft.au=Dee%2C+N%3BMlay%2C+M&rft.aulast=Dee&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The costs of groundwater contamination AN - 13722465; S199239189 AB - In estimating the costs of pollution of groundwater, both the present use value of the water and the value for possible future uses needed to be taken into account. Other factors affecting the costs included the physical characteristics of groundwater systems, possible effects of the contamination on human health, costs of treatment to remove the contaminants,and the costs of developing an alternative source of water. National costs of groundwater contamination in U.S.A. are estimated. Implications for future policy making are discussed briefly. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - O'Neil, W B AU - Raucher, R S AD - U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 180 EP - 183 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13722465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+costs+of+groundwater+contamination&rft.au=O%27Neil%2C+W+B%3BRaucher%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=O%27Neil&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Cost Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anomalies in the enumeration of starved bacteria on culture media containing nalidixic acid and tetracycline AN - 13721409; S199239856 AB - Antibiotic resistant, genetically engineered Pseudomonas fluorescens colonies prior to starvation had higher numbers on plate count agar with or without tetracycline than on plate count agar containing nalidixic acid or nalidixic acid plus tetracycline. After 20 d starvation there was a similar separation into 2 groups. A combination of nalidixic acid and tetracycline in plate count agar dramatically reduced colony counts after this starvation period. This effect was negated with the addition of catalase. The addition of magnesium sulphate to plate count agar containing nalidixic acid and tetracycline caused a significant increase in colony counts over the 20 d incubation. Various other antibiotic combinations did not inhibit colony formation of starved cells. JF - Microbial Ecology AU - Genthner, F J AU - Upadhyay, J AU - Campbell, R P AU - Genthner, BRS AD - U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, Fla. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 283 EP - 288 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0095-3628, 0095-3628 KW - Magnesium sulphate KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13721409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology&rft.atitle=Anomalies+in+the+enumeration+of+starved+bacteria+on+culture+media+containing+nalidixic+acid+and+tetracycline&rft.au=Genthner%2C+F+J%3BUpadhyay%2C+J%3BCampbell%2C+R+P%3BGenthner%2C+BRS&rft.aulast=Genthner&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Ecology&rft.issn=00953628&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acquisition and analysis of groundwater/aquifer samples: current technology and the trade off between quality assurance and practical considerations AN - 13718776; S199241650 AB - The U.S. EPA environmental research laboratory, Athens, Ga., (ERL-Athens) has collected groundwater and aquifer material and municipal landfill leachate samples from various locations in the U.S.A.. These samples were characterized by elemental composition, pH, redox potential, dissolved gases and solid phase analysis parameters including specific surface area, cation exchange capacity (CEC), extractable amorphous components, identifiable crystalline components (sand, silt, clay etc). The data were used in the MINTEQA1 mathematical model, a thermodynamic equilibrium model for metal speciation, to predict the concentrations of harmful pollutant species at potential exposure points and, thus, to determine waste treatment/disposal requirements. The sampling, analytical and interpretative problems encountered were discussed in the context of quality assurance and cost considerations. JF - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry AU - Loux, N T AU - Garrison, A W AU - Chafin, C R AD - U.S. EPA, Athens, Ga. Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 231 EP - 253 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0306-7319, 0306-7319 KW - Analysis KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - U.s. environmental protection agency KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13718776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Acquisition+and+analysis+of+groundwater%2Faquifer+samples%3A+current+technology+and+the+trade+off+between+quality+assurance+and+practical+considerations&rft.au=Loux%2C+N+T%3BGarrison%2C+A+W%3BChafin%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Loux&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=03067319&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring and modelling variations in distribution system water quality AN - 13718100; S199240639 AB - An exercise to identify temporal and spatial changes in water quality within a distribution system supplied with water from more than 1 source is described. The North Penn water utility, Pa., used a mix of surface and groundwater sources to feed its 275 mile network; the groundwater sources were normally cut off at night, the mixture varying depending on the demands made on the system. The system was routinely examined for 36 parameters Data were collected hourly throughout the day from 6 sites in 2 distribution zones, and tested for total trihalomethanes and hardness, to indicate which type of water was dominant where and when. The need for automatic sampling were to extend the data, the search for an instrument that would cap samples, to conserve the volatiles, initial experiences with 2 prototypes and attempts to formulate predictive steady-state and dynamic models of the quality to be expected, were recorded. There are 36 references. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Clark, R M AU - Coyle, JA AD - U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 1990 PY - 1990 DA - 1990 SP - 46 EP - 53 VL - 82 IS - 8 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Instrumentation KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Night KW - Spatial KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13718100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Measuring+and+modelling+variations+in+distribution+system+water+quality&rft.au=Clark%2C+R+M%3BCoyle%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER -